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Salama RAM, Raafat FA, Hasanin AH, Hendawy N, Saleh LA, Habib EK, Hamza M, Hassan ANE. A neuroprotective effect of pentoxifylline in rats with diabetic neuropathy: Mitigation of inflammatory and vascular alterations. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 128:111533. [PMID: 38271813 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of diabetic neuropathic pain does not change the natural history of neuropathy. Improved glycemic control is the recommended treatment in these cases, given that no specific treatment for the underlying nerve damage is available, so far. In the present study, the potential neuroprotective effect of pentoxifylline in streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) induced diabetic neuropathy in rats was investigated. METHODS Pentoxifylline was administered at doses equivalent to 50, 100 & 200 mg/kg, in drinking water, starting one week after streptozotocin injection and for 7 weeks. Mechanical allodynia, body weight and blood glucose level were assessed weekly. Epidermal thickness of the footpad skin, and neuroinflammation and vascular alterations markers were assessed. RESULTS Tactile allodynia was less in rats that received pentoxifylline at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg (60 % mechanical threshold increased by 48 % and 60 %, respectively). The decrease in epidermal thickness of footpad skin was almost completely prevented by the same doses. This was associated with a decrease in spinal tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and nuclear factor kappa B levels and a decrease in microglial ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 immunoreactivity, compared to the control diabetic group. In sciatic nerve, there was decrease in TNF-α and vascular endothelial growth factor levels and intercellular adhesion molecule immunoreactivity. CONCLUSION Pentoxifylline showed a neuroprotective effect in streptozotocin-induced diabetic neuropathy, which was associated with a suppression of both the inflammatory and vascular pathogenic pathways that was not associated with a hypoglycemic effect. Thus, it may represent a potential neuroprotective drug for diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghda A M Salama
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fatema Ahmed Raafat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amany Helmy Hasanin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nevien Hendawy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Faculty of Medicine, Galala University, Suez, Egypt
| | - Lobna A Saleh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman K Habib
- Faculty of Medicine, Galala University, Suez, Egypt; Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - May Hamza
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Nour Eldin Hassan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Faculty of Medicine, Galala University, Suez, Egypt
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2
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Kong P, Zhang L, Zhang Z, Feng K, Sang Y, Duan X, Liu C, Sun T, Tao Z, Liu W. Emerging Proteins in CRPC: Functional Roles and Clinical Implications. Front Oncol 2022; 12:873876. [PMID: 35756667 PMCID: PMC9226405 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.873876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer in men in the western world, but the lack of specific and sensitive markers often leads to overtreatment of prostate cancer which eventually develops into castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Novel protein markers for diagnosis and management of CRPC will be promising. In this review, we systematically summarize and discuss the expression pattern of emerging proteins in tissue, cell lines, and serum when castration-sensitive prostate cancer (CSPC) progresses to CRPC; focus on the proteins involved in CRPC growth, invasion, metastasis, metabolism, and immune microenvironment; summarize the current understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of emerging proteins in CSPC progressed to CRPC at the molecular level; and finally summarize the clinical applications of emerging proteins as diagnostic marker, prognostic marker, predictive marker, and therapeutic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piaoping Kong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingyu Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengliang Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kangle Feng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiwen Sang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiuzhi Duan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunhua Liu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhihua Tao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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3
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Zam W, Assaad A. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cells (CARs) in cancer treatment. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 15:532-546. [PMID: 34382510 DOI: 10.2174/1874467214666210811150255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and stem cell transplantation were the main cancer treatment approaches for several years but due to their limited effectiveness, there was a constant search for new therapeutic approaches. Cancer immunotherapy that utilizes and enhances the normal capacity of the patient's immune system was used to fight against cancer. Genetically engineered T-cells that express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) showed remarkable anti-tumor activity against hematologic malignancies and is now being investigated in a variety of solid tumors. The use of this therapy in the last few years has been successful, achieving a great success in improving the quality of life and prolonging the survival time of patients with a reduction in remission rates. However, many challenges still need to be resolved in order for this technology to gain widespread adoption. <P> Objective: This review summarizes various experimental approaches towards the use of CAR T-cells in hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. <P> Conclusion: Finally, we address the challenges posed by CAR T-cells and discuss strategies for improving the performance of these T cells in fighting cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wissam Zam
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Wadi International University, Homs. Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Amany Assaad
- 2. Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy,Tartous University, Tartous. Syrian Arab Republic
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4
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Xie Y, Hu Y, Zhou N, Yao C, Wu L, Liu L, Chen F. CAR T-cell therapy for triple-negative breast cancer: Where we are. Cancer Lett 2020; 491:121-131. [PMID: 32795486 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most complex and challenging breast cancer subtype to treat, and chemotherapy remains the standard of care. Clinically, TNBC has a relatively high rate of recurrence and poor prognosis, which leads to a significant effort to discover novel strategies to treat patients with these tumors. Currently, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell-based immunotherapy redirects the patient's immune system directly to recognize and eradicate tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) expressing tumor cells being explored as a treatment for TNBC. A steadily increasing research in CAR T-cell therapy targeting different TAAs in TNBC has reported. In this review, we introduce the CAR technology and summarize the potential TAAs, available CARs, the antitumor activity, and the related toxicity of CARs currently under investigation for TNBC. We also highlight the potential strategies to prevent/reduce potential "on target, off tumor" toxicity induced by CAR T-cell therapy. This review will help to explore proper targets to expand further the CAR T-cell therapy for TNBCs in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuetao Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518038, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518038, China
| | - Nawu Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518038, China
| | - Cuicui Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518038, China
| | - Lixin Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518038, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Everest Medical Care, 2010 West Chester Pike, Havertown, PA, 19083, USA
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518038, China.
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5
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Sherbenou DW, Su Y, Behrens CR, Aftab BT, Perez de Acha O, Murnane M, Bearrows SC, Hann BC, Wolf JL, Martin TG, Liu B. Potent Activity of an Anti-ICAM1 Antibody-Drug Conjugate against Multiple Myeloma. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:6028-6038. [PMID: 32917735 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-0400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE New therapies have changed the outlook for patients with multiple myeloma, but novel agents are needed for patients who are refractory or relapsed on currently approved drug classes. Novel targets other than CD38 and BCMA are needed for new immunotherapy development, as resistance to daratumumab and emerging anti-BCMA approaches appears inevitable. One potential target of interest in myeloma is ICAM1. Naked anti-ICAM1 antibodies were active in preclinical models of myeloma and safe in patients, but showed limited clinical efficacy. Here, we sought to achieve improved targeting of multiple myeloma with an anti-ICAM1 antibody-drug conjugate (ADC). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Our anti-ICAM1 human mAb was conjugated to an auristatin derivative, and tested against multiple myeloma cell lines in vitro, orthotopic xenografts in vivo, and patient samples ex vivo. The expression of ICAM1 was also measured by quantitative flow cytometry in patients spanning from diagnosis to the daratumumab-refractory state. RESULTS The anti-ICAM1 ADC displayed potent anti-myeloma cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we have verified that ICAM1 is highly expressed on myeloma cells and shown that its expression is further accentuated by the presence of bone marrow microenvironmental factors. In primary samples, ICAM1 is differentially overexpressed on multiple myeloma cells compared with normal cells, including daratumumab-refractory patients with decreased CD38. In addition, ICAM1-ADC showed selective cytotoxicity in multiple myeloma primary samples. CONCLUSIONS We propose that anti-ICAM1 ADC should be further studied for toxicity, and if safe, tested for clinical efficacy in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Sherbenou
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, California.,Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Yang Su
- Department of Anesthesia, University of California at San Francisco, California
| | | | - Blake T Aftab
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, California.,UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Olivia Perez de Acha
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Megan Murnane
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, California
| | - Shelby C Bearrows
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Byron C Hann
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Jeffery L Wolf
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, California
| | - Thomas G Martin
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, California
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Anesthesia, University of California at San Francisco, California. .,UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
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Windisch R, Pirschtat N, Kellner C, Chen-Wichmann L, Lausen J, Humpe A, Krause DS, Wichmann C. Oncogenic Deregulation of Cell Adhesion Molecules in Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E311. [PMID: 30841639 PMCID: PMC6468598 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous cell⁻cell and cell⁻matrix interactions within the bone marrow microenvironment enable the controlled lifelong self-renewal and progeny of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). On the cellular level, this highly mutual interaction is granted by cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) integrating differentiation, proliferation, and pro-survival signals from the surrounding microenvironment to the inner cell. However, cell⁻cell and cell⁻matrix interactions are also critically involved during malignant transformation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. It has become increasingly apparent that leukemia-associated gene products, such as activated tyrosine kinases and fusion proteins resulting from chromosomal translocations, directly regulate the activation status of adhesion molecules, thereby directing the leukemic phenotype. These observations imply that interference with adhesion molecule function represents a promising treatment strategy to target pre-leukemic and leukemic lesions within the bone marrow niche. Focusing on myeloid leukemia, we provide a current overview of the mechanisms by which leukemogenic gene products hijack control of cellular adhesion to subsequently disturb normal hematopoiesis and promote leukemia development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Windisch
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Hemostaseology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Nina Pirschtat
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Hemostaseology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Christian Kellner
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Hemostaseology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Linping Chen-Wichmann
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Hemostaseology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Jörn Lausen
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe University and German Red Cross Blood Service, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Andreas Humpe
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Hemostaseology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Daniela S Krause
- Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Christian Wichmann
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Hemostaseology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
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7
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Cytometric Profiling of CD133+ Cells in Human Colon Carcinoma Cell Lines Identifies a Common core Phenotype and Cell Type-specific Mosaics. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 28:267-73. [DOI: 10.5301/jbm.5000020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In colorectal cancer, CD133+ cells from fresh biopsies proved to be more tumorigenic than their CD133– counterparts. Nevertheless, the function of CD133 protein in tumorigenic cells seems only marginal. Moreover, CD133 expression alone is insufficient to isolate true cancer stem cells, since only 1 out of 262 CD133+ cells actually displays stem-cell capacity. Thus, new markers for colorectal cancer stem cells are needed. Here, we show the extensive characterization of CD133+ cells in 5 different colon carcinoma continuous cell lines (HT29, HCT116, Caco2, GEO and LS174T), each representing a different maturation level of colorectal cancer cells. Markers associated with stemness, tumorigenesis and metastatic potential were selected. We identified 6 molecules consistently present on CD133+ cells: CD9, CD29, CD49b, CD59, CD151, and CD326. By contrast, CD24, CD26, CD54, CD66c, CD81, CD90, CD99, CD112, CD164, CD166, and CD200 showed a discontinuous behavior, which led us to identify cell type-specific surface antigen mosaics. Finally, some antigens, e.g. CD227, indicated the possibility of classifying the CD133+ cells into 2 subsets likely exhibiting specific features. This study reports, for the first time, an extended characterization of the CD133+ cells in colon carcinoma cell lines and provides a “dictionary” of antigens to be used in colorectal cancer research.
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8
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Cell-type specific potent Wnt signaling blockade by bispecific antibody. Sci Rep 2018; 8:766. [PMID: 29335534 PMCID: PMC5768681 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17539-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell signaling pathways are often shared between normal and diseased cells. How to achieve cell type-specific, potent inhibition of signaling pathways is a major challenge with implications for therapeutic development. Using the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway as a model system, we report here a novel and generally applicable method to achieve cell type-selective signaling blockade. We constructed a bispecific antibody targeting the Wnt co-receptor LRP6 (the effector antigen) and a cell type-associated antigen (the guide antigen) that provides the targeting specificity. We found that the bispecific antibody inhibits Wnt-induced reporter activities with over one hundred-fold enhancement in potency, and in a cell type-selective manner. Potency enhancement is dependent on the expression level of the guide antigen on the target cell surface and the apparent affinity of the anti-guide antibody. Both internalizing and non-internalizing guide antigens can be used, with internalizing bispecific antibody being able to block signaling by all ligands binding to the target receptor due to its removal from the cell surface. It is thus feasible to develop bispecific-based therapeutic strategies that potently and selectively inhibit signaling pathways in a cell type-selective manner, creating opportunity for therapeutic targeting.
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9
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Naz F, Sami N, Naqvi AT, Islam A, Ahmad F, Imtaiyaz Hassan M. Evaluation of human microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 4 inhibitors: fluorescence binding studies, enzyme, and cell assays. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 35:3194-3203. [PMID: 27748164 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1249958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Human microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 4 (MARK4) is considered as an encouraging drug target for the design and development of inhibitors to cure several life-threatening diseases such as Alzheimer disease, cancer, obesity, and type-II diabetes. Recently, we have reported four ligands namely, BX-912, BX-795, PKR-inhibitor, and OTSSP167 (hydrochloride) which bind preferentially to the two different constructs of human MARK4 containing kinase domain. To ensure the role of ubiquitin-associated (UBA) domain in the ligand binding, we made a newer construct of MARK4 which contains both kinase and UBA domains, named as MARK4-F3. We observed that OTSSP167 (hydrochloride) binds to the MARK4-F3 with a binding constant (K) of 3.16 × 106, M-1 (±.21). However, UBA-domain of MARK4-F3 doesn't show any interaction with ligands directly as predicted by the molecular docking. To validate further, ATPase inhibition assays of all three constructs of MARK4 in the presence of mentioned ligands were carried out. An appreciable correlation between the binding experiments and ATPase inhibition assays of MARK4 was observed. In addition, cell-proliferation inhibition activity for all four ligands on the Human embryonic kidney (HEK-293) and breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7) was performed using MTT assay. IC50 values of OTSSP167 for HEK-293 and MCF-7 were found to be 58.88 (±1.5), and 48.2 (±1.6), respectively. OTSSP167 among all four inhibitors, showed very good enzyme inhibition activity against three constructs of MARK4. Moreover, all four inhibitors showed anti-neuroblastoma activity and anticancer properties. In conclusion, OTSSP167 may be considered as a promising scaffold to discover novel inhibitors of MARK4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farha Naz
- a Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences , Jamia Millia Islamia , Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025 , India
| | - Neha Sami
- a Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences , Jamia Millia Islamia , Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025 , India
| | - Abu Turab Naqvi
- a Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences , Jamia Millia Islamia , Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025 , India
| | - Asimul Islam
- a Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences , Jamia Millia Islamia , Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025 , India
| | - Faizan Ahmad
- a Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences , Jamia Millia Islamia , Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025 , India
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- a Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences , Jamia Millia Islamia , Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025 , India
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10
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Naz F, Shahbaaz M, Bisetty K, Islam A, Ahmad F, Hassan MI. Designing New Kinase Inhibitor Derivatives as Therapeutics Against Common Complex Diseases: Structural Basis of Microtubule Affinity-Regulating Kinase 4 (MARK4) Inhibition. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2016; 19:700-11. [PMID: 26565604 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2015.0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Drug development for common complex diseases is in need of new molecular entities and actionable drug targets. MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 4 (MARK4) is associated with numerous diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders, obesity, cancer, and type 2 diabetes. Understanding the structural basis of ligands' (inhibitors) and substrates' binding to MARK4 is crucial to design new kinase inhibitors for therapeutic purposes. This study reports new observations on docking three well-known kinase inhibitors in the kinase domain of MARK4 variants and the calculated binding affinity. These variants of MARK4 are named as MARK4-F1 (59 N-terminal residues along with kinase domain) and MARK4-F2 (kinase domain of MARK4). We additionally performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and fluorescence binding studies to calculate the actual binding affinity of kinase inhibitors, BX-912, BX-795, and OTSSP167 (hydrochloride) for the MARK4. Docking analyses revealed that ligands bind in the large hydrophobic cavity of the kinase domain of MARK4 through several hydrophobic and hydrogen-bonded interactions. Simulations suggested that OTSSP167 (hydrochloride) is forming a stable complex, and hence the best inhibitor of MARK4. Intrinsic fluorescence of MARK4 was significantly quenched by addition of ligands, indicating their potential binding to MARK4. A lower KD value of MARK4 with OTSSP167 (hydrochloride) suggested that it is a better interacting partner than BX-912 and BX-795. These data form a basis for designing novel and potent OTSSP167 (hydrochloride) derivatives as therapeutic candidates against common complex diseases. The inhibitors designed as such might possibly suppress the growth of tumor-forming cells and be potentially applied for treatment of a wide range of human cancers as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farha Naz
- 1 Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences , Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Shahbaaz
- 2 Department of Chemistry, Durban University of Technology , Durban, South Africa
| | - Krishna Bisetty
- 2 Department of Chemistry, Durban University of Technology , Durban, South Africa
| | - Asimul Islam
- 1 Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences , Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Faizan Ahmad
- 1 Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences , Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- 1 Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences , Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, India
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Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy is a cancer treatment in which replication-competent viruses are used that specifically infect, replicate in and lyse malignant tumour cells, while minimizing harm to normal cells. Anecdotal evidence of the effectiveness of this strategy has existed since the late nineteenth century, but advances and innovations in biotechnological methods in the 1980s and 1990s led to a renewed interest in this type of therapy. Multiple clinical trials investigating the use of agents constructed from a wide range of viruses have since been performed, and several of these enrolled patients with urological malignancies. Data from these clinical trials and from preclinical studies revealed a number of challenges to the effectiveness of oncolytic virotherapy that have prompted the development of further sophisticated strategies. Urological cancers have a range of distinctive features, such as specific genetic mutations and cell surface markers, which enable improving both effectiveness and safety of oncolytic virus treatments. The strategies employed in creating advanced oncolytic agents include alteration of the virus tropism, regulating transcription and translation of viral genes, combination with chemotherapy, radiotherapy or gene therapy, arming viruses with factors that stimulate the immune response against tumour cells and delivery technologies to ensure that the viral agent reaches its target tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Delwar
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Kaixin Zhang
- Department of Urology, University of British Columbia, Level 6, 2775 Laurel Street, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Paul S Rennie
- Prostate Research Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - William Jia
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B5, Canada
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12
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In Vitro Selection of Cancer Cell-Specific Molecular Recognition Elements from Amino Acid Libraries. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:186586. [PMID: 26436100 PMCID: PMC4576012 DOI: 10.1155/2015/186586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Differential cell systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) is an in vitro selection method for obtaining molecular recognition elements (MREs) that specifically bind to individual cell types with high affinity. MREs are selected from initial large libraries of different nucleic or amino acids. This review outlines the construction of peptide and antibody fragment libraries as well as their different host types. Common methods of selection are also reviewed. Additionally, examples of cancer cell MREs are discussed, as well as their potential applications.
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13
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Heinzelmann J, Stubendorff B, Jung V, Baumgart S, Hölters S, Unteregger G, Grimm J, Linxweiler J, Janssen M, Ohlmann CH, Saar M, Siemer S, Stöckle M, Junker K. [Epigenetic regulation of urological tumors. Importance for prognosis and metastasis]. Urologe A 2015; 54:832-8. [PMID: 26037021 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-015-3863-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Heinzelmann
- Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Universität des Saarlandes, Kirrberger Straße 1, 66424, Homburg/Saar, Deutschland
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14
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Selection strategies for anticancer antibody discovery: searching off the beaten path. Trends Biotechnol 2015; 33:292-301. [PMID: 25819764 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-based drugs represent one of the most successful and promising therapeutic approaches in oncology. Large combinatorial phage antibody libraries are available for the identification of therapeutic antibodies and various technologies exist for their further conversion into multivalent and multispecific formats optimized for the desired pharmacokinetics and the pathological context. However, there is no technology for antigen profiling of intact tumors to identify tumor markers targetable with antibodies. Such constraints have led to a relative paucity of tumor-associated antigens for antibody targeting in oncology. Here we review novel approaches aimed at the identification of antibody-targetable, accessible antigens in intact tumors. We hope that such advanced selection approaches will be useful in the development of next-generation antibody therapies for cancer.
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Ha KD, Bidlingmaier SM, Zhang Y, Su Y, Liu B. High-content analysis of antibody phage-display library selection outputs identifies tumor selective macropinocytosis-dependent rapidly internalizing antibodies. Mol Cell Proteomics 2014; 13:3320-31. [PMID: 25149096 PMCID: PMC4256486 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m114.039768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many forms of antibody-based targeted therapeutics, including antibody drug conjugates, utilize the internalizing function of the targeting antibody to gain intracellular entry into tumor cells. Ideal antibodies for developing such therapeutics should be capable of both tumor-selective binding and efficient endocytosis. The macropinocytosis pathway is capable of both rapid and bulk endocytosis, and recent studies have demonstrated that it is selectively up-regulated by cancer cells. We hypothesize that receptor-dependent macropinocytosis can be achieved using tumor-targeting antibodies that internalize via the macropinocytosis pathway, improving potency and selectivity of the antibody-based targeted therapeutic. Although phage antibody display libraries have been utilized to find antibodies that bind and internalize to target cells, no methods have been described to screen for antibodies that internalize specifically via macropinocytosis. We hereby describe a novel screening strategy to identify phage antibodies that bind and rapidly enter tumor cells via macropinocytosis. We utilized an automated microscopic imaging-based, High Content Analysis platform to identify novel internalizing phage antibodies that colocalize with macropinocytic markers from antibody libraries that we have generated previously by laser capture microdissection-based selection, which are enriched for internalizing antibodies binding to tumor cells in situ residing in their tissue microenvironment (Ruan, W., Sassoon, A., An, F., Simko, J. P., and Liu, B. (2006) Identification of clinically significant tumor antigens by selecting phage antibody library on tumor cells in situ using laser capture microdissection. Mol. Cell. Proteomics. 5, 2364–2373). Full-length human IgG molecules derived from macropinocytosing phage antibodies retained the ability to internalize via macropinocytosis, validating our screening strategy. The target antigen for a cross-species binding antibody with a highly active macropinocytosis activity was identified as ephrin type-A receptor 2. Antibody-toxin conjugates created using this macropinocytosing IgG were capable of potent and receptor-dependent killing of a panel of EphA2-positive tumor cell lines in vitro. These studies identify novel methods to screen for and validate antibodies capable of receptor-dependent macropinocytosis, allowing further exploration of this highly efficient and tumor-selective internalization pathway for targeted therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Ha
- From the ‡Department of Anesthesia, UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94110-1305
| | - Scott M Bidlingmaier
- From the ‡Department of Anesthesia, UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94110-1305
| | - Yafeng Zhang
- From the ‡Department of Anesthesia, UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94110-1305
| | - Yang Su
- From the ‡Department of Anesthesia, UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94110-1305
| | - Bin Liu
- From the ‡Department of Anesthesia, UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94110-1305
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Han AL, Kumar S, Fok JY, Tyagi AK, Mehta K. Tissue transglutaminase expression promotes castration-resistant phenotype and transcriptional repression of androgen receptor. Eur J Cancer 2014; 50:1685-96. [PMID: 24656569 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2014.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have supported a role for inflammation in prostate tumour growth. However, the contribution of inflammation to the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer remains largely unknown. Based on observations that aberrant expression of the proinflammatory protein tissue transglutaminase (TG2) is associated with development of drug resistance and metastatic phenotype in multiple cancer types, we determined TG2 expression in prostate cancer cells. Herein we report that human prostate cancer cell lines with low expression of androgen receptor (AR) had high basal levels of TG2 expression. Also, overexpression of TG2 negatively regulated AR mRNA and protein expression and attenuated androgen sensitivity of prostate cancer cells. TG2 expression in prostate cancer cells was associated with increased invasion and resistance to chemotherapy. Mechanistically, TG2 activated nuclear factor (NF)-κB and induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition. TG2/NF-κB-mediated decrease in AR expression resulted from transcriptional repression involving cis-interaction of NF-κB in a complex with TG2 with the 5'-untranslated region of AR. Negative regulation of AR could be partially abrogated by repression of TG2 or NF-κB (p65/RelA) by gene-specific small interfering RNA. These results suggested that a novel pathway links androgen dependence with TG2-regulated inflammatory signalling and hence may make TG2 a novel therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Lee Han
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Jansina Y Fok
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Amit K Tyagi
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Kapil Mehta
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States.
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Liu R, Wang K, Yuan K, Wei Y, Huang C. Integrative oncoproteomics strategies for anticancer drug discovery. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 7:411-29. [DOI: 10.1586/epr.10.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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18
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Jenardhanan P, Mannu J, Mathur PP. The structural analysis of MARK4 and the exploration of specific inhibitors for the MARK family: a computational approach to obstruct the role of MARK4 in prostate cancer progression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 10:1845-68. [DOI: 10.1039/c3mb70591a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The binding of identified ATP competitors specific to MARK4, characterized by a unique DFG Asp-in/αC helix-out inactive state, hampers the progression of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Premendu P. Mathur
- Centre for Bioinformatics
- Pondicherry University
- Puducherry, India
- KIIT University
- Bhubaneshwar - 751024, India
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Al-Husein B, Goc A, Somanath PR. Suppression of interactions between prostate tumor cell-surface integrin and endothelial ICAM-1 by simvastatin inhibits micrometastasis. J Cell Physiol 2013; 228:2139-48. [PMID: 23559257 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer micrometastasis relies on the ability of cancer cells to secrete angiogenic modulators, to interact with the vascular endothelium, and to overcome the resistance offered by the endothelial-barrier. Being an essential step prior to metastasis, blockage of micrometastasis can have potential applications in cancer therapy and metastasis prevention. Due to poorly known molecular mechanisms leading to micrometastasis, developing therapeutic strategies to target prostate cancer utilizing drugs that block micrometastasis is far from reality. Here, we demonstrate the potential benefits of simvastatin in the inhibition of prostate cancer micrometastasis and reveal the novel molecular mechanisms underlying this process. First, we showed that simvastatin inhibited the ability of human PC3 prostate cancer cells for transendothelial migration in vitro. Second, our data indicated that simvastatin modulates the expression of tumor-derived factors such as angiopoietins and VEGF-A at the mRNA and protein levels by the PC3 cells, thus preventing endothelial-barrier disruption. Third, simvastatin directly activated endothelial cells and enhances endothelial-barrier resistance. Apart from this, our study revealed that simvastatin-mediated effect on PC3 micrometastasis was mediated through inhibition of integrin αv β3 activity and suppression of interaction between prostate cancer cell integrin αv β3 with endothelial ICAM-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belal Al-Husein
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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Zhou Y, Zhao L, Marks JD. Selection and characterization of cell binding and internalizing phage antibodies. Arch Biochem Biophys 2012; 526:107-13. [PMID: 22627065 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2012.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Revised: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Many therapeutic targets are cell surface receptors, which can be challenging antigens for antibody generation. For many therapeutic applications, one needs antibodies that not only bind the cell surface receptor but also are internalized into the cell. This allows use of the antibody to deliver various payloads into the cell to achieve a therapeutic effect. Phage antibody technology has proven a powerful tool for the generation and optimization of human antibodies to any antigen. While applied to the generation of antibodies to purified proteins, it is possible to directly select cell binding and internalizing antibodies on cells. Potential advantages of this approach include: cell surface receptors are in native conformation on intact cells while this might not be so for recombinant proteins; antibodies can be selected for both cell binding and internalization properties; the antibodies can be used to identify their tumor associated antigens; and such antibodies can be used for human treatment directly since they are human in sequence. This review will discuss the factors that impact the successful selection of cell binding and internalizing antibodies. These factors include the cell types used for selection, the impact of different phage antibody library formats, and the specific selection protocols used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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21
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Chen YC, Lu PH, Hsu JL, Yu CC, Guh JH. ICAM-1 and AMPK regulate cell detachment and apoptosis by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, a widely spread environmental chemical, in human hormone-refractory prostate cancers. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 257:412-9. [PMID: 22001597 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Revised: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), a sensor of DNA damage, plays a crucial role in the regulation of DNA repair. PARP-1 hyperactivation causes DNA damage and cell death. The underlying mechanism is complicated and is through diverse pathways. The understanding of responsible signaling pathways may offer implications for effective therapies. After concentration-response determination of N-Methyl-N'-Nitro-N-Nitrosoguanidine (MNNG, a PARP-1 activating agent and an environmental mutagen) in human hormone-refractory prostate cancers, the data showed that concentrations below 5μM did not change cell survival but cause a time-dependent up-regulation of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in mRNA, total protein and cell surface levels. Detection of phosphorylation and degradation of IκB-α and nuclear translocation of NF-κB showed that MNNG induced the activation of NF-κB that was responsible for the ICAM-1 up-regulation since PDTC (a NF-κB inhibitor) significantly abolished this effect. However, higher concentrations (e.g., 10μM) of MNNG induced a 61% detachment of the cells which were apoptosis associated with the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Further identification showed that both AMPK and JNK other than p38 MAPK functionally contributed to cell death. The remaining 39% attached cells were survival associated with high ICAM-1 expression. In conclusion, the data suggest that NF-κB-dependent up-regulation of ICAM-1 plays a key role on cell attachment and survival; whereas, activation of AMPK and JNK participates in cytotoxic signaling pathways in detached cells caused by PARP-1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Cheng Chen
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sect. 1, Jen-Ai Rd, Taipei 100, Taiwan
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Hubbard SC, Boyce M, McVaugh CT, Peehl DM, Bertozzi CR. Cell surface glycoproteomic analysis of prostate cancer-derived PC-3 cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:4945-50. [PMID: 21798741 PMCID: PMC3341932 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Most clinically approved biomarkers of cancer are glycoproteins, and those residing on the cell surface are of particular interest in biotherapeutics. We report a method for selective labeling, affinity enrichment, and identification of cell-surface glycoproteins. PC-3 cells and primary human prostate cancer tissue were treated with peracetylated N-azidoacetylgalactosamine, resulting in metabolic labeling of cell surface glycans with the azidosugar. We used mass spectrometry to identify over 70 cell surface glycoproteins and biochemically validated CD146 and integrin beta-4, both of which are known to promote metastatic behavior. These results establish cell-surface glycoproteomics as an effective technique for discovery of cancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C. Hubbard
- Department of Chemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Michael Boyce
- Department of Chemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Cheryl T. McVaugh
- Department of Chemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Donna M. Peehl
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Carolyn R. Bertozzi
- Department of Chemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Chen Y, Zhu X, Zhang X, Liu B, Huang L. Nanoparticles modified with tumor-targeting scFv deliver siRNA and miRNA for cancer therapy. Mol Ther 2010; 18:1650-6. [PMID: 20606648 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2010.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 385] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted delivery of RNA-based therapeutics for cancer therapy remains a challenge. We have developed a LPH (liposome-polycation-hyaluronic acid) nanoparticle formulation modified with tumor-targeting single-chain antibody fragment (scFv) for systemic delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) into experimental lung metastasis of murine B16F10 melanoma. The siRNAs delivered by the scFv targeted nanoparticles efficiently downregulated the target genes (c-Myc/MDM2/VEGF) in the lung metastasis. Two daily intravenous injections of the combined siRNAs in the GC4-targeted nanoparticles significantly reduced the tumor load in the lung. miRNA-34a (miR-34a) induced apoptosis, inhibited survivin expression, and downregulated MAPK pathway in B16F10 cells. miR-34a delivered by the GC4-targeted nanoparticles significantly downregulated the survivin expression in the metastatic tumor and reduced tumor load in the lung. When miR-34a and siRNAs were co-formulated in GC4-targeted nanoparticles, an enhanced anticancer effect was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunching Chen
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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He J, Wang Y, Feng J, Zhu X, Lan X, Iyer AK, Zhang N, Seo Y, VanBrocklin HF, Liu B. Targeting prostate cancer cells in vivo using a rapidly internalizing novel human single-chain antibody fragment. J Nucl Med 2010; 51:427-32. [PMID: 20150269 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.109.069492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Human antibodies targeting prostate cancer cell surface epitopes may be useful for imaging and therapy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the tumor targeting of an internalizing human antibody fragment, a small-size platform, to provide high contrast in a mouse model of human prostate carcinoma. METHODS A prostate tumor-targeting single-chain antibody fragment (scFv), UA20, along with a nonbinding control scFv, N3M2, were labeled with (99m)Tc and evaluated for binding and rapid internalization into human prostate tumor cells in vitro and tumor homing in vivo using xenograft models. For the in vitro studies, the labeled UA20 scFv was incubated at 37 degrees C for 1 h with metastatic prostate cancer cells (DU145) to assess the total cellular uptake versus intracellular uptake. For the animal studies, labeled UA20 and N3M2 scFvs were administered to athymic mice implanted subcutaneously with DU145 cells. Mice were imaged with small-animal SPECT/CT with concomitant biodistribution at 1 and 3 h after injection. RESULTS The UA20 scFv was labeled in 55%-65% yield and remained stable in phosphate buffer within 24 h. The labeled UA20 scFv was taken up specifically by prostate tumor cells. Internalization was rapid, because incubation at 37 degrees C for less than 1 h resulted in 93% internalization of total cell-associated scFvs. In animal studies, SPECT/CT showed significant tumor uptake as early as 1 h after injection. At 3 h after injection, tumor uptake was 4.4 percentage injected dose per gram (%ID/g), significantly greater than all organs or tissues studied (liver, 2.7 %ID/g; other organs or tissues, <1 %ID/g), except the kidneys (81.4 %ID/g), giving tumor-to-blood and tumor-to-muscle ratios of 12:1 and 70:1, respectively. In contrast, the control antibody exhibited a tumor uptake of only 0.26 %ID/g, similar to that of muscle and fat. Tumor-specific targeting was evidenced by reduced tumor uptake of nearly 70% on administration of a 10-fold excess of unlabeled UA20 scFv. Kidney uptake was nonspecific, consistent with the route of excretion by scFvs. CONCLUSION The UA20 scFv showed rapid and specific internalization in prostate tumor cells in vitro and accumulation in prostate tumor xenografts in vivo, demonstrating the potential for future development for prostate cancer imaging and targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang He
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Center for Molecular and Functional Imaging, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.
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