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Taheri R, Mokhtari Y, Yousefi AM, Bashash D. The PI3K/Akt signaling axis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM): From mechanistic insights into possible therapeutic targets. Cell Biol Int 2024; 48:1049-1068. [PMID: 38812089 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an immensely debilitating chronic disease that progressively undermines the well-being of various bodily organs and, indeed, most patients succumb to the disease due to post-T2DM complications. Although there is evidence supporting the activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway by insulin, which is essential in regulating glucose metabolism and insulin resistance, the significance of this pathway in T2DM has only been explored in a few studies. The current review aims to unravel the mechanisms by which different classes of PI3Ks control the metabolism of glucose; and also to discuss the original data obtained from international research laboratories on this topic. We also summarized the role of the PI3K/Akt signaling axis in target tissues spanning from the skeletal muscle to the adipose tissue and liver. Furthermore, inquiries regarding the impact of disrupting this axis on insulin function and the development of insulin resistance have been addressed. We also provide a general overview of the association of impaired PI3K/Akt signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of the most prevalent diabetes-related complications. The last section provides a special focus on the therapeutic potential of this axis by outlining the latest advances in active compounds that alleviate diabetes via modulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Finally, we comment on the future research aspects in which the field of T2DM therapies using PI3K modulators might be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Taheri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yazdan Mokhtari
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir-Mohammad Yousefi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Nigam M, Devi K, Coutinho HDM, Mishra AP. Exploration of gut microbiome and inflammation: A review on key signalling pathways. Cell Signal 2024; 118:111140. [PMID: 38492625 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiome, a crucial component of the human system, is a diverse collection of microbes that belong to the gut of human beings as well as other animals. These microbial communities continue to coexist harmoniously with their host organisms and perform various functions that affect the host's general health. Each person's gut microbiota has a unique makeup. The gut microbiota is well acknowledged to have a part in the local as well as systemic inflammation that underlies a number of inflammatory disorders (e.g., atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and inflammatory bowel disease).The gut microbiota's metabolic products, such as short-chain fatty acids (butyrate, propionate, and acetate) inhibit inflammation by preventing immune system cells like macrophages and neutrophils from producing pro-inflammatory factors, which are triggered by the structural elements of bacteria (like lipopolysaccharide). The review's primary goal is to provide comprehensive and compiled data regarding the contribution of gut microbiota to inflammation and the associated signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Nigam
- Department of Biochemistry, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal 246174, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Kanchan Devi
- Department of Biochemistry, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal 246174, Uttarakhand, India
| | | | - Abhay Prakash Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa.
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3
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Sabbah DA, Hajjo R, Bardaweel SK, Zhong HA. Targeting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in anticancer research: a recent update on inhibitor design and clinical trials (2020-2023). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2024; 34:141-158. [PMID: 38557273 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2024.2338100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent years have witnessed great achievements in drug design and development targeting the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase-B (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway, a pathway central to cell growth and proliferation. The nearest neighbor protein-protein interaction networks for PI3K and AKT show the interplays between these target proteins which can be harnessed for drug discovery. In this review, we discuss the drug design and clinical development of inhibitors of PI3K/AKT in the past three years. We review in detail the structures, selectivity, efficacy, and combination therapy of 35 inhibitors targeting these proteins, classified based on the target proteins. Approaches to overcoming drug resistance and to minimizing toxicities are discussed. Future research directions for developing combinational therapy and PROTACs of PI3K and AKT inhibitors are also discussed. AREA COVERED This review covers clinical trial reports and patent literature on inhibitors of PI3K and AKT published between 2020 and 2023. EXPERT OPINION To address drug resistance and drug toxicity of inhibitors of PI3K and AKT, it is highly desirable to design and develop subtype-selective PI3K inhibitors or subtype-selective AKT1 inhibitors to minimize toxicity or to develop allosteric drugs that can form covalent bonds. The development of PROTACs of PI3Kα or AKT helps to reduce off-target toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dima A Sabbah
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Rima Hajjo
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- National Center for Epidemics and Communicable Disease Control (JCDC), Amman, Jordan
| | - Sanaa K Bardaweel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Haizhen A Zhong
- DSC 309, Department of Chemistry, The University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
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Tzenaki N, Xenou L, Goulielmaki E, Tsapara A, Voudouri I, Antoniou A, Valianatos G, Tzardi M, De Bree E, Berdiaki A, Makrigiannakis A, Papakonstanti EA. A combined opposite targeting of p110δ PI3K and RhoA abrogates skin cancer. Commun Biol 2024; 7:26. [PMID: 38182748 PMCID: PMC10770346 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05639-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the most aggressive and deadly skin cancer with an increasing incidence worldwide whereas SCC is the second most common non-melanoma human skin cancer with limited treatment options. Here we show that the development and metastasis of melanoma and SCC cancers can be blocked by a combined opposite targeting of RhoA and p110δ PI3K. We found that a targeted induction of RhoA activity into tumours by deletion of p190RhoGAP-a potent inhibitor of RhoA GTPase-in tumour cells together with adoptive macrophages transfer from δD910A/D910A mice in mice bearing tumours with active RhoA abrogated growth progression of melanoma and SCC tumours. Τhe efficacy of this combined treatment is the same in tumours lacking activating mutations in BRAF and in tumours harbouring the most frequent BRAF(V600E) mutation. Furthermore, the efficiency of this combined treatment is associated with decreased ATX expression in tumour cells and tumour stroma bypassing a positive feedback expression of ATX induced by direct ATX pharmacological inactivation. Together, our findings highlight the importance of targeting cancer cells and macrophages for skin cancer therapy, emerge a reverse link between ATX and RhoA and illustrate the benefit of p110δ PI3K inhibition as a combinatorial regimen for the treatment of skin cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Tzenaki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Lydia Xenou
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Evangelia Goulielmaki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Anna Tsapara
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Irene Voudouri
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Angelika Antoniou
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - George Valianatos
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Maria Tzardi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, University Hospital, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Eelco De Bree
- Department of Surgical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, University Hospital, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Berdiaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, University Hospital, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Antonios Makrigiannakis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, University Hospital, Heraklion, Greece
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Abdolrahmani M, Mirazi N, Hosseini A. Effect of Duvelisib, a Selective PI3K Inhibitor on Seizure Activity in Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Convulsions Animal Model. Neurosci Insights 2023; 18:26331055231198013. [PMID: 37720697 PMCID: PMC10503276 DOI: 10.1177/26331055231198013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological diseases, which is caused by abnormal brain activity. A wide variety of studies have shown the importance of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway in epilepsy pathogenesis. Duvelisib (DUV) is a selective inhibitor of PI3K. The present study investigated the anticonvulsant potential of DUV in a rat model of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced convulsions. Male Wistar rats (200-250 g, 8 weeks old) were injected intraperitoneally (IP) with DUV at different doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg, or vehicle 30 minutes prior to PTZ (70 mg/kg, IP) treatment. Based on Racine's scale, behavioral seizures were assessed. The results showed that pretreatment with DUV prolonged the seizure stages according to the Racine scale, significantly decreased the duration of general tonic-clonic seizure and reduced the number of myoclonic jerks (P < .05). In conclusion, we found that PI3K antagonist DUV significantly reduced PTZ-induced seizures, indicating that DUV exerts an anticonvulsant effect by inhibiting PI3K signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Abdolrahmani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Naser Mirazi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Abdolkarim Hosseini
- Department of Animal Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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Dall'Olmo L, Papa N, Surdo NC, Marigo I, Mocellin S. Alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH): biology, clinical relevance and implication in melanoma. J Transl Med 2023; 21:562. [PMID: 37608347 PMCID: PMC10463388 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04405-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and its receptor, melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), have been proposed as potential target for anti-cancer strategies in melanoma research, due to their tissue specific expression and involvement in melanocyte homeostasis. However, their role in prevention and treatment of melanoma is still debated and controversial. Although a large body of evidence supports α-MSH in preventing melanoma development, some preclinical findings suggest that the α-MSH downstream signalling may promote immune escape and cancer resistance to therapy. Additionally, in metastatic melanoma both MC1R and α-MSH have been reported to be overexpressed at levels much higher than normal cells. Furthermore, targeted therapy (e.g. BRAF inhibition in BRAFV600E mutant tumours) has been shown to enhance this phenomenon. Collectively, these data suggest that targeting MC1R could serve as an approach in the treatment of metastatic melanoma. In this review, we explore the molecular biology of α-MSH with particular emphasis into its tumor-related properties, whilst elaborating the experimental evidence currently available regarding the interplay between α-MSH/MC1R axis, melanoma and antitumor strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Dall'Olmo
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, Padua University, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy.
- Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV-IRCCS, 35128, Padua, Italy.
| | - Nicole Papa
- Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV-IRCCS, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Concetta Surdo
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 35121, Padua, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine VIMM, Foundation for Advanced Biomedical Research, 35129, Padua, Italy
| | - Ilaria Marigo
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, Padua University, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
- Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV-IRCCS, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Simone Mocellin
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, Padua University, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
- Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV-IRCCS, 35128, Padua, Italy
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Al Hasan M, Sabirianov M, Redwine G, Goettsch K, Yang SX, Zhong HA. Binding and selectivity studies of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors. J Mol Graph Model 2023; 121:108433. [PMID: 36812742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of the Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) proteins have been observed in cancer cells. Targeting the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling transduction pathway by inhibition of the PI3K substrate recognition sites has been proved to be an effective approach to block cancer progression. Many PI3K inhibitors have been developed. Seven drugs have been approved by the US FDA with a mechanism of targeting the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase-B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) signaling pathway. In this study, we used docking tools to investigate selective binding of ligands toward four different subtypes of PI3Ks (PI3Kα, PI3Kβ, PI3Kγ and PI3Kδ). The affinity predicted from both the Glide dock and the Movable-Type (MT)-based free energy calculations agreed well with the experimental data. The validation of our predicted methods with a large dataset of 147 ligands showed very small mean errors. We identified residues that may dictate the subtype-specific binding. Particularly, residues Asp964, Ser806, Lys890 and Thr886 of PI3Kγ might be utilized for PI3Kγ-selective inhibitor design. Residues Val828, Trp760, Glu826 and Tyr813 may be important for PI3Kδ-selective inhibitor binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Al Hasan
- DSC 309, Department of Chemistry, The University of Nebraska at Omaha, 6001 Dodge Street, Omaha, NE, 68182, USA
| | - Matthew Sabirianov
- DSC 309, Department of Chemistry, The University of Nebraska at Omaha, 6001 Dodge Street, Omaha, NE, 68182, USA
| | - Grace Redwine
- DSC 309, Department of Chemistry, The University of Nebraska at Omaha, 6001 Dodge Street, Omaha, NE, 68182, USA
| | - Kaitlin Goettsch
- DSC 309, Department of Chemistry, The University of Nebraska at Omaha, 6001 Dodge Street, Omaha, NE, 68182, USA
| | - Stephen X Yang
- Westlake High School, 100 Lakeview Canyon Rd, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91362, USA
| | - Haizhen A Zhong
- DSC 309, Department of Chemistry, The University of Nebraska at Omaha, 6001 Dodge Street, Omaha, NE, 68182, USA.
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Ismail M, Martin SR, George R, Houghton F, Kelly G, Chaleil RAG, Anastasiou P, Wang X, O'Reilly N, Federico S, Joshi D, Nagaraj H, Cooley R, Hui NS, Molina-Arcas M, Hancock DC, Tavassoli A, Downward J. Characterisation of a cyclic peptide that binds to the RAS binding domain of phosphoinositide 3-kinase p110α. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1889. [PMID: 36732563 PMCID: PMC9894841 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28756-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
P110α is a member of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) enzyme family that functions downstream of RAS. RAS proteins contribute to the activation of p110α by interacting directly with its RAS binding domain (RBD), resulting in the promotion of many cellular functions such as cell growth, proliferation and survival. Previous work from our lab has highlighted the importance of the p110α/RAS interaction in tumour initiation and growth. Here we report the discovery and characterisation of a cyclic peptide inhibitor (cyclo-CRVLIR) that interacts with the p110α-RBD and blocks its interaction with KRAS. cyclo-CRVLIR was discovered by screening a "split-intein cyclisation of peptides and proteins" (SICLOPPS) cyclic peptide library. The primary cyclic peptide hit from the screen initially showed a weak affinity for the p110α-RBD (Kd about 360 µM). However, two rounds of amino acid substitution led to cyclo-CRVLIR, with an improved affinity for p110α-RBD in the low µM (Kd 3 µM). We show that cyclo-CRVLIR binds selectively to the p110α-RBD but not to KRAS or the structurally-related RAF-RBD. Further, using biophysical, biochemical and cellular assays, we show that cyclo-CRVLIR effectively blocks the p110α/KRAS interaction in a dose dependent manner and reduces phospho-AKT levels in several oncogenic KRAS cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ismail
- Oncogene Biology Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Stephen R Martin
- Structural Biology, Science Technology Platforms, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Roger George
- Structural Biology, Science Technology Platforms, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Francesca Houghton
- Oncogene Biology Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Geoff Kelly
- Structural Biology, Science Technology Platforms, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Raphaël A G Chaleil
- Biomolecular Modelling Lab, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Panayiotis Anastasiou
- Oncogene Biology Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Xinyue Wang
- Oncogene Biology Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Nicola O'Reilly
- Peptide Chemistry, Science Technology Platforms, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Stefania Federico
- Peptide Chemistry, Science Technology Platforms, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Dhira Joshi
- Peptide Chemistry, Science Technology Platforms, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Hemavathi Nagaraj
- Peptide Chemistry, Science Technology Platforms, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Rachel Cooley
- Oncogene Biology Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Ning Sze Hui
- Oncogene Biology Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Miriam Molina-Arcas
- Oncogene Biology Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - David C Hancock
- Oncogene Biology Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Ali Tavassoli
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Julian Downward
- Oncogene Biology Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
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Seol MY, Choi SH, Lee IJ, Park HS, Kim HR, Kim SK, Yoon HI. Selective Inhibition of PI3K Isoforms in Brain Tumors Suppresses Tumor Growth by Increasing Radiosensitivity. Yonsei Med J 2023; 64:139-147. [PMID: 36719022 PMCID: PMC9892548 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2022.0414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma (GBM) is a malignant brain tumor with poor prognosis. Radioresistance is a major challenge in the treatment of brain tumors. The development of several types of tumors, including GBM, involves the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway. Upon activation, this pathway induces radioresistance. In this study, we investigated whether additional use of selective inhibitors of PI3K isoforms would enhance radiosensitivity in GBM. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated whether radiation combined with PI3K isoform selective inhibitors can suppress radioresistance in GBM. Glioma 261 expressing luciferase (GL261-luc) and LN229 were used to confirm the effect of combination of radiation and PI3K isoform inhibitors in vitro. Cell viability was confirmed by clonogenic assay, and inhibition of PI3K/AKT signaling activation was observed by Western blot. To confirm radiosensitivity, the expression of phospho-γ-H2AX was observed by immunofluorescence. In addition, to identify the effect of a combination of radiation and PI3K-α isoform inhibitor in vivo, an intracranial mouse model was established by implanting GL261-luc. Tumor growth was observed by IVIS imaging, and survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves. RESULTS Suppression of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway increased radiosensitivity, and PI3K-α inhibition had similar effects on PI3K-pan inhibition in vitro. The combination of radiotherapy and PI3K-α isoform inhibitor suppressed tumor growth and extended survival in vivo. CONCLUSION This study verified that PI3K-α isoform inhibition improves radiosensitivity, resulting in tumor growth suppression and extended survival in GBM mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Youn Seol
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Heavy Ion Therapy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seo Hee Choi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Heavy Ion Therapy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, Korea
| | - Ik Jae Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Heavy Ion Therapy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung Soon Park
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Ryun Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Kyum Kim
- Department of Pathology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong In Yoon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Heavy Ion Therapy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Masoud AG, Lin J, Zhu LF, Tao K, Ness NW, Kassiri Z, Moore RB, Vanhaesebroeck B, West L, Anderson CC, Oudit GY, Murray AG. Endothelial phosphoinositide 3-kinase-β inactivation confers protection from immune-mediated vascular injury. Am J Transplant 2023; 23:202-213. [PMID: 36804130 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2022.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Heart transplant and recipient survival are limited by immune cell-mediated injury of the graft vasculature. We examined the role of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase-β (PI3Kβ) isoform in endothelial cells (EC) during coronary vascular immune injury and repair in mice. In minor histocompatibility-antigen mismatched allogeneic heart grafts, a robust immune response was mounted to each wild-type, PI3Kβ inhibitor-treated, or endothelial-selective PI3Kβ knockout (ECβKO) graft transplanted to wild-type recipients. However, microvascular EC loss and progressive occlusive vasculopathy only developed in control, but not PI3Kβ-inactivated hearts. We observed a delay in inflammatory cell infiltration of the ECβKO grafts, particularly in the coronary arteries. Surprisingly, this was accompanied by an impaired display of proinflammatory chemokine and adhesion molecules by the ECβKO ECs. In vitro, tumor necrosis factor α-stimulated endothelial ICAM1 and VCAM1 expression was blocked by PI3Kβ inhibition or RNA interference. Selective PI3Kβ inhibition also blocked tumor necrosis factor α-stimulated degradation of inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa Bα and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B p65 in EC. These data identify PI3Kβ as a therapeutic target to reduce vascular inflammation and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Masoud
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Transplant Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jiaxin Lin
- Alberta Transplant Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lin F Zhu
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kesheng Tao
- Alberta Transplant Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nathan W Ness
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Transplant Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Zamaneh Kassiri
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ronald B Moore
- Alberta Transplant Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Lori West
- Alberta Transplant Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Colin C Anderson
- Alberta Transplant Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gavin Y Oudit
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, England, UK; Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Allan G Murray
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Transplant Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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11
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NFκB-Mediated Expression of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase δ Is Critical for Mesenchymal Transition in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020207. [PMID: 36672142 PMCID: PMC9857235 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a vital role in a variety of human diseases including proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), in which retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells play a key part. Transcriptomic analysis showed that the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway was up-regulated in human RPE cells upon treatment with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2, a multifunctional cytokine associated with clinical PVR. Stimulation of human RPE cells with TGF-β2 induced expression of p110δ (the catalytic subunit of PI3Kδ) and activation of NFκB/p65. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated depletion of p110δ or NFκB/p65 suppressed TGF-β2-induced fibronectin expression and activation of Akt as well as migration of these cells. Intriguingly, abrogating expression of NFκB/p65 also blocked TGF-β2-induced expression of p110δ, and luciferase reporter assay indicated that TGF-β2 induced NFκB/p65 binding to the promoter of the PIK3CD that encodes p110δ. These data reveal that NFκB/p65-mediated expression of PI3Kδ is essential in human RPE cells for TGF-β2-induced EMT, uncovering hindrance of TGF-β2-induced expression of p110δ as a novel approach to inhibit PVR.
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Gordon MJ, Smith MR, Nastoupil LJ. Follicular lymphoma: The long and winding road leading to your cure? Blood Rev 2023; 57:100992. [PMID: 35908982 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2022.100992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Follicular lymphoma, the most common indolent lymphoma, though highly responsive to therapy is coupled with multiple relapses for the majority of patients. Advances in biologic understanding of molecular events in lymphoma cells and the tumor microenvironment, along with novel cellular and targeted therapies, suggest this may soon change. Here we first review the development of the molecular concepts and classification of follicular lymphoma, along with therapeutic development of treatments based on chemotherapy plus monoclonal antibodies targeting CD20. We then focus on developments over the last decade in further defining follicular lymphoma pathophysiology, leading to targeted therapeutics, as well as novel immunotherapeutic strategies effective against B cell lymphomas including follicular, particularly patients with advanced stage disease. Additional alterations beyond the hallmark t(14;18) translocation are necessary for development of follicular lymphoma. Epigenetic mutations are almost universally identified in follicular lymphoma, most commonly involving histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2D (KMT2D, the histone acetyltransferases, cAMP response element-binding protein binding protein (CREBBP) and E1A binding protein P300 (EP300) and the histone methyltransferase enhancer of zeste homologue 2 (EZH2). Mutations are also commonly identified in other proliferation/survival pathways such as B-cell receptor, RAS, mTOR and JAK-STAT pathways, as well as immune escape mutations. The host immune response plays a key role as well, based on studies correlating various immune cell subsets and gene expression signatures with outcomes. Over the last decade, many therapeutic options beyond the commonly used bendamustine-rituximab induction regimen have become available or are being investigated. We focus on these newer agents in the relapsed setting. New antibody-based agents include the naked CD19 directed antibody tafasitamab, the CD79b directed antibody drug conjugate (ADC) polatuzumab vedotin and the CD47 directed antibody magrolimab that targets macrophages rather than FL cells directly. Immune modulation by lenalidomide has moved to earlier lines of therapy and in combinations. Several small molecule inhibitors of proliferation signal pathways involving PI3kinase and BTK have activity against FL. Apoptotic pathway modulators also have activity. With increasing recognition of the high rate of epigenetic mutations in FL, HDAC inhibition has a role. More importantly, the EZH2 inhibitor tazemetostat is FDA approved for FL after 2 prior lines of therapy. The most exciting data currently involve immune attack against follicular lymphoma by chimeric antigen receptor T-cells (CART) or bispecific antibody constructs. Given these multiple potentially non-crossreactive mechanisms, studies of rationally designed combination strategies hold the promise of improving outcomes and possibly cure of follicular lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max J Gordon
- Dept. of Lymphoma & Myeloma, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Liu F, Xu J, Yang R, Liu S, Hu S, Yan M, Han F. New light on treatment of cervical cancer: Chinese medicine monomers can be effective for cervical cancer by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 157:114084. [PMID: 36481407 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC), as the most common malignant tumor of the female reproductive system, is infamous for its high morbidity and mortality rates. Its development and metastasis are intricate because numerous signaling pathways are involved. Since the cancer and the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway are closely intertwined, direct inhibition of either the PI3K/Akt pathway or its target genes and molecules may be remarkably constructive for treatment. Albeit remarkable advances in the treatment of CC, existing common anti-cancer medications are not without problems. These problems include myelotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, genotoxicity, and vasospasm, which are the most common and well-recognized toxicities associated with these medications. Therefore, it is necessary and urgent to develop novel, potent, secure, and more reasonably priced anticancer medications that are void of the above problems. Against this backdrop, Chinese medicine monomers have received more attention in recent years owing to their safety, low toxicity, few side effects, and anti-tumor properties. By regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, Chinese medicine monomers are effective not only in inhibiting CC growth, proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, migration, and reversing drug resistance but also in a variety of targets. Most previous earlier studies focused on the use of a single traditional Chinese medicine monomer to treat CC by regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway rather than a combination of several such monomers. More importantly, to our knowledge, there has hardly been any study providing an exhaustive and comprehensive review of all the Chinese medicine monomers at CC. In response to this scarcity, we attempt in this paper to provide a comprehensive review of all the literature to date on traditional Chinese medicine monomers at cervical cancer, highlight the mechanisms and future prospects for their use in the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Liu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jiayue Xu
- Xi'an Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Shaoxuan Liu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Siya Hu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Mengyu Yan
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Fengjuan Han
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China.
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Basta MD, Menko AS, Walker JL. PI3K Isoform-Specific Regulation of Leader and Follower Cell Function for Collective Migration and Proliferation in Response to Injury. Cells 2022; 11:3515. [PMID: 36359913 PMCID: PMC9658457 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To ensure proper wound healing it is important to elucidate the signaling cues that coordinate leader and follower cell behavior to promote collective migration and proliferation for wound healing in response to injury. Using an ex vivo post-cataract surgery wound healing model we investigated the role of class I phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) isoforms in this process. Our findings revealed a specific role for p110α signaling independent of Akt for promoting the collective migration and proliferation of the epithelium for wound closure. In addition, we found an important role for p110α signaling in orchestrating proper polarized cytoskeletal organization within both leader and wounded epithelial follower cells to coordinate their function for wound healing. p110α was necessary to signal the formation and persistence of vimentin rich-lamellipodia extensions by leader cells and the reorganization of actomyosin into stress fibers along the basal domains of the wounded lens epithelial follower cells for movement. Together, our study reveals a critical role for p110α in the collective migration of an epithelium in response to wounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan D. Basta
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - A. Sue Menko
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Janice L. Walker
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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15
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Zheng S, Xue T, Wang B, Guo H, Liu Q. Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis: The Mechanisms of Signaling Pathway Regulations. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 50:1781-1798. [PMID: 35950375 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x22500756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a common clinical inflammatory bowel disease characterized by repeated attacks, difficult treatment, and great harm to the physical and mental health of the patients. The occurrence and development of UC were closely related to the physiological and pathological processes, such as intestinal inflammatory reaction, oxidizing reaction, and immune response. Treatment of ulcerative colitis using Western medicine is often associated with a number of limitations and adverse events. There is a long history of using traditional Chinese medicine in dealing with this medical condition. Commonly used traditional Chinese medicines for the treatment of UC include Caulis Sargentodoxae, Flos Lonicerae, Fructus Cnidii, etc. Additionally, classic prescriptions such as Gegen Qinlian Formulae and Zuojin Pills can also be used to treat UC. To enrich the traditional Chinese medicine theory, the cognitive theory and perspective of network pharmacology and bioinformatics research of cell signal transduction mechanism of UC are emerging rapidly. Modern pharmacological studies focus on underlying mechanisms for the management of UC with Chinese medicine monomers, single Chinese medicines, and traditional Chinese medicine formulations, alleviating the symptoms of UC, controlling the development of intestinal inflammation, and restoring intestinal function through the regulation of key molecular signaling pathways, including PI3K/Akt, NF-[Formula: see text]B, JAK/STAT, MAPK and Notch. By summarizing current research progressions, this review provides key references for the in-depth exploration of the mechanisms focused on signaling pathways for the clinical management of UC using traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihao Zheng
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, P. R. China
| | - Tianyu Xue
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, P. R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, P. R. China
| | - Haolin Guo
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, P. R. China
| | - Qiquan Liu
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, P. R. China
- Department of Spleen and Stomach, First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050011, P. R. China
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16
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Xiao H, Sun X, Lin Z, Yang Y, Zhang M, Xu Z, Liu P, Liu Z, Huang H. Gentiopicroside targets PAQR3 to activate the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and ameliorate disordered glucose and lipid metabolism. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:2887-2904. [PMID: 35755276 PMCID: PMC9214054 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The obstruction of post-insulin receptor signaling is the main mechanism of insulin-resistant diabetes. Progestin and adipoQ receptor 3 (PAQR3), a key regulator of inflammation and metabolism, can negatively regulate the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Here, we report that gentiopicroside (GPS), the main bioactive secoiridoid glycoside of Gentiana manshurica Kitagawa, decreased lipid synthesis and increased glucose utilization in palmitic acid (PA) treated HepG2 cells. Additionally, GPS improved glycolipid metabolism in streptozotocin (STZ) treated high-fat diet (HFD)-induced diabetic mice. Our findings revealed that GPS promoted the activation of the PI3K/AKT axis by facilitating DNA-binding protein 2 (DDB2)-mediated PAQR3 ubiquitinated degradation. Moreover, results of surface plasmon resonance (SPR), microscale thermophoresis (MST) and thermal shift assay (TSA) indicated that GPS directly binds to PAQR3. Results of molecular docking and cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) revealed that GPS directly bound to the amino acids of the PAQR3 NH2-terminus including Leu40, Asp42, Glu69, Tyr125 and Ser129, and spatially inhibited the interaction between PAQR3 and the PI3K catalytic subunit (P110α) to restore the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. In summary, our study identified GPS, which inhibits PAQR3 expression and directly targets PAQR3 to restore insulin signaling pathway, as a potential drug candidate for the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Xiao
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaohong Sun
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zeyuan Lin
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhanchi Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Peiqing Liu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Heqing Huang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Corresponding authors.
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17
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Wen Z, Lin S, Li C, Ouyang Z, Chen Z, Li S, Huang Y, Luo W, Zheng Z, Guo P, Kuang M, Ding Y. MiR-92a/KLF4/p110δ regulates titanium particles-induced macrophages inflammation and osteolysis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:197. [PMID: 35418181 PMCID: PMC9007998 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00999-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
As total joint replacement is widely applied for severe arthropathy, peri-prosthetic aseptic loosening as one of the main causes of implant failure has drawn wide attention. Wear particles such as titanium particles (TiPs) derived from prosthesis can initiate macrophages inflammation and sequentially activate osteoclasts, which results in bone resorption and osteolysis for long-term. Therefore, inhibiting wear particles induced macrophages inflammation is considered as a promising therapy for AL. In this research, we found that the inhibition of p110δ, a member of class IA PI3Ks family, could significantly dampen the TiPs-induced secretion of TNFα and IL-6. By the transfection of siRNA targeting p110δ, we confirmed that p110δ was responsible for TNFα and IL-6 trafficking out of Golgi complex without affecting their expression in TiPs-treated macrophages. As the upstream transcription-repressor of p110δ, Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), targeted by miR-92a, could also attenuate TiPs-induced inflammation by mediating NF-κB pathway and M1/M2 polarization. To further ascertain the roles of KLF4/p110δ, TiPs-induced mice cranial osteolysis model was established and vivo experiments validated that KLF4-knockdown could exacerbate TiPs-induced osteolysis, which was strikingly ameliorated by knockdown of p110δ. In summary, our study suggests the key role of miR-92a/KLF4/p110δ signal in TiPs-induced macrophages inflammation and osteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenkang Wen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sipeng Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changchuan Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuji Ouyang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shixun Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxi Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenqiang Luo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongcan Zheng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peidong Guo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Manyuan Kuang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Ding
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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18
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Galvão I, Sousa LP, Teixeira MM, Pinho V. PI3K Isoforms in Cell Signalling and Innate Immune Cell Responses. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2022; 436:147-164. [PMID: 36243843 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-06566-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide-3-kinases (PI3Ks) are enzymes involved in signalling and modification of the function of all mammalian cells. These enzymes phosphorylate the 3-hydroxyl group of the inositol ring of phosphatidylinositol, resulting in lipid products that act as second messengers responsible for coordinating many cellular functions, including activation, chemotaxis, proliferation and survival. The identification of the functions that are mediated by a specific PI3K isoform is complex and depends on the specific cell type and inflammatory context. In this chapter we will focus on the role of PI3K isoforms in the context of innate immunity, focusing on the mechanisms by which PI3K signalling regulates phagocytosis, the activation of immunoglobulin, chemokine and cytokines receptors, production of ROS and cell migration, and how PI3K signalling plays a central role in host defence against infections and tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Galvão
- Immunopharmacology Laboratory, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Resolution of Inflammation Laboratory, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lirlândia P Sousa
- Signalling in Inflammation Laboratory, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mauro M Teixeira
- Immunopharmacology Laboratory, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Pinho
- Resolution of Inflammation Laboratory, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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19
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Segraves NL, Koenig SG, Stults J, Ma S, DiPasquale AG, Robinson SJ, Russell DJ. Challenges in the structure determination of a dimeric impurity found during development of GDC-0326. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 213:114627. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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An Overview of Class II Phosphoinositide 3-Kinases. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2022; 436:51-68. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-06566-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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21
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Schrottmaier WC, Mussbacher M, Salzmann M, Kral-Pointner JB, Assinger A. PI3K Isoform Signalling in Platelets. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2022; 436:255-285. [PMID: 36243848 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-06566-8_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Platelets are unique anucleated blood cells that constantly patrol the vasculature to seal and prevent injuries in a process termed haemostasis. Thereby they rapidly adhere to the subendothelial matrix and recruit further platelets, resulting in platelet aggregates. Apart from their central role in haemostasis, they also kept some of their features inherited by their evolutionary ancestor-the haemocyte, which was also involved in immune defences. Together with leukocytes, platelets fight pathogenic invaders and guide many immune processes. In addition, they rely on several signalling pathways which are also relevant to immune cells. Among these, one of the central signalling hubs is the PI3K pathway. Signalling processes in platelets are unique as they lack a nucleus and therefore transcriptional regulation is absent. As a result, PI3K subclasses fulfil distinct roles in platelets compared to other cells. In contrast to leukocytes, the central PI3K subclass in platelet signalling is PI3K class Iβ, which underlines the uniqueness of this cell type and opens new ways for potential platelet-specific pharmacologic inhibition. An overview of platelet function and signalling with emphasis on PI3K subclasses and their respective inhibitors is given in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waltraud C Schrottmaier
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Centre of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marion Mussbacher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, USA
| | - Manuel Salzmann
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia B Kral-Pointner
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alice Assinger
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Centre of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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22
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Cameron B, Zaheer SA, Dominguez-Villar M. Control of CD4+ T Cell Differentiation and Function by PI3K Isoforms. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2022; 436:197-216. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-06566-8_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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23
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Cryo-EM structures of PI3Kα reveal conformational changes during inhibition and activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2109327118. [PMID: 34725156 PMCID: PMC8609346 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2109327118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are of critical importance in cell signaling and can function as drivers of disease. Information on the PI3K structure is essential for an understanding of the function of these proteins and for the identification of specific and effective small-molecule inhibitors. Here we present a single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) analysis of PI3Kα, the dimer consisting of the p110α catalytic subunit bound to the p85α regulatory subunit. We investigated three conformational states of PI3Kα: the unbound dimer, the dimer bound to the isoform-specific inhibitor BYL-719, and the dimer associated with an activating phosphopeptide. Each of these conformations reveals specific structural features that provide insights into conformation-associated functions. Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are lipid kinases essential for growth and metabolism. Their aberrant activation is associated with many types of cancers. Here we used single-particle cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) to determine three distinct conformations of full-length PI3Kα (p110α–p85α): the unliganded heterodimer PI3Kα, PI3Kα bound to the p110α-specific inhibitor BYL-719, and PI3Kα exposed to an activating phosphopeptide. The cryo-EM structures of unbound and of BYL-719–bound PI3Kα are in general accord with published crystal structures. Local deviations are presented and discussed. BYL-719 stabilizes the structure of PI3Kα, but three regions of low-resolution extra density remain and are provisionally assigned to the cSH2, BH, and SH3 domains of p85. One of the extra density regions is in contact with the kinase domain blocking access to the catalytic site. This conformational change indicates that the effects of BYL-719 on PI3Kα activity extend beyond competition with adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In unliganded PI3Kα, the DFG motif occurs in the “in” and “out” positions. In BYL-719–bound PI3Kα, only the DFG-in position, corresponding to the active conformation of the kinase, was observed. The phosphopeptide-bound structure of PI3Kα is composed of a stable core resolved at 3.8 Å. It contains all p110α domains except the adaptor-binding domain (ABD). The p85α domains, linked to the core through the ABD, are no longer resolved, implying that the phosphopeptide activates PI3Kα by fully releasing the niSH2 domain from binding to p110α. The structures presented here show the basal form of the full-length PI3Kα dimer and document conformational changes related to the activated and inhibited states.
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Bellenie BR, Hall E, Bruce I, Spendiff M, Culshaw A, McDonald S, Ambarkhane A, Chinn C, Thomas M, Rosner E, Bracher M, Nicklin P, Marshall S, Coote J, Cullen E, Tessier C, Wuersch K, Lal A, Wallis G, Hollingworth GJ, Neef J. Discovery and Toxicological Profiling of Aminopyridines as Orally Bioavailable Selective Inhibitors of PI3-Kinase γ. J Med Chem 2021; 64:12304-12321. [PMID: 34384024 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Using a novel physiologically relevant in vitro human whole blood neutrophil shape change assay, an aminopyrazine series of selective PI3Kγ inhibitors was identified and prioritized for further optimization. Severe solubility limitations associated with the series leading to low oral bioavailability and poor exposures, especially at higher doses, were overcome by moving to an aminopyridine core. Compound 33, with the optimal balance of on-target activity, selectivity, and pharmacokinetic parameters, progressed into in vivo studies and demonstrated good efficacy (10 mg/kg) in a rat model of airway inflammation. Sufficient exposures were achieved at high doses to support toxicological studies, where unexpected inflammatory cell infiltrates in cardiovascular tissue prevented further compound development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Bellenie
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Centre, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, U.K
| | - Edward Hall
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ian Bruce
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Centre, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, U.K
| | - Matthew Spendiff
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Centre, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, U.K
| | - Andrew Culshaw
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Centre, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, U.K
| | - Sarah McDonald
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Centre, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, U.K
| | - Ameet Ambarkhane
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Centre, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, U.K
| | - Colin Chinn
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Centre, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, U.K
| | - Matthew Thomas
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Centre, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, U.K
| | - Elisabeth Rosner
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Centre, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, U.K
| | - Marguerite Bracher
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Centre, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, U.K
| | - Paul Nicklin
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Centre, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, U.K
| | - Stephen Marshall
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Centre, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, U.K
| | - Julie Coote
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Centre, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, U.K
| | - Eva Cullen
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Centre, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, U.K
| | - Clemence Tessier
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kuno Wuersch
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ajay Lal
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Gillian Wallis
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Centre, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, U.K
| | - Gregory J Hollingworth
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - James Neef
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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25
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Phosphorylation of RCC1 on Serine 11 Facilitates G1/S Transition in HPV E7-Expressing Cells. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11070995. [PMID: 34356619 PMCID: PMC8301946 DOI: 10.3390/biom11070995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent infection of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) plays a causal role in cervical cancer. Regulator of chromosome condensation 1 (RCC1) is a critical cell cycle regulator, which undergoes a few post-translational modifications including phosphorylation. Here, we showed that serine 11 (S11) of RCC1 was phosphorylated in HPV E7-expressing cells. However, S11 phosphorylation was not up-regulated by CDK1 in E7-expressing cells; instead, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway promoted S11 phosphorylation. Knockdown of AKT or inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway down-regulated phosphorylation of RCC1 S11. Furthermore, S11 phosphorylation occurred throughout the cell cycle, and reached its peak during the mitosis phase. Our previous data proved that RCC1 was necessary for the G1/S cell cycle progression, and in the present study we showed that the RCC1 mutant, in which S11 was mutated to alanine (S11A) to mimic non-phosphorylation status, lost the ability to facilitate G1/S transition in E7-expressing cells. Moreover, RCC1 S11 was phosphorylated by the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in HPV-positive cervical cancer SiHa and HeLa cells. We conclude that S11 of RCC1 is phosphorylated by the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and phosphorylation of RCC1 S11 facilitates the abrogation of G1 checkpoint in HPV E7-expressing cells. In short, our study explores a new role of RCC1 S11 phosphorylation in cell cycle regulation.
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26
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Perry MWD, Björhall K, Bold P, Brűlls M, Börjesson U, Carlsson J, Chang HFA, Chen Y, Eriksson A, Fihn BM, Fransson R, Fredlund L, Ge H, Huang H, Karabelas K, Lamm Bergström E, Lever S, Lindmark H, Mogemark M, Nikitidis A, Palmgren AP, Pemberton N, Petersen J, Rodrigo Blomqvist M, Smith RW, Thomas MJ, Ullah V, Tyrchan C, Wennberg T, Westin Eriksson A, Yang W, Zhao S, Öster L. Discovery of AZD8154, a Dual PI3Kγδ Inhibitor for the Treatment of Asthma. J Med Chem 2021; 64:8053-8075. [PMID: 34080862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Starting from our previously described PI3Kγ inhibitors, we describe the exploration of structure-activity relationships that led to the discovery of highly potent dual PI3Kγδ inhibitors. We explored changes in two positions of the molecules, including macrocyclization, but ultimately identified a simpler series with the desired potency profile that had suitable physicochemical properties for inhalation. We were able to demonstrate efficacy in a rat ovalbumin challenge model of allergic asthma and in cells derived from asthmatic patients. The optimized compound, AZD8154, has a long duration of action in the lung and low systemic exposure coupled with high selectivity against off-targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W D Perry
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology (R&I), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Karin Björhall
- Bioscience COPD/IPF, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology (R&I), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Peter Bold
- DMPK, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology (R&I), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Mikael Brűlls
- Early Product Development & Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Sciences R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Ulf Börjesson
- Computational Chemistry, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Johan Carlsson
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Hui-Fang Amy Chang
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology (R&I), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Yunhua Chen
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., No. 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, P.R. China
| | - Anders Eriksson
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology (R&I), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Britt-Marie Fihn
- DMPK, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology (R&I), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Rebecca Fransson
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Linda Fredlund
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Hongbin Ge
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., No. 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, P.R. China
| | - Haijuan Huang
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., No. 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, P.R. China
| | - Kostas Karabelas
- Projects, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology (R&I), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Eva Lamm Bergström
- DMPK, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology (R&I), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Sarah Lever
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology (R&I), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Helena Lindmark
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Mickael Mogemark
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology (R&I), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Antonios Nikitidis
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology (R&I), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Anna-Pia Palmgren
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology (R&I), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Nils Pemberton
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology (R&I), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Jens Petersen
- Structure & Biophysics, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Mio Rodrigo Blomqvist
- Bioscience Cough and In Vivo, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology (R&I), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Reed W Smith
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology (R&I), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Matthew J Thomas
- Bioscience COPD/IPF, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology (R&I), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Victoria Ullah
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology (R&I), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Christian Tyrchan
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology (R&I), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Tiiu Wennberg
- Bioscience COPD/IPF, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology (R&I), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Annika Westin Eriksson
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Wenzhen Yang
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., No. 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, P.R. China
| | - Shuchun Zhao
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., No. 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, P.R. China
| | - Linda Öster
- Structure & Biophysics, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
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27
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Liu K, Li D, Zheng W, Shi M, Chen Y, Tang M, Yang T, Zhao M, Deng D, Zhang C, Liu J, Yuan X, Yang Z, Chen L. Discovery, Optimization, and Evaluation of Quinazolinone Derivatives with Novel Linkers as Orally Efficacious Phosphoinositide-3-Kinase Delta Inhibitors for Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases. J Med Chem 2021; 64:8951-8970. [PMID: 34138567 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Guided by molecular docking, a commonly used open-chain linker was cyclized into a five-membered pyrrolidine to lock the overall conformation of the propeller-shaped molecule. Different substituents were introduced into the pyrrolidine moiety to block oxidative metabolism. Surprisingly, it was found that a small methyl substituent could be used to alleviate the oxidative metabolism of pyrrolidine while maintaining or enhancing potency, which could be described as a "magic methyl". Further optimization around the "3rd blade" of the propeller led to identification of a series of potent and selective PI3Kδ inhibitors. Among them, compound 50 afforded an optimum balance of PK profiles and potency. Oral administration of 50 attenuated the arthritis severity in a dose-dependent manner in a collagen-induced arthritis model without obvious toxicity. Furthermore, 50 demonstrated excellent pharmacokinetic properties with high bioavailability, suggesting that 50 might be an acceptable candidate for treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kongjun Liu
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dan Li
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mingsong Shi
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Minghai Tang
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dexin Deng
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chufeng Zhang
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xue Yuan
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhuang Yang
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China.,Chengdu Zenitar Biomedical Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China.,Chengdu Zenitar Biomedical Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610041, China
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28
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Sabbah DA, Hajjo R, Bardaweel SK, Zhong HA. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors: a recent update on inhibitor design and clinical trials (2016-2020). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2021; 31:877-892. [PMID: 33970742 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2021.1924150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase-B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) signaling pathway plays a central role in regulating cell growth and proliferation and thus has been considered as effective anticancer drug targets. Many PI3K inhibitors have been developed and progressed to various stages of clinical trials, and some have been approved as anticancer treatment. In this review, we discuss the drug design and clinical development of PI3K inhibitors over the past 4 years. We review the selectivity and potency of 47 PI3K inhibitors. Structural determinants for increasing selectivity toward PI3K subtype-selectivity or mutant selectivity are discussed. Future research direction and current clinical development in combination therapy of inhibitors involved in PI3Ks are also discussed.Area covered: This review covers clinical trial reports and patent literature on PI3K inhibitors and their selectivity published between 2016 and 2020.Expert opinion: To PI3Kα mutants (E542K, E545K, and H1047R), it is highly desirable to design and develop mutant-specific PI3K inhibitors. It is also necessary to develop subtype-selective PI3Kα inhibitors to minimize toxicity. To reduce drug resistance and to improve efficacy, future studies should include combination therapy of PI3K inhibitors with existing anticancer drugs from different pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dima A Sabbah
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Rima Hajjo
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Sanaa K Bardaweel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Haizhen A Zhong
- DSC 362, Department of Chemistry, The University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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29
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Targeting phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase-β and -δ for Bruton tyrosine kinase resistance in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Blood Adv 2021; 4:4382-4392. [PMID: 32926124 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020001685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma; 40% of patients relapse after a complete response or are refractory to therapy. To survive, the activated B-cell (ABC) subtype of DLBCL relies upon B-cell receptor signaling, which can be modulated by the activity of Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK). Targeting BTK with ibrutinib, an inhibitor, provides a therapeutic approach for this subtype of DLBCL. However, non-Hodgkin lymphoma is often resistant to ibrutinib or acquires resistance soon after exposure. We explored how this resistance develops. We generated 3 isogenic ibrutinib-resistant DLBCL cell lines and investigated the deregulated pathways known to be associated with tumorigenic properties. Reduced levels of BTK and enhanced phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling were hallmarks of these ibrutinib-resistant cells. Upregulation of PI3K-β expression was demonstrated to drive resistance in ibrutinib-resistant cells, and resistance was reversed by the blocking activity of PI3K-β/δ. Treatment with the selective PI3K-β/δ dual inhibitor KA2237 reduced both tumorigenic properties and survival-based PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling of these ibrutinib-resistant cells. In addition, combining KA2237 with currently available chemotherapeutic agents synergistically inhibited metabolic growth. This study elucidates the compensatory upregulated PI3K/AKT axis that emerges in ibrutinib-resistant cells.
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30
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Herraiz C, Martínez-Vicente I, Maresca V. The α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone/melanocortin-1 receptor interaction: A driver of pleiotropic effects beyond pigmentation. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2021; 34:748-761. [PMID: 33884776 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Melanocortin-1 Receptor (MC1R), when stimulated by alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), is a driver of eumelanogenesis. Brown/black eumelanin is an effective filter against ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and is a scavenger of free radicals. Several polymorphic variants of MC1R are frequent in red-head people. These polymorphisms reduce the ability of MC1R to promote eumelanogenesis after its activation and spontaneous pheomelanogenesis take place. Since pheomelanin can act as an endogenous photosensitizer, people carrying MC1R polymorphisms are more susceptible to skin cancer. Here, we summarize current knowledge on the biology of MC1R beyond its ability to drive eumelanogenesis. We analyze its capacity to cope with oxidative insult and consequent DNA damage. We describe its ability to transduce through different pathways. We start from the canonical pathway, the cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) pathway mainly involved in promoting eumelanogenesis, and protection from oxidative damage, and we then move on to describe more recent knowledge concerning ERK pathways, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway/AKT, and α-MSH/Peroxisome proliferators activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) connection. We describe MC1R polymorphic variants associated with melanoma risk which represent an open window of clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Herraiz
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia and Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Idoya Martínez-Vicente
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia and Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Vittoria Maresca
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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31
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Deng S, Jin P, Sherchan P, Liu S, Cui Y, Huang L, Zhang JH, Gong Y, Tang J. Recombinant CCL17-dependent CCR4 activation alleviates neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis through the PI3K/AKT/Foxo1 signaling pathway after ICH in mice. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:62. [PMID: 33648537 PMCID: PMC7923481 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02112-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), a devastating subtype of stroke, is associated with high mortality and morbidity. Neuroinflammation is an important factor leading to ICH-induced neurological injuries. C-C Chemokine Receptor 4 (CCR4) plays an important role in enhancing hematoma clearance after ICH. However, it is unclear whether CCR4 activation can ameliorate neuroinflammation and apoptosis of neurons following ICH. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of recombinant CCL17 (rCCL17)-dependent CCR4 activation on neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis in an intrastriatal autologous blood injection ICH model, and to determine whether the PI3K/AKT/Foxo1 signaling pathway was involved. Methods Two hundred twenty-six adult (8-week-old) male CD1 mice were randomly assigned to sham and ICH surgery groups. An intrastriatal autologous blood injection ICH model was used. rCCL17, a CCR4 ligand, was delivered by intranasal administration at 1 h, 3 h, and 6 h post-ICH. CCL17 antibody was administrated by intraventricular injection at 1 h post-ICH. C021, a specific inhibitor of CCR4 and GDC0068, an AKT inhibitor were delivered intraperitoneally 1 h prior to ICH induction. Brain edema, neurobehavioral assessments, western blotting, Fluoro-Jade C staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling, and immunofluorescence staining were conducted. Results Endogenous expression of CCL17 and CCR4 were increased following ICH, peaking at 5 days post-induction. CCR4 was found to co-localize with microglia, neurons, and astrocytes. rCCL17 treatment decreased brain water content, attenuated short- and long-term neurological deficits, deceased activation of microglia/macrophages and infiltration of neutrophils, and inhibited neuronal apoptosis in the perihematomal region post-ICH. Moreover, rCCL17 treatment post-ICH significantly increased the expression of CCR4, PI3K, phosphorylated AKT, and Bcl-2, while Foxo1, IL-1β, TNF-α, and Bax expression were decreased. The neuroprotective effects of rCCL17 were reversed with the administration of C021 or GDC0068. Conclusions rCCL17-dependent CCR4 activation ameliorated neurological deficits, reduced brain edema, and ameliorated neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis, at least in part, through the PI3K/AKT/Foxo1 signaling pathway after ICH. Thus, activation of CCR4 may provide a promising therapeutic approach for the early management of ICH. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-021-02112-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuixiang Deng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, HuaShan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 middle WuLuMuQi, Shanghai, 200040, China.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Neuroscience Research, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Risley Hall, Room 219, 11041 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Peng Jin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, HuaShan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 middle WuLuMuQi, Shanghai, 200040, China.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Neuroscience Research, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Risley Hall, Room 219, 11041 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Prativa Sherchan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Neuroscience Research, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Risley Hall, Room 219, 11041 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Shengpeng Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Neuroscience Research, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Risley Hall, Room 219, 11041 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuhui Cui
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Neuroscience Research, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Risley Hall, Room 219, 11041 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Neuroscience Research, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Risley Hall, Room 219, 11041 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Ye Gong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, HuaShan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 middle WuLuMuQi, Shanghai, 200040, China. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Neuroscience Research, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Risley Hall, Room 219, 11041 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA.
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Martins AC, Ke T, Bowman AB, Aschner M. New insights on mechanisms underlying methylmercury-induced and manganese-induced neurotoxicity. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2021; 25:30-35. [PMID: 33898886 PMCID: PMC8061890 DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Toxic and essential elements are widely distributed in the Earth's crust and individuals may be exposed to several of them. Indeed, exposure to toxic elements such as mercury (Hg) can be a potential health risk factor of health, mainly by ingestion of fish containing methylmercury (MeHg). On the other hand, essential elements such as manganese (Mn) play an important role in physiological process in human body. However, Mn overexposure may cause toxic effects. In this respect, the neurotoxic effects of MeHg and Mn on the developing brain are well recognized. Therefore, in this critical review, we address the effects of MeHg and Mn on cell signaling pathways which may contribute to molecular mechanisms involved in MeHg- and Mn-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airton C Martins
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Tao Ke
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Aaron B Bowman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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Zhang M, Jang H, Nussinov R. PI3K Driver Mutations: A Biophysical Membrane-Centric Perspective. Cancer Res 2021; 81:237-247. [PMID: 33046444 PMCID: PMC7855922 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-0911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ras activates its effectors at the membrane. Active PI3Kα and its associated kinases/phosphatases assemble at membrane regions enriched in signaling lipids. In contrast, the Raf kinase domain extends into the cytoplasm and its assembly is away from the crowded membrane surface. Our structural membrane-centric outlook underscores the spatiotemporal principles of membrane and signaling lipids, which helps clarify PI3Kα activation. Here we focus on mechanisms of activation driven by PI3Kα driver mutations, spotlighting the PI3Kα double (multiple) activating mutations. Single mutations can be potent, but double mutations are stronger: their combination is specific, a single strong driver cannot fully activate PI3K, and two weak drivers may or may not do so. In contrast, two strong drivers may successfully activate PI3K, where one, for example, H1047R, modulates membrane interactions facilitating substrate binding at the active site (km) and the other, for example, E542K and E545K, reduces the transition state barrier (ka), releasing autoinhibition by nSH2. Although mostly unidentified, weak drivers are expected to be common, so we ask here how common double mutations are likely to be and why PI3Kα with double mutations responds effectively to inhibitors. We provide a structural view of hotspot and weak driver mutations in PI3Kα activation, explain their mechanisms, compare these with mechanisms of Raf activation, and point to targeting cell-specific, chromatin-accessible, and parallel (or redundant) pathways to thwart the expected emergence of drug resistance. Collectively, our biophysical outlook delineates activation and highlights the challenges of drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhen Zhang
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Hyunbum Jang
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Ruth Nussinov
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland.
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Kono Y, Colley T, To M, Papaioannou AI, Mercado N, Baker JR, To Y, Abe S, Haruki K, Ito K, Barnes PJ. Cigarette smoke-induced impairment of autophagy in macrophages increases galectin-8 and inflammation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:335. [PMID: 33432024 PMCID: PMC7801483 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79848-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke impairs autophagy, an intracellular protein degradation system, but the consequences of this defect have not been fully elucidated, especially in macrophages. Dysfunctional alveolar macrophages play an important role in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Here we show that galectin-8, a danger receptor that identifies damaged intracellular host vesicles and initiates autophagosome engulfment, is elevated due to activation of autophagy by cigarette smoke extract (CSE) in macrophages. CSE impaired autophagic flux in PMA-differentiated U937 macrophage-like cells, resulting in intracellular accumulation of galectin-8 and the autophagic adaptor protein NDP52. COPD patients showed elevated levels of galectin-8 and NDP52 in the lung homogenates with significant increase in the serum galectin-8 levels in patients with frequent acute exacerbations. Soluble galectin-8 induced interleukin (IL)-6 release in bronchial epithelial cells via PI3Kα signalling. Thus, increased galectin-8 due to CSE-induced impaired autophagy may be involved in the pathogenesis of COPD and may be a biomarker of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Kono
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Deparment of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, The Fraternity Memorial Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Thomas Colley
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Masako To
- Dapartment of Laboratory Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Centre, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Nicolas Mercado
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan R Baker
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Yasuo To
- Deparment of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, The Fraternity Memorial Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Abe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Haruki
- Dapartment of Laboratory Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Centre, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ito
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Peter J Barnes
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Ludwig S, Hrincius ER, Boergeling Y. The Two Sides of the Same Coin-Influenza Virus and Intracellular Signal Transduction. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2021; 11:a038513. [PMID: 31871235 PMCID: PMC7778220 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a038513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cells respond to extracellular agents by activation of intracellular signaling pathways. Viruses can be regarded as such agents, leading to a firework of signaling inside the cell, primarily induced by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that provoke safeguard mechanisms to defend from the invader. In the constant arms race between pathogen and cellular defense, viruses not only have evolved mechanisms to suppress or misuse supposedly antiviral signaling processes for their own benefit but also actively induce signaling to promote replication. This creates viral dependencies that may be exploited for novel strategies of antiviral intervention. Here, we will summarize the current knowledge of activation and function of influenza virus-induced signaling pathways with a focus on nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling, mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades, and the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase pathway. We will discuss the opportunities and drawbacks of targeting these signaling pathways for antiviral intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Ludwig
- Institute of Virology Muenster, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Eike R Hrincius
- Institute of Virology Muenster, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Yvonne Boergeling
- Institute of Virology Muenster, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
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36
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Dasgupta K, Lessard S, Hann S, Fowler ME, Robling AG, Warman ML. Sensitive detection of Cre-mediated recombination using droplet digital PCR reveals Tg(BGLAP-Cre) and Tg(DMP1-Cre) are active in multiple non-skeletal tissues. Bone 2021; 142:115674. [PMID: 33031974 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In humans, somatic activating mutations in PIK3CA are associated with skeletal overgrowth. In order to determine if activated PI3K signaling in bone cells causes overgrowth, we used Tg(BGLAP-Cre) and Tg(DMP1-Cre) mouse strains to somatically activate a disease-causing conditional Pik3ca allele (Pik3caH1047R) in osteoblasts and osteocytes. We observed Tg(BGLAP-Cre);Pik3caH1047R/+ offspring were born at the expected Mendelian frequency. However, these mice developed cutaneous lymphatic malformations and died before 7 weeks of age. In contrast, Tg(DMP1-Cre);Pik3caH1047R/+ offspring survived and had no cutaneous lymphatic malformations. Assuming that Cre-activity outside of the skeletal system accounted for the difference in phenotype between Tg(BGLAP-Cre);Pik3caH1047R/+ and Tg(DMP1-Cre);Pik3caH1047R/+ mice, we developed sensitive and specific droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assays to search for and quantify rates of Tg(BGLAP-Cre)- and Tg(DMP1-Cre)-mediated recombination in non-skeletal tissues. We observed Tg(BGLAP-Cre)-mediated recombination in several tissues including skin, muscle, artery, and brain; two CNS locations, hippocampus and cerebellum, exhibited Cre-mediated recombination in >5% of cells. Tg(DMP1-Cre)-mediated recombination was also observed in muscle, artery, and brain. Although we cannot preclude that differences in phenotype between mice with Tg(BGLAP-Cre)- and Tg(DMP1-Cre)-mediated PIK3CA activation are due to Cre-recombination being induced at different stages of osteoblast differentiation, differences in recombination at non-skeletal sites are the more likely explanation. Since unanticipated sites of recombination can affect the interpretation of data from experiments involving conditional alleles, we recommend ddPCR as a good first step for assessing efficiency, leakiness, and off-targeting in experiments that employ Cre-mediated or Flp-mediated recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnakali Dasgupta
- Orthopedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Samantha Lessard
- Orthopedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Steven Hann
- Orthopedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Megan E Fowler
- Orthopedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Alexander G Robling
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Matthew L Warman
- Orthopedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America.
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Werner JA, Ishida K, Wisler J, Karbowski C, Kalanzi J, Bussiere J, Monticello TM. Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase δ Inhibitor-Induced Immunomodulation and Secondary Opportunistic Infection in the Cynomolgus Monkey (Macaca fascicularis). Toxicol Pathol 2020; 48:949-964. [DOI: 10.1177/0192623320966238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks) regulate intracellular signaling events for multiple cell surface receptors. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase δ, 1 of 4 class I PI3K isoforms, is primarily found in leukocytes and regulates immune cell functions. Here, we report changes in the immune and digestive systems that were associated with AMG2519493, a highly selective small-molecule PI3Kδ inhibitor. Following 1- or 3-month oral repeat dosing in the cynomolgus monkey, changes were observed in circulating B cells, lymphoid tissues (spleen, lymph nodes, gut-associated lymphoid tissue, tonsil), and the digestive tract. Decreased circulating B cells and lymphoid cellularity in B cell-rich zones in lymphoid tissues were attributed to the intended pharmacologic activity of AMG2519493. Dose- and duration-dependent digestive system toxicity was characterized by inflammation in the large intestine and secondary opportunistic infections restricted to the digestive tract. Digestive tract changes were associated with moribundity and mortality at high-dose levels, and the effect level decreased with increased duration of exposure. These observations demonstrate the role of PI3Kδ in regulation of the immune system and of host resistance to opportunistic infections of the digestive tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A. Werner
- Amgen Research, Translational Safety and Bioanalytical Sciences, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Katsu Ishida
- Amgen Research, Translational Safety and Bioanalytical Sciences, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - John Wisler
- Amgen Research, Translational Safety and Bioanalytical Sciences, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
- AnaptysBio, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Christine Karbowski
- Amgen Research, Translational Safety and Bioanalytical Sciences, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Jackson Kalanzi
- Amgen Research, Translational Safety and Bioanalytical Sciences, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Jeanine Bussiere
- Amgen Research, Translational Safety and Bioanalytical Sciences, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Thomas M. Monticello
- Amgen Research, Translational Safety and Bioanalytical Sciences, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
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38
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Modified Linggui Zhugan Decoction () Ameliorates Glycolipid Metabolism and Inflammation via PI3K-Akt/mTOR-S6K1/AMPK-PGC-1 α Signaling Pathways in Obese Type 2 Diabetic Rats. Chin J Integr Med 2020; 28:52-59. [PMID: 33211278 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-020-3285-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effects of modified Linggui Zhugan Decoction (, MLZD), a traditional Chinese medicine formula, on obese type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats. METHODS Fifty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups by a random number table, including normal, obese T2DM (ob-T2DM), MLZD low-dose [MLDZ-L, 4.625 g/(kg·d)], MLZD middle-dose [MLD-M, 9.25 g/(kg·d) ] and MLZD high-dose [MLD-H, 18.5 g/(kg·d)] groups, 10 rats in each group. After 4-week intervention, blood samples and liver, pancreas, muscle tissues were collected to assess the insulin resistance (IR), blood lipid, adipokines and inflammation cytokines. The alteration of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (PKB or Akt)/the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-ribosome protein subunit 6 kinase 1 (S6K1 )/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1 α) pathways were also studied. RESULTS MLZD dose-dependently reduced fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, homeostasis model of assessment for IR index and increased insulin sensitive index compared with ob-T2DM rats (P<0.05). Similarly, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and free fatty acids were also decreased compared with ob-T2DM rats after 4-week treatment (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Improvements in adipokines and inflammatory cytokines were observed with a raised level of adiponectin and a reduced level of leptin, resistin, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 (P<0.05 or P<0.01). MLZD regulated the PI3K-Akt/mTOR-S6K1/AMPK-PGC-1 α pathways and restored the tissue structure of liver and pancreas (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS MLZD ameliorated glycolipid metabolism and inflammation, which may be attributed to the regulation of PI3K-Akt/mTOR-S6K1/AMPK-PGC-1 α pathways.
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Azad AK, Zhabyeyev P, Vanhaesebroeck B, Eitzen G, Oudit GY, Moore RB, Murray AG. Inactivation of endothelial cell phosphoinositide 3-kinase β inhibits tumor angiogenesis and tumor growth. Oncogene 2020; 39:6480-6492. [PMID: 32879446 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01444-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis inhibitors, such as the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor sunitinib, target vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling in cancers. However, only a fraction of patients respond, and most ultimately develop resistance to current angiogenesis inhibitor therapies. Activity of alternative pro-angiogenic growth factors, acting via RTK or G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR), may mediate VEGF inhibitor resistance. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)β isoform is uniquely coupled to both RTK and GPCRs. We investigated the role of endothelial cell (EC) PI3Kβ in tumor angiogenesis. Pro-angiogenic GPCR ligands were expressed by patient-derived renal cell carcinomas (PD-RCC), and selective inactivation of PI3Kβ reduced PD-RCC-stimulated EC spheroid sprouting. EC-specific PI3Kβ knockout (ΕC-βKO) in mice potentiated the sunitinib-induced reduction in subcutaneous growth of LLC1 and B16F10, and lung metastasis of B16F10 tumors. Compared to single-agent sunitinib treatment, tumors in sunitinib-treated ΕC-βKO mice showed a marked decrease in microvessel density, and reduced new vessel formation. The fraction of perfused mature tumor microvessels was increased in ΕC-βKO mice suggesting immature microvessels were most sensitive to combined sunitinib and PI3Kβ inactivation. Taken together, EC PI3Kβ inactivation with sunitinib inhibition reduces microvessel turnover and decreases heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment, hence PI3Kβ inhibition may be a useful adjuvant antiangiogenesis therapy with sunitinib.
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MESH Headings
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/antagonists & inhibitors
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/blood supply
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics
- Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
- Humans
- Kidney Neoplasms/blood supply
- Kidney Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Kidney Neoplasms/pathology
- Melanoma, Experimental/blood supply
- Melanoma, Experimental/drug therapy
- Melanoma, Experimental/pathology
- Mice, Knockout
- Microvessels/drug effects
- Microvessels/pathology
- Morpholines/pharmacology
- Morpholines/therapeutic use
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapy
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Pyrimidinones/pharmacology
- Pyrimidinones/therapeutic use
- Sunitinib/pharmacology
- Sunitinib/therapeutic use
- Thiazoles/pharmacology
- Thiazoles/therapeutic use
- Tumor Microenvironment/drug effects
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Abul K Azad
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Pavel Zhabyeyev
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Gary Eitzen
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Gavin Y Oudit
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ronald B Moore
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Allan G Murray
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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Maffucci T, Falasca M. Inositol Polyphosphate-Based Compounds as Inhibitors of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase-Dependent Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7198. [PMID: 33003448 PMCID: PMC7582811 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Signaling pathways regulated by the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) enzymes have a well-established role in cancer development and progression. Over the past 30 years, the therapeutic potential of targeting this pathway has been well recognized, and this has led to the development of a multitude of drugs, some of which have progressed into clinical trials, with few of them currently approved for use in specific cancer settings. While many inhibitors compete with ATP, hence preventing the catalytic activity of the kinases directly, a deep understanding of the mechanisms of PI3K-dependent activation of its downstream effectors led to the development of additional strategies to prevent the initiation of this signaling pathway. This review summarizes previously published studies that led to the identification of inositol polyphosphates as promising parent molecules to design novel inhibitors of PI3K-dependent signals. We focus our attention on the inhibition of protein-membrane interactions mediated by binding of pleckstrin homology domains and phosphoinositides that we proposed 20 years ago as a novel therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Maffucci
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Marco Falasca
- Metabolic Signalling Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
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41
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Mosca S, Cardinali G, Flori E, Briganti S, Bottillo I, Mileo AM, Maresca V. The PI3K pathway induced by αMSH exerts a negative feedback on melanogenesis and contributes to the release of pigment. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2020; 34:72-88. [PMID: 32608114 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) belongs to the family of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). Activated GPCRs can promote the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway. Few studies deal with the role of the PI3K pathway activation in response to αMSH. On B16-F10 cell line, we investigated the αMSH-dependent modulation of pAKT/AKT, as a key element of the PI3K pathway after rapid and prolonged stimulation. We demonstrated that αMSH triggers a rapid modulation of AKT which culminates in an increase in its phosphorylation. We highlighted a comparable upregulation of pAKT after exposure to αMSH on primary cultures of normal human melanocytes (NHMs) expressing a wild-type MC1R. On B16-F10 cells, NHMs, and an ex vivo model of human skin biopsies, we explored the influence of PI3K/AKT signaling triggered by αMSH, focusing on the control of melanogenesis and pigment release. We showed that the αMSH-dependent PI3K/AKT pathway exerts a negative feedback on melanogenesis and promotes the extracellular release of pigment. We strengthened the role of the PI3K/AKT pathway triggered by αMSH in preserving redox equilibrium and genome integrity, highlighting its role in affecting cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Mosca
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Cardinali
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrica Flori
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Briganti
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Bottillo
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Molecular Medicine, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna M Mileo
- Department of Research Advanced Diagnostic and Technological Innovation - Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Vittoria Maresca
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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42
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Nunes-Santos CJ, Uzel G, Rosenzweig SD. PI3K pathway defects leading to immunodeficiency and immune dysregulation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 143:1676-1687. [PMID: 31060715 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway is involved in a broad range of cellular processes, including growth, metabolism, differentiation, proliferation, motility, and survival. The PI3Kδ enzyme complex is primarily present in the immune system and comprises a catalytic (p110δ) and regulatory (p85α) subunit. Dynamic regulation of PI3Kδ activity is required to ensure normal function and differentiation of immune cells. In the last decade, discovery of germline mutations in genes involved in the PI3Kδ pathway (PIK3CD, PIK3R1, or phosphatase and tensin homolog [PTEN]) proved that both overactivation and underactivation (gain of function and loss of function, respectively) of PI3Kδ lead to impaired and dysregulated immunity. Although a small group of patients reported to underactivate PI3Kδ show predominantly humoral defects and autoimmune features, more than 200 patients have been described with overactivation of PI3Kδ, presenting with a much more complex phenotype of combined immunodeficiency and immune dysregulation. The clinical and immunologic characterization, as well as current pathophysiologic understanding and specific therapies for PI3K pathway defects leading to immunodeficiency and immune dysregulation, are reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane J Nunes-Santos
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center, Bethesda, Md; Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto da Crianca, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gulbu Uzel
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Md
| | - Sergio D Rosenzweig
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center, Bethesda, Md.
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Gagliano T, Shah K, Gargani S, Lao L, Alsaleem M, Chen J, Ntafis V, Huang P, Ditsiou A, Vella V, Yadav K, Bienkowska K, Bresciani G, Kang K, Li L, Carter P, Benstead-Hume G, O’Hanlon T, Dean M, Pearl FM, Lee SC, Rakha EA, Green AR, Kontoyiannis DL, Song E, Stebbing J, Giamas G. PIK3Cδ expression by fibroblasts promotes triple-negative breast cancer progression. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:3188-3204. [PMID: 32125284 PMCID: PMC7260014 DOI: 10.1172/jci128313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
As there is growing evidence for the tumor microenvironment's role in tumorigenesis, we investigated the role of fibroblast-expressed kinases in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Using a high-throughput kinome screen combined with 3D invasion assays, we identified fibroblast-expressed PIK3Cδ (f-PIK3Cδ) as a key regulator of cancer progression. Although PIK3Cδ was expressed in primary fibroblasts derived from TNBC patients, it was barely detectable in breast cancer (BC) cell lines. Genetic and pharmacological gain- and loss-of-function experiments verified the contribution of f-PIK3Cδ in TNBC cell invasion. Integrated secretomics and transcriptomics analyses revealed a paracrine mechanism via which f-PIK3Cδ confers its protumorigenic effects. Inhibition of f-PIK3Cδ promoted the secretion of factors, including PLGF and BDNF, that led to upregulation of NR4A1 in TNBC cells, where it acts as a tumor suppressor. Inhibition of PIK3Cδ in an orthotopic BC mouse model reduced tumor growth only after inoculation with fibroblasts, indicating a role of f-PIK3Cδ in cancer progression. Similar results were observed in the MMTV-PyMT transgenic BC mouse model, along with a decrease in tumor metastasis, emphasizing the potential immune-independent effects of PIK3Cδ inhibition. Finally, analysis of BC patient cohorts and TCGA data sets identified f-PIK3Cδ (protein and mRNA levels) as an independent prognostic factor for overall and disease-free survival, highlighting it as a therapeutic target for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Gagliano
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Kalpit Shah
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sofia Gargani
- Division of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Vari, Greece
| | - Liyan Lao
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mansour Alsaleem
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Nottingham City Hospital, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jianing Chen
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Vasileios Ntafis
- Division of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Vari, Greece
| | - Penghan Huang
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Angeliki Ditsiou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Viviana Vella
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Kritika Yadav
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kamila Bienkowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Giulia Bresciani
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Kai Kang
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Leping Li
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Philip Carter
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme Benstead-Hume
- Bioinformatics Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy O’Hanlon
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael Dean
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Frances M.G. Pearl
- Bioinformatics Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Soo-Chin Lee
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore
- National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Emad A. Rakha
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Nottingham City Hospital, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew R. Green
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Nottingham City Hospital, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitris L. Kontoyiannis
- Division of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Vari, Greece
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Erwei Song
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Justin Stebbing
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Georgios Giamas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom
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Miah MR, Ijomone OM, Okoh COA, Ijomone OK, Akingbade GT, Ke T, Krum B, da Cunha Martins A, Akinyemi A, Aranoff N, Antunes Soares FA, Bowman AB, Aschner M. The effects of manganese overexposure on brain health. Neurochem Int 2020; 135:104688. [PMID: 31972215 PMCID: PMC7926190 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is the twelfth most abundant element on the earth and an essential metal to human health. Mn is present at low concentrations in a variety of dietary sources, which provides adequate Mn content to sustain support various physiological processes in the human body. However, with the rise of Mn utility in a variety of industries, there is an increased risk of overexposure to this transition metal, which can have neurotoxic consequences. This risk includes occupational exposure of Mn to workers as well as overall increased Mn pollution affecting the general public. Here, we review exposure due to air pollution and inhalation in industrial settings; we also delve into the toxic effects of manganese on the brain such as oxidative stress, inflammatory response and transporter dysregulation. Additionally, we summarize current understandings underlying the mechanisms of Mn toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahfuzur R Miah
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Omamuyovwi M Ijomone
- The Neuro-Lab, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Health and Health Technology, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo, Nigeria
| | - Comfort O A Okoh
- The Neuro-Lab, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Health and Health Technology, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo, Nigeria
| | - Olayemi K Ijomone
- The Neuro-Lab, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Health and Health Technology, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo, Nigeria; Department of Anatomy, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Nigeria
| | - Grace T Akingbade
- The Neuro-Lab, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Health and Health Technology, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo, Nigeria
| | - Tao Ke
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Bárbara Krum
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Ayodele Akinyemi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Nicole Aranoff
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Stern College for Women, Yeshiva University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Felix Alexandre Antunes Soares
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Aaron B Bowman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
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Whole-Organ Genomic Characterization of Mucosal Field Effects Initiating Bladder Carcinogenesis. Cell Rep 2020; 26:2241-2256.e4. [PMID: 30784602 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.01.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We used whole-organ mapping to study the locoregional molecular changes in a human bladder containing multifocal cancer. Widespread DNA methylation changes were identified in the entire mucosa, representing the initial field effect. The field effect was associated with subclonal low-allele frequency mutations and a small number of DNA copy alterations. A founder mutation in the RNA splicing gene, ACIN1, was identified in normal mucosa and expanded clonally with an additional 21 mutations in progression to carcinoma. The patterns of mutations and copy number changes in carcinoma in situ and foci of carcinoma were almost identical, confirming their clonal origins. The pathways affected by the DNA copy alterations and mutations, including the Kras pathway, were preceded by the field changes in DNA methylation, suggesting that they reinforced mechanisms that had already been initiated by methylation. The results demonstrate that DNA methylation can serve as the initiator of bladder carcinogenesis.
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46
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Wu W, Zhou G, Han H, Huang X, Jiang H, Mukai S, Kazlauskas A, Cui J, Matsubara JA, Vanhaesebroeck B, Xia X, Wang J, Lei H. PI3Kδ as a Novel Therapeutic Target in Pathological Angiogenesis. Diabetes 2020; 69:736-748. [PMID: 31915155 PMCID: PMC7085248 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes, and in the advanced diabetic retinopathy appear vitreal fibrovascular membranes that consist of a variety of cells, including vascular endothelial cells (ECs). New therapeutic approaches for this diabetic complication are urgently needed. Here, we report that in cultured human retinal microvascular ECs, high glucose induced expression of p110δ, which was also expressed in ECs of fibrovascular membranes from patients with diabetes. This catalytic subunit of a receptor-regulated PI3K isoform δ is known to be highly enriched in leukocytes. Using genetic and pharmacological approaches, we show that p110δ activity in cultured ECs controls Akt activation, cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation induced by vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, and epidermal growth factor. Using a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy, p110δ inactivation was found to attenuate pathological retinal angiogenesis. p110δ inhibitors have been approved for use in human B-cell malignancies. Our data suggest that antagonizing p110δ constitutes a previously unappreciated therapeutic opportunity for diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Guohong Zhou
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Shanxi Eye Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Haote Han
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Xionggao Huang
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Heng Jiang
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shizuo Mukai
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Andrius Kazlauskas
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Jing Cui
- The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | - Xiaobo Xia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiantao Wang
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hetian Lei
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen, China
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47
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Hood VL, Paterson C, Law AJ. PI3Kinase-p110δ Overexpression Impairs Dendritic Morphogenesis and Increases Dendritic Spine Density. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:29. [PMID: 32180704 PMCID: PMC7059765 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Activity and expression of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) catalytic isoform, PIK3CD/p110δ, is increased in schizophrenia, autism, and intellectual delay and pro-cognitive preclinical efficacy of p110δ-inhibition has been demonstrated in pharmacological, genetic, and developmental rodent models of psychiatric disorders. Although PI3K signaling has been implicated in the development and function of neurons and glia; isoform-specific roles of the individual PI3Ks are less clear and the biological effects of increased p110δ on neuronal development are unknown. Since the pathobiological direction of p110δ changes in neurodevelopmental disorders are increased expression and activity, we hypothesized that overexpression of p110δ would impact measures of neuronal development and maturation relevant to connectivity and synaptic transmission. p110δ overexpression in primary rat hippocampal cultures significantly reduced dendritic morphogenesis and arborization and increased immature and mature dendritic spine densities, without impacting cell viability, soma size, or axon length. Together, our novel findings demonstrate the importance of homeostatic regulation of the p110δ isoform for normative neuronal development and highlight a potential pathophysiological mechanism of association to disorders of neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica L Hood
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Clare Paterson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Amanda J Law
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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48
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Vollmer TR, Zhou EH, Rice DS, Prasanna G, Chen A, Wilson CW. Application of Cell Impedance as a Screening Tool to Discover Modulators of Intraocular Pressure. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2020; 36:269-281. [PMID: 32176566 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2019.0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To identify new targets and compounds involved in mediating cellular contractility or relaxation in trabecular meshwork (TM) cells and test their efficacy in an ex vivo model measuring outflow facility. Methods: A low-molecular weight compound library composed of 3,957 compounds was screened for cytoskeletal changes using the Acea xCelligence impedance platform in immortalized human NTM5 TM cells. Hits were confirmed by 8-point concentration response and were subsequently evaluated for impedance changes in 2 primary human TM strains, as well as cross-reactivity in bovine primary cells. A recently described bovine whole eye perfusion system was used to evaluate effects of compounds on aqueous outflow facility. Results: The primary screen conducted was robust, with Z' values >0.5. Fifty-two compounds were identified in the primary screen and confirmed to have concentration-dependent effects on impedance in NTM5 cells. Of these, 9 compounds representing distinct drug classes were confirmed to modulate impedance in both human primary TM cells and bovine cells. One of these compounds, wortmannin, an inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3-kinase, increased outflow facility by 11%. Conclusions: A robust phenotypic assay was developed that enabled identification of contractility modulators in immortalized TM cells. The screening hits were translatable to primary TM cells and modulated outflow facility in an ex vivo perfusion assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Vollmer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Enhua H Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Dennis S Rice
- Department of Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ganesh Prasanna
- Department of Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Amy Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Christopher W Wilson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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49
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Zhang LQ, Yang HQ, Yang SQ, Wang Y, Chen XJ, Lu HS, Zhao LP. CNDP2 Acts as an Activator for Human Ovarian Cancer Growth and Metastasis via the PI3K/AKT Pathway. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 18:1533033819874773. [PMID: 31537175 PMCID: PMC6755628 DOI: 10.1177/1533033819874773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The mechanism of tumorigenesis and metastasis of ovarian cancer has not yet been
elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the role and molecular mechanism of
cytosolic nonspecific dipeptidase 2 in tumorigenesis and metastasis. Methods: Cytosolic nonspecific dipeptidase 2 expression in human ovarian cancer tissues and cell
lines was assessed with methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT), clone formation, and
transwell assays performed to evaluate the ability of ovarian cancer cells to
proliferate and migrate. Nude mice tumor formation experiments were also performed by
subcutaneously injecting cells with stable cytosolic nonspecific dipeptidase 2 knockdown
and control SKOV3 cells into BALB/c female nude mice to detect changes in PI3K/AKT
pathway-related proteins by Western blotting. Results: Cytosolic nonspecific dipeptidase 2 was highly expressed in human ovarian cancer
tissues, with its expression associated with pathological data, including ovarian cancer
metastasis. A cytosolic nonspecific dipeptidase 2 stable knockdown or ectopic expression
ovarian cancer cell model was established and demonstrated that cytosolic nonspecific
dipeptidase 2 could promote the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells. Transwell cell
migration and invasion assays confirmed that cytosolic nonspecific dipeptidase 2
enhanced cell metastasis in ovarian cancer. Furthermore, in vivo
xenograft experiments demonstrated that cytosolic nonspecific dipeptidase 2 can promote
the development and progression of ovarian cancer, increasing the expression of
phosphorylated PI3K and AKT. Conclusions: Cytosolic nonspecific dipeptidase 2 promotes the occurrence and development of ovarian
cancer through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Q Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Hua Q Yang
- Department of Gynecology, Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Su Q Yang
- Department of Gynecology, Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Xian J Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Hong S Lu
- Department of Pathology, Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Ling P Zhao
- Department of Gynecology, Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou, China
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50
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Small molecule targeting of SHIP1 and SHIP2. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:291-300. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20190775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Modulating the activity of the Src Homology 2 (SH2) — containing Inositol 5′-Phosphatase (SHIP) enzyme family with small molecule inhibitors provides a useful and unconventional method of influencing cell signaling in the PI3K pathway. The development of small molecules that selectively target one of the SHIP paralogs (SHIP1 or SHIP2) as well as inhibitors that simultaneously target both enzymes have provided promising data linking the phosphatase activity of the SHIP enzymes to disorders and disease states that are in dire need of new therapeutic targets. These include cancer, immunotherapy, diabetes, obesity, and Alzheimer's disease. In this mini-review, we will provide a brief overview of research in these areas that support targeting SHIP1, SHIP2 or both enzymes for therapeutic purposes.
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