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Diebolt CM, Schaudien D, Junker K, Krasteva-Christ G, Tschernig T, Englisch CN. New insights in the renal distribution profile of TRPC3 - Of mice and men. Ann Anat 2024; 252:152192. [PMID: 37977270 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2023.152192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Several reports previously investigated the Transient Receptor Potential Canonical subfamily channel 3 (TRPC3) in the kidney. However, most of the conclusions are based on animal samples or cell cultures leaving the door open for human tissue investigations. Moreover, results often disagreed among investigators. Histological description is lacking since most of these studies focused on functional aspects. Nevertheless, the same reports highlighted the potential key-role of TRPC3 in renal disorders. Hence, our interest to investigate the localization of TRPC3 in human kidneys. For this purpose, both healthy mouse and human kidney samples that were originated from tumor nephrectomies have been prepared for immunohistochemical staining using a knockout-validated antibody. A blocking peptide was used to confirm antibody specificity. A normalized weighted diaminobenzidine (DAB) area score between 0 and 3 comparable to a pixelwise H-score was established and employed for semiquantitative analysis. Altogether, our results suggest that glomeruli only express little TRPC3 compared to several segments of the tubular system. Cortical and medullary proximal tubules are stained, although intracortical differences in staining exist in mice. Intermediate tubules, however, are only weakly stained. The distal tubule was studied in three localizations and staining was marked although slightly varying throughout the different subsegments. Finally, the collecting duct was also immunolabeled in both human and mouse tissue. We therefore provide evidence that TRPC3 is expressed in various localizations of both human and mouse samples. We verify results of previous studies and propose until now undescribed localizations of TRPC3 in the mouse but especially and of greater interest in the human kidney. We thereby not only support the translational concept of the TRPC3 channel as key-player in physiology and pathophysiology of the human kidney but also present new potential targets to functional analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coline M Diebolt
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar 66421, Germany
| | - Dirk Schaudien
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hanover 30625, Germany
| | - Kerstin Junker
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar 66421, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Tschernig
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar 66421, Germany.
| | - Colya N Englisch
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar 66421, Germany
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2
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‘t Hart DC, van der Vlag J, Nijenhuis T. A Putative Role for TRPC6 in Immune-Mediated Kidney Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16419. [PMID: 38003608 PMCID: PMC10671681 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive activation of the immune system is the cause of a wide variety of renal diseases. However, the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the aberrant activation of the immune system in the kidneys often remain unknown. TRPC6, a member of the Ca2+-permeant family of TRPC channels, is important in glomerular epithelial cells or podocytes for the process of glomerular filtration. In addition, TRPC6 plays a crucial role in the development of kidney injuries by inducing podocyte injury. However, an increasing number of studies suggest that TRPC6 is also responsible for tightly regulating the immune cell functions. It remains elusive whether the role of TRPC6 in the immune system and the pathogenesis of renal inflammation are intertwined. In this review, we present an overview of the current knowledge of how TRPC6 coordinates the immune cell functions and propose the hypothesis that TRPC6 might play a pivotal role in the development of kidney injury via its role in the immune system.
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3
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Batool L, Hariharan K, Xu Y, Kaßmann M, Tsvetkov D, Gohlke BO, Kaden S, Gossen M, Nürnberg B, Kurtz A, Gollasch M. An inactivating human TRPC6 channel mutation without focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:265. [PMID: 37615749 PMCID: PMC10449997 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04901-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential cation channel-6 (TRPC6) gene mutations cause familial focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), which is inherited as an autosomal dominant disease. In patients with TRPC6-related FSGS, all mutations map to the N- or C-terminal TRPC6 protein domains. Thus far, the majority of TRPC6 mutations are missense resulting in increased or decreased calcium influx; however, the fundamental molecular mechanisms causing cell injury and kidney pathology are unclear. We report a novel heterozygous TRPC6 mutation (V691Kfs*) in a large kindred with no signs of FSGS despite a largely truncated TRPC6 protein. We studied the molecular effects of V691Kfs* TRPC6 mutant using the tridimensional cryo-EM structure of the tetrameric TRPC6 protein. The results indicated that V691 is localized at the pore-forming transmembrane region affecting the ion conduction pathway, and predicted that V691Kfs* causes closure of the ion-conducting pathway leading to channel inactivation. We assessed the impact of V691Kfs* and two previously reported TRPC6 disease mutants (P112Q and G757D) on calcium influx in cells. Our data show that the V691Kfs* fully inactivated the TRCP6 channel-specific calcium influx consistent with a complete loss-of-function phenotype. Furthermore, the V691Kfs* truncation exerted a dominant negative effect on the full-length TRPC6 proteins. In conclusion, the V691Kfs* non-functional truncated TRPC6 is not sufficient to cause FSGS. Our data corroborate recently characterized TRPC6 loss-of-function and gain-of-function mutants suggesting that one defective TRPC6 gene copy is not sufficient to cause FSGS. We underscore the importance of increased rather than reduced calcium influx through TRPC6 for podocyte cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilas Batool
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Krithika Hariharan
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT), Fraunhofer Project Center for Stem Cell Process Engineering, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Yao Xu
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin D-Geriatrie, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mario Kaßmann
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin D-Geriatrie, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dmitry Tsvetkov
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin D-Geriatrie, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Björn-Oliver Gohlke
- Department of Information Technology, Science-IT, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sylvia Kaden
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manfred Gossen
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Aktive Polymere, Hereon TeltowAbteilung Stammzellmodifikation und Biomaterialien, Teltow, Germany
| | - Bernd Nürnberg
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapy and Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Kurtz
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
- Biomedical Data and Bioethics, Fraunhofer-Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT), Berlin, Germany.
| | - Maik Gollasch
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin D-Geriatrie, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, Greifswald, Germany.
- Klinik für Nephrologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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4
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Polat OK, Isaeva E, Sudhini YR, Knott B, Zhu K, Noben M, Suresh Kumar V, Endlich N, Mangos S, Reddy TV, Samelko B, Wei C, Altintas MM, Dryer SE, Sever S, Staruschenko A, Reiser J. The small GTPase regulatory protein Rac1 drives podocyte injury independent of cationic channel protein TRPC5. Kidney Int 2023; 103:1056-1062. [PMID: 36750145 PMCID: PMC10200725 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential canonical channels (TRPCs) are non-selective cationic channels that play a role in signal transduction, especially in G -protein-mediated signaling cascades. TRPC5 is expressed predominantly in the brain but also in the kidney. However, its role in kidney physiology and pathophysiology is controversial. Some studies have suggested that TRPC5 drives podocyte injury and proteinuria, particularly after small GTPase Rac1 activation to induce the trafficking of TRPC5 to the plasma membrane. Other studies using TRPC5 gain-of-function transgenic mice have questioned the pathogenic role of TRPC5 in podocytes. Here, we show that TRPC5 over-expression or inhibition does not ameliorate proteinuria induced by the expression of constitutively active Rac1 in podocytes. Additionally, single-cell patch-clamp studies did not detect functional TRPC5 channels in primary cultures of podocytes. Thus, we conclude that TRPC5 plays a role redundant to that of TRPC6 in podocytes and is unlikely to be a useful therapeutic target for podocytopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur K Polat
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Elena Isaeva
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Yashwanth R Sudhini
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Brenna Knott
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ke Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Manuel Noben
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Varsha Suresh Kumar
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nicole Endlich
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; Center of High-End Imaging, NIPOKA GmbH, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Steve Mangos
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Beata Samelko
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Changli Wei
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mehmet M Altintas
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Stuart E Dryer
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tilman J. Fertitta Family College of Medicine, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sanja Sever
- Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexander Staruschenko
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA; Hypertension and Kidney Research Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA; James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Jochen Reiser
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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5
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Zhou L, Wu K, Gao Y, Qiao R, Tang N, Dong D, Li XQ, Nong Q, Luo DQ, Xiao Q, Fan X, Duan Q, Cao W. Piperlonguminine attenuates renal fibrosis by inhibiting TRPC6. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 313:116561. [PMID: 37121453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Liuwei Dihuang (LWDH) is a classic prescription that has been used to the treatment of "Kidney-Yin" deficiency syndrome for more than 1000 years in China. Recent studies have confirmed that LWDH can prevent the progression of renal fibrosis. Numerous studies have demonstrated the critical role that TRPC6 plays in the development of renal fibrosis. Due to the complex composition of LWDH and its remarkable therapeutic effect on renal fibrosis, it is possible to discover new active ingredients targeting TRPC6 for the treatment of renal fibrosis. AIM OF STUDY This study aimed to identify selective TRPC6 inhibitors from LWDH and evaluate their therapeutical effects on renal fibrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Computer-aided drug design was used to screen the biologically active ingredients of LWDH, and their affinities to human TRPC6 protein were detected by microcalorimetry. TRPC6, TRPC3, and TRPC7 over-expressed HEK293 cells were constructed, and the selective activities of the compounds on TRPC6 were determined by measuring [Ca2+]i in these cells. To establish an in vitro model of renal fibrosis, human renal proximal tubular epithelial HK-2 cells were stimulated with TGF-β1. The therapeutic effects of LWDH compounds on renal fibrosis were then tested by detecting the related proteins. TRPC6 was knocked-down in HK-2 cells to investigate the effects of LWDH active ingredients on TRPC6. Finally, a unilateral ureteral obstruction model of renal fibrosis was established to test the therapeutic effect. RESULTS From hundreds of LWDH ingredients, 64 active components with oral bioavailability ≥30% and drug-likeness index ≥0.18 were acquired. A total of 10 active components were obtained by molecular docking with TRPC6 protein. Among them, 4 components had an affinity with TRPC6. Piperlonguminine (PLG) had the most potent affinity with TRPC6 and blocking effect on TRPC6-mediated Ca2+ entry. A 100 μM of PLG showed no detectable inhibition on TRPC1, TRPC3, TRPC4, TRPC5, or TRPC7-mediated Ca2+ influx into cells. In vitro results indicated that PLG concentration-dependently inhibited the abnormally high expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen I, vimentin, and TRPC6 in TGF-β1-induced HK-2 cells. Consistently, PLG also could not further inhibit TGF-β1-induced expressions of these protein biomarkers in TRPC6 knocked-down HK-2 cells. In vivo, PLG dose-dependently reduced urinary protein, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen levels in renal fibrosis mice and markedly alleviated fibrosis and the expressions of α-SMA, collagen I, vimentin, and TRPC6 in kidney tissues. CONCLUSION Our results showed that PLG had anti-renal fibrosis effects by selectively inhibiting TRPC6. PLG might be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Kehan Wu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yuxuan Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Ruizhi Qiao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Na Tang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Dianchao Dong
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710000, China
| | - Qiuna Nong
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Ding-Qiang Luo
- Shaanxi Institute for Food and Drug Control, Xi'an, 710065, China
| | - Qianhan Xiao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xin Fan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Qimei Duan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Wei Cao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710000, China.
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6
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Hagmann H, Khayyat NH, Matin M, Oezel C, Chen H, Schauss A, Schell C, Benzing T, Dryer S, Brinkkoetter PT. Capsazepine (CPZ) Inhibits TRPC6 Conductance and Is Protective in Adriamycin-Induced Nephropathy and Diabetic Glomerulopathy. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020271. [PMID: 36672207 PMCID: PMC9856956 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), which excessively arise in diabetes and systemic inflammatory diseases, modify cellular lipids and cellular lipid composition leading to altered biophysical properties of cellular membranes. The impact of lipid peroxidation on transmembrane signaling routes is not yet well studied. The canonical transient receptor potential channel 6 (TRPC6) is implicated in the pathogenesis of several forms of glomerular diseases. TRPC6 is sensitive to membrane stretch and relies on a distinct lipid environment. This study investigates the effect of oxidative alterations to plasma membrane lipids on TRPC6 activity and the function of the glomerular filter. Knockout of the anti-oxidative, lipid modifying enzyme paraoxonase 2 (PON2) leads to altered biophysical properties of glomerular epithelial cells, which are called podocytes. Cortical stiffness, quantified by atomic force microscopy, was largely increased in PON2-deficient cultured podocytes. PON2 deficiency markedly enhanced TRPC6 channel currents and channel recovery. Treatment with the amphiphilic substance capsazepine in micromolar doses reduced cortical stiffness and abrogated TRPC6 conductance. In in vivo studies, capsazepine reduced the glomerular phenotype in the model of adriamycin-induced nephropathy in PON2 knockout mice and wildtype littermates. In diabetic AKITA mice, the progression of albuminuria and diabetic kidney disease was delayed. In summary, we provide evidence that the modification of membrane characteristics affects TRPC6 signaling. These results could spur future research to investigate modification of the direct lipid environment of TRPC6 as a future therapeutic strategy in glomerular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Hagmann
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Mahsa Matin
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Cem Oezel
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - He Chen
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Astrid Schauss
- Cologne Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Christoph Schell
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Benzing
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne (Sybacol), 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Stuart Dryer
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tilman J. Fertitta Family College of Medicine, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Paul T. Brinkkoetter
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
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7
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Huang L, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Mao J. Novel LAGE3 Pathogenic Variants Combined with TRPC6 and NUP160 Variants in Galloway-Mowat Syndrome: A Case Report. Case Rep Nephrol Dial 2023; 13:148-155. [PMID: 37900929 PMCID: PMC10601869 DOI: 10.1159/000533580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Galloway-Mowat syndrome (GAMOS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by early-onset nephrotic syndrome and microcephaly with brain anomalies in children. Researchers studying GAMOS reported the first pathogenic variant identified was the WDR73 gene, and more recently, four new pathogenic genes, OSGEP, LAGE3, TP53RK, and TPRKB, have been identified. In the present study, we report a new mutation of c.290T>G (p.L97R) LAGE3 in a 4-year-old boy with specific urological and nephrological complications. The patient presented with early-onset proteinuria, brain atrophy, delayed language and motor development, and axial hypotonia. This patient also had mutations in two other genes: TRPC6 and NUP160, make the clinical presentation of this patient more diverse. Our novel findings add to the spectrum of pathogenic variants in the LAGE3 gene. In addition, early genetic diagnosis of GAMOS is essential for genetic counseling and prenatal care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children’s Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children’s Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Center of Pediatric Nephrology of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanfei Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children’s Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Mao
- Department of Nephrology, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children’s Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
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8
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Staruschenko A, Ma R, Palygin O, Dryer SE. Ion channels and channelopathies in glomeruli. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:787-854. [PMID: 36007181 PMCID: PMC9662803 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00013.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An essential step in renal function entails the formation of an ultrafiltrate that is delivered to the renal tubules for subsequent processing. This process, known as glomerular filtration, is controlled by intrinsic regulatory systems and by paracrine, neuronal, and endocrine signals that converge onto glomerular cells. In addition, the characteristics of glomerular fluid flow, such as the glomerular filtration rate and the glomerular filtration fraction, play an important role in determining blood flow to the rest of the kidney. Consequently, disease processes that initially affect glomeruli are the most likely to lead to end-stage kidney failure. The cells that comprise the glomerular filter, especially podocytes and mesangial cells, express many different types of ion channels that regulate intrinsic aspects of cell function and cellular responses to the local environment, such as changes in glomerular capillary pressure. Dysregulation of glomerular ion channels, such as changes in TRPC6, can lead to devastating glomerular diseases, and a number of channels, including TRPC6, TRPC5, and various ionotropic receptors, are promising targets for drug development. This review discusses glomerular structure and glomerular disease processes. It also describes the types of plasma membrane ion channels that have been identified in glomerular cells, the physiological and pathophysiological contexts in which they operate, and the pathways by which they are regulated and dysregulated. The contributions of these channels to glomerular disease processes, such as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and diabetic nephropathy, as well as the development of drugs that target these channels are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Staruschenko
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
- Hypertension and Kidney Research Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, Florida
| | - Rong Ma
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Oleg Palygin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Stuart E Dryer
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tilman J. Fertitta Family College of Medicine, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
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9
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Yu J, Li C, Ma L, Zhai B, Xu A, Shao D. Transient receptor potential canonical 6 knockdown ameliorated diabetic kidney disease by inhibiting nuclear factor of activated T cells 2 expression in glomerular mesangial cells. Ren Fail 2022; 44:1780-1790. [DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2022.2134796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yu
- Cell Electrophysiology Laboratory, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Chunchun Li
- Cell Electrophysiology Laboratory, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Lisha Ma
- Cell Electrophysiology Laboratory, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Bin Zhai
- Cell Electrophysiology Laboratory, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Aiping Xu
- Cell Electrophysiology Laboratory, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Decui Shao
- Cell Electrophysiology Laboratory, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
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10
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Liu J, Li X, Xu N, Han H, Li X. Role of ion channels in the mechanism of proteinuria (Review). Exp Ther Med 2022; 25:27. [PMID: 36561615 PMCID: PMC9748662 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteinuria is a common clinical manifestation of kidney diseases, such as glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome, immunoglobulin A nephropathy and diabetic nephropathy. Therefore, proteinuria is considered to be a risk factor for renal dysfunction. Furthermore, proteinuria is also significantly associated with the progression of kidney diseases and increased mortality. Its occurrence is closely associated with damage to the structure of the glomerular filtration membrane. An impaired glomerular filtration membrane can affect the selective filtration function of the kidneys; therefore, several macromolecular substances, such as proteins, may pass through the filtration membrane and promote the manifestation of proteinuria. It has been reported that ion channels play a significant role in the mechanisms underlying proteinuria. Ion channel mutations or other dysfunctions have been implicated in several diseases, therefore ion channels could be used as major therapeutic targets. The mechanisms underlying the action of ion channels and ion transporters in proteinuria have been overlooked in the literature, despite their importance in identifying novel targets for treating proteinuria and delaying the progression of kidney diseases. The current review article focused on the four key ion channel groups, namely Na+, Ca2+, Cl- and K+ ion channels and the associated ion transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Xuewei Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Ning Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Huirong Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Xiangling Li
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Professor Xiangling Li, Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, 2428 Yu He Road, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
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11
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Dryer SE, Kim EY. The Effects of TRPC6 Knockout in Animal Models of Kidney Disease. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1710. [PMID: 36421724 PMCID: PMC9687984 DOI: 10.3390/biom12111710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Diseases that induce a loss of renal function affect a substantial portion of the world's population and can range from a slight decline in the glomerular filtration rate or microalbuminuria to complete kidney failure. Kidney disorders can be acute or chronic, but any significant reduction in renal function is associated with increased all-cause morbidity and mortality, especially when the conditions become chronic. There is an urgent need for new therapeutic approaches to slow or halt the progression of kidney disease. One potential target of considerable interest is the canonical transient receptor potential-6 (TRPC6) channel. TRCP6 is a cationic channel with a significant permeability to Ca2+. It is expressed in several tissues, including in multiple cell types of the kidney in glomeruli, microvasculature, and tubules. Here, we will describe TRPC6 channels and their roles in signal transduction, with an emphasis on renal cells, and the studies implicating TRPC6 channels in the progression of inherited and acquired kidney diseases. We then describe studies using TRPC6 knockout mice and rats subjected to treatments that model human diseases, including nephrotic syndromes, diabetic nephropathy, autoimmune glomerulonephritis, and acute kidney injuries induced by renal ischemia and by obstruction of the urinary tract. TRPC6 knockout has been shown to reduce glomerular manifestations of disease in several of these models and reduces renal fibrosis caused by urinary tract obstruction. TRPC6 knockout has proven to be less effective at reducing diabetic nephropathy in mouse and rat models. We also summarize the implications of these studies for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart E. Dryer
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5001, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tilman J. Fertitta Family College of Medicine, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5001, USA
| | - Eun Young Kim
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5001, USA
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12
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Hagmann H, Khayyat NH, Oezel C, Papadakis A, Kuczkowski A, Benzing T, Gulbins E, Dryer S, Brinkkoetter PT. Paraoxonase 2 (PON2) Deficiency Reproduces Lipid Alterations of Diabetic and Inflammatory Glomerular Disease and Affects TRPC6 Signaling. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223625. [PMID: 36429053 PMCID: PMC9688324 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes and inflammatory diseases are associated with an altered cellular lipid composition due to lipid peroxidation. The pathogenic potential of these lipid alterations in glomerular kidney diseases remains largely obscure as suitable cell culture and animal models are lacking. In glomerular disease, a loss of terminally differentiated glomerular epithelial cells called podocytes refers to irreversible damage. Podocytes are characterized by a complex ramified cellular architecture and highly active transmembrane signaling. Alterations in lipid composition in states of disease have been described in podocytes but the pathophysiologic mechanisms mediating podocyte damage are unclear. In this study, we employ a genetic deletion of the anti-oxidative, lipid-modifying paraoxonase 2 enzyme (PON2) as a model to study altered cellular lipid composition and its effects on cellular signaling in glomerular disease. PON2 deficiency reproduces features of an altered lipid composition of glomerular disease, characterized by an increase in ceramides and cholesterol. PON2 knockout mice are more susceptible to glomerular damage in models of aggravated oxidative stress such as adriamycin-induced nephropathy. Voltage clamp experiments in cultured podocytes reveal a largely increased TRPC6 conductance after a membrane stretch in PON2 deficiency. Correspondingly, a concomitant knockout of TRPC6 and PON2 partially rescues the aggravated glomerular phenotype of a PON2 knockout in the adriamycin model. This study establishes PON2 deficiency as a model to investigate the pathophysiologic mechanisms of podocyte dysfunction related to alterations in the lipid composition, as seen in diabetic and inflammatory glomerular disease. Expanding the knowledge on these routes and options of intervention could lead to novel treatment strategies for glomerular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Hagmann
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Cem Oezel
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Antonios Papadakis
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Genetics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Kuczkowski
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Benzing
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne (Sybacol), 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Stuart Dryer
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tilman J. Fertitta Family College of Medicine, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Paul T. Brinkkoetter
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
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13
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Askaripour M, Najafipour H, Saberi S, Yazdani S, Jafarinejad-Farsangi S, Rajabi S, Jafari E, Proost P, Struyf S, Poosti F. Isoflavone daidzein ameliorates renal dysfunction and fibrosis in a postmenopausal rat model: Intermediation of angiotensin AT1 and Mas receptors and microRNAs 33a and 27a. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 25:1317-1325. [PMID: 36474573 PMCID: PMC9699944 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.66572.14609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chronic kidney disease (CKD), accompanied by renal dysfunction, fibrosis, and apoptosis, is highly prevalent in postmenopausal women. We tested the hypothesis that isoflavone daidzein may ameliorate renal dysfunction and fibrosis through angiotensin II type 1 (AT1R) and angiotensin 1-7 (MasR) receptors in association with microRNAs 33a and 27a. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two weeks before the initiation of the experiments, rats (n=84) underwent ovariectomy (OVX). Then, unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) was performed in OVX rats, and animals were allocated to the following groups (n=21): sham vehicle (dimethyl sulfoxide; DMSO 1%), UUO vehicle, UUO+17β-estradiol (E2), and UUO+daidzein. Each group encompassed three subgroups (n=7) treated with saline, A779 (MasR antagonist), or losartan (AT1R antagonist) for 15 days. The fractional urine excretion of sodium (FENa+) and potassium (FEK+), renal failure index (RFI), renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF index), glomerulosclerosis, miR-33a, and miR-27a expressions and their target genes were analyzed. Apoptosis was measured via cleaved caspase-3 immunohistochemistry. RESULTS UUO increased kidney weight, FENa+, FEK+, urine calcium, RFI, RIF index, glomerulosclerosis, and cleaved caspase-3. Moreover, expression of renal miR-33a and miR-27a, collagen3A1 mRNA, and protein were up-regulated post-UUO. Daidzein treatment alleviated the harmful effects of UUO especially in co-treatment with losartan. They also masked the anticipated worsening effects of A779 on UUO. CONCLUSION Compared with E2, daidzein efficiently ameliorated renal dysfunction, fibrosis, and apoptosis through modulation of miR-33a and miR-27a expression and their crosstalk with AT1R and MasR. Therefore, daidzein might be a promising candidate for treating CKD in postmenopausal and older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Askaripour
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, and Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hamid Najafipour
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, and Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran,Corresponding author: Hamid Najafipour. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, and Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. ;
| | - Shadan Saberi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour Medical Faculty and Physiology Research Centre, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Saleh Yazdani
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium, Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Soodeh Rajabi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Elham Jafari
- Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Pathology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Paul Proost
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sofie Struyf
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Fariba Poosti
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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14
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Le Thy PA, Hoang Thi TY, Tran KH, Nguyen HS. Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) and glomerular disease in children: a narrative review. EGYPTIAN PEDIATRIC ASSOCIATION GAZETTE 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43054-022-00117-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a chronic glomerular disease that responds poorly to treatment, with a large proportion of patients progressing to end-stage renal disease in spite of initial aggressive treatment. It is worth emphasizing that the FSGS group has still a high recurrence rate after kidney transplantation. Therefore, understanding the factors involved in the pathogenesis of FSGS will help nephrologists better understand the pathogenesis as well as find out specific targeted therapies. Circulating immune factors have long been implicated in the pathogenesis of FSGS, and recent studies have suggested that soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) is one of the good candidates for this hypothesis. The aim of this review study was to analyze the value of suPAR in glomerular disease, especially in clinical studies.
Methods
In this review study, the PubMed database was searched using relevant keywords (suPAR, circulating permeability factors Children, FSGS, and children). Descriptive and cross-sectional studies were reviewed in the current study with the main focuses on the role of suPAR in FSGS, nephrotic syndrome, and the relation to progression of renal failure, especially the research in children.
Results
Overall, 32 studies from different countries were selected. These clinical studies on suPAR have shown the following: (i) the role of suPAR in the diagnosis of FSGS has not yet been confirmed, and (ii) there is strong evidence demonstrating a significant relationship between suPAR and the severity of kidney disease as well as a high value of suPAR in predicting the steroid responsiveness of nephrotic syndrome.
Conclusion
Researching on circulating permeability factors in FSGS is a current trend, which opens new avenues in targeted diagnosis and treatment. suPAR is a promising candidate, and urinary suPAR has also shown advantages over serum suPAR; therefore, more research on this issue is needed in the future.
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15
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Brown BJ, Boekell KL, Stotter BR, Talbot BE, Schlondorff JS. Gain-of-function, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis Trpc6 mutation minimally affects susceptibility to renal injury in several mouse models. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272313. [PMID: 35913909 PMCID: PMC9342776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in TRPC6 are a cause of autosomal dominant focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in humans. Many of these mutations are known to have a gain-of-function effect on the non-specific cation channel function of TRPC6. In vitro studies have suggested these mutations affect several signaling pathways, but in vivo studies have largely compared wild-type and Trpc6-deficient rodents. We developed mice carrying a gain-of-function Trpc6 mutation encoding an E896K amino acid change, corresponding to a known FSGS mutation in TRPC6. Homozygous mutant Trpc6 animals have no appreciable renal pathology, and do not develop albuminuria until very advanced age. The Trpc6E896K mutation does not impart susceptibility to PAN nephrosis. The animals show a slight delay in recovery from the albumin overload model. In response to chronic angiotensin II infusion, Trpc6E896K/E896K mice have slightly greater albuminuria initially compared to wild-type animals, an effect that is lost at later time points, and a statistically non-significant trend toward more glomerular injury. This phenotype is nearly opposite to that of Trpc6-deficient animals previously described. The Trpc6 mutation does not appreciably impact renal interstitial fibrosis in response to either angiotensin II infusion, or folate-induced kidney injury. TRPC6 protein and TRPC6-agonist induced calcium influx could not be detected in glomeruli. In sum, these findings suggest that a gain-of-function Trpc6 mutation confers only a mild susceptibility to glomerular injury in the mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney J. Brown
- Division of Nephrology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kimber L. Boekell
- Division of Nephrology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Brian R. Stotter
- Division of Nephrology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Brianna E. Talbot
- Division of Nephrology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Johannes S. Schlondorff
- Division of Nephrology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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16
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Kim EY, Dryer SE. TRPC6 Inactivation Reduces Albuminuria Induced by Protein Overload in Sprague Dawley Rats. Cells 2022; 11:1985. [PMID: 35805070 PMCID: PMC9265922 DOI: 10.3390/cells11131985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Canonical transient receptor potential-6 (TRPC6) channels have been implicated in familial and acquired forms of focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), and in renal fibrosis following ureteral obstruction in mice. TRPC6 channels also appear to play a role in driving glomerular disease in aging and in autoimmune glomerulonephritis. In the present study, we examine the role of TRPC6 in the proteinuric state caused by prolonged albumin overload (AO) in Sprague Dawley rats induced by daily injections of exogenous albumin. This was assessed in rats with a global and constitutive inactivation of TRPC6 channels (Trpc6del/del rats) and in wild-type littermates (Trpc6wt/wt rats). AO for 14 and 28 days caused increased urine albumin excretion that was significantly attenuated in Trpc6del/del rats compared to Trpc6wt/wt controls. AO overload did not induce significant glomerulosclerosis or azotemia in either genotype. AO induced mild tubulointerstitial disease characterized by fibrosis, hypercellularity and increased expression of markers of fibrosis and inflammation. Those changes were equally severe in Trpc6wt/wt and Trpc6del/del rats. Immunoblot analysis of renal cortex indicated that AO increased the abundances of TRPC3 and TRPC6, and caused a nearly complete loss of TRPC5 in Trpc6wt/wt rats. The increase in TRPC3 and the loss of TRPC5 occurred to the same extent in Trpc6del/del rats. These data also suggest that TRPC6 plays a role in the normal function of the glomerular filtration barrier. However, whether TRPC6 inactivation protects the tubulointerstitial compartments in Sprague Dawley rats depends on the disease model examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Kim
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA;
| | - Stuart E. Dryer
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tilman J. Fertitta Family College of Medicine, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
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17
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Repurposing Riociguat to Target a Novel Paracrine Nitric Oxide-TRPC6 Pathway to Prevent Podocyte Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212485. [PMID: 34830371 PMCID: PMC8621407 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased expression and activity of the Ca2+ channel transient receptor potential channel 6 (TRPC6) is associated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, but therapeutic strategies to target TRPC6 are currently lacking. Nitric oxide (NO) is crucial for normal glomerular function and plays a protective role in preventing glomerular diseases. We investigated if NO prevents podocyte injury by inhibiting injurious TRPC6-mediated signaling in a soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC)-dependent manner and studied the therapeutic potential of the sGC stimulator Riociguat. Experiments were performed using human glomerular endothelial cells and podocytes. Podocyte injury was induced by Adriamycin incubation for 24 h, with or without the NO-donor S-Nitroso-N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine (SNAP), the sGC stimulator Riociguat or the TRPC6 inhibitor Larixyl Acetate (LA). NO and Riociguat stimulated cGMP synthesis in podocytes, decreased Adriamycin-induced TRPC6 expression, inhibited the Adriamycin-induced TRPC6-mediated Ca2+ influx and reduced podocyte injury. The protective effects of Riociguat and NO were blocked when sGC activity was inhibited with 1H-[1,2,4]Oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) or when TRPC6 activity was inhibited by LA. Our data demonstrate a glomerular (e)NOS-NO-sGC-cGMP-TRPC6 pathway that prevents podocyte injury, which can be translated to future clinical use by, e.g., repurposing the market-approved drug Riociguat.
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18
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Zhou Y, Kim C, Pablo JLB, Zhang F, Jung JY, Xiao L, Bazua-Valenti S, Emani M, Hopkins CR, Weins A, Greka A. TRPC5 Channel Inhibition Protects Podocytes in Puromycin-Aminonucleoside Induced Nephrosis Models. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:721865. [PMID: 34621762 PMCID: PMC8490698 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.721865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Podocyte injury and the appearance of proteinuria are key features of several progressive kidney diseases. Genetic deletion or selective inhibition of TRPC5 channels with small-molecule inhibitors protects podocytes in rodent models of kidney disease, but less is known about the human relevance and translatability of TRPC5 inhibition. Here, we investigate the effect of TRPC5 inhibition in puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN)-treated rats, human iPSC-derived podocytes, and kidney organoids. We first established that systemic administration of the TRPC5 inhibitor AC1903 was sufficient to protect podocyte cytoskeletal proteins and suppress proteinuria in PAN-induced nephrosis rats, an established model of podocyte injury. TRPC5 current was recorded in the human iPSC-derived podocytes and was blocked by AC1903. PAN treatment caused podocyte injury in human iPSC-derived podocytes and kidney organoids. Inhibition of TRPC5 channels reversed the effects of PAN-induced injury in human podocytes in both 2D and 3D culture systems. Taken together, these results revealed the relevance of TRPC5 channel inhibition in puromycin-aminonucleoside induced nephrosis models, highlighting the potential of this therapeutic strategy for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Center for the Development of Therapeutics (CDoT), Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Choah Kim
- Center for the Development of Therapeutics (CDoT), Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Juan Lorenzo B Pablo
- Center for the Development of Therapeutics (CDoT), Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ji Yong Jung
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Silvana Bazua-Valenti
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Center for the Development of Therapeutics (CDoT), Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Maheswarareddy Emani
- Center for the Development of Therapeutics (CDoT), Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Corey R Hopkins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Astrid Weins
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Anna Greka
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Center for the Development of Therapeutics (CDoT), Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
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19
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Abstract
TRPC3 is a Ca2+-permeable cation channel commonly activated by the G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) and mechanical distortion of the plasma membrane. TRPC3-mediated Ca2+ influx has been implicated in a variety of signaling processes in both excitable and non-excitable cells. Kidneys play a commanding role in maintaining whole-body homeostasis and setting blood pressure. TRPC3 is expressed abundantly in the renal vasculature and in epithelial cells, where it is well positioned to mediate signaling and transport functions in response to GPCR-dependent endocrine stimuli. In addition, TRPC3 could be activated by mechanical forces resulting from dynamic changes in the renal tubule fluid flow and osmolarity. This review critically analyzes the available published evidence of the physiological roles of TRPC3 in different parts of the kidney and describes the pathophysiological ramifications of TRPC3 ablation. We also speculate how this evidence could be further translated into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naghmeh Hassanzadeh Khayyat
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Viktor N Tomilin
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Oleg Zaika
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Oleh Pochynyuk
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, TX, USA
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20
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Chenouard V, Remy S, Tesson L, Ménoret S, Ouisse LH, Cherifi Y, Anegon I. Advances in Genome Editing and Application to the Generation of Genetically Modified Rat Models. Front Genet 2021; 12:615491. [PMID: 33959146 PMCID: PMC8093876 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.615491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The rat has been extensively used as a small animal model. Many genetically engineered rat models have emerged in the last two decades, and the advent of gene-specific nucleases has accelerated their generation in recent years. This review covers the techniques and advances used to generate genetically engineered rat lines and their application to the development of rat models more broadly, such as conditional knockouts and reporter gene strains. In addition, genome-editing techniques that remain to be explored in the rat are discussed. The review also focuses more particularly on two areas in which extensive work has been done: human genetic diseases and immune system analysis. Models are thoroughly described in these two areas and highlight the competitive advantages of rat models over available corresponding mouse versions. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive description of the advantages and potential of rat models for addressing specific scientific questions and to characterize the best genome-engineering tools for developing new projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Chenouard
- CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- genOway, Lyon, France
| | - Séverine Remy
- CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Laurent Tesson
- CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Séverine Ménoret
- CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- CHU Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, SFR Santé, Inserm UMS 016, CNRS UMS 3556, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - Laure-Hélène Ouisse
- CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | - Ignacio Anegon
- CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
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21
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Kim EY, Dryer SE. Effects of TRPC6 Inactivation on Glomerulosclerosis and Renal Fibrosis in Aging Rats. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040856. [PMID: 33918778 PMCID: PMC8070418 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Canonical transient receptor potential 6 (TRPC6) channels have been implicated in familial and acquired forms of focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in patients and animal models, as well as in renal fibrosis following ureteral obstruction in mice. Aging also evokes declines in renal function owing to effects on almost every renal compartment in humans and rodents. Here, we have examined the role of TRPC6 in driving inflammation and fibrosis during aging in Sprague-Dawley rats. This was assessed in rats with non-functional TRPC6 channels owing to CRISPR-Cas9 deletion of a portion of the ankyrin repeat domain required for the assembly of functional TRPC6 channels (Trpc6del/del rats). Wild-type littermates (Trpc6wt/wt rats) were used as controls. Animals were evaluated at 2 months and 12 months of age. There was no sign of kidney disease at 2 months of age, regardless of genotype. However, by 12 months of age, all rats examined showed declines in renal function associated with albuminuria, azotemia and increased urine excretion of β2-microglobulin, a marker for proximal tubule pathology. These changes were equally severe in Trpc6wt/wt and Trpc6del/del rats. We also observed age-related increases in renal cortical expression of markers of fibrosis (α-smooth muscle actin and vimentin) and inflammation (NLRP3 and pro-IL-1β), and there was no detectable protective effect of TRPC6 inactivation. Tubulointerstitial fibrosis assessed from histology also appeared equally severe in Trpc6wt/wt and Trpc6del/del rats. By contrast, glomerular pathology, blindly scored from histological sections, suggested a significant protective effect of TRPC6 inactivation, but only within the glomerular compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Kim
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA;
| | - Stuart E. Dryer
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Houston College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77204, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-713-743-2697
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22
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Yadav S, Gupta K, Deshmukh K, Bhardwaj L, Dahiya A, Krishan P, Singh G. Calcium sensing receptor as a novel target for treatment of sepsis induced cardio-renal syndrome: Need for exploring mechanisms. Drug Dev Res 2021; 82:305-308. [PMID: 33527497 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) is localized in various organs and plays diverse physiological and pathological roles. Several scientific contributions have suggested the involvement of this cell surface receptor in cardiac and renal diseases. Sepsis is considered to be one of the major causes of ICU admissions. Cardiac dysfunction and acute kidney injury are major manifestations of sepsis and associated with reduced survival. Presently, the treatment approaches for management of sepsis induced cardiac depression and kidney injury are not satisfactory. Activation of CaSR has been demonstrated to induce cardiomyocyte damage upon lipopolysaccaharde (LPS) exposure by enhancing calcium ion levels, ROS (reactive oxygen species) production, promotion of inflammation and apoptosis. In addition, CaSR seems to be a critical regulator of intracellular calcium ion levels, which is directly implicated in induction of mitochondrial dysfunction and release of various pro-apoptotic pathways during sepsis. Certain evidences have also documented the expression of CaSR on neutrophils and T lymphocytes, where it is involved in activation of neutrophils and induces apoptosis of immune cells. Moreover, the expression of CaSR has been confirmed in podocytes, mesangial cells, proximal tubular cells and its activation is responsible for podocyte effacement, mesangial cell proliferation and proximal tubular cell apoptosis. We have analyzed the existing evidences, and critically discussed the possible mechanisms underlying CaSR activation mediated cardiac and renal dysfunction in sepsis condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Kirti Gupta
- Department of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Khalid Deshmukh
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Loveinder Bhardwaj
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Ashish Dahiya
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Pawan Krishan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Gaaminepreet Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
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23
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Zhang Y, Yin N, Sun A, Wu Q, Hu W, Hou X, Zeng X, Zhu M, Liao Y. Transient Receptor Potential Channel 6 Knockout Ameliorates Kidney Fibrosis by Inhibition of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:602703. [PMID: 33520986 PMCID: PMC7843578 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.602703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney fibrosis is generally confirmed to have a significant role in chronic kidney disease, resulting in end-stage kidney failure. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important molecular mechanism contributing to fibrosis. Tubular epithelial cells (TEC), the major component of kidney parenchyma, are vulnerable to different types of injuries and are a significant source of myofibroblast by EMT. Furthermore, TRPC6 knockout plays an anti-fibrotic role in ameliorating kidney damage. However, the relationship between TRPC6 and EMT is unknown. In this study, TRPC6−/− and wild-type (WT) mice were subjected to a unilateral ureteric obstruction (UUO) operation. Primary TEC were treated with TGF-β1. Western blot and immunofluorescence data showed that fibrotic injuries alleviated with the inhibition of EMT in TRPC6−/− mice compared to WT mice. The activation of AKT-mTOR and ERK1/2 pathways was down-regulated in the TRPC6−/− mice, while the loss of Na+/K+-ATPase and APQ1 was partially recovered. We conclude that TRPC6 knockout may ameliorate kidney fibrosis by inhibition of EMT through down-regulating the AKT-mTOR and ERK1/2 pathways. This could contribute to the development of effective therapeutic strategies on chronic kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases of Ministry of Education, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Nina Yin
- Department of Anatomy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Anbang Sun
- Department of Anatomy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases of Ministry of Education, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qifang Wu
- Department of Anatomy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases of Ministry of Education, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenzhu Hu
- Department of Anatomy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases of Ministry of Education, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Hou
- Department of Anatomy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases of Ministry of Education, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xixi Zeng
- Department of Anatomy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases of Ministry of Education, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanhong Liao
- Department of Anatomy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases of Ministry of Education, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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24
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Golosova D, Palygin O, Bohovyk R, Klemens CA, Levchenko V, Spires DR, Isaeva E, El-Meanawy A, Staruschenko A. Role of opioid signaling in kidney damage during the development of salt-induced hypertension. Life Sci Alliance 2020; 3:3/12/e202000853. [PMID: 33046522 PMCID: PMC7556751 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulation of kappa opioid receptors modulates calcium influx via TRPC6 channels in podocytes, which ultimately compromises the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier and promotes a marked worsening of blood pressure control and renal damage. Opioid use is associated with predictors of poor cardiorenal outcomes. However, little is known about the direct impact of opioids on podocytes and renal function, especially in the context of hypertension and CKD. We hypothesize that stimulation of opioid receptors (ORs) contributes to dysregulation of intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) homeostasis in podocytes, thus aggravating the development of renal damage in hypertensive conditions. Herein, freshly isolated glomeruli from Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rats and human kidneys, as well as immortalized human podocytes, were used to elucidate the contribution of specific ORs to calcium influx. Stimulation of κ-ORs, but not μ-ORs or δ-ORs, evoked a [Ca2+]i transient in podocytes, potentially through the activation of TRPC6 channels. κ-OR agonist BRL52537 was used to assess the long-term effect in SS rats fed a high-salt diet. Hypertensive rats chronically treated with BRL52537 exhibited [Ca2+]i overload in podocytes, nephrinuria, albuminuria, changes in electrolyte balance, and augmented blood pressure. These data demonstrate that the κ-OR/TRPC6 signaling directly influences podocyte calcium handling, provoking the development of kidney injury in the opioid-treated hypertensive cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Golosova
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Oleg Palygin
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Ruslan Bohovyk
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | | | - Denisha R Spires
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Elena Isaeva
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Ashraf El-Meanawy
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Alexander Staruschenko
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA .,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Clement J. Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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25
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Dou Y, Shang Y, Shen Y, Qu J, Liu C, Cao J. Baicalin alleviates adriamycin-induced focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and proteinuria by inhibiting the Notch1-Snail axis mediated podocyte EMT. Life Sci 2020; 257:118010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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26
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Lindemann O, Rossaint J, Najder K, Schimmelpfennig S, Hofschröer V, Wälte M, Fels B, Oberleithner H, Zarbock A, Schwab A. Intravascular adhesion and recruitment of neutrophils in response to CXCL1 depends on their TRPC6 channels. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:349-360. [PMID: 31950205 PMCID: PMC7080674 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-01872-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Here we report a novel role for TRPC6, a member of the transient receptor potential (TRPC) channel family, in the CXCL1-dependent recruitment of murine neutrophil granulocytes. Representing a central element of the innate immune system, neutrophils are recruited from the blood stream to a site of inflammation. The recruitment process follows a well-defined sequence of events including adhesion to the blood vessel walls, migration, and chemotaxis to reach the inflammatory focus. A common feature of the underlying signaling pathways is the utilization of Ca2+ ions as intracellular second messengers. However, the required Ca2+ influx channels are not yet fully characterized. We used WT and TRPC6−/− neutrophils for in vitro and TRPC6−/− chimeric mice (WT mice with WT or TRPC6−/− bone marrow cells) for in vivo studies. After renal ischemia and reperfusion injury, TRPC6−/− chimeric mice had an attenuated TRPC6−/− neutrophil recruitment and a better outcome as judged from the reduced increase in the plasma creatinine concentration. In the cremaster model CXCL1-induced neutrophil adhesion, arrest and transmigration were also decreased in chimeric mice with TRPC6−/− neutrophils. Using atomic force microscopy and microfluidics, we could attribute the recruitment defect of TRPC6−/− neutrophils to the impact of the channel on adhesion to endothelial cells. Mechanistically, TRPC6−/− neutrophils exhibited lower Ca2+ transients during the initial adhesion leading to diminished Rap1 and β2 integrin activation and thereby reduced ICAM-1 binding. In summary, our study reveals that TRPC6 channels in neutrophils are crucial signaling modules in their recruitment from the blood stream in response to CXCL1. Key point Neutrophil TRPC6 channels are crucial for CXCL1-triggered activation of integrins during the initial steps of neutrophil recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto Lindemann
- Institute of Physiology II, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Jan Rossaint
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Karolina Najder
- Institute of Physiology II, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Verena Hofschröer
- Institute of Physiology II, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Mike Wälte
- Institute of Physiology II, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany.,Institute of Cell Dynamics and Imaging, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Benedikt Fels
- Institute of Physiology II, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans Oberleithner
- Institute of Physiology II, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Zarbock
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Albrecht Schwab
- Institute of Physiology II, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany.
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27
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Wang L, Chang JH, Buckley AF, Spurney RF. Knockout of TRPC6 promotes insulin resistance and exacerbates glomerular injury in Akita mice. Kidney Int 2020; 95:321-332. [PMID: 30665571 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gain-of-function mutations in TRPC6 cause familial focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, and TRPC6 is upregulated in glomerular diseases including diabetic kidney disease. We studied the effect of systemic TRPC6 knockout in the Akita model of type 1 diabetes. Knockout of TRPC6 inhibited albuminuria in Akita mice at 12 and 16 weeks of age, but this difference disappeared by 20 weeks. Knockout of TRPC6 also reduced tubular injury in Akita mice; however, mesangial expansion was significantly increased. Hyperglycemia and blood pressure were similar between TRPC6 knockout and wild-type Akita mice, but knockout mice were more insulin resistant. In cultured podocytes, knockout of TRPC6 inhibited expression of the calcium/calcineurin responsive gene insulin receptor substrate 2 and decreased insulin responsiveness. Insulin resistance is reported to promote diabetic kidney disease independent of blood glucose levels. While the mechanisms are not fully understood, insulin activates both Akt2 and ERK, which inhibits apoptosis signal regulated kinase 1 (ASK1)-p38-induced apoptosis. In cultured podocytes, hyperglycemia stimulated p38 signaling and induced apoptosis, which was reduced by insulin and ASK1 inhibition and enhanced by Akt or ERK inhibition. Glomerular p38 signaling was increased in TRPC6 knockout Akita mice and was associated with enhanced expression of the p38 gene target cyclooxygenase 2. These data suggest that knockout of TRPC6 in Akita mice promotes insulin resistance and exacerbates glomerular disease independent of hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Health System, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jae-Hyung Chang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anne F Buckley
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert F Spurney
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Health System, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
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28
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Hall G, Wang L, Spurney RF. TRPC Channels in Proteinuric Kidney Diseases. Cells 2019; 9:cells9010044. [PMID: 31877991 PMCID: PMC7016871 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Over a decade ago, mutations in the gene encoding TRPC6 (transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 6) were linked to development of familial forms of nephrosis. Since this discovery, TRPC6 has been implicated in the pathophysiology of non-genetic forms of kidney disease including focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), diabetic nephropathy, immune-mediated kidney diseases, and renal fibrosis. On the basis of these findings, TRPC6 has become an important target for the development of therapeutic agents to treat diverse kidney diseases. Although TRPC6 has been a major focus for drug discovery, more recent studies suggest that other TRPC family members play a role in the pathogenesis of glomerular disease processes and chronic kidney disease (CKD). This review highlights the data implicating TRPC6 and other TRPC family members in both genetic and non-genetic forms of kidney disease, focusing on TRPC3, TRPC5, and TRPC6 in a cell type (glomerular podocytes) that plays a key role in proteinuric kidney diseases.
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29
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Fiedler S, Storch U, Erdogmus S, Gudermann T, Mederos Y Schnitzler M, Dietrich A. Small Fluorescein Arsenical Hairpin-Based Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Analysis Reveals Changes in Amino- to Carboxyl-Terminal Interactions upon OAG Activation of Classical Transient Receptor Potential 6. Mol Pharmacol 2019; 96:90-98. [PMID: 31171574 DOI: 10.1124/mol.119.115949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the overall structure of many classical transient receptor potential proteins (TRPC), including human and murine TRPC6, were recently resolved by cryoelectron microscopy analysis, structural changes during channel activation by 1-oleoyl-1-acetyl-sn-glycerol (OAG), the membrane-permeable analog of diacylglycerol, were not defined. Moreover, data on carboxyl- and amino-terminal interactions were not provided, as the amino-terminal regions of murine and human TRPC6 were not resolved. Therefore, we employed a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) approach using a small fluorescein arsenical hairpin (FlAsH) targeted to a short tetracysteine sequence at the unresolved amino-terminus and cerulean, a cyan fluorescent protein, as a tag at the carboxyl-terminus of the murine TRPC6 protein. After OAG as well as GSK-1702934A activation, FRET efficiency was simultaneously and significantly reduced, indicating a decreased interaction between the amino to carboxyl termini in the functional tagged murine TRPC6 tetramer (TRPC6 WT) heterologously expressed in human embryonic kidney 293T cells. There was a significant reduction in the FRET signal obtained from analysis of murine TRPC6 FRET constructs with homologous amino-terminal mutations (M131T, G108S) that had been identified in human patients with inherited focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, a condition that can lead to end-stage renal disease. A novel, designed loss-of-function TRPC6 mutation (N109A) in the amino-terminus in close proximity to the carboxyl-terminus produced similar FRET ratios. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Our data show for the first time that FlAsH-tagging of ion channels is a promising tool to study conformational changes after channel opening and may significantly advance the analysis of ion channel activation as well as their mutants involved in channelopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Fiedler
- Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) (S.F., U.S., S.E., T.G., M.M.S., A.D.) and Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK) (U.S.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (T.G., M.M.S.); and Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Munich, Germany (T.G., A.D.)
| | - Ursula Storch
- Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) (S.F., U.S., S.E., T.G., M.M.S., A.D.) and Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK) (U.S.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (T.G., M.M.S.); and Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Munich, Germany (T.G., A.D.)
| | - Serap Erdogmus
- Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) (S.F., U.S., S.E., T.G., M.M.S., A.D.) and Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK) (U.S.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (T.G., M.M.S.); and Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Munich, Germany (T.G., A.D.)
| | - Thomas Gudermann
- Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) (S.F., U.S., S.E., T.G., M.M.S., A.D.) and Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK) (U.S.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (T.G., M.M.S.); and Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Munich, Germany (T.G., A.D.)
| | - Michael Mederos Y Schnitzler
- Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) (S.F., U.S., S.E., T.G., M.M.S., A.D.) and Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK) (U.S.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (T.G., M.M.S.); and Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Munich, Germany (T.G., A.D.)
| | - Alexander Dietrich
- Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) (S.F., U.S., S.E., T.G., M.M.S., A.D.) and Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK) (U.S.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (T.G., M.M.S.); and Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Munich, Germany (T.G., A.D.)
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30
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Hassanzadeh Khayyat N, Kim EY, Dryer SE. TRPC6 inactivation does not protect against diabetic kidney disease in streptozotocin (STZ)-treated Sprague-Dawley rats. FASEB Bioadv 2019; 1:773-782. [PMID: 32123821 PMCID: PMC6996301 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2019-00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Canonical transient receptor potential-6 (TRPC6) channels have been implicated in the progression of several forms of kidney disease (1). While there is strong evidence that glomerular TRPC6 channels are dysregulated in diabetic nephropathy (DN), there is no consensus as to whether deletion or inactivation of TRPC6 is protective in animal models of DN. A previous study in Dahl salt-sensitive rats suggests that TRPC6 knockout has a modest protective effect in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DN (2). In the present study, we examined whether inactivation of TRPC6 channels by CRISPR/Cas9 editing (Trpc6 del/del rats) affects progression of STZ-induced DN in Sprague-Dawley rats. Wild-type littermates (Trpc6 wt/wt rats) were used as controls. We observed that a single injection of STZ resulted in severe hyperglycemia that was sustained over a 10-week period, accompanied by a marked reduction in circulating C-peptide, dyslipidemia, and failure to gain weight compared to vehicle-treated animals. Those effects were equally severe in Trpc6 wt/wt and Trpc6 del/del rats. STZ treatment resulted in increased urine albumin excretion at 4, 8, and 10 weeks after injection, and this effect was equally severe in Trpc6 wt/wt and Trpc6 del/del rats. TRPC6 inactivation had no effect on blood urea nitrogen (BUN), plasma creatinine concentration, urine nephrin excretion, or kidney weight:body weight ratio measured 10 weeks after STZ injection. STZ treatment evoked modest and equivalent mesangial expansion in Trpc6 wt/wt and Trpc6 del/del rats. In summary, we observed no protective effect of TRPC6 inactivation on STZ-induced DN in rats on the Sprague-Dawley background.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eun Young Kim
- Department of Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of HoustonHoustonTXUSA
| | - Stuart E. Dryer
- Department of Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of HoustonHoustonTXUSA
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Houston College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
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Pablo JL, Greka A. Charting a TRP to Novel Therapeutic Destinations for Kidney Diseases. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2019; 40:911-918. [PMID: 31704171 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ion channels are critical to kidney function, and their dysregulation leads to several distinct kidney diseases. Of the diversity of ion channels in kidney cells, the transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily of proteins plays important and varied roles in both maintaining homeostasis as well as in causing disease. Recent work showed that TRPC5 blockers could successfully protect critical components of the kidney filter both in vitro and in vivo, thus revealing TRPC5 as a tractable therapeutic target for focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), a common cause of kidney failure. Human genetics point to three additional TRP channels as plausible therapeutic targets: TRPC6 in FSGS, PKD2 in polycystic kidney disease, and TRPM6 in familial hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia (HSH). We conclude that targeting TRP channels could pave the way for much needed therapies for kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Lorenzo Pablo
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anna Greka
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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32
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Lu XY, Liu BC, Cao YZ, Song C, Su H, Chen G, Klein JD, Zhang HX, Wang LH, Ma HP. High glucose reduces expression of podocin in cultured human podocytes by stimulating TRPC6. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F1605-F1611. [PMID: 31566428 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00215.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential canonical 6 (TRPC6) channel and podocin are colocalized in the glomerular slit diaphragm as an important complex to maintain podocyte function. Gain of TRPC6 function and loss of podocin function induce podocyte injury. We have previously shown that high glucose induces apoptosis of podocytes by activating TRPC6; however, whether the activated TRPC6 can alter podocin expression remains unknown. Western blot analysis and confocal microscopy were used to examine both expression levels of TRPC6, podocin, and nephrin and morphological changes of podocytes in response to high glucose. High glucose increased the expression of TRPC6 but reduced the expression of podocin and nephrin, in both cultured human podocytes and type 1 diabetic rat kidneys. The decreased podocin was diminished in TRPC6 knockdown podocytes. High glucose elevated intracellular Ca2+ in control podocytes but not in TRPC6 knockdown podocytes. High glucose also elevated the expression of a tight junction protein, zonula occludens-1, and induced the redistribution of zonula occludens-1 and loss of podocyte processes. These data together suggest that high glucose reduces protein levels of podocin by activating TRPC6 and induces morphological changes of cultured podocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Lu
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.,Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Bing-Chen Liu
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,Department of Cardiology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ze Cao
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Song
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.,Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Hua Su
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Guangping Chen
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Janet D Klein
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Hui-Xue Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Hua Wang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - He-Ping Ma
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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33
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TRPC6 in diabetic kidney disease: good guy or bad guy? Kidney Int 2019; 95:256-258. [PMID: 30665563 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An association of altered activity of transient receptor potential cation channel C6 (TRPC6) with the development of various diabetic complications was previously reported. In this issue, Wang et al. tested the contribution of TRPC6 in type 1 diabetes setting by breeding Akita mice with TRPC6 knockout mice. The authors revealed that the knockout of TRPC6 decreased proteinuria and attenuated tubule injury but promoted mesangial expansion in Akita mice. Therefore, TRPC6 has both beneficial and detrimental effects on glomeruli function.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The underlining goal of this review is to offer a concise, detailed look into current knowledge surrounding transient receptor potential canonical channel 6 (TRPC6) in the progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). RECENT FINDINGS Mutations and over-activation in TRPC6 channel activity lead to the development of glomeruli injury. Angiotensin II, reactive oxygen species, and other factors in the setting of DKD stimulate drastic increases in calcium influx through the TRPC6 channel, causing podocyte hypertrophy and foot process effacement. Loss of the podocytes further promote deterioration of the glomerular filtration barrier and play a major role in the development of both albuminuria and the renal injury in DKD. Recent genetic manipulation with TRPC6 channels in various rodent models provide additional knowledge about the role of TRPC6 in DKD and are reviewed here. The TRPC6 channel has a pronounced role in the progression of DKD, with deviations in activity yielding detrimental outcomes. The benefits of targeting TRPC6 or its upstream or downstream signaling pathways in DKD are prominent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Staruschenko
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
- Clement J. Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, 53295, USA.
| | - Denisha Spires
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Oleg Palygin
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
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35
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Dryer SE, Roshanravan H, Kim EY. TRPC channels: Regulation, dysregulation and contributions to chronic kidney disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:1041-1066. [PMID: 30953689 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding canonical transient receptor potential-6 (TRPC6) channels result in severe nephrotic syndromes that typically lead to end-stage renal disease. Many but not all of these mutations result in a gain in the function of the resulting channel protein. Since those observations were first made, substantial work has supported the hypothesis that TRPC6 channels can also contribute to progression of acquired (non-genetic) glomerular diseases, including primary and secondary FSGS, glomerulosclerosis during autoimmune glomerulonephritis, and possibly in type-1 diabetes. Their regulation has been extensively studied, especially in podocytes, but also in mesangial cells and other cell types present in the kidney. More recent evidence has implicated TRPC6 in renal fibrosis and tubulointerstitial disease caused by urinary obstruction. Consequently TRPC6 is being extensively investigated as a target for drug discovery. Other TRPC family members are present in kidney. TRPC6 can form a functional heteromultimer with TRPC3, and it has been suggested that TRPC5 may also play a role in glomerular disease progression, although the evidence on this is contradictory. Here we review literature on the expression and regulation of TRPC6, TRPC3 and TRPC5 in various cell types of the vertebrate kidney, the evidence that these channels are dysregulated in disease models, and research showing that knock-out or pharmacological inhibition of these channels can reduce the severity of kidney disease. We also summarize several areas that remain controversial, and some of the large gaps of knowledge concerning the fundamental role of these proteins in regulation of renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart E Dryer
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Hila Roshanravan
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eun Young Kim
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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36
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Khayyat NH, Kim EY, Dryer SE. TRPC6 Inactivation Does Not Protect Against Diabetic Kidney Disease in Streptozotocin (STZ)‐treated Sprague‐Dawley Rats. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.567.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eun Young Kim
- Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of HoustonHoustonTX
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37
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Spires D, Manis AD, Staruschenko A. Ion channels and transporters in diabetic kidney disease. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2019; 83:353-396. [PMID: 31196609 PMCID: PMC6815098 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus are major medical epidemics affecting millions of patients worldwide. Diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), which is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). DKD is associated with significant changes in renal hemodynamics and electrolyte transport. Alterations in renal ion transport triggered by pathophysiological conditions in diabetes can exacerbate hypertension, accelerate renal injury, and are integral to the development of DKD. Renal ion transporters and electrolyte homeostasis play a fundamental role in functional changes and injury to the kidney during DKD. With the large number of ion transporters involved in DKD, understanding the roles of individual transporters as well as the complex cascades through which they interact is essential in the development of effective treatments for patients suffering from this disease. This chapter aims to gather current knowledge of the major renal ion transporters with altered expression and activity under diabetic conditions, and provide a comprehensive overview of their interactions and collective functions in DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisha Spires
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Anna D Manis
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Alexander Staruschenko
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Clement J. Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, United States.
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38
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TRPC6 inactivation does not affect loss of renal function in nephrotoxic serum glomerulonephritis in rats, but reduces severity of glomerular lesions. Biochem Biophys Rep 2019; 17:139-150. [PMID: 30662960 PMCID: PMC6325086 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Canonical transient receptor potential-6 (TRPC6) channels have been implicated in a variety of chronic kidney diseases including familial and acquired forms of focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and renal fibrosis following ureteral obstruction. Here we have examined the role of TRPC6 in progression of inflammation and fibrosis in the nephrotoxic serum (NTS) model of crescentic glomerulonephritis. This was assessed in rats with non-functional TRPC6 channels due to genomic disruption of an essential domain in TRPC6 channels (Trpc6del/del rats) and wild-type littermates (Trpc6wt/wt rats). Administration of NTS evoked albuminuria and proteinuria observed 4 and 28 days later that was equally severe in Trpc6wt/wt and Trpc6del/del rats. By 28 days, there were dense deposits of complement and IgG within glomeruli in both genotypes, accompanied by severe inflammation and fibrosis readily observed by standard histological methods, and also by increases in renal cortical expression of multiple markers (α-smooth muscle actin, vimentin, NLRP3, and CD68). Tubulointerstitial fibrosis appeared equally severe in Trpc6wt/wt and Trpc6del/del rats. TRPC6 inactivation did not protect against the substantial declines in renal function (increases in blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine and kidney:body weight ratio) in NTS-treated animals, and increases in a urine maker of proximal tubule pathology (β2-macroglobulin) were actually more severe in Trpc6del/del animals. By contrast, glomerular pathology, blindly scored from histology, and from renal cortical expression of podocin suggested a partial but significant protective effect of TRPC6 inactivation within the glomerular compartment, at least during the autologous phase of the NTS model. TRPC6 inactivation in rats does not affect declines in overall renal function in an autoimmune model of rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis. TRPC6 inactivation does not reduce renal fibrosis or tubulointerstitial disease in autoimmune glomerulonephritis, and may exacerbate proximal tubule dysfunction in this model. TRPC6 inactivation reduces glomerulosclerosis and podocyte loss in autoimmune glomerulonephritis in rats.
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Key Words
- BUN, blood urea nitrogen
- CKD, chronic kidney disease
- Chronic kidney disease
- FSGS, focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis
- GBM, glomerular basement membrane
- Glomerulonephritis
- IL-1β, interleukin 1β
- NLRP3, NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing-3 protein
- NTS, nephrotoxic serum
- PAN, puromycin amino nucleoside
- PAS, periodic acid-Schiff’s stain
- Renal fibrosis
- SMA, α-smooth muscle actin
- TCA, trichloroacetic acid
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- TRPC3, canonical transient receptor potential-3 channel
- TRPC5, canonical transient receptor potential-5 channel
- TRPC6
- TRPC6, canonical transient receptor potential-6 channel
- UUO, unilateral ureteral obstruction
- suPAR, soluble urokinase receptor
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39
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Mechanisms underlying modulation of podocyte TRPC6 channels by suPAR: Role of NADPH oxidases and Src family tyrosine kinases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:3527-3536. [PMID: 30293571 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The soluble urokinase receptor (suPAR) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney diseases (CKD) and may function as a circulating "permeability factor" driving primary focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Here we examined the mechanisms whereby suPAR causes mobilization and increased activation of Ca2+-permeable TRPC6 channels, which are also implicated in FSGS. Treatment of immortalized mouse podocytes with recombinant suPAR for 24 h caused a marked increase in cytosolic reactive oxygen species (ROS) that required signaling through integrins. This effect was associated with increased assembly of active cell surface NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2) complexes and was blocked by the Nox2 inhibitor apoycynin. Treatment with suPAR also evoked a functionally measurable increase in TRPC6 channels that was blocked by concurrent treatment with the ROS-quencher TEMPOL as well as by inhibition of Rac1, an essential component of active Nox2 complexes. Elevated ROS evoked by exposing cells to suPAR or H2O2 caused a marked increase in the abundance of tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins including Src, and suPAR-evoked Src activation was blocked by TEMPOL. Moreover, mobilization and increased activation of TRPC6 by suPAR or H2O2 was blocked by concurrent exposure to PP2, an inhibitor of Src family tyrosine kinases. These data suggest that suPAR induces oxidative stress in podocytes that in turn drives signaling through Src family kinases to upregulate TRPC6 channels. The combination of oxidative stress and altered Ca2+ signaling may contribute to loss of podocytes and progression of various forms of CKD.
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40
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Dryer SE, Kim EY. Permeation and Rectification in Canonical Transient Receptor Potential-6 (TRPC6) Channels. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1055. [PMID: 30123138 PMCID: PMC6085515 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential-6 channels are widely expressed cation channels that play a role in regulating Ca2+ dynamics, especially during G protein-coupled receptor signaling. The permeation of cations through TRPC6 is complex and the relative permeability to Ca2+ relative to monovalent cations appears to be highly voltage-dependent and is reduced upon membrane depolarization. Many investigators have observed complex current-voltage (I-V) relationships in recordings of TRPC6 channels, which often manifest as flattening of I-V curves between 0 and +40 mV and negative to -60 mV. These features are especially common in recordings from TRPC6 channels expressed in heterologous expression systems. Indeed, it is sometimes argued that marked rectification at both negative and positive membrane potentials is a defining feature of TRPC6, and that recordings in which these features are reduced or absent cannot reflect activity of TRPC6. Here we present a review of the literature to show that complex rectification is not seen in every cell type expressing TRPC6, even when comparing recordings made from the same groups of investigators, or in recordings from what is nominally the same heterologous expression system. Therefore other criteria, such as gene knockout or knockdown, or the use of newly emerging selective blockers, must be used to ascertain that a given current reflects activity of endogenously expressed TRPC6 channels. We also discuss the possibility that complex rectification may not be an intrinsic property of TRPC6 in cells where it is observed, and may instead reflect presence of endogenous substances that cause voltage-dependent inhibition of the channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart E Dryer
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Eun Young Kim
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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41
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Ramirez GA, Coletto LA, Sciorati C, Bozzolo EP, Manunta P, Rovere-Querini P, Manfredi AA. Ion Channels and Transporters in Inflammation: Special Focus on TRP Channels and TRPC6. Cells 2018; 7:E70. [PMID: 29973568 PMCID: PMC6070975 DOI: 10.3390/cells7070070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergy and autoimmune diseases are characterised by a multifactorial pathogenic background. Several genes involved in the control of innate and adaptive immunity have been associated with diseases and variably combine with each other as well as with environmental factors and epigenetic processes to shape the characteristics of individual manifestations. Systemic or local perturbations in salt/water balance and in ion exchanges between the intra- and extracellular spaces or among tissues play a role. In this field, usually referred to as elementary immunology, novel evidence has been recently acquired on the role of members of the transient potential receptor (TRP) channel family in several cellular mechanisms of potential significance for the pathophysiology of the immune response. TRP canonical channel 6 (TRPC6) is emerging as a functional element for the control of calcium currents in immune-committed cells and target tissues. In fact, TRPC6 influences leukocytes’ tasks such as transendothelial migration, chemotaxis, phagocytosis and cytokine release. TRPC6 also modulates the sensitivity of immune cells to apoptosis and influences tissue susceptibility to ischemia-reperfusion injury and excitotoxicity. Here, we provide a view of the interactions between ion exchanges and inflammation with a focus on the pathogenesis of immune-mediated diseases and potential future therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe A Ramirez
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy.
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy.
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Immunity, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | - Lavinia A Coletto
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy.
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy.
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Immunity, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | - Clara Sciorati
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy.
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Immunity, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | - Enrica P Bozzolo
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy.
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | - Paolo Manunta
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy.
- Unit of Nephrology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Rovere-Querini
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy.
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy.
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Immunity, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | - Angelo A Manfredi
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy.
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy.
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Immunity, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy.
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42
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Spires D, Ilatovskaya DV, Levchenko V, North PE, Geurts AM, Palygin O, Staruschenko A. Protective role of Trpc6 knockout in the progression of diabetic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 315:F1091-F1097. [PMID: 29923767 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00155.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a chronic kidney pathology that leads to end-stage renal disease. Previous studies from our laboratory indicate that there is an association between the development of DKD and the transient receptor potential canonical 6 (TRPC6) channel. Trpc6 expression and activity were increased in the streptozotocin (STZ)-treated Dahl Salt-sensitive (Dahl SS) rat, an established model of type 1 diabetes. Here, using a Trpc6 knockout created on the Dahl SS rat background (SSTrpc6-/-), we test the hypothesis that the absence of Trpc6 will protect podocytes and kidney function during the development of DKD. Four groups of animals (control SSWT, SSTrpc6-/-, STZ-treated SSWT, and STZ-SSTrpc6-/-) were utilized in this study. Diabetes development was monitored for 11 wk after STZ injection with periodic weight, glucose, and urinary output measurements. There was an increase in albuminuria and glomerular injury following STZ treatment, which was not different between Dahl SS and SSTrpc6-/- groups. Western blot analysis revealed elevated levels of nephrin in urine samples of STZ-SSWT rats, which was higher compared with STZ-SSTrpc6-/- rats. Furthermore, pathological increases in basal [Ca2+]i levels and foot process damage of podocytes during the development of DKD was attenuated in the STZ-SSTrpc6-/- compared with STZ-SSWT rats. Overall, our data indicate that TRPC6 channel inhibition may have at least partial renoprotective effects, which could lead to the development of new pharmacological tools to treat or prevent the progression of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisha Spires
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Daria V Ilatovskaya
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Medicine, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Vladislav Levchenko
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Paula E North
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Aron M Geurts
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Oleg Palygin
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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