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Kraus A, Skoczynski K, Brötsch M, Burzlaff N, Leipziger J, Schiffer M, Büttner-Herold M, Buchholz B. P2Y2R and Cyst Growth in Polycystic Kidney Disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2024:00001751-990000000-00348. [PMID: 38848134 DOI: 10.1681/asn.0000000000000416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Key Points
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is characterized by continuous cyst growth, which results in a decline in kidney function.Deletion of P2Y2R and pharmacological antagonism of purinergic signaling significantly reduced cyst growth in an orthologous PKD mouse model.P2Y2R was expressed in cysts of human PKD nephrectomies, which makes P2Y2R a reasonable target for treatment of PKD.
Background
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is characterized by multiple bilateral kidney cysts that gradually enlarge, resulting in a decline in kidney function. Cyst growth is significantly driven by ATP-dependent chloride secretion mediated by the ion channel TMEM16A. This pathway is further augmented in advanced stages of the disease by hypoxia and activation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α. The mechanisms by which ATP leads to activation of TMEM16A and how HIF-1α contributes to cyst growth in vivo have remained elusive.
Methods
Mice with an inducible tubule-specific deletion of Pkd1 were compared with mice with an additional codeletion of the purinergic receptor P2y2r. Furthermore, animals were challenged by pharmacological activation of HIF-1α and Pkd1-deficient mice were treated with suramin, an antagonist of purinergic signaling. In addition, expression of P2Y2R, TMEM16A, and HIF-1α was analyzed in nephrectomy samples from 27 patients with ADPKD.
Results
Genetic deletion of P2y2r significantly inhibited cyst growth in vivo. In addition, aggravation of the polycystic phenotype mediated by pharmacological activation of HIF-1α was reduced by deletion of P2y2r. Application of suramin to pharmacologically inhibit purinergic signaling also suppressed cyst enlargement in vivo. Analysis of kidney samples from 27 patients with ADPKD revealed significant expression of P2Y2R at the luminal site of the cyst-lining epithelium.
Conclusions
P2Y2R was significantly expressed in human and mouse polycystic kidneys. Deletion and antagonism of P2Y2R reduced cyst enlargement in an ADPKD mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Kraus
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Skoczynski
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Brötsch
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicolai Burzlaff
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jens Leipziger
- Department of Biomedicine, Physiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mario Schiffer
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maike Büttner-Herold
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bjoern Buchholz
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
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Ousingsawat J, Talbi K, Gómez-Martín H, Koy A, Fernández-Jaén A, Tekgül H, Serdaroğlu E, Schreiber R, Ortigoza-Escobar JD, Kunzelmann K. Broadening the clinical spectrum: molecular mechanisms and new phenotypes of ANO3-dystonia. Brain 2024; 147:1982-1995. [PMID: 38079528 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Anoctamin 3 (ANO3) belongs to a family of transmembrane proteins that form phospholipid scramblases and ion channels. A large number of ANO3 variants were identified as the cause of craniocervical dystonia, but the underlying pathogenic mechanisms remain obscure. It was suggested that ANO3 variants may dysregulate intracellular Ca2+ signalling, as variants in other Ca2+ regulating proteins like hippocalcin were also identified as a cause of dystonia. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive evaluation of the clinical, radiological and molecular characteristics of four individuals from four families who carried heterozygous variants in ANO3. The median age at follow-up was 6.6 years (ranging from 3.8 to 8.7 years). Three individuals presented with hypotonia and motor developmental delay. Two patients exhibited generalized progressive dystonia, while one patient presented with paroxysmal dystonia. Additionally, another patient exhibited early dyskinetic encephalopathy. One patient underwent bipallidal deep brain stimulation (DBS) and showed a mild but noteworthy response, while another patient is currently being considered for DBS treatment. Neuroimaging analysis of brain MRI studies did not reveal any specific abnormalities. The molecular spectrum included two novel ANO3 variants (V561L and S116L) and two previously reported ANO3 variants (A599D and S651N). As anoctamins are suggested to affect intracellular Ca2+ signals, we compared Ca2+ signalling and activation of ion channels in cells expressing wild-type ANO3 and cells expressing anoctamin variants. Novel V561L and S116L variants were compared with previously reported A599D and S651N variants and with wild-type ANO3 expressed in fibroblasts isolated from patients or when overexpressed in HEK293 cells. We identified ANO3 as a Ca2+-activated phospholipid scramblase that also conducts ions. Impaired Ca2+ signalling and compromised activation of Ca2+-dependent K+ channels were detected in cells expressing ANO3 variants. In the brain striatal cells of affected patients, impaired activation of KCa3.1 channels due to compromised Ca2+ signals may lead to depolarized membrane voltage and neuronal hyperexcitability and may also lead to reduced cellular viability, as shown in the present study. In conclusion, our study reveals the association between ANO3 variants and paroxysmal dystonia, representing the first reported link between these variants and this specific dystonic phenotype. We demonstrate that ANO3 functions as a Ca2+-activated phospholipid scramblase and ion channel; cells expressing ANO3 variants exhibit impaired Ca2+ signalling and compromised activation of Ca2+-dependent K+ channels. These findings provide a mechanism for the observed clinical manifestations and highlight the importance of ANO3 for neuronal excitability and cellular viability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khaoula Talbi
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hilario Gómez-Martín
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Castilla y Leon, Spain
| | - Anne Koy
- Centre for Rare Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Köln, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University, Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Köln, Germany
| | - Alberto Fernández-Jaén
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hospital Universitario Quirónsalud, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
- School of Medicine, Universidad Europea De Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hasan Tekgül
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Ege Children's Hospital, Ege University Medical School, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Esra Serdaroğlu
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Gazi University, Emniyet, 06560 Yenimahalle, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Rainer Schreiber
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Juan Dario Ortigoza-Escobar
- U-703 Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Movement Disorders Unit, Pediatric Neurology Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
- European Reference Network for Rare Neurological Diseases (ERN-RND), 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Karl Kunzelmann
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
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3
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Schreiber R, Ousingsawat J, Kunzelmann K. The anoctamins: Structure and function. Cell Calcium 2024; 120:102885. [PMID: 38642428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2024.102885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
When activated by increase in intracellular Ca2+, anoctamins (TMEM16 proteins) operate as phospholipid scramblases and as ion channels. Anoctamin 1 (ANO1) is the Ca2+-activated epithelial anion-selective channel that is coexpressed together with the abundant scramblase ANO6 and additional intracellular anoctamins. In salivary and pancreatic glands, ANO1 is tightly packed in the apical membrane and secretes Cl-. Epithelia of airways and gut use cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) as an apical Cl- exit pathway while ANO1 supports Cl- secretion mainly by facilitating activation of luminal CFTR and basolateral K+ channels. Under healthy conditions ANO1 modulates intracellular Ca2+ signals by tethering the endoplasmic reticulum, and except of glands its direct secretory contribution as Cl- channel might be small, compared to CFTR. In the kidneys ANO1 supports proximal tubular acid secretion and protein reabsorption and probably helps to excrete HCO3-in the collecting duct epithelium. However, under pathological conditions as in polycystic kidney disease, ANO1 is strongly upregulated and may cause enhanced proliferation and cyst growth. Under pathological condition, ANO1 and ANO6 are upregulated and operate as secretory channel/phospholipid scramblases, partly by supporting Ca2+-dependent processes. Much less is known about the role of other epithelial anoctamins whose potential functions are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Schreiber
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University street 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jiraporn Ousingsawat
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University street 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karl Kunzelmann
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University street 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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Ousingsawat J, Centeio R, Schreiber R, Kunzelmann K. Niclosamide, but not ivermectin, inhibits anoctamin 1 and 6 and attenuates inflammation of the respiratory tract. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:211-227. [PMID: 37979051 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02878-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory airway diseases like cystic fibrosis, asthma and COVID-19 are characterized by high levels of pulmonary cytokines. Two well-established antiparasitic drugs, niclosamide and ivermectin, are intensively discussed for the treatment of viral inflammatory airway infections. Here, we examined these repurposed drugs with respect to their anti-inflammatory effects in airways in vivo and in vitro. Niclosamide reduced mucus content, eosinophilic infiltration and cell death in asthmatic mouse lungs in vivo and inhibited release of interleukins in the two differentiated airway epithelial cell lines CFBE and BCi-NS1.1 in vitro. Cytokine release was also inhibited by the knockdown of the Ca2+-activated Cl- channel anoctamin 1 (ANO1, TMEM16A) and the phospholipid scramblase anoctamin 6 (ANO6, TMEM16F), which have previously been shown to affect intracellular Ca2+ levels near the plasma membrane and to facilitate exocytosis. At concentrations around 200 nM, niclosamide inhibited inflammation, lowered intracellular Ca2+, acidified cytosolic pH and blocked activation of ANO1 and ANO6. It is suggested that niclosamide brings about its anti-inflammatory effects at least in part by inhibiting ANO1 and ANO6, and by lowering intracellular Ca2+ levels. In contrast to niclosamide, 1 µM ivermectin did not exert any of the effects described for niclosamide. The present data suggest niclosamide as an effective anti-inflammatory treatment in CF, asthma, and COVID-19, in addition to its previously reported antiviral effects. It has an advantageous concentration-response relationship and is known to be well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiraporn Ousingsawat
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, Germany University Street 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Raquel Centeio
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, Germany University Street 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Schreiber
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, Germany University Street 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karl Kunzelmann
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, Germany University Street 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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5
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Ji JL, Li JY, Liang JX, Zhou Y, Liu CC, Zhang Y, Zhang AQ, Liu H, Ma RX, Li ZL. Tubular TMEM16A promotes tubulointerstitial fibrosis by suppressing PGC-1α-mediated mitochondrial homeostasis in diabetic kidney disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:347. [PMID: 37943391 PMCID: PMC11072291 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05000-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) plays a crucial role in the progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain obscure. The present study aimed to examine whether transmembrane member 16A (TMEM16A), a Ca2+-activated chloride channel, contributes to the development of TIF in DKD. Interestingly, we found that TMEM16A expression was significantly up-regulated in tubule of murine model of DKD, which was associated with development of TIF. In vivo inhibition of TMEM16A channel activity with specific inhibitors Ani9 effectively protects against TIF. Then, we found that TMEM16A activation induces tubular mitochondrial dysfunction in in vivo and in vitro models, with the evidence of the TMEM16A inhibition with specific inhibitor. Mechanically, TMEM16A mediated tubular mitochondrial dysfunction through inhibiting PGC-1α, whereas overexpression of PGC-1α could rescue the changes. In addition, TMEM16A-induced fibrogenesis was dependent on increased intracellular Cl-, and reducing intracellular Cl- significantly blunted high glucose-induced PGC-1α and profibrotic factors expression. Taken together, our studies demonstrated that tubular TMEM16A promotes TIF by suppressing PGC-1α-mediated mitochondrial homeostasis in DKD. Blockade of TMEM16A may serve as a novel therapeutic approach to ameliorate TIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ling Ji
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun-Ying Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jian-Xiang Liang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cong-Cong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ai-Qing Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Rui-Xia Ma
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
| | - Zuo-Lin Li
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Kunzelmann K, Ousingsawat J, Kraus A, Park JH, Marquardt T, Schreiber R, Buchholz B. Pathogenic Relationships in Cystic Fibrosis and Renal Diseases: CFTR, SLC26A9 and Anoctamins. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13278. [PMID: 37686084 PMCID: PMC10487509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The Cl--transporting proteins CFTR, SLC26A9, and anoctamin (ANO1; ANO6) appear to have more in common than initially suspected, as they all participate in the pathogenic process and clinical outcomes of airway and renal diseases. In the present review, we will therefore concentrate on recent findings concerning electrolyte transport in the airways and kidneys, and the role of CFTR, SLC26A9, and the anoctamins ANO1 and ANO6. Special emphasis will be placed on cystic fibrosis and asthma, as well as renal alkalosis and polycystic kidney disease. In essence, we will summarize recent evidence indicating that CFTR is the only relevant secretory Cl- channel in airways under basal (nonstimulated) conditions and after stimulation by secretagogues. Information is provided on the expressions of ANO1 and ANO6, which are important for the correct expression and function of CFTR. In addition, there is evidence that the Cl- transporter SLC26A9 expressed in the airways may have a reabsorptive rather than a Cl--secretory function. In the renal collecting ducts, bicarbonate secretion occurs through a synergistic action of CFTR and the Cl-/HCO3- transporter SLC26A4 (pendrin), which is probably supported by ANO1. Finally, in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), the secretory function of CFTR in renal cyst formation may have been overestimated, whereas ANO1 and ANO6 have now been shown to be crucial in ADPKD and therefore represent new pharmacological targets for the treatment of polycystic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Kunzelmann
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University Street 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (J.O.); (R.S.)
| | - Jiraporn Ousingsawat
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University Street 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (J.O.); (R.S.)
| | - Andre Kraus
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (A.K.); (B.B.)
| | - Julien H. Park
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (J.H.P.); (T.M.)
| | - Thorsten Marquardt
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (J.H.P.); (T.M.)
| | - Rainer Schreiber
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University Street 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (J.O.); (R.S.)
| | - Björn Buchholz
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (A.K.); (B.B.)
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7
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Márquez-Nogueras KM, Vuchkovska V, Kuo IY. Calcium signaling in polycystic kidney disease- cell death and survival. Cell Calcium 2023; 112:102733. [PMID: 37023534 PMCID: PMC10348384 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic kidney disease is typified by cysts in the kidney and extra-renal manifestations including hypertension and heart failure. The main genetic underpinning this disease are loss-of function mutations to the two polycystin proteins, polycystin 1 and polycystin 2. Molecularly, the disease is characterized by changes in multiple signaling pathways including down regulation of calcium signaling, which, in part, is contributed by the calcium permeant properties of polycystin 2. These signaling pathways enable the cystic cells to survive and avoid cell death. This review focuses on the studies that have emerged in the past 5 years describing how the structural insights gained from PC-1 and PC-2 inform the calcium dependent molecular pathways of autophagy and the unfolded protein response that are regulated by the polycystin proteins and how it leads to cell survival and/or cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla M Márquez-Nogueras
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. First Ave, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Virdjinija Vuchkovska
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. First Ave, Maywood, IL, USA; Graduate School, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. First Ave, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Ivana Y Kuo
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. First Ave, Maywood, IL, USA.
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Schreiber R, Talbi K, Ousingsawat J, Kunzelmann K. A TMEM16J variant leads to dysregulated cytosolic calcium which may lead to renal disease. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22683. [PMID: 36520003 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200968r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
SIGIRR (single immunoglobulin IL-1 related receptor), PKP3 (plakophilin 3), and TMEM16J (anoctamin 9), a putative calcium-activated ion channel and phospholipid scramblase, control the immune response and the extent of inflammation. Variants of SIGIRR/PKP3/TMEM16J lead to severe inflammatory diseases such as pneumonia, enterocolitis, and kidney graft rejection. Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identified TMEM16J-T604A as a promotor for chronic kidney disease (CKD), but the disease mechanism and function of TMEM16J remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate TMEM16J as a calcium-activated calcium-permeable channel, which is expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). TMEM16J controls the intracellular distribution of calcium, and inhibits intracellular receptor-mediated Ca2+ signals and Ca2+ -dependent activation of ion channels, but augments transcription and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Renal epithelial cells expressing the variant TMEM16J-T604A show enhanced calcium signals when compared to cells expressing wt-TMEM16J, and demonstrate spontaneous transcription and release of cytokines. This study identifies TMEM16J as an important regulator of intracellular Ca2+ signals, ion channel activity, and cytokine release. TMEM16J may therefore affect immune response in renal tissue and immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Schreiber
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Khaoula Talbi
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Karl Kunzelmann
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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9
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Sudarikova A, Vasileva V, Sultanova R, Ilatovskaya D. Recent advances in understanding ion transport mechanisms in polycystic kidney disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:2521-2540. [PMID: 34751394 PMCID: PMC8589009 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the most recent advances in the understanding of the electrolyte transport-related mechanisms important for the development of severe inherited renal disorders, autosomal dominant (AD) and recessive (AR) forms of polycystic kidney disease (PKD). We provide here a basic overview of the origins and clinical aspects of ARPKD and ADPKD and discuss the implications of electrolyte transport in cystogenesis. Special attention is devoted to intracellular calcium handling by the cystic cells, with a focus on polycystins and fibrocystin, as well as other calcium level regulators, such as transient receptor potential vanilloid type 4 (TRPV4) channels, ciliary machinery, and purinergic receptor remodeling. Sodium transport is reviewed with a focus on the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), and the role of chloride-dependent fluid secretion in cystic fluid accumulation is discussed. In addition, we highlight the emerging promising concepts in the field, such as potassium transport, and suggest some new avenues for research related to electrolyte handling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Regina F. Sultanova
- Saint-Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
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10
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Bai W, Liu M, Xiao Q. The diverse roles of TMEM16A Ca 2+-activated Cl - channels in inflammation. J Adv Res 2021; 33:53-68. [PMID: 34603778 PMCID: PMC8463915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transmembrane protein 16A (TMEM16A) Ca2+-activated Cl- channels have diverse physiological functions, such as epithelial secretion of Cl- and fluid and sensation of pain. Recent studies have demonstrated that TMEM16A contributes to the pathogenesis of infectious and non-infectious inflammatory diseases. However, the role of TMEM16A in inflammation has not been clearly elucidated. Aim of review In this review, we aimed to provide comprehensive information regarding the roles of TMEM16A in inflammation by summarizing the mechanisms underlying TMEM16A expression and activation under inflammatory conditions, in addition to exploring the diverse inflammatory signaling pathways activated by TMEM16A. This review attempts to develop the idea that TMEM16A plays a diverse role in inflammatory processes and contributes to inflammatory diseases in a cellular environment-dependent manner. Key scientific concepts of review Multiple inflammatory mediators, including cytokines (e.g., interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13, IL-6), histamine, bradykinin, and ATP/UTP, as well as bacterial and viral infections, promote TMEM16A expression and/or activity under inflammatory conditions. In addition, TMEM16A activates diverse inflammatory signaling pathways, including the IP3R-mediated Ca2+ signaling pathway, the NF-κB signaling pathway, and the ERK signaling pathway, and contributes to the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases. These diseases include airway inflammatory diseases, lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction, acute pancreatitis, and steatohepatitis. TMEM16A also plays multiple roles in inflammatory processes by increasing vascular permeability and leukocyte adhesion, promoting inflammatory cytokine release, and sensing inflammation-induced pain. Furthermore, TMEM16A plays its diverse pathological roles in different inflammatory diseases depending on the disease severity, proliferating status of the cells, and its interacting partners. We herein propose cellular environment-dependent mechanisms that explain the diverse roles of TMEM16A in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiliang Bai
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of Ion Channel Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Qinghuan Xiao
- Department of Ion Channel Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
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11
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Talbi K, Cabrita I, Kraus A, Hofmann S, Skoczynski K, Kunzelmann K, Buchholz B, Schreiber R. The chloride channel CFTR is not required for cyst growth in an ADPKD mouse model. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21897. [PMID: 34473378 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100843r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is characterized by the development of bilateral renal cysts which enlarge continuously, leading to compression of adjacent intact nephrons. The growing cysts lead to a progressive decline in renal function. Cyst growth is driven by enhanced cell proliferation and chloride secretion into the cyst lumen. Chloride secretion is believed to occur mainly by the cAMP-activated cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), with some contribution by the calcium-activated chloride channel TMEM16A. However, our previous work suggested TMEM16A as a major factor for renal cyst formation. The contribution of CFTR to cyst formation has never been demonstrated in an adult ADPKD mouse model. We used mice with an inducible tubule-specific Pkd1 knockout, which consistently develop polycystic kidneys upon deletion of Pkd1. Cellular properties, ion currents, and cyst development in these mice were compared with that of mice carrying a co-deletion of Pkd1 and Cftr. Knockout of Cftr did not reveal any significant impact on cyst formation in the ADPKD mouse model. Furthermore, knockout of Cftr did not attenuate the largely augmented cell proliferation observed in Pkd1 knockout kidneys. Patch clamp analysis on primary renal epithelial cells lacking expression of Pkd1 indicated an only marginal contribution of CFTR to whole cell Cl- currents, which were clearly dominated by calcium-activated TMEM16A currents. In conclusion, CFTR does not essentially contribute to renal cyst formation in mice caused by deletion of Pkd1. Enhanced cell proliferation and chloride secretion is caused primarily by upregulation of the calcium-activated chloride channel TMEM16A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaoula Talbi
- Department of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Inês Cabrita
- Department of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andre Kraus
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sascha Hofmann
- Department of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Skoczynski
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karl Kunzelmann
- Department of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bjoern Buchholz
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rainer Schreiber
- Department of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Gender-Dependent Phenotype in Polycystic Kidney Disease Is Determined by Differential Intracellular Ca 2+ Signals. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116019. [PMID: 34199520 PMCID: PMC8199720 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is caused by loss of function of PKD1 (polycystin 1) or PKD2 (polycystin 2). The Ca2+-activated Cl− channel TMEM16A has a central role in ADPKD. Expression and function of TMEM16A is upregulated in ADPKD which causes enhanced intracellular Ca2+ signaling, cell proliferation, and ion secretion. We analyzed kidneys from Pkd1 knockout mice and found a more pronounced phenotype in males compared to females, despite similar levels of expression for renal tubular TMEM16A. Cell proliferation, which is known to be enhanced with loss of Pkd1−/−, was larger in male when compared to female Pkd1−/− cells. This was paralleled by higher basal intracellular Ca2+ concentrations in primary renal epithelial cells isolated from Pkd1−/− males. The results suggest enhanced intracellular Ca2+ levels contributing to augmented cell proliferation and cyst development in male kidneys. Enhanced resting Ca2+ also caused larger basal chloride currents in male primary cells, as detected in patch clamp recordings. Incubation of mouse primary cells, mCCDcl1 collecting duct cells or M1 collecting duct cells with dihydrotestosterone (DHT) enhanced basal Ca2+ levels and increased basal and ATP-stimulated TMEM16A chloride currents. Taken together, the more severe cystic phenotype in males is likely to be caused by enhanced cell proliferation, possibly due to enhanced basal and ATP-induced intracellular Ca2+ levels, leading to enhanced TMEM16A currents. Augmented Ca2+ signaling is possibly due to enhanced expression of Ca2+ transporting/regulating proteins.
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Liu Y, Liu Z, Wang K. The Ca 2+-activated chloride channel ANO1/TMEM16A: An emerging therapeutic target for epithelium-originated diseases? Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:1412-1433. [PMID: 34221860 PMCID: PMC8245819 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Anoctamin 1 (ANO1) or TMEM16A gene encodes a member of Ca2+ activated Cl– channels (CaCCs) that are critical for physiological functions, such as epithelial secretion, smooth muscle contraction and sensory signal transduction. The attraction and interest in ANO1/TMEM16A arise from a decade long investigations that abnormal expression or dysfunction of ANO1 is involved in many pathological phenotypes and diseases, including asthma, neuropathic pain, hypertension and cancer. However, the lack of specific modulators of ANO1 has impeded the efforts to validate ANO1 as a therapeutic target. This review focuses on the recent progress made in understanding of the pathophysiological functions of CaCC ANO1 and the current modulators used as pharmacological tools, hopefully illustrating a broad spectrum of ANO1 channelopathy and a path forward for this target validation.
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Key Words
- ANO1
- ANO1, anoctamin-1
- ASM, airway smooth muscle
- Ang II, angiotensin II
- BBB, blood–brain barrier
- CAMK, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase
- CF, cystic fibrosis
- CFTR, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator
- Ca2+-activated Cl– channels (CaCCs)
- CaCCinh-A01
- CaCCs, Ca2+ activated chloride channels
- Cancer
- Cystic fibrosis
- DRG, dorsal root ganglion
- Drug target
- EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor
- ENaC, epithelial sodium channels
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- ESCC, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
- FRT, fisher rat thyroid
- GI, gastrointestinal
- GIST, gastrointestinal stromal tumor
- GPCR, G-protein coupled receptor
- HNSCC, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
- HTS, high-throughput screening
- ICC, interstitial cells of Cajal
- IPAH, idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- NF-κB, nuclear factor κB
- PAH, pulmonary arterial hypertension
- PAR2, protease activated receptor 2
- PASMC, pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells
- PIP2, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate
- PKD, polycystic kidney disease
- T16Ainh-A01
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β
- TMEM16A
- VGCC, voltage gated calcium channel
- VRAC, volume regulated anion channel
- VSMC, vascular smooth muscle cells
- YFP, yellow fluorescent protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266073, China
- Institute of Innovative Drugs, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Zongtao Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qingdao Third People's Hospital, Qingdao 266041, China
| | - KeWei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266073, China
- Institute of Innovative Drugs, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
- Corresponding authors.
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Cabrita I, Talbi K, Kunzelmann K, Schreiber R. Loss of PKD1 and PKD2 share common effects on intracellular Ca 2+ signaling. Cell Calcium 2021; 97:102413. [PMID: 33915319 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2021.102413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In polycystic kidney disease (PKD) multiple bilateral renal cysts gradually enlarge causing a decline in renal function. Transepithelial chloride secretion through cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and TMEM16A (anoctamin 1) drive cyst enlargement. We demonstrated recently that a loss of PKD1 increases expression and function of TMEM16A in murine kidneys and in mouse M1 collecting duct cells. The data demonstrated that TMEM16A contributes essentially to cyst growth by upregulating intracellular Ca2+ signaling. Enhanced expression of TMEM16A and Ca2+ signaling increased both cell proliferation and fluid secretion, which suggested inhibition of TMEM16A as a novel therapy in ADPKD. About 15 % of all ADPKD cases are caused by mutations in PKD2. To analyze the effects of loss of function of PKD2 on Ca2+ signaling, we knocked-down Pkd2 in mouse primary renal epithelial cells in the present study, using viral transfection of shRNA. Unlike in Pkd1-/- cells, knockdown of PKD2 lowered basal Ca2+ and augmented store-operated Ca2+ entry, which was both independent of TMEM16A. However, disease causing purinergic Ca2+ store release was enhanced, similar to that observed in Pkd1-/- renal epithelial cells. The present data suggest pharmacological inhibition of TMEM16A as a treatment in ADPKD caused by mutations in both PKD1 and PKD2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Cabrita
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Khaoula Talbi
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karl Kunzelmann
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Rainer Schreiber
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
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15
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Cyst growth in ADPKD is prevented by pharmacological and genetic inhibition of TMEM16A in vivo. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4320. [PMID: 32859916 PMCID: PMC7455562 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18104-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) multiple bilateral renal cysts gradually enlarge, leading to a decline in renal function. Transepithelial chloride secretion through cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and TMEM16A (anoctamin 1) are known to drive cyst enlargement. Here we demonstrate that loss of Pkd1 increased expression of TMEM16A and CFTR and Cl- secretion in murine kidneys, with TMEM16A essentially contributing to cyst growth. Upregulated TMEM16A enhanced intracellular Ca2+ signaling and proliferation of Pkd1-deficient renal epithelial cells. In contrast, increase in Ca2+ signaling, cell proliferation and CFTR expression was not observed in Pkd1/Tmem16a double knockout mice. Knockout of Tmem16a or inhibition of TMEM16A in vivo by the FDA-approved drugs niclosamide and benzbromarone, as well as the TMEM16A-specific inhibitor Ani9 largely reduced cyst enlargement and abnormal cyst cell proliferation. The present data establish a therapeutic concept for the treatment of ADPKD.
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Jouret F, Devuyst O. Targeting chloride transport in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Cell Signal 2020; 73:109703. [PMID: 32619563 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most frequent inherited kidney disease. Transepithelial fluid secretion is one of the key factors of cystogenesis in ADPKD. Multiple studies have suggested that fluid secretion across ADPKD cyst-lining cells is driven by the secretion of chloride, essentially mediated by the CFTR channel and stimulated by increased intracellular levels of 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate. This review focuses on the pathophysiology of fluid secretion in ADPKD based on the pioneering studies of Jared Grantham and colleagues, and on the follow-up investigations from the molecular level to the potential applications in ADPKD patients. Altogether, the studies of fluid and chloride transport in ADPKD paved the way for innovative therapeutic targets to prevent cyst volume expansion and thus, kidney disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Jouret
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, ULiège Academic Hospital, Liège, Belgium,; Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Géno-protéomique Appliquée, Cardiovascular Sciences, ULiège Medical School, Liège, Belgium
| | - Olivier Devuyst
- Division of Nephrology, UCLouvain Medical School, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium,; Mechanisms of Inherited Kidney Disorders, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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