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Salgotra RK, Thompson M, Chauhan BS. Unravelling the genetic potential of untapped crop wild genetic resources for crop improvement. CONSERV GENET RESOUR 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12686-021-01242-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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QTL Mapping and Phenotypic Variation for Seedling Vigour Traits in Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.). PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10061149. [PMID: 34200109 PMCID: PMC8227620 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Seed vigour is considered a critical stage for barley production, and cultivars with early seedling vigour (ESV) facilitate rapid canopy formation. In this study, QTLs for 12 ESV-related traits were mapped using 185 RILs derived from a Xena x H94061120 evaluated across six independent environments. DArT markers were used to develop a genetic map (1075.1 cM; centimorgans) with an average adjacent-marker distance of 3.28 cM. In total, 46 significant QTLs for ESV-related traits were detected. Fourteen QTLs for biomass yield were found on all chromosomes, two of them co-localized with QTLs on 1H for grain yield. The related traits: length of the first and second leaves and dry weight of the second leaf, biomass yield and grain yield, had high heritability (>30%). Meanwhile, a significant correlation was observed between grain yield and biomass yield, which provided a clear image of these traits in the selection process. Our results demonstrate that a pleiotropic QTL related to the specific leaf area of the second leaf, biomass yield, and grain yield was linked to the DArT markers bPb-9280 and bPb-9108 on 1H, which could be used to significantly improve seed vigour by marker-assisted selection and facilitate future map-based cloning efforts.
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Ávila CM, Rodríguez-Suárez C, Atienza SG. Tritordeum: Creating a New Crop Species-The Successful Use of Plant Genetic Resources. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10051029. [PMID: 34065483 PMCID: PMC8161160 DOI: 10.3390/plants10051029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Hexaploid tritordeum is the amphiploid derived from the cross between the wild barley Hordeum chilense and durum wheat. This paper reviews the main advances and achievements in the last two decades that led to the successful development of tritordeum as a new crop. In particular, we summarize the progress in breeding for agronomic performance, including the potential of tritordeum as a genetic bridge for wheat breeding; the impact of molecular markers in genetic studies and breeding; and the progress in quality and development of innovative food products. The success of tritordeum as a crop shows the importance of the effective utilization of plant genetic resources for the development of new innovative products for agriculture and industry. Considering that wild plant genetic resources have made possible the development of this new crop, the huge potential of more accessible resources, such as landraces conserved in gene banks, goes beyond being sources of resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. In addition, the positive result of tritordeum also shows the importance of adequate commercialization strategies and demonstrative experiences aimed to integrate the whole food chain, from producers to end-point sellers, in order to develop new products for consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen M. Ávila
- Área Genómica y Biotecnología, IFAPA—Centro Alameda del Obispo, Apdo 3092, 14080 Córdoba, Spain;
| | | | - Sergio G. Atienza
- Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (CSIC), Alameda del Obispo, s/n, E-14004 Córdoba, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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Zhang H, Mittal N, Leamy LJ, Barazani O, Song B. Back into the wild-Apply untapped genetic diversity of wild relatives for crop improvement. Evol Appl 2017; 10:5-24. [PMID: 28035232 PMCID: PMC5192947 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Deleterious effects of climate change and human activities, as well as diverse environmental stresses, present critical challenges to food production and the maintenance of natural diversity. These challenges may be met by the development of novel crop varieties with increased biotic or abiotic resistance that enables them to thrive in marginal lands. However, considering the diverse interactions between crops and environmental factors, it is surprising that evolutionary principles have been underexploited in addressing these food and environmental challenges. Compared with domesticated cultivars, crop wild relatives (CWRs) have been challenged in natural environments for thousands of years and maintain a much higher level of genetic diversity. In this review, we highlight the significance of CWRs for crop improvement by providing examples of CWRs that have been used to increase biotic and abiotic stress resistance/tolerance and overall yield in various crop species. We also discuss the surge of advanced biotechnologies, such as next-generation sequencing technologies and omics, with particular emphasis on how they have facilitated gene discovery in CWRs. We end the review by discussing the available resources and conservation of CWRs, including the urgent need for CWR prioritization and collection to ensure continuous crop improvement for food sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengyou Zhang
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNCUSA
| | - Neha Mittal
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNCUSA
| | - Larry J. Leamy
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNCUSA
| | - Oz Barazani
- The Institute for Plant SciencesIsrael Plant Gene BankAgricultural Research OrganizationBet DaganIsrael
| | - Bao‐Hua Song
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNCUSA
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Rey MD, Calderón MC, Rodrigo MJ, Zacarías L, Alós E, Prieto P. Novel Bread Wheat Lines Enriched in Carotenoids Carrying Hordeum chilense Chromosome Arms in the ph1b Background. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134598. [PMID: 26241856 PMCID: PMC4524710 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of crop wild relative species to improve major crops performance is well established. Hordeum chilense has a high potential as a genetic donor to increase the carotenoid content of wheat. Crosses between the 7HchH. chilense substitution lines in wheat and the wheat pairing homoeologous1b (ph1b) mutant allowed the development of wheat-H. chilense translocation lines for both 7Hchα and 7Hchβ chromosome arms in the wheat background. These translocation lines were characterized by in situ hybridization and using molecular markers. In addition, reverse phase chromatography (HPLC) analysis was carried out to evaluate the carotenoid content and both 7Hchα∙7AL and 7AS∙7Hchβ disomic translocation lines. The carotenoid content in 7Hchα∙7AL and 7AS∙7Hchβ disomic translocation lines was higher than the wheat-7Hch addition line and double amount of carotenoids than the wheat itself. A proteomic analysis confirmed that the presence of chromosome 7Hch introgressions in wheat scarcely altered the proteomic profile of the wheat flour. The Psy1 (Phytoene Synthase1) gene, which is the first committed step in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway, was also cytogenetically mapped on the 7Hchα chromosome arm. These new wheat-H. chilense translocation lines can be used as a powerful tool in wheat breeding programs to enrich the diet in bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Dolores Rey
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Vegetal, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado, Córdoba, Spain
| | - María-Carmen Calderón
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Vegetal, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado, Córdoba, Spain
| | - María Jesús Rodrigo
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Zacarías
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Enriqueta Alós
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Vegetal, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Pilar Prieto
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Vegetal, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado, Córdoba, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Castillo A, Atienza SG, Martín AC. Fertility of CMS wheat is restored by two Rf loci located on a recombined acrocentric chromosome. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:6667-77. [PMID: 25271260 PMCID: PMC4246193 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) results from incompatibility between nuclear and cytoplasmic genomes, and is characterized by the inability to produce viable pollen. The restoration of male fertility generally involves the introgression of nuclear genes, termed restorers of fertility (Rf). CMS has been widely used for hybrid seed production in many crops but not in wheat, partly owing to the complex genetics of fertility restoration. In this study, an acrocentric chromosome that restores pollen fertility of CMS wheat in Hordeum chilense cytoplasm (msH1 system) is studied. The results show that this chromosome, of H. chilense origin and named H(ch)ac, originated from a complex reorganization of the short arm of chromosomes 1H(ch) (1H(ch)S) and 6H(ch) (6H(ch)S). Diversity arrays technology (DArT) markers and cytological analysis indicate that H(ch)ac is a kind of `zebra-like' chromosome composed of chromosome 1H(ch)S and alternate fragments of interstitial and distal regions of chromosome 6H(ch)S. PCR-based markers together with FISH, GISH, and meiotic pairing analysis support this result. A restorer of fertility gene, named Rf6H(ch)S, has been identified on the short arm of chromosome 6H(ch)S. Moreover, restoration by the addition of chromosome 1H(ch)S has been observed at a very low frequency and under certain environmental conditions. Therefore, the results indicate the presence of two Rf genes on the acrocentric chromosome: Rf6H(ch)S and Rf1H(ch)S, the restoration potential of Rf6H(ch)S being greater. The stable and high restoration of pollen fertility in the msH1 system is therefore the result of the interaction between these two restorer genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Castillo
- Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, IAS-CSIC, Apdo. 4084, Córdoba E-14080, Spain
| | - Sergio G Atienza
- Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, IAS-CSIC, Apdo. 4084, Córdoba E-14080, Spain
| | - Azahara C Martín
- Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, IAS-CSIC, Apdo. 4084, Córdoba E-14080, Spain * Present address: John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
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Rodríguez-Suárez C, Mellado-Ortega E, Hornero-Méndez D, Atienza SG. Increase in transcript accumulation of Psy1 and e-Lcy genes in grain development is associated with differences in seed carotenoid content between durum wheat and tritordeum. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 84:659-73. [PMID: 24306494 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-013-0160-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoid rich diets have been associated with lower risk of certain diseases. The great importance of cereals in human diet has directed breeding programs towards carotenoid enhancement to alleviate these deficiencies in developing countries and to offer new functional foods in the developed ones. The new cereal tritordeum (×Tritordeum Ascherson et Graebener) derived from durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum) and the wild barley Hordeum chilense, naturally presents carotenoid levels 5-8 times higher than those of durum wheat. The improvement of tritordeum properties as a new functional food requires the elucidation of biosynthetic steps for carotenoid accumulation in seeds that differ from durum wheat. In this work expression patterns of nine genes from the isoprenoid and carotenoid biosynthetic pathways were monitored during grain development in durum wheat and tritordeum. Additionally, a fine identification and quantification of pigments (chlorophylls and carotenoids) during grain development and in mature seeds has been addressed. Transcript levels of Psy1, Psy2, Zds, e-Lcy and b-Lcy were found to correlate to carotenoid content in mature grains. The specific activation of the homeologous genes Psy1, e-Lcy from H. chilense and the high lutein esterification found in tritordeum may serve to explain the differences with durum wheat in carotenoid accumulation.
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Wójcik-Jagła M, Rapacz M, Tyrka M, Kościelniak J, Crissy K, Zmuda K. Comparative QTL analysis of early short-time drought tolerance in Polish fodder and malting spring barleys. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2013; 126:3021-34. [PMID: 24057106 PMCID: PMC3838596 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-013-2190-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
An effective approach for the further evolution of QTL markers, may be to create mapping populations for locally adapted gene pools, and to phenotype the studied trait under local conditions. Mapping populations of Polish fodder and malting spring barleys (Hordeum vulgare L.) were used to analyze traits describing short-time drought response at the seedlings stage. High-throughput genotyping (Diversity Array Technology (DArT) markers) and phenotyping techniques were used. The results showed high genetic diversity of the studied populations which allowed the creation of high-density linkage maps. There was also high diversity in the physiological responses of the barleys. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis revealed 18 QTLs for nine physiological traits on all chromosomes except 1H in malting barley and 15 QTLs for five physiological traits on chromosomes 2H, 4H, 5H and 6H in fodder barley. Chromosomes 4H and 5H contained QTLs which explained most of the observed phenotypic variations in both populations. There was a major QTL for net photosynthetic rate in the malting barley located on chromosome 5H and two major QTLs for overall photochemical performance (PI) located on 5H and 7H. One major QTL related to photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence was located on chromosome 4H in fodder barley. Three QTL regions were common to both mapping populations but the corresponding regions explained different drought-induced traits. One region was for QTLs related to PSII photosynthetic activity stress index in malting barley, and the corresponding region in fodder barley was related to the water content stress index. These results are in accordance with previous studies which showed that different traits were responsible for drought tolerance variations in fodder and malting barleys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Wójcik-Jagła
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Podłużna 3, 30-239, Kraków, Poland,
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Castillo A, Ramírez MC, Martín AC, Kilian A, Martín A, Atienza SG. High-throughput genotyping of wheat-barley amphiploids utilising diversity array technology (DArT). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 13:87. [PMID: 23725040 PMCID: PMC3679790 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-13-87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hordeum chilense, a native South American diploid wild barley, is one of the species of the genus Hordeum with a high potential for cereal breeding purposes, given its high crossability with other members of the Triticeae tribe. Hexaploid tritordeum (×Tritordeum Ascherson et Graebner, 2n=6×=42, AABBH(ch)H(ch)) is the fertile amphiploid obtained after chromosome doubling of hybrids between Hordeum chilense and durum wheat. Approaches used in the improvement of this crop have included crosses with hexaploid wheat to promote D/H(ch) chromosome substitutions. While this approach has been successful as was the case with triticale, it has also complicated the genetic composition of the breeding materials. Until now tritordeum lines were analyzed based on molecular cytogenetic techniques and screening with a small set of DNA markers. However, the recent development of DArT markers in H. chilense offers new possibilities to screen large number of accessions more efficiently. RESULTS Here, we have applied DArT markers to genotype composition in forty-six accessions of hexaploid tritordeum originating from different stages of tritordeum breeding program and to H. chilense-wheat chromosome addition lines to allow their physical mapping. Diversity analyses were conducted including dendrogram construction, principal component analysis and structure inference. Euploid and substituted tritordeums were clearly discriminated independently of the method used. However, dendrogram and Structure analyses allowed the clearest discrimination among substituted tritordeums. The physically mapped markers allowed identifying these groups as substituted tritordeums carrying the following disomic substitutions (DS): DS1D (1H(ch)), DS2D (2H(ch)), DS5D (5H(ch)), DS6D (6H(ch)) and the double substitution DS2D (2H(ch)), DS5D (5H(ch)). These results were validated using chromosome specific EST and SSR markers and GISH analysis. CONCLUSION In conclusion, DArT markers have proved to be very useful to detect chromosome substitutions in the tritordeum breeding program and thus they are expected to be equally useful to detect translocations both in the tritordeum breeding program and in the transference of H. chilense genetic material in wheat breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Castillo
- Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, IAS-CSIC, Apdo. 4084, Córdoba E-14080, Spain
| | - María C Ramírez
- Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, IAS-CSIC, Apdo. 4084, Córdoba E-14080, Spain
| | - Azahara C Martín
- Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, IAS-CSIC, Apdo. 4084, Córdoba E-14080, Spain
| | - Andrzej Kilian
- Diversity Arrays Technology Pty Ltd, PO Box 7141, Yarralumla, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Antonio Martín
- Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, IAS-CSIC, Apdo. 4084, Córdoba E-14080, Spain
| | - Sergio G Atienza
- Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, IAS-CSIC, Apdo. 4084, Córdoba E-14080, Spain
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Rodríguez-Suárez C, Atienza SG. Hordeum chilense genome, a useful tool to investigate the endosperm yellow pigment content in the Triticeae. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 12:200. [PMID: 23122232 PMCID: PMC3534404 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-12-200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The wild barley Hordeum chilense fulfills some requirements for being a useful tool to investigate the endosperm yellow pigment content (YPC) in the Triticeae including its diploid constitution, the availability of genetic resources (addition and deletion stocks and a high density genetic map) and, especially, its high seed YPC not silenced in tritordeums (amphiploids derived from H. chilense and wheat). Thus, the aim of this work was to test the utility of the H. chilense genome for investigating the YPC in the Triticeae. RESULTS Twelve genes related to endosperm carotenoid content and/or YPC in grasses (Dxr, Hdr [synonym ispH], Ggpps1, Psy2, Psy3, Pds, Zds, e-Lcy, b-Lcy, Hyd3, Ccd1 and Ppo1) were identified, and mapped in H. chilense using rice genes to identify orthologs from barley, wheat, sorghum and maize. Macrocolinearity studies revealed that gene positions were in agreement in H. vulgare and H. chilense. Additionally, three main regions associated with YPC were identified in chromosomes 2Hch, 3Hch and 7Hch in H. chilense, the former being the most significant one. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained are consistent with previous findings in wheat and suggest that Ggpps1, Zds and Hyd3 on chromosome 2Hch may be considered candidate genes in wheat for further studies in YPC improvement. Considering the syntenic location of carotenoid genes in H. chilense, we have concluded that the Hch genome may constitute a valuable tool for YPC studies in the Triticeae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergio G Atienza
- Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, IAS-CSIC, Apdo 4084, Córdoba, E-14080, Spain
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