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Godyla-Jabłoński M, Raczkowska E, Jodkowska A, Kucharska AZ, Sozański T, Bronkowska M. Effects of Anthocyanins on Components of Metabolic Syndrome-A Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:1103. [PMID: 38674794 PMCID: PMC11054851 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a significant health problem. The co-occurrence of obesity, carbohydrate metabolism disorders, hypertension and atherogenic dyslipidaemia is estimated to affect 20-30% of adults worldwide. Researchers are seeking solutions to prevent and treat the conditions related to MetS. Preventive medicine, which focuses on modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, including diet, plays a special role. A diet rich in fruits and vegetables has documented health benefits, mainly due to the polyphenolic compounds it contains. Anthocyanins represent a major group of polyphenols; they exhibit anti-atherosclerotic, antihypertensive, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities, as well as beneficial effects on endothelial function and oxidative stress. This review presents recent reports on the mechanisms involved in the protective effects of anthocyanins on the body, especially among people with MetS. It includes epidemiological data, in vivo and in vitro preclinical studies and clinical observational studies. Anthocyanins are effective, widely available compounds that can be used in both the prevention and treatment of MetS and its complications. Increased consumption of anthocyanin-rich foods may contribute to the maintenance of normal body weight and modulation of the lipid profile in adults. However, further investigation is needed to confirm the beneficial effects of anthocyanins on serum glucose levels, improvement in insulin sensitivity and reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Godyla-Jabłoński
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Ewa Raczkowska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Anna Jodkowska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wrocław Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Alicja Zofia Kucharska
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Sozański
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Pharmacology and Medical Diagnostics, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Monika Bronkowska
- Institute of Health Sciences—Collegium Salutis Humanae, University of Opole, Katowicka 68, 45-060 Opole, Poland;
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McDougall GJ, Allwood JW, Dobson G, Austin C, Verrall S, Alexander CJ, Hancock RD, Graham J, Hackett CA. Quantitative trait loci mapping of polyphenol metabolites from a 'Latham' x 'Glen Moy' red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L) cross. Metabolomics 2023; 19:71. [PMID: 37552331 PMCID: PMC10409862 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-023-02033-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the genetic control of polyphenol accumulation in red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L). METHODS The levels of total anthocyanins and 37 individual polyphenol metabolites were measured over three years in a raspberry biparental mapping population. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for these traits were mapped onto a high-density SNP linkage map. RESULTS At least one QTL was detected for each trait, with good consistency among the years. On four linkage groups (LG), there were major QTLs affecting several metabolites. On LG1, a QTL had large effects on anthocyanins and flavonols containing a rutinoside or rhamnose group. On LG4, a QTL had large effects on several flavonols and on LG5 and LG6 QTLs had large effects on ellagic acid derivatives. Smaller QTLs were found on LG2 and LG3. CONCLUSION The identification of robust QTLs for key polyphenols in raspberry provides great potential for marker-assisted breeding for improved levels of potentially health beneficial components.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J McDougall
- Plant Biochemistry and Food Quality Group, Environmental and Biochemical Sciences Department, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, DD2 5DA, Scotland, UK.
| | - J W Allwood
- Plant Biochemistry and Food Quality Group, Environmental and Biochemical Sciences Department, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, DD2 5DA, Scotland, UK
| | - G Dobson
- Plant Biochemistry and Food Quality Group, Environmental and Biochemical Sciences Department, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, DD2 5DA, Scotland, UK
| | - C Austin
- Plant Biochemistry and Food Quality Group, Environmental and Biochemical Sciences Department, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, DD2 5DA, Scotland, UK
| | - S Verrall
- Ecological Sciences Department, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, DD2 5DA, Scotland, UK
| | - C J Alexander
- Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland (BioSS), The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, DD2 5DA, Scotland, UK
| | - R D Hancock
- Cell and Molecular Sciences Department, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, DD2 5DA, Scotland, UK
| | - J Graham
- Cell and Molecular Sciences Department, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, DD2 5DA, Scotland, UK
| | - C A Hackett
- Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland (BioSS), The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, DD2 5DA, Scotland, UK
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Sun Q, He L, Sun L, Xu HY, Fu YQ, Sun ZY, Zhu BQ, Duan CQ, Pan QH. Identification of SNP loci and candidate genes genetically controlling norisoprenoids in grape berry based on genome-wide association study. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1142139. [PMID: 36938056 PMCID: PMC10014734 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1142139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Obtaining new grapevine varieties with unique aromas has been a long-standing goal of breeders. Norisoprenoids are of particular interest to wine producers and researchers, as these compounds are responsible for the important varietal aromas in wine, characterized by a complex floral and fruity smell, and are likely present in all grape varieties. However, the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci and candidate genes genetically controlling the norisoprenoid content in grape berry remain unknown. To this end, in this study, we investigated 13 norisoprenoid traits across two years in an F1 population consisting of 149 individuals from a hybrid of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Muscat Alexandria and V. vinifera L. cv. Christmas Rose. Based on 568,953 SNP markers, genome-wide association analysis revealed that 27 candidate SNP loci belonging to 18 genes were significantly associated with the concentrations of norisoprenoid components in grape berry. Among them, 13 SNPs were confirmed in a grapevine germplasm population comprising 97 varieties, including two non-synonymous mutations SNPs within the VvDXS1 and VvGGPPS genes, respectively in the isoprenoid metabolic pathway. Genotype analysis showed that the grapevine individuals with the heterozygous genotype C/T at chr5:2987350 of VvGGPPS accumulated higher average levels of 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one and β-cyclocitral than those with the homozygous genotype C/C. Furthermore, VvGGPPS was highly expressed in individuals with high norisoprenoids concentrations. Transient overexpression of VvGGPPS in the leaves of Vitis quinquangularis and tobacco resulted in an increase in norisoprenoid concentrations. These findings indicate the importance of VvGGPPS in the genetic control of norisoprenoids in grape berries, serving as a potential molecular breeding target for aroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- Center for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Lei He
- Center for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Ying Xu
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Qun Fu
- Center for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng-Yang Sun
- Center for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Bao-Qing Zhu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Chang-Qing Duan
- Center for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Qiu-Hong Pan
- Center for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
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Thorough Characterization of ETHQB3.5, a QTL Involved in Melon Fruit Climacteric Behavior and Aroma Volatile Composition. Foods 2023; 12:foods12020376. [PMID: 36673468 PMCID: PMC9858179 DOI: 10.3390/foods12020376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of the QTL involved in climacteric ripening ETHQB3.5 on the fruit VOC composition was studied using a set of Near-Isogenic Lines (NILs) containing overlapping introgressions from the Korean accession PI 16375 on the chromosome 3 in the climacteric 'Piel de Sapo' (PS) genetic background. ETHQB3.5 was mapped in an interval of 1.24 Mb that contained a NAC transcription factor. NIL fruits also showed differences in VOC composition belonging to acetate esters, non-acetate esters, and sulfur-derived families. Cosegregation of VOC composition (23 out of 48 total QTLs were mapped) and climacteric ripening was observed, suggesting a pleiotropic effect of ETHQB3.5. On the other hand, other VOCs (mainly alkanes, aldehydes, and ketones) showed a pattern of variation independent of ETHQB3.5 effects, indicating the presence of other genes controlling non-climacteric ripening VOCs. Network correlation analysis and hierarchical clustering found groups of highly correlated compounds and confirmed the involvement of the climacteric differences in compound classes and VOC differences. The modification of melon VOCs may be achieved with or without interfering with its physiological behavior, but it is likely that high relative concentrations of some type of ethylene-dependent esters could be achieved in climacteric cultivars.
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Farneti B, Khomenko I, Ajelli M, Wells KE, Betta E, Aprea E, Giongo L, Biasioli F. Volatilomics of raspberry fruit germplasm by combining chromatographic and direct-injection mass spectrometric techniques. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1155564. [PMID: 37122562 PMCID: PMC10133483 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1155564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of direct-injection mass spectrometric (DI-MS) techniques, like Proton Transfer Reaction Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) has been suggested as a reliable phenotyping tool for fruit volatilome assessment in both genetic and quality-related studies. In this study the complexity of raspberry aroma was investigated by a comprehensive untargeted VOC analysis, done by combining SPME-GC-MS and PTR-ToF-MS assessments with multi-block discriminant analysis using the DIABLO mixOmics framework. The aim was to acquire an exhaustive characterization of the raspberry volatilome according to different fruit ripening stages (pink, ripe, and overripe) and genetic variances (50 accessions), as well as to investigate the potential of PTR-ToF-MS as a rapid and high throughput VOC phenotyping tool to address issues related to raspberry fruit quality. Results of this study demonstrated the complementarity between SPME-GC-MS and PTR-ToF-MS techniques to evaluate the raspberry aroma composition. PTR-ToF-MS generates reliable raspberry VOC fingerprints mainly due to a reduced compound fragmentation and precise content estimation. In addition, the high collinearity between isomers of monoterpenes and norisoprenoids, discovered by GC analysis, reduces the main analytic limitation of PTR-ToF-MS of not being able to separate isomeric molecules. The high similarity between the VOC matrices obtained by applying PTR-ToF-MS and SPME-GC-MS confirmed the possibility of using PTR-ToF-MS as a reliable high throughput phenotyping tool for raspberry volatiolome assessment. In addition, results provided by the germplasm collection investigation enabled to distinguish the best performing accessions, based on VOCs composition, to be used as superior parental lines for future breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Farneti
- Berries Genetics and Breeding Unit, Research and Innovation Centre of Fondazione Edmund Mach, Trento, Italy
- *Correspondence: Brian Farneti,
| | - Iuliia Khomenko
- Sensory Quality Unit, Research and Innovation Centre of Fondazione Edmund Mach, Trento, Italy
| | - Matteo Ajelli
- Berries Genetics and Breeding Unit, Research and Innovation Centre of Fondazione Edmund Mach, Trento, Italy
| | - Karen Elizabeth Wells
- Berries Genetics and Breeding Unit, Research and Innovation Centre of Fondazione Edmund Mach, Trento, Italy
| | - Emanuela Betta
- Sensory Quality Unit, Research and Innovation Centre of Fondazione Edmund Mach, Trento, Italy
| | - Eugenio Aprea
- Sensory Quality Unit, Research and Innovation Centre of Fondazione Edmund Mach, Trento, Italy
- Center Agriculture Food Environment C3A, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Lara Giongo
- Berries Genetics and Breeding Unit, Research and Innovation Centre of Fondazione Edmund Mach, Trento, Italy
| | - Franco Biasioli
- Sensory Quality Unit, Research and Innovation Centre of Fondazione Edmund Mach, Trento, Italy
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Li X, Wei T, Wu M, Chen F, Zhang P, Deng ZY, Luo T. Potential metabolic activities of raspberry ketone. J Food Biochem 2021; 46:e14018. [PMID: 34913499 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Novel food and food compounds interventions have attracted a lot of attention nowadays for the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases. Raspberry ketone (RK) is aromatic compound found within red fruits and berries, has been used as an over-the-counter product for weight loss. However, actually, the effect of RK on weight loss is still controversial, and the mechanism is largely unknown. Besides, in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated the beneficial effect of RK on the development of other metabolic diseases. In this review, we comprehensively highlighted the synthesis, bioavailability, and metabolism of RK, and summarized the progress made in our understanding of the potential biological activities of RK, including antiobesity, antidiabetes, cardioprotection, and hepatoprotection, as well as their underlying mechanisms. This paper provides a critical overview about the current findings and proposes the future studies in the area of RK on human health. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Raspberry ketone (RK) has been used for weight control for years, but this effect is controversial considering food intake. Additionally, RK is beneficial for T2DM, liver and heart injury. The underlying mechanisms of the protective effect of RK including accelerating fatty acid oxidation, balancing serum glucose level, anti-inflammation, antioxidant process, and so on. In this context, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the benefits of RK against many metabolic diseases and discuss the underlying molecular mechanisms. We hope our work will be helpful for further researches on RK and improve its public recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Teng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Min Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ze-Yuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ting Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Durán-Soria S, Pott DM, Will F, Mesa-Marín J, Lewandowski M, Celejewska K, Masny A, Żurawicz E, Jennings N, Sønsteby A, Krüger E, Osorio S. Exploring Genotype-by-Environment Interactions of Chemical Composition of Raspberry by Using a Metabolomics Approach. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11080490. [PMID: 34436431 PMCID: PMC8398420 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11080490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Promoting the consumption of fruits is a key objective of nutrition policy campaigns due to their associated health benefits. Raspberries are well appreciated for their remarkable flavor and nutritional value attributable to their antioxidant properties. Consequently, one of the objectives of present-day raspberry breeding programs is to improve the fruit’s sensory and nutritive characteristics. However, developing new genotypes with enhanced quality traits is a complex task due to the intricate impacts genetic and environmental factors have on these attributes, and the difficulty to phenotype them. We used a multi-platform metabolomic approach to compare flavor- and nutritional-related metabolite profiles of four raspberry cultivars (‘Glen Ample’, ‘Schönemann’, ‘Tulameen’ and ‘Veten’) grown in different European climates. Although the cultivars appear to be better adapted to high latitudes, for their content in soluble solids and acidity, multivariate statistical analyses allowed us to underscore important genotypic differences based on the profiles of important metabolites. ‘Schönemann’ and ‘Veten’ were characterized by high levels of anthocyanins and ellagitannins, respectively, ‘Tulameen’ by its acidity, and ‘Glen Ample’ for its content of sucrose and β-ionone, two main flavor contributors. Our results confirmed the value of metabolomic-driven approaches, which may foster the development of cultivars with enhanced health properties and flavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Durán-Soria
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Campus de Teatinos, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (S.D.-S.); (D.M.P.); (J.M.-M.)
| | - Delphine M. Pott
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Campus de Teatinos, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (S.D.-S.); (D.M.P.); (J.M.-M.)
| | - Frank Will
- Institute of Beverage Research, Hochschule Geisenheim University, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany;
| | - Jennifer Mesa-Marín
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Campus de Teatinos, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (S.D.-S.); (D.M.P.); (J.M.-M.)
| | - Mariusz Lewandowski
- The National Institute of Horticultural Research (INHORT), Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland; (M.L.); (K.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Karolina Celejewska
- The National Institute of Horticultural Research (INHORT), Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland; (M.L.); (K.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Agnieszka Masny
- The National Institute of Horticultural Research (INHORT), Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland; (M.L.); (K.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Edward Żurawicz
- The National Institute of Horticultural Research (INHORT), Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland; (M.L.); (K.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Nikki Jennings
- Department of Genetics, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK;
| | - Anita Sønsteby
- NIBIO, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, 1431 Ås, Norway;
| | - Erika Krüger
- Institute of Pomology, Hochschule Geisenheim University, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany;
| | - Sonia Osorio
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Campus de Teatinos, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (S.D.-S.); (D.M.P.); (J.M.-M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-952-132-394
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Lim SH, Choi CI. Potentials of Raspberry Ketone as a Natural Antioxidant. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030482. [PMID: 33803859 PMCID: PMC8003299 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is closely linked to various diseases, and many studies have been conducted to determine how to reduce this stress. In particular, efforts are being made to find potential antioxidants from natural products. Studies have shown that raspberry ketone (RK; 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone) has various pharmacological activities. This review summarizes the antioxidant activities of RK and their underlying mechanisms. In several experimental models, it was proven that RK exhibits antioxidant properties through increasing total antioxidant capacity (TAC); upregulating antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT); and improving lipid peroxidation. In conclusion, research about RK’s antioxidant activities is directly or indirectly related to its other various physiological activities. Further studies at the clinical level will be able to verify the value of RK as an effective antioxidant, functional health food, and therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ho Lim
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea;
| | - Chang-Ik Choi
- Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-961-5230
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9
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Qi X, Ogden EL, Bostan H, Sargent DJ, Ward J, Gilbert J, Iorizzo M, Rowland LJ. High-Density Linkage Map Construction and QTL Identification in a Diploid Blueberry Mapping Population. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:692628. [PMID: 34234801 PMCID: PMC8256855 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.692628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Genotyping by sequencing approaches have been widely applied in major crops and are now being used in horticultural crops like berries and fruit trees. As the original and largest producer of cultivated blueberry, the United States maintains the most diverse blueberry germplasm resources comprised of many species of different ploidy levels. We previously constructed an interspecific mapping population of diploid blueberry by crossing the parent F1#10 (Vaccinium darrowii Fla4B × diploid V. corymbosum W85-20) with the parent W85-23 (diploid V. corymbosum). Employing the Capture-Seq technology developed by RAPiD Genomics, with an emphasis on probes designed in predicted gene regions, 117 F1 progeny, the two parents, and two grandparents of this population were sequenced, yielding 131.7 Gbp clean sequenced reads. A total of 160,535 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), referenced to 4,522 blueberry genome sequence scaffolds, were identified and subjected to a parent-dependent sliding window approach to further genotype the population. Recombination breakpoints were determined and marker bins were deduced to construct a high density linkage map. Twelve blueberry linkage groups (LGs) consisting of 17,486 SNP markers were obtained, spanning a total genetic distance of 1,539.4 cM. Among 18 horticultural traits phenotyped in this population, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that were significant over at least 2 years were identified for chilling requirement, cold hardiness, and fruit quality traits of color, scar size, and firmness. Interestingly, in 1 year, a QTL associated with timing of early bloom, full bloom, petal fall, and early green fruit was identified in the same region harboring the major QTL for chilling requirement. In summary, we report here the first high density bin map of a diploid blueberry mapping population and the identification of several horticulturally important QTLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinpeng Qi
- Genetic Improvement of Fruits and Vegetables Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center-West, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Elizabeth L. Ogden
- Genetic Improvement of Fruits and Vegetables Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center-West, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Hamed Bostan
- Department of Horticultural Science, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | | | - Judson Ward
- Driscoll’s Inc., Watsonville, CA, United States
| | | | - Massimo Iorizzo
- Department of Horticultural Science, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Lisa J. Rowland
- Genetic Improvement of Fruits and Vegetables Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center-West, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Lisa J. Rowland, ;
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Valdés García A, Maestre Pérez SE, Butsko M, Prats Moya MS, Beltrán Sanahuja A. Authentication of "Adelita" Raspberry Cultivar Based on Physical Properties, Antioxidant Activity and Volatile Profile. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9070593. [PMID: 32640717 PMCID: PMC7402179 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9070593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Agricultural selection programmes are, today, working hard to obtain novel raspberry cultivars with higher nutritional and commercial quality. One of those cultivars is “Adelita”. This study aims to provide novel tools for raspberry cultivar identification—more specifically, the differentiation of “Adelita” from other raspberry cultivars. To perform this study, five “Adelita” samples were analysed—four cultivated in Spain and one, in Morocco—and they were compared to seven samples from six raspberry cultivars (“P04”, “Lupita”, “Enrosadira”, “P10”, “Quanza” and “Versalles”). The physical parameters (mass, length, equatorial diameter and firmness) combined with the Total Phenolic Content (TPC); the antioxidant capacity according to the antioxidant activity tested with the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) methods; and the main target volatile compounds were used as independent variables. Principal component and cluster analysis showed that the target volatiles and physical parameters together with the TPC and DPPH values could be useful to classify Adelita cultivars separately from the rest of the cultivars included in the work. Those results proved that the developed methodology could be proposed as a reliable approach for the identification of cultivar fraud in the supply chain.
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Ferrão LFV, Johnson TS, Benevenuto J, Edger PP, Colquhoun TA, Munoz PR. Genome-wide association of volatiles reveals candidate loci for blueberry flavor. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 226:1725-1737. [PMID: 31999829 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants produce a range of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), some of which are perceived by the human olfactory system, contributing to a myriad flavors. Despite the importance of flavor for consumer preference, most plant breeding programs have neglected it, mainly because of the costs of phenotyping and the complexity of disentangling the role of VOCs in human perception. To develop molecular breeding tools aimed at improving fruit flavor, we carried out target genotyping of and VOC extraction from a blueberry population. Metabolite genome-wide association analysis was used to elucidate the genetic architecture, while predictive models were tested to prove that VOCs can be accurately predicted using genomic information. A historical sensory panel was considered to assess how the volatiles influenced consumers. By gathering genomics, metabolomics, and the sensory panel, we demonstrated that VOCs are controlled by a few major genomic regions, some of which harbor biosynthetic enzyme-coding genes; can be accurately predicted using molecular markers; and can enhance or decrease consumers' overall liking. Here we emphasized how the understanding of the genetic basis and the role of VOCs in consumer preference can assist breeders in developing more flavorful cultivars at a more inexpensive and accelerated pace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Felipe V Ferrão
- Blueberry Breeding and Genomics Lab, Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Timothy S Johnson
- Environmental Horticulture Department, Plant Innovation Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Juliana Benevenuto
- Blueberry Breeding and Genomics Lab, Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Patrick P Edger
- Department of Horticulture, University of Michigan, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Thomas A Colquhoun
- Environmental Horticulture Department, Plant Innovation Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Patricio R Munoz
- Blueberry Breeding and Genomics Lab, Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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Foster TM, Bassil NV, Dossett M, Leigh Worthington M, Graham J. Genetic and genomic resources for Rubus breeding: a roadmap for the future. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2019; 6:116. [PMID: 31645970 PMCID: PMC6804857 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-019-0199-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Rubus fruits are high-value crops that are sought after by consumers for their flavor, visual appeal, and health benefits. To meet this demand, production of red and black raspberries (R. idaeus L. and R. occidentalis L.), blackberries (R. subgenus Rubus), and hybrids, such as Boysenberry and marionberry, is growing worldwide. Rubus breeding programmes are continually striving to improve flavor, texture, machine harvestability, and yield, provide pest and disease resistance, improve storage and processing properties, and optimize fruits and plants for different production and harvest systems. Breeders face numerous challenges, such as polyploidy, the lack of genetic diversity in many of the elite cultivars, and until recently, the relative shortage of genetic and genomic resources available for Rubus. This review will highlight the development of continually improving genetic maps, the identification of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL)s controlling key traits, draft genomes for red and black raspberry, and efforts to improve gene models. The development of genetic maps and markers, the molecular characterization of wild species and germplasm, and high-throughput genotyping platforms will expedite breeding of improved cultivars. Fully sequenced genomes and accurate gene models facilitate identification of genes underlying traits of interest and enable gene editing technologies such as CRISPR/Cas9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshi M. Foster
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research (PFR) Ltd, 55 Old Mill Road, Motueka, New Zealand
| | - Nahla V. Bassil
- USDA ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository (NCGR), 33447 Peoria Rd., Corvallis, OR USA
| | - Michael Dossett
- Blueberry Council (in Partnership with Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada) Agassiz Food Research Centre, Columbia, BC V0M 1A0 Canada
| | - Margaret Leigh Worthington
- Department of Horticulture, University of Arkansas, 316 Plant Science Building, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA
| | - Julie Graham
- The James Hutton Institute, Errol Road, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA Scotland
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Hackett CA, Milne L, Smith K, Hedley P, Morris J, Simpson CG, Preedy K, Graham J. Enhancement of Glen Moy x Latham raspberry linkage map using GbS to further understand control of developmental processes leading to fruit ripening. BMC Genet 2018; 19:59. [PMID: 30111279 PMCID: PMC6094467 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-018-0666-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The changing climate is altering timing of key fruit ripening processes and increasing the occurrence of fruit defects. To improve our understanding of the genetic control of raspberry fruit development an enhanced genetic linkage map was developed and used to examine ripening phenotypic data. RESULTS In this study we developed an enhanced genetic linkage map for the raspberry cvs. Glen Moy x Latham reference mapping population using genotyping by sequencing (GbS). Alignment to a newly sequenced draft reference genome of red raspberry, cultivar (cv.) Glen Moy, identified 8019 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). After stringent filtering to take account of read coverage over all the progeny individuals, association with a single chromosome, heterozygosity and marker regression mapping, 2348 high confidence SNPs were retained and integrated with an existing raspberry genetic map. The linkage map contained many more SNPs segregating in Latham than in Glen Moy. This caused difficulties in quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping with standard software and a novel analysis based on a hidden Markov model was used to improve the mapping. QTL mapping using the newly generated dense genetic map not only corroborated previously identified genetic locations but also provided additional genetic elements controlling fruit ripening in raspberry. CONCLUSION The high-density GbS map located the QTL peaks more precisely than in earlier studies, aligned the QTLs with Glen Moy genome scaffolds, narrowed the range of potential candidate genes to these regions that can be utilised in other populations or in gene expression studies to confirm their role and increased the repertoire of markers available to understand the genetic control of fruit ripening traits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Linda Milne
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD25DA Scotland
| | - Kay Smith
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD25DA Scotland
| | - Pete Hedley
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD25DA Scotland
| | - Jenny Morris
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD25DA Scotland
| | - Craig G. Simpson
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD25DA Scotland
| | - Katharine Preedy
- Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD25DA Scotland
| | - Julie Graham
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD25DA Scotland
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15
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Inter- and intra-seasonal changes in anthocyanin accumulation and global metabolite profiling of six blueberry genotypes. J Food Compost Anal 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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16
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Simpson CG, Cullen DW, Hackett CA, Smith K, Hallett PD, McNicol J, Woodhead M, Graham J. Mapping and expression of genes associated with raspberry fruit ripening and softening. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2017; 130:557-572. [PMID: 27942774 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-016-2835-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
QTL mapping identifies a range of underlying and unrelated genes with apparent roles in raspberry fruit ripening and softening that show characteristic developing fruit expression profiles. Fruit softening is an important agronomical trait that involves a complex interaction of plant cell processes. We have used both qualitative and quantitative scoring of fruit firmness, length, mass, and resistance to applied force to identify QTL in a raspberry mapping population. QTLs were located primarily on linkage group (LG) 3 with other significant loci on LG 1 and LG 5 and showed mostly additive effects between the two parents. The expression of key genes that underlie these QTLs with roles in cell-wall solubility, water uptake, polyamine synthesis, transcription, and cell respiration was tested across five stages of fruit development, from immature green to red ripe fruit, using real-time RT-qPCR. Gene expression patterns showed variable expression patterns across fruit development with a highly significant positive and negative correlation between genes, supporting precise regulation of expression of different cell processes throughout raspberry fruit development. Variable timing in expression was also found in some genes at different fruit development stages between soft and firm cultivars. Multiple processes have a role to play in fruit softening and this will require development of multiple marker combinations to genes that characterise raspberry fruit softening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig G Simpson
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK.
| | - Danny W Cullen
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | | | - Kay Smith
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Paul D Hallett
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, UK
| | - Jim McNicol
- Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Mary Woodhead
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Julie Graham
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
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17
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Lee J. Further research on the biological activities and the safety of raspberry ketone is needed. NFS JOURNAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nfs.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Gilbert JL, Guthart MJ, Gezan SA, Pisaroglo de Carvalho M, Schwieterman ML, Colquhoun TA, Bartoshuk LM, Sims CA, Clark DG, Olmstead JW. Identifying Breeding Priorities for Blueberry Flavor Using Biochemical, Sensory, and Genotype by Environment Analyses. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138494. [PMID: 26378911 PMCID: PMC4574478 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Breeding for a subjective goal such as flavor is challenging, as many blueberry cultivars are grown worldwide, and identifying breeding targets relating to blueberry flavor biochemistry that have a high degree of genetic control and low environmental variability are priorities. A variety of biochemical compounds and physical characters induce the sensory responses of taste, olfaction, and somatosensation, all of which interact to create what is perceived flavor. The goal of this study was to identify the flavor compounds with a larger genetic versus environmental component regulating their expression over an array of cultivars, locations, and years. Over the course of three years, consumer panelists rated overall liking, texture, sweetness, sourness, and flavor intensity of 19 southern highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum hybrids) genotypes in 30 sensory panels. Significant positive correlations to overall liking of blueberry fruit (P<0.001) were found with sweetness (R2 = 0.70), texture (R2 = 0.68), and flavor (R2 = 0.63). Sourness had a significantly negative relationship with overall liking (R2 = 0.55). The relationship between flavor and texture liking was also linear (R2 = 0.73, P<0.0001) demonstrating interaction between olfaction and somatosensation. Partial least squares analysis was used to identify sugars, acids, and volatile compounds contributing to liking and sensory intensities, and revealed strong effects of fructose, pH, and several volatile compounds upon all sensory parameters measured. To assess the feasibility of breeding for flavor components, a three year study was conducted to compare genetic and environmental influences on flavor biochemistry. Panelists could discern genotypic variation in blueberry sensory components, and many of the compounds affecting consumer favor of blueberries, such as fructose, pH, β-caryophyllene oxide and 2-heptanone, were sufficiently genetically controlled that allocating resources for their breeding is worthwhile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Gilbert
- Plant Innovation Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America; Horticultural Sciences Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Matthew J Guthart
- Horticultural Sciences Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Salvador A Gezan
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Melissa Pisaroglo de Carvalho
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Michael L Schwieterman
- Plant Innovation Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America; Department of Environmental Horticulture, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Thomas A Colquhoun
- Plant Innovation Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America; Department of Environmental Horticulture, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Linda M Bartoshuk
- Plant Innovation Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America; Food Science and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Charles A Sims
- Plant Innovation Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America; Food Science and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - David G Clark
- Plant Innovation Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America; Department of Environmental Horticulture, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - James W Olmstead
- Plant Innovation Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America; Horticultural Sciences Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
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Bushakra JM, Bryant DW, Dossett M, Vining KJ, VanBuren R, Gilmore BS, Lee J, Mockler TC, Finn CE, Bassil NV. A genetic linkage map of black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis) and the mapping of Ag(4) conferring resistance to the aphid Amphorophora agathonica. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2015; 128:1631-46. [PMID: 26037086 PMCID: PMC4477079 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-015-2541-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We have constructed a densely populated, saturated genetic linkage map of black raspberry and successfully placed a locus for aphid resistance. Black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis L.) is a high-value crop in the Pacific Northwest of North America with an international marketplace. Few genetic resources are readily available and little improvement has been achieved through breeding efforts to address production challenges involved in growing this crop. Contributing to its lack of improvement is low genetic diversity in elite cultivars and an untapped reservoir of genetic diversity from wild germplasm. In the Pacific Northwest, where most production is centered, the current standard commercial cultivar is highly susceptible to the aphid Amphorophora agathonica Hottes, which is a vector for the Raspberry mosaic virus complex. Infection with the virus complex leads to a rapid decline in plant health resulting in field replacement after only 3-4 growing seasons. Sources of aphid resistance have been identified in wild germplasm and are used to develop mapping populations to study the inheritance of these valuable traits. We have constructed a genetic linkage map using single-nucleotide polymorphism and transferable (primarily simple sequence repeat) markers for F1 population ORUS 4305 consisting of 115 progeny that segregate for aphid resistance. Our linkage map of seven linkage groups representing the seven haploid chromosomes of black raspberry consists of 274 markers on the maternal map and 292 markers on the paternal map including a morphological locus for aphid resistance. This is the first linkage map of black raspberry and will aid in developing markers for marker-assisted breeding, comparative mapping with other Rubus species, and enhancing the black raspberry genome assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill M Bushakra
- USDA-ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository, 33447 Peoria Rd., Corvallis, OR, 97333, USA,
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Graham J, Smith K, McCallum S, Hedley PE, Cullen DW, Dolan A, Milne L, McNicol JW, Hackett CA. Towards an understanding of the control of 'crumbly' fruit in red raspberry. SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:223. [PMID: 26020022 PMCID: PMC4439414 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-1010-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The genetic disorder known as ‘crumbly’ fruit is becoming a serious problem in the European raspberry industry. The study set out to examine the crumbly phenotype in a red raspberry mapping population under two environments (field and polytunnel) across six seasons in an effort to understand variability of the syndrome and to examine whether genetic factors were important and if so, whether QTL associated with the phenotype could be identified. This highlighted that seasonal, environmental (field or polytunnel) and genetic factors all influence the condition. Two QTL that are important for the genetic control of the condition have been located on linkage groups one and three, and an association with ripening time has been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Graham
- James Hutton Institute, Dundee, Scotland DD2 5DA UK
| | - K Smith
- James Hutton Institute, Dundee, Scotland DD2 5DA UK
| | - S McCallum
- James Hutton Institute, Dundee, Scotland DD2 5DA UK
| | - P E Hedley
- James Hutton Institute, Dundee, Scotland DD2 5DA UK
| | - D W Cullen
- James Hutton Institute, Dundee, Scotland DD2 5DA UK
| | - A Dolan
- James Hutton Institute, Dundee, Scotland DD2 5DA UK
| | - L Milne
- James Hutton Institute, Dundee, Scotland DD2 5DA UK
| | - J W McNicol
- Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland, Dundee, Scotland DD2 5DA UK
| | - C A Hackett
- Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland, Dundee, Scotland DD2 5DA UK
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21
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Volatile compounds of raspberry fruit: from analytical methods to biological role and sensory impact. Molecules 2015; 20:2445-74. [PMID: 25647579 PMCID: PMC6272157 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20022445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Volatile compounds play a key role in the formation of the well-recognized and widely appreciated raspberry aroma. Studies on the isolation and identification of volatile compounds in raspberry fruit (Rubus idaeus L.) are reviewed with a focus on aroma-related compounds. A table is drawn up containing a comprehensive list of the volatile compounds identified so far in raspberry along with main references and quantitative data where available. Two additional tables report the glycosidic bond and enantiomeric distributions of the volatile compounds investigated up to now in raspberry fruit. Studies on the development and evolution of volatile compounds during fruit formation, ripening and senescence, and genetic and environmental influences are also reviewed. Recent investigations showing the potential role of raspberry volatile compounds in cultivar differentiation and fruit resistance to mold disease are reported as well. Finally a summary of research done so far and our vision for future research lines are reported.
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22
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Cramer GR, Ghan R, Schlauch KA, Tillett RL, Heymann H, Ferrarini A, Delledonne M, Zenoni S, Fasoli M, Pezzotti M. Transcriptomic analysis of the late stages of grapevine (Vitis vinifera cv. Cabernet Sauvignon) berry ripening reveals significant induction of ethylene signaling and flavor pathways in the skin. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:370. [PMID: 25524329 PMCID: PMC4312598 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-014-0370-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grapevine berry, a nonclimacteric fruit, has three developmental stages; the last one is when berry color and sugar increase. Flavors derived from terpenoid and fatty acid metabolism develop at the very end of this ripening stage. The transcriptomic response of pulp and skin of Cabernet Sauvignon berries in the late stages of ripening between 22 and 37 °Brix was assessed using whole-genome micorarrays. RESULTS The transcript abundance of approximately 18,000 genes changed with °Brix and tissue type. There were a large number of changes in many gene ontology (GO) categories involving metabolism, signaling and abiotic stress. GO categories reflecting tissue differences were overrepresented in photosynthesis, isoprenoid metabolism and pigment biosynthesis. Detailed analysis of the interaction of the skin and pulp with °Brix revealed that there were statistically significantly higher abundances of transcripts changing with °Brix in the skin that were involved in ethylene signaling, isoprenoid and fatty acid metabolism. Many transcripts were peaking around known optimal fruit stages for flavor production. The transcript abundance of approximately two-thirds of the AP2/ERF superfamily of transcription factors changed during these developmental stages. The transcript abundance of a unique clade of ERF6-type transcription factors had the largest changes in the skin and clustered with genes involved in ethylene, senescence, and fruit flavor production including ACC oxidase, terpene synthases, and lipoxygenases. The transcript abundance of important transcription factors involved in fruit ripening was also higher in the skin. CONCLUSIONS A detailed analysis of the transcriptome dynamics during late stages of ripening of grapevine berries revealed that these berries went through massive transcriptional changes in gene ontology categories involving chemical signaling and metabolism in both the pulp and skin, particularly in the skin. Changes in the transcript abundance of genes involved in the ethylene signaling pathway of this nonclimacteric fruit were statistically significant in the late stages of ripening when the production of transcripts for important flavor and aroma compounds were at their highest. Ethylene transcription factors known to play a role in leaf senescence also appear to play a role in fruit senescence. Ethylene may play a bigger role than previously thought in this non-climacteric fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant R Cramer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA.
| | - Ryan Ghan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA.
| | - Karen A Schlauch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA.
| | - Richard L Tillett
- Center for Bioinformatics, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA.
| | - Hildegarde Heymann
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Alberto Ferrarini
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, I-37134, Verona, Italy.
| | - Massimo Delledonne
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, I-37134, Verona, Italy.
| | - Sara Zenoni
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, I-37134, Verona, Italy.
| | - Marianna Fasoli
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, I-37134, Verona, Italy.
| | - Mario Pezzotti
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, I-37134, Verona, Italy.
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Carvalho E, Franceschi P, Feller A, Palmieri L, Wehrens R, Martens S. A targeted metabolomics approach to understand differences in flavonoid biosynthesis in red and yellow raspberries. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2013; 72:79-86. [PMID: 23622736 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds account for the most important class of secondary metabolites in raspberries and fulfill a broad range of biological functions in plants. Due to their presence in fruits they are also considered as important bioactive compounds in human nutrition and are closely related to fruit quality. In the present study a targeted UPLC-MS/MS method was used to screen various phenolic compounds in fruits of red and yellow raspberry cultivars. In total 50 phenolic compounds were detected above the quantification limit. Beside the obvious lack of anthocyanins, all yellow fruits analysed here lack procyanidin B1. The presence of this dimer, along with B3 dimers is described for the first time in raspberry fruits. Also for the first time, dihydrochalcone and stilbene derivatives and the quercetin metabolite, isorhamnetin with its glycosides, were identified in considerable concentrations in raspberries. Based on a PCA plot the red cultivar "Heritage" and the yellow "Alpen Gold" could clearly be separated from the other tested cultivars due to their distinct metabolite profiles/concentrations. This study allowed to obtain a comprehensive profile of the phenolic composition of the different raspberry varieties. The obtained data will lead to a better understanding of the overall biosynthetic network of polyphenols in raspberry and will help to explain responsible factors for the different metabolite profiles in ongoing studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabete Carvalho
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige, Italy.
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