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Yang X, Ma Z, Tan X, Shi Y, Yuan M, Chen G, Luo X, Hou L. Adoptive transfer of immature dendritic cells with high HO-1 expression delays the onset of T1DM in NOD mice. Life Sci 2023; 335:122273. [PMID: 37972884 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the potential of imDCs with high expression of HO-1 in preventing or delaying the onset of Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The phenotypic features of DCs in each group were assessed using flow cytometry. Western blot analysis was used to confirm the high expression of HO-1 in imDCs induced with CoPP. Additionally, flow cytometry was used to evaluate the suppressive capacity of CoPP-induced imDCs on splenic lymphocyte proliferation. Finally, the preventive effect of CoPP-induced imDCs was tested in NOD mice. KEY FINDINGS Compared to imDCs, CoPP-induced imDCs exhibited a reduced mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of the co-stimulatory molecule CD80 on their surface (P < 0.05) and significantly increased HO-1 protein expression (P < 0.05). Following LPS stimulation, the MFI of co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 on the surface of CoPP-induced imDCs remained at a lower level (P < 0.05). Furthermore, there was a reduced proliferation rate of lymphocytes stimulated with anti-CD3/28 antibodies. The adoptive transfer of CoPP-imDCs significantly reduced the incidence of T1DM (16.66 % vs. control group: 66.67 %, P = 0.004). Furthermore, at 15 weeks of age, the insulitis score was also decreased in the CoPP-induced imDC treatment group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in serum insulin levels among all groups. SIGNIFICANCE ImDCs induced with CoPP and exhibiting high expression of HO-1 demonstrate a robust ability to inhibit immune responses and effectively reduce the onset of diabetes in NOD mice. This finding suggests that CoPP-induced imDCs could potentially serve as a promising treatment strategy for T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyi Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaosheng Tan
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuzhen Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingming Yuan
- Department of Nail and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Chen
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ling Hou
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
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Eddie-Amadi BF, Ezejiofor AN, Orish CN, Orisakwe OE. Zn and Se abrogate heavy metal mixture induced ovarian and thyroid oxido-inflammatory effects mediated by activation of NRF2-HMOX-1 in female albino rats. Curr Res Toxicol 2022; 4:100098. [PMID: 36624872 PMCID: PMC9823124 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2022.100098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The thyroid is vital for the proper functioning of the female reproductive system since it regulates the metabolism and development of ovary. This is an evaluation of the essential trace elements ETE on the heavy metals mixture HMM mediated oxido-inflammatory effects in the ovary and thyroid of female albino rats. Eight groups (5 female rats /group) were treated as follows for 60 days: Group 1: Deionized water only; Group 2: (Pb, Hg, Mn and Al); Group 3: HMM + ZnCl2, 0.80 mg/kg; Group 4: HMM + Na2SeO3, 1.50 mg/kg; Group 5: HMM + ZnCl2, 0.80 mg/kg and Na2SeO3, 1.50 mg/kg combined. On day 60 animals were euthanized, ovary and thyroid were harvested and used for, MDA, NO, antioxidants, TNF-α, IL-6, HMOX-1, Caspase-3, NF-KB, NRF2, HM and histopathology. There was significant bioaccumulation of Pb, Al, Hg and MN; elevated IL-6 and TNF-α, MDA and NO, caspase-3 and NRF2, NFKB and HMOX-1 with significant decrease in antioxidants in the HMM only group in comparison to the control. Co-treatment with ETE reversed most of these effects. ETE may ameliorate HMM -induced ovarian and thyrotoxicity in female albino rats by blunting oxido-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boma F. Eddie-Amadi
- World Bank Africa Centre of Excellence in Oilfield Chemicals Research (ACE-CEFOR), University of Port Harcourt, PMB, 5323 Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
| | - Anthonet N. Ezejiofor
- African Centre of Excellence for Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR), University of Port Harcourt, PMB, 5323 Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
| | - Chinna N. Orish
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, PMB, 5323 Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
| | - Orish E. Orisakwe
- World Bank Africa Centre of Excellence in Oilfield Chemicals Research (ACE-CEFOR), University of Port Harcourt, PMB, 5323 Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria,Corresponding author at: African Centre of Excellence for Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR), University of Port Harcourt, PMB, 5323 Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria.
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Rodríguez-Castelán J, Delgado-González E, Varela-Floriano V, Anguiano B, Aceves C. Molecular Iodine Supplement Prevents Streptozotocin-Induced Pancreatic Alterations in Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030715. [PMID: 35277074 PMCID: PMC8840345 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatitis has been implicated in the development and progression of type 2 diabetes and cancer. The pancreas uptakes molecular iodine (I2), which has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The present work analyzes whether oral I2 supplementation prevents the pancreatic alterations promoted by low doses of streptozotocin (STZ). CD1 mice (12 weeks old) were divided into the following groups: control; STZ (20 mg/kg/day, i.p. for five days); I2 (0.2 mg/Kg/day in drinking water for 15 days); and combined (STZ + I2). Inflammation (Masson’s trichrome and periodic acid–Schiff stain), hyperglycemia, decreased β-cells and increased α-cells in pancreas were observed in male and female animals with STZ. These animals also showed pancreatic increases in immune cells and inflammation markers as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, transforming growth factor-beta and inducible nitric oxide synthase with a higher amount of activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs). The I2 supplement prevented the harmful effect of STZ, maintaining normal pancreatic morphometry and functions. The elevation of the nuclear factor erythroid-2 (Nrf2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor type gamma (PPARγ) contents was associated with the preservation of normal glycemia and lipoperoxidation. In conclusion, a moderated supplement of I2 prevents the deleterious effects of STZ in the pancreas, possibly through antioxidant and antifibrotic mechanisms including Nrf2 and PPARγ activation.
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Verheij M, Zeerleder S, Voermans C. Heme oxygenase-1: Equally important in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and organ transplantation? Transpl Immunol 2021; 68:101419. [PMID: 34089821 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2021.101419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The intracellular enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is responsible for the degradation of cell-free (cf) heme. Cfheme, released upon cell damage and cell death from hemoglobin, mitochondria and myoglobin, functions as a powerful damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP). Indeed, cfheme plays a role in a myriad of diseases characterized by (systemic) inflammation, and its rapid degradation by HO-1 is pivotal to maintain homeostasis. In the past decade, HO-1 has been extensively studied for its potential protective role in different transplantation settings, including allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), solid organ transplantation and pancreatic islet transplantation. These studies have shown that HO-1 can be induced by a wide range of molecules, and that induction of HO-1 has the potential to significantly reduce the incidence and severity of transplantation-related complications such as graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) and ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). As such, further investigation into the use of HO-1-inducing agents in human transplantation settings to facilitate the potential use of these agents in the clinic is warranted. In this review, we summarize the literature of the past 10 years on the role of HO-1 in allogeneic HSCT, solid organ transplantation (focusing on kidney and liver) and pancreatic islet transplantation. Furthermore, we provide a hypothesis about the way that HO-1 is able to provide protection against acute GvHD after allogeneic HSCT. A total of 48 research articles and 17 review articles were included in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrddin Verheij
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sacha Zeerleder
- Department of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carlijn Voermans
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Emerging Roles of Metallothioneins in Beta Cell Pathophysiology: Beyond and Above Metal Homeostasis and Antioxidant Response. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10030176. [PMID: 33652748 PMCID: PMC7996892 DOI: 10.3390/biology10030176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Defective insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells is key for the development of type 2 diabetes but the precise mechanisms involved are poorly understood. Metallothioneins are metal binding proteins whose precise biological roles have not been fully characterized. Available evidence indicated that Metallothioneins are protective cellular effectors involved in heavy metal detoxification, metal ion homeostasis and antioxidant defense. This concept has however been challenged by emerging evidence in different medical research fields revealing novel negative roles of Metallothioneins, including in the context of diabetes. In this review, we gather and analyze the available knowledge regarding the complex roles of Metallothioneins in pancreatic beta cell biology and insulin secretion. We comprehensively analyze the evidence showing positive effects of Metallothioneins on beta cell function and survival as well as the emerging evidence revealing negative effects and discuss the possible underlying mechanisms. We expose in parallel findings from other medical research fields and underscore unsettled questions. Then, we propose some future research directions to improve knowledge in the field. Abstract Metallothioneins (MTs) are low molecular weight, cysteine-rich, metal-binding proteins whose precise biological roles have not been fully characterized. Existing evidence implicated MTs in heavy metal detoxification, metal ion homeostasis and antioxidant defense. MTs were thus categorized as protective effectors that contribute to cellular homeostasis and survival. This view has, however, been challenged by emerging evidence in different medical fields revealing novel pathophysiological roles of MTs, including inflammatory bowel disease, neurodegenerative disorders, carcinogenesis and diabetes. In the present focused review, we discuss the evidence for the role of MTs in pancreatic beta-cell biology and insulin secretion. We highlight the pattern of specific isoforms of MT gene expression in rodents and human beta-cells. We then discuss the mechanisms involved in the regulation of MTs in islets under physiological and pathological conditions, particularly type 2 diabetes, and analyze the evidence revealing adaptive and negative roles of MTs in beta-cells and the potential mechanisms involved. Finally, we underscore the unsettled questions in the field and propose some future research directions.
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6
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Moens C, Bensellam M, Himpe E, Muller CJF, Jonas JC, Bouwens L. Aspalathin Protects Insulin-Producing β Cells against Glucotoxicity and Oxidative Stress-Induced Cell Death. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e1901009. [PMID: 32012427 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201901009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Aspalathin, the main polyphenolic phytochemical of rooibos (Aspalathus linearis), has been attributed with health promoting properties, including a glucose lowering effect that can prove interesting for application as nutraceutical or therapeutic in (pre-)diabetics. Preservation of β cell mass in the pancreas is considered a key issue for diabetes prevention or treatment, therefore the aim is to investigate whether aspalathin also has β cell cytoprotective potential. METHODS AND RESULTS Rat pancreatic islets and the β cell line Insulinoma 1E (INS1E) are studied in vitro after exposure to various cytotoxic agents, namely streptozotocin (STZ), hydrogen peroxide, or chronic high glucose. The effect of aspalathin on cell survival and apoptosis is studied. Expression of relevant cytoprotective genes is analyzed by qRT-PCR and proteins by Western blot. Aspalathin is found to protect β cells against cytotoxicity and apoptosis. This is associated with increased translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and expression of its antioxidant target genes heme oxygenase 1 (Hmox1), NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (Nqo-1), and superoxide dismutase 1 (Sod1). CONCLUSION It is proposed that aspalathin protects β cells against glucotoxicity and oxidative stress by increasing the expression of NRF2-regulated antioxidant enzymes. This indicates that aspalathin is an interesting β cell cytoprotectant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Moens
- Cell Differentiation Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Jette, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mohammed Bensellam
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pôle d'Endocrinologie, Diabète et Nutrition, Avenue Hippocrate 55, 1200 Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eddy Himpe
- Cell Differentiation Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Jette, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christo J F Muller
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Francie van Zijl Drive, 7505, Western Cape, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Jean-Christophe Jonas
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pôle d'Endocrinologie, Diabète et Nutrition, Avenue Hippocrate 55, 1200 Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luc Bouwens
- Cell Differentiation Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Jette, Brussels, Belgium
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7
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Cao AL, Beaver LM, Wong CP, Hudson LG, Ho E. Zinc deficiency alters the susceptibility of pancreatic beta cells (INS-1) to arsenic exposure. Biometals 2019; 32:845-859. [PMID: 31542844 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-019-00217-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic beta cells produce and release insulin, a hormone that regulates blood glucose levels, and their dysfunction contributes to the development of diabetes mellitus. Zinc deficiency and inorganic arsenic exposure both independently associate with the development of diabetes, although the effects of their combination on pancreatic beta cell health and function remain unknown. We hypothesized zinc deficiency increases the toxicity associated with arsenic exposure, causing an increased susceptibility to DNA damage and disruption of insulin production. Zinc deficiency decreased cell proliferation by 30% in pancreatic INS-1 rat insulinoma cells. Arsenic exposure (0, 50 or 500 ppb exposures) significantly decreased cell proliferation, and increased mRNA levels of genes involved in stress response (Mt1, Mt2, Hmox1) and DNA damage (p53, Ogg1). When co-exposed to both zinc deficiency and arsenic, zinc deficiency attenuated this response to arsenic, decreasing the expression of Mt1, Hmox1, and Ogg1, and significantly increasing DNA double-strand breaks 2.9-fold. Arsenic exposure decreased insulin expression, but co-exposure did not decrease insulin levels beyond the arsenic alone condition, but did result in a further 33% decline in cell proliferation at the 500 ppb arsenic dose, and a significant increase in beta cell apoptosis. These results suggest zinc deficiency and arsenic, both independently and in combination, adversely affect pancreatic beta cell health and both factors should be considered in the evaluation of health outcomes for susceptible populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie L Cao
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, 103 Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Laura M Beaver
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, 103 Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.,Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, 307 Linus Pauling Science Center, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Carmen P Wong
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, 103 Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.,Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, 307 Linus Pauling Science Center, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Laurie G Hudson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Emily Ho
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, 103 Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA. .,Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, 307 Linus Pauling Science Center, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA. .,Moore Family Center for Whole Grain Foods, Nutrition and Preventive Health, Oregon State University, 103 Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
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8
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Argaev Frenkel L, Rozenfeld H, Rozenberg K, Sampson SR, Rosenzweig T. N-Acetyl-l-Cysteine Supplement in Early Life or Adulthood Reduces Progression of Diabetes in Nonobese Diabetic Mice. Curr Dev Nutr 2019; 3:nzy097. [PMID: 30993256 PMCID: PMC6459986 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzy097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress contributes to the pathologic process leading to the development, progression, and complications of type 1 diabetes (T1D). OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the antioxidant N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), supplemented during early life or adulthood on the development of T1D. METHODS NAC was administered to nonobese diabetic (NOD) female mice during pregnancy and lactation, and the development of diabetes was followed in offspring. In an additional set of experiments, offspring of untreated mice were given NAC during adulthood, and the development of T1D was followed. Morbidity rate, insulitis and serum cytokines were measured in the 2 sets of experiments. In addition, markers of oxidative stress, glutathione, lipid peroxidation, total antioxidant capacity and activity of antioxidant enzymes, were followed. RESULTS Morbidity rate was reduced in both treatment protocols. A decrease in interferon γ, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1α, and other type 1 diabetes-associated proinflammatory cytokines was found in mice supplemented with NAC in adulthood or during early life compared with control NOD mice. The severity of insulitis was higher in control NOD mice than in treated groups. NAC administration significantly reduced oxidative stress, as determined by reduced lipid peroxidation and increased total antioxidant capacity in serum and pancreas of mice treated in early life or in adulthood and increased pancreatic glutathione when administrated in adulthood. The activity of antioxidant enzymes was not affected in mice given NAC in adulthood, whereas an increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase was demonstrated in the pancreas of their offspring. CONCLUSION NAC decreased morbidity of NOD mice by attenuating the immune response, presumably by eliminating oxidative stress, and might be beneficial in reducing morbidity rates of T1D in high-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lital Argaev Frenkel
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Hava Rozenfeld
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Konstantin Rozenberg
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Sanford R Sampson
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tovit Rosenzweig
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
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9
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Martins R, Carlos AR, Braza F, Thompson JA, Bastos-Amador P, Ramos S, Soares MP. Disease Tolerance as an Inherent Component of Immunity. Annu Rev Immunol 2019; 37:405-437. [PMID: 30673535 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-042718-041739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic organisms exert a negative impact on host health, revealed by the clinical signs of infectious diseases. Immunity limits the severity of infectious diseases through resistance mechanisms that sense and target pathogens for containment, killing, or expulsion. These resistance mechanisms are viewed as the prevailing function of immunity. Under pathophysiologic conditions, however, immunity arises in response to infections that carry health and fitness costs to the host. Therefore, additional defense mechanisms are required to limit these costs, before immunity becomes operational as well as thereafter to avoid immunopathology. These are tissue damage control mechanisms that adjust the metabolic output of host tissues to different forms of stress and damage associated with infection. Disease tolerance is the term used to define this defense strategy, which does not exert a direct impact on pathogens but is essential to limit the health and fitness costs of infection. Under this argument, we propose that disease tolerance is an inherent component of immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Martins
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal;
| | | | - Faouzi Braza
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal;
| | | | | | - Susana Ramos
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal;
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Kelly AC, Bidwell CA, McCarthy FM, Taska DJ, Anderson MJ, Camacho LE, Limesand SW. RNA Sequencing Exposes Adaptive and Immune Responses to Intrauterine Growth Restriction in Fetal Sheep Islets. Endocrinology 2017; 158:743-755. [PMID: 28200173 PMCID: PMC5460795 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The risk of type 2 diabetes is increased in children and adults who exhibited fetal growth restriction. Placental insufficiency and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) are common obstetrical complications associated with fetal hypoglycemia and hypoxia that reduce the β-cell mass and insulin secretion. In the present study, we have defined the underlying mechanisms of reduced growth and proliferation, impaired metabolism, and defective insulin secretion previously established as complications in islets from IUGR fetuses. In an IUGR sheep model that recapitulates human IUGR, high-throughput RNA sequencing showed the transcriptome of islets isolated from IUGR and control sheep fetuses and identified the transcripts that underlie β-cell dysfunction. Functional analysis expanded mechanisms involved in reduced proliferation and dysregulated metabolism that include specific cell cycle regulators and growth factors and mitochondrial, antioxidant, and exocytotic genes. These data also identified immune responses, wnt signaling, adaptive stress responses, and the proteasome as mechanisms of β-cell dysfunction. The reduction of immune-related gene expression did not reflect a change in macrophage density within IUGR islets. The present study reports the islet transcriptome in fetal sheep and established processes that limit insulin secretion and β-cell growth in fetuses with IUGR, which could explain the susceptibility to premature islet failure in adulthood. Islet dysfunction formed by intrauterine growth restriction increases the risk for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C. Kelly
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85719
| | | | - Fiona M. McCarthy
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85719
| | - David J. Taska
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85719
| | - Miranda J. Anderson
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85719
| | - Leticia E. Camacho
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85719
| | - Sean W. Limesand
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85719
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Aromatic malononitriles stimulate the resistance of insulin-producing beta-cells to oxidants and inflammatory cytokines. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 784:69-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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12
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Ma D, Duan W, Li Y, Wang Z, Li S, Gong N, Chen G, Chen Z, Wan C, Yang J. PD-L1 Deficiency within Islets Reduces Allograft Survival in Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152087. [PMID: 26990974 PMCID: PMC4798758 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Islet transplantation may potentially cure type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). However, immune rejection, especially that induced by the alloreactive T-cell response, remains a restraining factor for the long-term survival of grafted islets. Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) is a negative costimulatory molecule. PD-L1 deficiency within the donor heart accelerates allograft rejection. Here, we investigate whether PD-L1 deficiency in donor islets reduces allograft survival time. Methods Glucose Stimulation Assays were performed to evaluate whether PD-L1 deficiency has detrimental effects on islet function. Islets isolated from PDL1-deficient mice or wild- type (WT) mice (C57BL/6j) were implanted beneath the renal capsule of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic BALB/c mice. Blood glucose levels and graft survival time after transplantation were monitored. Moreover, we analyzed the residual islets, infiltrating immune cells and alloreactive cells from the recipients. Results PD-L1 deficiency within islets does not affect islet function. However, islet PD-L1 deficiency increased allograft rejection and was associated with enhanced inflammatory cell infiltration and recipient T-cell alloreactivity. Conclusions This is the first report to demonstrate that PD-L1 deficiency accelerated islet allograft rejection and regulated recipient alloimmune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxia Ma
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Wu Duan
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Yakun Li
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Zhimin Wang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Shanglin Li
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Nianqiao Gong
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Zhishui Chen
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Chidan Wan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (JY); (CW)
| | - Jun Yang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (JY); (CW)
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Husseini M, Wang GS, Patrick C, Crookshank JA, MacFarlane AJ, Noel JA, Strom A, Scott FW. Heme Oxygenase-1 Induction Prevents Autoimmune Diabetes in Association With Pancreatic Recruitment of M2-Like Macrophages, Mesenchymal Cells, and Fibrocytes. Endocrinology 2015; 156:3937-49. [PMID: 26252059 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Immunoregulatory and regenerative processes are activated in the pancreas during the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D) but are insufficient to prevent the disease. We hypothesized that the induction of cytoprotective heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) by cobalt protophoryrin (CoPP) would prevent T1D by promoting anti-inflammatory and pro-repair processes. Diabetes-prone BioBreeding rats received ip CoPP or saline twice per week for 3 weeks, starting at 30 days and were monitored for T1D. Immunohistochemistry, confocal microscopy, quantitative RT-PCR, and microarrays were used to evaluate postinjection pancreatic changes at 51 days, when islet inflammation is first visible. T1D was prevented in CoPP-treated rats (29% vs 73%). Pancreatic Hmox1 was up-regulated along with islet-associated CD68(+)HO-1(+) cells, which were also observed in a striking peri-lobular interstitial infiltrate. Most interstitial cells expressed the mesenchymal marker vimentin and the hematopoietic marker CD34. Spindle-shaped, CD34(+)vimentin(+) cells coexpressed collagen V, characteristic of fibrocytes. M2 macrophage factors Krüppel-like factor 4, CD163, and CD206 were expressed by interstitial cells, consistent with pancreatic upregulation of several M2-associated genes. CoPP upregulated islet-regenerating REG genes and increased neogenic REG3β(+) and insulin(+) clusters. Thus, short-term induction of HO-1 promoted a protective M2-like milieu in the pancreas and recruited mesenchymal cells, M2 macrophages, and fibrocytes that imparted immunoregulatory and pro-repair effects, preventing T1D.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, CD34/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Collagen Type V/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/prevention & control
- Enzyme Induction/drug effects
- Female
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Heme Oxygenase-1/biosynthesis
- Heme Oxygenase-1/genetics
- Insulin/genetics
- Insulin/metabolism
- Kruppel-Like Factor 4
- Lectins, C-Type/genetics
- Lectins, C-Type/metabolism
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Male
- Mannose Receptor
- Mannose-Binding Lectins/metabolism
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/drug effects
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Pancreas/drug effects
- Pancreas/metabolism
- Pancreatitis-Associated Proteins
- Protoporphyrins/pharmacology
- Rats
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Vimentin/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Husseini
- Chronic Disease Program (M.H., G.-S.W., C.P., J.A.C., J.A.N., A.S., F.W.S.), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8L6 and Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.H., C.P., A.J.M., J.A.N., F.W.S.) and Medicine (F.W.S.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8L6; Food Directorate (A.J.M.), Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9
| | - Gen-Sheng Wang
- Chronic Disease Program (M.H., G.-S.W., C.P., J.A.C., J.A.N., A.S., F.W.S.), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8L6 and Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.H., C.P., A.J.M., J.A.N., F.W.S.) and Medicine (F.W.S.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8L6; Food Directorate (A.J.M.), Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9
| | - Christopher Patrick
- Chronic Disease Program (M.H., G.-S.W., C.P., J.A.C., J.A.N., A.S., F.W.S.), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8L6 and Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.H., C.P., A.J.M., J.A.N., F.W.S.) and Medicine (F.W.S.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8L6; Food Directorate (A.J.M.), Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9
| | - Jennifer A Crookshank
- Chronic Disease Program (M.H., G.-S.W., C.P., J.A.C., J.A.N., A.S., F.W.S.), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8L6 and Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.H., C.P., A.J.M., J.A.N., F.W.S.) and Medicine (F.W.S.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8L6; Food Directorate (A.J.M.), Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9
| | - Amanda J MacFarlane
- Chronic Disease Program (M.H., G.-S.W., C.P., J.A.C., J.A.N., A.S., F.W.S.), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8L6 and Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.H., C.P., A.J.M., J.A.N., F.W.S.) and Medicine (F.W.S.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8L6; Food Directorate (A.J.M.), Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9
| | - J Ariana Noel
- Chronic Disease Program (M.H., G.-S.W., C.P., J.A.C., J.A.N., A.S., F.W.S.), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8L6 and Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.H., C.P., A.J.M., J.A.N., F.W.S.) and Medicine (F.W.S.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8L6; Food Directorate (A.J.M.), Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9
| | - Alexander Strom
- Chronic Disease Program (M.H., G.-S.W., C.P., J.A.C., J.A.N., A.S., F.W.S.), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8L6 and Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.H., C.P., A.J.M., J.A.N., F.W.S.) and Medicine (F.W.S.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8L6; Food Directorate (A.J.M.), Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9
| | - Fraser W Scott
- Chronic Disease Program (M.H., G.-S.W., C.P., J.A.C., J.A.N., A.S., F.W.S.), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8L6 and Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.H., C.P., A.J.M., J.A.N., F.W.S.) and Medicine (F.W.S.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8L6; Food Directorate (A.J.M.), Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9
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14
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Li BZ, Guo B, Zhang HY, Liu J, Tao SS, Pan HF, Ye DQ. Therapeutic potential of HO-1 in autoimmune diseases. Inflammation 2015; 37:1779-88. [PMID: 24818708 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-9908-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), the inducible isoform of heme oxygenase (HO), has raised a lot of concerns in recent years due to its multiple functions. HO-1 was found to be a pivotal cytoprotective, antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, immunosuppressive, as well as anti-inflammatory molecule. Recent studies have clarified its significant functions in many diseases with substantial findings. In autoimmune diseases, HO-1 may have promising therapeutic potential. Here, we briefly reviewed recent advances in this field, aiming at hopefully exploring the potential therapeutic roles of HO-1, and design HO-1-based strategies for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Zhu Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
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15
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Lee SJ, Kang HK, Song DK, Eum WS, Park J, Choi SY, Kwon HY. Transduction of PEP-1-heme oxygenase-1 into insulin-producing INS-1 cells protects them against cytokine-induced cell death. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 461:549-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.04.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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16
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Li R, Lee J, Kim MS, Liu V, Moulik M, Li H, Yi Q, Xie A, Chen W, Yang L, Li Y, Tsai TH, Oka K, Chan L, Yechoor V. PD-L1-driven tolerance protects neurogenin3-induced islet neogenesis to reverse established type 1 diabetes in NOD mice. Diabetes 2015; 64:529-40. [PMID: 25332429 PMCID: PMC4303975 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A breakdown in self-tolerance underlies autoimmune destruction of β-cells and type 1 diabetes. A cure by restoring β-cell mass is limited by the availability of transplantable β-cells and the need for chronic immunosuppression. Evidence indicates that inhibiting costimulation through the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway is central to immune tolerance. We therefore tested whether induction of islet neogenesis in the liver, protected by PD-L1-driven tolerance, reverses diabetes in NOD mice. We demonstrated a robust induction of neo-islets in the liver of diabetic NOD mice by gene transfer of Neurogenin3, the islet-defining factor, along with betacellulin, an islet growth factor. These neo-islets expressed all the major pancreatic hormones and transcription factors. However, an enduring restoration of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and euglycemia occurs only when tolerance is also induced by the targeted overexpression of PD-L1 in the neo-islets, which results in inhibition of proliferation and increased apoptosis of infiltrating CD4(+) T cells. Further analysis revealed an inhibition of cytokine production from lymphocytes isolated from the liver but not from the spleen of treated mice, indicating that treatment did not result in generalized immunosuppression. This treatment strategy leads to persistence of functional neo-islets that resist autoimmune destruction and consequently an enduring reversal of diabetes in NOD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongying Li
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center, and Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Jeongkyung Lee
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center, and Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Mi-sun Kim
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center, and Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Victoria Liu
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center, and Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Mousumi Moulik
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Haiyan Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - Qing Yi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - Aini Xie
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center, and Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Wenhao Chen
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center, and Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Lina Yang
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center, and Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Yimin Li
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center, and Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Tsung Huang Tsai
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center, and Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Kazuhiro Oka
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center, and Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Lawrence Chan
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center, and Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Vijay Yechoor
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center, and Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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17
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Nikolic I, Saksida T, Mangano K, Vujicic M, Stojanovic I, Nicoletti F, Stosic-Grujicic S. Pharmacological application of carbon monoxide ameliorates islet-directed autoimmunity in mice via anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects. Diabetologia 2014; 57:980-90. [PMID: 24488023 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-014-3170-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Recent studies have identified carbon monoxide (CO) as a potential therapeutic molecule for the treatment of autoimmune diseases owing to its anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. We explored the efficacy and the mechanisms of action of the CO-releasing molecule (CORM)-A1 in preclinical models of type 1 diabetes. METHODS The impact of CORM-A1 on diabetes development was evaluated in models of spontaneous diabetes in NOD mice and in diabetes induced in C57BL/6 mice by multiple low-dose streptozotocin (MLDS). Ex vivo analysis was performed to determine the impact of CORM-A1 both on T helper (Th) cell and macrophage differentiation and on their production of soluble mediators in peripheral tissues and in infiltrates of pancreatic islets. The potential effect of CORM-A1 on cytokine-induced apoptosis in pancreatic islets or beta cells was evaluated in vitro. RESULTS CORM-A1 conferred protection from diabetes in MLDS-induced mice and reduced diabetes incidence in NOD mice as confirmed by preserved insulin secretion and improved histological signs of the disease. In MLDS-challenged mice, CORM-A1 attenuated Th1, Th17, and M1 macrophage response and facilitated Th2 cell differentiation. In addition, CORM-A1 treatment in NOD mice upregulated the regulatory arm of the immune response (M2 macrophages and FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells). Importantly, CORM-A1 interfered with in vitro cytokine-induced beta cell apoptosis through the reduction of cytochrome c and caspase 3 levels. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The ability of CORM-A1 to protect mice from developing type 1 diabetes provides a valuable proof of concept for the potential exploitation of controlled CO delivery in clinical settings for the treatment of autoimmune diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Nikolic
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research 'Sinisa Stankovic', University of Belgrade, Bul. Despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
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18
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Dunn LL, Midwinter RG, Ni J, Hamid HA, Parish CR, Stocker R. New insights into intracellular locations and functions of heme oxygenase-1. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:1723-42. [PMID: 24180287 PMCID: PMC3961787 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1) plays a critical role in the protection of cells, and the inducible enzyme is implicated in a spectrum of human diseases. The increasing prevalence of cardiovascular and metabolic morbidities, for which current treatment approaches are not optimal, emphasizes the necessity to better understand key players such as HMOX1 that may be therapeutic targets. RECENT ADVANCES HMOX1 is a dynamic protein that can undergo post-translational and structural modifications which modulate HMOX1 function. Moreover, trafficking from the endoplasmic reticulum to other cellular compartments, including the nucleus, highlights that HMOX1 may play roles other than the catabolism of heme. CRITICAL ISSUES The ability of HMOX1 to be induced by a variety of stressors, in an equally wide variety of tissues and cell types, represents an obstacle for the therapeutic exploitation of the enzyme. Any capacity to modulate HMOX1 in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases should be tempered with an appreciation that HMOX1 may have an impact on cancer. Moreover, the potential for heme catabolism end products, such as carbon monoxide, to amplify the HMOX1 stress response should be considered. FUTURE DIRECTIONS A more complete understanding of HMOX1 modifications and the properties that they impart is necessary. Delineating these parameters will provide a clearer picture of the opportunities to modulate HMOX1 in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise L. Dunn
- Vascular Biology Division, The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Jun Ni
- Vascular Biology Division, The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hafizah A. Hamid
- Vascular Biology Division, The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christopher R. Parish
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Roland Stocker
- Vascular Biology Division, The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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19
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Kondo K, Ishigaki Y, Gao J, Yamada T, Imai J, Sawada S, Muto A, Oka Y, Igarashi K, Katagiri H. Bach1 deficiency protects pancreatic β-cells from oxidative stress injury. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2013; 305:E641-8. [PMID: 23880309 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00120.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BTB and CNC homology 1 (Bach1) is a transcriptional repressor of antioxidative enzymes, such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Oxidative stress is reportedly involved in insulin secretion impairment and obesity-associated insulin resistance. However, the role of Bach1 in the development of diabetes is unclear. HO-1 expression in the liver, white adipose tissue, and pancreatic islets was markedly upregulated in Bach1-deficient mice. Unexpectedly, glucose and insulin tolerance tests showed no differences in obese wild-type (WT) and obese Bach1-deficient mice after high-fat diet loading for 6 wk, suggesting minimal roles of Bach1 in the development of insulin resistance. In contrast, Bach1 deficiency significantly suppressed alloxan-induced pancreatic insulin content reduction and the resultant glucose elevation. Furthermore, TUNEL-positive cells in pancreatic islets of Bach1-deficient mice were markedly decreased, by 60%, compared with those in WT mice. HO-1 expression in islets was significantly upregulated in alloxan-injected Bach1-deficient mice, whereas expression of other antioxidative enzymes, e.g., catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase, was not changed by either alloxan administration or Bach1 deficiency. Our results suggest that Bach1 deficiency protects pancreatic β-cells from oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and that the enhancement of HO-1 expression plays an important role in this protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Kondo
- Division of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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20
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Triptolide (TPL) possesses profound immunosuppressive effects and has potential in allograft transplantation. We investigated whether TPL treatment prevents autoimmune diabetes in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice and prolongs the survival of islet grafts against autoimmune attack or allograft rejection. METHODS Diabetic incidence was monitored in TPL-treated NOD mice. Nonobese diabetic or BALB/c islets were transplanted into diabetic recipients treated with TPL. Different T-cell subsets in grafts or spleen were analyzed. The proliferation, apoptosis, cytokines, and activities of AKT, NFκB, and caspases 3, 8, and 9 of T cells were determined. RESULTS Diabetic incidence was reduced and inflammatory cytokines were decreased in islets and spleen under TPL treatment. T-cell proliferation was reduced and the survival of syngeneic or allogeneic grafts was significantly increased in TPL-treated mice. The populations of CD4, CD8, CD4CD69, CD8CD69, and interferon-γ-producing T cells in islet grafts and spleen were reduced. Triptolide treatment increased the apoptosis of T cells in the spleen of recipients. Levels of phosphorylated protein kinase B and phosphorylated inhibitor of kappa B in splenocytes were reduced and caspases 3, 8, and 9 were increased in TPL-treated mice. CONCLUSIONS Triptolide treatment not only reduced the diabetic incidence in NOD mice but also prolonged the survival of syngeneic or allogeneic grafts.
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21
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Huang SH, Lin GJ, Chien MW, Chu CH, Yu JC, Chen TW, Hueng DY, Liu YL, Sytwu HK. Adverse Effect on Syngeneic Islet Transplantation by Transgenic Coexpression of Decoy Receptor 3 and Heme Oxygenase-1 in the Islet of NOD Mice. Transplant Proc 2013; 45:580-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2012.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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22
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Barbagallo I, Galvano F, Frigiola A, Cappello F, Riccioni G, Murabito P, D'Orazio N, Torella M, Gazzolo D, Li Volti G. Potential therapeutic effects of natural heme oxygenase-1 inducers in cardiovascular diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:507-21. [PMID: 23025298 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Many physiological effects of natural antioxidants, their extracts or their major active components, have been reported in recent decades. Most of these compounds are characterized by a phenolic structure, similar to that of α-tocopherol, and present antioxidant properties that have been demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. Polyphenols may increase the capacity of endogenous antioxidant defenses and modulate the cellular redox state. Such effects may have wide-ranging consequences for cellular growth and differentiation. CRITICAL ISSUES The majority of in vitro and in vivo studies conducted so far have attributed the protective effect of bioactive polyphenols to their chemical reactivity toward free radicals and their capacity to prevent the oxidation of important intracellular components. One possible protective molecular mechanism of polyphenols is nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) activation, which in turn regulates a number of detoxification enzymes. RECENT ADVANCES Among the latter, the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway is likely to contribute to the established and powerful antioxidant/anti-inflammatory properties of polyphenols. In this context, it is interesting to note that induction of HO-1 expression by means of natural compounds contributes to prevention of cardiovascular diseases in various experimental models. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The focus of this review is on the role of natural HO-1 inducers as a potential therapeutic strategy to protect the cardiovascular system against various stressors in several pathological conditions.
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23
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Lin MH, Chou FC, Yeh LT, Fu SH, Chiou HYC, Lin KI, Chang DM, Sytwu HK. B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 (BLIMP-1) attenuates autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice by suppressing Th1 and Th17 cells. Diabetologia 2013; 56:136-46. [PMID: 23052053 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2722-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Recent reports indicate that B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 (BLIMP-1), encoded by the Prdm1 gene, expands its control over T cells and is associated with susceptibility to colitis in mice with T cell-specific BLIMP-1 deficiency. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential role of BLIMP-1 in regulating autoimmune diabetes and T helper type 17 (Th17) cells. METHODS We generated T cell-specific Blimp1 (also known as Prdm1) transgenic (Tg) or conditional knockout (CKO) NOD mice, in which Blimp1 is overexpressed or deleted in T cells, respectively. By side-by-side analysing these Tg or CKO mice, we further dissected the potential mechanisms of BLIMP-1-mediated modulation on autoimmune diabetes. RESULTS Overproduction of BLIMP-1 in T cells significantly attenuated insulitis and the incidence of diabetes in NOD mice. Consistent with these results, the diabetogenic effect of splenocytes was remarkably impaired in Blimp1 Tg mice. Moreover, overproduction of BLIMP-1 repressed the proliferation and activation of lymphocytes and enhanced the function of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in NOD mice. In contrast, mice lacking BLIMP-1 in T cells markedly increased Th1 and Th17 cells, and developed highly proliferative and activated lymphocytes. Strikingly, overexpansion of Th1 and Th17 cells in CKO mice was significantly reduced by introducing a Blimp1 transgene, reinforcing the emerging role of BLIMP-1 in autoimmunity. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We conclude that BLIMP-1 orchestrates a T cell-specific modulation of autoimmunity by affecting lymphocyte proliferation and activation, Th1 and Th17 cell differentiation, and Treg function. Our results provide a theoretical basis for developing BLIMP-1-manipulated therapies for autoimmune diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Autoimmunity
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Crosses, Genetic
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/prevention & control
- Female
- Immunosuppression Therapy
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, SCID
- Mice, Transgenic
- Pancreas/immunology
- Pancreas/pathology
- Positive Regulatory Domain I-Binding Factor 1
- Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/pathology
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1 Cells/pathology
- Th17 Cells/immunology
- Th17 Cells/pathology
- Transcription Factors/biosynthesis
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- M-H Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, 161, Section 6, MinChuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Chou FC, Chen HY, Chen SJ, Fang MC, Sytwu HK. Rodent models for investigating the dysregulation of immune responses in type 1 diabetes. J Diabetes Res 2013; 2013:138412. [PMID: 23671851 PMCID: PMC3647569 DOI: 10.1155/2013/138412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease mediated by T cells that selectively destroy the insulin-producing β cells. Previous reports based on epidemiological and animal studies have demonstrated that both genetic factors and environmental parameters can either promote or attenuate the progression of autoimmunity. In recent decades, several inbred rodent strains that spontaneously develop diabetes have been applied to the investigation of the pathogenesis of T1D. Because the genetic manipulation of mice is well developed (transgenic, knockout, and conditional knockout/transgenic), most studies are performed using the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse model. This paper will focus on the use of genetically manipulated NOD mice to explore the pathogenesis of T1D and to develop potential therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Cheng Chou
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, R8324, 161, Section 6, MinChuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Yi Chen
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, R8324, 161, Section 6, MinChuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Shyi-Jou Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, 325, Section 2, Chenggong Road, Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Cho Fang
- Laboratory Animal Center, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Kang Sytwu
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, R8324, 161, Section 6, MinChuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- *Huey-Kang Sytwu:
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Chou FC, Kuo CC, Wang YL, Lin MH, Linju Yen B, Chang DM, Sytwu HK. Overexpression of galectin-9 in islets prolongs grafts survival via downregulation of Th1 responses. Cell Transplant 2012; 22:2135-45. [PMID: 23067523 DOI: 10.3727/096368912x657891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The differential activation of T helper (Th) cells and production of cytokines contribute to graft rejection or tolerance. In general, the Th1-type cytokines and cytotoxic T-cells are detected consistently in a host who is undergoing rejection, whereas Th2 responses are linked to a tolerance condition. Galectin-9 modulates Th1 cell immunity by binding to the T-cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (Tim-3) molecule expressed on the Th1 cells. We investigate whether overexpression of galectin-9 in islets prolongs grafts survival in diabetic recipients. Islets were transduced with lentiviruses carrying galectin-9 and were then transplanted to streptozotocin-induced diabetic NOD/SCID recipients. The normoglycemic recipients then received splenocytes from diabetic NOD mice. Blood glucose concentration was monitored daily after adoptive transfer. The histology of the islet grafts and flow cytometric analyses were assessed at the end of the study. Overexpression of galectin-9 in islets prolonged graft survival in NOD/SCID mice after challenge with diabetogenic splenocytes (mean graft survival, 38.5 vs. 26.0 days, n=10, respectively; p=0.0096). The galectin-9-overexpressed grafts showed decreased infiltration of IFN-γ-producing CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cells, but not of IL-17-producing CD4(+) T-cells. Strikingly, this islet-specific genetic manipulation did not affect the systemic lymphocyte composition, indicating that galectin-9 may regulate T-cell-mediated inflammation in situ. We demonstrate that galectin-9 protects grafts from Th1 and Tc1 cell-mediated rejections, suggesting that galectin-9 has preventive and/or therapeutic benefit in transplant therapy for autoimmune diabetes and may be applied further to the transplantation of other organs or tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Cheng Chou
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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26
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Novotny GW, Lundh M, Backe MB, Christensen DP, Hansen JB, Dahllöf MS, Pallesen EMH, Mandrup-Poulsen T. Transcriptional and translational regulation of cytokine signaling in inflammatory β-cell dysfunction and apoptosis. Arch Biochem Biophys 2012; 528:171-84. [PMID: 23063755 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2012.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Disease is conventionally viewed as the chaotic inappropriate outcome of deranged tissue function resulting from aberrancies in cellular processes. Yet the patho-biology of cellular dysfunction and death encompasses a coordinated network no less sophisticated and regulated than maintenance of homeostatic balance. Cellular demise is far from passive subordination to stress but requires controlled coordination of energy-requiring activities including gene transcription and protein translation that determine the graded transition between defensive mechanisms, cell cycle regulation, dedifferentiation and ultimately to the activation of death programmes. In fact, most stressors stimulate both homeostasis and regeneration on one hand and impairment and destruction on the other, depending on the ambient circumstances. Here we illustrate this bimodal ambiguity in cell response by reviewing recent progress in our understanding of how the pancreatic β cell copes with inflammatory stress by changing gene transcription and protein translation by the differential and interconnected action of reactive oxygen and nitric oxide species, microRNAs and posttranslational protein modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy W Novotny
- Section of Endocrinological Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Chou FC, Huang SH, Sytwu HK. Genetically engineered islets and alternative sources of insulin-producing cells for treating autoimmune diabetes: quo vadis? Int J Endocrinol 2012; 2012:296485. [PMID: 22690214 PMCID: PMC3368364 DOI: 10.1155/2012/296485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Islet transplantation is a promising therapy for patients with type 1 diabetes that can provide moment-to-moment metabolic control of glucose and allow them to achieve insulin independence. However, two major problems need to be overcome: (1) detrimental immune responses, including inflammation induced by the islet isolation/transplantation procedure, recurrence autoimmunity, and allorejection, can cause graft loss and (2) inadequate numbers of organ donors. Several gene therapy approaches and pharmaceutical treatments have been demonstrated to prolong the survival of pancreatic islet grafts in animal models; however, the clinical applications need to be investigated further. In addition, for an alternative source of pancreatic β-cell replacement therapy, the ex vivo generation of insulin-secreting cells from diverse origins of stem/progenitor cells has become an attractive option in regenerative medicine. This paper focuses on the genetic manipulation of islets during transplantation therapy and summarizes current strategies to obtain functional insulin-secreting cells from stem/progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Cheng Chou
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Hwa Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Kang Sytwu
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- *Huey-Kang Sytwu:
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28
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Induction of protective genes leads to islet survival and function. J Transplant 2011; 2011:141898. [PMID: 22220267 PMCID: PMC3246756 DOI: 10.1155/2011/141898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Islet transplantation is the most valid approach to the treatment of type 1 diabetes. However, the function of transplanted islets is often compromised since a large number of β cells undergo apoptosis induced by stress and the immune rejection response elicited by the recipient after transplantation. Conventional treatment for islet transplantation is to administer immunosuppressive drugs to the recipient to suppress the immune rejection response mounted against transplanted islets. Induction of protective genes in the recipient (e.g., heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), A20/tumor necrosis factor alpha inducible protein3 (tnfaip3), biliverdin reductase (BVR), Bcl2, and others) or administration of one or more of the products of HO-1 to the donor, the islets themselves, and/or the recipient offers an alternative or synergistic approach to improve islet graft survival and function. In this perspective, we summarize studies describing the protective effects of these genes on islet survival and function in rodent allogeneic and xenogeneic transplantation models and the prevention of onset of diabetes, with emphasis on HO-1, A20, and BVR. Such approaches are also appealing to islet autotransplantation in patients with chronic pancreatitis after total pancreatectomy, a procedure that currently only leads to 1/3 of transplanted patients being diabetes-free.
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Chhabra P, Brayman KL. Current status of immunomodulatory and cellular therapies in preclinical and clinical islet transplantation. J Transplant 2011; 2011:637692. [PMID: 22046502 PMCID: PMC3199196 DOI: 10.1155/2011/637692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical islet transplantation is a β-cell replacement strategy that represents a possible definitive intervention for patients with type 1 diabetes, offering substantial benefits in terms of lowering daily insulin requirements and reducing incidences of debilitating hypoglycemic episodes and unawareness. Despite impressive advances in this field, a limiting supply of islets, inadequate means for preventing islet rejection, and the deleterious diabetogenic and nephrotoxic side effects associated with chronic immunosuppressive therapy preclude its wide-spread applicability. Islet transplantation however allows a window of opportunity for attempting various therapeutic manipulations of islets prior to transplantation aimed at achieving superior transplant outcomes. In this paper, we will focus on the current status of various immunosuppressive and cellular therapies that promote graft function and survival in preclinical and clinical islet transplantation with special emphasis on the tolerance-inducing capacity of regulatory T cells as well as the β-cells regenerative capacity of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Chhabra
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Kenneth L. Brayman
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- The Center for Cellular Transplantation and Therapeutics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Lin GJ, Huang SH, Chen YW, Hueng DY, Chia WT, Chien MW, Yen BL, Sytwu HK. Transgenic expression of murine chemokine decoy receptor D6 by islets reveals the role of inflammatory CC chemokines in the development of autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice. Diabetologia 2011; 54:1777-87. [PMID: 21544515 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-011-2166-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Autoimmune diabetes results from a progressive destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreatic islets by chemokine-attracted lymphocytes. Because islet cells in NOD mice produce chemokines during the development of autoimmune diabetes, we investigated the role of inflammatory CC chemokines in disease progression in these mice. METHODS We generated a transgenic NOD mouse model that overproduces the inflammatory CC chemokine decoy receptor D6 in pancreatic islets. RESULTS The frequency of diabetes and insulitis scores of transgenic mice were decreased significantly, compared with non-transgenic control littermates. Transgenic expression of D6 (also known as Ccbp2) did not affect systemic lymphocyte development or alter: (1) the T cell subsets such as T helper (Th)1, Th2 and T regulatory cells; or (2) antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells or macrophages. The percentages and numbers of T and B lymphocytes were decreased significantly in the pancreas. Activation status, autoantigen-specific proliferation and diabetogenicity of lymphocytes were also markedly reduced. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Inflammatory CC chemokines play a critical role in the development of autoimmune diabetes. Transgenic expression of D6 in pancreatic islets of NOD mice reduced this pathogenic process by suppressing activation of autoreactive lymphocytes and by reducing migration of lymphocytes to the pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- G-J Lin
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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31
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Oxidative stress and redox modulation potential in type 1 diabetes. Clin Dev Immunol 2011; 2011:593863. [PMID: 21647409 PMCID: PMC3102468 DOI: 10.1155/2011/593863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Redox reactions are imperative to preserving cellular metabolism yet must be strictly regulated. Imbalances between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants can initiate oxidative stress, which without proper resolve, can manifest into disease. In type 1 diabetes (T1D), T-cell-mediated autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells is secondary to the primary invasion of macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) into the islets. Macrophages/DCs, however, are activated by intercellular ROS from resident pancreatic phagocytes and intracellular ROS formed after receptor-ligand interactions via redox-dependent transcription factors such as NF-κB. Activated macrophages/DCs ferry β-cell antigens specifically to pancreatic lymph nodes, where they trigger reactive T cells through synapse formation and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and more ROS. ROS generation, therefore, is pivotal in formulating both innate and adaptive immune responses accountable for islet cell autoimmunity. The importance of ROS/oxidative stress as well as potential for redox modulation in the context of T1D will be discussed.
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Zhang B, Kang M, Xie Q, Xu B, Sun C, Chen K, Wu Y. Anthocyanins from Chinese bayberry extract protect β cells from oxidative stress-mediated injury via HO-1 upregulation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:537-545. [PMID: 21166417 DOI: 10.1021/jf1035405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role during the islet transplantation procedure, and antioxidant supplementation may protect grafts against oxidative injury. Chinese bayberry is one of six Myrica species native to China, and we demonstrated here that anthocyanins from Chinese bayberry extract (CBE) protect pancreatic β cells (INS-1) against hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2))-induced necrosis and apoptosis. Anthocyanins time- and dose-dependently upregulated heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) gene expression in β cells and primary islets. HO-1 knockdown increased H(2)O(2)-induced cell death and attenuated the cytoprotective effect of anthocyanins. Anthocyanin treatment activated ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt signaling, and ERK1/2 and PI3K inhibitors partially attenuated anthocyanin-mediated induction of HO-1. Additionally, β cells pretreated with anthocyanins displayed a decreased extent of apoptosis after transplantation. In summary, these results suggest that anthocyanins in CBE protect β cells from H(2)O(2)-induced cell injury via ERK1/2- and PI3K/Akt-mediated HO-1 upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Number 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310009, People's Republic of China
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