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Tian N, Song L, Hou T, Fa W, Dong Y, Liu R, Ren Y, Liu C, Zhu M, Zhang H, Wang Y, Cong L, Du Y, Qiu C. Association of Triglyceride-Glucose Index With Cognitive Function and Brain Atrophy: A Population-Based Study. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2024; 32:151-162. [PMID: 37827915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2023.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the associations of triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, a reliable surrogate marker for insulin resistance, with the function of various cognitive domains and brain structures among older adults. DESIGN A population-based cross-sectional study. SETTING Older adults living in the rural communities in China. PARTICIPANTS About 4,541 rural-dwelling dementia-free participants (age ≥65 years; 56.37% women) undertook examinations in March-September 2018 for MIND-China. MEASUREMENTS TyG index was calculated as ln[fasting triglyceride (mg/dL) × fasting glucose (mg/dL)/2]. A neuropsychological test battery was used to assess memory, attention, verbal fluency, and executive function. Volumetric brain measures were assessed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a subsample (n = 1,019). Data were analyzed with restricted cubic spline and multivariable general linear models. RESULTS An inverted J-shaped association was observed between TyG index and z-scores of multiple cognitive domains, such that among individuals with TyG index ≥8.57 (median), a higher TyG index was significantly associated with lower z-scores of memory, attention, verbal fluency, executive function, and global cognition (all p < 0.05); among people with TyG index <8.57, a higher TyG index was significantly associated with a higher executive function z-score (p < 0.05), but not with any of the other examined cognitive domains. In the MRI subsample, a higher TyG index was significantly associated with lower volumes of total brain tissue, gray matter, and white matter as well as greater cerebrospinal fluid volume (p < 0.05), but not with white matter hyperintensity volume. CONCLUSIONS Insulin resistance, as indicated by a high TyG index, was associated with poor function in multiple cognitive domains and global brain atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Tian
- Department of Neurology (NT, LS, TH, WF, YD, RL, CL, MZ, HZ, YW, LC, YD, CQ), Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (NT, LS, TH, YD, RL, CL, MZ, HZ, YW, LC, YD), Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China; Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center (NT, YD), Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
| | - Lin Song
- Department of Neurology (NT, LS, TH, WF, YD, RL, CL, MZ, HZ, YW, LC, YD, CQ), Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (NT, LS, TH, YD, RL, CL, MZ, HZ, YW, LC, YD), Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Hou
- Department of Neurology (NT, LS, TH, WF, YD, RL, CL, MZ, HZ, YW, LC, YD, CQ), Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (NT, LS, TH, YD, RL, CL, MZ, HZ, YW, LC, YD), Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Wenxin Fa
- Department of Neurology (NT, LS, TH, WF, YD, RL, CL, MZ, HZ, YW, LC, YD, CQ), Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Yi Dong
- Department of Neurology (NT, LS, TH, WF, YD, RL, CL, MZ, HZ, YW, LC, YD, CQ), Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (NT, LS, TH, YD, RL, CL, MZ, HZ, YW, LC, YD), Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Neurology (NT, LS, TH, WF, YD, RL, CL, MZ, HZ, YW, LC, YD, CQ), Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (NT, LS, TH, YD, RL, CL, MZ, HZ, YW, LC, YD), Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Yifei Ren
- Department of Neurology (YR, YD), Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Cuicui Liu
- Department of Neurology (NT, LS, TH, WF, YD, RL, CL, MZ, HZ, YW, LC, YD, CQ), Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (NT, LS, TH, YD, RL, CL, MZ, HZ, YW, LC, YD), Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhu
- Department of Neurology (NT, LS, TH, WF, YD, RL, CL, MZ, HZ, YW, LC, YD, CQ), Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (NT, LS, TH, YD, RL, CL, MZ, HZ, YW, LC, YD), Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Neurology (NT, LS, TH, WF, YD, RL, CL, MZ, HZ, YW, LC, YD, CQ), Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (NT, LS, TH, YD, RL, CL, MZ, HZ, YW, LC, YD), Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Yongxiang Wang
- Department of Neurology (NT, LS, TH, WF, YD, RL, CL, MZ, HZ, YW, LC, YD, CQ), Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (NT, LS, TH, YD, RL, CL, MZ, HZ, YW, LC, YD), Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China; Institute of Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Research (YW, YD), Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China; Aging Research Center and Center for Alzheimer Research (YW, CQ), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University, 17165 Solna, Sweden
| | - Lin Cong
- Department of Neurology (NT, LS, TH, WF, YD, RL, CL, MZ, HZ, YW, LC, YD, CQ), Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (NT, LS, TH, YD, RL, CL, MZ, HZ, YW, LC, YD), Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Yifeng Du
- Department of Neurology (NT, LS, TH, WF, YD, RL, CL, MZ, HZ, YW, LC, YD, CQ), Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (NT, LS, TH, YD, RL, CL, MZ, HZ, YW, LC, YD), Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China; Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center (NT, YD), Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China; Department of Neurology (YR, YD), Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China; Institute of Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Research (YW, YD), Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China.
| | - Chengxuan Qiu
- Department of Neurology (NT, LS, TH, WF, YD, RL, CL, MZ, HZ, YW, LC, YD, CQ), Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China; Aging Research Center and Center for Alzheimer Research (YW, CQ), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University, 17165 Solna, Sweden
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Wang F, Liu C, Ren L, Li Y, Yang H, Yu Y, Xu W. Sanziguben polysaccharides improve diabetic nephropathy in mice by regulating gut microbiota to inhibit the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signalling pathway. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:427-436. [PMID: 36772833 PMCID: PMC9930838 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2174145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Sanziguben (SZGB) is an empirical prescription used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat diabetic nephropathy (DN). As an abundant and primarily effective component of SZGB, Sanziguben polysaccharides (SZP) can be digested by flora to generate biological activity. OBJECTIVE Our study aimed to clarify the potential mechanism of SZP in improving chronic DN. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male db/db mice were randomized into DN, SZP (500 mg/kg) and metformin (MET, 300 mg/kg) groups. Wild-type littermates served as the normal control (NC) group. The drug was orally administered for 8 weeks. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the inflammatory factors. Proteins related to inflammation were evaluated using western blotting and immunohistochemical examination. Gut microbiota was analysed using 16S rRNA sequencing. RESULTS SZP significantly reduced 24 h urine albumin (p < 0.05) of DN mice. Compared to DN group, SZP significantly decreased the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels (20.27 ± 3.50 vs. 33.64 ± 4.85, 19.22 ± 3.77 vs. 32.52 ± 3.05 μmol/L, 13.23 ± 1.42 vs. 16.27 ± 0.77 mmol/L, respectively), and mitigated renal damage. SZP also regulated gut microbiota and decreased the abundance of Gram-negative bacteria (Proteobacteria, Klebsiella and Escherichia-Shigella). Subsequently, SZP reduced lipopolysaccharides levels (1.06- to 1.93-fold) of DN mice. Furthermore, SZP inhibited the expression levels of TLR4, phospho-NF-κB p65, NLRP3 proteins and interleukin (IL)-18 and IL-1β. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated that SZP improved intestinal flora disorder and inhibited the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway to alleviate DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - LingZhi Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - YanYang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - HongMei Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - WeiPing Xu
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Guangdong Provincial Peoples Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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Wei B, Dong Q, Ma J, Zhang A. The association between triglyceride-glucose index and cognitive function in nondiabetic elderly: NHANES 2011-2014. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:188. [PMID: 37932783 PMCID: PMC10629120 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01959-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between Insulin resistance (IR) evaluated through homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and cognitive function is controversial among nondiabetic individuals. No study so far has reported the association between the IR evaluated through triglyceride glucose (TyG) index and cognitive function among nondiabetics. This study aims to assess this association among US nondiabetic older elderly. METHODS Data were obtained from the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Low cognitive function was evaluated using the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Battery for immediate word list learning (CERAD-WL) and delayed recall (CERAD-DR) test, the Animal Fluency Test (AFT), and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Logistic regression analyses were conducted to compute the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidential interval (CI) to examine the association between the TyG index (continuous and quartiles) and low cognitive function. RESULTS A total of 661 nondiabetic older adults were included with a mean age of 68.62 ± 6.49 years. Compared to the 1st quartile of the TyG index, participants in the TyG index 4th quartile were associated with low cognitive function evaluated through the CERAD test (CERAD-WL and CERAD-DR) [OR: 2.62; 95% CI (1.31, 5.23); P < 0.05]. Subgroup analyses showed that females (ORQ4 VS Q1: 3.07; 95% CI (1.04, 9.05); P < 0.05) and smokers (OR Q4 VS Q1: 2.70; 95% CI (1.01, 7.26); P < 0.05) categories were related with a higher risk of low cognitive function. CONCLUSIONS A high TyG index was strongly correlated with low cognitive function evaluated through the CERAD test (CERAD-WL and CERAD-DR) among US nondiabetic older women. The management of IR in women might be beneficial to primarily prevent low cognitive function among nondiabetic older elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojian Wei
- School of Nursing, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No.619 Changcheng Road, Daiyue District, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Qianni Dong
- School of Nursing, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No.619 Changcheng Road, Daiyue District, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Jinlong Ma
- School of Nursing, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- School of Nursing, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No.619 Changcheng Road, Daiyue District, Taian, 271000, China.
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Ayromlou H, Hosseini S, Khalili M, Ayromlou S, Khamudchiyan S, Farajdokht F, Hassannezhad S, Amiri Moghadam S. Insulin resistance is associated with cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis patients: A cross-sectional study. J Neuroendocrinol 2023; 35:e13288. [PMID: 37317829 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive inflammatory neurodegenerative disease of the nervous system accompanied by demyelination. MS-associated cognitive impairments mainly involve recent memory, information processing speed, stable memory, and executive function. Moreover, MS is associated with impaired glucose and insulin metabolism, which can exacerbate cognitive decline. The present study aimed to compare the cognitive status of MS patients with and without insulin resistance. In this cross-sectional study, 74 relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis diagnosed patients were enrolled. Indicators of insulin resistance, including fasting blood glucose, insulin level, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, were measured. They were then divided into two groups based on the results of the HOMA-IR index. Cognition status was evaluated by the minimal assessment of cognitive function in multiple sclerosis battery. The prevalence of insulin resistance was 37.8%, and the prevalence of cognitive decline was estimated to be 67.56%. Mean scores of the California verbal learning test (CVLT), CVLT delayed free recall, controlled oral word association test, and judgment of line orientation tests were significantly lower in MS patients with insulin resistance than without. In addition, a negative correlation was demonstrated between the results of the CVLT, CVLT delayed free recall, controlled oral word association test, judgment of line orientation tests, brief visuospatial memory test, and Delis-Kaplan executive function system sorting tests and fasting insulin levels. Greater verbal memory and spatial comprehension impairments were observed in MS patients with insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hormoz Ayromlou
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samaneh Hosseini
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khalili
- School of Medicine, Islamic Azad Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samin Ayromlou
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Fereshteh Farajdokht
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sina Hassannezhad
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Tian N, Fa W, Dong Y, Liu R, Liu C, Liu K, Mao M, Zhu M, Liang X, Wang N, Ma Y, Ngandu T, Launer LJ, Wang Y, Hou T, Du Y, Qiu C. Triglyceride-glucose index, Alzheimer's disease plasma biomarkers, and dementia in older adults: The MIND-China study. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 15:e12426. [PMID: 37101710 PMCID: PMC10123384 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Population-based studies have rarely explored the associations of the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, a surrogate marker of insulin resistance, with dementia and plasma biomarkers for amyloid beta (Aβ) and neurodegeneration. Methods This population-based study included 5199 participants (age ≥ 65 years); of these, plasma Aβ, total tau, and neurofilament light chain (NfL) were measured in 1287 persons. Dementia and subtypes were diagnosed following the international criteria. TyG index was calculated as ln(fasting triglyceride(mg/dL) × fasting glucose[mg/dL]/2). Data were analyzed using logistic and general linear regression models. Results Dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD) were diagnosed in 301, 195, and 95 individuals, respectively. A high TyG index was significantly associated with increased likelihoods of dementia and AD; the significant association with dementia remained among participants without cardiovascular disease or diabetes. In the biomarker subsample, a high TyG index was correlated with elevated plasma Aβ, but not with total tau or NfL. Discussion High TyG index is associated with dementia, possibly via Aβ pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Tian
- Department of NeurologyShandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanP.R. China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesJinanP.R. China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation CenterShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanP.R. China
| | - Wenxin Fa
- Department of NeurologyShandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanP.R. China
| | - Yi Dong
- Department of NeurologyShandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanP.R. China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesJinanP.R. China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of NeurologyShandong Provincial HospitalShandong UniversityJinanP.R. China
| | - Cuicui Liu
- Department of NeurologyShandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanP.R. China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesJinanP.R. China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation CenterShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanP.R. China
| | - Keke Liu
- Department of NeurologyShandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanP.R. China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesJinanP.R. China
| | - Ming Mao
- Department of NeurologyShandong Provincial HospitalShandong UniversityJinanP.R. China
| | - Min Zhu
- Department of NeurologyShandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanP.R. China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesJinanP.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Liang
- Department of NeurologyShandong Provincial HospitalShandong UniversityJinanP.R. China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of NeurologyShandong Provincial HospitalShandong UniversityJinanP.R. China
| | - Yixun Ma
- Department of NeurologyShandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanP.R. China
| | - Tiia Ngandu
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics and Center for Alzheimer ResearchDepartment of NeurobiologyCare Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Public Health and WelfareFinnish Institute for Health and WelfareHelsinkiFinland
| | - Lenore J. Launer
- Intramural Research Program, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population SciencesNational Institute on Aging, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Yongxiang Wang
- Department of NeurologyShandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanP.R. China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesJinanP.R. China
- Aging Research Center and Center for Alzheimer ResearchDepartment of NVSKarolinska Institutet‐Stockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Tingting Hou
- Department of NeurologyShandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanP.R. China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesJinanP.R. China
| | - Yifeng Du
- Department of NeurologyShandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanP.R. China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesJinanP.R. China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation CenterShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanP.R. China
- Department of NeurologyShandong Provincial HospitalShandong UniversityJinanP.R. China
| | - Chengxuan Qiu
- Department of NeurologyShandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanP.R. China
- Aging Research Center and Center for Alzheimer ResearchDepartment of NVSKarolinska Institutet‐Stockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
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Li S, Deng X, Zhang Y. The Triglyceride-Glucose Index Is Associated with Longitudinal Cognitive Decline in a Middle-Aged to Elderly Population: A Cohort Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11237153. [PMID: 36498726 PMCID: PMC9737091 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11237153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To examine the effect of the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index on longitudinal cognitive decline in a healthy middle-aged-to-elderly population. METHODS We conducted a population-based longitudinal study. A total of 1774 participants without cognitive impairment were enrolled in the 4-year follow-up. They were divided into four groups according to the quartile of the TyG index. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were performed to examine the association between the TyG index and cognitive decline. Discrimination tests were used to evaluate the incremental predictive value of the TyG index beyond conventional risk factors. RESULTS During the follow-up, compared with those in the bottom quartile group, participants in the top TyG quartile group presented a 51% increase in the risk of cognitive decline (OR 1.51 (95% CI: 1.06-2.14)). As shown by discrimination tests, adding the TyG index into the conventional model resulted in a slight improvement in predicting the risk of cognitive decline (NRI 16.00% (p = 0.004)). CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that increasing values of the TyG index were positively associated with the risk of cognitive decline. Monitoring the TyG index may help in the early identification of individuals at high risk of cognitive deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Li
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Xuan Deng
- Clinical Research Institute, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Yumei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-59975531
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Huddleston HG, Casaletto KB, Jaswa EG, Rasgon NL, Maki PP, Cedars MI, Pasch L. Endophenotypic correlates of cognitive function in reproductive-age individuals with polycystic ovary syndrome. F S Rep 2022; 3:372-379. [PMID: 36568925 PMCID: PMC9783146 DOI: 10.1016/j.xfre.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To characterize cognitive performance in relation to hormonal and metabolic factors in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Tertiary university center. Patients A total of 48 individuals, aged 21-46 years, with PCOS according to the Rotterdam criteria. Interventions Complete history and physical examinations, endovaginal ultrasounds, dermatologic assessments, neuropsychological assessments, and metabolic and hormonal serum tests. Main Outcome Measures Sample-based z-scores on a comprehensive cognitive test battery. Results Subjects were defined as having an androgenic (n = 31) or a nonandrogenic (n = 17) PCOS phenotype. Compared with their nonandrogenized counterparts, subjects with hyperandrogenism demonstrated lower relative performance on the tests of executive function (β-coefficient for the executive function composite z-score, -0.44; 95% confidence interval, -0.79 to -0.09), despite similar performance on the tests of memory, verbal reasoning, and perceptual reasoning. These differences were independent of age, years of education, and obesity. In an exploratory analysis in which subjects were stratified by the presence of insulin resistance (IR), subjects with PCOS with both IR and hyperandrogenism showed the lowest performance on a composite score of executive function, followed by those with hyperandrogenism alone. Conclusions In this small study, subjects with hyperandrogenic PCOS demonstrated lower performance on the tests of executive function than subjects with nonandrogenic PCOS. Additional research is needed to confirm these findings in larger cohorts and investigate the role of modifiable factors, including IR, on cognitive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather G. Huddleston
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California,Reprint requests: Heather G. Huddleston, M.D., Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 2356 Sutter Street, 7th Floor, San Francisco, California 94115-0916.
| | - Kaitlin B. Casaletto
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Eleni G. Jaswa
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Natalie L. Rasgon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Pauline P. Maki
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Marcelle I. Cedars
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Lauri Pasch
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California,Department of Psychology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois,Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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Ehtewish H, Arredouani A, El-Agnaf O. Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Mechanistic Biomarkers of Diabetes Mellitus-Associated Cognitive Decline. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6144. [PMID: 35682821 PMCID: PMC9181591 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunctions such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and other forms of dementia are recognized as common comorbidities of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Currently, there are no disease-modifying therapies or definitive clinical diagnostic and prognostic tools for dementia, and the mechanisms underpinning the link between T2DM and cognitive dysfunction remain equivocal. Some of the suggested pathophysiological mechanisms underlying cognitive decline in diabetes patients include hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and altered insulin signaling, neuroinflammation, cerebral microvascular injury, and buildup of cerebral amyloid and tau proteins. Given the skyrocketing global rates of diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders, there is an urgent need to discover novel biomarkers relevant to the co-morbidity of both conditions to guide future diagnostic approaches. This review aims to provide a comprehensive background of the potential risk factors, the identified biomarkers of diabetes-related cognitive decrements, and the underlying processes of diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction. Aging, poor glycemic control, hypoglycemia and hyperglycemic episodes, depression, and vascular complications are associated with increased risk of dementia. Conclusive research studies that have attempted to find specific biomarkers are limited. However, the most frequent considerations in such investigations are related to C reactive protein, tau protein, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, advanced glycation end products, glycosylated hemoglobin, and adipokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Ehtewish
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (BBS), College of Health & Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha 34110, Qatar;
| | - Abdelilah Arredouani
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (BBS), College of Health & Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha 34110, Qatar;
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha 34110, Qatar
| | - Omar El-Agnaf
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (BBS), College of Health & Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha 34110, Qatar;
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha 34110, Qatar
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9
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Moustafa SR. The immune-opioid axis in prediabetes: predicting prediabetes with insulin resistance by plasma interleukin-10 and endomorphin-2 to kappa-opioid receptors ratio. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2021; 13:61. [PMID: 34099024 PMCID: PMC8185911 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-021-00677-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prediabetes is characterized by a hemoglobin A1c of 5.7-6.4% and fasting blood glucose of 100-125 mg/dl. A high percentage of prediabetes subjects develop type 2 diabetes mellitus in the next years. The effects of opioid peptides and their receptors, in addition to immunological cytokines, on prediabetes are not well understood. Therefore, molecular, physiological, and clinical studies are required to link the opioid system, immune system, and insulin resistance (IR) in prediabetes. We hypothesize that opioid peptides (endomorphin-2 (EM2), and β-endorphin (βEP)), and their receptors (µ-opioid receptors (MOR) and κ-opioid receptors (KOR)), in addition to the inflammatory cytokines (IL-6) and anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10), affect IR parameters in patients with prediabetes. METHODS Sixty prediabetes patients with IR (prediabetes+IR) and sixty prediabetes patients without IR (prediabetes-IR), in addition to 58 controls, have participated in the study. IL-6, IL-10, EM2, βEP, MOR, and KOR were measured by the ELISA technique. RESULTS In general, most prediabetes subjects have dyslipidemia. The IL-6, IL-10, β-endorphin, MOR, and endomorphin-2 were higher in the prediabetes subgroups than the control group. The immune system was activated in the prediabetes in an IR-dependent manner. Prediabetes+IR can be predicted by the increased levels of IL-10, βEP, and EM2 and by the combination of IL-10 and EM2/KOR with good sensitivity and specificity. CONCLUSION Opioid peptides and their receptors were upregulated in patients with prediabetes, depending on the significance of IR and the immune cytokines. The intercorrelation between the immune system, EOS, and insulin in prediabetes was confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shatha Rouf Moustafa
- Clinical Analysis Department, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Roya Towers C21, Erbil, Iraq.
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10
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Guo J, Brickman AM, Manly JJ, Reitz C, Schupf N, Mayeux RP, Gu Y. Association of Life's Simple 7 with incident dementia and its modification by the apolipoprotein E genotype. Alzheimers Dement 2021; 17:1905-1913. [PMID: 33938146 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is limited and inconsistent reporting on the association between Life's Simple 7 (LS7) and dementia in the elderly population. METHODS Based on the Washington Heights-Inwood Columbia Aging Project (WHICAP), LS7 scores were estimated to assess cardiovascular health status. Associations between LS7 scores and incident dementia were investigated by Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS Among 1987 subjects, 291 incident cases of dementia were identified over a median follow-up of 5.84 years. Compared with subjects in the poor cardiovascular health group (scores 0 to 5), those in intermediate (6 to 9) and optimal (10 to 14) groups had lower dementia risk, with the hazard ratio (HR; 95% confidence interval) being 0.74 (0.54 to 1.00) and 0.59 (0.38 to 0.91), respectively. These results were significant in apolipoprotein E genotype ε4 (APOE ε4) allele non-carriers but not in carriers. DISCUSSION Higher LS7 scores are protective for dementia, especially among the APOE ε4 noncarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- The Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Adam M Brickman
- The Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, USA.,The Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, USA.,The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Jennifer J Manly
- The Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, USA.,The Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, USA.,The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Christiane Reitz
- The Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, USA.,The Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, USA.,The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, USA.,The Department of Epidemiology, Joseph P. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Nicole Schupf
- The Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, USA.,The Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, USA.,The Department of Epidemiology, Joseph P. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Richard P Mayeux
- The Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, USA.,The Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, USA.,The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, USA.,The Department of Epidemiology, Joseph P. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Yian Gu
- The Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, USA.,The Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, USA.,The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, USA.,The Department of Epidemiology, Joseph P. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA
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11
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Bressan P, Kramer P. Mental Health, Mitochondria, and the Battle of the Sexes. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020116. [PMID: 33530498 PMCID: PMC7911591 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper presents a broad perspective on how mental disease relates to the different evolutionary strategies of men and women and to growth, metabolism, and mitochondria—the enslaved bacteria in our cells that enable it all. Several mental disorders strike one sex more than the other; yet what truly matters, regardless of one’s sex, is how much one’s brain is “female” and how much it is “male”. This appears to be the result of an arms race between the parents over how many resources their child ought to extract from the mother, hence whether it should grow a lot or stay small and undemanding. An uneven battle alters the child’s risk of developing not only insulin resistance, diabetes, or cancer, but a mental disease as well. Maternal supremacy increases the odds of a psychosis-spectrum disorder; paternal supremacy, those of an autism-spectrum one. And a particularly lopsided struggle may invite one or the other of a series of syndromes that come in pairs, with diametrically opposite, excessively “male” or “female” characteristics. By providing the means for this tug of war, mitochondria take center stage in steadying or upsetting the precarious balance on which our mental health is built.
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12
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Maria Teixeira M, Passos V, Barreto S, Inês Schmidt M, Duncan B, Beleigoli A, de Jesus Fonseca M, Vidigal P, Figueiredo R, Colosimo E, Araújo L, de Fátima Haueisen S Diniz M. Markers of adiposity, insulin resistance, prediabetes and cognitive function at baseline of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA - Brasil). Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2020; 170:108499. [PMID: 33068661 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the study is to investigate whether adiposity markers, insulin resistance and prediabetes are associated with cognitive performance in middle-aged men and women without diabetes. METHODS Cross-sectional study with 11,115 adults without diabetes (34-64 years old). Cognitive performance was tested by word-list learning, word-list delayed recall, word recognition tests, semantic and phonemic verbal fluency tests and trail making test B. Linear regression models and generalized linear regression with logarithmic links between the cognitive tests and anthropometric indicators (body mass index [BMI]), insulin resistance (Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance [HOMA-IR]), and prediabetes (impaired glucose tolerance) were stratified by sex. The results were adjusted for age, education, comorbidities, health-related behaviors, waist circumference, and lipids. RESULTS Among women, higher BMI was associated with poorer performance on phonemic verbal fluency test (β-0.02 [-0.04; -0.01]) and memory tests (β-0.05 [-0.07; -0.02]). Higher HOMA-IR was associated with poorer cognitive performance in memory (β-0.11 [-0.19; -0.01]) and phonemic verbal fluency tests (β-0.12 [-0.20; -0.04]). In men, HOMA-IR (β-0.15 [-0.25; -0.04]) and prediabetes (β-0.35 [-0.69; -0.03]) were associated with poorer performance on memory tests. CONCLUSIONS We found a significant association of BMI and HOMA-IR with cognitive performance in young and middle-aged adult women without diabetes. In men, we found an association between HOMA-IR and prediabetes and poorer performance on memory tests.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valéria Passos
- Faculty of Medicine Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sandhi Barreto
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maria Inês Schmidt
- Postgraduate Studies Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bruce Duncan
- Postgraduate Studies Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alline Beleigoli
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Pedro Vidigal
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Roberta Figueiredo
- Campus Centro Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal São João del Rey, Divinópolis, Brazil
| | - Enrico Colosimo
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Larissa Araújo
- Public Health School Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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13
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Toppala S, Ekblad LL, Lötjönen J, Helin S, Hurme S, Johansson J, Jula A, Karrasch M, Koikkalainen J, Laine H, Parkkola R, Viitanen M, Rinne JO. Midlife Insulin Resistance as a Predictor for Late-Life Cognitive Function and Cerebrovascular Lesions. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 72:215-228. [PMID: 31561373 PMCID: PMC6839606 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) increases the risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) but not for AD neuropathology. The association between T2DM and AD is assumed to be mediated through vascular mechanisms. However, insulin resistance (IR), the hallmark of T2DM, has been shown to associate with AD neuropathology and cognitive decline. Objective: To evaluate if midlife IR predicts late-life cognitive performance and cerebrovascular lesions (white matter hyperintensities and total vascular burden), and whether cerebrovascular lesions and brain amyloid load are associated with cognitive functioning. Methods: This exposure-to-control follow-up study examined 60 volunteers without dementia (mean age 70.9 years) with neurocognitive testing, brain 3T-MRI and amyloid-PET imaging. The volunteers were recruited from the Finnish Health 2000 survey (n = 6062) to attend follow-up examinations in 2014–2016 according to their insulin sensitivity in 2000 and their APOE genotype. The exposure group (n = 30) had IR in 2000 and the 30 controls had normal insulin sensitivity. There were 15 APOEɛ4 carriers per group. Statistical analyses were performed with multivariable linear models. Results: At follow-up the IR+group performed worse on executive functions (p = 0.02) and processing speed (p = 0.007) than the IR- group. The groups did not differ in cerebrovascular lesions. No associations were found between cerebrovascular lesions and neurocognitive test scores. Brain amyloid deposition associated with slower processing speed. Conclusion: Midlife IR predicted poorer executive functions and slower processing speed, but not cerebrovascular lesions. Brain amyloid deposition was associated with slower processing speed. The association between midlife IR and late-life cognition might not be mediated through cerebrovascular lesions measured here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sini Toppala
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Finland.,Turku City Hospital, University of Turku, Finland
| | | | | | - Semi Helin
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Saija Hurme
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Jarkko Johansson
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Finland.,Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Antti Jula
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland
| | - Mira Karrasch
- Department of Psychology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Hanna Laine
- Turku City Hospital, University of Turku, Finland.,Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Riitta Parkkola
- Department of Radiology, Turku University and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Matti Viitanen
- Turku City Hospital, University of Turku, Finland.,Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Juha O Rinne
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Finland.,Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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14
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Zhang Y, Li Y, Wang R, Sha G, Jin H, Ma L. Elevated Urinary AD7c-NTP Levels in Older Adults with Hypertension and Cognitive Impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 74:237-244. [PMID: 32007954 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Central Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of Ministry of Education, Center of Alzheimer’s Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Guiming Sha
- Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - He Jin
- Central Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of Ministry of Education, Center of Alzheimer’s Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Ma
- Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
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15
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Akel H, Ismail R, Csóka I. Progress and perspectives of brain-targeting lipid-based nanosystems via the nasal route in Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 148:38-53. [PMID: 31926222 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Since health care systems dedicate substantial resources to Alzheimer's disease (AD), it poses an increasing challenge to scientists and health care providers worldwide, especially that many decades of research in the medical field revealed no optimal effective treatment for this disease. The intranasal administration route seems to be a preferable route of anti-AD drug delivery over the oral one as it demonstrates an ability to overcome the related obstacles reflected in low bioavailability, limited brain exposure and undesired pharmacokinetics or side effects. This delivery route can bypass the systemic circulation through the intraneuronal and extraneuronal pathways, providing truly needleless and direct brain drug delivery of the therapeutics due to its large surface area, porous endothelial membrane, the avoidance of the first-pass metabolism, and ready accessibility. Among the different nano-carrier systems developed, lipid-based nanosystems have become increasingly popular and have proven to be effective in managing the common symptoms of AD when administered via the nose-to-brain delivery route, which provides an answer to circumventing the BBB. The design of such lipid-based nanocarriers could be challenging since many factors can contribute to the quality of the final product. Hence, according to the authors, it is recommended to follow the quality by design methodology from the early stage of development to ensure high product quality while saving efforts and costs. This review article aims to draw attention to the up-to-date findings in the field of lipid-based nanosystems and the potential role of developing such forms in the management of AD by means of the nose-to-brain delivery route, in addition to highlighting the significant role of applying QbD methodology in this development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Akel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös utca 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ruba Ismail
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös utca 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Interdisciplinary Centre of Excellence, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Csóka
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös utca 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Interdisciplinary Centre of Excellence, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
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16
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Frangou S, Shirali M, Adams MJ, Howard DM, Gibson J, Hall LS, Smith BH, Padmanabhan S, Murray AD, Porteous DJ, Haley CS, Deary IJ, Clarke TK, McIntosh AM. Insulin resistance: Genetic associations with depression and cognition in population based cohorts. Exp Neurol 2019; 316:20-26. [PMID: 30965038 PMCID: PMC6503941 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance, broadly defined as the reduced ability of insulin to exert its biological action, has been associated with depression and cognitive dysfunction in observational studies. However, it is unclear whether these associations are causal and whether they might be underpinned by other shared factors. To address this knowledge gap, we capitalized on the stability of genetic biomarkers through the lifetime, and on their unidirectional relationship with depression and cognition. Specifically, we determined the association between quantitative measures of cognitive function and depression and genetic instruments of insulin resistance traits in two large-scale population samples, the Generation Scotland: Scottish Family Health Study (GS: SFHS; N = 19,994) and in the UK Biobank (N = 331,374). In the GS:SFHS, the polygenic risk score (PRS) for fasting insulin was associated with verbal intelligence and depression while the PRS for the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance was associated with verbal intelligence. Despite this overlap in genetic architecture, Mendelian randomization analyses in the GS:SFHS and in the UK Biobank samples did not yield evidence for causal associations from insulin resistance traits to either depression or cognition. These findings may be due to weak genetic instruments, limited cognitive measures and insufficient power but they may also indicate the need to identify other biological mechanisms that may mediate the relationship from insulin resistance to depression and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Frangou
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Masoud Shirali
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark J Adams
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David M Howard
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jude Gibson
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lynsey S Hall
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Blair H Smith
- Division of Population Health Sciences, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Sandosh Padmanabhan
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alison D Murray
- Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - David J Porteous
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Generation Scotland, Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Chris S Haley
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ian J Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Toni-Kim Clarke
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew M McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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17
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Toro CA, Zhang L, Cao J, Cai D. Sex differences in Alzheimer's disease: Understanding the molecular impact. Brain Res 2019; 1719:194-207. [PMID: 31129153 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder that presents with cognitive impairment and behavioral disturbance. Approximately 5.5 million people in the United States live with AD, most of whom are over the age of 65 with two-thirds being woman. There have been major advancements over the last decade or so in the understanding of AD neuropathological changes and genetic involvement. However, studies of sex impact in AD have not been adequately integrated into the investigation of disease development and progression. It becomes indispensable to acknowledge in both basic science and clinical research studies the importance of understanding sex-specific differences in AD pathophysiology and pathogenesis, which could guide future effort in the discovery of novel targets for AD. Here, we review the latest and most relevant literature on this topic, highlighting the importance of understanding sex dimorphism from a molecular perspective and its association to clinical trial design and development in AD research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Toro
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10468, United States; Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States.
| | - Larry Zhang
- Research and Development, James J Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10468, United States; Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Jiqing Cao
- Research and Development, James J Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10468, United States; Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States.
| | - Dongming Cai
- Research and Development, James J Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10468, United States; Neurology Section, James J Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10468, United States; Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States.
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18
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Qiu Q, Lin X, Sun L, Zhu MJ, Wang T, Wang JH, Li GJ, Xiao SF, Li X. Cognitive decline is related to high blood glucose levels in older Chinese adults with the ApoE ε3/ε3 genotype. Transl Neurodegener 2019; 8:12. [PMID: 30984391 PMCID: PMC6446313 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-019-0151-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Few studies have investigated the effects of blood glucose (BG) on cognitive function in community-dwelling elderly individuals carrying the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε3 allele. Objective To explore the effect of high BG levels on cognitive function in APOE ε3-carrying, non-demented, community-dwelling older adults, as compared to their counterparts carrying the APOE ε4 or APOE ε2 alleles. Methods Within the China Longitudinal Ageing Study, we recruited 282 elderly adults without dementia. Data collected included demographic information; psychological measures; laboratory test results, including BG and plasma lipid levels; and APOE genotypes. We divided the participants into APOE ε2(ε2/ε2, ε2/ε3), ε3(ε3/ε3), and ε4(ε3/ε4, ε4/ε4) groups. Partial correlation analyses and multivariate linear regression analyses were utilized to compare the cognitive function and laboratory data between the APOE groups. White matter hyperintensity (WMH) was measured on magnetic resonance images in 77 participants. Results With adjustment for age, sex, education, and diabetes, higher BG in non-demented community-dwelling older adults was associated with cognitive decline in immediate memory and executive function. In the APOE ε3 group, elevated BG was associated with cognitive decline in immediate memory, executive function, and perceptual reasoning. In the APOE ε4 group, higher BG was also correlated with a decline in abstract reasoning. There was a trend for association between higher BG and more severe WMHs. Conclusion Worse cognitive function was correlated withApoEε3/ε3 genotype carriers with higher BG in community-dwelling older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Qiu
- Department of Psychogeriatrics, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, South WanPing Road 600, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Xiang Lin
- Department of Psychogeriatrics, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, South WanPing Road 600, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Psychogeriatrics, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, South WanPing Road 600, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Min-Jie Zhu
- Department of Psychogeriatrics, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, South WanPing Road 600, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Psychogeriatrics, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, South WanPing Road 600, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Jing-Hua Wang
- Department of Psychogeriatrics, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, South WanPing Road 600, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Guan-Jun Li
- Department of Psychogeriatrics, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, South WanPing Road 600, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Shi-Fu Xiao
- Department of Psychogeriatrics, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, South WanPing Road 600, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Psychogeriatrics, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, South WanPing Road 600, Shanghai, 200030 China
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Ekblad LL, Toppala S, Johansson JK, Koskinen S, Sundvall J, Rinne JO, Puukka P, Viitanen M, Jula A. Albuminuria and Microalbuminuria as Predictors of Cognitive Performance in a General Population: An 11-Year Follow-Up Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 62:635-648. [PMID: 29480195 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Microalbuminuria, defined as urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR)>3.0 mg/mmol and ≤ 30 mg/mmol, is an early marker of endothelial damage of the renal glomeruli. Recent research suggests an association among microalbuminuria, albuminuria (UACR > 3.0 mg/mmol), and cognitive impairment. Previous studies on microalbuminuria, albuminuria, and cognition in the middle-aged have not provided repeated cognitive testing at different time-points. We hypothesized that albuminuria (micro- plus macroalbuminuria) and microalbuminuria would predict cognitive decline independently of previously reported risk factors for cognitive decline, including cardiovascular risk factors. In addition, we hypothesized that UACR levels even below the cut-off for microalbuminuria might be associated with cognitive functioning. These hypotheses were tested in the Finnish nationwide, population-based Health 2000 Survey (n = 5,921, mean age 52.6, 55.0% women), and its follow-up, Health 2011 (n = 3,687, mean age at baseline 49.3, 55.6% women). Linear regression analysis was used to determine the associations between measures of albuminuria and cognitive performance. Cognitive functions were assessed with verbal fluency, word-list learning, word-list delayed recall (at baseline and at follow-up), and with simple and visual choice reaction time tests (at baseline only). Here, we show that micro- plus macroalbuminuria associated with poorer word-list learning and a slower reaction time at baseline, with poorer word-list learning at follow-up, and with a steeper decline in word-list learning during 11 years after multivariate adjustments. Also, higher continuous UACR consistently associated with poorer verbal fluency at levels below microalbuminuria. These results suggest that UACR might have value in evaluating the risk for cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Ekblad
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, c/o Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Sini Toppala
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, c/o Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Turku City Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jouni K Johansson
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland.,Welfare Division of Turku City, Turku, Finland
| | - Seppo Koskinen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jouko Sundvall
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha O Rinne
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, c/o Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Pauli Puukka
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland
| | - Matti Viitanen
- Turku City Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Antti Jula
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland
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20
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「高齢者肥満症診療ガイドライン2018」. Nihon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi 2018. [PMID: 30464154 DOI: 10.3143/geriatrics.55.g1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
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21
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Geijselaers SLC, Aalten P, Ramakers IHGB, De Deyn PP, Heijboer AC, Koek HL, OldeRikkert MGM, Papma JM, Reesink FE, Smits LL, Stehouwer CDA, Teunissen CE, Verhey FRJ, van der Flier WM, Biessels GJ. Association of Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Insulin with Cognitive Performance and CSF Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 61:309-320. [PMID: 29154275 PMCID: PMC5734123 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background: Abnormal insulin signaling in the brain has been linked to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Objective: To evaluate whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) insulin levels are associated with cognitive performance and CSF amyloid-β and Tau. Additionally, we explore whether any such association differs by sex or APOE ɛ4 genotype. Methods: From 258 individuals participating in the Parelsnoer Institute Neurodegenerative Diseases, a nationwide multicenter memory clinic population, we selected 138 individuals (mean age 66±9 years, 65.2% male) diagnosed with subjective cognitive impairment (n = 45), amnestic mild cognitive impairment (n = 44), or AD (n = 49), who completed a neuropsychological assessment, including tests of global cognition and memory performance, and who underwent lumbar puncture. We measured CSF levels of insulin, amyloid-β1-42, total (t-)Tau, and phosphorylated (p-)Tau. Results: CSF insulin levels did not differ between the diagnostic groups (p = 0.136). Across the whole study population, CSF insulin was unrelated to cognitive performance and CSF biomarkers of AD, after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, diabetes status, and clinic site (all p≥0.131). Importantly, however, we observed effect modification by sex and APOE ɛ4 genotype. Specifically, among women, higher insulin levels in the CSF were associated with worse global cognition (standardized regression coefficient –0.483; p = 0.008) and higher p-Tau levels (0.353; p = 0.040). Among non-carriers of the APOE ɛ4 allele, higher CSF insulin was associated with higher t-Tau (0.287; p = 0.008) and p-Tau (0.246; p = 0.029). Conclusion: Our findings provide further evidence for a relationship between brain insulin signaling and AD pathology. It also highlights the need to consider sex and APOE ɛ4 genotype when assessing the role of insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan L C Geijselaers
- Departments of Neurology and Geriatrics Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University Medical Centre +, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Pauline Aalten
- Alzheimer Centre Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University Medical Centre +, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Inez H G B Ramakers
- Alzheimer Centre Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University Medical Centre +, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Paul De Deyn
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Centre, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Annemieke C Heijboer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Huiberdina L Koek
- Departments of Neurology and Geriatrics Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel G M OldeRikkert
- Radboudumc Alzheimer Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Janne M Papma
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Fransje E Reesink
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Centre, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lieke L Smits
- Alzheimer Centre Amsterdam, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Coen D A Stehouwer
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University Medical Centre +, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neurochemistry Laboratory and Biobank, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frans R J Verhey
- Alzheimer Centre Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University Medical Centre +, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Geert Jan Biessels
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University Medical Centre +, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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22
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Geary DC. Evolutionary perspective on sex differences in the expression of neurological diseases. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 176:33-53. [PMID: 29890214 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sex-specific brain and cognitive deficits emerge with malnutrition, some infectious and neurodegenerative diseases, and often with prenatal or postnatal toxin exposure. These deficits are described in disparate literatures and are generally not linked to one another. Sexual selection may provide a unifying framework that integrates our understanding of these deficits and provides direction for future studies of sex-specific vulnerabilities. Sexually selected traits are those that have evolved to facilitate competition for reproductive resources or that influence mate choices, and are often larger and more complex than other traits. Critically, malnutrition, disease, chronic social stress, and exposure to man-made toxins compromise the development and expression of sexually selected traits more strongly than that of other traits. The fundamental mechanism underlying vulnerability might be the efficiency of mitochondrial energy capture and control of oxidative stress that in turn links these traits to current advances in neuroenergetics, stress endocrinology, and toxicology. The key idea is that the elaboration of these cognitive abilities, with more underlying gray matter or more extensive inter-modular white matter connections, makes them particularly sensitive to disruptions in mitochondrial functioning and oxidative stress. A framework of human sexually selected cognitive abilities and underlying brain systems is proposed and used to organize what is currently known about sex-specific vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Geary
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, University of Missouri, MO, 65211-2500, Columbia, United States.
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23
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Lutski M, Weinstein G, Goldbourt U, Tanne D. Insulin Resistance and Future Cognitive Performance and Cognitive Decline in Elderly Patients with Cardiovascular Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 57:633-643. [PMID: 28304291 DOI: 10.3233/jad-161016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of insulin resistance (IR) in the pathogenesis of cognitive performance is not yet clear. OBJECTIVE To examine the associations between IR and cognitive performance and change in cognitive functions two decades later in individuals with cardiovascular disease with and without diabetes. METHODS A subset of 489 surviving patients (mean age at baseline 57.7±6.5 y) with coronary heart disease who previously participated in the secondary prevention Bezafibrate Infarction Prevention (BIP trial; 1990-1997), were included in the current neurocognitive study. Biochemical parameters including IR (using the homeostasis model of assessment; HOMA-IR) were measured at baseline. During 2004-2008, computerized cognitive assessment and atherosclerosis parameters were measured (T1; n = 558; mean age 72.6±6.4 years). A second cognitive assessment was performed during 2011-2013 (T2; n = 351; mean age 77.2±6.4 years). Cognitive function, overall and in specific domains, was assessed. We used linear regression models and linear mixed models to evaluate the differences in cognitive performance and decline, respectively. RESULTS Controlling for potential confounders, IR (top HOMA-IR quartile versus others) was associated with subsequent poorer cognitive performance overall (β= -4.45±Standard Error (SE) 1.54; p = 0.004) and on tests of memory and executive function among non-diabetic patients (β= -7.16±2.38; p = 0.003 and β= -3.33±1.84; p = 0.073, respectively). Moreover, among non-diabetic patients, IR was related to a greater decline overall (β= -0.17±0.06; p = 0.008), and in memory (β= -0.22±0.10; p = 0.024) and executive function (β= -0.19±0.08; p = 0.012). The observed associations did not differ after excluding subjects with prevalent stroke or dementia. CONCLUSION IR is related to subsequent poorer cognitive performance and greater cognitive decline among patients with cardiovascular disease with and without diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miri Lutski
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Israel Center for Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Israel
| | - Galit Weinstein
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Israel
| | - Uri Goldbourt
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - David Tanne
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,The Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
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24
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Kong SH, Park YJ, Lee JY, Cho NH, Moon MK. Insulin Resistance is Associated with Cognitive Decline Among Older Koreans with Normal Baseline Cognitive Function: A Prospective Community-Based Cohort Study. Sci Rep 2018; 8:650. [PMID: 29330465 PMCID: PMC5766537 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18998-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated whether metabolic factors were associated with cognitive decline, compared to baseline cognitive function, among geriatric population. The present study evaluated data from an ongoing prospective community-based Korean cohort study. Among 1,387 participants who were >65 years old, 422 participants were evaluated using the Korean mini-mental status examination (K-MMSE) at the baseline and follow-up examinations. The mean age at the baseline was 69.3 ± 2.9 years, and 222 participants (52.6%) were men. The mean duration of education was 7.1 ± 3.6 years. During a mean follow-up of 5.9 ± 0.1 years, the K-MMSE score significantly decreased (−1.1 ± 2.7 scores), although no significant change was observed in the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) value. Participants with more decreased percent changes in K-MMSE scores had a shorter duration of education (p = 0.001), older age (p = 0.022), higher baseline K-MMSE score (p < 0.001), and increased insulin resistance (∆HOMA-IR, p = 0.002). The correlation between the percent changes in K-MMSE and ∆HOMA-IR values remained significant after multivariable adjustment (B = −0.201, p = 0.002). During a 6-year follow-up of older Koreans with normal baseline cognitive function, increased insulin resistance was significantly correlated with decreased cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hye Kong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Young Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam H Cho
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min Kyong Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Kemppainen N, Johansson J, Teuho J, Parkkola R, Joutsa J, Ngandu T, Solomon A, Stephen R, Liu Y, Hänninen T, Paajanen T, Laatikainen T, Soininen H, Jula A, Rokka J, Rissanen E, Vahlberg T, Peltoniemi J, Kivipelto M, Rinne JO. Brain amyloid load and its associations with cognition and vascular risk factors in FINGER Study. Neurology 2017; 90:e206-e213. [PMID: 29263220 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000004827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate brain amyloid pathology in a dementia-risk population defined as cardiovascular risk factors, aging, and dementia risk (CAIDE) score of at least 6 but with normal cognition and to examine associations between brain amyloid load and cognitive performance and vascular risk factors. METHODS A subgroup of 48 individuals from the Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER) main study participated in brain 11C-Pittsburgh compound B (PiB)-PET imaging, brain MRI, and neuropsychological assessment at the beginning of the study. Lifestyle/vascular risk factors were determined as body mass index, blood pressure, total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and glucose homeostasis model assessment. White matter lesions were visually rated from MRIs by a semiquantitative Fazekas score. RESULTS Twenty participants (42%) had a positive PiB-PET on visual analysis. The PiB-positive group performed worse in executive functioning tests, included more participants with APOE ε4 allele (50%), and showed slightly better glucose homeostasis compared to PiB-negative participants. PiB-positive and -negative participants did not differ significantly in other cognitive domain scores or other vascular risk factors. There was no significant difference in Fazekas score between the PiB groups. CONCLUSIONS The high percentage of PiB-positive participants provides evidence of a successful recruitment process of the at-risk population in the main FINGER intervention trial. The results suggest a possible association between early brain amyloid accumulation and decline in executive functions. APOE ε4 was clearly associated with amyloid positivity, but no other risk factor was found to be associated with positive PiB-PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Kemppainen
- From the Turku PET Centre (N.K., J. Johansson, J.T., J. Joutsa, J.R., E.R., J.P., J.O.R.), University of Turku; Division of Clinical Neurosciences (N.K., J. Joutsa, E.R., J.O.R.), Turku University Hospital; Department of Radiology (R.P.), Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Finland; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J. Joutsa), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown; Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation (J. Joutsa), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (T.N., T.L., M.K.), Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Division of Clinical Geriatrics (T.N., A.S., M.K.), Center for Alzheimer Research, NVS, and Aging Research Center (A.S., M.K.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.S., R.S., Y.L., H.S., M.K.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (T.L.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Department of Neurology (T.H., H.S.), Kuopio University Hospital; Research and Service Centre for Occupational Health (T.P.), Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki; Joint Municipal Authority for North Karelia Social and Health Services (T.L.), Joensuu; National Institute for Health and Welfare (A.J.); and Department of Biostatistics (T.V.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
| | - Jarkko Johansson
- From the Turku PET Centre (N.K., J. Johansson, J.T., J. Joutsa, J.R., E.R., J.P., J.O.R.), University of Turku; Division of Clinical Neurosciences (N.K., J. Joutsa, E.R., J.O.R.), Turku University Hospital; Department of Radiology (R.P.), Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Finland; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J. Joutsa), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown; Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation (J. Joutsa), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (T.N., T.L., M.K.), Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Division of Clinical Geriatrics (T.N., A.S., M.K.), Center for Alzheimer Research, NVS, and Aging Research Center (A.S., M.K.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.S., R.S., Y.L., H.S., M.K.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (T.L.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Department of Neurology (T.H., H.S.), Kuopio University Hospital; Research and Service Centre for Occupational Health (T.P.), Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki; Joint Municipal Authority for North Karelia Social and Health Services (T.L.), Joensuu; National Institute for Health and Welfare (A.J.); and Department of Biostatistics (T.V.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jarmo Teuho
- From the Turku PET Centre (N.K., J. Johansson, J.T., J. Joutsa, J.R., E.R., J.P., J.O.R.), University of Turku; Division of Clinical Neurosciences (N.K., J. Joutsa, E.R., J.O.R.), Turku University Hospital; Department of Radiology (R.P.), Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Finland; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J. Joutsa), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown; Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation (J. Joutsa), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (T.N., T.L., M.K.), Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Division of Clinical Geriatrics (T.N., A.S., M.K.), Center for Alzheimer Research, NVS, and Aging Research Center (A.S., M.K.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.S., R.S., Y.L., H.S., M.K.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (T.L.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Department of Neurology (T.H., H.S.), Kuopio University Hospital; Research and Service Centre for Occupational Health (T.P.), Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki; Joint Municipal Authority for North Karelia Social and Health Services (T.L.), Joensuu; National Institute for Health and Welfare (A.J.); and Department of Biostatistics (T.V.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Riitta Parkkola
- From the Turku PET Centre (N.K., J. Johansson, J.T., J. Joutsa, J.R., E.R., J.P., J.O.R.), University of Turku; Division of Clinical Neurosciences (N.K., J. Joutsa, E.R., J.O.R.), Turku University Hospital; Department of Radiology (R.P.), Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Finland; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J. Joutsa), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown; Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation (J. Joutsa), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (T.N., T.L., M.K.), Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Division of Clinical Geriatrics (T.N., A.S., M.K.), Center for Alzheimer Research, NVS, and Aging Research Center (A.S., M.K.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.S., R.S., Y.L., H.S., M.K.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (T.L.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Department of Neurology (T.H., H.S.), Kuopio University Hospital; Research and Service Centre for Occupational Health (T.P.), Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki; Joint Municipal Authority for North Karelia Social and Health Services (T.L.), Joensuu; National Institute for Health and Welfare (A.J.); and Department of Biostatistics (T.V.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Juho Joutsa
- From the Turku PET Centre (N.K., J. Johansson, J.T., J. Joutsa, J.R., E.R., J.P., J.O.R.), University of Turku; Division of Clinical Neurosciences (N.K., J. Joutsa, E.R., J.O.R.), Turku University Hospital; Department of Radiology (R.P.), Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Finland; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J. Joutsa), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown; Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation (J. Joutsa), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (T.N., T.L., M.K.), Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Division of Clinical Geriatrics (T.N., A.S., M.K.), Center for Alzheimer Research, NVS, and Aging Research Center (A.S., M.K.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.S., R.S., Y.L., H.S., M.K.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (T.L.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Department of Neurology (T.H., H.S.), Kuopio University Hospital; Research and Service Centre for Occupational Health (T.P.), Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki; Joint Municipal Authority for North Karelia Social and Health Services (T.L.), Joensuu; National Institute for Health and Welfare (A.J.); and Department of Biostatistics (T.V.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tiia Ngandu
- From the Turku PET Centre (N.K., J. Johansson, J.T., J. Joutsa, J.R., E.R., J.P., J.O.R.), University of Turku; Division of Clinical Neurosciences (N.K., J. Joutsa, E.R., J.O.R.), Turku University Hospital; Department of Radiology (R.P.), Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Finland; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J. Joutsa), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown; Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation (J. Joutsa), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (T.N., T.L., M.K.), Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Division of Clinical Geriatrics (T.N., A.S., M.K.), Center for Alzheimer Research, NVS, and Aging Research Center (A.S., M.K.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.S., R.S., Y.L., H.S., M.K.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (T.L.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Department of Neurology (T.H., H.S.), Kuopio University Hospital; Research and Service Centre for Occupational Health (T.P.), Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki; Joint Municipal Authority for North Karelia Social and Health Services (T.L.), Joensuu; National Institute for Health and Welfare (A.J.); and Department of Biostatistics (T.V.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Alina Solomon
- From the Turku PET Centre (N.K., J. Johansson, J.T., J. Joutsa, J.R., E.R., J.P., J.O.R.), University of Turku; Division of Clinical Neurosciences (N.K., J. Joutsa, E.R., J.O.R.), Turku University Hospital; Department of Radiology (R.P.), Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Finland; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J. Joutsa), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown; Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation (J. Joutsa), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (T.N., T.L., M.K.), Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Division of Clinical Geriatrics (T.N., A.S., M.K.), Center for Alzheimer Research, NVS, and Aging Research Center (A.S., M.K.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.S., R.S., Y.L., H.S., M.K.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (T.L.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Department of Neurology (T.H., H.S.), Kuopio University Hospital; Research and Service Centre for Occupational Health (T.P.), Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki; Joint Municipal Authority for North Karelia Social and Health Services (T.L.), Joensuu; National Institute for Health and Welfare (A.J.); and Department of Biostatistics (T.V.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Ruth Stephen
- From the Turku PET Centre (N.K., J. Johansson, J.T., J. Joutsa, J.R., E.R., J.P., J.O.R.), University of Turku; Division of Clinical Neurosciences (N.K., J. Joutsa, E.R., J.O.R.), Turku University Hospital; Department of Radiology (R.P.), Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Finland; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J. Joutsa), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown; Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation (J. Joutsa), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (T.N., T.L., M.K.), Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Division of Clinical Geriatrics (T.N., A.S., M.K.), Center for Alzheimer Research, NVS, and Aging Research Center (A.S., M.K.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.S., R.S., Y.L., H.S., M.K.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (T.L.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Department of Neurology (T.H., H.S.), Kuopio University Hospital; Research and Service Centre for Occupational Health (T.P.), Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki; Joint Municipal Authority for North Karelia Social and Health Services (T.L.), Joensuu; National Institute for Health and Welfare (A.J.); and Department of Biostatistics (T.V.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Yawu Liu
- From the Turku PET Centre (N.K., J. Johansson, J.T., J. Joutsa, J.R., E.R., J.P., J.O.R.), University of Turku; Division of Clinical Neurosciences (N.K., J. Joutsa, E.R., J.O.R.), Turku University Hospital; Department of Radiology (R.P.), Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Finland; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J. Joutsa), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown; Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation (J. Joutsa), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (T.N., T.L., M.K.), Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Division of Clinical Geriatrics (T.N., A.S., M.K.), Center for Alzheimer Research, NVS, and Aging Research Center (A.S., M.K.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.S., R.S., Y.L., H.S., M.K.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (T.L.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Department of Neurology (T.H., H.S.), Kuopio University Hospital; Research and Service Centre for Occupational Health (T.P.), Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki; Joint Municipal Authority for North Karelia Social and Health Services (T.L.), Joensuu; National Institute for Health and Welfare (A.J.); and Department of Biostatistics (T.V.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tuomo Hänninen
- From the Turku PET Centre (N.K., J. Johansson, J.T., J. Joutsa, J.R., E.R., J.P., J.O.R.), University of Turku; Division of Clinical Neurosciences (N.K., J. Joutsa, E.R., J.O.R.), Turku University Hospital; Department of Radiology (R.P.), Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Finland; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J. Joutsa), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown; Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation (J. Joutsa), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (T.N., T.L., M.K.), Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Division of Clinical Geriatrics (T.N., A.S., M.K.), Center for Alzheimer Research, NVS, and Aging Research Center (A.S., M.K.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.S., R.S., Y.L., H.S., M.K.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (T.L.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Department of Neurology (T.H., H.S.), Kuopio University Hospital; Research and Service Centre for Occupational Health (T.P.), Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki; Joint Municipal Authority for North Karelia Social and Health Services (T.L.), Joensuu; National Institute for Health and Welfare (A.J.); and Department of Biostatistics (T.V.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Teemu Paajanen
- From the Turku PET Centre (N.K., J. Johansson, J.T., J. Joutsa, J.R., E.R., J.P., J.O.R.), University of Turku; Division of Clinical Neurosciences (N.K., J. Joutsa, E.R., J.O.R.), Turku University Hospital; Department of Radiology (R.P.), Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Finland; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J. Joutsa), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown; Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation (J. Joutsa), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (T.N., T.L., M.K.), Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Division of Clinical Geriatrics (T.N., A.S., M.K.), Center for Alzheimer Research, NVS, and Aging Research Center (A.S., M.K.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.S., R.S., Y.L., H.S., M.K.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (T.L.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Department of Neurology (T.H., H.S.), Kuopio University Hospital; Research and Service Centre for Occupational Health (T.P.), Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki; Joint Municipal Authority for North Karelia Social and Health Services (T.L.), Joensuu; National Institute for Health and Welfare (A.J.); and Department of Biostatistics (T.V.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tiina Laatikainen
- From the Turku PET Centre (N.K., J. Johansson, J.T., J. Joutsa, J.R., E.R., J.P., J.O.R.), University of Turku; Division of Clinical Neurosciences (N.K., J. Joutsa, E.R., J.O.R.), Turku University Hospital; Department of Radiology (R.P.), Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Finland; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J. Joutsa), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown; Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation (J. Joutsa), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (T.N., T.L., M.K.), Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Division of Clinical Geriatrics (T.N., A.S., M.K.), Center for Alzheimer Research, NVS, and Aging Research Center (A.S., M.K.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.S., R.S., Y.L., H.S., M.K.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (T.L.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Department of Neurology (T.H., H.S.), Kuopio University Hospital; Research and Service Centre for Occupational Health (T.P.), Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki; Joint Municipal Authority for North Karelia Social and Health Services (T.L.), Joensuu; National Institute for Health and Welfare (A.J.); and Department of Biostatistics (T.V.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- From the Turku PET Centre (N.K., J. Johansson, J.T., J. Joutsa, J.R., E.R., J.P., J.O.R.), University of Turku; Division of Clinical Neurosciences (N.K., J. Joutsa, E.R., J.O.R.), Turku University Hospital; Department of Radiology (R.P.), Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Finland; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J. Joutsa), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown; Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation (J. Joutsa), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (T.N., T.L., M.K.), Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Division of Clinical Geriatrics (T.N., A.S., M.K.), Center for Alzheimer Research, NVS, and Aging Research Center (A.S., M.K.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.S., R.S., Y.L., H.S., M.K.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (T.L.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Department of Neurology (T.H., H.S.), Kuopio University Hospital; Research and Service Centre for Occupational Health (T.P.), Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki; Joint Municipal Authority for North Karelia Social and Health Services (T.L.), Joensuu; National Institute for Health and Welfare (A.J.); and Department of Biostatistics (T.V.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Antti Jula
- From the Turku PET Centre (N.K., J. Johansson, J.T., J. Joutsa, J.R., E.R., J.P., J.O.R.), University of Turku; Division of Clinical Neurosciences (N.K., J. Joutsa, E.R., J.O.R.), Turku University Hospital; Department of Radiology (R.P.), Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Finland; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J. Joutsa), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown; Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation (J. Joutsa), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (T.N., T.L., M.K.), Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Division of Clinical Geriatrics (T.N., A.S., M.K.), Center for Alzheimer Research, NVS, and Aging Research Center (A.S., M.K.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.S., R.S., Y.L., H.S., M.K.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (T.L.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Department of Neurology (T.H., H.S.), Kuopio University Hospital; Research and Service Centre for Occupational Health (T.P.), Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki; Joint Municipal Authority for North Karelia Social and Health Services (T.L.), Joensuu; National Institute for Health and Welfare (A.J.); and Department of Biostatistics (T.V.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Johanna Rokka
- From the Turku PET Centre (N.K., J. Johansson, J.T., J. Joutsa, J.R., E.R., J.P., J.O.R.), University of Turku; Division of Clinical Neurosciences (N.K., J. Joutsa, E.R., J.O.R.), Turku University Hospital; Department of Radiology (R.P.), Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Finland; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J. Joutsa), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown; Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation (J. Joutsa), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (T.N., T.L., M.K.), Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Division of Clinical Geriatrics (T.N., A.S., M.K.), Center for Alzheimer Research, NVS, and Aging Research Center (A.S., M.K.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.S., R.S., Y.L., H.S., M.K.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (T.L.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Department of Neurology (T.H., H.S.), Kuopio University Hospital; Research and Service Centre for Occupational Health (T.P.), Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki; Joint Municipal Authority for North Karelia Social and Health Services (T.L.), Joensuu; National Institute for Health and Welfare (A.J.); and Department of Biostatistics (T.V.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Eero Rissanen
- From the Turku PET Centre (N.K., J. Johansson, J.T., J. Joutsa, J.R., E.R., J.P., J.O.R.), University of Turku; Division of Clinical Neurosciences (N.K., J. Joutsa, E.R., J.O.R.), Turku University Hospital; Department of Radiology (R.P.), Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Finland; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J. Joutsa), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown; Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation (J. Joutsa), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (T.N., T.L., M.K.), Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Division of Clinical Geriatrics (T.N., A.S., M.K.), Center for Alzheimer Research, NVS, and Aging Research Center (A.S., M.K.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.S., R.S., Y.L., H.S., M.K.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (T.L.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Department of Neurology (T.H., H.S.), Kuopio University Hospital; Research and Service Centre for Occupational Health (T.P.), Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki; Joint Municipal Authority for North Karelia Social and Health Services (T.L.), Joensuu; National Institute for Health and Welfare (A.J.); and Department of Biostatistics (T.V.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tero Vahlberg
- From the Turku PET Centre (N.K., J. Johansson, J.T., J. Joutsa, J.R., E.R., J.P., J.O.R.), University of Turku; Division of Clinical Neurosciences (N.K., J. Joutsa, E.R., J.O.R.), Turku University Hospital; Department of Radiology (R.P.), Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Finland; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J. Joutsa), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown; Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation (J. Joutsa), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (T.N., T.L., M.K.), Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Division of Clinical Geriatrics (T.N., A.S., M.K.), Center for Alzheimer Research, NVS, and Aging Research Center (A.S., M.K.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.S., R.S., Y.L., H.S., M.K.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (T.L.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Department of Neurology (T.H., H.S.), Kuopio University Hospital; Research and Service Centre for Occupational Health (T.P.), Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki; Joint Municipal Authority for North Karelia Social and Health Services (T.L.), Joensuu; National Institute for Health and Welfare (A.J.); and Department of Biostatistics (T.V.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Julia Peltoniemi
- From the Turku PET Centre (N.K., J. Johansson, J.T., J. Joutsa, J.R., E.R., J.P., J.O.R.), University of Turku; Division of Clinical Neurosciences (N.K., J. Joutsa, E.R., J.O.R.), Turku University Hospital; Department of Radiology (R.P.), Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Finland; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J. Joutsa), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown; Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation (J. Joutsa), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (T.N., T.L., M.K.), Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Division of Clinical Geriatrics (T.N., A.S., M.K.), Center for Alzheimer Research, NVS, and Aging Research Center (A.S., M.K.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.S., R.S., Y.L., H.S., M.K.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (T.L.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Department of Neurology (T.H., H.S.), Kuopio University Hospital; Research and Service Centre for Occupational Health (T.P.), Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki; Joint Municipal Authority for North Karelia Social and Health Services (T.L.), Joensuu; National Institute for Health and Welfare (A.J.); and Department of Biostatistics (T.V.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Miia Kivipelto
- From the Turku PET Centre (N.K., J. Johansson, J.T., J. Joutsa, J.R., E.R., J.P., J.O.R.), University of Turku; Division of Clinical Neurosciences (N.K., J. Joutsa, E.R., J.O.R.), Turku University Hospital; Department of Radiology (R.P.), Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Finland; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J. Joutsa), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown; Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation (J. Joutsa), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (T.N., T.L., M.K.), Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Division of Clinical Geriatrics (T.N., A.S., M.K.), Center for Alzheimer Research, NVS, and Aging Research Center (A.S., M.K.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.S., R.S., Y.L., H.S., M.K.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (T.L.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Department of Neurology (T.H., H.S.), Kuopio University Hospital; Research and Service Centre for Occupational Health (T.P.), Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki; Joint Municipal Authority for North Karelia Social and Health Services (T.L.), Joensuu; National Institute for Health and Welfare (A.J.); and Department of Biostatistics (T.V.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Juha O Rinne
- From the Turku PET Centre (N.K., J. Johansson, J.T., J. Joutsa, J.R., E.R., J.P., J.O.R.), University of Turku; Division of Clinical Neurosciences (N.K., J. Joutsa, E.R., J.O.R.), Turku University Hospital; Department of Radiology (R.P.), Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Finland; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J. Joutsa), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown; Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation (J. Joutsa), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (T.N., T.L., M.K.), Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Division of Clinical Geriatrics (T.N., A.S., M.K.), Center for Alzheimer Research, NVS, and Aging Research Center (A.S., M.K.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.S., R.S., Y.L., H.S., M.K.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (T.L.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Department of Neurology (T.H., H.S.), Kuopio University Hospital; Research and Service Centre for Occupational Health (T.P.), Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki; Joint Municipal Authority for North Karelia Social and Health Services (T.L.), Joensuu; National Institute for Health and Welfare (A.J.); and Department of Biostatistics (T.V.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Zhao X, Han Q, Lv Y, Sun L, Gang X, Wang G. Biomarkers for cognitive decline in patients with diabetes mellitus: evidence from clinical studies. Oncotarget 2017; 9:7710-7726. [PMID: 29484146 PMCID: PMC5800938 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is considered as an important factor for cognitive decline and dementia in recent years. However, cognitive impairment in diabetic patients is often underestimated and kept undiagnosed, leading to thousands of diabetic patients suffering from worsening memory. Available reviews in this field were limited and not comprehensive enough. Thus, the present review aimed to summarize all available clinical studies on diabetic patients with cognitive decline, and to find valuable biomarkers that might be applied as diagnostic and therapeutic targets of cognitive impairment in diabetes. The biomarkers or risk factors of cognitive decline in diabetic patients could be classified into the following three aspects: serum molecules or relevant complications, functional or metabolic changes by neuroimaging tools, and genetic variants. Specifically, factors related to poor glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, inflammation, comorbid depression, micro-/macrovascular complications, adipokines, neurotrophic molecules and Tau protein presented significant changes in diabetic patients with cognitive decline. Besides, neuroimaging platform could provide more clues on the structural, functional and metabolic changes during the cognitive decline progression of diabetic patients. Genetic factors related to cognitive decline showed inconsistency based on the limited studies. Future studies might apply above biomarkers as diagnostic and treatment targets in a large population, and regulation of these parameters might shed light on a more valuable, sensitive and specific strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of cognitive decline in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Qing Han
- Hospital of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - You Lv
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiaokun Gang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Guixia Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
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Geary DC. Evolution of Human Sex-Specific Cognitive Vulnerabilities. QUARTERLY REVIEW OF BIOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1086/694934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Insulin resistance is associated with reductions in specific cognitive domains and increases in CSF tau in cognitively normal adults. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9766. [PMID: 28852028 PMCID: PMC5575049 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09577-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence supports the hypothesis that type 2 diabetes (T2D) increases the risk of developing dementia. Experimental evidence from mouse models demonstrates that the induction of T2D/insulin resistance (IR) can promote the accumulation of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathological features. However, the association of T2D with pathological and clinical phenotypes in humans is unclear. Here we investigate the relationship of indices of IR (HOMA-IR) and pancreatic β-cell function (HOMA-B) with cognitive performance across several domains (Verbal/Visual Episodic Memory, Executive Function, Language and a measure of Global cognition) and AD biomarkers (CSF Aβ42, T-tau/P-tau, hippocampal volume and neocortical Aβ-amyloid burden). We reveal that HOMA-IR (p < 0.001) incrementally increases across diagnostic groups, becoming significantly elevated in the AD group compared with cognitively normal (CN) adults. In CN adults, higher HOMA-IR was associated with poorer performance on measures of verbal episodic memory (p = 0.010), executive function (p = 0.046) and global cognition (p = 0.007), as well as with higher CSF T-tau (p = 0.008) and P-tau (p = 0.014) levels. No association was observed with CSF Aβ or imaging modalities. Together our data suggest that IR may contribute to reduced cognitive performance and the accumulation of CSF tau biomarkers in cognitively normal adults.
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Neergaard JS, Dragsbæk K, Christiansen C, Nielsen HB, Brix S, Karsdal MA, Henriksen K. Metabolic Syndrome, Insulin Resistance, and Cognitive Dysfunction: Does Your Metabolic Profile Affect Your Brain? Diabetes 2017; 66:1957-1963. [PMID: 28389469 DOI: 10.2337/db16-1444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Dementia and type 2 diabetes are both characterized by long prodromal phases, challenging the study of potential risk factors and their temporal relation. The progressive relation among metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance (IR), and dementia has recently been questioned, wherefore the aim of this study was to assess the potential association among these precursors of type 2 diabetes and cognitive dysfunction. Using data from the Prospective Epidemiological Risk Factor (PERF) Study (n = 2,103), a prospective study of elderly women in Denmark, we found that impaired fasting plasma glucose concentration was associated with 44% (9-91%) larger probability of cognitive dysfunction. In addition, subjects above the HOMA-IR threshold (HOMA-IR >2.6) had 47% (9-99%) larger odds of cognitive dysfunction. The associations could indicate that a significant proportion of dementia cases in women is likely to be preventable by effective prevention and control of the insulin homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper S Neergaard
- Nordic Bioscience A/S, Herlev, Denmark
- DTU Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- ProScion A/S, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Katrine Dragsbæk
- Nordic Bioscience A/S, Herlev, Denmark
- DTU Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | | | - Susanne Brix
- DTU Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Ekblad LL, Rinne JO, Puukka P, Laine H, Ahtiluoto S, Sulkava R, Viitanen M, Jula A. Insulin Resistance Predicts Cognitive Decline: An 11-Year Follow-up of a Nationally Representative Adult Population Sample. Diabetes Care 2017; 40:751-758. [PMID: 28381479 DOI: 10.2337/dc16-2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine whether insulin resistance, assessed by HOMA of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), is an independent predictor of cognitive decline. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The roles of HOMA-IR, fasting insulin and glucose, HbA1c, and hs-CRP as predictors of cognitive performance and its change were evaluated in the Finnish nationwide, population-based Health 2000 Health Examination Survey and its 11-year follow-up, the Health 2011 study (n = 3,695, mean age at baseline 49.3 years, 55.5% women). Categorical verbal fluency, word-list learning, and word-list delayed recall were used as measures of cognitive function. Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed and adjusted for previously reported risk factors for cognitive decline. RESULTS Higher baseline HOMA-IR and fasting insulin levels were independent predictors of poorer verbal fluency performance (P = 0.0002 for both) and of a greater decline in verbal fluency during the follow-up time (P = 0.004 for both). Baseline HOMA-IR and insulin did not predict word-list learning or word-list delayed recall scores. There were no interactions between HOMA-IR and apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOEε4) genotype, hs-CRP, or type 2 diabetes on the cognitive tests. Fasting glucose and hs-CRP levels at baseline were not associated with cognitive functioning. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that higher serum fasting insulin and insulin resistance predict poorer verbal fluency and a steeper decline in verbal fluency during 11 years in a representative sample of an adult population. Prevention and treatment of insulin resistance might help reduce cognitive decline later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juha O Rinne
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Pauli Puukka
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland
| | - Hanna Laine
- Turku City Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | | | - Matti Viitanen
- Turku City Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Antti Jula
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland
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Hughes TM, Craft S, Baker LD, Espeland MA, Rapp SR, Sink KM, Bertoni AG, Burke GL, Gottesman RF, Michos ED, Luchsinger JA, Fitzpatrick AL, Hayden KM. Changes in metabolic risk factors over 10 years and their associations with late-life cognitive performance: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA: DIAGNOSIS, ASSESSMENT & DISEASE MONITORING 2017; 8:18-25. [PMID: 28435852 PMCID: PMC5390661 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadm.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background We examined whether changes in metabolic factors over 10 years were associated with cognitive performance. Methods Participants from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis were followed since baseline (2000–2002) with five clinical examinations. At exam 5 (2010–2012), they received a short cognitive battery (Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument [CASI], Digit Symbol Coding [DSC], and Digit Span [DS]). We examined associations between baseline metabolic factors and their changes over time before cognitive testing. Results Among 4392 participants, baseline metabolic disorders (fasting glucose, systolic and diastolic blood pressures) were significantly associated with poorer CASI, DSC, and DS scores measured 10 years later. Increases in blood pressure were associated with lower cognitive performance. Results did not differ by race/ethnicity and were stronger among those without the APOE ε4 allele. Conclusions Cognitive performance was associated with antecedent abnormalities in glucose metabolism and blood pressure increases. Findings appeared stronger among APOE ε4-negative participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M. Hughes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Suzanne Craft
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Laura D. Baker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Mark A. Espeland
- Department of Biostatistics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Stephen R. Rapp
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Kaycee M. Sink
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Alain G. Bertoni
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Gregory L. Burke
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Rebecca F. Gottesman
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Erin D. Michos
- The Ciccarone Preventive Cardiology Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - José A. Luchsinger
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Annette L. Fitzpatrick
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kathleen M. Hayden
- Department of Social Sciences & Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +1-336-716-2918; Fax: +1-336-716-7554.
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Umegaki H, Makino T, Uemura K, Shimada H, Hayashi T, Cheng XW, Kuzuya M. The Associations among Insulin Resistance, Hyperglycemia, Physical Performance, Diabetes Mellitus, and Cognitive Function in Relatively Healthy Older Adults with Subtle Cognitive Dysfunction. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:72. [PMID: 28386227 PMCID: PMC5362585 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR), diabetes mellitus (DM), sarcopenia, and cognitive dysfunction are thought to be mutually associated. We conducted a comprehensive assessment of the relationships among IR, gait speed, hyperglycemia, and DM by cross-sectionally analyzing the baseline data of an interventional study for cognitive preservation with physical exercise (the TOyota Preventional Intervention for Cognitive decline and Sarcopenia [TOPICS]). The participants (n = 444) were relatively healthy older individuals who had mild cognitive impairment without dementia, and 61 of the participants had DM. Slow gait speed and hyperglycemia were associated with cognitive dysfunction, mainly in the executive function domain, whereas IR was associated with memory impairment. The participants with DM had lower general cognition and executive function. Executive dysfunction in the DM participants seemed to be partly explained by hyperglycemia and/or slow gait speed. Our findings confirmed that IR, DM, sarcopenia, and cognitive dysfunction are mutually associated in complex ways. Understanding the mechanisms underlying these associations will lead to effective strategies to prevent and treat cognitive dysfunction in older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Umegaki
- Department of Community Healthcare and Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya, Japan
| | - Taeko Makino
- Institute of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuki Uemura
- Liberal Arts and Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University Toyama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Shimada
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Obu, Japan
| | - Takahiro Hayashi
- Institute of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University Nagoya, Japan
| | - Xian Wu Cheng
- Institute of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kuzuya
- Department of Community Healthcare and Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoya, Japan; Institute of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya UniversityNagoya, Japan
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