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Feng X, Zhang H, Yang S, Cui D, Wu Y, Qi X, Su Z. From stem cells to pancreatic β-cells: strategies, applications, and potential treatments for diabetes. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-04999-x. [PMID: 38642274 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-04999-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Loss and functional failure of pancreatic β-cells results in disruption of glucose homeostasis and progression of diabetes. Although whole pancreas or pancreatic islet transplantation serves as a promising approach for β-cell replenishment and diabetes therapy, the severe scarcity of donor islets makes it unattainable for most diabetic patients. Stem cells, particularly induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), are promising for the treatment of diabetes owing to their self-renewal capacity and ability to differentiate into functional β-cells. In this review, we first introduce the development of functional β-cells and their heterogeneity and then turn to highlight recent advances in the generation of β-cells from stem cells and their potential applications in disease modeling, drug discovery and clinical therapy. Finally, we have discussed the current challenges in developing stem cell-based therapeutic strategies for improving the treatment of diabetes. Although some significant technical hurdles remain, stem cells offer great hope for patients with diabetes and will certainly transform future clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingrong Feng
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 1 Keyuan 4th Road, Gaopeng Street, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 1 Keyuan 4th Road, Gaopeng Street, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Shanshan Yang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 1 Keyuan 4th Road, Gaopeng Street, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Daxin Cui
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 1 Keyuan 4th Road, Gaopeng Street, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yanting Wu
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 1 Keyuan 4th Road, Gaopeng Street, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaocun Qi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 1 Keyuan 4th Road, Gaopeng Street, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhiguang Su
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 1 Keyuan 4th Road, Gaopeng Street, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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2
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Stem Cell-Derived Islets for Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095099. [PMID: 35563490 PMCID: PMC9105352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of insulin a century ago, insulin injection has been a primary treatment for both type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). T2D is a complicated disea se that is triggered by the dysfunction of insulin-producing β cells and insulin resistance in peripheral tissues. Insulin injection partially compensates for the role of endogenous insulin which promotes glucose uptake, lipid synthesis and organ growth. However, lacking the continuous, rapid, and accurate glucose regulation by endogenous functional β cells, the current insulin injection therapy is unable to treat the root causes of the disease. Thus, new technologies such as human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived islets are needed for both identifying the key molecular and genetic causes of T2D and for achieving a long-term treatment. This perspective review will provide insight into the efficacy of hPSC-derived human islets for treating and understanding T2D. We discuss the evidence that β cells should be the primary target for T2D treatment, the use of stem cells for the modeling of T2D and the potential use of hPSC-derived islet transplantation for treating T2D.
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3
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Evans RM, Wei Z. Interorgan crosstalk in pancreatic islet function and pathology. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:607-619. [PMID: 35014695 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic β cells secrete insulin in response to glucose, a process that is regulated at multiple levels, including a network of input signals from other organ systems. Impaired islet function contributes to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and targeting inter-organ communications, such as GLP-1 signalling, to enhance β-cell function has been proven to be a successful therapeutic strategy in the last decade. In this review, we will discuss recent advances in inter-organ communication from the metabolic, immune and neural system to pancreatic islets, their biological implication in normal pancreas endocrine function and their role in the (mal)adaptive responses of islet to nutrition-induced stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald M Evans
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Zong Wei
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
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4
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Bartolomé A. Stem Cell-Derived β Cells: A Versatile Research Platform to Interrogate the Genetic Basis of β Cell Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:501. [PMID: 35008927 PMCID: PMC8745644 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β cell dysfunction is a central component of diabetes progression. During the last decades, the genetic basis of several monogenic forms of diabetes has been recognized. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have also facilitated the identification of common genetic variants associated with an increased risk of diabetes. These studies highlight the importance of impaired β cell function in all forms of diabetes. However, how most of these risk variants confer disease risk, remains unanswered. Understanding the specific contribution of genetic variants and the precise role of their molecular effectors is the next step toward developing treatments that target β cell dysfunction in the era of personalized medicine. Protocols that allow derivation of β cells from pluripotent stem cells, represent a powerful research tool that allows modeling of human development and versatile experimental designs that can be used to shed some light on diabetes pathophysiology. This article reviews different models to study the genetic basis of β cell dysfunction, focusing on the recent advances made possible by stem cell applications in the field of diabetes research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Bartolomé
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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5
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Lewis PL, Wells JM. Engineering-inspired approaches to study β-cell function and diabetes. Stem Cells 2021; 39:522-535. [PMID: 33497522 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Strategies to mitigate the pathologies from diabetes range from simply administering insulin to prescribing complex drug/biologic regimens combined with lifestyle changes. There is a substantial effort to better understand β-cell physiology during diabetes pathogenesis as a means to develop improved therapies. The convergence of multiple fields ranging from developmental biology to microfluidic engineering has led to the development of new experimental systems to better study complex aspects of diabetes and β-cell biology. Here we discuss the available insulin-secreting cell types used in research, ranging from primary human β-cells, to cell lines, to pluripotent stem cell-derived β-like cells. Each of these sources possess inherent strengths and weaknesses pertinent to specific applications, especially in the context of engineered platforms. We then outline how insulin-expressing cells have been used in engineered platforms and how recent advances allow for better mimicry of in vivo conditions. Chief among these conditions are β-cell interactions with other endocrine organs. This facet is beginning to be thoroughly addressed by the organ-on-a-chip community, but holds enormous potential in the development of novel diabetes therapeutics. Furthermore, high throughput strategies focused on studying β-cell biology, improving β-cell differentiation, or proliferation have led to enormous contributions in the field and will no doubt be instrumental in bringing new diabetes therapeutics to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip L Lewis
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - James M Wells
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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6
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Frikke-Schmidt H, Arvan P, Seeley RJ, Cras-Méneur C. Improved in vivo imaging method for individual islets across the mouse pancreas reveals a heterogeneous insulin secretion response to glucose. Sci Rep 2021; 11:603. [PMID: 33436691 PMCID: PMC7804140 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79727-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
While numerous techniques can be used to measure and analyze insulin secretion in isolated islets in culture, assessments of insulin secretion in vivo are typically indirect and only semiquantitative. The CpepSfGFP reporter mouse line allows the in vivo imaging of insulin secretion from individual islets after a glucose stimulation, in live, anesthetized mice. Imaging the whole pancreas at high resolution in live mice to track the response of each individual islet over time includes numerous technical challenges and previous reports were only limited in scope and non-quantitative. Elaborating on this previous model-through the development of an improved methodology addressing anesthesia, temperature control and motion blur-we were able to track and quantify longitudinally insulin content throughout a glucose challenge in up to two hundred individual islets simultaneously. Through this approach we demonstrate quantitatively for the first time that while isolated islets respond homogeneously to glucose in culture, their profiles differ significantly in vivo. Independent of size or location, some islets respond sharply to a glucose stimulation while others barely secrete at all. This platform therefore provides a powerful approach to study the impact of disease, diet, surgery or pharmacological treatments on insulin secretion in the intact pancreas in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Arvan
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Randy J Seeley
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Corentin Cras-Méneur
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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7
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Kumar S, Niguram P, Bhat V, Jinagal S, Jairaj V, Chauhan N. Synthesis, molecular docking and ADMET prediction of novel swertiamarin analogues for the restoration of type-2 diabetes: an enzyme inhibition assay. Nat Prod Res 2020; 36:2197-2207. [PMID: 32998578 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1825428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Swertiamarin is a lead, biologically active compound obtained from Enicostemma littorale Blume and known to be identified for the anti-diabetic activity. Present work comprises the synthesis and structural optimization of seven novel swertiamarin analogues and those were not being reported elsewhere till date. Swertiamarin was isolated, followed by modifications that have been accomplished amidst fluorinating, acetylating and oxidizing agents and also performed chromatographic purity and characterization of analogues. Furthermore, the swertiamarin analogues were screened for dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) enzyme inhibition with in silico studies. Besides, the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of analogues were predicted using ADMET software. In a nutshell, the compounds such as SNIPERSV-4 and SNIPERSV-7 have to pose good initial activity (∼48%) in comparison to standard DPP-IV inhibitor (Sitagliptin). The identified analogues were active against DPP-IV enzyme in preliminary screenings, and these findings would be beneficial for the new age researchers also for the therapy of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyender Kumar
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Prakash Niguram
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Vedika Bhat
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Seema Jinagal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baba Mast Nath University - Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Vinod Jairaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Neelam Chauhan
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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8
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The association of anthropometric parameters with markers of insulin and leptin secretion and resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus. REV ROMANA MED LAB 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/rrlm-2020-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aim: We evaluated the association between anthropometric parameters and markers of insulin and leptin secretion/resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Material and methods: This post-hoc data analysis from a cross-sectional study included 176 T2DM patients. Laboratory tests (serum leptin, soluble form of leptin receptor (sObR), C peptide, glycemic and lipid parameters) and anthropometric parameters were obtained, adiposity indexes (including body adiposity index (BAI), visceral adiposity index (VAI)), indicators of insulin resistance, β-cell function, and leptin resistance (Free Leptin Index, FLI) were calculated.
Results: The body mass index (BMI), diabetes duration, VAI and leptin correlated independently with HOMA-IR, while BMI, diabetes duration and HbA1c with HOMA-B. The total body fat mass (TBFM), C peptide, diabetes duration, BMI and BAI correlated with leptin concentrations, while the first three with FLI. VAI was an indicator of insulin resistance (β=0.166, p=0.003), while BAI of leptin secretion (β=0.260, p=0.010). TBFM strongly associated with leptin resistance and secretion (β=0.037, r=0.688, p<0.0001, and β=0.521, r=0.667, p<0.0001), and BMI correlated weakly with insulin secretion and resistance. While insulin and leptin secretion increased progressively with BMI, leptin and insulin resistance became significant only in case of obesity. The sObR was significantly associated with C peptide concentrations (β=-0.032; p=0.044), but not with HOMA-B or -IR. A strong positive correlation between the C peptide/leptin ratio and non-fat mass /TBFM ratio was noted (r=0.62 [0.52, 0.71], p<0.0001).
Conclusions: Parameters of peripheral adiposity correlated better with markers of leptin system, and those of visceral adiposity with markers of insulin secretion/resistance. The sObR correlated independently and negatively with C peptide.
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9
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Santos MCFD, Anderson CP, Neschen S, Zumbrennen-Bullough KB, Romney SJ, Kahle-Stephan M, Rathkolb B, Gailus-Durner V, Fuchs H, Wolf E, Rozman J, de Angelis MH, Cai WM, Rajan M, Hu J, Dedon PC, Leibold EA. Irp2 regulates insulin production through iron-mediated Cdkal1-catalyzed tRNA modification. Nat Commun 2020; 11:296. [PMID: 31941883 PMCID: PMC6962211 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of cellular iron homeostasis is crucial as both iron excess and deficiency cause hematological and neurodegenerative diseases. Here we show that mice lacking iron-regulatory protein 2 (Irp2), a regulator of cellular iron homeostasis, develop diabetes. Irp2 post-transcriptionally regulates the iron-uptake protein transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) and the iron-storage protein ferritin, and dysregulation of these proteins due to Irp2 loss causes functional iron deficiency in β cells. This impairs Fe-S cluster biosynthesis, reducing the function of Cdkal1, an Fe-S cluster enzyme that catalyzes methylthiolation of t6A37 in tRNALysUUU to ms2t6A37. As a consequence, lysine codons in proinsulin are misread and proinsulin processing is impaired, reducing insulin content and secretion. Iron normalizes ms2t6A37 and proinsulin lysine incorporation, restoring insulin content and secretion in Irp2-/- β cells. These studies reveal a previously unidentified link between insulin processing and cellular iron deficiency that may have relevance to type 2 diabetes in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Ferreira Dos Santos
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.,Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Cole P Anderson
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.,Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.,Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, 66849, Landstuhl, Germany
| | - Susanne Neschen
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kimberly B Zumbrennen-Bullough
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.,Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Steven J Romney
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.,Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.,Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA
| | - Melanie Kahle-Stephan
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Medizinische Hochschule Brandenburg Theodor Fontane Institut für Sozialmedizin und Epidemiologie, 14770, Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany
| | - Birgit Rathkolb
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen Strasse 25, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Valerie Gailus-Durner
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Helmut Fuchs
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen Strasse 25, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Rozman
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prumyslova, 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hrabe de Angelis
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Chair of Experimental Genetics, School of Life Science Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 8, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Weiling Maggie Cai
- Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, 119077.,Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group (IRG), Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, Singapore, Singapore, 138602.,Agilent Technologies, 1 Yishun Ave 7, Singapore, Singapore, 768923
| | - Malini Rajan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.,Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Jennifer Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Celgene Corporation, 1616 Eastlake Ave East, Seattle, WA, 98102, USA
| | - Peter C Dedon
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group (IRG), Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, Singapore, Singapore, 138602.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Leibold
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA. .,Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA. .,Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
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10
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Qureshi IZ, Fatima I. Peripherally administered KP-10 prevents development of insulin-induced hypoglycemic shock in diabetic rhesus monkeys. Physiol Int 2019. [PMID: 31896266 DOI: 10.1556/2060.106.2019.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study investigated whether kisspeptin-10 (KP-10) prevents diabetic rhesus monkeys from insulin-induced hypoglycemic shock. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-six adult male rhesus monkeys were used, six in each group. Diabetes was induced with streptozotocin (45 mg/kg b.w.; single dose i.v.). Groups were as: saline control, insulin alone, pre-insulin (treated with KP-10, 30 min before insulin), post-insulin (treated with KP-10, 30 min after insulin), treated with premix dose of KP-10 (50 μg) and insulin, and the group treated with the kisspeptin antagonist P234 (50 μg). Following an overnight fast, each animal was subjected to respective treatment, and blood glucose concentrations were recorded every 30-min interval for 3 h. RESULTS Intergroup comparisons demonstrated that treatment with KP-10 prior to insulin administration and kisspeptin-insulin premix treatment allowed blood glucose levels to rise to significantly higher levels (p < 0.001) by 180 min in diabetic and healthy animals compared to treatment with insulin alone. However, intragroup comparisons revealed a significant decrease in blood glucose level in diabetic animals only. Treatment with P234 antagonist followed by insulin administration abolished the preventive action of kisspeptin, whereby blood glucose decreased significantly (p < 0.001) in both diabetic and healthy animals. KP-10 post-insulin treatment, however, remained ineffective and led, instead, to significantly decreased glucose concentrations by 180 min in both diabetic and healthy animals when compared to animals treated with insulin alone. CONCLUSIONS KP-10 bears therapeutic potential to prevent hypoglycemic shock that may sometimes occur during intensive insulin therapy. Several pharmacological aspects of its interaction with insulin and other drugs, however, remain to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Z Qureshi
- Laboratory of Animal and Human Physiology, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - I Fatima
- Laboratory of Animal and Human Physiology, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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11
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Dysregulated liver lipid metabolism and innate immunity associated with hepatic steatosis in neonatal BBdp rats and NOD mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14594. [PMID: 31601915 PMCID: PMC6787248 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51143-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous study we reported that prediabetic rats have a unique gene signature that was apparent even in neonates. Several of the changes we observed, including enhanced expression of pro-inflammatory genes and dysregulated UPR and metabolism genes were first observed in the liver followed by the pancreas. In the present study we investigated further early changes in hepatic innate immunity and metabolism in two models of type 1 diabetes (T1D), the BBdp rat and NOD mouse. There was a striking increase in lipid deposits in liver, particularly in neonatal BBdp rats, with a less striking but significant increase in neonatal NOD mice in association with dysregulated expression of lipid metabolism genes. This was associated with a decreased number of extramedullary hematopoietic clusters as well as CD68+ macrophages in the liver of both models. In addition, PPARɣ and phosphorylated AMPKα protein were decreased in neonatal BBdp rats. BBdp rats displayed decreased expression of antimicrobial genes in neonates and decreased M2 genes at 30 days. This suggests hepatic steatosis could be a common early feature in development of T1D that impacts metabolic homeostasis and tolerogenic phenotype in the prediabetic liver.
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12
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Organ crosstalk: the potent roles of inflammation and fibrotic changes in the course of organ interactions. Inflamm Res 2019; 68:825-839. [PMID: 31327029 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-019-01271-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organ crosstalk can be defined as the complex and mutual biological communication between distant organs mediated by signaling factors. Normally, crosstalk helps to coordinate and maintain homeostasis, but sudden or chronic dysfunction in any organ causes dysregulation in another organ. Many signal molecules, including cytokines and growth factors, are involved in the metabolic dysregulation, and excessive or inappropriate release of these molecules leads to organ dysfunction or disease (e.g., obesity, type 2 diabetes). AIM AND METHOD The aim of this review is to reveal the impact of organ crosstalk on the pathogenesis of diseases associated with organ interactions and the role of inflammatory and fibrotic changes in the organ dysfunction. After searching in MEDLINE, PubMed and Google Scholar databases using 'organ crosstalk' as a keyword, studies related to organ crosstalk and organ interaction were compiled and examined. CONCLUSION The organ crosstalk and the functional integration of organ systems are exceedingly complex processes. Organ crosstalk contributes to metabolic homeostasis and affects the inflammatory response, related pathways and fibrotic changes. As in the case of interactions between adipose tissue and intestine, stimulation of inflammatory mechanisms plays an active role in the development of diseases including insulin resistance, obesity, type 2 diabetes and hepatic steatosis. The increased level of knowledge about the 'crosstalk' between any organ and distant organs will facilitate the early diagnosis of the disease as well as the management of the treatment practices in the short- and long-term organ dysfunction.
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13
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Zhang Q, Pan Y, Zeng B, Zheng X, Wang H, Shen X, Li H, Jiang Q, Zhao J, Meng ZX, Li P, Chen Z, Wei H, Liu Z. Intestinal lysozyme liberates Nod1 ligands from microbes to direct insulin trafficking in pancreatic beta cells. Cell Res 2019; 29:516-532. [PMID: 31201384 PMCID: PMC6796897 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-019-0190-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-range communication between intestinal symbiotic bacteria and extra-intestinal organs can occur through circulating bacterial signal molecules, through neural circuits, or through cytokines or hormones from host cells. Here we report that Nod1 ligands derived from intestinal bacteria act as signal molecules and directly modulate insulin trafficking in pancreatic beta cells. The cytosolic peptidoglycan receptor Nod1 and its downstream adapter Rip2 are required for insulin trafficking in beta cells in a cell-autonomous manner. Mechanistically, upon recognizing cognate ligands, Nod1 and Rip2 localize to insulin vesicles, recruiting Rab1a to direct insulin trafficking through the cytoplasm. Importantly, intestinal lysozyme liberates Nod1 ligands into the circulation, thus enabling long-range communication between intestinal microbes and islets. The intestine-islet crosstalk bridged by Nod1 ligands modulates host glucose tolerance. Our study defines a new type of inter-organ communication based on circulating bacterial signal molecules, which has broad implications for understanding the mutualistic relationship between microbes and host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ying Pan
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Benhua Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiaojiao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Haifang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xueying Shen
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jiaxu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Rd, Shanghai, 200031, China.,Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Rd, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zhuo-Xian Meng
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Pingping Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhengjun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Rd, Shanghai, 200031, China.,Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Rd, Shanghai, 200031, China.,ShanghaiTech Univ, Sch Life Sci & Technol, 100 Haike Rd, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Precision Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
| | - Zhihua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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14
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Singh MK, Das BK, Choudhary S, Gupta D, Patil UK. Diabetes and hepatocellular carcinoma: A pathophysiological link and pharmacological management. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:991-1002. [PMID: 30119271 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Both diabetes mellitus (DM) and cancer are multifarious, dissimilar, and long-lasting, fatal diseases with a remarkable influence on health worldwide. DM is not only related to cardiovascular diseases, neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy, but also related to a number of liver diseases such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, steatohepatitis, and liver cirrhosis. Recently, it is hypothesized that DM has a greater risk for many forms of cancer, such as breast, colorectal, endometrial, pancreatic, gallbladder, renal, and liver cancer including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Both DM and cancer have many common risk factors, but the association between these two is poorly stated. Several epidemiologic studies have revealed the association between pathogenic and prognostic characteristics of DM and a higher incidence of HCC, thus representing DM as an independent risk factor for HCC development. The etiological and pathophysiological relationship between DM and HCC has been presented in this review by linking hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and activation of insulin-like growth factor signaling pathways and pharmacological management of HCC associated with DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, M.P., India
| | - Bhrigu Kumar Das
- Department of Pharmacology, K.L.E.U's College of Pharmacy, Hubballi, Karnataka, India
| | - Sandeep Choudhary
- Division of Radiation Biodosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organisation, New Delhi, India.
| | - Deepak Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, M.P., India
| | - Umesh K Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, M.P., India
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15
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Méndez-Giménez L, Ezquerro S, da Silva IV, Soveral G, Frühbeck G, Rodríguez A. Pancreatic Aquaporin-7: A Novel Target for Anti-diabetic Drugs? Front Chem 2018; 6:99. [PMID: 29675407 PMCID: PMC5895657 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins comprise a family of 13 members of water channels (AQP0-12) that facilitate a rapid transport of water across cell membranes. In some cases, these pores are also permeated by small solutes, particularly glycerol, urea or nitric oxide, among other solutes. Several aquaporins have been identified in the pancreas, an exocrine and endocrine organ that plays an essential role in the onset of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The exocrine pancreas, which accounts for 90% of the total pancreas, secretes daily large volumes of a near-isotonic fluid containing digestive enzymes into the duodenum. AQP1, AQP5, and AQP8 contribute to fluid secretion especially from ductal cells, whereas AQP12 allows the proper maturation and exocytosis of secretory granules in acinar cells of the exocrine pancreas. The endocrine pancreas (10% of the total pancreatic cells) is composed by the islets of Langerhans, which are distributed in α, β, δ, ε, and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) cells that secrete glucagon, insulin, somatostatin, ghrelin and PP, respectively. AQP7, an aquaglyceroporin permeated by water and glycerol, is expressed in pancreatic β-cells and murine studies have confirmed its participation in insulin secretion, triacylglycerol synthesis and proliferation of these endocrine cells. In this regard, transgenic AQP7-knockout mice develop adult-onset obesity, hyperinsulinemia, increased intracellular triacylglycerol content and reduced β-cell mass in Langerhans islets. Moreover, we have recently reported that AQP7 upregulation in β-cells after bariatric surgery, an effective weight loss surgical procedure, contributes, in part, to the improvement of pancreatic steatosis and insulin secretion through the increase of intracytoplasmic glycerol in obese rats. Human studies remain scarce and controversial, with some rare cases of loss-of function mutations of the AQP7 gene being associated with the onset of type 2 diabetes. The present Review is focused on the role of aquaporins in the physiology and pathophysiology of the pancreas, highlighting the role of pancreatic AQP7 as a novel player in the control of β-cell function and a potential anti-diabetic-drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leire Méndez-Giménez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Ezquerro
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inês V da Silva
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Graça Soveral
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amaia Rodríguez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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16
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Barlow JP, Solomon TP. Do skeletal muscle-secreted factors influence the function of pancreatic β-cells? Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 314:E297-E307. [PMID: 29208613 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00353.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is an endocrine organ that secretes a variety of compounds including proteins (myokines), metabolites, microRNAs (miRNAs), and exosomes, many of which are regulated by exercise and play important roles in endocrine signaling. Interorgan communication via muscle-secreted factors therefore provides a novel area for investigation and implicates the importance of skeletal muscle in the pathophysiology of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2D). Given that underlying molecular mechanisms of T2D are subject of ongoing research, in light of new evidence it is probable that interorgan cross-talk between skeletal muscle and pancreatic β-cells plays an important part. To date, the number of studies published in this field provide the basis of this review. Specifically, we discuss current experimental evidence in support for a role of skeletal muscle to β-cell cross-talk, paying particular attention to muscle-secreted factors including myokines, metabolites, miRNAs, and factors contained within exosomes that influence the function and/or the survival of β-cells in health and disease. In reviewing this evidence, we provide an update on the list of known muscle-secreted factors that have potential to influence the function and/or survival of β-cells under normal and diabetic conditions. We also report limitations of current cross-talk methods and discuss future directions in this growing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Barlow
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham, West Midlands , United Kingdom
| | - Thomas P Solomon
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham, West Midlands , United Kingdom
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17
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Zhu H, Li W, Liu Z, Li W, Chen N, Lu L, Zhang W, Wang Z, Wang B, Pan K, Zhang X, Chen G. Selection of Implantation Sites for Transplantation of Encapsulated Pancreatic Islets. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2018; 24:191-214. [PMID: 29048258 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2017.0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic islet transplantation has been validated as a valuable therapy for type 1 diabetes mellitus patients with exhausted insulin treatment. However, this therapy remains limited by the shortage of donor and the requirement of lifelong immunosuppression. Islet encapsulation, as an available bioartificial pancreas (BAP), represents a promising approach to enable protecting islet grafts without or with minimal immunosuppression and possibly expanding the donor pool. To develop a clinically implantable BAP, some key aspects need to be taken into account: encapsulation material, capsule design, and implant site. Among them, the implant site exerts an important influence on the engraftment, stability, and biocompatibility of implanted BAP. Currently, an optimal site for encapsulated islet transplantation may include sufficient capacity to host large graft volumes, portal drainage, ease of access using safe and reproducible procedure, adequate blood/oxygen supply, minimal immune/inflammatory reaction, pliable for noninvasive imaging and biopsy, and potential of local microenvironment manipulation or bioengineering. Varying degrees of success have been confirmed with the utilization of liver or extrahepatic sites in an experimental or preclinical setting. However, the ideal implant site remains to be further engineered or selected for the widespread application of encapsulated islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Zhu
- 1 Department of Pediatrics (No. 3 Ward), Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital , Xi'an, China .,2 Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- 1 Department of Pediatrics (No. 3 Ward), Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital , Xi'an, China
| | - Zhongwei Liu
- 3 Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital , Xi'an, China
| | - Wenliang Li
- 1 Department of Pediatrics (No. 3 Ward), Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital , Xi'an, China
| | - Niuniu Chen
- 1 Department of Pediatrics (No. 3 Ward), Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital , Xi'an, China
| | - Linlin Lu
- 1 Department of Pediatrics (No. 3 Ward), Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital , Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- 1 Department of Pediatrics (No. 3 Ward), Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital , Xi'an, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- 1 Department of Pediatrics (No. 3 Ward), Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital , Xi'an, China
| | - Bo Wang
- 2 Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, China .,4 Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, China
| | - Kaili Pan
- 5 Department of Pediatrics (No. 2 Ward), Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital , Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoge Zhang
- 1 Department of Pediatrics (No. 3 Ward), Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital , Xi'an, China
| | - Guoqiang Chen
- 1 Department of Pediatrics (No. 3 Ward), Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital , Xi'an, China
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18
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Caton PW, Evans EA, Philpott MP, Hannen RF. Can the skin make you fat? A role for the skin in regulating adipose tissue function and whole-body glucose and lipid homeostasis. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2017; 37:59-64. [PMID: 28985599 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Prevalence of obesity and related complications such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) has increased dramatically in recent decades. Metabolic complications of obesity arise in part due to subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) dysfunction. However, it is currently unclear why some obese individuals develop insulin resistance and T2D and others do not. In this review, we discuss the role of the skin in regulating SAT function, and whether presence of inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis represent a novel risk mechanism mediating development of obesity-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul W Caton
- Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 91UL, UK.
| | - Elizabeth A Evans
- Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 91UL, UK
| | - Michael P Philpott
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Rosalind F Hannen
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
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19
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Méndez-Giménez L, Becerril S, Camões SP, da Silva IV, Rodrigues C, Moncada R, Valentí V, Catalán V, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Miranda JP, Soveral G, Frühbeck G, Rodríguez A. Role of aquaporin-7 in ghrelin- and GLP-1-induced improvement of pancreatic β-cell function after sleeve gastrectomy in obese rats. Int J Obes (Lond) 2017; 41:1394-1402. [PMID: 28584298 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Glycerol is a key metabolite for lipid accumulation in insulin-sensitive tissues as well as for pancreatic insulin secretion. We examined the role of aquaporin-7 (AQP7), the main glycerol channel in β-cells, and AQP12, an aquaporin related to pancreatic damage, in the improvement of pancreatic function and steatosis after sleeve gastrectomy in diet-induced obese rats. SUBJECTS/METHODS Male Wistar obese rats (n=125) were subjected to surgical (sham operation and sleeve gastrectomy) or dietary (pair-fed to the amount of food eaten by sleeve-gastrectomized animals) interventions. The tissue distribution and expression of AQPs in the rat pancreas were analyzed by real-time PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The effect of ghrelin isoforms and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) on insulin secretion, triacylglycerol (TG) accumulation and AQP expression was determined in vitro in RIN-m5F β-cells. RESULTS Sleeve gastrectomy reduced pancreatic β-cell apoptosis, steatosis and insulin secretion. Lower ghrelin and higher GLP-1 concentrations were also found after bariatric surgery. Acylated and desacyl ghrelin increased TG content, whereas GLP-1 increased insulin release in RIN-m5F β-cells. Sleeve gastrectomy was associated with an upregulation of AQP7 together with a normalization of the increased AQP12 levels in the rat pancreas. Interestingly, ghrelin and GLP-1 repressed AQP7 and AQP12 expression in RIN-m5F β-cells. AQP7 protein was negatively correlated with intracellular lipid accumulation in acylated ghrelin-treated cells and with insulin release in GLP-1-stimulated β-cells. CONCLUSIONS AQP7 upregulation in β-cells after sleeve gastrectomy contributes, in part, to the improvement of pancreatic steatosis and insulin secretion by increasing intracellular glycerol used for insulin release triggered by GLP-1 rather than for ghrelin-induced TG biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Méndez-Giménez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
| | - S Becerril
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
| | - S P Camões
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - I V da Silva
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - C Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - R Moncada
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Anesthesia, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - V Valentí
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Surgery, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - V Catalán
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
| | - J Gómez-Ambrosi
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
| | - J P Miranda
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - G Soveral
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - G Frühbeck
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Endocrinology &Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - A Rodríguez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
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20
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Shirakawa J, De Jesus DF, Kulkarni RN. Exploring inter-organ crosstalk to uncover mechanisms that regulate β-cell function and mass. Eur J Clin Nutr 2017; 71:896-903. [PMID: 28294170 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2017.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Impaired β-cell function and insufficient β-cell mass compensation are twin pathogenic features that underlie type 2 diabetes (T2D). Current therapeutic strategies continue to evolve to improve treatment outcomes in different ethnic populations and include approaches to counter insulin resistance and improve β-cell function. Although the effects of insulin secretion on metabolic organs such as liver, skeletal muscle and adipose is directly relevant for improving glucose uptake and reduce hyperglycemia, the ability of pancreatic β-cells to crosstalk with multiple non-metabolic tissues is providing novel insights into potential opportunities for improving β-cell function and/or mass that could have beneficial effects in patients with diabetes. For example, the role of the gastrointestinal system in the regulation of β-cell biology is well recognized and has been exploited clinically to develop incretin-related antidiabetic agents. The microbiome and the immune system are emerging as important players in regulating β-cell function and mass. The rich innervation of islet cells indicates it is a prime organ for regulation by the nervous system. In this review, we discuss the potential implications of signals from these organ systems as well as those from bone, placenta, kidney, thyroid, endothelial cells, reproductive organs and adrenal and pituitary glands that can directly impact β-cell biology. An added layer of complexity is the limited data regarding the relative relevance of one or more of these systems in different ethnic populations. It is evident that better understanding of this paradigm would provide clues to enhance β-cell function and/or mass in vivo in the long-term goal of treating or curing patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Shirakawa
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D F De Jesus
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Graduate Program in Areas of Basic and Applied Biology (GABBA), Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - R N Kulkarni
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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21
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Gesmundo I, Villanova T, Banfi D, Gamba G, Granata R. Role of Melatonin, Galanin, and RFamide Neuropeptides QRFP26 and QRFP43 in the Neuroendocrine Control of Pancreatic β-Cell Function. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:143. [PMID: 28729853 PMCID: PMC5499649 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose homeostasis is finely regulated by a number of hormones and peptides released mainly from the brain, gastrointestinal tract, and muscle, regulating pancreatic secretion through cellular receptors and their signal transduction cascades. The endocrine function of the pancreas is controlled by islets within the exocrine pancreatic tissue that release hormones like insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide, and ghrelin. Moreover, both exocrine and endocrine pancreatic functions are regulated by a variety of hormonal and neural mechanisms, such as ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, or the inhibitory peptide somatostatin. In this review, we describe the role of neurohormones that have been less characterized compared to others, on the regulation of insulin secretion. In particular, we will focus on melatonin, galanin, and RFamide neuropeptides QRFP26 and QRFP43, which display either insulinotropic or insulinostatic effects. In fact, in addition to other hormones, amino acids, cytokines, and a variety of proteins, brain-derived hormones are now considered as key regulators of glucose homeostasis, representing potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iacopo Gesmundo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Tania Villanova
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Dana Banfi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giacomo Gamba
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Riccarda Granata
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- *Correspondence: Riccarda Granata,
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22
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Sterl K, Wang S, Oestricker L, Wallendorf MJ, Patterson BW, Reeds DN, Wice BM. Metabolic responses to xenin-25 are altered in humans with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. Peptides 2016; 82:76-84. [PMID: 27288245 PMCID: PMC4958565 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Xenin-25 (Xen) is a neurotensin-related peptide secreted by a subset of enteroendocrine cells located in the proximal small intestine. Many effects of Xen are mediated by neurotensin receptor-1 on neurons. In healthy humans with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), Xen administration causes diarrhea and inhibits postprandial glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) release but not insulin secretion. This study determines (i) if Xen has similar effects in humans with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and (ii) whether neural pathways potentially mediate effects of Xen on glucose homeostasis. Eight females with RYGB and no history of type 2 diabetes received infusions with 0, 4 or 12pmol Xen/kg/min with liquid meals on separate occasions. Plasma glucose and gastrointestinal hormone levels were measured and insulin secretion rates calculated. Pancreatic polypeptide and neuropeptide Y levels were surrogate markers for parasympathetic input to islets and sympathetic tone, respectively. Responses were compared to those in well-matched non-surgical participants with NGT from our earlier study. Xen similarly increased pancreatic polypeptide and neuropeptide Y responses in patients with and without RYGB. In contrast, the ability of Xen to inhibit GLP-1 release and cause diarrhea was severely blunted in patients with RYGB. With RYGB, Xen had no statistically significant effect on glucose, insulin secretory, GLP-1, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, and glucagon responses. However, insulin and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide secretion preceded GLP-1 release suggesting circulating GLP-1 does not mediate exaggerated insulin release after RYGB. Thus, Xen has unmasked neural circuits to the distal gut that inhibit GLP-1 secretion, cause diarrhea, and are altered by RYGB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Sterl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110
| | - Songyan Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110
| | - Lauren Oestricker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110
| | - Michael J Wallendorf
- Department of Internal Medicine, Divsion of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110
| | - Bruce W Patterson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nutritional Science, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110
| | - Dominic N Reeds
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nutritional Science, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110
| | - Burton M Wice
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110
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