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Harada M, Han S, Shi M, Ge J, Yu S, Adam J, Adamski J, Scheerer MF, Neschen S, de Angelis MH, Wang-Sattler R. Metabolic effects of SGLT2i and metformin on 3-hydroxybutyric acid and lactate in db/db mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130962. [PMID: 38503370 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Combining a Sodium-Glucose-Cotransporter-2-inhibitor (SGLT2i) with metformin is recommended for managing hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) who have cardio-renal complications. Our study aimed to investigate the metabolic effects of SGLT2i and metformin, both individually and synergistically. We treated leptin receptor-deficient (db/db) mice with these drugs for two weeks and conducted metabolite profiling, identifying 861 metabolites across kidney, liver, muscle, fat, and plasma. Using linear regression and mixed-effects models, we identified two SGLT2i-specific metabolites, X-12465 and 3-hydroxybutyric acid (3HBA), a ketone body, across all examined tissues. The levels of 3HBA were significantly higher under SGLT2i monotherapy compared to controls and were attenuated when combined with metformin. We observed similar modulatory effects on metabolites involved in protein catabolism (e.g., branched-chain amino acids) and gluconeogenesis. Moreover, combination therapy significantly raised pipecolate levels, which may enhance mTOR1 activity, while modulating GSK3, a common target of SGLT2i and 3HBA inhibition. The combination therapy also led to significant reductions in body weight and lactate levels, contrasted with monotherapies. Our findings advocate for the combined approach to better manage muscle loss, and the risks of DKA and lactic acidosis, presenting a more effective strategy for T2D treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Harada
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Siyu Han
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany; School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Mengya Shi
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany; School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Jianhong Ge
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany; School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Shixiang Yu
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Jonathan Adam
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Markus F Scheerer
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Neschen
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabe de Angelis
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Chair of Experimental Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Rui Wang-Sattler
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.
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2
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Huang J, Covic M, Huth C, Rommel M, Adam J, Zukunft S, Prehn C, Wang L, Nano J, Scheerer MF, Neschen S, Kastenmüller G, Gieger C, Laxy M, Schliess F, Adamski J, Suhre K, de Angelis MH, Peters A, Wang-Sattler R. Validation of Candidate Phospholipid Biomarkers of Chronic Kidney Disease in Hyperglycemic Individuals and Their Organ-Specific Exploration in Leptin Receptor-Deficient db/db Mouse. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11020089. [PMID: 33546276 PMCID: PMC7913334 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11020089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological exploration of early biomarkers for chronic kidney disease (CKD) in (pre)diabetic individuals is crucial for personalized management of diabetes. Here, we evaluated two candidate biomarkers of incident CKD (sphingomyelin (SM) C18:1 and phosphatidylcholine diacyl (PC aa) C38:0) concerning kidney function in hyperglycemic participants of the Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) cohort, and in two biofluids and six organs of leptin receptor-deficient (db/db) mice and wild type controls. Higher serum concentrations of SM C18:1 and PC aa C38:0 in hyperglycemic individuals were found to be associated with lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and higher odds of CKD. In db/db mice, both metabolites had a significantly lower concentration in urine and adipose tissue, but higher in the lungs. Additionally, db/db mice had significantly higher SM C18:1 levels in plasma and liver, and PC aa C38:0 in adrenal glands. This cross-sectional human study confirms that SM C18:1 and PC aa C38:0 associate with kidney dysfunction in pre(diabetic) individuals, and the animal study suggests a potential implication of liver, lungs, adrenal glands, and visceral fat in their systemic regulation. Our results support further validation of the two phospholipids as early biomarkers of renal disease in patients with (pre)diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Huang
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (J.H.); (M.C.); (M.R.); (J.A.); (L.W.); (C.G.)
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (C.H.); (J.N.); (A.P.)
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany;
| | - Marcela Covic
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (J.H.); (M.C.); (M.R.); (J.A.); (L.W.); (C.G.)
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (C.H.); (J.N.); (A.P.)
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany;
| | - Cornelia Huth
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (C.H.); (J.N.); (A.P.)
| | - Martina Rommel
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (J.H.); (M.C.); (M.R.); (J.A.); (L.W.); (C.G.)
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (C.H.); (J.N.); (A.P.)
| | - Jonathan Adam
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (J.H.); (M.C.); (M.R.); (J.A.); (L.W.); (C.G.)
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (C.H.); (J.N.); (A.P.)
| | - Sven Zukunft
- Research Unit of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (S.Z.); (J.A.)
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Institute for Vascular Signaling, Goethe University, 60323 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Cornelia Prehn
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Core Facility, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
| | - Li Wang
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (J.H.); (M.C.); (M.R.); (J.A.); (L.W.); (C.G.)
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (C.H.); (J.N.); (A.P.)
- Liaocheng People’s Hospital—Department of Scientific Research, Shandong University Postdoctoral Work Station, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Jana Nano
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (C.H.); (J.N.); (A.P.)
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany;
| | - Markus F. Scheerer
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (M.F.S.); (S.N.)
- Bayer AG, Medical Affairs & Pharmacovigilance, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Neschen
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (M.F.S.); (S.N.)
- Sanofi Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Hoechst, 65929 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gabi Kastenmüller
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (J.H.); (M.C.); (M.R.); (J.A.); (L.W.); (C.G.)
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (C.H.); (J.N.); (A.P.)
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany;
| | - Michael Laxy
- Institute of Health Economics and Health Care Management, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
| | | | - Jerzy Adamski
- Research Unit of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (S.Z.); (J.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, 85353 Freising, Germany
| | - Karsten Suhre
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar (WCMC-Q), Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar;
| | - Martin Hrabe de Angelis
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany;
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (M.F.S.); (S.N.)
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, 85353 Freising, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (C.H.); (J.N.); (A.P.)
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany;
| | - Rui Wang-Sattler
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (J.H.); (M.C.); (M.R.); (J.A.); (L.W.); (C.G.)
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (C.H.); (J.N.); (A.P.)
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-89-3187-3978; Fax: + 49-89-3187-2428
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3
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Huang J, Huth C, Covic M, Troll M, Adam J, Zukunft S, Prehn C, Wang L, Nano J, Scheerer MF, Neschen S, Kastenmüller G, Suhre K, Laxy M, Schliess F, Gieger C, Adamski J, Hrabe de Angelis M, Peters A, Wang-Sattler R. Machine Learning Approaches Reveal Metabolic Signatures of Incident Chronic Kidney Disease in Individuals With Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes 2020; 69:2756-2765. [PMID: 33024004 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Early and precise identification of individuals with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2D) at risk for progressing to chronic kidney disease (CKD) is essential to prevent complications of diabetes. Here, we identify and evaluate prospective metabolite biomarkers and the best set of predictors of CKD in the longitudinal, population-based Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) cohort by targeted metabolomics and machine learning approaches. Out of 125 targeted metabolites, sphingomyelin C18:1 and phosphatidylcholine diacyl C38:0 were identified as candidate metabolite biomarkers of incident CKD specifically in hyperglycemic individuals followed during 6.5 years. Sets of predictors for incident CKD developed from 125 metabolites and 14 clinical variables showed highly stable performances in all three machine learning approaches and outperformed the currently established clinical algorithm for CKD. The two metabolites in combination with five clinical variables were identified as the best set of predictors, and their predictive performance yielded a mean area value under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.857. The inclusion of metabolite variables in the clinical prediction of future CKD may thus improve the risk prediction in people with prediabetes and T2D. The metabolite link with hyperglycemia-related early kidney dysfunction warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Huang
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Huth
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marcela Covic
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martina Troll
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jonathan Adam
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sven Zukunft
- Research Unit of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Prehn
- Research Unit of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Li Wang
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Scientific Research and Shandong University Postdoctoral Work Station, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Jana Nano
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Markus F Scheerer
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Neschen
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gabi Kastenmüller
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Karsten Suhre
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Michael Laxy
- Institute of Health Economics and Health Care Management, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Research Unit of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabe de Angelis
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Rui Wang-Sattler
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
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4
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Santos MCFD, Anderson CP, Neschen S, Zumbrennen-Bullough KB, Romney SJ, Kahle-Stephan M, Rathkolb B, Gailus-Durner V, Fuchs H, Wolf E, Rozman J, de Angelis MH, Cai WM, Rajan M, Hu J, Dedon PC, Leibold EA. Irp2 regulates insulin production through iron-mediated Cdkal1-catalyzed tRNA modification. Nat Commun 2020; 11:296. [PMID: 31941883 PMCID: PMC6962211 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of cellular iron homeostasis is crucial as both iron excess and deficiency cause hematological and neurodegenerative diseases. Here we show that mice lacking iron-regulatory protein 2 (Irp2), a regulator of cellular iron homeostasis, develop diabetes. Irp2 post-transcriptionally regulates the iron-uptake protein transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) and the iron-storage protein ferritin, and dysregulation of these proteins due to Irp2 loss causes functional iron deficiency in β cells. This impairs Fe-S cluster biosynthesis, reducing the function of Cdkal1, an Fe-S cluster enzyme that catalyzes methylthiolation of t6A37 in tRNALysUUU to ms2t6A37. As a consequence, lysine codons in proinsulin are misread and proinsulin processing is impaired, reducing insulin content and secretion. Iron normalizes ms2t6A37 and proinsulin lysine incorporation, restoring insulin content and secretion in Irp2-/- β cells. These studies reveal a previously unidentified link between insulin processing and cellular iron deficiency that may have relevance to type 2 diabetes in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Ferreira Dos Santos
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.,Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Cole P Anderson
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.,Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.,Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, 66849, Landstuhl, Germany
| | - Susanne Neschen
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kimberly B Zumbrennen-Bullough
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.,Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Steven J Romney
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.,Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.,Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA
| | - Melanie Kahle-Stephan
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Medizinische Hochschule Brandenburg Theodor Fontane Institut für Sozialmedizin und Epidemiologie, 14770, Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany
| | - Birgit Rathkolb
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen Strasse 25, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Valerie Gailus-Durner
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Helmut Fuchs
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen Strasse 25, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Rozman
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prumyslova, 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hrabe de Angelis
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Chair of Experimental Genetics, School of Life Science Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 8, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Weiling Maggie Cai
- Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, 119077.,Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group (IRG), Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, Singapore, Singapore, 138602.,Agilent Technologies, 1 Yishun Ave 7, Singapore, Singapore, 768923
| | - Malini Rajan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.,Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Jennifer Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Celgene Corporation, 1616 Eastlake Ave East, Seattle, WA, 98102, USA
| | - Peter C Dedon
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group (IRG), Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, Singapore, Singapore, 138602.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Leibold
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA. .,Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA. .,Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
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5
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Neschen S, Wu M, Fuchs C, Kondofersky I, Theis FJ, de Angelis MH, Häring HU, Sartorius T. Impact of Brain Fatty Acid Signaling on Peripheral Insulin Action in Mice. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2018; 128:20-29. [PMID: 30396212 DOI: 10.1055/a-0735-9533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND METHODS Glucose homeostasis and energy balance are under control by peripheral and brain processes. Especially insulin signaling in the brain seems to impact whole body glucose homeostasis and interacts with fatty acid signaling. In humans circulating saturated fatty acids are negatively associated with brain insulin action while animal studies suggest both positive and negative interactions of fatty acids and insulin brain action. This apparent discrepancy might reflect a difference between acute and chronic fatty acid signaling. To address this question we investigated the acute effect of an intracerebroventricular palmitic acid administration on peripheral glucose homeostasis. We developed and implemented a method for simultaneous monitoring of brain activity and peripheral insulin action in freely moving mice by combining radiotelemetry electrocorticography (ECoG) and euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamps. This method allowed gaining insight in the early kinetics of brain fatty acid signaling and its contemporaneous effect on liver function in vivo, which, to our knowledge, has not been assessed so far in mice. RESULTS Insulin-induced brain activity in the theta and beta band was decreased by acute intracerebroventricular application of palmitic acid. Peripherally it amplified insulin action as demonstrated by a significant inhibition of endogenous glucose production and increased glucose infusion rate. Moreover, our results further revealed that the brain effect of peripheral insulin is modulated by palmitic acid load in the brain. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that insulin action is amplified in the periphery and attenuated in the brain by acute palmitic acid application. Thus, our results indicate that acute palmitic acid signaling in the brain may be different from chronic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Neschen
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Moya Wu
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christiane Fuchs
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Center for Mathematics, Chair of Mathematical Modeling of Biological Systems, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Ivan Kondofersky
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Center for Mathematics, Chair of Mathematical Modeling of Biological Systems, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Fabian J Theis
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Center for Mathematics, Chair of Mathematical Modeling of Biological Systems, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Vascular Disease, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tuebingen (IDM), Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Tina Sartorius
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Vascular Disease, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tuebingen (IDM), Tuebingen, Germany
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6
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Adam J, Brandmaier S, Troll M, Rotter M, Mohney RP, Heier M, Adamski J, Li Y, Neschen S, Kastenmüller G, Suhre K, Ankerst D, Meitinger T, Wang-Sattler R. Response to Comment on Adam et al. Metformin Effect on Nontargeted Metabolite Profiles in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and in Multiple Murine Tissues. Diabetes 2016;65:3776-3785. Diabetes 2017; 66:e3-e4. [PMID: 28507216 DOI: 10.2337/dbi17-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Adam
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Brandmaier
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martina Troll
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Markus Rotter
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Margit Heier
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Yixue Li
- Key Lab of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Susanne Neschen
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gabi Kastenmüller
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Karsten Suhre
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar (WCMC-Q), Education City-Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Donna Ankerst
- Lehrstuhl für Mathematische Modelle Biologischer Systeme, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Rui Wang-Sattler
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
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7
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Hernández EÁ, Kahl S, Seelig A, Begovatz P, Irmler M, Kupriyanova Y, Nowotny B, Nowotny P, Herder C, Barosa C, Carvalho F, Rozman J, Neschen S, Jones JG, Beckers J, de Angelis MH, Roden M. Acute dietary fat intake initiates alterations in energy metabolism and insulin resistance. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:695-708. [PMID: 28112681 DOI: 10.1172/jci89444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary intake of saturated fat is a likely contributor to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and insulin resistance, but the mechanisms that initiate these abnormalities in humans remain unclear. We examined the effects of a single oral saturated fat load on insulin sensitivity, hepatic glucose metabolism, and lipid metabolism in humans. Similarly, initiating mechanisms were examined after an equivalent challenge in mice. METHODS Fourteen lean, healthy individuals randomly received either palm oil (PO) or vehicle (VCL). Hepatic metabolism was analyzed using in vivo 13C/31P/1H and ex vivo 2H magnetic resonance spectroscopy before and during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps with isotope dilution. Mice underwent identical clamp procedures and hepatic transcriptome analyses. RESULTS PO administration decreased whole-body, hepatic, and adipose tissue insulin sensitivity by 25%, 15%, and 34%, respectively. Hepatic triglyceride and ATP content rose by 35% and 16%, respectively. Hepatic gluconeogenesis increased by 70%, and net glycogenolysis declined by 20%. Mouse transcriptomics revealed that PO differentially regulates predicted upstream regulators and pathways, including LPS, members of the TLR and PPAR families, NF-κB, and TNF-related weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK). CONCLUSION Saturated fat ingestion rapidly increases hepatic lipid storage, energy metabolism, and insulin resistance. This is accompanied by regulation of hepatic gene expression and signaling that may contribute to development of NAFLD.REGISTRATION. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01736202. FUNDING Germany: Ministry of Innovation, Science, and Research North Rhine-Westfalia, German Federal Ministry of Health, Federal Ministry of Education and Research, German Center for Diabetes Research, German Research Foundation, and German Diabetes Association. Portugal: Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, FEDER - European Regional Development Fund, Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, and Rede Nacional de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear.
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8
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Franko A, Neschen S, Rozman J, Rathkolb B, Aichler M, Feuchtinger A, Brachthäuser L, Neff F, Kovarova M, Wolf E, Fuchs H, Häring HU, Peter A, Hrabě de Angelis M. Bezafibrate ameliorates diabetes via reduced steatosis and improved hepatic insulin sensitivity in diabetic TallyHo mice. Mol Metab 2017; 6:256-266. [PMID: 28271032 PMCID: PMC5323884 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recently, we have shown that Bezafibrate (BEZ), the pan-PPAR (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor) activator, ameliorated diabetes in insulin deficient streptozotocin treated diabetic mice. In order to study whether BEZ can also improve glucose metabolism in a mouse model for fatty liver and type 2 diabetes, the drug was applied to TallyHo mice. METHODS TallyHo mice were divided into an early (ED) and late (LD) diabetes progression group and both groups were treated with 0.5% BEZ (BEZ group) or standard diet (SD group) for 8 weeks. We analyzed plasma parameters, pancreatic beta-cell morphology, and mass as well as glucose metabolism of the BEZ-treated and control mice. Furthermore, liver fat content and composition as well as hepatic gluconeogenesis and mitochondrial mass were determined. RESULTS Plasma lipid and glucose levels were markedly reduced upon BEZ treatment, which was accompanied by elevated insulin sensitivity index as well as glucose tolerance, respectively. BEZ increased islet area in the pancreas. Furthermore, BEZ treatment improved energy expenditure and metabolic flexibility. In the liver, BEZ ameliorated steatosis, modified lipid composition and increased mitochondrial mass, which was accompanied by reduced hepatic gluconeogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Our data showed that BEZ ameliorates diabetes probably via reduced steatosis, enhanced hepatic mitochondrial mass, improved metabolic flexibility and elevated hepatic insulin sensitivity in TallyHo mice, suggesting that BEZ treatment could be beneficial for patients with NAFLD and impaired glucose metabolism.
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Key Words
- BEZ, Bezafibrate
- BG, blood glucose
- Bezafibrate
- ED, early onset of diabetes
- EM, electron microscopy
- FA, fatty acid
- Glucose metabolism
- HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance
- Insulin resistance
- LD, late onset of diabetes
- Lipid metabolism
- NAFLD
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NEFA, non-esterified fatty acid
- PPAR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
- RER, respiratory exchange ratios
- SD, standard diet
- T2D, type 2 diabetes
- TG, triglyceride
- qNMR, quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance
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Affiliation(s)
- Andras Franko
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Susanne Neschen
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jan Rozman
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Birgit Rathkolb
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität-München, Hackerstr. 27, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Michaela Aichler
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Feuchtinger
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Laura Brachthäuser
- Institute of Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Frauke Neff
- Institute of Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marketa Kovarova
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität-München, Hackerstr. 27, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Helmut Fuchs
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Peter
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 8, 85354 Freising, Germany.
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9
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Adam J, Brandmaier S, Leonhardt J, Scheerer MF, Mohney RP, Xu T, Bi J, Rotter M, Troll M, Chi S, Heier M, Herder C, Rathmann W, Giani G, Adamski J, Illig T, Strauch K, Li Y, Gieger C, Peters A, Suhre K, Ankerst D, Meitinger T, Hrabĕ de Angelis M, Roden M, Neschen S, Kastenmüller G, Wang-Sattler R. Metformin Effect on Nontargeted Metabolite Profiles in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and in Multiple Murine Tissues. Diabetes 2016; 65:3776-3785. [PMID: 27621107 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Metformin is the first-line oral medication to increase insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Our aim was to investigate the pleiotropic effect of metformin using a nontargeted metabolomics approach. We analyzed 353 metabolites in fasting serum samples of the population-based human KORA (Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg) follow-up survey 4 cohort. To compare T2D patients treated with metformin (mt-T2D, n = 74) and those without antidiabetes medication (ndt-T2D, n = 115), we used multivariable linear regression models in a cross-sectional study. We applied a generalized estimating equation to confirm the initial findings in longitudinal samples of 683 KORA participants. In a translational approach, we used murine plasma, liver, skeletal muscle, and epididymal adipose tissue samples from metformin-treated db/db mice to further corroborate our findings from the human study. We identified two metabolites significantly (P < 1.42E-04) associated with metformin treatment. Citrulline showed lower relative concentrations and an unknown metabolite X-21365 showed higher relative concentrations in human serum when comparing mt-T2D with ndt-T2D. Citrulline was confirmed to be significantly (P < 2.96E-04) decreased at 7-year follow-up in patients who started metformin treatment. In mice, we validated significantly (P < 4.52E-07) lower citrulline values in plasma, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue of metformin-treated animals but not in their liver. The lowered values of citrulline we observed by using a nontargeted approach most likely resulted from the pleiotropic effect of metformin on the interlocked urea and nitric oxide cycle. The translational data derived from multiple murine tissues corroborated and complemented the findings from the human cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Adam
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Brandmaier
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jörn Leonhardt
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Markus F Scheerer
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Tao Xu
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jie Bi
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Markus Rotter
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martina Troll
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Shen Chi
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Margit Heier
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Herder
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Rathmann
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Guido Giani
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Illig
- Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Institute for Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Yixue Li
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Karsten Suhre
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar (WCMC-Q), Education City-Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Donna Ankerst
- Lehrstuhl für Mathematische Modelle Biologischer Systeme, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabĕ de Angelis
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Susanne Neschen
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gabi Kastenmüller
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Rui Wang-Sattler
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
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10
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Franko A, Huypens P, Neschen S, Irmler M, Rozman J, Rathkolb B, Neff F, Prehn C, Dubois G, Baumann M, Massinger R, Gradinger D, Przemeck GKH, Repp B, Aichler M, Feuchtinger A, Schommers P, Stöhr O, Sanchez-Lasheras C, Adamski J, Peter A, Prokisch H, Beckers J, Walch AK, Fuchs H, Wolf E, Schubert M, Wiesner RJ, Hrabě de Angelis M. Bezafibrate Improves Insulin Sensitivity and Metabolic Flexibility in STZ-Induced Diabetic Mice. Diabetes 2016; 65:2540-52. [PMID: 27284107 DOI: 10.2337/db15-1670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Bezafibrate (BEZ), a pan activator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), has been generally used to treat hyperlipidemia for decades. Clinical trials with type 2 diabetes patients indicated that BEZ also has beneficial effects on glucose metabolism, although the underlying mechanisms of these effects remain elusive. Even less is known about a potential role for BEZ in treating type 1 diabetes. Here we show that BEZ markedly improves hyperglycemia and glucose and insulin tolerance in mice with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes, an insulin-deficient mouse model of type 1 diabetes. BEZ treatment of STZ mice significantly suppressed the hepatic expression of genes that are annotated in inflammatory processes, whereas the expression of PPAR and insulin target gene transcripts was increased. Furthermore, BEZ-treated mice also exhibited improved metabolic flexibility as well as an enhanced mitochondrial mass and function in the liver. Finally, we show that the number of pancreatic islets and the area of insulin-positive cells tended to be higher in BEZ-treated mice. Our data suggest that BEZ may improve impaired glucose metabolism by augmenting hepatic mitochondrial performance, suppressing hepatic inflammatory pathways, and improving insulin sensitivity and metabolic flexibility. Thus, BEZ treatment might also be useful for patients with impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andras Franko
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Peter Huypens
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Neschen
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Irmler
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jan Rozman
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Birgit Rathkolb
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität-München, Munich, Germany
| | - Frauke Neff
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany Institute of Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Prehn
- Genome Analysis Center, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Guillaume Dubois
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martina Baumann
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Rebecca Massinger
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Gradinger
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gerhard K H Przemeck
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Birgit Repp
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michaela Aichler
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Feuchtinger
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Schommers
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Köln, Cologne, Germany Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Oliver Stöhr
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine, University of Köln, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Jerzy Adamski
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany Genome Analysis Center, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Genetik, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Andreas Peter
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Beckers
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Axel K Walch
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Helmut Fuchs
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität-München, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Schubert
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine, University of Köln, Cologne, Germany Internal Medicine, SCIVIAS Hospital St. Josef, Rüdesheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Rudolf J Wiesner
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Köln, Cologne, Germany Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Köln, Cologne, Germany Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Köln, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
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11
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Brina D, Miluzio A, Ricciardi S, Clarke K, Davidsen PK, Viero G, Tebaldi T, Offenhäuser N, Rozman J, Rathkolb B, Neschen S, Klingenspor M, Wolf E, Gailus-Durner V, Fuchs H, Hrabe de Angelis M, Quattrone A, Falciani F, Biffo S. eIF6 coordinates insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism by coupling translation to transcription. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8261. [PMID: 26383020 PMCID: PMC4595657 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin regulates glycaemia, lipogenesis and increases mRNA translation. Cells with reduced eukaryotic initiation factor 6 (eIF6) do not increase translation in response to insulin. The role of insulin-regulated translation is unknown. Here we show that reduction of insulin-regulated translation in mice heterozygous for eIF6 results in normal glycaemia, but less blood cholesterol and triglycerides. eIF6 controls fatty acid synthesis and glycolysis in a cell autonomous fashion. eIF6 acts by exerting translational control of adipogenic transcription factors like C/EBPβ, C/EBPδ and ATF4 that have G/C rich or uORF sequences in their 5' UTR. The outcome of the translational activation by eIF6 is a reshaping of gene expression with increased levels of lipogenic and glycolytic enzymes. Finally, eIF6 levels modulate histone acetylation and amounts of rate-limiting fatty acid synthase (Fasn) mRNA. Since obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cancer require a Fasn-driven lipogenic state, we propose that eIF6 could be a therapeutic target for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Brina
- INGM, ‘Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', 20122 Milano, Italy
| | | | | | - Kim Clarke
- Centre for Computational Biology and Modeling, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Peter K. Davidsen
- Centre for Computational Biology and Modeling, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Gabriella Viero
- Institute of Biophysics, 38123 Trento, Italy
- Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Toma Tebaldi
- Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | | | - Jan Rozman
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Birgit Rathkolb
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Neschen
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Else Kröner-Fresenius Center, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Valerie Gailus-Durner
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Helmut Fuchs
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabe de Angelis
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Francesco Falciani
- Centre for Computational Biology and Modeling, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Stefano Biffo
- INGM, ‘Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', 20122 Milano, Italy
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
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12
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Schäfer A, Neschen S, Kahle M, Sarioglu H, Gaisbauer T, Imhof A, Adamski J, Hauck SM, Ueffing M. The Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acid Pathway Enhances Hepatic Insulin Signaling and is Repressed in Insulin-Resistant Mouse Liver. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 14:2764-74. [PMID: 26070664 PMCID: PMC4597150 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.049064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is widely accepted that ectopic lipid accumulation in the liver is associated with hepatic insulin resistance, the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been well characterized. Here we employed time resolved quantitative proteomic profiling of mice fed a high fat diet to determine which pathways were affected during the transition of the liver to an insulin-resistant state. We identified several metabolic pathways underlying altered protein expression. In order to test the functional impact of a critical subset of these alterations, we focused on the epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) eicosanoid pathway, whose deregulation coincided with the onset of hepatic insulin resistance. These results suggested that EETs may be positive modulators of hepatic insulin signaling. Analyzing EET activity in primary hepatocytes, we found that EETs enhance insulin signaling on the level of Akt. In contrast, EETs did not influence insulin receptor or insulin receptor substrate-1 phosphorylation. This effect was mediated through the eicosanoids, as overexpression of the deregulated enzymes in absence of arachidonic acid had no impact on insulin signaling. The stimulation of insulin signaling by EETs and depression of the pathway in insulin resistant liver suggest a likely role in hepatic insulin resistance. Our findings support therapeutic potential for inhibiting EET degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schäfer
- From the ‡Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Germany, Ingolstädter Landstr.1 8674 Neuherberg; §German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Neschen
- §German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; ¶Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Germany, Ingolstädter Landstr.1 8674 Neuherberg
| | - Melanie Kahle
- §German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; ¶Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Germany, Ingolstädter Landstr.1 8674 Neuherberg
| | - Hakan Sarioglu
- From the ‡Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Germany, Ingolstädter Landstr.1 8674 Neuherberg; §German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Gaisbauer
- §German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; ¶Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Germany, Ingolstädter Landstr.1 8674 Neuherberg
| | - Axel Imhof
- ‖Munich Center of Integrated Protein Science, Adolf-Butenandt Institute, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Germany, Schillerstraβe 44, 80336 Munich
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- §German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; ¶Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Germany, Ingolstädter Landstr.1 8674 Neuherberg; **Institute of Experimental Genetics, Technical University Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Stefanie M Hauck
- From the ‡Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Germany, Ingolstädter Landstr.1 8674 Neuherberg; §German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany;
| | - Marius Ueffing
- From the ‡Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Germany, Ingolstädter Landstr.1 8674 Neuherberg; §German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; ‡‡Centre of Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Germany, Röntgenweg 11,72076 Tübingen
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13
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Rozman J, Rathkolb B, Neschen S, Fuchs H, Gailus-Durner V, Klingenspor M, Wolf E, Hrabě de Angelis M. Glucose tolerance tests for systematic screening of glucose homeostasis in mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 5:65-84. [PMID: 25727201 DOI: 10.1002/9780470942390.mo140111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This article presents a detailed description of intraperitoneal and oral glucose tolerance tests in mice. The former is widely used in initial high-throughput phenotyping of mutant mice to assess a diabetic phenotype and alterations in glucose homeostasis. Each protocol provides a comprehensive description of each step in the workflow, including variation of the standard protocol under particular circumstances (e.g., sensitivity to food deprivation, excessive deviations in body composition, or need for extra blood samples for additional analyses). We also describe how reduction of body mass and body temperature can be used as additional readouts to monitor metabolic function in response to food deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Rozman
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, German Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Research Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Birgit Rathkolb
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, German Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Research Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Susanne Neschen
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, German Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Research Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Helmut Fuchs
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, German Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Valérie Gailus-Durner
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, German Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Else-Kröner Fresenius Center for Food Sciences & ZIEL-Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, German Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Research Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Experimental Genetics, Life and Food Science Center Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.,Corresponding author: Martin Hrabě de Angelis
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14
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Neschen S, Scheerer M, Seelig A, Huypens P, Schultheiss J, Wu M, Wurst W, Rathkolb B, Suhre K, Wolf E, Beckers J, Hrabé de Angelis M. Metformin supports the antidiabetic effect of a sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor by suppressing endogenous glucose production in diabetic mice. Diabetes 2015; 64:284-90. [PMID: 25071027 DOI: 10.2337/db14-0393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Combined use of metformin and a sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2I) is a promising treatment strategy for type 2 diabetes. The mechanism by which combination treatment provides better glycemic control than metformin or SGLT2I monotherapy remains elusive. Therefore, we investigated the physiological mechanism by which both compounds lower blood glucose concentrations in diabetic mice. We compared the potential of metformin and the SGLT2I AVE2268 alone or in combination to mitigate hyperglycemia and modulate glucose fluxes in db/db and diabetic Tallyho/JngJ mice. SGLT2I treatment alone elicited a rapid decline in circulating blood glucose levels, which appeared to induce endogenous glucose production. Supplementation of metformin dampened this counterresponse, and therefore, combination therapy more efficiently maintained glycemic control. Finally, combination treatment blunted postprandial glucose excursions and improved HbA1c levels within 2 weeks. We conclude that coapplication of metformin enhances the glucose-lowering actions of SGLT2I by restraining endogenous glucose production, which may provide long-term improvement of glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Glucose/biosynthesis
- Glucose Clamp Technique
- Glucosides/pharmacology
- Glycated Hemoglobin/metabolism
- Hyperglycemia/drug therapy
- Hyperglycemia/metabolism
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Metformin/pharmacology
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Obese
- Obesity/metabolism
- Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2/metabolism
- Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Neschen
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Scheerer
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
| | - Anett Seelig
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Huypens
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schultheiss
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
| | - Moya Wu
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany Technische Universität München-Weihenstephan, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Birgit Rathkolb
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
| | - Karsten Suhre
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City-Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Beckers
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany Technische Universität München-Weihenstephan, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabé de Angelis
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany Technische Universität München-Weihenstephan, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
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15
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Kahle M, Schäfer A, Seelig A, Schultheiß J, Wu M, Aichler M, Leonhardt J, Rathkolb B, Rozman J, Sarioglu H, Hauck SM, Ueffing M, Wolf E, Kastenmueller G, Adamski J, Walch A, Hrabé de Angelis M, Neschen S. High fat diet-induced modifications in membrane lipid and mitochondrial-membrane protein signatures precede the development of hepatic insulin resistance in mice. Mol Metab 2014; 4:39-50. [PMID: 25685688 PMCID: PMC4314525 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Excess lipid intake has been implicated in the pathophysiology of hepatosteatosis and hepatic insulin resistance. Lipids constitute approximately 50% of the cell membrane mass, define membrane properties, and create microenvironments for membrane-proteins. In this study we aimed to resolve temporal alterations in membrane metabolite and protein signatures during high-fat diet (HF)-mediated development of hepatic insulin resistance. Methods We induced hepatosteatosis by feeding C3HeB/FeJ male mice an HF enriched with long-chain polyunsaturated C18:2n6 fatty acids for 7, 14, or 21 days. Longitudinal changes in hepatic insulin sensitivity were assessed via the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp, in membrane lipids via t-metabolomics- and membrane proteins via quantitative proteomics-analyses, and in hepatocyte morphology via electron microscopy. Data were compared to those of age- and litter-matched controls maintained on a low-fat diet. Results Excess long-chain polyunsaturated C18:2n6 intake for 7 days did not compromise hepatic insulin sensitivity, however, induced hepatosteatosis and modified major membrane lipid constituent signatures in liver, e.g. increased total unsaturated, long-chain fatty acid-containing acyl-carnitine or membrane-associated diacylglycerol moieties and decreased total short-chain acyl-carnitines, glycerophosphocholines, lysophosphatidylcholines, or sphingolipids. Hepatic insulin sensitivity tended to decrease within 14 days HF-exposure. Overt hepatic insulin resistance developed until day 21 of HF-intervention and was accompanied by morphological mitochondrial abnormalities and indications for oxidative stress in liver. HF-feeding progressively decreased the abundance of protein-components of all mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, inner and outer mitochondrial membrane substrate transporters independent from the hepatocellular mitochondrial volume in liver. Conclusions We assume HF-induced modifications in membrane lipid- and protein-signatures prior to and during changes in hepatic insulin action in liver alter membrane properties – in particular those of mitochondria which are highly abundant in hepatocytes. In turn, a progressive decrease in the abundance of mitochondrial membrane proteins throughout HF-exposure likely impacts on mitochondrial energy metabolism, substrate exchange across mitochondrial membranes, contributes to oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, and the development of insulin resistance in liver.
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Key Words
- 2-[14C]DG, 2-[1-14C]deoxyglucose
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AUC, area under the curve
- B, basal
- Basal, 17 h fasting
- Clamp
- DAG, diacylglycerol
- Diabetes
- EGP, endogenous (hepatic) glucose production
- GIR, glucose infusion rate
- HF, high-fat diet
- Hepatosteatosis
- IS, insulin-stimulated
- LF, low-fat diet
- Metabolomics
- Mitochondria
- NEFA, non-esterified fatty acids
- PCaa, diacylglycerophosphocholine
- PCae, glycerophosphocholine
- Proteomics
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Ra, rate of appearance
- Rd, rate of disappearance
- Rg, glucose metabolic index
- SM, sphingolipid
- TAG, triacylglycerol
- WAT, white adipose tissue
- lysoPC, lysophosphatidylcholines
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kahle
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Munich, Germany ; Member of German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Munich, Germany
| | - A Schäfer
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Munich, Germany ; Member of German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Munich, Germany
| | - A Seelig
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Munich, Germany
| | - J Schultheiß
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Munich, Germany ; Member of German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Munich, Germany
| | - M Wu
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Munich, Germany ; Member of German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Munich, Germany
| | - M Aichler
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Munich, Germany
| | - J Leonhardt
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Munich, Germany
| | - B Rathkolb
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Munich, Germany ; Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor Lynen-Straße 25, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - J Rozman
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Munich, Germany ; Member of German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Munich, Germany
| | - H Sarioglu
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Munich, Germany
| | - S M Hauck
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Munich, Germany ; Member of German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Munich, Germany
| | - M Ueffing
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Munich, Germany ; Member of German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Munich, Germany
| | - E Wolf
- Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor Lynen-Straße 25, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - G Kastenmueller
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Munich, Germany
| | - J Adamski
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Munich, Germany ; Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Munich, Germany
| | - A Walch
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Munich, Germany
| | - M Hrabé de Angelis
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Munich, Germany ; German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Munich, Germany ; Member of German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Munich, Germany
| | - S Neschen
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Munich, Germany ; German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Munich, Germany ; Member of German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Munich, Germany
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16
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Walker A, Lucio M, Pfitzner B, Scheerer MF, Neschen S, de Angelis MH, Hartmann A, Schmitt-Kopplin P. Importance of sulfur-containing metabolites in discriminating fecal extracts between normal and type-2 diabetic mice. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:4220-31. [PMID: 24991707 DOI: 10.1021/pr500046b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A metabolic disorder such as Type-2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex disease induced by genetic, environmental, and nutritional factors. The db/db mouse model, bearing a nonfunctional leptin receptor, is widely used to investigate the pathophysiology of T2DM. Fecal extracts of db/db and wild-type littermates were studied to unravel a broad spectrum of new and relevant metabolites related to T2DM as proxies of the interplay of gut microbiome and murine metabolomes. The nontargeted metabolomics approach consists of an integrated analytical concept of high-resolution mass spectrometry FT-ICR-MS, followed by UPLC-TOF-MS/MS experiments. We demonstrate that a metabolic disorder such as T2DM affects the gastrointestinal tract environment, thereby influencing different metabolic pathways and their respective metabolites in diabetic mice. Fatty acids, bile acids concerning cholic and deoxycholic acid, and steroid metabolism were highly discriminative comparing fecal meta-metabolomes of wt and db/db mice. Furthermore, sulfur-(S)-containing metabolites including N-acyl taurines were altered in diabetic mice, enabling us to focus on S-containing metabolites, especially the sulfate and taurine conjugates of bile and fatty acids. Different sulfate containing bile acids including sulfocholic acid, oxocholic acid sulfate, taurocholic acid sulfate, and cyprinol sulfate were significantly altered in diabetic mice. Moreover, we identified 12 new sulfate and taurine conjugates of hydroxylated fatty acids with significant importance in T2DM metabolism in db/db mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alesia Walker
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH) , Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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17
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Walker A, Pfitzner B, Neschen S, Kahle M, Harir M, Lucio M, Moritz F, Tziotis D, Witting M, Rothballer M, Engel M, Schmid M, Endesfelder D, Klingenspor M, Rattei T, Castell WZ, de Angelis MH, Hartmann A, Schmitt-Kopplin P. Distinct signatures of host-microbial meta-metabolome and gut microbiome in two C57BL/6 strains under high-fat diet. ISME J 2014; 8:2380-96. [PMID: 24906017 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2014.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A combinatory approach using metabolomics and gut microbiome analysis techniques was performed to unravel the nature and specificity of metabolic profiles related to gut ecology in obesity. This study focused on gut and liver metabolomics of two different mouse strains, the C57BL/6J (C57J) and the C57BL/6N (C57N) fed with high-fat diet (HFD) for 3 weeks, causing diet-induced obesity in C57N, but not in C57J mice. Furthermore, a 16S-ribosomal RNA comparative sequence analysis using 454 pyrosequencing detected significant differences between the microbiome of the two strains on phylum level for Firmicutes, Deferribacteres and Proteobacteria that propose an essential role of the microbiome in obesity susceptibility. Gut microbial and liver metabolomics were followed by a combinatory approach using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) and ultra performance liquid chromatography time of tlight MS/MS with subsequent multivariate statistical analysis, revealing distinctive host and microbial metabolome patterns between the C57J and the C57N strain. Many taurine-conjugated bile acids (TBAs) were significantly elevated in the cecum and decreased in liver samples from the C57J phenotype likely displaying different energy utilization behavior by the bacterial community and the host. Furthermore, several metabolite groups could specifically be associated with the C57N phenotype involving fatty acids, eicosanoids and urobilinoids. The mass differences based metabolite network approach enabled to extend the range of known metabolites to important bile acids (BAs) and novel taurine conjugates specific for both strains. In summary, our study showed clear alterations of the metabolome in the gastrointestinal tract and liver within a HFD-induced obesity mouse model in relation to the host-microbial nutritional adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alesia Walker
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Pfitzner
- Research Unit Microbe-Plant Interactions, Research Group Molecular Microbial Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Neschen
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Melanie Kahle
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mourad Harir
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marianna Lucio
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Franco Moritz
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Tziotis
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Witting
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Rothballer
- Research Unit Microbe-Plant Interactions, Research Group Molecular Microbial Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marion Engel
- Research Unit Environmental Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Schmid
- Research Unit Microbe-Plant Interactions, Research Group Molecular Microbial Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - David Endesfelder
- Scientific Computing Research Unit, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Technische Universität München, Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Else Kröner-Fresenius Center and ZIEL Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Thomas Rattei
- Department of Computational Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Zu Castell
- Scientific Computing Research Unit, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabé de Angelis
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anton Hartmann
- Research Unit Microbe-Plant Interactions, Research Group Molecular Microbial Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- 1] Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany [2] Technische Universität München, Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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18
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Franko A, von Kleist-Retzow JC, Neschen S, Wu M, Schommers P, Böse M, Kunze A, Hartmann U, Sanchez-Lasheras C, Stoehr O, Huntgeburth M, Brodesser S, Irmler M, Beckers J, de Angelis MH, Paulsson M, Schubert M, Wiesner RJ. Liver adapts mitochondrial function to insulin resistant and diabetic states in mice. J Hepatol 2014; 60:816-23. [PMID: 24291365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS To determine if diabetic and insulin-resistant states cause mitochondrial dysfunction in liver or if there is long term adaptation of mitochondrial function to these states, mice were (i) fed with a high-fat diet to induce obesity and T2D (HFD), (ii) had a genetic defect in insulin signaling causing whole body insulin resistance, but not full blown T2D (IR/IRS-1(+/-) mice), or (iii) were analyzed after treatment with streptozocin (STZ) to induce a T1D-like state. METHODS Hepatic lipid levels were measured by thin layer chromatography. Mitochondrial respiratory chain (RC) levels and function were determined by Western blot, spectrophotometric, oxygen consumption and proton motive force analysis. Gene expression was analyzed by real-time PCR and microarray. RESULTS HFD caused insulin resistance and hepatic lipid accumulation, but RC was largely unchanged. Livers from insulin resistant IR/IRS-1(+/-) mice had normal lipid contents and a normal RC, but mitochondria were less well coupled. Livers from severely hyperglycemic and hypoinsulinemic STZ mice had massively depleted lipid levels, but RC abundance was unchanged. However, liver mitochondria isolated from these animals showed increased abundance and activity of the RC, which was better coupled. CONCLUSIONS Insulin resistance, induced either by obesity or genetic manipulation and steatosis do not cause mitochondrial dysfunction in mouse liver. Also, mitochondrial dysfunction is not a prerequisite for liver steatosis. However, severe insulin deficiency and high blood glucose levels lead to an enhanced performance and better coupling of the RC. This may represent an adaptation to fuel overload and the high energy-requirement of an unsuppressed gluconeogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andras Franko
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Köln, 50931 Köln, Germany; Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen-Christoph von Kleist-Retzow
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Köln, 50931 Köln, Germany; Department of Pediatrics, University of Köln, 50924 Köln, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, CMMC, University of Köln, 50931 Köln, Germany
| | - Susanne Neschen
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Moya Wu
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Schommers
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Köln, 50931 Köln, Germany
| | - Marlen Böse
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Köln, 50931 Köln, Germany
| | - Alexander Kunze
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Köln, 50931 Köln, Germany
| | - Ursula Hartmann
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Köln, 50931 Köln, Germany
| | - Carmen Sanchez-Lasheras
- Department of Mouse Genetics and Metabolism, Institute for Genetics, University of Köln, 50674 Köln, Germany
| | - Oliver Stoehr
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine, University of Köln, 50937 Köln, Germany
| | - Michael Huntgeburth
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Köln, 50937 Köln, Germany
| | - Susanne Brodesser
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Köln, 50935 Köln, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), 50674 Köln, Germany
| | - Martin Irmler
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Beckers
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Technische Universität München, WZW - Center of Life and Food Science Weihenstephan, Chair of Experimental Genetics, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabé de Angelis
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Technische Universität München, WZW - Center of Life and Food Science Weihenstephan, Chair of Experimental Genetics, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Mats Paulsson
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, CMMC, University of Köln, 50931 Köln, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, University of Köln, 50931 Köln, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), 50674 Köln, Germany
| | - Markus Schubert
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, CMMC, University of Köln, 50931 Köln, Germany; Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine, University of Köln, 50937 Köln, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), 50674 Köln, Germany.
| | - Rudolf J Wiesner
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Köln, 50931 Köln, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, CMMC, University of Köln, 50931 Köln, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), 50674 Köln, Germany.
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19
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Ly A, Scheerer MF, Zukunft S, Muschet C, Merl J, Adamski J, Hrabě de Angelis M, Neschen S, Hauck SM, Ueffing M. Retinal proteome alterations in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2014; 57:192-203. [PMID: 24078137 PMCID: PMC3855476 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-3070-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Diabetic retinopathy is a major complication of type 2 diabetes and the leading cause of blindness in adults of working age. Neuronal defects are known to occur early in disease, but the source of this dysfunction is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine differences in the retinal membrane proteome among non-diabetic mice and mouse models of diabetes either with or without metformin treatment. METHODS Alterations in the retinal membrane proteome of 10-week-old diabetic db/db mice, diabetic db/db mice orally treated with the anti-hyperglycaemic metformin, and congenic wild-type littermates were examined using label-free mass spectrometry. Pathway enrichment analysis was completed with Genomatix and Ingenuity. Alterations in Slc17a7 mRNA and vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1) protein expression were evaluated using real-time quantitative PCR and IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE. RESULTS A total of 98 proteins were significantly differentially abundant between db/db and wild-type animals. Pathway enrichment analysis indicated decreases in levels of proteins related to synaptic transmission and cell signalling. Metformin treatment produced 63 differentially abundant proteins compared with untreated db/db mice, of which only 43 proteins were found to occur in both datasets, suggesting that treatment only partially normalises the alterations induced by diabetes. VGLUT1, which is responsible for loading glutamate into synaptic vesicles, was found to be differentially abundant in db/db mice and was not normalised by metformin. The decrease in Slc17a7/VGLUT1 was confirmed by transcriptomic and immunocytochemical analysis. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These findings expand the knowledge of the protein changes in diabetic retinopathy and suggest that membrane-associated signalling proteins are susceptible to changes that are partially ameliorated by treatment
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Ly
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Markus F. Scheerer
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sven Zukunft
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- Genome Analysis Center, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Caroline Muschet
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- Genome Analysis Center, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Juliane Merl
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- Genome Analysis Center, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephan, Freising, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephan, Freising, Germany
| | - Susanne Neschen
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie M. Hauck
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marius Ueffing
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- Center of Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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20
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Ly-Verdú S, Schaefer A, Kahle M, Groeger T, Neschen S, Arteaga-Salas JM, Ueffing M, de Angelis MH, Zimmermann R. The impact of blood on liver metabolite profiling - a combined metabolomic and proteomic approach. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 28:231-40. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saray Ly-Verdú
- Helmholtz Center Munich; Comprehensive Molecular Analytics; Munich Germany
| | - Alexander Schaefer
- Helmholtz Center Munich; Research Unit Protein Science (PROT); Munich Germany
| | - Melanie Kahle
- Helmholtz Center Munich; Institute of Experimental Genetics; Munich Germany
| | - Thomas Groeger
- Helmholtz Center Munich; Comprehensive Molecular Analytics; Munich Germany
| | - Susanne Neschen
- Helmholtz Center Munich; Institute of Experimental Genetics; Munich Germany
| | | | - Marius Ueffing
- Helmholtz Center Munich; Research Unit Protein Science (PROT); Munich Germany
| | | | - Ralf Zimmermann
- Helmholtz Center Munich; Comprehensive Molecular Analytics; Munich Germany
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21
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Kahle M, Horsch M, Fridrich B, Seelig A, Schultheiß J, Leonhardt J, Irmler M, Beckers J, Rathkolb B, Wolf E, Franke N, Gailus-Durner V, Fuchs H, de Angelis MH, Neschen S. Phenotypic comparison of common mouse strains developing high-fat diet-induced hepatosteatosis. Mol Metab 2013; 2:435-46. [PMID: 24327959 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2013.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic predisposition and environmental factors contribute to an individual's susceptibility to develop hepatosteatosis. In a systematic, comparative survey we focused on genotype-dependent and -independent adaptations early in the pathogenesis of hepatosteatosis by characterizing C3HeB/FeJ, C57BL/6NTac, C57BL/6J, and 129P2/OlaHsd mice after 7, 14, or 21 days high-fat-diet exposure. Strain-specific metabolic responses during diet challenge and liver transcript signatures in mild hepatosteatosis outline the suitability of particular strains for investigating the relationship between hepatocellular lipid content and inflammation, glucose homeostasis, insulin action, or organelle physiology. Genetic background-independent transcriptional adaptations in liver paralleling hepatosteatosis suggest an early increase in the organ's vulnerability to oxidative stress damage what could advance hepatosteatosis to steatohepatitis. "Universal" adaptations in transcript signatures and transcription factor regulation in liver link insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cancer, and thyroid hormone metabolism with hepatosteatosis, hence, facilitating the search for novel molecular mechanisms potentially implicated in the pathogenesis of human non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease.
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Key Words
- 129, 129P2/OlaHsd
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- B6J, C57BL/6J
- B6N, C57BL/6NTac
- C3H, C3HeB/FeJ
- Cancer
- HDL, high-density lipoprotein
- HFD, high-fat diet
- IR, insulin resistance
- Inflammation
- Insulin resistance
- LDL, low-density lipoprotein
- LFD, low fat rodent laboratory diet
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH, non-alcoholic hepatosteatitis
- Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- Oxidative stress
- T2D, type 2 diabetes mellitus
- TAG, triacylglycerol
- Thyroid metabolism
- VLDL, very low density lipoprotein
- WAT, white adipose tissue
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Kahle
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg/Munich, Germany ; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
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22
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von Toerne C, Kahle M, Schäfer A, Ispiryan R, Blindert M, Hrabe De Angelis M, Neschen S, Ueffing M, Hauck SM. Apoe, Mbl2, and Psp Plasma Protein Levels Correlate with Diabetic Phenotype in NZO Mice—An Optimized Rapid Workflow for SRM-Based Quantification. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:1331-43. [DOI: 10.1021/pr3009836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marius Ueffing
- Centre of Ophthalmology, Institute
for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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23
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Schäfer A, von Toerne C, Becker S, Sarioglu H, Neschen S, Kahle M, Hauck SM, Ueffing M. Two-Dimensional Peptide Separation Improving Sensitivity of Selected Reaction Monitoring-Based Quantitative Proteomics in Mouse Liver Tissue: Comparing Off-Gel Electrophoresis and Strong Cation Exchange Chromatography. Anal Chem 2012; 84:8853-62. [DOI: 10.1021/ac3023026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schäfer
- Research Unit Protein Science,
Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christine von Toerne
- Research Unit Protein Science,
Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Silke Becker
- Research Unit Protein Science,
Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hakan Sarioglu
- Research Unit Protein Science,
Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Neschen
- Institute of Experimental Genetics,
Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Melanie Kahle
- Institute of Experimental Genetics,
Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie M. Hauck
- Research Unit Protein Science,
Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marius Ueffing
- Research Unit Protein Science,
Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- Centre of Ophthalmology, Institute
for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Fuchs H, Gailus-Durner V, Neschen S, Adler T, Afonso LC, Aguilar-Pimentel JA, Becker L, Bohla A, Calzada-Wack J, Cohrs C, Dewert A, Fridrich B, Garrett L, Glasl L, Götz A, Hans W, Hölter SM, Horsch M, Hurt A, Janas E, Janik D, Kahle M, Kistler M, Klein-Rodewald T, Lengger C, Ludwig T, Maier H, Marschall S, Micklich K, Möller G, Naton B, Prehn C, Puk O, Rácz I, Räss M, Rathkolb B, Rozman J, Scheerer M, Schiller E, Schrewe A, Steinkamp R, Stöger C, Sun M, Szymczak W, Treise I, Vargas Panesso IL, Vernaleken AM, Willershäuser M, Wolff-Muscate A, Zeh R, Adamski J, Beckers J, Bekeredjian R, Busch DH, Eickelberg O, Favor J, Graw J, Höfler H, Höschen C, Katus H, Klingenspor M, Klopstock T, Neff F, Ollert M, Schulz H, Stöger T, Wolf E, Wurst W, Yildirim AÖ, Zimmer A, Hrabě de Angelis M. Innovations in phenotyping of mouse models in the German Mouse Clinic. Mamm Genome 2012; 23:611-22. [PMID: 22926221 PMCID: PMC3463795 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-012-9415-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Under the label of the German Mouse Clinic (GMC), a concept has been developed and implemented that allows the better understanding of human diseases on the pathophysiological and molecular level. This includes better understanding of the crosstalk between different organs, pleiotropy of genes, and the systemic impact of envirotypes and drugs. In the GMC, experts from various fields of mouse genetics and physiology, in close collaboration with clinicians, work side by side under one roof. The GMC is an open-access platform for the scientific community by providing phenotypic analysis in bilateral collaborations ("bottom-up projects") and as a partner and driver in international large-scale biology projects ("top-down projects"). Furthermore, technology development is a major topic in the GMC. Innovative techniques for primary and secondary screens are developed and implemented into the phenotyping pipelines (e.g., detection of volatile organic compounds, VOCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Fuchs
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
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Kiefer FW, Neschen S, Pfau B, Legerer B, Neuhofer A, Kahle M, Hrabé de Angelis M, Schlederer M, Mair M, Kenner L, Plutzky J, Zeyda M, Stulnig TM. Osteopontin deficiency protects against obesity-induced hepatic steatosis and attenuates glucose production in mice. Diabetologia 2011; 54:2132-42. [PMID: 21562757 PMCID: PMC3131508 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-011-2170-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2010] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Obesity is strongly associated with the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The cytokine osteopontin (OPN) was recently shown to be involved in obesity-induced adipose tissue inflammation and reduced insulin response. Accumulating evidence links OPN to the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Here we aimed to identify the role of OPN in obesity-associated hepatic steatosis and impaired hepatic glucose metabolism. METHODS Wild-type (WT) and Opn (also known as Spp1) knockout (Opn (-/-)) mice were fed a high-fat or low-fat diet to study OPN effects in obesity-driven hepatic alterations. RESULTS We show that genetic OPN deficiency protected from obesity-induced hepatic steatosis, at least in part, by downregulating hepatic triacylglycerol synthesis. Conversely, absence of OPN promoted fat storage in adipose tissue thereby preventing the obesity-induced shift to ectopic fat accumulation in the liver. Euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp studies revealed that insulin resistance and excess hepatic glucose production in obesity were significantly attenuated in Opn (-/-) mice. OPN deficiency markedly improved hepatic insulin signalling as shown by enhanced insulin receptor substrate-2 phosphorylation and prevented upregulation of the major hepatic transcription factor Forkhead box O1 and its gluconeogenic target genes. In addition, obesity-driven hepatic inflammation and macrophage accumulation was blocked by OPN deficiency. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our data strongly emphasise OPN as mediator of obesity-associated hepatic alterations including steatosis, inflammation, insulin resistance and excess gluconeogenesis. Targeting OPN action could therefore provide a novel therapeutic strategy to prevent obesity-related complications such as NAFLD and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. W. Kiefer
- Department of Medicine III, Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - S. Neschen
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - B. Pfau
- Department of Medicine III, Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - B. Legerer
- Department of Medicine III, Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - A. Neuhofer
- Department of Medicine III, Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - M. Kahle
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - M. Hrabé de Angelis
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - M. Schlederer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - M. Mair
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - L. Kenner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - J. Plutzky
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital Boston, Cardiovascular Division, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - M. Zeyda
- Department of Medicine III, Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - T. M. Stulnig
- Department of Medicine III, Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Kluth O, Mirhashemi F, Scherneck S, Kaiser D, Kluge R, Neschen S, Joost HG, Schürmann A. Dissociation of lipotoxicity and glucotoxicity in a mouse model of obesity associated diabetes: role of forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) in glucose-induced beta cell failure. Diabetologia 2011; 54:605-16. [PMID: 21107520 PMCID: PMC3034032 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-010-1973-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Carbohydrate-free diet prevents hyperglycaemia and beta cell destruction in the New Zealand Obese (NZO) mouse model. Here we have used a sequential dietary regimen to dissociate the effects of obesity and hyperglycaemia on beta cell function and integrity, and to study glucose-induced alterations of key transcription factors over 16 days. METHODS Mice were rendered obese by feeding a carbohydrate-free diet for 18 weeks. Thereafter, a carbohydrate-containing diet was given. Plasma glucose, plasma insulin and total pancreatic insulin were determined, and forkhead box O1 protein (FOXO1) phosphorylation and the transcription factors pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1), NK6 homeobox 1 protein (NKX6.1) and v-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene family, protein A (avian) (MAFA) were monitored by immunohistochemistry for 16 days. RESULTS Dietary carbohydrates produced a rapid and continuous increase in plasma glucose in NZO mice between day 2 and 16 after the dietary challenge. Hyperglycaemia caused a dramatic dephosphorylation of FOXO1 at day 2, followed by a progressive depletion of insulin stores. The loss of beta cells was triggered by apoptosis (detectable at day 8), associated with reduction of crucial transcription factors (PDX1, NKX6.1 and MAFA). Incubation of isolated islets from carbohydrate-restricted NZO mice or MIN6 cells with palmitate and glucose for 48 h resulted in a dephosphorylation of FOXO1 and thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 (AKT) without changing the protein levels of both proteins. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The dietary regimen dissociates the effects of obesity (lipotoxicity) from those of hyperglycaemia (glucotoxicity) in NZO mice. Obese NZO mice are unable to compensate for the carbohydrate challenge by increasing insulin secretion or synthesising adequate amounts of insulin. In response to the hyperglycaemia, FOXO1 is dephosphorylated, leading to reduced levels of beta cell-specific transcription factors and to apoptosis of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. Kluth
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - F. Mirhashemi
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - S. Scherneck
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - D. Kaiser
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - R. Kluge
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - S. Neschen
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - H.-G. Joost
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - A. Schürmann
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
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Mirhashemi F, Scherneck S, Kluth O, Kaiser D, Vogel H, Kluge R, Schürmann A, Neschen S, Joost HG. Diet dependence of diabetes in the New Zealand Obese (NZO) mouse: total fat, but not fat quality or sucrose accelerates and aggravates diabetes. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2010; 119:167-71. [PMID: 20827663 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1263127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and diabetes in mice can be modified by dietary variables. Here we systematically analysed the effect of the sucrose and fat content and of the fat quality in New Zealand Obese mice, a mouse model of the metabolic syndrome. RESULTS Male NZO mice fed a semi-purified diet with sucrose exhibited an identical weight gain and diabetes incidence as controls without sucrose. In contrast, mice on a chow diet gained weight more slowly and developed diabetes approximately 10 weeks later than those on the semi-purified diet (energy density 3.05 vs. 3.85 kcal/g; fibre content 12.9 vs. 4.7%). In a second experimental series, neither the fat content (10 vs. 40% of the total energy) nor the quality of the fat (lard, safflower oil, or fish oil) of semi-purified diets modified weight gain. However, diabetes started approximately 2 weeks earlier and appeared more severe (blood glucose 30 vs. 20 mmol/l at week 13) in the high-fat diet group (energy density 4.58 kcal/g; fibre content 5.7%). CONCLUSIONS Obesity in NZO mice develops independent of the dietary sucrose or fat content, and of the fat quality. However, the dietary fat content accelerates the onset of diabetes without enhancing adiposity. In contrast, chow diet exerts an anti-adipogenic/anti-diabetogenic effect that appears to be due to its lower caloric density and/or its higher fibre content.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mirhashemi
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Department of Pharmacology, Nuthetal, Germany
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Fuchs H, Gailus-Durner V, Adler T, Aguilar-Pimentel JA, Becker L, Calzada-Wack J, Da Silva-Buttkus P, Neff F, Götz A, Hans W, Hölter SM, Horsch M, Kastenmüller G, Kemter E, Lengger C, Maier H, Matloka M, Möller G, Naton B, Prehn C, Puk O, Rácz I, Rathkolb B, Römisch-Margl W, Rozman J, Wang-Sattler R, Schrewe A, Stöger C, Tost M, Adamski J, Aigner B, Beckers J, Behrendt H, Busch DH, Esposito I, Graw J, Illig T, Ivandic B, Klingenspor M, Klopstock T, Kremmer E, Mempel M, Neschen S, Ollert M, Schulz H, Suhre K, Wolf E, Wurst W, Zimmer A, Hrabě de Angelis M. Mouse phenotyping. Methods 2010; 53:120-35. [PMID: 20708688 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2010.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Revised: 08/06/2010] [Accepted: 08/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Model organisms like the mouse are important tools to learn more about gene function in man. Within the last 20 years many mutant mouse lines have been generated by different methods such as ENU mutagenesis, constitutive and conditional knock-out approaches, knock-down, introduction of human genes, and knock-in techniques, thus creating models which mimic human conditions. Due to pleiotropic effects, one gene may have different functions in different organ systems or time points during development. Therefore mutant mouse lines have to be phenotyped comprehensively in a highly standardized manner to enable the detection of phenotypes which might otherwise remain hidden. The German Mouse Clinic (GMC) has been established at the Helmholtz Zentrum München as a phenotyping platform with open access to the scientific community (www.mousclinic.de; [1]). The GMC is a member of the EUMODIC consortium which created the European standard workflow EMPReSSslim for the systemic phenotyping of mouse models (http://www.eumodic.org/[2]).
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Fuchs
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 München/Neuherberg, Germany
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Zhang D, Christianson J, Liu ZX, Tian L, Choi CS, Neschen S, Dong J, Wood PA, Shulman GI. Resistance to high-fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in mice with very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. Cell Metab 2010; 11:402-11. [PMID: 20444420 PMCID: PMC3146169 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2010.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2009] [Revised: 10/18/2009] [Accepted: 03/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation provides an important energy source for cellular metabolism, and decreased mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Paradoxically, mice with an inherited deficiency of the mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation enzyme, very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD), were protected from high-fat diet-induced obesity and liver and muscle insulin resistance. This was associated with reduced intracellular diacylglycerol content and decreased activity of liver protein kinase Cvarepsilon and muscle protein kinase Ctheta. The increased insulin sensitivity in the VLCAD(-/-) mice were protected from diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance due to chronic activation of AMPK and PPARalpha, resulting in increased fatty acid oxidation and decreased intramyocellular and hepatocellular diacylglycerol content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyan Zhang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | | | - Zhen-Xiang Liu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Liqun Tian
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Cheol Soo Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Susanne Neschen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Jianying Dong
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Philip A. Wood
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL
| | - Gerald I. Shulman
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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Kiefer FW, Zeyda M, Neschen S, de Angelis MH, Kahle M, Neuhofer A, Weichhart T, Kenner L, Stulnig TM. Osteopontin-Defizienz verhindert die hepatische Steatose und Insulinresistenz. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1253785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kluth O, Mirhashemi F, Kaiser D, Kluge R, Neschen S, Scherneck S, Joost HG, Schürmann A. Dissoziation von Glucotoxizität und Lipotoxizität in einem Mausmodell für Adipositas und Typ 2 Diabetes. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1253812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Fuchs H, Gailus-Durner V, Adler T, Aguilar Pimentel J, Becker L, Bolle I, Brielmeier M, Calzada- Wack J, Dalke C, Ehrhardt N, Fasnacht N, Ferwagner B, Frischmann U, Hans W, Holter S, Holzlwimmer G, Horsch M, Javaheri A, Kallnik M, Kling E, Lengger C, Maier H, Moβbrugger I, Morth C, Naton B, Noth U, Pasche B, Prehn C, Przemeck G, Puk O, Racz I, Rathkolb B, Rozman J, Schable K, Schreiner R, Schrewe A, Sina C, Steinkamp R, Thiele F, Willershauser M, Zeh R, Adamski J, Busch D, Beckers J, Behrendt H, Daniel H, Esposito I, Favor J, Graw J, Heldmaier G, Hofler H, Ivandic B, Katus H, Klingenspor M, Klopstock T, Lengeling A, Mempel M, Muller W, Neschen S, Ollert M, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Rosenstiel P, Schmidt J, Schreiber S, Schughart K, Schulz H, Wolf E, Wurst W, Zimmer A, de Angelis M. The German Mouse Clinic: A Platform for Systemic Phenotype Analysis of Mouse Models. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2009; 10:236-43. [DOI: 10.2174/138920109787315051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Morino K, Neschen S, Bilz S, Sono S, Tsirigotis D, Reznick RM, Moore I, Nagai Y, Samuel V, Sebastian D, White M, Philbrick W, Shulman GI. Muscle-specific IRS-1 Ser->Ala transgenic mice are protected from fat-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. Diabetes 2008; 57:2644-51. [PMID: 18633112 PMCID: PMC2551673 DOI: 10.2337/db06-0454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin resistance in skeletal muscle plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, yet the cellular mechanisms responsible for insulin resistance are poorly understood. In this study, we examine the role of serine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 in mediating fat-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle in vivo. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS To directly assess the role of serine phosphorylation in mediating fat-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, we generated muscle-specific IRS-1 Ser(302), Ser(307), and Ser(612) mutated to alanine (Tg IRS-1 Ser-->Ala) and IRS-1 wild-type (Tg IRS-1 WT) transgenic mice and examined insulin signaling and insulin action in skeletal muscle in vivo. RESULTS Tg IRS-1 Ser-->Ala mice were protected from fat-induced insulin resistance, as reflected by lower plasma glucose concentrations during a glucose tolerance test and increased insulin-stimulated muscle glucose uptake during a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. In contrast, Tg IRS-1 WT mice exhibited no improvement in glucose tolerance after high-fat feeding. Furthermore, Tg IRS-1 Ser-->Ala mice displayed a significant increase in insulin-stimulated IRS-1-associated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity and Akt phosphorylation in skeletal muscle in vivo compared with WT control littermates. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that serine phosphorylation of IRS-1 plays an important role in mediating fat-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsutaro Morino
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Neschen S, Katterle Y, Richter J, Augustin R, Scherneck S, Mirhashemi F, Schürmann A, Joost HG, Klaus S. Uncoupling protein 1 expression in murine skeletal muscle increases AMPK activation, glucose turnover, and insulin sensitivity in vivo. Physiol Genomics 2008; 33:333-40. [DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00226.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation represents a potential target for the treatment of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes. The present study investigated whether the expression of uncoupling protein 1 in skeletal muscles of transgenic (mUCP1 TG) mice modulates insulin action in major insulin target tissues in vivo. Euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamps (17 pM·kg lean body mass−1·min−1) were performed in 9-mo-old hemizygous male mUCP1 TG mice and wild-type (WT) littermates matched for body composition. mUCP1 TG mice exhibited fasting hypoglycemia and hypoinsulinemia compared with WT mice, whereas fasting hepatic glucose production rates were comparable in both genotypes. mUCP1 TG mice were markedly more sensitive to insulin action compared with WT mice and displayed threefold higher glucose infusion rates, enhanced skeletal muscle and white adipose tissue glucose uptake, and whole body glycolysis rates. In the absence of alterations in plasma adiponectin concentrations, acceleration of insulin-stimulated glucose turnover in skeletal muscle of mUCP1 TG mice was accompanied by increased phosphorylated Akt-to-Akt and phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-to-AMPK ratios compared with WT mice. UCP1-mediated uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation in skeletal muscle was paralleled by AMPK activation and thereby stimulated insulin-mediated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Neschen
- Department of Pharmacology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Yvonne Katterle
- Department of Pharmacology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Julia Richter
- Department of Pharmacology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Robert Augustin
- Department of Pharmacology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Stephan Scherneck
- Department of Pharmacology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Farshad Mirhashemi
- Department of Pharmacology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Annette Schürmann
- Department of Pharmacology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Joost
- Department of Pharmacology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Susanne Klaus
- Department of Pharmacology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
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Nogueiras R, Wiedmer P, Perez-Tilve D, Veyrat-Durebex C, Keogh JM, Sutton GM, Pfluger PT, Castaneda TR, Neschen S, Hofmann SM, Howles PN, Morgan DA, Benoit SC, Szanto I, Schrott B, Schürmann A, Joost HG, Hammond C, Hui DY, Woods SC, Rahmouni K, Butler AA, Farooqi IS, O’Rahilly S, Rohner-Jeanrenaud F, Tschöp MH. The central melanocortin system directly controls peripheral lipid metabolism. J Clin Invest 2008; 117:3475-88. [PMID: 17885689 PMCID: PMC1978426 DOI: 10.1172/jci31743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2007] [Accepted: 07/30/2007] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruptions of the melanocortin signaling system have been linked to obesity. We investigated a possible role of the central nervous melanocortin system (CNS-Mcr) in the control of adiposity through effects on nutrient partitioning and cellular lipid metabolism independent of nutrient intake. We report that pharmacological inhibition of melanocortin receptors (Mcr) in rats and genetic disruption of Mc4r in mice directly and potently promoted lipid uptake, triglyceride synthesis, and fat accumulation in white adipose tissue (WAT), while increased CNS-Mcr signaling triggered lipid mobilization. These effects were independent of food intake and preceded changes in adiposity. In addition, decreased CNS-Mcr signaling promoted increased insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake in WAT while decreasing glucose utilization in muscle and brown adipose tissue. Such CNS control of peripheral nutrient partitioning depended on sympathetic nervous system function and was enhanced by synergistic effects on liver triglyceride synthesis. Our findings offer an explanation for enhanced adiposity resulting from decreased melanocortin signaling, even in the absence of hyperphagia, and are consistent with feeding-independent changes in substrate utilization as reflected by respiratory quotient, which is increased with chronic Mcr blockade in rodents and in humans with loss-of-function mutations in MC4R. We also reveal molecular underpinnings for direct control of the CNS-Mcr over lipid metabolism. These results suggest ways to design more efficient pharmacological methods for controlling adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Nogueiras
- Obesity Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.
Laboratory of Metabolism, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
University Departments of Medicine and Clinical Biochemistry, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
Center of Arteriosclerosis Studies, Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Eli Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Petra Wiedmer
- Obesity Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.
Laboratory of Metabolism, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
University Departments of Medicine and Clinical Biochemistry, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
Center of Arteriosclerosis Studies, Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Eli Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Diego Perez-Tilve
- Obesity Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.
Laboratory of Metabolism, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
University Departments of Medicine and Clinical Biochemistry, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
Center of Arteriosclerosis Studies, Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Eli Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Christelle Veyrat-Durebex
- Obesity Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.
Laboratory of Metabolism, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
University Departments of Medicine and Clinical Biochemistry, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
Center of Arteriosclerosis Studies, Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Eli Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Julia M. Keogh
- Obesity Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.
Laboratory of Metabolism, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
University Departments of Medicine and Clinical Biochemistry, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
Center of Arteriosclerosis Studies, Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Eli Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Gregory M. Sutton
- Obesity Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.
Laboratory of Metabolism, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
University Departments of Medicine and Clinical Biochemistry, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
Center of Arteriosclerosis Studies, Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Eli Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Paul T. Pfluger
- Obesity Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.
Laboratory of Metabolism, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
University Departments of Medicine and Clinical Biochemistry, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
Center of Arteriosclerosis Studies, Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Eli Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Tamara R. Castaneda
- Obesity Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.
Laboratory of Metabolism, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
University Departments of Medicine and Clinical Biochemistry, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
Center of Arteriosclerosis Studies, Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Eli Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Susanne Neschen
- Obesity Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.
Laboratory of Metabolism, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
University Departments of Medicine and Clinical Biochemistry, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
Center of Arteriosclerosis Studies, Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Eli Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Susanna M. Hofmann
- Obesity Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.
Laboratory of Metabolism, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
University Departments of Medicine and Clinical Biochemistry, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
Center of Arteriosclerosis Studies, Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Eli Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Philip N. Howles
- Obesity Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.
Laboratory of Metabolism, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
University Departments of Medicine and Clinical Biochemistry, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
Center of Arteriosclerosis Studies, Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Eli Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Donald A. Morgan
- Obesity Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.
Laboratory of Metabolism, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
University Departments of Medicine and Clinical Biochemistry, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
Center of Arteriosclerosis Studies, Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Eli Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Stephen C. Benoit
- Obesity Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.
Laboratory of Metabolism, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
University Departments of Medicine and Clinical Biochemistry, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
Center of Arteriosclerosis Studies, Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Eli Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Ildiko Szanto
- Obesity Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.
Laboratory of Metabolism, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
University Departments of Medicine and Clinical Biochemistry, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
Center of Arteriosclerosis Studies, Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Eli Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Brigitte Schrott
- Obesity Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.
Laboratory of Metabolism, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
University Departments of Medicine and Clinical Biochemistry, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
Center of Arteriosclerosis Studies, Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Eli Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Annette Schürmann
- Obesity Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.
Laboratory of Metabolism, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
University Departments of Medicine and Clinical Biochemistry, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
Center of Arteriosclerosis Studies, Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Eli Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Hans-Georg Joost
- Obesity Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.
Laboratory of Metabolism, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
University Departments of Medicine and Clinical Biochemistry, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
Center of Arteriosclerosis Studies, Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Eli Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Craig Hammond
- Obesity Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.
Laboratory of Metabolism, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
University Departments of Medicine and Clinical Biochemistry, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
Center of Arteriosclerosis Studies, Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Eli Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - David Y. Hui
- Obesity Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.
Laboratory of Metabolism, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
University Departments of Medicine and Clinical Biochemistry, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
Center of Arteriosclerosis Studies, Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Eli Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Stephen C. Woods
- Obesity Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.
Laboratory of Metabolism, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
University Departments of Medicine and Clinical Biochemistry, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
Center of Arteriosclerosis Studies, Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Eli Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Kamal Rahmouni
- Obesity Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.
Laboratory of Metabolism, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
University Departments of Medicine and Clinical Biochemistry, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
Center of Arteriosclerosis Studies, Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Eli Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Andrew A. Butler
- Obesity Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.
Laboratory of Metabolism, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
University Departments of Medicine and Clinical Biochemistry, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
Center of Arteriosclerosis Studies, Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Eli Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - I. Sadaf Farooqi
- Obesity Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.
Laboratory of Metabolism, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
University Departments of Medicine and Clinical Biochemistry, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
Center of Arteriosclerosis Studies, Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Eli Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Stephen O’Rahilly
- Obesity Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.
Laboratory of Metabolism, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
University Departments of Medicine and Clinical Biochemistry, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
Center of Arteriosclerosis Studies, Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Eli Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Françoise Rohner-Jeanrenaud
- Obesity Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.
Laboratory of Metabolism, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
University Departments of Medicine and Clinical Biochemistry, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
Center of Arteriosclerosis Studies, Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Eli Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Matthias H. Tschöp
- Obesity Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.
Laboratory of Metabolism, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
University Departments of Medicine and Clinical Biochemistry, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
Center of Arteriosclerosis Studies, Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Eli Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Mirhashemi F, Kluth O, Scherneck S, Vogel H, Kluge R, Schürmann A, Joost HG, Neschen S. High-fat, carbohydrate-free diet markedly aggravates obesity but prevents beta-cell loss and diabetes in the obese, diabetes-susceptible db/db strain. Obes Facts 2008; 1:292-7. [PMID: 20054191 PMCID: PMC6452171 DOI: 10.1159/000176064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We have previously reported that a high-fat, carbohydrate-free diet prevents diabetes and beta-cell destruction in the New Zealand Obese (NZO) mouse strain. Here we investigated the effect of diets with and without carbohydrates on obesity and development of beta-cell failure in a second mouse model of type 2 diabetes, the db/db mouse. RESULTS When kept on a carbohydrate-containing standard (SD; with (w/w) 5.1, 58.3, and 17.6% fat, carbohydrates and protein, respectively) or high-fat diet (HFD; 14.6, 46.7 and 17.1%), db/db mice developed severe diabetes (blood glucose >20 mmol/l, weight loss, polydipsia and polyurea) associated with a selective loss of pancreatic beta-cells, reduced GLUT2 expression in the remaining beta-cells, and reduced plasma insulin levels. In contrast, db/db mice kept on a high-fat, carbohydrate-free diet (CFD; with 30.2 and 26.4% (w/w) fat or protein) did not develop diabetes and exhibited near-normal, hyperplastic islets in spite of a morbid obesity (fat content >60%) associated with hyperinsulinaemia. CONCLUSION These data indicate that in genetically different mouse models of obesity-associated diabetes, obesity and dietary fat are not sufficient, and dietary carbohydrates are required, for beta-cell destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hans-Georg Joost
- *Prof. Dr. Hans-Georg Joost, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114–116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany Tel. +49 33200 88-216, Fax -555,
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Kluth O, Mirhashemi F, Scherneck S, Schürmann A, Joost HG, Neschen S. Untersuchungen zum Pathomechanismus des β-Zelluntergangs der NZO-Maus. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1076294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Buhl ES, Neschen S, Yonemitsu S, Rossbacher J, Zhang D, Morino K, Flyvbjerg A, Perret P, Samuel V, Kim J, Cline GW, Falk Petersen K. Increased hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity and hepatic insulin resistance in low-birth-weight rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2007; 293:E1451-8. [PMID: 17895287 PMCID: PMC2761595 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00356.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Individuals born with a low birth weight (LBW) have an increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes, but the mechanisms responsible for this association are unknown. Given the important role of insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, we examined insulin sensitivity in a rat model of LBW due to intrauterine fetal stress. During the last 7 days of gestation, rat dams were treated with dexamethasone and insulin sensitivity was assessed in the LBW offspring by a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. The LBW group had liver-specific insulin resistance associated with increased levels of PEPCK expression. These changes were associated with pituitary hyperplasia of the ACTH-secreting cells, increased morning plasma ACTH concentrations, elevated corticosterone secretion during restraint stress, and an approximately 70% increase in 24-h urine corticosterone excretion. These data support the hypothesis that prenatal stress can result in chronic hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, resulting in increased plasma corticosterone concentrations, upregulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis, and hepatic insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esben S. Buhl
- Department of Pharmacology
University of AarhusFaculty of Health Sciences,Medical Department M,Aarhus,DK
- Medical Research Laboratory
University of AarhusAahrus University Hospital Aarhus Sygehus Aahrus,DK
- Department of Internal Medicine
Yale school of medicine300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT,US
| | - Susanne Neschen
- Department of Internal Medicine
Yale school of medicine300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT,US
| | - Shin Yonemitsu
- Department of Internal Medicine
Yale school of medicine300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT,US
| | - Joerg Rossbacher
- Department of Internal Medicine
Yale school of medicine300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT,US
| | - Dongyan Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine
Yale school of medicine300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT,US
| | - Katsutaro Morino
- Department of Internal Medicine
Yale school of medicine300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT,US
| | - Allan Flyvbjerg
- Medical Research Laboratory
University of AarhusAahrus University Hospital Aarhus Sygehus Aahrus,DK
| | - Pascale Perret
- Department of Internal Medicine
Yale school of medicine300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT,US
| | - Varman Samuel
- Department of Internal Medicine
Yale school of medicine300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT,US
| | - Jung Kim
- Department of Pathology
Yale University School of MedicineNew Haven CT,US
| | - Gary W. Cline
- Department of Internal Medicine
Yale school of medicine300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT,US
| | - Kitt Falk Petersen
- Department of Pharmacology
University of AarhusFaculty of Health Sciences,Medical Department M,Aarhus,DK
- Department of Internal Medicine
Yale school of medicine300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT,US
- * Address for correspondence: K. F. Petersen, Yale University School of Medicine, Dept. of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Cedar St. 333, P. O. Box 208020, New Haven, CT 06520-8020.
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39
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Jürgens HS, Neschen S, Ortmann S, Scherneck S, Schmolz K, Schüler G, Schmidt S, Blüher M, Klaus S, Perez-Tilve D, Tschöp MH, Schürmann A, Joost HG. Development of diabetes in obese, insulin-resistant mice: essential role of dietary carbohydrate in beta cell destruction. Diabetologia 2007; 50:1481-9. [PMID: 17437079 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-007-0662-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2006] [Accepted: 01/31/2007] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The role of dietary carbohydrate in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes is still a subject of controversial debate. Here we analysed the effects of diets with and without carbohydrate on obesity, insulin resistance and development of beta cell failure in the obese, diabetes-prone New Zealand Obese (NZO) mouse. MATERIALS AND METHODS NZO mice were kept on a standard diet (4% [w/w] fat, 51% carbohydrate, 19% protein), a high-fat diet (15, 47 and 17%, respectively) and a carbohydrate-free diet in which carbohydrate was exchanged for fat (68 and 20%, respectively). Body composition and blood glucose were measured over a period of 22 weeks. Glucose tolerance tests and euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamps were performed to analyse insulin sensitivity. Islet morphology was assessed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Mice on carbohydrate-containing standard or high-fat diets developed severe diabetes (blood glucose >16.6 mmol/l, glucosuria) due to selective destruction of pancreatic beta cells associated with severe loss of immunoreactivity of insulin, glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) and musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homologue A (MafA). In contrast, mice on the carbohydrate-free diet remained normoglycaemic and exhibited hyperplastic islets in spite of a morbid obesity associated with severe insulin resistance and a massive accumulation of macrophages in adipose tissue. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These data indicate that the combination of obesity, insulin resistance and the inflammatory response of adipose tissue are insufficient to cause beta cell destruction in the absence of dietary carbohydrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Jürgens
- Department of Pharmacology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam Rehbrücke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
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40
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Buchmann J, Meyer C, Neschen S, Augustin R, Schmolz K, Kluge R, Al-Hasani H, Juergens H, Eulenberg K, Wehr R, Dohrmann C, Joost H, Schuermann A. WO7-OR-6 ABLATION OF CHOLESTEROL TRANSPORTER ABCG1 IN MICE REDUCES SIZE OF ADIPOCYTES AND PROTECTS AGAINST DIET-INDUCED OBESITY. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(07)70974-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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41
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Choi CS, Savage DB, Kulkarni A, Yu XX, Liu ZX, Morino K, Kim S, Distefano A, Samuel VT, Neschen S, Zhang D, Wang A, Zhang XM, Kahn M, Cline GW, Pandey SK, Geisler JG, Bhanot S, Monia BP, Shulman GI. Suppression of diacylglycerol acyltransferase-2 (DGAT2), but not DGAT1, with antisense oligonucleotides reverses diet-induced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:22678-88. [PMID: 17526931 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m704213200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major contributing factor to hepatic insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (Dgat), of which there are two isoforms (Dgat1 and Dgat2), catalyzes the final step in triglyceride synthesis. We evaluated the metabolic impact of pharmacological reduction of DGAT1 and -2 expression in liver and fat using antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) in rats with diet-induced NAFLD. Dgat1 and Dgat2 ASO treatment selectively reduced DGAT1 and DGAT2 mRNA levels in liver and fat, but only Dgat2 ASO treatment significantly reduced hepatic lipids (diacylglycerol and triglyceride but not long chain acyl CoAs) and improved hepatic insulin sensitivity. Because Dgat catalyzes triglyceride synthesis from diacylglycerol, and because we have hypothesized that diacylglycerol accumulation triggers fat-induced hepatic insulin resistance through protein kinase C epsilon activation, we next sought to understand the paradoxical reduction in diacylglycerol in Dgat2 ASO-treated rats. Within 3 days of starting Dgat2 ASO therapy in high fat-fed rats, plasma fatty acids increased, whereas hepatic lysophosphatidic acid and diacylglycerol levels were similar to those of control rats. These changes were associated with reduced expression of lipogenic genes (SREBP1c, ACC1, SCD1, and mtGPAT) and increased expression of oxidative/thermogenic genes (CPT1 and UCP2). Taken together, these data suggest that knocking down Dgat2 protects against fat-induced hepatic insulin resistance by paradoxically lowering hepatic diacylglycerol content and protein kinase C epsilon activation through decreased SREBP1c-mediated lipogenesis and increased hepatic fatty acid oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Soo Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
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42
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Buchmann J, Meyer C, Neschen S, Augustin R, Schmolz K, Kluge R, Al-Hasani H, Jürgens H, Eulenberg K, Wehr R, Dohrmann C, Joost HG, Schürmann A. Ablation of the cholesterol transporter adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter G1 reduces adipose cell size and protects against diet-induced obesity. Endocrinology 2007; 148:1561-73. [PMID: 17194745 DOI: 10.1210/en.2006-1244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1) catalyzes export of cellular cholesterol from macrophages and hepatocytes. Here we identify an additional function of ABCG1 in the regulation of adiposity in screens of the Drosophila melanogaster and the New Zealand obese (NZO) mouse genomes. Insertion of modified transposable elements of the P-family upstream of CG17646, the Drosophila ortholog of Abcg1, generated lines of flies with increased triglyceride stores. In NZO mice, an Abcg1 variant was identified in a suggestive adiposity quantitative trait locus and was associated with higher expression of the gene in white adipose tissue. Targeted disruption of Abcg1 in mice resulted in reduced body weight gain (8.42+/-0.6 g in Abcg1-/- vs. 13.07+/-1.1 g in Abcg1+/+ mice) and adipose tissue mass gain (3.78+/-1.3 g in Abcg1-/- vs. 9.39+/-1.6 g in Abcg1+/+ mice) detected over a period of 12 wk. The reduction of adipose tissue mass in Abcg1-/- mice was associated with markedly decreased size of the adipocytes. In contrast to their wild-type littermates, male Abcg1-/- mice exhibited no high-fat diet-induced impairment of glucose tolerance and fatty liver. Furthermore, Abcg1-/- mice possess decreased food intake and elevated total energy expenditure (Abcg1-/- mice, 748.1+/-5.4 kJ/kg metabolic body mass; Abcg1+/+ mice, 684.3+/-5.0 kJ/kg metabolic body mass; P=0.011), body temperature (Abcg1-/- mice, 37.82+/-0.29 C; Abcg1+/+ mice, 36.83+/-0.24 C; P<0.05), and locomotor activity (Abcg1-/- mice, 3655+/-189 counts/12 h during dark phase; Abcg1+/+ mice, 2445+/-235 counts/12 h during dark phase; P<0.01). Our data indicate a previously unrecognized role of ABCG1 in the regulation of energy balance and triglyceride storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Buchmann
- Department of Pharmacology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558 Nuthetal, Germany
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43
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Neschen S, Morino K, Dong J, Wang-Fischer Y, Cline GW, Romanelli AJ, Rossbacher JC, Moore IK, Regittnig W, Munoz DS, Kim JH, Shulman GI. n-3 Fatty acids preserve insulin sensitivity in vivo in a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha-dependent manner. Diabetes 2007; 56:1034-41. [PMID: 17251275 DOI: 10.2337/db06-1206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that n-3 fatty acids, abundant in fish oil, protect against high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-alpha activation and a subsequent decrease in intracellular lipid abundance. To directly test this hypothesis, we fed PPAR-alpha null and wild-type mice for 2 weeks with isocaloric high-fat diets containing 27% fat from either safflower oil or safflower oil with an 8% fish oil replacement (fish oil diet). In both genotypes the safflower oil diet blunted insulin-mediated suppression of hepatic glucose production (P < 0.02 vs. genotype control) and PEPCK gene expression. Feeding wild-type mice a fish oil diet restored hepatic insulin sensitivity (hepatic glucose production [HGP], P < 0.002 vs. wild-type mice fed safflower oil), whereas in contrast, in PPAR-alpha null mice failed to counteract hepatic insulin resistance (HGP, P = NS vs. PPAR-alpha null safflower oil-fed mice). In PPAR-alpha null mice fed the fish oil diet, safflower oil plus fish oil, hepatic insulin resistance was dissociated from increases in hepatic triacylglycerol and acyl-CoA but accompanied by a more than threefold increase in hepatic diacylglycerol concentration (P < 0.0001 vs. genotype control). These data support the hypothesis that n-3 fatty acids protect from high-fat diet-induced hepatic insulin resistance in a PPAR-alpha-and diacylglycerol-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Neschen
- Yale University School of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Departments of Internal Medicine, The Anlyan Center, P.O. Box 9812, New Haven, CT 06536-8012, USA
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44
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Mirhashemi F, Kluge R, Scherneck S, Nestler M, Vogel H, Schurmann A, Joost HG, Neschen S. Carbohydrate restriction protects diabetes-prone db/db and NZO mice from beta-cell failure. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-982167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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45
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Nestler M, Scherneck S, Neschen S, Vogel H, Schmolz K, Kluge R, Rustenbeck I, Schürmann A, Joost HG. Die komplexe Genetik des Typ-2-Diabetes in Mausmodellen: Wirkung des diabetogenen Allels Nidd/SJL auf die β-Zelle bei verschiedenen genetischen Hintergründen. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-982110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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46
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Buchmann J, Meyer C, Neschen S, Kluge R, Wehr R, Dohrmann C, Joost HG, Schürmann A. The cholesterol transporter Abcg1, a candidate gene for obesity: deletion of Abcg1 in mice corrects diet-induced insulin resistance. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-982142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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47
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Abstract
Mice lacking C3, C4 or complement receptor 1/2 (Cr) have defective germinal centers (GC). The requirement for C4 implicates complement fixation by immune complexes (IC) via the classical pathway. Yet, transgenic (Tg) mice that lack circulating antibody but still express membrane IgM (mIgM) have normal GC responses. We showed previously that cross-linking mIgM leads to the deposition of C3 on the B cell surface and that disruption of this pathway diminishes GC responses. Here, we investigate the role of Cr in this process by generating mIgM-Tg mice that lack Cr and serum Ig. These mIgM/Cr-/- mice have smaller, transient GC, with incomplete B cell receptor down-regulation and peanut agglutinin up-regulation, compared to mIgM/Crwt counterparts. BM chimera experiments showed that Cr on B cells is required for normal GC responses. These results establish that Cr ligands generated at the B cell surface are sufficient for normal GC responses and function by signaling Cr on B cells. Unexpectedly, chimera experiments also showed a critical role for Cr on follicular dendritic cells (FDC), even in the absence of IC, indicating novel functions for FDC-expressed Cr beyond the capture of C3-coated IC.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies/blood
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Complement Activation/immunology
- Dendritic Cells, Follicular/immunology
- Dendritic Cells, Follicular/metabolism
- Flow Cytometry
- Germinal Center/cytology
- Germinal Center/immunology
- Immunoglobulin M/immunology
- Immunoglobulin M/metabolism
- Membrane Proteins/immunology
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Models, Immunological
- Receptors, Complement 3b/deficiency
- Receptors, Complement 3b/immunology
- Receptors, Complement 3b/metabolism
- Receptors, Complement 3d/deficiency
- Receptors, Complement 3d/immunology
- Receptors, Complement 3d/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg Rossbacher
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
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48
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Sørensen H, Brand CL, Neschen S, Holst JJ, Fosgerau K, Nishimura E, Shulman GI. Immunoneutralization of endogenous glucagon reduces hepatic glucose output and improves long-term glycemic control in diabetic ob/ob mice. Diabetes 2006; 55:2843-8. [PMID: 17003351 DOI: 10.2337/db06-0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In type 2 diabetes, glucagon levels are elevated in relation to the prevailing insulin and glucose levels. The relative hyperglucagonemia is linked to increased hepatic glucose output (HGO) and hyperglycemia. Antagonizing the effects of glucagon is therefore considered an attractive target for treatment of type 2 diabetes. In the current study, effects of eliminating glucagon signaling with a glucagon monoclonal antibody (mAb) were investigated in the diabetic ob/ob mouse. Acute effects of inhibiting glucagon action were studied by an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and by measurement of HGO. In addition, the effects of subchronic (5 and 14 days) glucagon mAb treatment on plasma glucose, insulin, triglycerides, and HbA1c (A1C) levels were investigated. Glucagon mAb treatment reduced the area under the curve for glucose after an OGTT, reduced HGO, and increased the rate of hepatic glycogen synthesis. Glucagon mAb treatment for 5 days lowered plasma glucose and triglyceride levels, whereas 14 days of glucagon mAb treatment reduced A1C. In conclusion, acute and subchronic neutralization of endogenous glucagon improves glycemic control, thus supporting the contention that glucagon antagonism may represent a beneficial treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Sørensen
- Diabetes Research Unit, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760 Måløv, Denmark.
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49
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Neschen S, Morino K, Rossbacher JC, Pongratz RL, Cline GW, Sono S, Gillum M, Shulman GI. Fish oil regulates adiponectin secretion by a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma-dependent mechanism in mice. Diabetes 2006; 55:924-8. [PMID: 16567512 DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.55.04.06.db05-0985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin has insulin-sensitizing, antiatherogenic, and anti-inflammatory properties, but little is known about factors that regulate its secretion. To examine the effect of fish oil on adiponectin secretion, mice were fed either a control diet or isocaloric diets containing 27% safflower oil or 27, 13.5, and 8% menhaden fish oil. Within 15 days, fish oil feeding raised plasma adiponectin concentrations two- to threefold in a dose-dependent manner, and the concentrations remained approximately twofold higher for 7 days when the fish oil diet was replaced by the safflower oil diet. Within 24 h, fish oil markedly induced transcription of the adiponectin gene in epididymal adipose tissue but not in subcutaneous fat. The increase of plasma adiponectin by fish oil was completely blocked by administration of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma inhibitor bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether. In contrast, there was no effect of fish oil feeding on adiponectin secretion in PPARalpha-null mice. These data suggest that fish oil is a naturally occurring potent regulator of adiponectin secretion in vivo and that it does so through a PPARgamma-dependent and PPARalpha-independent manner in epididymal fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Neschen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale Medical School, P.O. Box 9812, New Haven, CT 06536-8012, USA
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50
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Scherneck S, Nestler M, Kluge R, Vogel H, Teichert M, Neschen S, Schmolz K, Schürmann A, Joost HG. Differentielle Ausprägung des diabetischen Phänotyps in Mausmodellen mit hochgradiger Adipositas. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-944005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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