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Yen I, Li H. The role of vascular adhesion protein-1 in diabetes and diabetic complications. J Diabetes Investig 2024; 15:982-989. [PMID: 38581224 PMCID: PMC11292389 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.14209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) plays a dual role with its adhesive and enzymatic properties, facilitating leukocyte migration to sites of inflammation and catalyzing the breakdown of primary amines into harmful by-products, which are linked to diabetic complications. Present in various tissues, VAP-1 also circulates in a soluble form in the bloodstream. Diabetes is associated with several complications such as cardiovascular disease, retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy, significantly contributing to disability and mortality. These complications arise from hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). Earlier research, including our own from the 1990s and early 2000s, has underscored the critical role of VAP-1 in these pathological processes, prompting extensive investigation into its contribution to diabetic complications. In this review, we examine the involvement of VAP-1 in diabetes and its complications, alongside its link to other conditions related to diabetes, such as cancer and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease. We also explore the utility of soluble VAP-1 as a biomarker for diabetes, its complications, and other related conditions. Since the inhibition of VAP-1 to treat diabetic complications is a novel and promising treatment option, further studies are needed to translate the beneficial effect of VAP-1 inhibitors observed in animal studies to clinical trials recruiting human subjects. Besides, future studies should focus on using serum sVAP-1 levels for risk assessment in diabetic patients, identifying those who need intensive glycemic control, and determining the patient population that would benefit most from VAP-1 inhibitor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- I‐Weng Yen
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal MedicineNational Taiwan University Hospital Hsin‐Chu BranchHsinchuTaiwan
| | - Hung‐Yuan Li
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal MedicineNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
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2
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Chamoto K, Zhang B, Tajima M, Honjo T, Fagarasan S. Spermidine - an old molecule with a new age-defying immune function. Trends Cell Biol 2024; 34:363-370. [PMID: 37723019 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines - putrescine, spermidine, and spermine - are widely distributed aliphatic compounds known to regulate important biological processes in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Therefore, spermidine insufficiency is associated with various physio-pathological processes, such as aging and cancers. Recent advances in immuno-metabolism and immunotherapy shed new light on the role of spermidine in immune cell regulation and anticancer responses. Here, we review novel works demonstrating that spermidine is produced by collective metabolic pathways of gut bacteria, bacteria-host co-metabolism, and by the host cells, including activated immune cells. We highlight the effectiveness of spermidine in enhancing antitumor responses in aged animals otherwise nonresponsive to immune checkpoint therapy and propose that spermidine supplementation could be used to enhance the efficacy of anti-PD-1 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Chamoto
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, Center for Cancer Immunotherapy and Immunobiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Immuno-Oncology PDT, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Baihao Zhang
- Laboratory for Mucosal Immunity, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Yokohama, Japan; Division of Integrated High-Order Regulatory Systems, Center for Cancer Immunotherapy and Immunobiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaki Tajima
- Division of Integrated High-Order Regulatory Systems, Center for Cancer Immunotherapy and Immunobiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tasuku Honjo
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, Center for Cancer Immunotherapy and Immunobiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sidonia Fagarasan
- Laboratory for Mucosal Immunity, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Yokohama, Japan; Division of Integrated High-Order Regulatory Systems, Center for Cancer Immunotherapy and Immunobiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
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Aihara S, Torisu K, Hirashima Y, Kitazono T, Nakano T. Acrolein produced during acute kidney injury promotes tubular cell death. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 666:137-145. [PMID: 37187091 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury is an important global health concern as it is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Polyamines, essential for cell growth and proliferation, are known to inhibit cardiovascular disease. However, under conditions of cellular damage, toxic acrolein is produced from polyamines by the enzyme spermine oxidase (SMOX). We used a mouse renal ischemia-reperfusion model and human proximal tubule cells (HK-2) to investigate whether acrolein exacerbates acute kidney injury by renal tubular cell death. Acrolein visualized by acroleinRED was increased in ischemia-reperfusion kidneys, particularly in tubular cells. When HK-2 cells were cultured under 1% oxygen for 24 h, then switched to 21% oxygen for 24 h (hypoxia-reoxygenation), acrolein accumulated and SMOX mRNA and protein levels were increased. Acrolein induced cell death and fibrosis-related TGFB1 mRNA in HK-2 cells. Administration of the acrolein scavenger cysteamine suppressed the acrolein-induced upregulation of TGFB1 mRNA. Cysteamine also inhibited a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential observed by MitoTrackerCMXRos, and cell death induced by hypoxia-reoxygenation. The siRNA-mediated knockdown of SMOX also suppressed hypoxia-reoxygenation-induced acrolein accumulation and cell death. Our study suggests that acrolein exacerbates acute kidney injury by promoting tubular cell death during ischemia-reperfusion injury. Treatment to control the accumulation of acrolein might be an effective therapeutic option for renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seishi Aihara
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Kumiko Torisu
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Integrated Therapy for Chronic Kidney Disease, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Yutaro Hirashima
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Takanari Kitazono
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Toshiaki Nakano
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Das A, Madeshiya AK, Biswas N, Ghosh N, Gorain M, Rawat A, Mahajan SP, Khanna S, Sen CK, Roy S. Oncostatin M Improves Cutaneous Wound Re-Epithelialization and Is Deficient under Diabetic Conditions. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:679-691.e3. [PMID: 34534575 PMCID: PMC8860865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Impaired re-epithelialization characterized by hyperkeratotic nonmigratory wound epithelium is a hallmark of nonhealing diabetic wounds. In chronic wounds, the copious release of oncostatin M (OSM) from wound macrophages is evident. OSM is a potent keratinocyte (KC) activator. This work sought to understand the signal transduction pathway responsible for wound re-epithelialization, the primary mechanism underlying wound closure. Daily topical treatment of full-thickness excisional wounds of C57BL/6 mice with recombinant murine OSM improved wound re-epithelialization and accelerated wound closure by bolstering KC proliferation and migration. OSM activated the Jak-signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway as manifested by signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 phosphorylation. Such signal transduction in the human KC induced TP63, the master regulator of KC function. Elevated TP63 induced ITGB1, a known effector of KC migration. In diabetic wounds, OSM was more abundant than the level in nondiabetic wounds. However, in diabetic wounds, OSM activity was compromised by glycation. Aminoguanidine, a deglycation agent, rescued the compromised KC migration caused by glycated OSM. Finally, topical application of recombinant OSM improved KC migration and accelerated wound closure in db/db mice. This work recognizes that despite its abundance at the wound site, OSM is inactivated by glycation, and topical delivery of exogenous OSM is likely to be productive in accelerating diabetic wound closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitava Das
- Department of Surgery, IU Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202
| | - Amit K. Madeshiya
- Department of Surgery, IU Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202
| | - Nirupam Biswas
- Department of Surgery, IU Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202
| | - Nandini Ghosh
- Department of Surgery, IU Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202
| | - Mahadeo Gorain
- Department of Surgery, IU Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202
| | - Atul Rawat
- Department of Surgery, IU Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202
| | - Sanskruti P. Mahajan
- Department of Surgery, IU Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202
| | - Savita Khanna
- Department of Surgery, IU Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202
| | - Chandan K. Sen
- Department of Surgery, IU Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202
| | - Sashwati Roy
- Department of Surgery, IU Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
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Vascular adhesion protein-1 and microvascular diabetic complications. Pharmacol Rep 2022; 74:40-46. [PMID: 35001320 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00343-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is a bifunctional protein that has the ability to catalyze the deamination of primary amines and is involved in the production of hydrogen peroxide, aldehydes, and advanced glycation end products (AGEs). VAP-1 is usually stored in intracellular vesicles of endothelial cells, smooth muscles, and adipocytes. It is responsible for leukocyte transmigration and adhesion. Overexpression of VAP-1 exacerbates oxidative stress and modulates a variety of inflammatory mediators linked with diabetic complications. Numerous studies have suggested the association of increased insulin levels with serum VAP-1 (sVAP-1). Preclinical research evidence suggests the increased activity of sVAP-1 in type 1 and 2 diabetes. Scientific reports on VAP-1 inhibitors have shown a reduction in severity in diabetic animal models. VAP-1 is a potential target of a therapeutically effective line of treatment for diabetes and diabetic complications such as nephropathy and retinopathy. The primary focus of this review is the role of VAP-1 in diabetes and its associated microvascular complications.
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Hernandez-Castillo C, Shuck SC. Diet and Obesity-Induced Methylglyoxal Production and Links to Metabolic Disease. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:2424-2440. [PMID: 34851609 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The obesity rate in the United States is 42.4% and has become a national epidemic. Obesity is a complex condition that is influenced by socioeconomic status, ethnicity, genetics, age, and diet. Increased consumption of a Western diet, one that is high in processed foods, red meat, and sugar content, is associated with elevated obesity rates. Factors that increase obesity risk, such as socioeconomic status, also increase consumption of a Western diet because of a limited access to healthier options and greater affordability of processed foods. Obesity is a public health threat because it increases the risk of several pathologies, including atherosclerosis, diabetes, and cancer. The molecular mechanisms linking obesity to disease onset and progression are not well understood, but a proposed mechanism is physiological changes caused by altered lipid peroxidation, glycolysis, and protein metabolism. These metabolic pathways give rise to reactive molecules such as the abundant electrophile methylglyoxal (MG), which covalently modifies nucleic acids and proteins. MG-adducts are associated with obesity-linked pathologies and may have potential for biomonitoring to determine the risk of disease onset and progression. MG-adducts may also play a role in disease progression because they are mutagenic and directly impact protein stability and function. In this review, we discuss how obesity drives metabolic alterations, how these alterations lead to MG production, the association of MG-adducts with disease, and the potential impact of MG-adducts on cellular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Hernandez-Castillo
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, United States
| | - Sarah C Shuck
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, United States
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Becchi S, Buson A, Balleine BW. Inhibition of vascular adhesion protein 1 protects dopamine neurons from the effects of acute inflammation and restores habit learning in the striatum. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:233. [PMID: 34654450 PMCID: PMC8520223 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02288-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Changes in dopaminergic neural function can be induced by an acute inflammatory state that, by altering the integrity of the neurovasculature, induces neuronal stress, cell death and causes functional deficits. Effectively blocking these effects of inflammation could, therefore, reduce both neuronal and functional decline. To test this hypothesis, we inhibited vascular adhesion protein 1 (VAP-1), a membrane-bound protein expressed on the endothelial cell surface, that mediates leukocyte extravasation and induces oxidative stress. Method We induced dopaminergic neuronal loss by infusing lipopolysaccharide (LPS) directly into the substantia nigra (SN) in rats and administered the VAP-1 inhibitor, PXS-4681A, daily. Results LPS produced: an acute inflammatory response, the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the SN, reduced the dopaminergic projection to SN target regions, particularly the dorsolateral striatum (DLS), and a deficit in habit learning, a key function of the DLS. In an attempt to protect SN neurons from this inflammatory response we found that VAP-1 inhibition not only reduced neutrophil infiltration in the SN and striatum, but also reduced the associated striatal microglia and astrocyte response. We found VAP-1 inhibition protected dopamine neurons in the SN, their projections to the striatum and promoted the functional recovery of habit learning. Thus, we reversed the loss of habitual actions, a function usually dependent on dopamine release in DLS and sensitive to striatal dysfunction. Conclusions We establish, therefore, that VAP-1 inhibition has an anti-inflammatory profile that may be beneficial in the treatment of dopamine neuron dysfunction caused by an acute inflammatory state in the brain. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-021-02288-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Becchi
- Decision Neuroscience Lab, School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | | | - Bernard W Balleine
- Decision Neuroscience Lab, School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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Chang WC, Wu JSB, Shen SC. Vescalagin from Pink Wax Apple ( Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merrill and Perry) Protects Pancreatic β-Cells against Methylglyoxal-Induced Inflammation in Rats. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10071448. [PMID: 34371651 PMCID: PMC8309315 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG) is the primary precursor of advanced glycation end products involved in the pathogenesis of inflammation and diabetes. A previous study in our laboratory found anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperglycemic effects of the polyphenol vescalagin (VES) in rats with MG-induced carbohydrate metabolic disorder. The present study further investigated the occurrence of inflammation in pancreatic β-cells in MG-induced diabetic rats and the mechanism by which VES prevents it. The results showed that VES downregulates the protein expression levels of advanced glycation end product receptors and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-β and upregulates the protein expression levels of pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and glyoxalase I from the pancreatic cells. The results also revealed that VES elevates glutathione and antioxidant enzyme contents and then downregulates c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases pathways to protect pancreatic β-cells in MG-administered rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chang Chang
- Department of Food Science, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600355, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
| | - James Swi-Bea Wu
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
| | - Szu-Chuan Shen
- Graduate Program of Nutrition Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 10610, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-77491437; Fax: +886-2-23639635
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Tékus V, Horváth ÁI, Csekő K, Szabadfi K, Kovács-Valasek A, Dányádi B, Deres L, Halmosi R, Sághy É, Varga ZV, Adeghate E, Kőszegi T, Mátyus P, Gábriel R, Ferdinandy P, Pintér E, Helyes Z. Protective effects of the novel amine-oxidase inhibitor multi-target drug SZV 1287 on streptozotocin-induced beta cell damage and diabetic complications in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 134:111105. [PMID: 33338750 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disease leading to hyperglycemia due to insufficient pancreatic insulin production or effect. Amine oxidase copper containing 3 (AOC3) is an enzyme that belongs to the semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase family, which may be a novel therapeutic target to treat diabetic complications. We aimed to explore the effects of AOC3 inhibition and to test the actions of our novel AOC3 inhibitor multi-target drug candidate, SZV 1287, compared to a selective reference compound, LJP 1207, in an 8-week long insulin-controlled streptozotocin (STZ)-induced (60 mg/kg i.p.) rat diabetes model. Both AOC3 inhibitors (20 mg/kg, daily s.c. injections) were protective against STZ-induced pancreatic beta cell damage determined by insulin immunohistochemistry and radioimmunoassay, neuropathic cold hypersensitivity measured by paw withdrawal latency decrease from 0 °C water, and retinal dysfunction detected by electroretinography. SZV 1287 showed greater inhibitory effects on beta cell damage, and reduced retinal apoptosis shown by histochemistry. Mechanical hypersensitivity measured by aesthesiometry, cardiac dysfunction and nitrosative stress determined by echocardiography and immunohistochemistry/Western blot, respectively, serum Na+, K+, fructosamine, and urine microalbumin, creatinine, total protein/creatinine ratio alterations did not develop in response to diabetes. None of these parameters were influenced by the treatments except for SZV 1287 reducing serum fructosamine and LJP 1207 increasing urine creatinine. We provide the first evidence for protective effects of AOC3 inhibition on STZ-induced pancreatic beta cell damage, neuropathic cold hypersensitivity and diabetic retinal dysfunction. Long-term treatment with our novel multi-target analgesic candidate, SZV 1287, is safe and effective also under diabetic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéria Tékus
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, Medical School, Szigeti út 12, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; Molecular Pharmacology Research Group & Centre for Neuroscience, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ádám István Horváth
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, Medical School, Szigeti út 12, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; Molecular Pharmacology Research Group & Centre for Neuroscience, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Kata Csekő
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, Medical School, Szigeti út 12, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; Molecular Pharmacology Research Group & Centre for Neuroscience, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Szabadfi
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pécs, Faculty of Sciences, Ifjúság útja 6, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; Retinal Neurobiology Research Group & Centre for Neuroscience, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Andrea Kovács-Valasek
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pécs, Faculty of Sciences, Ifjúság útja 6, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; Retinal Neurobiology Research Group & Centre for Neuroscience, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Bese Dányádi
- Department of Anatomy, University of Pécs, Medical School, Szigeti út 12, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; Retinal Neurobiology Research Group & Centre for Neuroscience, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - László Deres
- Genomics and Experimental Cardiology Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; HAS-UP Nuclear-Mitochondrial Interactions Research Group, H-1245, Budapest, Hungary; 1st Department of Medicine, Clinical Centre, University of Pécs, Medical School, Ifjúság útja 13, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Róbert Halmosi
- Genomics and Experimental Cardiology Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; 1st Department of Medicine, Clinical Centre, University of Pécs, Medical School, Ifjúság útja 13, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Éva Sághy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Faculty of Medicine, Nagyvárad tér 4, H-1089, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán V Varga
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Faculty of Medicine, Nagyvárad tér 4, H-1089, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ernest Adeghate
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tamás Kőszegi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Pécs, Medical School, Ifjúság útja 13, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Mátyus
- Institute of Digital Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Faculty of Health and Public Services, Ferenc tér 15, H-1094, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Róbert Gábriel
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pécs, Faculty of Sciences, Ifjúság útja 6, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; Retinal Neurobiology Research Group & Centre for Neuroscience, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Faculty of Medicine, Nagyvárad tér 4, H-1089, Budapest, Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Erika Pintér
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, Medical School, Szigeti út 12, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; PharmInVivo Ltd., Szondi György u. 10, H-7629, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, Medical School, Szigeti út 12, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; Molecular Pharmacology Research Group & Centre for Neuroscience, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; PharmInVivo Ltd., Szondi György u. 10, H-7629, Pécs, Hungary.
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10
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Huang HL, Chang CH, Chen CY, Peng JK, Wang YT, Chen CY, Hsu CC, Lee CS, Tsai JS. Plasma vascular adhesion protein-1 levels correlate positively with frailty severity in older adults. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e21192. [PMID: 32791695 PMCID: PMC7386979 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000021192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Geriatric frailty is associated with increased mortality and links to increased inflammatory activity. Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is important in inflammatory process. This study investigates the relationship between plasma VAP-1 level and frailty in older adults.The cross-sectional study recruited community dwelling older adults from a hospital-based comprehensive geriatric assessment program. The demographic data, Fried Frailty Index, metabolic and inflammatory parameters were assessed.A total of 151 participants (76 women, 50.3%) were included in the analysis, and the age (mean ± standard deviation) was 77.1 ± 6.1 years. The mean plasma VAP-1 level (ng/mL) was significantly different (P = .029) among different frailty groups (346.3 ± 86.5 in the robust older adults, 371.6 ± 107.9 in the pre-frail older adults, and 416.6 ± 141.1 in the frail older adults). Multivariate ordered logistic regression analysis also demonstrated that plasma VAP-1 levels were positively associated with frailty severity (P = .039). Analysis of the frailty components with plasma VAP-1 levels showed that the elderly who had "exhaustion" (P = .016) or "weakness" (P = .025) tended to have higher plasma VAP-1 levels.The data support that VAP-1 might represent a potential plasma biomarker of frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Liang Huang
- Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University
| | | | - Chin-Ying Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University
| | - Jen-Kuei Peng
- Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University
| | - Yu-Ting Wang
- Clinical Trial Center, Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei
| | - Ching-Yu Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University
- Division of Geriatric Research, Institute of Population Health Science, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli
| | - Chih-Cheng Hsu
- Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital
- Division of Geriatric Research, Institute of Population Health Science, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli
| | - Chung-Sheng Lee
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Kainan University, Luzhu, Taoyuan County
| | - Jaw-Shiun Tsai
- Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University
- Center for Complementary and Integrated Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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11
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Dincgez Cakmak B, Dundar B, Ketenci Gencer F, Yildiz DE, Bayram F, Ozgen G, Aydin Boyama B. Assessment of relationship between serum vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) and gestational diabetes mellitus. Biomarkers 2019; 24:750-756. [DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2019.1684562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Dincgez Cakmak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Research and Training Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Betul Dundar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Research and Training Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Fatma Ketenci Gencer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gaziosmanpasa Taksim Research and Training Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Durkadin Elif Yildiz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gaziosmanpasa Taksim Research and Training Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Feyza Bayram
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Research and Training Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Gulten Ozgen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Research and Training Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Burcu Aydin Boyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medipol University Esenler Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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12
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Li C, Wang Z, Li X, Chen J. Effects of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase inhibitors on morphology of aorta and kidney in diabetic rats. BMC Endocr Disord 2019; 19:59. [PMID: 31182088 PMCID: PMC6558804 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-019-0392-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects of aminoguanidine (AG) and 2-bromoethylamine (2-BEA) on the semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) activity both in vitro and in vivo, and the prevention role of AG and 2-BEA in the morphology of aorta and kidney in diabetic rats. METHODS The aortic homogenates isolated from Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were treated with different concentrations of AG or 2-BEA to investigate the inhibitory effects on the SSAO activity in vitro, using benzylamine as the substrate. In addition, 65 male SD rats were randomly assigned into normal control (NC) (n = 10), NC + AG (n = 10), NC + 2-BEA (n = 10) and diabetes mellitus (DM) model groups (n = 35). Type 1 diabetic rat model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 1% streptozotocin-sodium citrate buffer 55 mg/kg. After establishing the diabetic rat model by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Except those failed in modeling, 30 rats in the DM model group were further randomly divided into the DM, DM + AG, DM + 2-BEA groups (n = 10 in each). Rats in the DM + AG and NC + AG group were intraperitoneally injected with AG (25 mg/kg),those in the DM + 2-BEA and NC + 2-BEA group were administered with 2-BEA (20 mg/kg) daily for eight weeks. After eight weeks of treatment, the SSAO activity in the plasma and aorta, and plasma levels of formaldehyde (FA) and methylamine (MA) were measured by high performance liquid chromatograph. Radioimmunoassay was used to determine the plasma endothelin-1 (ET-1) concentration, while nitric acid deoxidized enzyme method was performed to detect the plasma nitrate/nitrite (NO(x)-) level. Besides, the morphological changes of aorta and kidney tissues were examined by optical and electron microscopes. RESULTS Both AG and 2-BEA exerted strong inhibitory effect on the aortic SSAO activity in vitro, with the IC50 values of 12.76 μmol/L and 3.83 μmol/L, respectively. Compared with the NC group, the SSAO activity in the plasma and aorta, and plasma levels of MA and ET-1 were significantly increased (P < 0.01), whereas the plasma NO(x)- level was obviously lower in the DM group (P < 0.01). A significantly decreased SSAO activity and plasma ET-1 level, as well as obviously increased plasma levels of MA and NO(x)- were observed in the DM + AG and DM + 2-BEA groups in comparison with the DM group (P < 0.01). However, there was no significant difference in plasma FA concentration among all the groups. Besides, the morphological changes of aorta and kidney were apparently alleviated in the DM + AG and DM + 2-BEA groups as compared with the DM group. CONCLUSIONS Both AG and 2-BEA can inhibit the SSAO activity in the plasma and aorta. Moreover, the inhibitory effects of AG and 2-BEA on the SSAO-mediated oxidative deamination had great benefit in the morphological changes of aorta and kidney in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaosheng Li
- Department of Cardiology, People’s Hospital of Baoan District, No.118 Longjing second road, Baoan District, Shenzhen, 518100 China
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- Department of Cardiology, People’s Hospital of Baoan District, No.118 Longjing second road, Baoan District, Shenzhen, 518100 China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Baoan District, Shenzhen, 518100 China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Cardiology, People’s Hospital of Baoan District, No.118 Longjing second road, Baoan District, Shenzhen, 518100 China
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Targeting advanced glycation with pharmaceutical agents: where are we now? Glycoconj J 2016; 33:653-70. [PMID: 27392438 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-016-9691-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are the final products of the Maillard reaction, a complex process that has been studied by food chemists for a century. Over the past 30 years, the biological significance of advanced glycation has also been discovered. There is mounting evidence that advanced glycation plays a homeostatic role within the body and that food-related Maillard products, intermediates such as reactive α-dicarbonyl compounds and AGEs, may influence this process. It remains to be understood, at what point AGEs and their intermediates become pathogenic and contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic diseases that inflict current society. Diabetes and its complications have been a major focus of AGE biology due to the abundance of excess sugar and α-dicarbonyls in this family of diseases. While further temporal information is required, a number of pharmacological agents that inhibit components of the advanced glycation pathway have already showed promising results in preclinical models. These therapies appear to have a wide range of mechanistic actions to reduce AGE load. Some of these agents including Alagebrium, have translated successfully to clinical trials, while others such as aminoguanidine, have had undesirable side-effect profiles. This review will discuss different pharmacological agents that have been used to reduce AGE burden in preclinical models of disease with a focus on diabetes and its complications, compare outcomes of those therapies that have reached clinical trials, and provide further rationale for the use of inhibitors of the glycation pathway in chronic diseases.
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Li HY, Lin HA, Nien FJ, Wu VC, Jiang YD, Chang TJ, Kao HL, Lin MS, Wei JN, Lin CH, Shih SR, Hung CS, Chuang LM. Serum Vascular Adhesion Protein-1 Predicts End-Stage Renal Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147981. [PMID: 26845338 PMCID: PMC4742057 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide. Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) participates in inflammation and catalyzes the deamination of primary amines into aldehydes, hydrogen peroxide, and ammonia, both of which are involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. We have shown that serum VAP-1 is higher in patients with diabetes and in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and can predict cardiovascular mortality in subjects with diabetes. In this study, we investigated if serum VAP-1 can predict ESRD in diabetic subjects. METHODS In this prospective cohort study, a total of 604 type 2 diabetic subjects were enrolled between 1996 to 2003 at National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan, and were followed for a median of 12.36 years. The development of ESRD was ascertained by linking our database with the nationally comprehensive Taiwan Society Nephrology registry. Serum VAP-1 concentrations at enrollment were measured by time-resolved immunofluorometric assay. RESULTS Subjects with serum VAP-1 in the highest tertile had the highest incidence of ESRD (p<0.001). Every 1-SD increase in serum VAP-1 was associated with a hazard ratio of 1.55 (95%CI 1.12-2.14, p<0.01) for the risk of ESRD, adjusted for smoking, history of cardiovascular disease, body mass index, hypertension, HbA1c, duration of diabetes, total cholesterol, use of statins, ankle-brachial index, estimated GFR, and proteinuria. We developed a risk score comprising serum VAP-1, HbA1c, estimated GFR, and proteinuria, which could predict ESRD with good performance (area under the ROC curve = 0.9406, 95%CI 0.8871-0.9941, sensitivity = 77.3%, and specificity = 92.8%). We also developed an algorithm based on the stage of CKD and a risk score including serum VAP-1, which can stratify these subjects into 3 categories with an ESRD risk of 0.101%/year, 0.131%/year, and 2.427%/year, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, serum VAP-1 can predict ESRD and is a useful biomarker to improve risk stratification in type 2 diabetic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Yuan Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-An Lin
- Lo-Sheng Sanatorium and Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Jung Nien
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin, Taiwan
| | - Vin-Cent Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Der Jiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Jyun Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Li Kao
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Shin Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Nan Wei
- Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsin Lin
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University-Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shyang-Rong Shih
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Sheng Hung
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Ming Chuang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University School of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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15
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Alipour M, Adineh F, Mosatafavi H, Aminabadi A, Monirinasab H, Jafari MR. Effect of chronic intraperitoneal aminoguanidine on memory and expression of Bcl-2 family genes in diabetic rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 94:669-75. [PMID: 27210113 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Long-term hyperglycemia associates with memory defects via hippocampal cells damaging. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of 1 month of i.p. injections of AG on passive avoidance learning (PAL) and hippocampal apoptosis in rat. Eighty male rats were divided into 10 groups: control, nondiabetics and STZ-induced diabetics treated with AG (50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, i.p.). PAL and the Bcl-2 family gene expressions were determined. Diabetes resulted in memory and Bcl-2 family gene expression deficits. AG (50 and 100 mg/kg) significantly improved the learning and Bcl-2, Bcl-xl, Bax, and Bak impairment in diabetic rats. However, negative effects were indicated by higher doses of the drug (200 and 400 mg/kg). Present study suggests that 1 month of i.p. injections of lower doses of AG, may improve the impaired cognitive tasks in STZ-induced diabetic rats possibly by modulating Bcl-2 family gene expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Alipour
- a Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Adineh
- a Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Hossein Mosatafavi
- a Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Azam Aminabadi
- a Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Hananeh Monirinasab
- b Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Jafari
- a Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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16
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Antioxidant and Amine Oxidase Inhibitory Activities of Hydroxyurea. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 74:1256-60. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.100096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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Bhatwadekar A, Stitt AW. AGE and RAGE inhibitors in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1586/17469899.2.1.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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18
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Aminoguanidine Changes Hippocampal Expression of Apoptosis-Related Genes, Improves Passive Avoidance Learning and Memory in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2013; 34:343-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-013-0018-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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19
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Up-regulation of glyoxalase 1 by mangiferin prevents diabetic nephropathy progression in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 721:355-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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20
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Wong MYW, Saad S, Pollock C, Wong MG. Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase and kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2013; 305:F1637-44. [PMID: 24173357 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00416.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
With better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning chronic kidney disease, the roles of inflammation and fibrosis are becoming increasingly inseparable. The progression of renal disease is characterized by pathomorphological changes that consist of early inflammatory responses followed by tubulointerstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy, and glomerular and vascular sclerosis. Currently available therapies that reduce hypertension, proteinuria, hyperglycemia, and interruption of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system are at best only partially effective. Hence, there remains a need to explore agents targeting nonrenin-angiotensin-aldosterone system pathways. In this review, we discuss mechanistic aspects in the physiological and pathological role of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase, a protein enzyme involved in cellular trafficking and inflammation, with respect to the kidney. We explore the evidence for the use of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase inhibitors as potential agents in renal fibrosis to delay the onset and progression of chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Y W Wong
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Level 7 Kolling Bldg., Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards 2065, NSW, Australia.
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21
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Aldini G, Vistoli G, Stefek M, Chondrogianni N, Grune T, Sereikaite J, Sadowska-Bartosz I, Bartosz G. Molecular strategies to prevent, inhibit, and degrade advanced glycoxidation and advanced lipoxidation end products. Free Radic Res 2013; 47 Suppl 1:93-137. [PMID: 23560617 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2013.792926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The advanced glycoxidation end products (AGEs) and lipoxidation end products (ALEs) contribute to the development of diabetic complications and of other pathologies. The review discusses the possibilities of counteracting the formation and stimulating the degradation of these species by pharmaceuticals and natural compounds. The review discusses inhibitors of ALE and AGE formation, cross-link breakers, ALE/AGE elimination by enzymes and proteolytic systems, receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGEs) and blockade of the ligand-RAGE axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Aldini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Matveychuk D, Nunes E, Ullah N, Velázquez-Martinez CA, MacKenzie EM, Baker GB. Comparison of phenelzine and geometric isomers of its active metabolite, β-phenylethylidenehydrazine, on rat brain levels of amino acids, biogenic amine neurotransmitters and methylamine. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2013; 120:987-96. [PMID: 23392617 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-013-0978-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Phenelzine is a monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor used in treatment of depression and anxiety disorders. It also elevates brain levels of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and inhibits primary amine oxidase (PrAO), an enzyme whose activity and/or expression has been reported to be increased in diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer's disease and cardiovascular disorders. Phenelzine is not only an inhibitor of, but also a substrate for, MAO and it has been suggested that an active metabolite, namely β-phenylethylidenehydrazine (PEH), is responsible for phenelzine's effects on amino acids. PEH is also a strong inhibitor of PrAO but has weak effects on MAO. PEH has a double bond and can thus exist as (E)- and (Z)-geometric isomers, but to date the two isomers have not been compared with regard to their neurochemical effects. We have investigated the effects of phenelzine, (E)- and (Z)-PEH on rat whole brain levels of amino acids, biogenic amine neurotransmitters and methylamine (an endogenous substrate of PrAO). Under the conditions used in the study, (E)- and (Z)-PEH appear to be equivalent in their neurochemical properties. Both PEH isomers and phenelzine produced marked increases in rat brain levels of GABA and alanine while decreasing brain levels of glutamine. Phenelzine increased brain levels of biogenic amine neurotransmitters (noradrenaline, dopamine and serotonin), whereas neither PEH isomer altered levels of these neurotransmitters to a considerable extent. All three drugs significantly increased rat brain levels of methylamine, with (E)- and (Z)-PEH causing a greater increase than phenelzine. These results are discussed in relation to the possible therapeutic applications of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy Matveychuk
- Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G3, Canada.
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Valente T, Gella A, Solé M, Durany N, Unzeta M. Immunohistochemical study of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase/vascular adhesion protein-1 in the hippocampal vasculature: Pathological synergy of Alzheimer's disease and diabetes mellitus. J Neurosci Res 2012; 90:1989-96. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Revised: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Kender Z, Torzsa P, Grolmusz K. V, Patócs A, Lichthammer A, Veresné Bálint M, Rácz K, Reismann P. The role of methylglyoxal metabolism in type-2 diabetes and its complications. Orv Hetil 2012; 153:574-85. [DOI: 10.1556/oh.2012.29348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Transient or chronic hyperglycaemia increases the formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species and aldehydes. The accumulation of reactive aldehydes is implicated in the development of diabetic complications. Methylglyoxal, a glucose dependent α-dicarbonyl might be the most important reactive aldehyde in diabetes and its complications. Diabetes was the first disease in which evidence emerged for the increased formation of methylglyoxal in the cells and in the serum. Methylglyoxal has a toxic effect on insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells, and on modifications of proteins and nucleic acids. Moreover, methylglyoxal is one of the major precursors of advanced glycation end-products. The glyoxalase enzyme system that exists in all mammalian cells is catalyzing the detoxification of methylglyoxal. This review summarizes the methylglyoxal metabolism in normoglycaemic and hyperglycamic conditions and the role of methylglyoxal in the development of late diabetic microvascular complications. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 574–585.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Kender
- Semmelweis Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar II. Belgyógyászati Klinika Budapest Szentkirályi u. 46. 1088
| | - Péter Torzsa
- Semmelweis Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar Családorvosi Tanszék Budapest
| | | | - Attila Patócs
- Semmelweis Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar II. Belgyógyászati Klinika Budapest Szentkirályi u. 46. 1088
- Magyar Tudományos Akadémia–Semmelweis Egyetem Molekuláris Medicina Kutatócsoport Budapest
| | - Adrienn Lichthammer
- Semmelweis Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar Dietetikai és Táplálkozástudományi Tanszék Budapest
| | - Márta Veresné Bálint
- Semmelweis Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar Dietetikai és Táplálkozástudományi Tanszék Budapest
| | - Károly Rácz
- Semmelweis Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar II. Belgyógyászati Klinika Budapest Szentkirályi u. 46. 1088
- Magyar Tudományos Akadémia–Semmelweis Egyetem Molekuláris Medicina Kutatócsoport Budapest
| | - Péter Reismann
- Semmelweis Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar II. Belgyógyászati Klinika Budapest Szentkirályi u. 46. 1088
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Aalto K, Maksimow M, Juonala M, Viikari J, Jula A, Kähönen M, Jalkanen S, Raitakari OT, Salmi M. Soluble vascular adhesion protein-1 correlates with cardiovascular risk factors and early atherosclerotic manifestations. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011; 32:523-32. [PMID: 22116093 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.238030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vascular adhesion protein-1 is an endothelial enzyme that regulates leukocyte traffic and contributes to vascular damage in animal models. The relations of soluble vascular adhesion protein-1 (sVAP-1) with cardiovascular risk factors and markers of subclinical atherosclerosis at a population level have not been studied. METHODS AND RESULTS We developed a new high-throughput method and measured sVAP-1 activities in serum of 2183 persons (The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study). In women, sVAP-1 activity correlated indirectly with body mass index (r=-0.15, P<0.0001), triglycerides (r=-0.13, P<0.0001), C-reactive protein (r=-0.23; P<0.0001), and brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilatation (r=-0.076, P=0.0089) and directly with carotid plaques (r=0.066, P=0.023). None of these correlations was significant in men. In women, all these univariate correlations remained significant after adjustment for body mass index, and direct correlations with LDL-cholesterol (r=0.094, P=0.0014) and carotid intima-media thickness (r=0.075, P=0.010) became evident. In men, sVAP-1 activity associated directly with glucose (r=0.074, P=0.020), intima-media thickness (r=0.072, P=0.025), metabolic syndrome (P=0.016), and type 1 (P=0.0002) and type 2 (P<0.0001) diabetes. In multivariable analyses, sVAP-1 activity was an independent determinant of carotid intima-media thickness (P=0.0072) and plaques [odds ratio 1.71 (95% confidence interval 1.07-2.72, P=0.025] in women, but not in men. CONCLUSIONS sVAP-1 activity correlates directly with intima-media thickness and carotid plaques in general population and may play a role in the pathophysiology of preclinical atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristiina Aalto
- MediCity Research Laboratory, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520 Turku, Finland
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Liu YH, Liang WL, Lee CC, Tsai YF, Hou WC. Antioxidant and semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase inhibitory activities of glucuronic acid hydroxamate. Food Chem 2011; 129:423-428. [PMID: 30634247 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.04.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Revised: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The antioxidant and inhibitory activities of glucuronic acid (GluA) and its synthesized 1-methoxyl-6-glucuronic acid hydroxamate (GluA-NHOH) against semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) were investigated. The scavenging activities of GluA-NHOH against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) radicals (half-inhibition concentration [IC50], 152μM) and hydroxyl radicals (IC50, 70nM) were determined. The protective activities of GluA-NHOH against hydroxyl radical-mediated calf thymus DNA damage and peroxynitrite-mediated dihydrorhodamine oxidation were also investigated. GluA-NHOH, but not GluA, exhibited dose-dependent protective activities. GluA-NHOH, but not GluA, effectively inhibited bovine SSAO activities in a dose-dependent manner, and was further confirmed by AO activity stains on an acrylamide gel. GluA-NHOH showed mixed noncompetitive inhibition of bovine SSAO with respect to benzylamine (substrate) and benzylamine-SSAO (substrate-enzyme complex). The Vmax' and Km' values were reduced in the presence of GluA-NHOH (0.04mM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuh-Hwa Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Primary Care Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Li Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ching Lee
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yow-Fu Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chi Hou
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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SSAO substrates exhibiting insulin-like effects in adipocytes as a promising treatment option for metabolic disorders. Future Med Chem 2011; 2:1735-49. [PMID: 21428797 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.10.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benzylamine exerts insulin-like effects in adipocytes (e.g., glucose uptake and antilipolysis) and improves glucose handling in rodents. RESULTS In murine adipocytes, benzylamine mimics another insulin action: it enhances apelin expression in a manner that is blocked by the semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase/vascular adhesion protein-1 (SSAO/VAP-1) inhibitor semicarbazide. It is shown that in human adipocytes, benzylamine activates glucose transport, but its effects are not additive to maximal insulin stimulation. Benzylamine effects are hydrogen peroxide dependent. They can be reproduced by novel substrates, but not by benzaldehyde. CONCLUSION Owing to the parallelism between the in vitro insulin mimicry and the in vivo improvement of glucose handling elicited by benzylamine in rodents, the SSAO/VAP-1 substrates, with stronger effects on human adipocytes than benzylamine, show promising applications for the treatment of insulin resistance.
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Olivieri A, Rico D, Khiari Z, Henehan G, O'Sullivan J, Tipton K. From caffeine to fish waste: amine compounds present in food and drugs and their interactions with primary amine oxidase. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2011; 118:1079-89. [PMID: 21373760 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-011-0611-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Tissue bound primary amine oxidase (PrAO) and its circulating plasma-soluble form are involved, through their catalytic activity, in important cellular roles, including the adhesion of lymphocytes to endothelial cells during various inflammatory conditions, the regulation of cell growth and maturation, extracellular matrix deposition and maturation and glucose transport. PrAO catalyses the oxidative deamination of several xenobiotics and has been linked to vascular toxicity, due to the generation of cytotoxic aldehydes. In this study, a series of amines and aldehydes contained in food and drugs were tested via a high-throughput assay as potential substrates or inhibitors of bovine plasma PrAO. Although none of the compounds analyzed were found to be substrates for the enzyme, a series of molecules, including caffeine, the antidiabetics phenformin and tolbutamide and the antimicrobial pentamidine, were identified as PrAO inhibitors. Although the inhibition observed was in the millimolar and micromolar range, these data show that further work will be necessary to elucidate whether the interaction of ingested biogenic or xenobiotic amines with PrAO might adversely affect its biological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Olivieri
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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Mercader J, Iffiú-Soltész Z, Bour S, Carpéné C. Oral Administration of Semicarbazide Limits Weight Gain together with Inhibition of Fat Deposition and of Primary Amine Oxidase Activity in Adipose Tissue. J Obes 2011; 2011:475786. [PMID: 21331292 PMCID: PMC3038600 DOI: 10.1155/2011/475786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
An enzyme hitherto named semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO), involved in the oxidation of primary amines, is abundantly expressed in adipocytes. Although SSAO physiological functions remain unclear, several molecules inhibiting its activity have been described to limit fat accumulation in preadipocyte cultures or to reduce body weight gain in obese rodents. Here, we studied whether oral administration of semicarbazide, a prototypical SSAO inhibitor, limits fat deposition in mice. Prolonged treatment with semicarbazide at 0.125% in drinking water limited food and water consumption, hampered weight gain, and deeply impaired fat deposition. The adiposomatic index was reduced by 31%, while body mass was reduced by 15%. Such treatment completely inhibited SSAO, but did not alter MAO activity in white adipose tissue. Consequently, the insulin-like action of the SSAO substrate benzylamine on glucose transport was abolished in adipocytes from semicarbazide-drinking mice, while their insulin sensitivity was not altered. Although semicarbazide is currently considered as a food contaminant with deleterious effects, the SSAO inhibition it induces appears as a novel concept to modulate adipose tissue development, which is promising for antiobesity drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Mercader
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1048, Equipe 3, 12MC, IFR 150, Bat. L4, CHU Rangueil, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Université Paul Sabatier, 12MC, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rangueil, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Zsuzsa Iffiú-Soltész
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1048, Equipe 3, 12MC, IFR 150, Bat. L4, CHU Rangueil, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Université Paul Sabatier, 12MC, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rangueil, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Sandy Bour
- Université Paul Sabatier, 12MC, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rangueil, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Christian Carpéné
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1048, Equipe 3, 12MC, IFR 150, Bat. L4, CHU Rangueil, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Université Paul Sabatier, 12MC, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rangueil, 31432 Toulouse, France
- *Christian Carpéné:
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Carbonylation of myosin heavy chains in rat heart during diabetes. Biochem Pharmacol 2010; 80:205-17. [PMID: 20359464 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2010.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2009] [Revised: 02/12/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac inotropy progressively declines during diabetes mellitus. To date, the molecular mechanisms underlying this defect remain incompletely characterized. This study tests the hypothesis that ventricular myosin heavy chains (MHC) undergo carbonylation by reactive carbonyl species (RCS) during diabetes and these modifications contribute to the inotropic decline. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with streptozotocin (STZ). Fourteen days later the animals were divided into two groups: one group was treated with the RCS blocker aminoguanidine for 6 weeks, while the other group received no treatment. After 8 weeks of diabetes, cardiac ejection fraction, fractional shortening, left ventricular pressure development (+dP/dt) and myocyte shortening were decreased by 9%, 16%, 34% and 18%, respectively. Ca(2+)- and Mg(2+)-actomyosin ATPase activities and peak actomyosin syneresis were also reduced by 35%, 28%, and 72%. MHC-alpha to MHC-beta ratio was 12:88. Mass spectrometry and Western blots revealed the presence of carbonyl adducts on MHC-alpha and MHC-beta. Aminoguanidine treatment did not alter MHC composition, but it blunted formation of carbonyl adducts and decreases in actomyosin Ca(2+)-sensitive ATPase activity, syneresis, myocyte shortening, cardiac ejection fraction, fractional shortening and +dP/dt induced by diabetes. From these new data it can be concluded that in addition to isozyme switching, modification of MHC by RCS also contributes to the inotropic decline seen during diabetes.
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31
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Yraola F, Zorzano A, Albericio F, Royo M. Structure-activity relationships of SSAO/VAP-1 arylalkylamine-based substrates. ChemMedChem 2009; 4:495-503. [PMID: 19266512 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200800393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase/vascular adhesion protein-1 (SSAO/VAP-1) substrates show insulin-mimetic effects and are therefore potentially valuable molecules for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Herein we review several structural and electronic aspects of SSAO arylalkylamine-based substrates. Two main modifications directly affect amine oxidase (AO) activity: 1) variation in ring substitution modulates the biological activity of the arylalkylamine ligand by converting a substrate into a substrate-like inhibitor, and 2) variation in the number of methylene units between the aromatic ring and the ammonium groups of the arylalkylamine substrates dramatically alters the oxidation rate between species. Furthermore, we review relevant information about mammalian SSAO/VAP-1 substrate selectivity and specificity over monoamine oxidases (MAOs).
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Li HY, Lin MS, Wei JN, Hung CS, Chiang FT, Lin CH, Hsu HC, Su CY, Wu MY, Smith DJ, Vainio J, Chen MF, Chuang LM. Change of serum vascular adhesion protein-1 after glucose loading correlates to carotid intima-medial thickness in non-diabetic subjects. Clin Chim Acta 2009; 403:97-101. [PMID: 19361461 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2009.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2008] [Revised: 12/11/2008] [Accepted: 01/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated if serum vascular adhesion protein-1 (SSAO/VAP-1) changed acutely following oral glucose loading and whether such changes are correlated with surrogate markers of atherosclerosis. METHODS A total of 115 non-diabetics subjects were enrolled for an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Carotid intima-medial thickness (IMT) was measured by ultrasonography. Serum SSAO/VAP-1 was analyzed by time-resolved immunofluorometric assay. Serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and advanced glycated end products (AGEs) were measured by fluorometric assays. RESULTS Serum SSAO/VAP-1 increased significantly at 30 min after oral glucose loading and lasted to 2 h (p=0.0005 and p<0.0001, for 30 min and 2 h respectively). The area under curve of serum SSAO/VAP-1 during OGTT (AUC-VAP-1) correlated significantly with carotid IMT, independent of age, gender, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, hemoglobin A1c, serum TBARS, AGEs, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. Subjects with a positive AUC-VAP-1 had significantly higher serum TBARS and AGEs than subjects with a negative AUC-VAP-1 adjusted for age and gender. CONCLUSIONS Serum SSAO/VAP-1 changed acutely following oral glucose loading in non-diabetic subjects. Change of serum SSAO/VAP-1 correlated independently to serum TBARS, AGEs, and carotid IMT. Our findings suggest that acute change of serum SSAO/VAP-1 is a novel marker for hyperglycemia-induced atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Yuan Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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34
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Pourrut B, Perchet G, Silvestre J, Cecchi M, Guiresse M, Pinelli E. Potential role of NADPH-oxidase in early steps of lead-induced oxidative burst in Vicia faba roots. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2008; 165:571-9. [PMID: 17931743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2007.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2007] [Revised: 07/13/2007] [Accepted: 07/16/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of oxidative burst induced by lead in Vicia faba excised roots was investigated by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. Results showed that lead triggered a rapid and dose-dependent increase in chemiluminescence production. In this study, specific inhibitors of putative reactive oxygen species (ROS) sources were used to determine the mechanism of lead-induced ROS generation. This generation was sensitive to dephenylene iodonium (DPI), quinacrine and imidazole, some inhibitors of the NADPH-oxidase and not inhibited by other putative ROS sources inhibitors. Data reported in this work clearly demonstrated the pivotal role of NADPH-oxidase-like enzyme in early steps of lead-induced oxidative burst. To investigate the respective implication of calmodulin and protein kinase (PK) in lead-induced NADPH-oxidase activation, excised roots were treated with the calmodulin inhibitor W7 or with the PK inhibitor staurosporine. The chemiluminescence generation inhibition by these inhibitors illustrated the role of PK in lead-induced NADPH-oxidase activation and revealed a calmodulin-dependent step. Using the calcium entry blocker La(3+) or different concentrations of calcium in the extra-cellular medium, our data highlighted the implication of Ca(2+) channel in lead-induced oxidative burst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Pourrut
- EcoLab UMR 5245 CNRS-UPS-INPT, ENSAT Avenue de l'agrobiopole-Auzeville-Tolosane Castanet-Tolosan, France
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35
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Contributions of inflammatory processes to the development of the early stages of diabetic retinopathy. EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES RESEARCH 2008; 2007:95103. [PMID: 18274606 PMCID: PMC2216058 DOI: 10.1155/2007/95103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 450] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2007] [Accepted: 05/27/2007] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes causes metabolic and physiologic abnormalities in the retina, and these changes suggest a role for inflammation in the development of diabetic retinopathy. These changes include upregulation of iNOS, COX-2, ICAM-1, caspase 1, VEGF, and NF-κB, increased production of nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, IL-1β, and cytokines, as well as increased permeability and leukostasis. Using selective pharmacologic inhibitors or genetically modified animals, an increasing number of therapeutic approaches have been identified that significantly inhibit development of at least the early stages of diabetic retinopathy, especially occlusion and degeneration of retinal capillaries. A common feature of a number of these therapies is that they inhibit production of inflammatory mediators. The concept that localized inflammatory processes play a role in the development of diabetic retinopathy is relatively new, but evidence that supports the hypothesis is accumulating rapidly. This new hypothesis offers new insight into the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy, and offers novel targets to inhibit the ocular disease.
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36
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Solé M, Hernandez-Guillamon M, Boada M, Unzeta M. p53 phosphorylation is involved in vascular cell death induced by the catalytic activity of membrane-bound SSAO/VAP-1. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2008; 1783:1085-94. [PMID: 18348872 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2008.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2007] [Revised: 01/30/2008] [Accepted: 02/13/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Semicarbazide sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) is a multifunctional enzyme present mainly in adipocytes, endothelial and smooth muscle cells. It metabolizes primary aliphatic and aromatic amines generating products able to contribute to cellular oxidative stress. SSAO is expressed in a membrane-bound form and is also present as a soluble enzyme in plasma. Both isoforms are increased in several pathologies, and the catalytic products generated by the soluble enzymatic activity can induce cytotoxicity of vascular cells in culture. We have analyzed whether the transmembrane form of the enzyme is able to produce a cytotoxic effect through methylamine oxidation. Since cells in culture lose the expression of this enzyme, we used an SSAO stably transfected smooth muscle cell line. Herein we report that cell treatment with the substrate methylamine induced a dose and time dependent cytotoxic effect. The tumor suppressor protein p53 played an important role in the molecular pathway involved in this cell death. Moreover, we also observed the induction of PUMA-alpha expression with mitochondrial Bcl-2 family proteins being affected, and final effector caspases being activated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montse Solé
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, (08193) Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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37
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Jalkanen S, Salmi M. VAP-1 and CD73, Endothelial Cell Surface Enzymes in Leukocyte Extravasation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2008; 28:18-26. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.107.153130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Leukocyte extravasation from the blood into tissues is crucial for normal immune surveillance and in inflammation. Traditionally molecules belonging to selectin, chemokine, integrin, and immunoglobulin super families are thought to mediate the multiple adhesive and activation events needed for a successful emigration cascade. Recently, emerging evidence suggests that enzymes expressed on the surface of endothelial cells and leukocytes also contribute to the leukocyte extravasation cascade. Here we briefly review the role of vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) and CD73, 2 cell surface enzymes, in leukocyte migration form the blood into the tissues. Importantly, specific enzyme inhibitors, gene-deficient mice, and recombinant enzymes have recently unambiguously shown that the catalytic activity of these enzymes regulates the leukocyte traffic. The concept of enzymatic regulation of leukocyte extravasation provides new insight into the multi-step adhesion cascade and opens new possibilities for inhibiting inappropriate inflammatory reaction through the use of small molecule enzyme inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirpa Jalkanen
- From the MediCity Research Laboratory, and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, and the Department of Bacterial and Inflammatory Diseases, National Public Health Institute, Turku, Finland
| | - Marko Salmi
- From the MediCity Research Laboratory, and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, and the Department of Bacterial and Inflammatory Diseases, National Public Health Institute, Turku, Finland
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Strolin Benedetti M, Tipton KF, Whomsley R. Amine oxidases and monooxygenases in the in vivo metabolism of xenobiotic amines in humans: has the involvement of amine oxidases been neglected? Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2007; 21:467-80. [PMID: 17868200 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2007.00498.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this review, the major enzyme systems involved in vivo in the oxidative metabolism of xenobiotic amines in humans are discussed, i.e. the monooxygenases [cytochrome P450 system (CYPs) and flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMOs)] and the amine oxidases (AOs). Concerning the metabolism of xenobiotic amines (drugs in particular) by monoamine oxidases (MAOs), this aspect has been largely neglected in the past. An exception is the extensive investigation carried out on the inhibition of the metabolism of tyramine, when tyramine-containing food is ingested by subjects taking inhibitors of MAO A or of both MAO A and B. Moreover, investigations in humans on the metabolism of drug amines on the market by AOs, such as semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidases (SSAOs) and polyamine oxidases (PAOs), are practically nonexistent, with the exception of amlodipine. In contrast to MAOs, monooxygenases (CYP isoenzymes more than FMOs) have been extensively investigated concerning their involvement in the metabolism of xenobiotics. It is possible that the contribution of AOs to the overall metabolism of xenobiotic amines in humans is underestimated or erroneously estimated, as most investigations of drug metabolism are performed using in vitro test systems optimized for CYP activity, such as liver microsomes, and most investigations of drug metabolism in vivo in humans carry out only the identification of the final, stable metabolites. However, for some drugs on the market, the involvement of MAOs in their in vivo metabolism in humans has been demonstrated recently, among these drugs citalopram, sertraline and the triptans are examples that can be mentioned.
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Negre-Salvayre A, Coatrieux C, Ingueneau C, Salvayre R. Advanced lipid peroxidation end products in oxidative damage to proteins. Potential role in diseases and therapeutic prospects for the inhibitors. Br J Pharmacol 2007; 153:6-20. [PMID: 17643134 PMCID: PMC2199390 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 614] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive carbonyl compounds (RCCs) formed during lipid peroxidation and sugar glycoxidation, namely Advanced lipid peroxidation end products (ALEs) and Advanced Glycation end products (AGEs), accumulate with ageing and oxidative stress-related diseases, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes or neurodegenerative diseases. RCCs induce the 'carbonyl stress' characterized by the formation of adducts and cross-links on proteins, which progressively leads to impaired protein function and damages in all tissues, and pathological consequences including cell dysfunction, inflammatory response and apoptosis. The prevention of carbonyl stress involves the use of free radical scavengers and antioxidants that prevent the generation of lipid peroxidation products, but are inefficient on pre-formed RCCs. Conversely, carbonyl scavengers prevent carbonyl stress by inhibiting the formation of protein cross-links. While a large variety of AGE inhibitors has been developed, only few carbonyl scavengers have been tested on ALE-mediated effects. This review summarizes the signalling properties of ALEs and ALE-precursors, their role in the pathogenesis of oxidative stress-associated diseases, and the different agents efficient in neutralizing ALEs effects in vitro and in vivo. The generation of drugs sharing both antioxidant and carbonyl scavenger properties represents a new therapeutic challenge in the treatment of carbonyl stress-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Negre-Salvayre
- INSERM U858, IFR-31 and Biochemistry Department, CHU Rangueil, University Toulouse-3, Toulouse, France.
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Bechara EJH, Dutra F, Cardoso VES, Sartori A, Olympio KPK, Penatti CAA, Adhikari A, Assunção NA. The dual face of endogenous alpha-aminoketones: pro-oxidizing metabolic weapons. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2007; 146:88-110. [PMID: 16920403 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2006.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2006] [Revised: 06/26/2006] [Accepted: 07/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Amino metabolites with potential prooxidant properties, particularly alpha-aminocarbonyls, are the focus of this review. Among them we emphasize 5-aminolevulinic acid (a heme precursor formed from succinyl-CoA and glycine), aminoacetone (a threonine and glycine metabolite), and hexosamines and hexosimines, formed by Schiff condensation of hexoses with basic amino acid residues of proteins. All these metabolites were shown, in vitro, to undergo enolization and subsequent aerobic oxidation, yielding oxyradicals and highly cyto- and genotoxic alpha-oxoaldehydes. Their metabolic roles in health and disease are examined here and compared in humans and experimental animals, including rats, quail, and octopus. In the past two decades, we have concentrated on two endogenous alpha-aminoketones: (i) 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), accumulated in acquired (e.g., lead poisoning) and inborn (e.g., intermittent acute porphyria) porphyric disorders, and (ii) aminoacetone (AA), putatively overproduced in diabetes mellitus and cri-du-chat syndrome. ALA and AA have been implicated as contributing sources of oxyradicals and oxidative stress in these diseases. The end product of ALA oxidation, 4,5-dioxovaleric acid (DOVA), is able to alkylate DNA guanine moieties, promote protein cross-linking, and damage GABAergic receptors of rat brain synaptosome preparations. In turn, methylglyoxal (MG), the end product of AA oxidation, is also highly cytotoxic and able to release iron from ferritin and copper from ceruloplasmin, and to aggregate proteins. This review covers chemical and biochemical aspects of these alpha-aminoketones and their putative roles in the oxidative stress associated with porphyrias, tyrosinosis, diabetes, and cri-du-chat. In addition, we comment briefly on a side prooxidant behaviour of hexosamines, that are known to constitute building blocks of several glycoproteins and to be involved in Schiff base-mediated enzymatic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etelvino J H Bechara
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Dutra
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa E S Cardoso
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriano Sartori
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Kelly P K Olympio
- Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Avishek Adhikari
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nilson A Assunção
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Sell DR, Strauch CM, Shen W, Monnier VM. 2-aminoadipic acid is a marker of protein carbonyl oxidation in the aging human skin: effects of diabetes, renal failure and sepsis. Biochem J 2007; 404:269-77. [PMID: 17313367 PMCID: PMC1868793 DOI: 10.1042/bj20061645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in longlived proteins oxidatively deaminates with age forming the carbonyl compound, allysine (alpha-aminoadipic acid-delta-semialdehyde), which can further oxidize into 2-aminoadipic acid. In the present study, we measured both products in insoluble human skin collagen from n=117 individuals of age range 10-90 years, of which n=61 and n=56 were non-diabetic and diabetic respectively, and a total of n=61 individuals had either acute or chronic renal failure. Allysine was reduced by borohydride into 6-hydroxynorleucine and both products were measured in acid hydrolysates by selective ion monitoring gas chromatography (GC)-MS. The results showed that 2-aminoadipic acid (P<0.0001), but not 6-hydroxynorleucine (P=0.14), significantly increased with age reaching levels of 1 and 0.3 mmol/mol lysine at late age respectively. Diabetes in the absence of renal failure significantly (P<0.0001) increased 2-aminoadipic acid up to <3 mmol/mol, but not 6-hydroxynorleucine (levels<0.4 mmol/mol, P=0.18). Renal failure even in the absence of diabetes markedly increased levels reaching up to <0.5 and 8 mmol/mol for 6-hydroxynorleucine and 2-aminoadipic acid respectively. Septicaemia significantly (P<0.0001) elevated 2-aminoadipic acid in non-diabetic, but not diabetic individuals, and mildly correlated with other glycoxidation markers, carboxymethyl-lysine and the methylglyoxal-derived products, carboxyethyl-lysine, argpyrimidine and MODIC (methylglyoxal-derived imidazolium cross-link). These results provide support for the presence of metal-catalysed oxidation (the Suyama pathway) in diabetes and the possible activation of myeloperoxidase during sepsis. We conclude that 2-aminoadipic acid is a more reliable marker for protein oxidation than its precursor, allysine. Its mechanism of formation in each of these conditions needs to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Sell
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Wolstein Research Building, 2103 Cornell Road, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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Yabanoglu S, Ucar G, Gokhan N, Salgin U, Yesilada A, Bilgin AA. Interaction of rat lung SSAO with the novel 1-N-substituted thiocarbamoyl-3-substituted phenyl-5-(2-pyrolyl)-2-pyrazoline derivatives. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2007; 114:769-73. [PMID: 17385065 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-007-0686-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2006] [Accepted: 11/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Interactions of twelve new synthesized 1-N-substituted thiocarbamoyl-3-substituted phenyl-5-pyrolyl-2-pyrazoline derivatives with rat lung semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) were assessed. Pyrazoline derivatives were synthesized according to previous methods and SSAO was purified from the crude microsomal fractions of rat lung.Three compounds (3e, 3f, 3k) with a p-methoxy group at the phenyl ring inhibited rat lung SSAO non-competitively and irreversibly, and showed higher affinity towards SSAO when expressed in terms of IC(50) for SSAO/Monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B). Since these novel pyrazoline derivatives have been found to act as suicide inhibitors of SSAO, the semicarbazide group in these molecules may be responsible for the SSAO inhibitory action. It is suggested that these compounds cannot enter the first small active site cavity of SSAO and may interact tightly with another binding site or with some other reactive groups present in the molecule. Compound 3e showed the highest inhibitory activity on rat lung SSAO. The novel pyrazoline derivatives may be used to discriminate between Cu- and FAD-containing amine oxidases and may have promising features as anti-Parkinson agents if the SSAO-inhibitory effects can be supported by in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yabanoglu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Wood PL, Khan MA, Moskal JR, Todd KG, Tanay VAMI, Baker G. Aldehyde load in ischemia-reperfusion brain injury: neuroprotection by neutralization of reactive aldehydes with phenelzine. Brain Res 2006; 1122:184-90. [PMID: 17026969 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2006] [Revised: 08/31/2006] [Accepted: 09/03/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In ongoing studies of the neuroprotective properties of monoamine oxidase inhibitors, we found that phenelzine provided robust neuroprotection in the gerbil model of transient forebrain ischemia, with drug administration delayed up to 3 h post reperfusion. Since ischemia-reperfusion brain injury is associated with large increases in the concentrations of reactive aldehydes in the penumbra area, we investigated if the hydrazine function of phenelzine was capable of sequestering reactive aldehydes. Both aminoaldehydes and acrolein are generated from the metabolism of polyamines to putrescine by polyamine oxidase. These toxic aldehydes in turn compromise mitochondrial and lysosomal integrity and initiate apoptosis and necrosis. Previous studies have demonstrated that pharmacological neutralization of reactive aldehydes via the formation of thioacetal derivatives results in significant neuroprotection in ischemia-reperfusion injury, in both focal and global ischemia models. In our studies of acrolein and 3-aminopropanal toxicity, using an immortalized retinal cell line, we found that aldehyde sequestration with phenelzine was neuroprotective. The neuroprotection observed with phenelzine is in agreement with previous studies of aldehyde sequestering agents in the treatment of ischemia-reperfusion brain injury and supports the concept that "aldehyde load" is a major factor in the delayed cell losses of the ischemic penumbra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul L Wood
- The Falk Center for Molecular Therapeutics, Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Northwestern University, 1801 Maple Ave., Suite 4306, Evanston, IL 60201, USA.
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Peyroux J, Sternberg M. Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs): pharmacological inhibition in diabetes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 54:405-19. [PMID: 16978799 DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2006.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
AGE inhibitors may act by various mechanisms at different steps of advanced glycation endproduct (AGE) formation (depending on oxidative stress and/or carbonyl stress) and AGE-mediated damage: trapping of reactive dicarbonyl species; antioxidant activity by transition metal chelation; other antioxidant activity including free radical scavenging; AGE cross-link breaking; AGE receptor (RAGE) blocking; RAGE signaling blocking; glycemia reduction by anti-diabetic therapy; aldose reductase inhibition; shunting of trioses-P towards the pentose-P pathway by transketolase activation. Most of the inhibitors have several sites of action. Practically one can distinguish drugs specifically developed as AGE inhibitors or AGE breakers; RAGE and receptor signaling blockers; other therapeutic compounds which were found subsequently to possess also AGE inhibitor activity, including dietary antioxidants. Encouraging results obtained in studies of various AGE inhibitors, conducted in vitro and in diabetic animals, are summarized in this review. However most of the clinical trials have been more or less disappointing, in part because of side effects; the long-term therapeutic interest of the most recently developed AGE inhibitors or breakers remains to be demonstrated in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Peyroux
- Equipe de recherche Protéines Modifiées, Protéases et Physiopathologie de l'Endothélium Vasculaire, laboratoire de pharmacologie, faculté de pharmacie, université Paris-V, Paris, France
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Somfai GM, Knippel B, Ruzicska E, Stadler K, Tóth M, Salacz G, Magyar K, Somogyi A. Soluble semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) activity is related to oxidative stress and subchronic inflammation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Neurochem Int 2006; 48:746-52. [PMID: 16524643 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2005.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2005] [Revised: 12/08/2005] [Accepted: 12/20/2005] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is known to increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia via oxidative stress and inflammation. There are speculations that SSAO activity might be related to the development of AD. Our aim was to investigate whether changes of soluble SSAO activity, oxidative stress and inflammation markers are related to each other in diabetes. Soluble and tissue-bound SSAO activities (from serum and aorta, respectively) were determined in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats without insulin treatment, receiving insulin once, or twice daily compared to control animals. After three weeks of treatment soluble and tissue-bound SSAO activities (seSSAO and aoSSAO, respectively), serum total antioxidant status (TAS), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), fructose amine levels and routine laboratory parameters were determined. SeSSAO activity significantly increased in the diabetic groups without treatment and receiving insulin once daily, and a marked decrease in aoSSAO activity was seen in all diabetic groups. Increased oxidative stress was correlated with hsCRP elevation, while hsCRP and seSSAO activity were also significantly correlated. In all groups seSSAO and aoSSAO activities were in negative correlation with each other. Our results support the view that poor metabolic control leads to increased oxidative stress, which in turn may cause the elevation of hsCRP levels. Soluble SSAO on the one hand acts as an adhesion molecule--thus possibly being a factor responsible for the late complications of diabetes--and on the other hand, it may contribute to oxidative stress. Our parsimonious conclusion is that there is a relation between the risk factors of AD and vascular dementia (diabetes, oxidative stress and chronic inflammation) and SSAO activity, which may originate from the vessel wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Márk Somfai
- Faculty of Medicine, 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Mária str. 39, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary.
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Obata T. Diabetes and semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) activity: A review. Life Sci 2006; 79:417-22. [PMID: 16487546 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2006.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2005] [Revised: 12/29/2005] [Accepted: 01/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) activity has been reported to be elevated in blood from diabetic patients. SSAO are widely distributed in plasma membranes of various tissues and blood plasma. SSAO-mediated production of toxic aldehydes has been proposed to be related to pathophysiological conditions. Cytotoxic metabolites by SSAO may cause endothelial injury and subsequently induce atherosclerosis. The precise physiological functions of SSAO could play an important role in the control of energy balance in adipose tissue. It is possible that the increased SSAO activity in diabetes may be a result of up-regulation due to increase of SSAO substrates, such as methylamine or aminoacetone. SSAO could play an important role in the regulation of adipocyte homeostasis. Inhibition of SSAO could be of therapeutic value for treatment of diabetic patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Obata
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ohu University, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8611, Japan.
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O'Brien PJ, Siraki AG, Shangari N. Aldehyde sources, metabolism, molecular toxicity mechanisms, and possible effects on human health. Crit Rev Toxicol 2006; 35:609-62. [PMID: 16417045 DOI: 10.1080/10408440591002183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 501] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Aldehydes are organic compounds that are widespread in nature. They can be formed endogenously by lipid peroxidation (LPO), carbohydrate or metabolism ascorbate autoxidation, amine oxidases, cytochrome P-450s, or myeloperoxidase-catalyzed metabolic activation. This review compares the reactivity of many aldehydes towards biomolecules particularly macromolecules. Furthermore, it includes not only aldehydes of environmental or occupational concerns but also dietary aldehydes and aldehydes formed endogenously by intermediary metabolism. Drugs that are aldehydes or form reactive aldehyde metabolites that cause side-effect toxicity are also included. The effects of these aldehydes on biological function, their contribution to human diseases, and the role of nucleic acid and protein carbonylation/oxidation in mutagenicity and cytotoxicity mechanisms, respectively, as well as carbonyl signal transduction and gene expression, are reviewed. Aldehyde metabolic activation and detoxication by metabolizing enzymes are also reviewed, as well as the toxicological and anticancer therapeutic effects of metabolizing enzyme inhibitors. The human health risks from clinical and animal research studies are reviewed, including aldehydes as haptens in allergenic hypersensitivity diseases, respiratory allergies, and idiosyncratic drug toxicity; the potential carcinogenic risks of the carbonyl body burden; and the toxic effects of aldehydes in liver disease, embryo toxicity/teratogenicity, diabetes/hypertension, sclerosing peritonitis, cerebral ischemia/neurodegenerative diseases, and other aging-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J O'Brien
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Cioni L, De Siena G, Ghelardini C, Sernissi O, Alfarano C, Pirisino R, Raimondi L. Activity and expression of semicarbazide-sensitive benzylamine oxidase in a rodent model of diabetes: interactive effects with methylamine and alpha-aminoguanidine. Eur J Pharmacol 2005; 529:179-87. [PMID: 16325802 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2005] [Revised: 10/21/2005] [Accepted: 10/26/2005] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Previous data indicate that methylamine injection in fasted healthy mice produced a hypophagic effect dependent of neuronal K(v)1.6 channels expression and increased by alpha-aminoguanidine, an inhibitor of semicarbazide-sensitive benzylamine oxidase enzymes mainly involved in amine degradation. In the present work we have investigated: 1) the level of expression and activity of the semicarbazide-sensitive benzylamine oxidase; 2) the effect of methylamine alone and in the presence of alpha-aminoguanidine on food intake of genetic obese and type II diabetes mice (the db/db mice). Db/db mice showed higher levels of semicarbazide-sensitive benzylamine oxidase activities in adipose tissue and in plasma than their lean counterpart (db/db(+) mice). Methylamine (30-75 microg, i.c.v.) showed similar hypophagic effects in obese and lean mice consistently with the levels of neuronal K(v)1.6 found in both animal strains. Alpha-aminoguandine (50 mg/kg, i.p.) increased methylamine (i.c.v.) hypophagia in both obese and lean mice and only in obese mice when methylamine was given i.p. These results suggest a crucial role of semicarbazide-sensitive benzylamine oxidase activity in controlling methylamine hypophagia in hyperphagic diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cioni
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Florence, Italy
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Visentin V, Bour S, Boucher J, Prévot D, Valet P, Ordener C, Parini A, Carpéné C. Glucose handling in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats is improved by tyramine but not by the amine oxidase inhibitor semicarbazide. Eur J Pharmacol 2005; 522:139-46. [PMID: 16202994 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2005] [Revised: 08/08/2005] [Accepted: 08/15/2005] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A soluble form of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) circulating in plasma is known to increase in type 1 and 2 diabetes. This cuproenzyme generates hydrogen peroxide, ammonia, and aldehydes when oxidizing circulating biogenic or exogenous amines. Based on the angiotoxicity of these products, inhibition of SSAO has been proposed to prevent vascular complications of diabetes. However, substrates of SSAO and monoamine oxidase (MAO) have been recently evidenced to activate glucose utilisation in insulin-sensitive tissues and to exhibit antihyperglycemic actions. To determine whether amine oxidase blockade or activation could be beneficial for diabetes, we aimed at comparing the influence of prolonged treatments with semicarbazide (SSAO-inhibitor), pargyline (MAO-inhibitor), or tyramine (amine oxidase substrate) on amine oxidase activities and glycemic control in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The increase in plasma SSAO was confirmed in diabetic rats, while MAO and SSAO were decreased in subcutaneous adipose tissue when compared with normoglycemic controls. Among the diabetic rats, only those receiving tyramine exhibited slightly decreased hyperglycemia and improved glucose tolerance. Adipocytes from untreated or treated diabetic rats shared similar sensitivity to insulin. However glucose uptake activation and lipolysis inhibition in response to amine oxidase substrates combined with vanadate were impaired in rats treated with amine oxidase inhibitors. Thus, amine oxidase inhibition does not improve metabolic control while prolonged administration of tyramine slightly improves glucose disposal. It is therefore concluded that amine oxidase activation by increased substrate supply elicits insulin-like actions that may be more beneficial in diabetes than SSAO inhibition formerly proposed to prevent vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgile Visentin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U586, IFR 31, Bat. L3, CHU Rangueil, Toulouse, France
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Boomsma F, Pedersen-Bjergaard U, Agerholm-Larsen B, Hut H, Dhamrait SS, Thorsteinsson B, van den Meiracker AH. Association between plasma activities of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase and angiotensin-converting enzyme in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 2005; 48:1002-7. [PMID: 15830186 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-005-1716-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2004] [Accepted: 12/03/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Plasma semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) is elevated in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes and has been implicated in the pathophysiology of diabetic late complications. The regulation of SSAO production remains unknown. We studied correlations between plasma SSAO activity and parameters associated with diabetic late complications. METHODS Plasma SSAO was measured in a well-characterised group of 287 patients with type 1 diabetes. Standard statistical methods were used to investigate correlations with clinical parameters and components of the renin-angiotensin system. RESULTS Overall, plasma SSAO was elevated, at 693+/-196 mU/l (mean+/-SD; normal controls 352+/-102 mU/l). Plasma SSAO was higher in the group with late complications or hypertension, and in patients treated with ACE-inhibitors. In univariate analysis a significant positive correlation (p<0.001, r=0.27) was found between plasma SSAO and serum ACE activity in patients untreated with ACE inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor antagonists (n=221), but plasma SSAO did not differ by ACE I/D genotype. Plasma SSAO correlated positively with duration of diabetes, HbA(1)c and plasma renin, and negatively with plasma angiotensinogen and body mass index. A multiple regression analysis including these variables resulted in serum ACE activity (p<0.001), ACE genotype (negatively, p<0.001) and HbA(1)c (p=0.023) as explaining variables. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Results suggest that a common factor is involved in the regulation of both plasma SSAO and serum ACE, which is different from the genetic determination of ACE activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Boomsma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Room Bd-234, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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