1
|
Rueger MS, Lechner-Meichsner F, Kirschbaum L, Lubik S, Roll SC, Steil R. Prolonged grief disorder in an inpatient psychiatric sample: psychometric properties of a new clinical interview and preliminary prevalence. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:333. [PMID: 38693470 PMCID: PMC11064282 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05784-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD) was newly included in the ICD-11 and DSM-5-TR. It is not yet part of the standard assessments in many healthcare systems, including psychiatric wards. Because disordered grief is associated with suicidality, sleep problems and substance use disorders, an investigation into PGD in psychiatric inpatients is warranted. METHOD We interviewed N = 101 psychiatric inpatients who were admitted to the open psychiatric wards and the day hospital of a German psychiatric hospital and who had lost a person close to them. Assessments comprised clinical interviews and self-report instruments covering PGD and other mental disorders. We specifically developed the International Interview for Prolonged Grief Disorder according to ICD-11 (I-PGD-11) for the study and examined its psychometric properties. RESULTS The prevalence rate of PGD among bereaved patients according to ICD-11 was 16.83% and according to DSM-5-TR 10.89%. The I-PGD-11 showed good psychometric properties (Mc Donald's ω = 0.89, ICC = 0.985). Being female, having lost a child or spouse, and unnatural or surprising circumstances of the death were associated with higher PGD scores. TRIAL REGISTRATION Approval was obtained by the ethics committee of the of the Goethe University Frankfurt (2021-62, 2023-17) and the Chamber of Hessian Physicians (2021-2730-evBO). The study was preregistered ( https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/K98MF ). LIMITATIONS We only assessed inpatients of one psychiatric clinic in Germany, limiting the generalizability of our findings. CONCLUSION The present study underlines the importance of exploring loss and grief in psychiatric inpatients and including PGD in the assessments. Given that a significant minority of psychiatric inpatients has prolonged grief symptoms, more research into inpatient treatment programs is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam Sophie Rueger
- Department Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Varrentrappstraße 40-42, 60486, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | | | - Lotte Kirschbaum
- Department Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Varrentrappstraße 40-42, 60486, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Silke Lubik
- Klinik für psychische Gesundheit, varisano Klinikum Frankfurt Höchst, Gotenstraße 6-8, 65929, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sibylle C Roll
- Klinik für psychische Gesundheit, varisano Klinikum Frankfurt Höchst, Gotenstraße 6-8, 65929, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Regina Steil
- Department Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Varrentrappstraße 40-42, 60486, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Giacomini I, Martins MRO, Matijasevich A, Cardoso MA. Internal consistency of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in Amazonian children. Rev Saude Publica 2024; 57Suppl 2:4s. [PMID: 38422333 PMCID: PMC10897965 DOI: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2023057005562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the frequency of behavioral problems and the internal consistency of the parent version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ-P) in Amazonian preschool children during the covid-19 pandemic. METHODS Data from the Maternal and Child Health and Nutrition in Acre (MINA-Brazil) study, a population-based birth cohort in the Western Brazilian Amazon, were used. The SDQ-P was applied in 2021 at the five-year follow-up visit to parents or caregivers of 695 children (49.4% of which were girls). This instrument is a short behavioral screening questionnaire composed of 25 items reorganized into five subscales: emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity/inattention, peer relationship problems, and prosocial behavior. Cases of behavioral problems were defined according to the original SDQ cut-offs based on United Kingdom norms. Moreover, cut off points were estimated based on the SDQ-P percentile results of our study sample. Internal consistency was assessed by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient and McDonald's omega for each scale. RESULTS According to the cut-offs based on our studied population distribution, 10% of all children had high or very high total difficulty scores, whereas it was almost twice when the original SDQ cut-offs based on United Kingdom norms, were applied (18%). Differences were also observed in the other scales. Compared to girls, boys showed higher means of externalizing problem and lower means of prosocial behavior. The five-factor model showed a moderate internal consistency of the items for all scales (0.60 ≤ α ≤ 0.40), except for total difficulty scores, which it considered substantial (α > 0.61). CONCLUSIONS Our results support the usefulness of SDQ in our study population and reinforce the need for strategies and policy development for mental health care in early life in the Amazon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Giacomini
- Universidade de São PauloFaculdade de Saúde PúblicaSão PauloSPBrasilUniversidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Saúde Pública. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição em Saúde Pública. São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Maria Rosário O. Martins
- Universidade NOVA de LisboaInstituto de Higiene e Medicina TropicalLisboaPortugalUniversidade NOVA de Lisboa. Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Saúde Global e Medicina Tropical. Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Alicia Matijasevich
- Universidade de São PauloFaculdade de MedicinaDepartamento de Medicina PreventivaSão PauloSPBrasilUniversidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Medicina. Departamento de Medicina Preventiva. São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Marly A. Cardoso
- Universidade de São PauloFaculdade de Saúde PúblicaDepartamento de NutriçãoSão PauloSPBrasilUniversidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Saúde Pública. Departamento de Nutrição. São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Plishty S, Terehovsky BE, Solan M, Cohen-Yeruchimovich T, Paldi R, Doron Y, Apter A, Brunstein-Klomek A. Revisiting the intake policy at the mental child and adolescent clinics. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 162:214-219. [PMID: 37178518 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The psychiatric intake interview is crucial for the delivery of quality care. Currently, the interview in most public clinics varies in nature. It often consists of a clinical face-to-face interview (structured/unstructured) with or without self-report questionnaires (systematic/non-systematic). By integrating structured computerized self-report questionnaires into the intake, the assessment process could be shortened, and diagnostic accuracy increased. OBJECTIVES The study aims to assess whether adding structured computerized questionnaires will increase the efficacy of the intake process, as indicates by shortened intakes and a higher level of diagnostic accuracy, for children and adolescents in mental health clinics in Israel. METHODOLOGY Patients (Mage = 8.62, SDage = 1.86; 33.8% females) referred to the youth mental health clinic of Maccabi HaSharon district, were included in either the CIA group (Comprehensive Intake Assessment - with questionnaires) or IAU group (Intake as Usual - without questionnaires). RESULTS In terms of accuracy and time measurements, the CIA group had higher diagnostic accuracy and a shorter intake duration of 6.63 min, almost 15% of an intake meeting, compared to the IAU group. No differences were found in satisfaction and therapeutic alliance between the groups. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS More accurate diagnosis is essential to tailor the appropriate treatment for the child's needs. Moreover, reducing intake time by a few minutes contributes significantly to the ongoing activities of mental health clinics. With this reduction, more intakes can be scheduled at a given time, optimizing the intake process, and reducing long wait times, which are increasing due to the growing demand for psychotherapeutic and psychiatric care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarit Plishty
- Child and Adolescence Mental Health Clinic of Maccabi Health Services, HaSharon District, Netanya, Israel
| | - Bat-El Terehovsky
- Child and Adolescence Mental Health Clinic of Maccabi Health Services, HaSharon District, Netanya, Israel; The School of Psychology, Reichman University, Herzliya, Israel
| | - Maly Solan
- Child and Adolescence Mental Health Clinic of Maccabi Health Services, HaSharon District, Netanya, Israel
| | - Tali Cohen-Yeruchimovich
- Child and Adolescence Mental Health Clinic of Maccabi Health Services, HaSharon District, Netanya, Israel
| | - Romi Paldi
- The School of Psychology, Reichman University, Herzliya, Israel
| | - Yonit Doron
- The School of Psychology, Reichman University, Herzliya, Israel
| | - Alan Apter
- The School of Psychology, Reichman University, Herzliya, Israel
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kovess-Masfety V, Frounfelker RL, Keyes K, Karam E, Sabawoon A, Sarwari BA, Husky M, Kaur N, Rousseau C. Education as a protective factor for mental health risks among youth living in highly dangerous regions in Afghanistan. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2023; 17:12. [PMID: 36691033 PMCID: PMC9869819 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-022-00548-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children in Afghanistan live in dangerous areas, and have been exposed to traumatic events and chaotic education. Progress has been made on access to education for girls who were the most affected by traditional attitudes against engagement in education. OBJECTIVES The objectives were to evaluate the mental health of Afghan children living in regions of conflict and the association of mental health with school attendance for girls and boys. METHOD The study included 2707 school aged children in eight regions of Afghanistan (16 provinces) residing in households recruited through a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling strategy in 2017. The level of terrorist threat was evaluated by the intensity of terrorist attacks recorded that year in each province. Child mental health was assessed with the parental report Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) along with information on school attendance, sociodemographic characteristics and geographic location. RESULTS A total of 52.75% of children had scores above threshold for the SDQ total difficulties score, 39.19% for emotional difficulties, 51.98% for conduct challenges, and 15.37% for hyperactivity/inattention. Peer relationship problems were high (82.86%) and 12.38% reported that these problems impacted daily life. The level of terrorist threat was associated with SDQ total difficulties (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 4.08, P < 0.0001), with youth in regions with high levels of terrorist threat more likely to have problems than youth in regions with low or medium levels of danger, independent of region and ethnicity. School attendance was negatively associated with emotional symptoms (AOR = 0.65, P < 0.0001) and mental health difficulties with impairment (AOR = 0.67, P = 0.007), but positively associated with peer relationships difficulties (AOR = 1.96, P > 0.0001). Conduct (AOR = 1.66, P < .0001) and SDQ total difficulties (AOR = 1.22, P = 0.019) were higher among boys. Overall, gender did not modify the relationship between school attendance and child mental health. CONCLUSION Attending school is essential for children's mental health, across gender, and should be supported as a priority in Afghanistan despite the return of the Taliban.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V. Kovess-Masfety
- grid.10988.380000 0001 2173 743XLPPS, University of Paris, Paris, France ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - R. L. Frounfelker
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada ,grid.259029.50000 0004 1936 746XDepartment of Community and Population Health, College of Health, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA USA
| | - K. Keyes
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY USA
| | - E. Karam
- grid.429040.bInstitute for Development, Research, Advocacy & Applied Care (IDRAAC), Beirut, Lebanon ,grid.416659.90000 0004 1773 3761Department of Psychiatry & Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, St. George Hospital University Medical Center University of Balamand, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ajmal Sabawoon
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. .,Governance Institute of Afghanistan (GI-A), Kabul, Afghanistan. .,Kabul University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kabul, Afghanistan.
| | - Bashir Ahmad Sarwari
- grid.490670.cDepartment of Mental Health & Substance Abuse, Primary Health Care Directorate, Ministry of Public Health, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - M. Husky
- grid.412041.20000 0001 2106 639XLaboratoire de Psychologie EA4139, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - N. Kaur
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY USA
| | - C. Rousseau
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
How does subjective social status affect internalizing and externalizing problems among Syrian refugee adolescents? CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03002-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Although previous studies found the importance of community subjective social status for adolescent health, its relationship with mental health problems among refugee adolescents is unclear. To close this gap, we examined the nature of the relationship between subjective social status and externalizing problems in refugee adolescents. We carried out a cross-sectional study among three hundred and six 11–18-year-old Syrian refugee adolescents in Turkey. The measurements of the study were the MacArthur Scale of Subjective Social Status, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), the Depression Self Rating Scale for Children (DSRS-C), and the Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale (SCAS). The results supported the idea that adolescent’s community subjective social status may affect internalizing problems directly and externalizing problems indirectly via internalizing problems. The mediation effect of the internalizing problems on the relationship between subjective social status and externalizing problems were confirmed by three separate mediation models. The results were discussed in terms of previous literature.
Collapse
|
6
|
Raess M, Valeria Maria Brentani A, Flückiger B, Ledebur de Antas de Campos B, Fink G, Röösli M. Association between community noise and children's cognitive and behavioral development: A prospective cohort study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 158:106961. [PMID: 34739922 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Noise exposure has been associated with adverse cognitive and behavioral outcomes in children, but evidence on longitudinal associations between community noise and child development in low- and middle-income countries is rare. We investigated associations between community noise and behavioral and cognitive development in preschool children in São Paulo. METHODS We linked child development data from the São Paulo Western Region Birth Cohort with average (Lden) and night-time (Lnight) community noise exposure at children's home, estimated by means of a land use regression model using various predictors (roads, schools, greenness, residential and informal settlements). Outcomes were the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and Regional Project on Child Development Indicators (PRIDI) at 3 years of age and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and International Development and Early Learning Assessment (IDELA) at 6 years of age. We investigated the relationship between noise exposure and development using cross-sectional and longitudinal regression models. RESULTS Data from 3385 children at 3 years of age and 1546 children at 6 years of age were analysed. Mean Lden and Lnight levels were 70.3 dB and 61.2 dB, respectively. In cross-sectional analyses a 10 dB increase of Lden above 70 dB was associated with a 32% increase in the odds of borderline or abnormal SDQ total difficulties score (OR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.04; 1.68) and 0.72 standard deviation (SD) increase in the CBCL total problems z-score (95% CI: 0.55; 0.88). No cross-sectional association was found for cognitive development. In longitudinal analyses, each 10 dB increase was associated with a 0.52 SD increase in behavioral problems (95% CI: 0.28; 0.77) and a 0.27 SD decrease in cognition (95%-CI: 0.55; 0.00). Results for Lnight above 60 dB were similar. DISCUSSION Our findings suggest that community noise exposure above Lden of 70 dB and Lnight of 60 dB may impair behavioral and cognitive development of preschool children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Raess
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Benjamin Flückiger
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bartolomeu Ledebur de Antas de Campos
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Günther Fink
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Röösli
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Muratori P, Paciello M, Castro E, Levantini V, Masi G, Milone A, Senese VP, Pisano S, Catone G. At-risk early adolescents profiles in the community: A cluster analysis using the strengths and difficulties questionnaire. Psychiatry Res 2021; 305:114209. [PMID: 34543850 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Early adolescence, with its several changes and demands, represents a delicate period of life. Several studies highlighted that during early adolescence, emotional and behavioral problems tend to increase. Using a person-centered approach, the present study explored the emotional and behavioral functioning profiles in a sample of Italian preadolescent students. Participants were 2959 youths (1533 males and 1426 females; age 10-14 years); they completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and the Inventory of Callous Unemotional traits (ICU). Findings revealed four different profiles: "no psychopathology" (41.5%), "low psychopathology with sub-threshold hyperactivity" (33%), "predominantly internalizing" (19%), and "predominantly externalizing" (6.5%). The two latter clusters are characterized by high levels of SDQ Total Score. The "predominantly internalizing" is distinguished by a higher prevalence of females, and the "predominantly externalizing" by a higher prevalence of males and higher CU traits. A person-oriented approach allowed for identifying subgroups of early adolescents who may significantly vary in their configuration of internalizing and externalizing problems. Such subgroups may reflect youths for whom the creation of prevention and intervention programs could be more tailored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Muratori
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Pisa, Italy.
| | | | - Emanuela Castro
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Levantini
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Masi
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Pisa, Italy
| | - Annarita Milone
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Simone Pisano
- Department of Neuroscience, Santobono-Pausilipon Hospital, Naples, Italy; Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Gennaro Catone
- Department of Educational, Psychological and Communication Sciences, Suor Orsola Benincasa University, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Feeny S, Posso A, Skali A, Jyotishi A, Nath S, Viswanathan PK. Child labor and psychosocial wellbeing: Findings from India. HEALTH ECONOMICS 2021; 30:876-902. [PMID: 33554398 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mental health is a neglected health issue in developing countries. We test if mental health issues are particularly likely to occur among some of the most vulnerable children in developing countries: those that work. Despite falling in recent decades, child labor still engages 168 million children across the world. While the negative impacts of child labor on physical health are well documented, the effect of child labor on a child's psychosocial wellbeing has been neglected. We investigate this issue with a new dataset of 947 children aged 12-18 years from 750 households in 20 villages across five districts of Tamil Nadu, India. Our purpose-built survey allows for a holistic approach to the analysis of child wellbeing by accounting for levels of happiness, hope, emotional wellbeing, self-efficacy, fear and stress. We use a variety of econometric approaches, some of which utilize household-level fixed effects and account for differences between working and nonworking siblings. We document a robust, large and negative association between child labor and most measures of psychosocial wellbeing. The results are robust to a battery of exercises, including tests for selection on unobservables, randomization inference, instrumental variable techniques, and falsification exercises.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Feeny
- Centre for International Development, School of Economics, Finance and Marketing, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alberto Posso
- Centre for International Development, School of Economics, Finance and Marketing, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ahmed Skali
- Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Amalendu Jyotishi
- School of Development, Azim Premji University, Bangalore Urban, Karnataka, India
| | - Shyam Nath
- Center for Economics and Governance, Amrita University, Amritapuri, Kerala, India
| | - P K Viswanathan
- Department of Management, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cabaco AS, Urchaga JD, Guevara RM, Moral-García JE. Psychopathological Risk Factors Associated with Body Image, Body Dissatisfaction and Weight-Loss Dieting in School-Age Adolescents. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 8:105. [PMID: 33557161 PMCID: PMC7913906 DOI: 10.3390/children8020105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Determining the comorbidity patterns leading to suffering behavioural eating disorders (BED) that are identifiable in the early stages of life, can help prevent their becoming chronic, as well as preventing the consequences deriving from the cost and effectiveness of intervention programs. The paper focuses mainly on analysing the association between behavioural/emotional risk factors and body image, body satisfaction and diet in school children, as well as confirming whether there are differences based on sex. Several questionnaires (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and several items of Health Behaviour in School-age Children) including these variables were distributed and completed by the 647 adolescents (16 year olds on average) who took part in the research project. The findings confirmed a differentiated risk profile in adolescent girls in that they had greater prevalence of emotional symptoms as a general psychopathological trait, although this was offset with their prosocial behaviour. Additionally, the findings also allowed us to conclude that the factors that predict vulnerability to BEDs are sex, the presence of emotional symptoms and social and behavioural issues. At the end of this paper, we discuss some implications and consequences that should be taken into account for future work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio S. Cabaco
- Faculty of Psychology, Pontifical University of Salamanca, C/Compañía, 5, 37002 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - José D. Urchaga
- Faculty of Communication, Pontifical University of Salamanca, C/Henry Collet, 90–98, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Raquel M. Guevara
- Faculty of Education, Pontifical University of Salamanca, C/Henry Collet, 52–70, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - José E. Moral-García
- Faculty of Education, Pontifical University of Salamanca, C/Henry Collet, 52–70, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lai ET, Schlüter DK, Lange T, Straatmann V, Andersen AMN, Strandberg-Larsen K, Taylor-Robinson D. Understanding pathways to inequalities in child mental health: a counterfactual mediation analysis in two national birth cohorts in the UK and Denmark. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e040056. [PMID: 33046476 PMCID: PMC7552869 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We assessed social inequalities in child mental health problems (MHPs) and how they are mediated by perinatal factors, childhood illness and maternal mental health in two national birth cohorts. DESIGN Longitudinal cohort study SETTING: We used data from the UK Millennium Cohort Study and the Danish National Birth Cohort. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES We applied causal mediation analysis to longitudinal cohort data. Socioeconomic conditions (SECs) at birth were measured by maternal education. Our outcome was child MHPs measured by the Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire at age 11. We estimated natural direct, indirect and total effects (TEs) of SECs on MHPs. We calculated the proportion mediated (PM) via three blocks of mediators-perinatal factors (smoking/alcohol use during pregnancy, birth weight and gestational age), childhood illness and maternal mental health. RESULTS At age 11 years, 9% of children in the UK and 3.8% in Denmark had MHPs. Compared with high SECs, children in low SECs had a higher risk of MHPs (relative risk (RR)=4.3, 95% CI 3.3 to 5.5 in the UK, n=13 112; and RR=6.2, 95% CI 4.9 to 7.8 in Denmark, n=35 764). In the UK, perinatal factors mediated 10.2% (95% CI 4.5 to 15.9) of the TE, and adding maternal mental health tripled the PM to 32.2% (95% CI 25.4 to 39.1). In Denmark, perinatal factors mediated 16.5% (95% CI 11.9 to 21.1) of the TE, and including maternal mental health increased the PM to 16.9% (95% CI 11.2 to 22.6). Adding childhood illness made little difference in either country. CONCLUSION Social inequalities in child mental health are partially explained by perinatal factors in the UK and Denmark. Maternal mental health partially explained inequalities in the UK but not in Denmark.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Tc Lai
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniela K Schlüter
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Theis Lange
- Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Centre for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Viviane Straatmann
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institute & Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anne-Marie Nybo Andersen
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - David Taylor-Robinson
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Salamanca-Buentello F, Seeman MV, Daar AS, Upshur REG. The ethical, social, and cultural dimensions of screening for mental health in children and adolescents of the developing world. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237853. [PMID: 32834012 PMCID: PMC7446846 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite their burden and high prevalence, mental health disorders of children and adolescents remain neglected in many parts of the world. In developing countries, where half of the population is younger than 18 years old, one of every five children and adolescents is estimated to suffer from a mental health disorder. It is then essential to detect these conditions through screening in a timely and accurate manner. But such screening is fraught with considerable ethical, social, and cultural challenges. This study systematically identifies, for the first time, these challenges, along with potential solutions to address them. We report on the results of an international multi- and inter-disciplinary three-round Delphi survey completed by 135 mental health experts from 37 countries. We asked these experts to identify and rank the main ethical, social, and cultural challenges of screening for child and adolescent mental health problems in developing nations, and to propose solutions for each challenge. Thirty-nine significant challenges emerged around eight themes, along with 32 potential solutions organized into seven themes. There was a high degree of consensus among the experts, but a few interesting disagreements arose between members of the panel from high-income countries and those from low- and middle-income nations. The panelists overwhelmingly supported mental health screening for children and adolescents. They recommended ensuring local acceptance and support for screening prior to program initiation, along with careful and comprehensive protection of human rights; integrating screening procedures into primary care; designing and implementing culturally appropriate screening tools, programs, and follow-up; securing long-term funding; expanding capacity building; and task-shifting screening to local non-specialists. These recommendations can serve as a guide for policy and decision-making, resource allocation, and international cooperation. They also offer a novel approach to reduce the burden of these disorders by encouraging their timely and context-sensitive prevention and management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary V. Seeman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abdallah S. Daar
- Departments of Clinical Public Health and Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Ross E. G. Upshur
- Division of Clinical Public Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Bridgepoint Collaboratory for Research and Innovation, Lunenfeld - Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jonsson KR, Busfield J, Södergren M, Karen M, Adjei NK. Social Capital, Deprivation and Psychological Well-Being among Young Adolescents: A Multilevel Study from England and Wales. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E3420. [PMID: 32422976 PMCID: PMC7277447 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Examining the mechanisms influencing mental health and life satisfaction simultaneously allows for a better understanding of adolescents psychological well-being. Six indicators of neighbourhood social capital (NSC), neighbourhood socioeconomic deprivation (SecD) and their association with psychological well-being among young adolescents aged 10-15 from England and Wales were investigated. Using a random sample of 5201 adolescents (7253 observations) from the UK Household Longitudinal Study merged to aggregated local area census measures, we fitted a series of multilevel models. The findings showed that not being worried about crime and friendship networks mitigated the negative effects of deprivation on adolescent's psychological well-being. These findings suggest that some forms of NSC may have a buffering and protective function, with the strongest effects in deprived neighbourhoods. We further found that psychological well-being of adolescents is dependent on both individual vulnerabilities and neighbourhood context. However caution is required if, and when public health policies are formulated to address this issue, given significant variations (27-36%) in the inter- and intra-individual psychological well-being were found among this group over time. Thus, policies designed to improve psychological well-being among adolescents should take into account the role of social processes in transmitting deprivation's effects, as well as the various forms of social capital.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joan Busfield
- Department of Sociology, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK;
| | - Marita Södergren
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels alle 23, 14183 Huddinge, Sweden;
| | - Miia Karen
- Unaffiliated Researcher, 16847 Broma, Sweden;
| | - Nicholas Kofi Adjei
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research & Epidemiology-BIPS, Achterstrasse 30, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- Health Sciences Bremen, University of Bremen, Bibliothekstrasse 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Legha RK, Gerbasi ME, Smith Fawzi MC, Eustache E, Therosme T, Fils-Aime JR, Raviola GJ, Affricot E, Pierre EL, Alcindor Y, Severe J, Boyd KA, Grelotti DJ, Darghouth S, Rasmussen A, Becker AE. A validation study of the Zanmi Lasante Depression Symptom Inventory (ZLDSI) in a school-based study population of transitional age youth in Haiti. Confl Health 2020; 14:13. [PMID: 32140176 PMCID: PMC7048134 DOI: 10.1186/s13031-020-0250-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Zanmi Lasante Depression Symptom Inventory (ZLDSI) is a screening tool for major depression used in 12 primary care clinics in Haiti's Central Plateau. Although previously validated in a clinic-based sample, the present study is the first to evaluate the validity and clinical utility of the ZLDSI for depression screening in a school-based population in central Haiti. Methods We assessed depressive symptoms in a school-based sample of transitional age youth (18-22 years; n = 120) with the ZLDSI. Other mental health-related assessments included a modified Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders (SCID) for current Major Depressive Episode, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and selected items adapted from the Global School-Based Health Survey mental health module. Diagnostic assignments of major depressive episode (MDE) were based on modified SCID interviews. Results The ZLDSI demonstrated good overall accuracy in identifying current MDE (Area under the Curve = .92, 95% CI = .86, .98, p < .001). We ascertained ≥12 as the optimal cut-off point to screen for depression with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 73.9%. In addition, the ZLDSI was associated with other measures of depressive symptoms, suggesting that it demonstrates construct validity. Conclusions Study findings support that the ZLDSI has clinical utility for screening for depression among school-going transitional age youth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rupinder K Legha
- 1Center for Health Services and Society, University of California, 10920 Wilshire Boulevard, Suite 300, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA
| | - Margaret E Gerbasi
- 2Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 641 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Mary C Smith Fawzi
- 2Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 641 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Eddy Eustache
- Mental Health and Psychosocial Support Services Program, Zanmi Lasante, Santo 18A, Crois-des-Bouquets, Haiti
| | - Tatiana Therosme
- Mental Health and Psychosocial Support Services Program, Zanmi Lasante, Santo 18A, Crois-des-Bouquets, Haiti
| | - J Reginald Fils-Aime
- Mental Health and Psychosocial Support Services Program, Zanmi Lasante, Santo 18A, Crois-des-Bouquets, Haiti
| | - Giuseppe J Raviola
- 2Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 641 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA.,4Partners In Health, 800 Boylston Street, Suite 300, Boston, MA 02199 USA
| | - Emmeline Affricot
- Mental Health and Psychosocial Support Services Program, Zanmi Lasante, Santo 18A, Crois-des-Bouquets, Haiti
| | - Ermaze Louis Pierre
- Mental Health and Psychosocial Support Services Program, Zanmi Lasante, Santo 18A, Crois-des-Bouquets, Haiti
| | - Yoldie Alcindor
- Mental Health and Psychosocial Support Services Program, Zanmi Lasante, Santo 18A, Crois-des-Bouquets, Haiti
| | - Jennifer Severe
- 5Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, University School of Medicine, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Katherine A Boyd
- 6Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 East 17th Place B119, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - David J Grelotti
- 7Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Sarah Darghouth
- 8Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 15 Parkman Street, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Andrew Rasmussen
- 9Department of Psychology, Fordham University, 441 East Fordham Road, Dealy Hall 334, Bronx, NY 10458 USA
| | - Anne E Becker
- 2Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 641 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA.,8Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 15 Parkman Street, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Husky MM, Otten R, Boyd A, Pez O, Bitfoi A, Carta MG, Goelitz D, Koç C, Lesinskiene S, Mihova Z, Kovess-Masfety V. Psychometric Properties of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in Children Aged 5–12 Years Across Seven European Countries. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1027/1015-5759/a000489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) has been used extensively to screen for possible mental disorders in epidemiological studies around the world. The present study aimed to compare the internal consistency of both the parent- and teacher-SDQ across seven European countries: Italy, Germany, the Netherlands, Lithuania, Bulgaria, Romania, and Turkey, and to determine the ability of the SDQ to discriminate cases from non-cases of disorders against the well-established Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA). The sample included 541 assessments of children aged 5–12 years. Internal consistency ranged from .74 to .85 for the teacher-SDQ, and .60 to .85 for the parent-SDQ with significant between-country differences. The SDQ further proved to be an adequate screening instrument for the detection of any mental disorder (area under the receiving operator characteristic [AUROC] = .74, 95% CI: .69–.78), and for externalizing disorders in particular (AUROC = .80, 95% CI: .76–.84). There were no differences in AUROC between countries ( p = .09), yet sample sizes were limited thus restricting our ability to detect between-country differences in AUROCs. The results reinforce existing research on the SDQ and support its use in detecting probable cases of psychiatric disorders in children across Europe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde M. Husky
- Laboratoire de Psychologie EA 4139, Institut Universitaire de France, Université de Bordeaux, France
| | - Roy Otten
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Pluryn Research & Development, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- REACH-Institute, Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Anders Boyd
- INSERM, UMR_S1136, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Paris, France
| | - Ondine Pez
- École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France
| | - Adina Bitfoi
- The Romanian League for Mental Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mauro G. Carta
- Centro di Psichiatria di Consulenza e Psicosomatica Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Cagliari, Italy
| | - Dietmar Goelitz
- Department of Humanities, Social Sciences and Theology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Ceren Koç
- Yeniden Health and Education Society, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Zlatka Mihova
- Department of Psychology, New Bulgarian University, Sophia, Bulgaria
| | - Viviane Kovess-Masfety
- École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes University EA 4057, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Dahlberg A, Fält E, Ghaderi A, Sarkadi A, Salari R. Swedish norms for the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire for children 3-5 years rated by parents and preschool teachers. Scand J Psychol 2019; 61:253-261. [PMID: 31833080 PMCID: PMC7079007 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is a widespread tool for assessing behavior problems in children and adolescents. Despite being investigated thoroughly concerning both validity and reliability, peer reviewed studies that provide norms, especially for preschool children, are lacking. This paper provides Swedish norms using data from a large community sample of children aged 3–5, based on mothers’, fathers’, and preschool teacher’s ratings. Preschool teachers’ ratings were generally lower than parents’ ratings, which contradicts some previous studies. Differences between girls and boys were found, suggesting that boys display higher levels of behavior problems. Lower parental education and country of origin outside of Sweden were also associated with more difficulties. Cut‐offs are presented for each age group, gender and rater category. Population‐specific norms and percentile cut‐offs provided in this study facilitate identifying children in need of interventions in paediatric care and enable cross‐country comparisons of children’s mental health problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anton Dahlberg
- Child Health and Parenting (CHAP), Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Fält
- Child Health and Parenting (CHAP), Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Ata Ghaderi
- Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Anna Sarkadi
- Child Health and Parenting (CHAP), Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Raziye Salari
- Child Health and Parenting (CHAP), Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Runge RA, Soellner R. Measuring children's emotional and behavioural problems: are SDQ parent reports from native and immigrant parents comparable? Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2019; 13:46. [PMID: 31798684 PMCID: PMC6882192 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-019-0306-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of immigrants worldwide is growing and migration might be a risk factor for the mental health of children. A reliable instrument is needed to measure immigrants' childrens mental health. The aim of the study was to test the measurement invariance of the parent version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) between German native, Turkish origin and Russian origin immigrant parents in Germany. The SDQ is one of the most frequently used screening instruments for mental health disorders in children. METHODS Differential Item Functioning (DIF) was tested in samples matched by socio-economic status, age and gender of the child. A logistic regression/item response theory hybrid method and a multiple indicators- multiple causes model (MIMIC) was used to test for DIF. Multi Group Confirmatory Factor analysis (MGCFA) was used to test for configural invariance. Parent reports of 10610 German native, 534 Russian origin and 668 Turkish origin parents of children aged 3-17 years were analysed. RESULTS DIF items were found in both groups and with both methods. We did not find an adequate fit of the original five factor model of the SDQ for the Turkish origin group, but for the Russian origin group. An analysis of functional equivalence indicated that the SDQ is equally useful for the screening of mental health disorders in all three groups. CONCLUSION Using the SDQ in order to compare the parent reports of native and immigrant parents should be done cautiously. Thus, the use of the SDQ in epidemiological studies and for prevention planning is questionable. However, the SDQ turns out to be a valid instrument for screening purposes in parents of native and immigrant children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronja A. Runge
- 0000 0001 0197 8922grid.9463.8Institut für Psychologie, Stiftung Universität Hildesheim, Universitätsplatz 1, 31141 Hildesheim, Germany
| | - Renate Soellner
- 0000 0001 0197 8922grid.9463.8Institut für Psychologie, Stiftung Universität Hildesheim, Universitätsplatz 1, 31141 Hildesheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Timothy A, Benegal V, Shankarappa B, Saxena S, Jain S, Purushottam M. Influence of early adversity on cortisol reactivity, SLC6A4 methylation and externalizing behavior in children of alcoholics. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 94:109649. [PMID: 31082414 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children of parents with alcoholism face considerable stress, and often have externalizing behaviors. Early adversity is known to affect DNA methylation and the functioning of the HPA axis. We investigated the association of early adversity with cortisol reactivity, 5HTTLPR genotype, site specific DNA methylation in the SLC6A4 gene and externalizing behavior in children of alcoholics (COA), and a matched sample of control children. METHODS We examined children of alcoholics (N = 50) and age matched control children (N = 50) for exposure to early adversity (both prenatal and postnatal), assessed their salivary cortisol reactivity and evaluated their levels of emotional and behavioral difficulty in terms of externalizing and internalizing behavior. Site-specific DNA methylation at a previously characterized SLC6A4 region was determined in salivary DNA using pyrosequencing. The 5HTTLPR region of the SLC6A4 gene was also genotyped. RESULTS COA had significantly higher experience of early adversity than control children. Cortisol reactivity was reduced in COA, and negatively correlated with early adversity. Both early adversity and cortisol reactivity correlated with externalizing behavior. SLC6A4 methylation was higher in COA, and correlated with early adversity. SLC6A4 genotype did not show association with any of the variables. CONCLUSION Our study provides further evidence that early adversity is associated with blunted cortisol reactivity, increased site-specific CpG DNA methylation at the SLC6A4 gene, and high externalizing behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Timothy
- Centre for Addiction Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore 560029, India; Department of Psychiatry, Base Hospital Delhi Cantt, New Delhi 110010, India
| | - Vivek Benegal
- Centre for Addiction Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore 560029, India
| | - Bhagyalakshmi Shankarappa
- Molecular Genetics Lab, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore 560029, India; St Johns Medical College Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | - Sachin Saxena
- Department of Psychiatry, Base Hospital Delhi Cantt, New Delhi 110010, India
| | - Sanjeev Jain
- Molecular Genetics Lab, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore 560029, India
| | - Meera Purushottam
- Molecular Genetics Lab, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore 560029, India.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sorsa J, Fontell T, Laajasalo T, Aronen ET. Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory (ECBI): Normative data, psychometric properties, and associations with socioeconomic status in Finnish children. Scand J Psychol 2019; 60:430-439. [PMID: 31099031 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Assessment of behavioral disorders is one of the most commonly encountered tasks in child psychiatry. The Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory (ECBI) is a widespread measurement tool used for assessing conduct problems, though the psychometric properties of the tool have varied in different samples. In this study, the ECBI was evaluated in a Finnish population based sample of children aged 4 to 12 years (n = 1,715). Factor structure and internal consistency of the ECBI and associates of behavioral problems in Finnish children were evaluated. The results showed that a unidimensional one-factor solution for the ECBI intensity scale was the best fit for the data. The ECBI mean scores were considerably higher in our sample compared to other Nordic countries. Boys scored higher than girls on both ECBI scales, and the mean scores decreased with child's age. Socioeconomic status (SES) was weakly connected to the ECBI scores. Our results highlight the need for country specific reference norms in order to improve the clinical utility of evidence-based measures for assessing conduct problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Sorsa
- Children's Hospital, Child Psychiatry, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuija Fontell
- Children's Hospital, Child Psychiatry, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taina Laajasalo
- Forensic Psychology Unit for Children and Adolescents, Children's Hospital, Child Psychiatry, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eeva T Aronen
- Children's Hospital, Child Psychiatry, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, Laboratory of Developmental Psychopathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Fajardo-Bullón F, Rasskin-Gutman I, León-Del Barco B, Ribeiro Dos Santos EJ, Iglesias Gallego D. International and Spanish Findings in Scientific Literature about Minors' Mental Health: Predictive Factors Using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E1603. [PMID: 31071907 PMCID: PMC6539595 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16091603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Minors' mental health is a subject of high global concern. Understanding the factors that influence their mental health is essential to improving the health of future generations. In this study, an analysis of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire's usefulness is carried out, as a validated tool, recognized in Spain and internationally, for the measurement of minors' mental health. In turn, the influence of the variables of gender, age, and physical health, along with the occupational social class of parents on Spanish minors' mental health, has been analyzed. Spanish minors with good physical health and of parents with middle and higher education, as well as in an occupational social class, are less likely to suffer mental health problems. On the other hand, it seems that internalizing symptoms are more likely in girls, and externalizing symptoms are more likely in boys. However, when a global measure of mental health is made without specific subscales, the effects of gender and age diverge greatly, according to the studies. Although there are examples of current research using the same measurement tool, there is still a need for many more international studies that are coordinated using the same methodology. This study identifies the factors which the international and Spanish scientific literature has revealed as being determinants in minors' mental health. Finally, it is essential that the influence of these factors be assessed in the areas of primary care and mental health to facilitate better detection, intervention, or prevention of mental health problems in today's children, as well as the children of future generations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Fajardo-Bullón
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain.
| | - Irina Rasskin-Gutman
- Department of Psychology, Teacher Training College, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain.
| | - Benito León-Del Barco
- Department of Psychology, Teacher Training College, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain.
| | - Eduardo João Ribeiro Dos Santos
- Scientific Coordinator R&D Unit Institute of Cognitive Psychology (IPCDHS/FPCE), University of Coimbra, 3000-115 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Damián Iglesias Gallego
- Department of Didactics of Music, Plastic and Body Expression, Teacher Training College, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Doric A, Stevanovic D, Stupar D, Vostanis P, Atilola O, Moreira P, Dodig-Curkovic K, Franic T, Davidovic V, Avicenna M, Noor M, Nussbaum L, Thabet A, Ubalde D, Petrov P, Deljkovic A, Antonio ML, Ribas A, Oliveira J, Knez R. UCLA PTSD reaction index for DSM-5 (PTSD-RI-5): a psychometric study of adolescents sampled from communities in eleven countries. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2019; 10:1605282. [PMID: 31105904 PMCID: PMC6507911 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2019.1605282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Children and adolescents are often exposed to traumatic events, which may lead to the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It is therefore important for clinicians to screen for potential symptoms that can be signs of PTSD onset. PTSD in youth is a worldwide problem, thus congruent screening tools in various languages are needed. Objective: The aim of this study was to test the general psychometric properties of the Traumatic Stress Disorder Reaction Index for children and adolescents (UCLA PTSD) Reaction Index for DSM-5 (PTSD-RI-5) in adolescents, a self-report instrument intended to screen for trauma exposure and assess PTSD symptoms. Method: Data was collected from 4201 adolescents in communities within eleven countries worldwide (i.e. Brazil, Bulgaria, Croatia, Indonesia, Montenegro, Nigeria, Palestine-Gaza, Philippines, Portugal, Romania, and Serbia). Internal consistency, discriminant validity, and a confirmatory factor analysis of a four-factor model representing the main DSM-5 symptoms of the PTSD-RI-5 were evaluated. Results: The PTSD-RI-5 total score for the entire sample shows very good reliability (α = .92) as well as across all countries included (α ranged from .90 to .94). The correlations between anxiety/depressive symptoms and the PTSD-RI-5 scores were below .70 indicating on good discriminant validity. The four-factor structure of the scale was confirmed for the total sample and data from six countries. The standardized regression weights for all items varied markedly across the countries. The lack of a common acceptable model across all countries prevented us from direct testing of cross-cultural measurement invariance. Conclusions: The four-factor structure of the PTSD-RI-5 likely represents the core PTSD symptoms as proposed by the DSM-5 criteria, but there could be items interpreted in a conceptually different manner by adolescents from different cultural/regional backgrounds and future cross-cultural evaluations need to consider this finding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Doric
- Department of Psychology (Center for Applied Psychology), Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Dejan Stevanovic
- Child Psychiatry, Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dusko Stupar
- Child Psychiatry, Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Panos Vostanis
- School of Psychology, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
| | - Olayinka Atilola
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | - Katarina Dodig-Curkovic
- Medical Faculty Osijek, Faculty for Dental Medicine and Health, University Health Center Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Franic
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Vrljicak Davidovic
- Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Hospital Centre Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Mohamad Avicenna
- Faculty of Psychology, State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Multazam Noor
- Psychiatry department, Dr Soeharto Heerdjan Mental Hospital Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Laura Nussbaum
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babes", Timisoara, Romania
| | - Abdelaziz Thabet
- School of Public Health, Al Quds University, Gaza Branch, Palestine
| | - Dino Ubalde
- Department of Psychology, St. Dominic College of Asia, City of Bacoor, Philippines
| | - Petar Petrov
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital St. Marina, Varna, Bulgaria
| | | | | | - Adriana Ribas
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Rajna Knez
- Department of Women´s and Children´s health, Skaraborgs Hospital, Skövde, Sweden.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Medical School, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.,University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Göteborg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Naveed S, Waqas A, Shah Z, Ahmad W, Wasim M, Rasheed J, Afzaal T. Trends in Bullying and Emotional and Behavioral Difficulties Among Pakistani Schoolchildren: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Seven Cities. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:976. [PMID: 32009998 PMCID: PMC6978956 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Bullying and peer victimization among adolescents are growing public health concerns that affect victims' emotional well-being, and their social and academic functioning. Despite concerns about this public health epidemic in low- and middle-income countries, most prevalence, policy and intervention studies have been conducted in developed countries and economies. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between September 2016 and July 2017 at seven public and private schools located in five districts in Pakistan: Lodhran, Rahim Yar Khan, Bahawalpur, Faisalabad, Multan, Thatta, and Nawabshah. A total of 2,315 schoolchildren were surveyed with a specially designed instrument in Urdu with items about demographics and bullying behavior, together with a strengths and difficulties questionnaire. Results: Mean age of the respondents was 14.63 (2.87) years. More than half of the respondents were males (n = 1301, 56.2%), and a majority reported that their mothers were housewives (n = 2,100, 90.7%). A total of 615 (26.6%) respondents reported being bullied at school, and 415 (17.9%) reported being bullied away from school. Perpetration of bullying was reported by 430 (18.6%) participants at school and 376 (16.3%) away from school. Being bullied in the past was strongly associated with becoming a perpetrator of bullying in the future. Internalizing symptoms were significantly associated with male gender, older age, being a victim of bullying, and employment status of the respondent's mother. Externalizing symptoms were significantly associated with male gender, older age, being a victim and perpetrator of bullying, and mother's employment status. Conclusion: Bullying perpetrators have a greater tendency to exhibit externalizing symptoms, whereas victims develop both externalizing and internalizing psychopathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadiq Naveed
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Ahmed Waqas
- Department of Psychiatry, CMH Lahore Medical College & Institute of Dentistry, Lahore Cantt, Pakistan.,Maternal and Child Mental Health, Human Development Research Foundation, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Zarnain Shah
- Department of Critical Care, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Waqas Ahmad
- Department of internal Medicine, Punjab Medical University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Wasim
- Department of General Surgery, Nishtar Medical University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Jawaria Rasheed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fatima Jinnah Women Hospital, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Tayyaba Afzaal
- Department of Psychology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Verroken S, Schotte C, Derluyn I, Baetens I. Starting from scratch: prevalence, methods, and functions of non-suicidal self-injury among refugee minors in Belgium. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2018; 12:51. [PMID: 30568726 PMCID: PMC6297976 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-018-0260-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As many refugee minors have gone/go through stressful life experiences and uncertainty, one might expect mental health issues, including self-injury. However, literature on non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in refugee minors is scarce. This study explores the prevalence, methods, and functions of NSSI in refugee minors in Belgium, and compares research results to the existing literature on NSSI in Western adolescents. METHODS Data were obtained from 121 refugee minors (mean age = 16.12, SD = 1.23; range 14-18 years) through schools located in the Flemish and Brussels-Capital regions of Belgium. The sample consists of 39.7% girls and 60.3% boys. Self-report questionnaires were used to explore socio-economic data, NSSI behaviour (e.g. The Brief Non-Suicidal Self-injury Assessment Tool; BNNSI-AT) and emotional and behavioural difficulties (The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire; SDQ). Non-parametric Chi square tests were used for statistical comparisons of the obtained data as well as independent-sample t-tests and Fisher's exact tests. RESULTS Results show a lifetime NSSI prevalence rate of 17.4%. Being accompanied or not, having both parents around, or living in an asylum centre did not influence NSSI prevalence. An average of 2.65 methods of NSSI was applied (SD = 2.50; range 1-9). The mean number of functions per person was six (SD = 4.97, range 0-16), with automatic functions reported the most. The data do point towards a greater psychological strain, with 68.4% reporting more than five acts of NSSI. Results of the SDQ's Total Difficulties Scale and, more specifically, of the Emotional Problems, Conduct Problems, Peer Problems and Impact Scales indicate a substantial risk of clinically significant problems within the NSSI group. The Peer Problems and Impact Scales also point towards a high risk for suicidality amongst self-injuring refugees. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence rates, methods and functions are comparable to Western samples. However, the higher incidence of the NSSI and the results on the SDQ also emphasise the vulnerability of refugee minors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Verroken
- 0000 0001 2290 8069grid.8767.eFaculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Research Group Lifespan and Clinical Psychology, VUB PE KLEP, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Chris Schotte
- 0000 0001 2290 8069grid.8767.eFaculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Research Group Lifespan and Clinical Psychology, VUB PE KLEP, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium ,0000 0004 0626 3362grid.411326.3Department Clinical Psychology, UZ Brussel, Jette, Belgium
| | - Ilse Derluyn
- 0000 0001 2069 7798grid.5342.0Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Department of Social Work and Social Pedagogy, Centre for the Social Study of Migration and Refugees, Universiteit Gent, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Imke Baetens
- 0000 0001 2290 8069grid.8767.eFaculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Research Group Lifespan and Clinical Psychology, VUB PE KLEP, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
de Vries PJ, Davids EL, Mathews C, Aarø LE. Measuring adolescent mental health around the globe: psychometric properties of the self-report Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in South Africa, and comparison with UK, Australian and Chinese data. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2018; 27:369-380. [PMID: 28112065 PMCID: PMC6998978 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796016001207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire Self-Report (SDQ-S) in South African adolescents, and compared findings with data from the UK, Australia and China. METHODS A sample of 3451 South African adolescents in grade 8, the first year of secondary school (Mage = 13.7 years), completed the SDQ-S in Afrikaans, English or isiXhosa. Means, group differences and internal consistency were analysed using SPSS V22, and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted using MPlus V7. RESULTS In the South African sample, significant gender differences were found for four of the five sub-scale means and for total difficulties, but gender differences of alpha scores were negligible. The internal consistency for the total difficulties, prosocial behaviour and emotional symptoms sub-scales were fair. UK cut-off values for caseness (set to identify the top 10% of scores in a UK sample) led to a higher proportion of South African adolescents classified in the 'abnormal' range on emotional and peer difficulties and a lower proportion classified in the 'abnormal' range for hyperactivity. South African cut-offs were therefore generated. The cross-country comparison with UK, Australian and Chinese data showed that South African adolescent boys and girls had the highest mean scores on total difficulties as well as on the subscales of emotional symptoms and conduct problems. In contrast, South African boys and girls had the lowest mean scores for hyperactivity/inattention. The UK boys and girls had the highest mean scores for hyperactivity/inattention, while the Australian sample had the highest scores for prosocial behaviours. The Chinese boys had the highest peer problem mean scores and Chinese boys and girls had the lowest means on prosocial behaviours. Confirmatory factor analyses showed significant item loadings with loadings higher than 0.40 for the emotional and prosocial behaviour sub-scales on the five-factor model, but not for all relevant items on the other three domains. CONCLUSIONS Findings support the potential usefulness of the SDQ-S in a South African setting, but suggest that the SDQ-S should not be used with UK cut-off values, and indicate the need for further validation and standardisation work in South African adolescents. We recommend that in-country cut-offs for 'caseness' should be used for clinical purposes in South Africa, that cross-country comparisons should be made with caution, and that further examination of naturalistic clusters and factors of the SDQ should be performed in culturally and contextually diverse settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P. J. de Vries
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, South Africa
- Adolescent Health Research Unit, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - E. L. Davids
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, South Africa
- Adolescent Health Research Unit, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - C. Mathews
- Adolescent Health Research Unit, University of Cape Town, South Africa
- Health Systems Research Unit, Medical Research Council; & School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - L. E. Aarø
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Husky MM, Boyd A, Bitfoi A, Carta MG, Chan-Chee C, Goelitz D, Koç C, Lesinskiene S, Mihova Z, Otten R, Pez O, Shojaei T, Kovess-Masfety V. Self-reported mental health in children ages 6-12 years across eight European countries. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2018; 27:785-795. [PMID: 29082450 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-017-1073-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, approximately one in eight children or adolescents suffers from a mental disorder. The present study was designed to determine the self-reported prevalence of mental health problems in children aged 6-11 years across eight European countries including Italy, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Lithuania, Bulgaria, Romania, and Turkey. Data were drawn from 6245 children participating in the School Children Mental Health in Europe (SCHME) study and a large cross-sectional survey in France. Self-reported child mental health was assessed using the Dominique Interactive (DI). Overall, 22.0% of children were identified per their own evaluation as having at least one mental disorder, ranging from 16.4% in the Netherlands to 27.9% in Bulgaria. The prevalence of internalizing disorders was 18.4% across countries and ranged from 11.8% in the Netherlands to 24.3% in Turkey. The prevalence of externalizing disorders was lower with an average of 7.8%, ranging from 3.5% in Turkey to 10.5% in Bulgaria. Combining samples across European countries, 1 in 5 children reported internalizing problems and 1 in 12 children externalizing problems. The net completion rates of 4.1-74.3% preclude conclusions about national differences in prevalence rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde M Husky
- Department of Psychology EA4139, Institut Universitaire de France, University of Bordeaux, 3 ter, place de la Victoire, 33076, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Anders Boyd
- INSERM, UMR_S1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Paris, France
| | - Adina Bitfoi
- The Romanian League for Mental Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mauro Giovanni Carta
- Centro di Psichiatria di Consulenza e Psicosomatica Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Christine Chan-Chee
- Mental Health Programme, Department of Chronic Disease and Trauma, Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Paris, France
| | - Dietmar Goelitz
- Institute of Psychology, University of Koblenz-Landau (Campus Koblenz), Koblenz, Germany
| | - Ceren Koç
- Yeniden Health and Education Society, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sigita Lesinskiene
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Vilnius, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Roy Otten
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Pluryn, Research and Development, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ondine Pez
- EHESP Rennes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France
| | - Taraneh Shojaei
- Screening and Prevention Bureau, SDS/DASES, Mairie de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Viviane Kovess-Masfety
- EHESP Rennes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France
- EA 4057, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sia AD, Williams LJ, Pasco JA, Jacka FN, Brennan-Olsen SL, Veerman JL. The Population Mean Mood Predicts The Prevalence of Depression in an Australian Context. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2018; 52:461-472. [PMID: 29143531 DOI: 10.1177/0004867417740207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mean population mood has been demonstrated to strongly correlate with the prevalence of depression in European populations. Mean population mood has, therefore, been proposed as both a metric to measure the impact of population-level interventions to prevent depression and a target for public health policy. AIM To demonstrate the relationship between mean population mood and the prevalence of depression using Australian data in order to broaden the applicability of this finding to the Australian population. METHODS We used data from the Geelong Osteoporosis Study to assess the relationship between population mean mood and depression. Participants reported mood symptoms via questionnaire (the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale or General Health Questionnaire-12). Depression was diagnosed by semi-structured clinical interview ( Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Non-patient Edition). Stratification by age and socio-economic status was used to create subpopulation groups. Socio-economic status was measured using Index of Relative Socio-economic Advantage and Disadvantage quintiles, an area-based measure based on Australian census data and published by the Australian Bureau of Statistics. The mean subpopulation questionnaire scores and subpopulation prevalence of depression were then analysed using regression and predictive models. RESULTS Mean subpopulation questionnaire scores correlated well with the prevalence of depression across socio-economic status groups in women but not age groups. Questionnaire scores tended to underestimate the prevalence of depression in the young and overestimate it in the elderly. CONCLUSION The mean population mood was demonstrated to correlate with the population prevalence of depression in Australia for women, but not for men. Due to the issues of questionnaire validity and sample size in the oldest age groups, the age analysis is unlikely to be a representative of population characteristics. Further work to identify population determinants of mean mood could potentially create policy targets to reduce the prevalence of depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron D Sia
- 1 Department of Medicine, Queen Elizabeth II Jubilee Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Julie A Pasco
- 2 Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,3 Melbourne Medical School-Western Campus, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Felice N Jacka
- 2 Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,4 Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, VIC, Australia.,5 Black Dog Institute, NSW, Australia
| | - Sharon L Brennan-Olsen
- 2 Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,3 Melbourne Medical School-Western Campus, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, VIC, Australia.,6 Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - J Lennert Veerman
- 7 Cancer Research Division, Cancer Council New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,8 School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lesinskiene S, Girdzijauskiene S, Gintiliene G, Butkiene D, Puras D, Goodman R, Heiervang E. Epidemiological study of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders in Lithuania. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:548. [PMID: 29699524 PMCID: PMC5921298 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5436-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background From the public health perspective, epidemiological data of child mental health and psychosocial correlates were necessary and very lacking in Lithuanian society that has been undergoing rapid socio-economic change since the past decades. Together with determining the prevalence rates of disorders and assessing the needs for the services, this study has also shifted attention from the highly selective samples of children attending children and adolescent mental health services towards less severe cases of psychopathology as well as different attitudes of parents and teachers. The aim of the first epidemiological study in Lithuania was to identify the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the community sample of children. Methods Child psychiatric disorders were investigated in a representative sample of 3309 children aged 7–16 years (1162 7–10-year-olds and 2147 11–16-year-olds), using a two-phase design with the Lithuanian version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) in the first screening phase, and the Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA) in the second diagnostic phase. Results The estimated point prevalence of ICD-10 psychiatric disorders was 13.1% for the total sample (14.0% for the child sample and 12.1% for adolescent sample). The most common groups of disorders were Conduct disorders 6.6% (7.1% for child sample and 6.0% for adolescent sample), Anxiety disorders 5.0% (5.9% for child sample and 6.0% for adolescent sample), with Hyperkinesis being less common 2.0% (2.7% for child sample and 1.2% for adolescent sample). Potential risk factors were related to individual characteristics of the child (gender, poor general health, and stressful life experiences), and the family (single parenthood, foster care, unfavourable family climate, disciplining difficulties, worries related to TV or computer use). Conclusions The overall prevalence of youth psychiatric disorders was relatively high in this representative Lithuanian sample compared to Western European countries. The SDQ and DAWBA measures appear useful for the further research and clinical practice in this society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sigita Lesinskiene
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinic of Psychiatry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | | | - Grazina Gintiliene
- Faculty of Philosophy, Institute of Psychology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Dovile Butkiene
- Faculty of Philosophy, Institute of Psychology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Dainius Puras
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinic of Psychiatry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Robert Goodman
- King's college London Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
| | - Einar Heiervang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kersten P, Vandal AC, Elder H, McPherson KM. Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: internal validity and reliability for New Zealand preschoolers. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e021551. [PMID: 29680813 PMCID: PMC5914702 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-021551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This observational study examines the internal construct validity, internal consistency and cross-informant reliability of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) in a New Zealand preschool population across four ethnicity strata (New Zealand European, Māori, Pasifika, Asian). DESIGN Rasch analysis was employed to examine internal validity on a subsample of 1000 children. Internal consistency (n=29 075) and cross-informant reliability (n=17 006) were examined using correlations, intraclass correlation coefficients and Cronbach's alpha on the sample available for such analyses. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Data were used from a national SDQ database provided by the funder, pertaining to New Zealand domiciled children aged 4 and 5 and scored by their parents and teachers. RESULTS The five subscales do not fit the Rasch model (as indicated by the overall fit statistics), contain items that are biased (differential item functioning (DIF)) by key variables, suffer from a floor and ceiling effect and have unacceptable internal consistency. After dealing with DIF, the Total Difficulty scale does fit the Rasch model and has good internal consistency. Parent/teacher inter-rater reliability was unacceptably low for all subscales. CONCLUSION The five SDQ subscales are not valid and not suitable for use in their own right in New Zealand. We have provided a conversion table for the Total Difficulty scale, which takes account of bias by ethnic group. Clinicians should use this conversion table in order to reconcile DIF by culture in final scores. It is advisable to use both parents and teachers' feedback when considering children's needs for referral of further assessment. Future work should examine whether validity is impacted by different language versions used in the same country.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Kersten
- School of Health Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - Alain C Vandal
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand
- Health Intelligence and Informatics, Ko Awatea, Counties Manukau District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Hinemoa Elder
- School of Graduate Studies, Te Whare Wānanga o Awanuiārangi, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kathryn M McPherson
- Health Research Council of New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand
- Centre for Person Centred Research, School of Clinical Sciences, AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gaete J, Montero-Marin J, Valenzuela D, Rojas-Barahona CA, Olivares E, Araya R. Mental health among children and adolescents: Construct validity, reliability, and parent-adolescent agreement on the 'Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire' in Chile. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191809. [PMID: 29401472 PMCID: PMC5798763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is a screening tool used to measure psychological functioning among children and adolescents. It has been extensively used worldwide, but its psychometric properties, such as internal structure and reliability, seem to vary across countries. This is the first study exploring the construct validity and reliability of the Spanish version of SDQ among early adolescents (self-reported) and their parents in Latin America. A total of 1,284 early adolescents (9-15 years) and their parents answered the SDQ. We also collected demographic variables. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to assess the latent structure of the SDQ. We also used the multitrait-multimethod analysis to separate the true variance on the constructs from variance resulting from measurement methods (self-report vs. parent report), and evaluated the agreement between adolescents and their parents. We found that the original five-factor model was a good solution and the resulting sub-scales had good internal consistency. We also found that the self-reported and parental versions of SDQ provide different information, which are complementary and provide a better picture of the emotional, social, and conduct problems of adolescents. We have added evidence for the construct validity and reliability of the Spanish self-reported and parental SDQ versions in a Chilean sample.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Gaete
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jesus Montero-Marin
- Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network (RedIAPP), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | | | - Esterbina Olivares
- School of Nursing (Campus San Felipe), Universidad de Valparaíso, San Felipe, Chile
| | - Ricardo Araya
- Centre for Global Mental Health and Primary Care Research, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Should Clinicians Split or Lump Psychiatric Symptoms? The Structure of Psychopathology in Two Large Pediatric Clinical Samples from England and Norway. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2018; 49:607-620. [PMID: 29243079 PMCID: PMC6019426 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-017-0777-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that the structure of psychiatric phenomena can be reduced to a few symptom dimensions. These proposals, mainly based on epidemiological samples, may not apply to clinical populations. We tested the structure of psychiatric symptoms across two pediatric clinical samples from England (N = 8434) and Norway (N = 5866). Confirmatory factor analyses of the parent-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) evaluated the relative fit of several models, including a first-order model, a second-order model with the widely-established broad symptom dimensions of internalizing-externalizing, and two bi-factor models capturing a general psychopathology factor. Predictive value of the SDQ subscales for psychiatric disorders was examined. A first-order five-factor solution better fit the data. The expected SDQ subscale(s) related best to the corresponding psychiatric diagnosis. In pediatric clinical samples, a granular approach to psychiatric symptoms where several dimensions are considered seems to fit the data better than models based on lumping symptoms into internalizing/externalizing dimensions.
Collapse
|
30
|
Van Heerden A, Wild LG. Grandparent support and mental and behavioural health in middle childhood. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/sode.12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
31
|
Stolk Y, Kaplan I, Szwarc J. Review of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire translated into languages spoken by children and adolescents of refugee background. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2017; 26:e1568. [PMID: 28449279 PMCID: PMC6877132 DOI: 10.1002/mpr.1568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), routinely used to screen for children's and adolescents' emotional and behavioural problems, has been translated into at least 80 languages. As children of refugee background are particularly vulnerable to mental health problems resulting from their refugee experiences, this review examines whether SDQs translated into languages spoken by major refugee groups are validated and culturally equivalent to the original SDQ and sensitive to change following interventions. No reviewed studies of translated SDQs reported on challenges in achieving conceptual and linguistic equivalence in translation. Factor analysis predominantly showed structural inequivalence with the original 5-factor model, suggesting translated SDQ subscales may measure different constructs. Predictive equivalence findings tended to show somewhat higher sensitivity for detecting disorder than the original SDQ's low sensitivity, and somewhat lower specificity. Outcome studies yielded equivocal results with refugee and immigrant groups. SDQ items do not detect the psychological sequelae of trauma; hence it is recommended that the SDQ be used with caution to screen refugee children, with a follow-up clinical interview for verification. Cross-cultural qualitative research is needed into parents' and adolescents' interpretation of translated SDQ items.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Stolk
- Victorian Foundation for Survivors of TortureBrunswickVictoriaAustralia
| | - Ida Kaplan
- Victorian Foundation for Survivors of TortureBrunswickVictoriaAustralia
| | - Josef Szwarc
- Victorian Foundation for Survivors of TortureBrunswickVictoriaAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Hanes G, Sung L, Mutch R, Cherian S. Adversity and resilience amongst resettling Western Australian paediatric refugees. J Paediatr Child Health 2017; 53:882-888. [PMID: 28488289 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.13559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM Cumulative adverse childhood experiences have long-term consequences and may manifest within and influence health, educational and psychosocial domains. The Princess Margaret Hospital Refugee Health Service (RHS) undertakes multidisciplinary screening of refugee children <16 years, allowing standardised identification of negative childhood experiences. Addition of the extended Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) in 2014 aimed to augment psychological assessment of this cohort. METHODS An audit of prospectively collected standardised RHS proformas, health records and initial and 6-month follow-up SDQs for new patients aged 2-16 years between August 2014 and January 2016 was undertaken. Wider refugee adverse childhood experiences (R-ACE) were also captured. RESULTS Initial SDQ data were obtained from 204 patients (mean age 9.2 ± SD 4.4 years) with 143 follow-up SDQs available. One third (37.3%) had at least one psychological symptom identified based on initial screening proforma. Multiple R-ACE were disclosed with 126 of 201 (62.7%) experiencing ≥3. African ethnicity, age >10 years, separation anxiety on initial proforma and no formal parental education were associated with higher R-ACE. Initial SDQ results varied with age/ethnicity; however, peer problem scores were consistently elevated. Total difficulty SDQ scores did not capture psychopathology at expected frequencies. Improvement in follow-up SDQ results were appreciated for children aged 4-10 years. Most patients (80.2%) disclosed improvement in health status following RHS involvement. CONCLUSIONS Refugee children have complex backgrounds with exposure to multiple traumatic events. Comprehensive standardised health and psychological screening is recommended to target intervention. Further validation of culturally age-appropriate mental health screening tools in this diverse population is required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Hanes
- Refugee Health Service, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lydia Sung
- Refugee Health Service, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Paediatric Consultative Services, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Raewyn Mutch
- Refugee Health Service, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Alcohol, Pregnancy and FASD, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sarah Cherian
- Refugee Health Service, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Birks L, Guxens M, Papadopoulou E, Alexander J, Ballester F, Estarlich M, Gallastegi M, Ha M, Haugen M, Huss A, Kheifets L, Lim H, Olsen J, Santa-Marina L, Sudan M, Vermeulen R, Vrijkotte T, Cardis E, Vrijheid M. Maternal cell phone use during pregnancy and child behavioral problems in five birth cohorts. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017; 104:122-131. [PMID: 28392066 PMCID: PMC5506372 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous studies have reported associations between prenatal cell phone use and child behavioral problems, but findings have been inconsistent and based on retrospective assessment of cell phone use. This study aimed to assess this association in a multi-national analysis, using data from three cohorts with prospective data on prenatal cell phone use, together with previously published data from two cohorts with retrospectively collected cell phone use data. METHODS We used individual participant data from 83,884 mother-child pairs in the five cohorts from Denmark (1996-2002), Korea (2006-2011), the Netherlands (2003-2004), Norway (2004-2008), and Spain (2003-2008). We categorized cell phone use into none, low, medium, and high, based on frequency of calls during pregnancy reported by the mothers. Child behavioral problems (reported by mothers using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire or Child Behavior Checklist) were classified in the borderline/clinical and clinical ranges using validated cut-offs in children aged 5-7years. Cohort specific risk estimates were meta-analyzed. RESULTS Overall, 38.8% of mothers, mostly from the Danish cohort, reported no cell phone use during pregnancy and these mothers were less likely to have a child with overall behavioral, hyperactivity/inattention or emotional problems. Evidence for a trend of increasing risk of child behavioral problems through the maternal cell phone use categories was observed for hyperactivity/inattention problems (OR for problems in the clinical range: 1.11, 95%CI 1.01, 1.22; 1.28, 95%CI 1.12, 1.48, among children of medium and high users, respectively). This association was fairly consistent across cohorts and between cohorts with retrospectively and prospectively collected cell phone use data. CONCLUSIONS Maternal cell phone use during pregnancy may be associated with an increased risk for behavioral problems, particularly hyperactivity/inattention problems, in the offspring. The interpretation of these results is unclear as uncontrolled confounding may influence both maternal cell phone use and child behavioral problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Birks
- ISGlobal Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Carrer Ramon Trias Fargas, 25-27, 08005 Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mònica Guxens
- ISGlobal Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Carrer Ramon Trias Fargas, 25-27, 08005 Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Madrid, Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre-Sophia Children's Hospital, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eleni Papadopoulou
- Domain of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggata 8, 0456 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Alexander
- Domain of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggata 8, 0456 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ferran Ballester
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Madrid, Spain; Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Av. De Blasco Ibáñez, 13, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marisa Estarlich
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Madrid, Spain; Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Av. De Blasco Ibáñez, 13, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mara Gallastegi
- BIODONOSTIA Health Research Institute, Begiristain Doctorea Pasealekua, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain; University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Faculty of Medicine, Barrio Sarriena, s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Mina Ha
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dankook University, College of Medicine, 152 Jukjeon-ro, Jukjeon 1, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Margaretha Haugen
- Department of Exposure and Risk Assessment, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggata 8, 0456 Oslo, Norway
| | - Anke Huss
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Domplein 29, 3512 JE Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Leeka Kheifets
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, 650 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Danish Epidemiology Science Centre, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hyungryul Lim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dankook University, College of Medicine, 152 Jukjeon-ro, Jukjeon 1, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jørn Olsen
- Danish Epidemiology Science Centre, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Nordre Ringgade 1, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Loreto Santa-Marina
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Madrid, Spain; BIODONOSTIA Health Research Institute, Begiristain Doctorea Pasealekua, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain; Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Basque Government, De Francia Ibilbidea, 12, 20012 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Madhuri Sudan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, 650 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Danish Epidemiology Science Centre, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Nordre Ringgade 1, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; Danish Epidemiology Science Centre, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Domplein 29, 3512 JE Utrecht, Netherlands; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja Vrijkotte
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Cardis
- ISGlobal Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Carrer Ramon Trias Fargas, 25-27, 08005 Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Madrid, Spain
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- ISGlobal Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Carrer Ramon Trias Fargas, 25-27, 08005 Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Li JB, Delvecchio E, Di Riso D, Lis A, Salcuni S. Early Evidence of the Italian Parent-Report Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ-P). Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2017; 48:335-345. [PMID: 27083932 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-016-0646-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The parent-report Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ-P) is a widely used scale that assesses children's and adolescents' strengths and difficulties. The present study applied this scale to Italian adolescents and compared the current results with previous Chinese findings and the United Kingdom norm. Participants were 422 Italian parents and their adolescent children. Parents and adolescents answered the parent-report and the self-report SDQ, respectively. Results showed that the five-factor first-order model was better than other competing models. Cronbach's alpha of emotional problems, conduct problems, hyperactivity, peer problems, prosocial behavior, and total difficulties was .63, .52, .69, .51, .59, and .77 respectively for mother-report measure, and .67, .48, .67, .46, .55, and .79 respectively for father-report measure. Parent-adolescent agreements ranged from low to medium, whereas mother-father agreements were large. Parents did not rate boys and girls as well as early-adolescence and mid-adolescence differently. Italian parents rated their adolescent children to have lower levels of hyperactivity, peer problems, total difficulties, and higher levels of prosocial behavior than Chinese parents; and Italian mothers rated their adolescent children to have lower levels of hyperactivity than United Kingdom parents. In conclusion, the current findings suggest both strengths and inadequacies of the SDQ-P for Italian adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Bin Li
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padua, Via Venezia, 15, Padua, Italy.
| | - Elisa Delvecchio
- Department of Philosophy, Social and Human Sciences and Education, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Daniela Di Riso
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padua, Via Venezia, 15, Padua, Italy
| | - Adriana Lis
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padua, Via Venezia, 15, Padua, Italy
| | - Silvia Salcuni
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padua, Via Venezia, 15, Padua, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Stevanovic D, Jafari P, Knez R, Franic T, Atilola O, Davidovic N, Bagheri Z, Lakic A. Can we really use available scales for child and adolescent psychopathology across cultures? A systematic review of cross-cultural measurement invariance data. Transcult Psychiatry 2017; 54:125-152. [PMID: 28157447 DOI: 10.1177/1363461516689215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In this systematic review, we assessed available evidence for cross-cultural measurement invariance of assessment scales for child and adolescent psychopathology as an indicator of cross-cultural validity. A literature search was conducted using the Medline, PsychInfo, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. Cross-cultural measurement invariance data was available for 26 scales. Based on the aggregation of the evidence from the studies under review, none of the evaluated scales have strong evidence for cross-cultural validity and suitability for cross-cultural comparison. A few of the studies showed a moderate level of measurement invariance for some scales (such as the Fear Survey Schedule for Children-Revised, Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children, Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale, Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale, Mood and Feelings Questionnaire, and Disruptive Behavior Rating Scale), which may make them suitable in cross-cultural comparative studies. The remainder of the scales either showed weak or outright lack of measurement invariance. This review showed only limited testing for measurement invariance across cultural groups of scales for pediatric psychopathology, with evidence of cross-cultural validity for only a few scales. This study also revealed a need to improve practices of statistical analysis reporting in testing measurement invariance. Implications for future research are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Aneta Lakic
- Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Möhrle B, Dölitzsch C, Fegert JM, Keller F. Verhaltensauffälligkeiten und Lebensqualität bei männlichen unbegleiteten minderjährigen Flüchtlingen in Jugendhilfe einrichtungen in Deutschland. KINDHEIT UND ENTWICKLUNG 2016. [DOI: 10.1026/0942-5403/a000206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Unbegleitete minderjährige Flüchtlinge (UMF) gelten als Hochrisikogruppe für die Entwicklung psychischer Erkrankungen. Hinsichtlich Häufigkeit und Art psychischer Störungen sowie gesundheitsbezogener Lebensqualität (LQ) fehlen für Deutschland bislang Originalarbeiten. Anhand der Daten von 191 männlichen UMF, erhoben in Jugendhilfeeinrichtungen in Deutschland, wurden emotionale und Verhaltensauffälligkeiten (SDQ) sowie gesundheitsbezogene LQ (ILK) untersucht und Vergleiche zur Normstichprobe durchgeführt. Internalisierende Verhaltensauffälligkeiten zeigten sich laut Selbst- und Fremdbeurteilung bei 35 bis 61 % der Jugendlichen signifikant häufiger als in der Normstichprobe (20 %). Hyperaktivitätssymptome waren dagegen sehr selten (4 bis 7 %). Externalisierende Verhaltensprobleme wurden von Betreuungspersonen häufiger (20 %) berichtet als von den Jugendlichen (8 %). Gesundheitsbezogene LQ wurde niedrig eingeschätzt, als Ressource konnte prosoziales Verhalten identifiziert werden.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Möhrle
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie/Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm
| | - Claudia Dölitzsch
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie/Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm
| | - Jörg M. Fegert
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie/Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm
| | - Ferdinand Keller
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie/Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Shehab AAS, Brent D, Maalouf FT. Neurocognitive Changes in Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors-Treated Adolescents with Depression. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2016; 26:713-720. [PMID: 26974181 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2015.0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) were found to have deficits in executive function, attention, and memory. Despite the fact that some neurocognitive functions have been shown to be present in acute stage of the illness, but not in remission, longitudinal studies are lacking. The current study aimed to investigate the changes in neurocognitive functioning in adolescents with depression during an acute treatment course with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. METHODS Twenty-four adolescents with current MDD and 24 healthy controls (HCs) were administered subtests of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery as well as clinical scales at baseline and were retested at weeks 6 and 12. Those with MDD were started on fluoxetine after the baseline assessment. RESULTS Despite considerable improvement in depressive symptoms in the MDD group, there was a persistent deficit in visual memory in the MDD group over time compared with HCs (p = 0.001). On a task of sustained attention and inhibition, HCs became better at detecting target sequences at week 12 while there were residual sustained attention deficits in MDD (p = 0.01). On an executive function (planning) task, while HCs learned the task and improved substantially in performance over 12 weeks, MDD performance did not significantly change (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION When treating depressed adolescents, clinicians need to also monitor cognitive symptoms as they appear to lag behind mood symptoms in improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Al Amira Safa Shehab
- 1 The Graduate Center, Queens College, City University of New York , New York, New York
| | - David Brent
- 2 Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Fadi T Maalouf
- 3 Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut , Beirut, Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Maalouf FT, Ghandour LA, Halabi F, Zeinoun P, Shehab AAS, Tavitian L. Psychiatric disorders among adolescents from Lebanon: prevalence, correlates, and treatment gap. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2016; 51:1105-16. [PMID: 27246607 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-016-1241-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adolescence is a critical age for the development of psychiatric disorders. Although Lebanon, a low-to-middle income country, has suffered from decades of war and political instability, the burden of psychiatric disorders among adolescents in Lebanon remains unclear. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among adolescents in the Lebanese capital, Beirut, and to study the correlates and treatment seeking behavior associated with these disorders. METHODS Through a multistage cluster sampling design, 510 adolescents, aged 11-17 years were recruited from a household sample in Beirut in 2012. Parents and adolescents completed a battery of self-reported questionnaires and interviews including the Development and Well-being Assessment (DAWBA), the Peer-Relations Questionnaire (PRQ), and a demographic/clinical information questionnaire. Logistic regression models were used to study the correlates of psychiatric disorders. RESULTS The 30-day prevalence of psychiatric disorders was 26.1 %, with anxiety disorders (13.1 %) and ADHD (10.2 %) being the most prevalent disorders. Only 6 % of those with disorders reported seeking professional help. Parental marital status, not attending school, having a chronic medical condition, having a family history of psychiatric disorders, as well as propensity to bullying and to being victimized by peers emerged as correlates of having psychiatric disorders. CONCLUSIONS A clear treatment gap is evident with a high 30-day prevalence of psychiatric disorders among adolescents in Beirut coupled with a very low percentage seeking treatment. Scaling up mental health services and addressing potential barriers to seeking care would be important to close this gap.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fadi T Maalouf
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Riad El Solh, PO Box 11-0236, Beirut, 11072020, Lebanon.
| | - Lilian A Ghandour
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Fadi Halabi
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Riad El Solh, PO Box 11-0236, Beirut, 11072020, Lebanon
| | - Pia Zeinoun
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Riad El Solh, PO Box 11-0236, Beirut, 11072020, Lebanon
| | - Al Amira Safa Shehab
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, City University of New York, New York, USA
| | - Lucy Tavitian
- Department of Cross-Cultural Studies, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kovess-Masfety V, Husky MM, Keyes K, Hamilton A, Pez O, Bitfoi A, Carta MG, Goelitz D, Kuijpers R, Otten R, Koç C, Lesinskiene S, Mihova Z. Comparing the prevalence of mental health problems in children 6-11 across Europe. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2016; 51:1093-103. [PMID: 27314494 PMCID: PMC5279951 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-016-1253-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Worldwide, approximately one in eight children or adolescents suffer from a mental disorder. The present study was designed to determine the cross-national prevalence of mental health problems in children aged 6-11 across seven European countries including Italy, Germany, the Netherlands, Lithuania, Bulgaria, Romania, and Turkey. METHODS Data were collected on 7682 children for whom either parent- or teacher SDQ were completed. RESULTS The present study provides country-specific normative banding for both parent- and teacher SDQ scores. Overall, 12.8 % of children have any probable disorder, with rates ranging from 15.5 % in Lithuania to 7.8 % in Italy, 3.8 % of children have a probable emotional disorder, 8.4 % probable conduct disorder, and 2.0 % probable hyperactivity/inattention. However, when adjusting for key sociodemographic variables and parental psychological distress, country of residence did not predict the odds of having any disorder. For specific disorders, however, country of residence does have an effect on the odds of presenting with mental health problems. CONCLUSIONS As normative data are key in the comparison of mental health status on an international level, the present data considerably advance the possibilities of future research. Furthermore, the findings underline the importance of controlling for a number of sociodemographic and parental variables when conducting international comparisons of child mental health. In addition, the findings suggest that efforts are needed locally to assist in the detection and prevention of parental psychological distress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Kovess-Masfety
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France,EHESP French School of Public Health, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde M. Husky
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France,INSERM U1219, Université de Bordeaux, Institut Universitaire de France, 3 ter, place de la Victoire, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Katherine Keyes
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ava Hamilton
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ondine Pez
- EHESP French School of Public Health, Paris, France
| | - Adina Bitfoi
- The Romanian League for Mental Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mauro Giovanni Carta
- Centro di Psichiatria di Consulenza e Psicosomatica Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Dietmar Goelitz
- Institute of Psychology, University of Koblenz-Landau, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Rowella Kuijpers
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roy Otten
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ceren Koç
- Yeniden Health and Education Society, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sigita Lesinskiene
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Vilnius, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Foreman D. Should early intervention in autism be provided? BJPSYCH ADVANCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1192/apt.22.3.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SummaryRates of detected autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are currently rising, and there is a need for effective treatments to manage the symptoms. In this commentary I outline the challenges that autism presents to service delivery and consider a Cochrane review that evaluates one of the best-known classes of treatment for ASD, parent-mediated early intervention. I discuss effect size and bias in the interpretation of the review's results, and consider also the rationale for low- and high-intensity intervention at both the individual level and, from a public health perspective, at population level.
Collapse
|
41
|
Owen JP, Baig B, Abbo C, Baheretibeb Y. Child and adolescent mental health in sub-Saharan Africa: a perspective from clinicians and researchers. BJPsych Int 2016; 13:45-47. [PMID: 29093899 PMCID: PMC5619623 DOI: 10.1192/s2056474000001136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a widening mental health treatment gap for children and adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa. The region has few economic or human resources dedicated to the mental health of children and young people. The World Health Organization's Mental Health Gap Action Plan and the push for mental health to be included in the Millennium Development Goals have raised the profile of child mental health but comparatively few studies have estimated prevalence rates or assessed needs or tested interventions in African countries. In most countries there is no clear pathway to access treatment, especially in-patient facilities. This article considers these issues from clinical, educational and research perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Phillips Owen
- Clinical Lecturer in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, KEMRI-Wellcome Collaborative Programme, Kilifi, Kenya; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK, email
| | - Benjamin Baig
- Clinical Lecturer in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Catherine Abbo
- Lecturer in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Yonas Baheretibeb
- Assistant Professor in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Bhola P, Sathyanarayanan V, Rekha DP, Daniel S, Thomas T. Assessment of Self-Reported Emotional and Behavioral Difficulties Among Pre-University College Students in Bangalore, India. Indian J Community Med 2016; 41:146-50. [PMID: 27051090 PMCID: PMC4799638 DOI: 10.4103/0970-0218.177536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The understanding of youth mental health needs and development of service delivery models is a national public health challenge. OBJECTIVES The rates and predictors of emotional and behavioral problems among 1087 youth were assessed in a pre-university college in Bangalore, India. Variations in rates of disturbance, identified by using different cut-off points, were also examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire was used as a self-report screening tool. RESULTS Results indicated that 10.1% of adolescents had total difficulty levels in the abnormal range, with 9% at risk for emotional symptoms, 13% for conduct problems, 12.6% for hyperactivity/inattention and 9.4% for peer problems. Select gender differences were present. Cut-off scores derived from the sample yielded lower estimates of disturbance than the published cut-offs. Regression analysis identified predictors of total difficulty levels. CONCLUSIONS Implications for assessment of youth mental health and planning targeted services in educational institutions are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Poornima Bhola
- Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Vidya Sathyanarayanan
- Department of Psychiatry, St. John's Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Dorothy P Rekha
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Tinku Thomas
- St. John's Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Slobodskaya HR, Semenova NB. Child and adolescent mental health problems in Tyva Republic, Russia, as possible risk factors for a high suicide rate. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2016; 25:361-71. [PMID: 26162484 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-015-0743-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
High rates of child mental health problems in the Russian Federation have recently been documented; the rates of youth suicide are among the highest in the world. Across the Russian regions, Republic of Tyva has one of the highest rates of child and adolescent suicide and the lowest life expectancy at birth. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and associations of mental health problems in Native Tyvinian children and adolescents using internationally recognised measures and diagnoses. A two-stage, two-phase design involved selection of schools in five rural settlements in Western Tyva and two schools in the capital city followed by selection of Native Tyvinian children in grades 3-4 (ages 9-10) and 6-7 (ages 14-15). In the first phase, a screening measure of psychopathology, the Rutter Teacher Questionnaire, was obtained on 1048 children with a 97% participation rate. In the second phase, more detailed psychiatric assessments were carried out for subgroups of screen-positive and screen-negative children. The prevalence of mental health problems was about 25%, ranging from 40% in adolescent boys from rural areas to 9% in adolescent girls from the city. The patterning of disorders and risk factors were similar to those in other countries, rural areas were associated with an increased risk of psychopathology. The findings indicate that there is an urgent need for interventions to reduce risk in this population and provide effective help for Tyvinian children and adolescents with mental health problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helena R Slobodskaya
- Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk State University, Timakova Str., 4, Novosibirsk, 630117, Russia.
| | - Nadezhda B Semenova
- Scientific Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North, Partizan Zheleznyak Str., 3G, Krasnoyarsk, 660022, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Alvarenga PG, do Rosario MC, Cesar RC, Manfro GG, Moriyama TS, Bloch MH, Shavitt RG, Hoexter MQ, Coughlin CG, Leckman JF, Miguel EC. Obsessive-compulsive symptoms are associated with psychiatric comorbidities, behavioral and clinical problems: a population-based study of Brazilian school children. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2016; 25:175-82. [PMID: 26015374 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-015-0723-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is underdiagnosed, and many affected children are untreated. The present study seeks to evaluate the presence and the clinical impact of OCD and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) in a large sample of school-age children. In Phase I, we performed an initial screening using the Family History Screen (FHS). In Phase II, we identified an "at-risk" sample, as well as a randomly selected group of children. A total of 2,512 children (6-12 years old) were assessed using the FHS, the Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA), the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Data analyses included descriptive and multivariate analytical techniques. 2,512 children (mean age: 8.86 ± 1.84 years; 55.0% male) were categorized into one of the three diagnostic groups: OCD (n = 77), OCS (n = 488), and unaffected controls (n = 1,947). There were no significant socio-demographic differences (age, gender, socioeconomic status) across groups. The OCS group resembled the OCD on overall impairment, including school problems and delinquent behaviors. However, the OCD group did have significantly higher rates of several comorbid psychiatric disorders, including separation anxiety, generalized anxiety, and major depressive disorder, than OCS or unaffected controls. Moreover, the OCD group also scored higher than the SDQ, as well as on each of CBCL items rated by the parent. Our findings suggest that there is a psychopathological continuum between OCS and OCD in school-aged children. The presence of OCS is associated with functional impairment, which needs further investigation in longitudinal studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro G Alvarenga
- Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo Medical School (USP), Rua Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, 785, São Paulo, SP, 01060-970, Brazil. .,National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, CNPq, Rua. Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, São Paulo, SP, 01060-970, Brazil.
| | - Maria C do Rosario
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, CNPq, Rua. Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, São Paulo, SP, 01060-970, Brazil. .,Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit (UPIA), Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Pedro de Toledo, 590, São Paulo, SP, 04038-020, Brazil.
| | - Raony C Cesar
- Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo Medical School (USP), Rua Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, 785, São Paulo, SP, 01060-970, Brazil.,National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, CNPq, Rua. Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, São Paulo, SP, 01060-970, Brazil
| | - Gisele G Manfro
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, CNPq, Rua. Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, São Paulo, SP, 01060-970, Brazil. .,Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil.
| | - Tais S Moriyama
- Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo Medical School (USP), Rua Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, 785, São Paulo, SP, 01060-970, Brazil.,National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, CNPq, Rua. Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, São Paulo, SP, 01060-970, Brazil
| | - Michael H Bloch
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, 230, South Frontage Rd, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA.
| | - Roseli G Shavitt
- Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo Medical School (USP), Rua Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, 785, São Paulo, SP, 01060-970, Brazil.,National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, CNPq, Rua. Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, São Paulo, SP, 01060-970, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Q Hoexter
- Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo Medical School (USP), Rua Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, 785, São Paulo, SP, 01060-970, Brazil.,National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, CNPq, Rua. Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, São Paulo, SP, 01060-970, Brazil
| | - Catherine G Coughlin
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, 230, South Frontage Rd, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - James F Leckman
- Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo Medical School (USP), Rua Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, 785, São Paulo, SP, 01060-970, Brazil.,Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, 230, South Frontage Rd, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Euripedes C Miguel
- Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo Medical School (USP), Rua Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, 785, São Paulo, SP, 01060-970, Brazil.,National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, CNPq, Rua. Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, São Paulo, SP, 01060-970, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Murray E, Pearson R, Fernandes M, Santos IS, Barros FC, Victora CG, Stein A, Matijasevich A. Are fetal growth impairment and preterm birth causally related to child attention problems and ADHD? Evidence from a comparison between high-income and middle-income cohorts. J Epidemiol Community Health 2016; 70:704-9. [PMID: 26767410 PMCID: PMC4941187 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2015-206222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Cross-cohort comparison is an established method for improving causal inference. This study compared 2 cohorts, 1 from a high-income country and another from a middle-income country, to (1) establish whether birth exposures may play a causal role in the development of childhood attention problems; and (2) identify whether confounding structures play a different role in parent-reported attention difficulties compared with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnoses. Methods Birth exposures included low birth weight (LBW), small-for-gestational age (SGA), small head circumference (HC) and preterm birth (PTB)). Outcomes of interest were attention difficulties (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, SDQ) and ADHD (Development and Well-Being Assessment, DAWBA). Associations between exposures and outcomes were compared between 7-year-old children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) in the UK (N=6849) and the 2004 Pelotas cohort in Brazil (N=3509). Results For attention difficulties (SDQ), the pattern of association with birth exposures was similar between cohorts: following adjustment, attention difficulties were associated with SGA (OR=1.59, 95% CI 1.20 to 2.19) and small HC (OR=1.64, 95% CI 1.11 to 2.41) in ALSPAC and SGA (OR=1.35, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.75) in Pelotas. For ADHD, however, the pattern of association following adjustment differed markedly between cohorts. In ALSPAC, ADHD was associated with LBW (OR=2.29, 95% CI 1.09 to 4.80) and PTB (OR=2.33, 95% CI 1.23 to 4.42). In the Pelotas cohort, however, ADHD was associated with SGA (OR=1.69, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.82). Conclusions The findings suggest that fetal growth impairment may play a causal role in the development of attention difficulties in childhood, as similar associations were identified across both cohorts. Confounding structures, however, appear to play a greater role in determining whether a child meets the full diagnostic criteria for ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Murray
- Section of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Rebecca Pearson
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Michelle Fernandes
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Iná S Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Fernando C Barros
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil Postgraduate Program in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Cesar G Victora
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Alan Stein
- Section of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Alicia Matijasevich
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Child mental health and maternal depression history in Pakistan. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2016; 51:49-62. [PMID: 26561398 PMCID: PMC6658413 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-015-1143-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We address the significant gaps in knowledge of prevalence and correlates of child mental health (CMH) problems outside of high income countries. We describe the prevalence of CMH problems and their correlates with a focus on the association with maternal depression in a sample of seven-year-old children in rural Pakistan. METHODS This study was nested in a long-term follow-up of a perinatal depression intervention together with a reference group of non-depressed women, yielding a population representative sample. The Total Difficulties (TD) and component scores of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) were used to measure emotional and behavioral difficulties. RESULTS The mean SDQ TD score was 10.6 (standard deviation = 8.3), with 12.5 % of children categorized as "abnormal" using standard cutoffs. Boys had a roughly 1 point higher (worse) SDQ TD score than girls (p value = 0.04). Children of mothers who were depressed prenatally as well as currently had SDQ TD scores 2.87 points higher than children whose mothers were not depressed at either time point (p value < 0.01). This association was stronger for boys. There was no evidence of elevated SDQ TD score among children whose mothers were depressed only prenatally or only currently. Some deviations from this pattern were observed with specific components of the SDQ. CONCLUSIONS In this low resource, South Asian setting, we found evidence of elevated levels of emotional and behavioral problems, highlighting the need for effective interventions. Given the strong association of CMH with maternal depression, any intervention efforts should give strong consideration to maternal mental health.
Collapse
|
47
|
Balhara YPS, Gupta R, Atilola O, Knez R, Mohorović T, Gajdhar W, Javed AO, Lal R. Problematic Internet Use and Its Correlates Among Students from Three Medical Schools Across Three Countries. ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY : THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF DIRECTORS OF PSYCHIATRIC RESIDENCY TRAINING AND THE ASSOCIATION FOR ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY 2015; 39:634-638. [PMID: 26130501 DOI: 10.1007/s40596-015-0379-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The authors aimed to assess and compare problematic internet use among medical students enrolled in a graduate degree course in one school each from Croatia, India, and Nigeria and to assess correlates of problematic use among these students. METHODS The questionnaire included a sociodemographic profile of participants and Young's Internet Addiction Test. RESULTS The final analysis included 842 subjects. Overall, 38.7 and 10.5 % of respondents scored in the mild and moderate categories. Only a small fraction (0.5 %) of students scored in the severe category. Being male and spending more time on the internet were correlated with problematic internet use. Moreover, a significantly higher proportion of participants who scored above the cutoff used the Internet for browsing, social networking, chatting, gaming, shopping, and viewing pornography. However, there was no difference between the two groups with regard to using the internet for e-mailing or academic activities. CONCLUSIONS It is important to address problematic internet use among medical students. The correlates can help identify those at increased risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yatan Pal Singh Balhara
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre (NDDTC), WHO Collaborating Centre on Substance Abuse, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India.
| | - Rishab Gupta
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre (NDDTC), WHO Collaborating Centre on Substance Abuse, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Olayinka Atilola
- Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Wamique Gajdhar
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre (NDDTC), WHO Collaborating Centre on Substance Abuse, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Ahmed O Javed
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre (NDDTC), WHO Collaborating Centre on Substance Abuse, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Lal
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre (NDDTC), WHO Collaborating Centre on Substance Abuse, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
New evidence of factor structure and measurement invariance of the SDQ across five European nations. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2015; 24:1523-34. [PMID: 26036862 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-015-0729-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The main purpose of the present study was to analyse the internal structure and to test the measurement invariance of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), self-reported version, in five European countries. The sample consisted of 3012 adolescents aged between 12 and 17 years (M = 14.20; SD = 0.83). The five-factor model (with correlated errors added), and the five-factor model (with correlated errors added) with the reverse-worded items allowed to cross-load on the Prosocial subscale, displayed adequate goodness of-fit indices. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis showed that the five-factor model (with correlated errors added) had partial strong measurement invariance by countries. A total of 11 of the 25 items were non-invariant across samples. The level of internal consistency of the Total difficulties score was 0.84, ranging between 0.69 and 0.78 for the SDQ subscales. The findings indicate that the SDQ's subscales need to be modified in various ways for screening emotional and behavioural problems in the five European countries that were analysed.
Collapse
|
49
|
Sørlie T, Sørgaard KW, Bogdanov A, Bratlid T, Rezvy G. Prevalence and characteristics of suicide attempters and ideators among acutely admitted psychiatric hospital patients in northwest Russia and northern Norway. BMC Psychiatry 2015; 15:187. [PMID: 26239359 PMCID: PMC4524124 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-015-0545-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND More knowledge about suicidality and suicide risk profiles in acute psychiatric hospital patients (both first-time and chronic patients) is needed. While numerous factors are associated with suicidality in such populations, these may differ across cultures. Better understanding of factors underlying suicide risk can be informed by cross-cultural studies, and can aid development of therapeutic and preventive measures. METHODS An explorative, cross-sectional cohort study was carried out. Acutely admitted patients at one psychiatric hospital in northwest Russia and two in northern Norway were included. At admission, demographic, clinical, and service use data were collected, in addition to an assessment of suicidal ideation and attempts, comprising five dichotomic questions. Data from 358 Norwegian and 465 Russian patients were analyzed with univariate and multivariate statistics. Within each cohort, attempters and ideators were compared with patients not reporting any suicidality. RESULTS The observed prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempts was significantly higher in the Norwegian cohort than in the Russian cohort (χ(2) = 168.1, p < 0,001). Norwegian suicidal ideators and attempters had more depressed moods, more personality disorders, and greater problems with alcohol/drugs, but fewer psychotic disorders, cognitive problems or overactivity than non-suicidal patients. Russian suicidal ideators and attempters were younger, more often unemployed, had more depressed mood and adjustment disorders, but had fewer psychotic disorders and less alcohol/drug use than the non-suicidal patients. CONCLUSIONS Rates of suicidal ideation and non-fatal attempts in Norwegian patients were intermediate between those previously reported for patients admitted for the first time and those typical of chronic patients. However, the significantly lower rates of suicidal ideation and non-fatal attempts in our Russian cohort as compared with the Norwegian, contrasted with what might be expected in a region with much higher suicide rates than in northern Norway. We suggest that suicide-related stigma in Russia may reduce both patient reporting and clinicians' recognition of suicidality. In both cohorts, overlapping risk profiles of ideators and attempters may indicate that ideators should be carefully evaluated and monitored, particularly those with depressed moods, alcohol/substance abuse disorders, and inadequate treatment continuity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tore Sørlie
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, 9037, Tromsø, Norway. .,Department of General Psychiatry, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Knut W Sørgaard
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, 9037, Tromsø, Norway. .,Nordland Hospital Trust, 8092, Bodø, Norway.
| | - Anatoly Bogdanov
- Archangelsk Clinical Psychiatric Hospital, Archangelsk, Russia. .,North State Medical University, Archangels, Russia.
| | - Trond Bratlid
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, 9037, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Grigory Rezvy
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, 9037, Tromsø, Norway. .,Nordland Hospital Trust, 8092, Bodø, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Does the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire - self report yield invariant measurements across different nations? Data from the International Child Mental Health Study Group. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2015; 24:323-34. [PMID: 24785706 PMCID: PMC7192188 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796014000201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study evaluated the measurement invariance of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) self-report among adolescents from seven different nations. METHODS Data for 2367 adolescents, aged 13-18 years, from India, Indonesia, Nigeria, Serbia, Turkey, Bulgaria and Croatia were available for a series of factor analyses. RESULTS The five-factor model including original SDQ scales emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity-inattention problems, peer problems and prosocial behaviour generated inadequate fit degree in all countries. A bifactor model with three factors (i.e., externalising, internalising and prosocial) and one general problem factor yielded adequate degree of fit in India, Nigeria, Turkey and Croatia. The prosocial behaviour, emotional symptoms and conduct problems factor were found to be common for all nations. However, originally proposed items loaded saliently on other factors besides the proposed ones or only some of them corresponded to proposed factors in all seven countries. CONCLUSIONS Due to the lack of a common acceptable model across all countries, namely the same numbers of factors (i.e., dimensional invariance), it was not possible to perform the metric and scalar invariance test, what indicates that the SDQ self-report models tested lack appropriate measurement invariance across adolescents from these seven nations and it needs to be revised for cross-country comparisons.
Collapse
|