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Sun M, Scherffius A, Sun M, Chen C, Wang D. Insomnia symptoms as a mediator between school connectedness and suicidal ideation in Chinese adolescents: A three-wave longitudinal model. Early Interv Psychiatry 2024. [PMID: 38783351 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
AIM School connectedness is related to suicidal ideation (SI) in adolescents. However, little is known about the mediating role of insomnia symptoms in the school connectedness-SI link. This study aimed to examine the longitudinal mediating effect of insomnia symptoms on the relationship between school connectedness and SI as well as the moderating effect of sex using a three-wave longitudinal design. METHODS A total of 3110 adolescents completed three online surveys. Data were collected over the course of 1 year, in three waves 6 months apart. Participants completed the School Connectedness Scale, Youth Self-Rating Insomnia Scale, Self-rating Idea of Suicide Scale, Beck Depression Inventory and a self-compiled demographic questionnaire. Linear regressions and mediation analyses were performed to examine the associations between school connectedness, insomnia symptoms and SI. RESULTS School connectedness had a significant mediating effect on SI through insomnia symptoms (βa×b = -.03, 95% confidence interval = -0.04, -0.02) after controlling for demographics and depressive symptoms. Mediation analyses showed that insomnia symptoms accounted for 23.1% of the total effects in the entire sample, with 13.3% in males and 27.3% in females. Sex had no significant moderating effect on the school connectedness-SI link association. CONCLUSIONS The association between school connectedness and SI appears to be mediated by insomnia symptoms. Assessing and promoting school connectedness, as well as intervening and treating distress associated with insomnia, may have important clinical implications for reducing the risk of SI in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingze Sun
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, Guangdong Emergency Response Technology Research Center for Psychological Assistance in Emergencies, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Andrew Scherffius
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Meng Sun
- Department of Social Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunping Chen
- Institute of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Dongfang Wang
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, Guangdong Emergency Response Technology Research Center for Psychological Assistance in Emergencies, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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Mitchell RH, Ani C, Cyr C, Irvine J, Joffe AR, Skinner R, Wong S, Stang AS, Laffin M, Korczak DJ. Near-Fatal Self-Harm Among Canadian Adolescents. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2022; 67:598-607. [PMID: 34846182 PMCID: PMC9301146 DOI: 10.1177/07067437211058602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical features of Canadian adolescents admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for medically serious self-harm. METHODS 2700 Canadian paediatricians were surveyed monthly over two years (January 2017 to December 2018) through the Canadian Paediatric Surveillance Program to ascertain data from eligible cases. RESULTS Ninety-three cases (73 female; age 15.2 ± 1.5) met the case definition. Four provinces reported the majority of cases: Quebec (n = 27), Ontario (n = 26), Alberta (n = 21), and British Columbia (n = 8). There were 10 deaths, 9 by hanging. Overdose and hanging were the most frequently reported methods of self-harm (74.2% and 19.4%, respectively). Overdose was more common in females (80.8% females vs. 50% males; χ2 = 7.8 (1), p = .005), whereas hanging was more common in males (35% males vs. 15.1% females, χ2 = 3.9 (1), p = .04). More females than males had a past psychiatric diagnosis (79% vs. 58%; χ2 = 4.1 (1), p = .06), a previous suicide attempt (55.9% vs. 29.4%, χ2 = 3.8 (1), p = .05), and prior use of mental health service (69.7% vs. 27.8%, χ2 = 10.4 (1), p = .001). Family conflict was the most commonly identified precipitating factor (43%) of self-harm. CONCLUSIONS Among Canadian adolescents admitted to the ICU with medically serious self-harm, females demonstrate a higher rate of suicide attempts and prior mental health care engagement, whereas males are more likely to die by suicide. These findings are consistent with data from other adolescent samples, as well as data from working-age and older adults. Therefore, a sex-specific approach to suicide prevention is warranted as part of a national suicide prevention strategy; family conflict may be a specific target for suicide prevention interventions among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Hb Mitchell
- Department of Psychiatry, 71545Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cornelius Ani
- Division of Psychiatry, 156647Imperial College London Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claude Cyr
- Département de Pédiatrie, Université de Sherbrooke, 33495CHUS - Hôp Fleurimont, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - James Irvine
- Department of Family Medicine, Community Health and Epidemiology, 12371University of Saskatchewan, La Ronge, SK, Canada
| | - Ari R Joffe
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, 103116Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Robin Skinner
- 41687Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sam Wong
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, 103116Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,37214Stanton Territorial Hospital, Yellowknife, NT, Canada
| | - Antonia S Stang
- Department of Pediatrics, 9978Alberta Children's Hospital, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Melanie Laffin
- Canadian Paediatric Surveillance Program, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Daphne J Korczak
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Abstract
Background: Suicide is an important public health concern worldwide. Among various factors, social capital has been suggested to be an effective factor to prevent and reduce suicide. Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between social capital and suicide rates in Seoul, South Korea, using panel data from 2005 to 2018 at the administrative-district level. Methods: Data for the current study were obtained from Seoul Statistics. The within estimator and the system generalized methods of moments estimator were used. Results: The results showed that there was an inverse association between community facility and suicide rates. This result remained the same even after considering the dynamic relationship between social capital and suicide rates (B = -0.57, 95% CI: -1.10, -0.04) while adjusting for dynamic panel bias. A 10% increase in community facility per 1,000 population was associated with 5.2% reduction in age-standardized suicide rates per 100,000 population. Limitations: In this study, only a structural dimension of social capital was utilized due to the lack of available data. Conclusion: The results indicate that facilitating opportunities for social interactions and community lives has a potential to prevent and reduce suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehee Han
- Institute of Social Sciences, Kookmin University, Seoul, South Korea
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4
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Nakano M, Yamazaki C, Teshirogi H, Kubo H, Ogawa Y, Kameo S, Inoue K, Koyama H. How Worries about Interpersonal Relationships, Academic Performance, Family Support, and Classmate Social Capital Influence Suicidal Ideation among Adolescents in Japan. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2022; 256:73-84. [PMID: 35082185 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.256.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Suicide is an important public health issue for adolescents. To investigate the risk and protective factors for adolescent suicide, a cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was conducted at a junior high school (n = 379) in Japan in 2018. After obtaining survey data, we conducted univariate and logistic regression analyses to test for associations between suicidal ideation and several factors, including worries (i.e., about school life, interpersonal relationships at school, family life, interpersonal relationships at home, and academic performance), perceived support from school staff and family members, and social capital. In this context, the existence of trustful relationships between classmates was used as indicators of social capital. The results showed that the prevalence of suicidal ideation was 10.5%. The risk of suicidal ideation was increased by worries about 1) interpersonal relationships at school, 2) interpersonal relationships at home, and 3) academic performance, but was decreased by social support from family members and trusting relationships. Further, the rate of suicidal ideation was higher among students who expressed all these three worries when compared to those who expressed two or fewer worries. In addition, looking at students who expressed all these three worries simultaneously, the rate of suicidal ideation was higher among those with lower levels of support from family members and fewer trustful relationships. Our results suggest that the prevention of adolescent suicide should include strategies for reducing worries about interpersonal relationships at school/home and academic performance while finding ways to enhance family support and classmate social capital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Nakano
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Gunma University
| | - Chiho Yamazaki
- Department of Public Health, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Hidaka Kubo
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Gunma University
| | - Yunosuke Ogawa
- Gunma Prefectural Board of Education, Health and Physical Education Division.,Affiliated Junior High School, Gunma University Cooperative Faculty of Education
| | - Satomi Kameo
- Department of Public Health, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine.,Department of Nutrition, College of Nutrition, Koshien University
| | - Ken Inoue
- Department of Public Health, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine.,Research and Education Faculty, Medical Sciences Cluster, Health Service Center, Kochi University
| | - Hiroshi Koyama
- Department of Public Health, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
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5
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Habu H, Takao S, Fujimoto R, Naito H, Nakao A, Yorifuji T. Emergency dispatches for suicide attempts during the COVID-19 outbreak in Okayama, Japan: A descriptive epidemiological study. J Epidemiol 2021; 31:511-517. [PMID: 34176855 PMCID: PMC8328858 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20210066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hardships associated with the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic can affect mental health, potentially leading to increased risk of suicide. We examined the relationship between the COVID-19 outbreak and suicide attempts in Okayama, Japan using information from emergency dispatches. Methods This was a descriptive epidemiological study. We collected information on emergency dispatches in Okayama City and Kibichuo from March to August in 2018, 2019, and 2020 (n = 47,770 cases). We compared emergency dispatches and their demographic characteristics, especially focusing on suicide attempts, during these 3 years. Results The number of emergency dispatches in 2020 decreased compared with the previous 2 years, while the number and proportion of emergency dispatches related to suicide attempts increased. This increase was more pronounced among women and those aged 25–49 years. Among women aged 25–49 years, there was a cumulative total of 43 suicide attempts in 2018 and 2019 and 73 suicide attempts in 2020. Conclusions The number and proportion of emergency dispatches related to suicide attempts increased in 2020 compared with the previous 2 years, especially among women and those aged 25–49 years. This increase may be partly explained by hardships, such as economic losses or reduced social ties, during the COVID-19 outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Habu
- Department of Epidemiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Soshi Takao
- Department of Epidemiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Ryohei Fujimoto
- Department of Epidemiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Hospital
| | - Hiromichi Naito
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care and Disaster Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Atsunori Nakao
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care and Disaster Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Takashi Yorifuji
- Department of Epidemiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
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6
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Dua D, Padhy S, Grover S. Comparison of religiosity and spirituality in patients of depression with and without suicidal attempts. Indian J Psychiatry 2021; 63:258-269. [PMID: 34211219 PMCID: PMC8221206 DOI: 10.4103/psychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_246_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study is aimed to compare the religiosity and spirituality of patients with first-episode depression with suicidal ideation and those with recent suicidal attempts. Additional aim was compare the religiosity and spirituality of patients with first-episode depression with healthy controls. METHODS Patients of first episode depression with suicidal ideation and healthy controls were assessed by Centrality of Religiosity Scale (CRS), Duke University Religion Index (DUREL), Brief Religious coping scale (R-COPE), and Spiritual Attitude Inventory (SAI). RESULTS Patients with depression were divided into two groups based on the presence (n = 53) or absence (n = 62) of suicidal attempts in the previous 14 days. Both the patients with and without suicide attempts were matched for depression severity. Both the patient groups did not differ in terms of religiosity and spirituality as assessed using CRS and SAI. Both depression groups had lower scores on religiosity as compared to healthy controls as assessed on CRS. The two groups also had a lower score on the "sense of hope" which is a part of SAI, when compared to healthy controls. Compared to patients without suicide attempts (i.e., ideators group) and healthy controls, subjects with suicide attempts more often used negative religious coping. Total numbers of lifetime suicide attempts in the attempt group were associated with the ideology domain of the CRS. CONCLUSION Compared with healthy controls, patients with depression have lower levels of religiosity and spirituality. In the presence of comparable severity of depression, higher use of negative religious coping is associated with suicide attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devakshi Dua
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Susanta Padhy
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sandeep Grover
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Banstola RS, Ogino T, Inoue S. Self-esteem, perceived social support, social capital, and risk-behavior among urban high school adolescents in Nepal. SSM Popul Health 2020; 11:100570. [PMID: 32258358 PMCID: PMC7115101 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2020.100570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is not only characterized by a period of exploration and experimentation but also by vulnerability to risk-behaviors (substance-use, suicidal behavior, and sexual behavior) that can have many negative consequences. Given the lack of studies in Nepal and the variable results from international studies on the association of self-esteem, perceived social support (PSS), and social capital (SC) with risk behaviors, this study aimed to assess the role of these factors by specifying different sources of PSS (family, friends, and others) and SC (family, school, and neighbors), and controlling for demographic, socioeconomic-status (SES), family, and school related factors. A total of 943 adolescents (grades 9-11) in 8 schools from 3 provinces in Nepal participated in the study, and were selected by multi-stage, cluster, random sampling. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire (response rate; 91.9%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis (<0.05 significance) revealed that family SC (OR = 0.83) and PSS from family (OR = 0.95) were negatively associated with substance-use. Self-esteem (OR = 0.90), family and school SC (OR = 0.80 and 0.91, respectively), and PSS from family and friends (OR = 0.95 and 0.96, respectively) were protective against suicidal risk. None of the independent variables showed a preventive association with sexual behavior, but self-esteem was positively associated (OR = 1.11). Therefore, to improve the likelihood of adolescents becoming healthy adults, family and school level interventions to enhance self-esteem, PSS, and SC are helpful in protecting them against substance use and suicidal behavior. On the other hand, adolescents with high self-esteem are at greater risk for inappropriate sexual behavior and should therefore be monitored.
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8
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Hori D, Takao S, Kawachi I, Ohtaki Y, Andrea CS, Takahashi T, Shiraki N, Ikeda T, Ikeda Y, Doki S, Oi Y, Sasahara S, Matsuzaki I. Relationship between workplace social capital and suicidal ideation in the past year among employees in Japan: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:919. [PMID: 31288766 PMCID: PMC6617579 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7244-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A growing body of evidence has demonstrated the associations between social capital and health. In residential or geographical areas, social capital has attracted attention for its protective effects against suicide. However, to this date, the relationship between social capital and suicidal ideation is not fully elaborated in the occupational setting. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the association between workplace social capital and suicidal ideation in the past year among employees in Japan. Methods A cross-sectional, web-based survey was conducted in February/March 2017 via an anonymous self-administered questionnaire distributed to workers in Tsukuba Science City, Japan. Binomial logistic regressions were used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for suicidal ideation in the past year, controlling for age group, marital status, educational attainment, and annual household income. The results were shown stratified by sex and occupation. Results In total, 7255 of 19,481 workers responded, out of which we could analyze 6325 responses (4030 men, 2295 women). The prevalence of suicidal ideation in the past year was 5.9% for men and 7.8% for women. Low workplace social capital was statistically significantly associated with suicidal ideation both for men (OR = 2.57, 95% CI = 1.72–3.83) and for women (OR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.15–2.66), compared with high workplace social capital after controlling for socioeconomic factors. Conclusion Higher workplace social capital was associated with a reduced risk of suicidal ideation in the past year. Promoting workplace social capital could contribute to preventing suicide among employees in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Hori
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Soshi Takao
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | | | | | - Tsukasa Takahashi
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Nagisa Shiraki
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Ikeda
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yu Ikeda
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shotaro Doki
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yuichi Oi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Sasahara
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Ichiyo Matsuzaki
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan.,International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, Tsukuba, Japan
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9
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Bae SM. Individual and social stress, social capital, and depressive symptoms as predictors of adolescent suicide in South Korea: A mediated moderation model. J Health Psychol 2019; 24:1909-1919. [PMID: 31064221 DOI: 10.1177/1359105319847257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the interactive effects of strain induced by individual and social stress and social capital on suicide, highlighting depressive symptoms as mediator in these relationships. This study used data from 5000 adolescents aged 14-18 years. Strain due to individual stress was found to have a direct effect on suicide, but strain due to social stress did not have a direct effect on suicide. The interactive effect of strain and social capital significantly predicted depressive symptoms and suicide. In the relationship between strain and suicide, the interactive effect of strain and social capital was mediated by depressive symptoms.
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10
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Jacob L, Haro JM, Koyanagi A. The association of religiosity with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in the United Kingdom. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2019; 139:164-173. [PMID: 30328099 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal was to analyze the association of religiosity with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in a UK nationally representative sample. METHODS This study used cross-sectional data from 7403 people who participated in the 2007 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey (APMS). Religion was assessed with the question 'Do you have a specific religion?' with 'yes' and 'no' answer options. Lifetime and past 12-month suicidal ideation and suicide attempts were assessed. The association between religiosity and suicidality was studied in multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for sociodemographic, behavioural, and psychopathological factors. RESULTS Compared to those without a religion, the prevalence of past 12-month suicidal ideation (3.2% vs. 5.4%), past 12-month suicide attempts (0.4% vs. 0.9%), lifetime suicidal ideation (11.2% vs. 16.4%), and lifetime suicide attempts (3.6% vs. 6.0%) was lower among those with a religion. In the fully adjusted model, having a religion was significantly associated with lower odds for all types of suicidality except past 12-month suicide attempts: suicidal ideation (past 12-month: OR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.51-0.99; lifetime: OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.69-0.99) and suicide attempts (past 12-month: OR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.35-1.45; lifetime: OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.53-0.90). CONCLUSION There is a negative association between religiosity and suicidality in the UK. Future studies should focus on the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Jacob
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris 5, Paris, France
| | - J M Haro
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
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11
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HILL RYANM, PENNER FRANCESCA, VANWOERDEN SALOME, MELLICK WILLIAM, KAZIMI IRAM, SHARP CARLA. Interpersonal Trust and Suicide Ideation Among Adolescent Psychiatric Inpatients: An Indirect Effect via Perceived Burdensomeness. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2019; 49:240-252. [PMID: 29370447 PMCID: PMC8935391 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The identification of theoretically and empirically supported correlates of suicide ideation is important to improve treatment approaches to suicide. This study sought to examine the association between interpersonal trust (theoretically conceptualized as a distal risk marker) and suicide ideation in adolescence. Specifically, it was hypothesized that interpersonal trust would be negatively associated with suicide ideation via perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness (conceptualized as more proximal risk markers). Data were drawn from a cross-sectional sample of 387 adolescent inpatients between the ages of 12 and 17 years (M = 14.72, SD = 1.49). The sample was 63.6% female, 37.5% Hispanic, 26.9% African American/Black, and 25.8% Caucasian. Adolescents completed a series of self-report measures to assess thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, interpersonal trust, depressive symptoms, and suicide ideation. A structural equation model was fit to the data, and results demonstrated a significant indirect path from interpersonal trust to suicide ideation via perceived burdensomeness, but not thwarted belongingness. Results suggest that interpersonal trust may be a distal risk marker for suicide ideation and that interventions to increase interpersonal trust may help prevent the development of thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and suicide ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- RYAN M. HILL
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - FRANCESCA PENNER
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - SALOME VANWOERDEN
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - WILLIAM MELLICK
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - IRAM KAZIMI
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - CARLA SHARP
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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12
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Wu D, Yang T, Rockett IRH, Yu L, Peng S, Jiang S. Uncertainty stress, social capital, and suicidal ideation among Chinese medical students: Findings from a 22-university survey. J Health Psychol 2018; 26:214-225. [PMID: 30318917 DOI: 10.1177/1359105318805820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Respective associations between uncertainty stress and three dimensions of social capital with suicidal ideation were assessed among 4446 undergraduates from 22 Chinese universities in a cross-sectional study. Multiple logistic regression model and structural equation modeling were used to examine these relationships. Uncertainty stress was more strongly and uniquely associated with suicidal ideation than with life stress. Social capital, especially social networks, shared a dual role as a correlate of suicidal ideation and means to reduce the impact of uncertainty stress. School-based gender- and age-specific suicidal ideation interventions should emphasize social capital enhancement and uncertainty stress coping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- Guangdong Medical University, China
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13
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Glozah FN, Oppong Asante K, Kugbey N. Parental involvement could mitigate the effects of physical activity and dietary habits on mental distress in Ghanaian youth. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197551. [PMID: 29771990 PMCID: PMC5957333 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Parental involvement in physical activity and dietary habits have been found to play a substantial role in the mental health of young people. However, there is little evidence about the associations between parental involvement, health behaviours and mental health among Ghanaian youth. This study sought to examine the role of parental involvement in the association between physical activity, dietary habits and mental health among Ghanaian youth. Methods Data were obtained from the 2012 Ghana Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS). The study population consisted of 1,984 school going youth in high schools with a median age of 15 years old, (53.7%) males. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression statistical models using complex samples method were performed. Results The prevalence of mental distress was 18.1%, 16.6% and 23% for loneliness, feeling worried and suicidal ideation respectively. Younger students were more likely to feel lonely, worried and have suicidal ideation than older students. Students from low socio-economic backgrounds were significantly more likely to report loneliness, worry and suicidal ideation. After adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics, some physical activity and eating habits were associated with experiencing loneliness, worry and suicidal ideation but after introducing parental involvement, there was a decrease in the likelihood of some health behaviour factors in both physical activity and dietary habits to be associated with loneliness, worry and suicidal ideation. Conclusion Physical inactivity and poor dietary habits could have a negative effect on mental distress, however, parental involvement could mitigate the impact of these lifestyle habits on mental distress and should therefore be taken into consideration in efforts aimed at encouraging positive lifestyle habits for good mental health among Ghanaian youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franklin N. Glozah
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Institute for Psychosocial Research in Child and Adolescent Wellbeing, Accra, Ghana
- * E-mail:
| | - Kwaku Oppong Asante
- Institute for Psychosocial Research in Child and Adolescent Wellbeing, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Psychology, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Nuworza Kugbey
- Department of Family and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
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Souto EP, Vasconcelos AGG, Chor D, Reichenheim ME, Griep RH. [Factor structure validity of the social capital scale used at baseline in the ELSA-Brasil study]. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2017; 32:S0102-311X2016000704002. [PMID: 27462850 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00101515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the factor structure of the Brazilian version of the Resource Generator (RG) scale, using baseline data from the Brazilian Longitudinal Health Study in Adults (ELSA-Brasil). Cross-validation was performed in three random subsamples. Exploratory factor analysis using exploratory structural equation models was conducted in the first two subsamples to diagnose the factor structure, and confirmatory factor analysis was used in the third to corroborate the model defined by the exploratory analyses. Based on the 31 initial items, the model with the best fit included 25 items distributed across three dimensions. They all presented satisfactory convergent validity (values greater than 0.50 for the extracted variance) and precision (values greater than 0.70 for compound reliability). All factor correlations were below 0.85, indicating full discriminative factor validity. The RG scale presents acceptable psychometric properties and can be used in populations with similar characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Paiva Souto
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | | | - Dora Chor
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Michael E Reichenheim
- Instituto de Medicina Social, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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Abstract
We aimed to examine the relationship between religion and suicide attempt and ideation. Three hundred twenty-one depressed patients were recruited from mood-disorder research studies at the New York State Psychiatric Institute. Participants were interviewed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders, Columbia University Suicide History form, Scale for Suicide Ideation, and Reasons for Living Inventory. Participants were asked about their religious affiliation, importance of religion, and religious service attendance. We found that past suicide attempts were more common among depressed patients with a religious affiliation (odds ratio, 2.25; p = 0.007). Suicide ideation was greater among depressed patients who considered religion more important (coefficient, 1.18; p = 0.026) and those who attended services more frequently (coefficient, 1.99; p = 0.001). We conclude that the relationship between religion and suicide risk factors is complex and can vary among different patient populations. Physicians should seek deeper understanding of the role of religion in an individual patient's life in order to understand the person's suicide risk factors more fully.
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Colson KE, Galin J, Ahern J. Spatial Proximity to Incidents of Community Violence Is Associated with Fewer Suicides in Urban California. J Urban Health 2016; 93:770-796. [PMID: 27541632 PMCID: PMC5052147 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-016-0072-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Suicide is a leading cause of premature mortality. Aspects of the social environment such as incidents of violence in the community may induce psychological distress and affect suicidality, but these determinants are not well understood. We conducted an ecological study using California vital statistics records, geocoded to address of the decedent, to examine whether proximity to homicide was associated with the occurrence of suicide in urban census tracts. For each urban tract (N = 7194) and each month in 2012, we assessed homicides in the tract or within buffer zones around the tract with a 1-month lag. We estimated two risk difference parameters that capture how suicide risk is related to differences in homicide exposure. Proximity to homicides was negatively associated with suicide occurrence after controlling for demographic factors, seasonality, and other confounders. Estimates suggest that the absence of homicides would be associated with a 4.2 % higher number of tract-months with one or more suicides (95 % confidence interval 2.2-6.0). This relationship was stronger in tracts that were wealthier, older, and less civically engaged. Results were robust to a wide variety of sensitivity tests. Contrary to expectations, we identified a consistent negative association of proximity to homicide with suicide occurrence. It may be that a homicide deters or distracts from suicidality or that aggression or hopelessness may be expressed as inward or outward directed violence in different settings. Further investigation is needed to identify the drivers of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ellicott Colson
- Division of Epidemiology, University of California-Berkeley School of Public Health, 50 University Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA.
| | - Jessica Galin
- Division of Epidemiology, University of California-Berkeley School of Public Health, 50 University Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA
| | - Jennifer Ahern
- Division of Epidemiology, University of California-Berkeley School of Public Health, 50 University Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA
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19
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Abstract
Although religion is reported to be protective against suicide, the empirical evidence is inconsistent. Research is complicated by the fact that there are many dimensions to religion (affiliation, participation, doctrine) and suicide (ideation, attempt, completion). We systematically reviewed the literature on religion and suicide over the last 10 years (89 articles) with a goal of identifying what specific dimensions of religion are associated with specific aspects of suicide. We found that religious affiliation does not necessarily protect against suicidal ideation, but does protect against suicide attempts. Whether religious affiliation protects against suicide attempts may depend on the culture-specific implications of affiliating with a particular religion, since minority religious groups can feel socially isolated. After adjusting for social support measures, religious service attendance is not especially protective against suicidal ideation, but does protect against suicide attempts, and possibly protects against suicide. Future qualitative studies might further clarify these associations.
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Wu A, Wang JY, Jia CX. Religion and Completed Suicide: a Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131715. [PMID: 26110867 PMCID: PMC4482518 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Suicide is a major public health concern and a leading cause of death around the world. How religion influences the risk of completed suicide in different settings across the world requires clarification in order to best inform suicide prevention strategies. METHODS A meta-analysis using search results from Pubmed and Web of Science databases was conducted following PRISMA protocol and using the keywords "religion" or "religious" or "religiosity" or "spiritual" or "spirituality" plus "suicide" or "suicidality" or "suicide attempt". Random and fixed effects models were used to generate pooled ORs and I2 values. Sub-analyses were conducted among the following categories: young age (<45 yo), older age (≥45 yo), western culture, eastern culture, and religious homogeneity. RESULTS Nine studies that altogether evaluated 2339 suicide cases and 5252 comparison participants met all selection criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis suggested an overall protective effect of religiosity from completed suicide with a pooled OR of 0.38 (95% CI: 0.21-0.71) and I2 of 91%. Sub-analyses similarly revealed significant protective effects for studies performed in western cultures (OR = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.18-0.46), areas with religious homogeneity (OR = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.13-0.26), and among older populations (OR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.21-0.84). High heterogeneity of our meta-analysis was attributed to three studies in which the methods varied from the other six. CONCLUSION Religion plays a protective role against suicide in a majority of settings where suicide research is conducted. However, this effect varies based on the cultural and religious context. Therefore, public health professionals need to strongly consider the current social and religious atmosphere of a given population when designing suicide prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Wu
- School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States of America
| | - Jing-Yu Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Cun-Xian Jia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Center for Suicide Prevention Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- * E-mail:
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Langille DB, Asbridge M, Cragg A, Rasic D. Associations of School Connectedness With Adolescent Suicidality: Gender Differences and the Role of Risk of Depression. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2015; 60:258-67. [PMID: 26175323 PMCID: PMC4501583 DOI: 10.1177/070674371506000604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have not examined associations of school connectedness with adolescent suicidal behaviours stratified by gender, while including a measure of depression. We analyzed survey data to determine whether there are independent protective associations of higher school connectedness with suicidal behaviours in Canadian adolescents, while controlling for potential confounders, including risk of depression; and whether such associations differ by gender. METHOD Using data from a stratified cluster sample of randomly selected classes of students in schools in 3 of Canada's Atlantic provinces, we used multiple logistic regression to examine whether associations of risk of depression, measured using the 12-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale, lessened protective associations of higher school connectedness with suicidal behaviours in grades 10 and 12 students, while stratifying by gender. RESULTS After adjusting for risk of depression, higher school connectedness was independently associated with decreased suicidal ideation in both genders and with suicidal attempt in females. In males, higher connectedness was no longer protective for suicide attempt when risk of depression was included in the model. CONCLUSIONS School connectedness, which is felt to have positive influences on many types of adolescent behaviour, appears to also be both directly and indirectly protective for suicidality. These effects may occur through different pathways in females and males. Given the protection it offers both genders, including those at risk and not at risk of depression, increasing school connectedness should be considered as a universal adolescent mental health strategy. Studies that examine school connectedness should include analyses that examine potential differences between males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald B Langille
- Professor, Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia
| | - Mark Asbridge
- Associate Professor, Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia
| | - Amber Cragg
- Research Associate, Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia
| | - Daniel Rasic
- Staff Psychiatrist, Canadian Armed Forces Health Services Centre (Atlantic), Halifax, Nova Scotia
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Arnarsson A, Sveinbjornsdottir S, Thorsteinsson EB, Bjarnason T. Suicidal risk and sexual orientation in adolescence: a population-based study in Iceland. Scand J Public Health 2015; 43:497-505. [PMID: 25964125 DOI: 10.1177/1403494815585402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM Suicidality is an important public health problem, particularly among lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) adolescents and young adults. The purpose of the present study is to compare the rate of suicide ideations and attempts among LGB adolescent to that of non-LGB adolescents in a population-based sample, and to identify important protective factors as well as risk factors Method: We used the Icelandic data set from the 2009/2010 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study. The sample consisted of 3813 grade 10 Icelandic adolescents; 1876 girls and 1937 boys. The participants were asked about attraction and/or activity, as well as about suicidal ideation and/or attempts. The questionnaire also included various other items regarding health and lifestyle. RESULTS LGB adolescents were five to six times more likely to have had frequent suicidal ideations. Factors that were associated with less suicide ideations and fewer attempts were easy communication and liking school. The LGB girls were six times more likely to have had frequent suicide attempts, whilst the LGB boys were 17 times more likely to have attempted suicide that often. No specific protective or risk factors were identified for suicidality in LGB adolescents other than bullying. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents that had engaged in heterosexual activity and those that had LGB attraction had similarly heightened risk for suicidality, but sexually active LGB adolescents were far more likely to have suicidal ideations or to have attempted suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Einar B Thorsteinsson
- School of Behavioural, Cognitive and Social Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
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23
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Simonsen A, Scheel-Krüger J, Jensen M, Roepstorff A, Møller A, Frith CD, Campbell-Meiklejohn D. Serotoninergic effects on judgments and social learning of trustworthiness. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2014; 231:2759-69. [PMID: 24464530 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-014-3444-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Certain disorders, such as depression and anxiety, to which serotonin dysfunction is historically associated, are also associated with lower assessments of other people's trustworthiness. Serotonergic changes are known to alter cognitive responses to threatening stimuli. This effect may manifest socially as reduced apparent trustworthiness of others. Trustworthiness judgments can emerge from either direct observation or references provided by third parties. OBJECTIVE We assessed whether explicit judgments of trustworthiness and social influences on those judgments are altered by changes within serotonergic systems. METHODS We implemented a double-blind between-subject design where 20 healthy female volunteers received a single dose of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) citalopram (2 × 20 mg), while 20 control subjects (matched on age, intelligence, and years of education) received a placebo. Subjects performed a face-rating task assessing how trustworthy they found 153 unfamiliar others (targets). After each rating, the subjects were told how other subjects, on average, rated the same target. The subjects then performed 30 min of distractor tasks before, unexpectedly, being asked to rate all 153 faces again, in a random order. RESULTS Compared to subjects receiving a placebo, subjects receiving citalopram rated targets as less trustworthy. They also conformed more to opinions of others, when others rated targets to be even less trustworthy than subjects had initially indicated. The two effects were independent of negative effects of citalopram on subjective state. CONCLUSIONS This is evidence that serotonin systems can mediate explicit assessment and social learning of the trustworthiness of others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arndis Simonsen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
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Randall JR, Doku D, Wilson ML, Peltzer K. Suicidal behaviour and related risk factors among school-aged youth in the Republic of Benin. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88233. [PMID: 24505443 PMCID: PMC3914941 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Research on factors associated with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts has been conducted largely in developed countries. Research on West African countries in particular is lacking. METHODS Data were obtained from the Global School-based Health Survey conducted in Benin in 2009. This was a cross-sectional study of three grades, spanning Junior and Senior High, which sampled a total of 2,690 adolescents. Data on the occurrence of demographic, psycho-social and socio-environmental risk factors were tested using multinomial logistic regression for their association with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. RESULTS The survey indicated that 23.2% had thought about suicide and 28.3% had made a suicide attempt in the previous year. Anxiety, loneliness, being bullied, alcohol misuse, illicit drug use, and lack of parental support were independently related to the ideation outcomes, suicidal ideation without planning and suicidal ideation with planning. Multinomial regression analysis, using one suicide attempt and multiple suicide attempts as outcomes, revealed that female sex, anxiety, loneliness, being physically attacked, and illicit drug use were associated these outcomes. DISCUSSION The prevalence of suicide attempts reported in the survey is relatively high. It is possible that there are cultural factors that could explain this finding. Our research indicates that many factors are related to the occurrence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among youth in Benin. Illicit drug use and violence in particular are associated with a high rate of suicide attempts in Benin. Measures to address these issues may reduce the risk of self-inflicted violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R. Randall
- Centre for Injury Prevention and Community Safety (CIPCS), PeerCorps Trust Fund, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - David Doku
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Michael L. Wilson
- Centre for Injury Prevention and Community Safety (CIPCS), PeerCorps Trust Fund, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Unit of Adolescent Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Karl Peltzer
- Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Psychology, University of Limpopo, Mangkwang-E, South Africa
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Shang L, Li J, Li Y, Wang T, Siegrist J. Stressful psychosocial school environment and suicidal ideation in Chinese adolescents. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2014; 49:205-10. [PMID: 23811953 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-013-0728-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Suicide is one of the leading causes of death during adolescence worldwide. This study, using a sample of Chinese adolescents, examines associations of a stressful psychosocial school environment with suicidal ideation, which were rarely investigated so far. METHODS A total of 1,004 Chinese students (468 boys and 536 girls) from Grade 7-12 were recruited into our questionnaire survey. Psychosocial school environment was measured by the effort-reward imbalance questionnaire adapted to the school setting, and suicidal ideation was assessed by a standardized question. Multivariate logistic regression was applied, adjusting odds ratios for age, gender, grade, smoking, alcohol drinking, physical activity, family wealth, and self-rated health. RESULTS In school settings, 10.86% students reported suicidal ideation during the last 6 months, which was found to be significantly related to both effort and reward. Remarkably, effort-reward imbalance was associated with elevated risk of suicidal ideation (odds ratio = 1.77, 95% confidence interval = 1.34-2.35). CONCLUSIONS This study finds significant associations between a stressful psychosocial school environment in terms of effort-reward imbalance and suicidal ideation in Chinese adolescents. Preventive actions aiming at reducing this imbalance may define a promising approach towards a healthy psychosocial school environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Shang
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Petersen T, Elklit A. Risk factors for suicide attempts in the total population of Faroese eighth graders. Scand J Child Adolesc Psychiatr Psychol 2013. [DOI: 10.21307/sjcapp-2014-015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives:
Suicide is still one of the leading causes of youth mortality, and amongst others previous suicide attempts have been found to be one of the strongest risk factors for suicide. The objective of this study is to examine risk factors of suicide attempts in a total population of Faroese adolescents. It is expected that anxious attachment, high scores on negative affectivity and low scores on past and present social support were correlated to an increased risk of life-time suicide attempts in both female and male adolescents.
Method:
Analyses were conducted based on data from The Faroese Adolescent Trauma Study, a self-report questionnaire survey including a total population of Faroese eighth graders (N = 687; 85 % response rate, mean age 14.2 years, SD = 2.1). The questionnaire included The Revised Adult Attachment Scale (RAAS), The Trauma Symptom Checklist (TSC), and The Crisis Support Scale (CSS).
Results:
In the total population 9.9 % (N = 68) of the participants reported life-time suicide attempt; of those 28 % were boys and 72 % were girls. In line with the expectations, the initial comparison showed that adolescents reporting life-time suicide attempt had significantly higher scores on attachment anxiety and negative affectivity, and had significantly lower scores on attachment closeness, and both past and present social support. Further analyses stratified on gender, however, revealed unexpected results, as a high score on negative affectivity only was a significant risk factor for life-time suicide attempt among the girls, and high score on attachment closeness only was a significant protective factor of life-time suicide attempt among the boys.
Conclusions:
This study provides important data about the role of attachment, negative affectivity, and social support in suicide attempts in a total population of Faroese adolescents. Moreover the results show the necessity of taking gender into account in research of risk and protective factors of suicide attempts, and when establishing arrangements to prevent and treat suicide attempts in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tóra Petersen
- 1 National Centre for Psychotraumatology, University of Southern Denmark , Odense , Denmark
- The National Hospital of the Faroe Islands , Torshavn , Faroe Islands
| | - Ask Elklit
- 1 National Centre for Psychotraumatology, University of Southern Denmark , Odense , Denmark
- University of Ulster , Coleraine , Northern Ireland
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Suicide mortality gap between Francophones and Anglophones of Quebec, Canada. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2013; 48:1125-32. [PMID: 23262814 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-012-0637-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Few studies evaluate language-group differences in suicide mortality. This study assessed the suicide mortality gap between Francophones and Anglophones of Quebec, Canada according to age, sex, method, region and socioeconomic deprivation. METHODS Suicide decedents were extracted from the Quebec death file for 1989-2007 (N = 24,465). Age- and sex-specific suicide mortality rates were calculated for four periods (1989-1993, 1994-1998, 1999-2003, 2004-2007) for Francophones and Anglophones aged ≥10 years. Age-standardized rates of suicide by method, region, and level of social and material deprivation were calculated for each sex. Rate ratios and rate differences were estimated. RESULTS Suicide rates for Francophones were two to three times higher than rates for Anglophones, and differences were greatest for adults aged 25-64 years. Francophone males had more than two times the rate of suicide by hanging or firearms than Anglophone males. Francophone females had twice the rate of hanging, poisoning or firearm suicide as Anglophone females, although precision was low. Francophone-Anglophone suicide mortality gaps were higher in urban areas despite lower suicide rates, and varied little across levels of social and material deprivation. CONCLUSIONS There was a large suicide mortality gap between Francophones and Anglophones of Quebec; especially, among adults aged 25-64 years.
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Gage AJ. Association of child marriage with suicidal thoughts and attempts among adolescent girls in Ethiopia. J Adolesc Health 2013; 52:654-6. [PMID: 23433537 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Little information exists on the mental health implications of child marriage in Africa. This study examined the association between child marriage and suicidal ideation and suicide attempt among girls aged 10-17 years. METHODS Data were drawn from a 2007 cross-sectional survey conducted in the Amhara region, Ethiopia. Multilevel logistic regression was used to analyze risk factors for suicidality. RESULTS Approximately 5.2% of girls reported ever being married, 5.4% were promised in marriage, and 9.3% reported receiving marriage requests. Girls who were ever married (odds ratio [OR] = 1.81; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03-3.18), were promised in marriage (OR = 2.35; 95% CI = 1.38-4.01) or had received marriage requests (OR = 2.29; 95% CI = 1.46-3.59) were significantly more likely than girls who were never in the marriage process to have had suicidal thoughts in the past 3 months. Residence in communities with high involvement in stopping child marriage was protective of suicidal ideation. The odds of suicide attempt were twice as high among girls with marriage requests as among those with none. CONCLUSIONS Child marriage was associated with increased odds of suicidality. Findings call for stronger community engagement in child marriage prevention and mental health support for child brides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Jessica Gage
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Department of Global Health Systems and Development, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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Okamoto M, Kawakami N, Kido Y, Sakurai K. Social capital and suicide: an ecological study in Tokyo, Japan. Environ Health Prev Med 2012. [PMID: 23180068 DOI: 10.1007/s12199-012-0321-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to clarify the association between area-based social capital and suicide rate among municipalities of Tokyo. METHODS The study areas were 20 administrative municipalities of Tokyo. Social capital (i.e., organizational membership, social trust, fairness, helpfulness, and confidence in organizations) was measured based on data from a previous survey (response rate 28 %). Gender-specific age-adjusted suicide rates averaged over 5 years, sociodemographic, and other area characteristics were obtained from relevant national statistics. Multiple linear regression analysis of suicide rates was applied on each social capital variable, adjusting for the other area characteristics. RESULTS There was no significant crude Pearson's correlation between any social capital variable and suicide rate. Multiple regression analyses revealed a significant negative association between social trust and suicide rate for men (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS While based on only limited evidence from a cross-sectional ecological study, area-based social trust may be associated with decreased suicide rates for men in Tokyo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masumi Okamoto
- Department of Mental Health, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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