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Effect of Humic Substances as Feed Additive on the Growth Performance, Antioxidant Status, and Health Condition of African Catfish ( Clarias gariepinus, Burchell 1822). Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11082266. [PMID: 34438724 PMCID: PMC8388438 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Global aquaculture requires the development of new strategies to maintain the continuous growth of production, such as the development of aquafeeds with sustainable and functional components, ensuring better growth and health conditions of fish. Humic substances (HS) have the potential to become a functional additive for aquafeeds, as their growth-promoting and immunostimulant effects have been found in farm animals. Recently, there is limited knowledge on how different HS affects overall performance of various fish species. Therefore, in this study, the effects of four experimental Siberian leonardite HS diets (HS0, HS1, HS3, and HS6) on growth and production parameters, condition and somatic indices, overall mortality, health condition, and antioxidant status were assessed in juvenile Clarias gariepinus, which is well-known as a fast-growing and high-resistant fish species when reared at high stocking densities up to 500 kg m−3. In this study, growth and production parameters, condition, and somatic indices or mortality rate were not significantly affected by tested HS diets. On the other hand, moderately positive effects were observed regarding health status and good antioxidant parameters, especially in the HS3 group over the 56-day study. Abstract In the present study, a possible nature immunostimulant and growth promoter—humic substances (HS) originating from Siberian leonardite mineraloid—were tested on juvenile Clarias gariepinus performance. Feed additive was applied onto commercial pelleted feed at four HS levels—0, 1, 3, and 6% w/w (HS0, HS1, HS3, HS6, respectively). Diets were tested in five repetitions (in total, n = 1800 individuals, mean body weight 28.1 ± 6.2 g) for 56 days. Growth and production parameters, fish condition and somatic indices, and overall mortality were evaluated after 14, 28, 42, and 56 days of exposure. Whereas, plasma samples were collected only after 0, 28, and 56 days, when fish health status was assessed with biochemical parameters (total proteins, TP; alanine aminotransferase, ALT; aspartate aminotransferase, AST; lactate dehydrogenase, LDH; cholesterol, CHOL; triglycerides, TAG) and fish antioxidant status with glutathione (reduced glutathione, GSH; oxidized glutathione, GSSG; glutathione ratio GSH/GSSG). Although a significantly positive effect of HS feed additive on growth performance was not found in the present study, moderately positive effects were found regarding biochemical parameters (ALT, AST, LDH, CHOL, and TAG) and antioxidants (GSH/GSSG ratio) that were improved especially in the HS3 group.
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Alam RTM, Abu Zeid EH, Khalifa BA, Arisha AH, Reda RM. Dietary exposure to methyl mercury chloride induces alterations in hematology, biochemical parameters, and mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes and metallothionein in Nile tilapia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:31391-31402. [PMID: 33606169 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13014-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Methyl mercury chloride "MMC" (CH3ClHg) is an ubiquitous environmental toxicant that causes a variety of adverse effects. In the present study, we investigated the effects of sub-chronic toxicity of MMC on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) through the evaluation of growth performance and hematological, biochemical, and oxidative stress biomarkers. From 150 healthy fish, five equally sized treatment groups were created: a control (CT) group fed with a basal diet and four MMC treatment groups exposed to 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 mg of MMC per kg of basal diet for 60 days. MMC exposure significantly reduced the growth performance and survival of O. niloticus and decreased red blood cell count and hemoglobin concentration. Treated fish exhibited normocytic normochromic anemia in addition to leucopenia, lymphopenia, granulocytopenia, and monocytopenia. Moreover, MMC exposure significantly affected liver function, including a reduction in the total protein levels while increasing cholesterol and triglyceride levels. It also markedly increased the production of stress biomarkers such as glucose and cortisol levels. Furthermore, MMC significantly elevated the levels of hepatic enzymes, induced tissue damage, and caused inflammation, as indicated by the upregulation of mRNA expression of hepatic metallothionein. Finally, MMC exposure induced oxidative stress by altering the antioxidant status of the liver and downregulating the mRNA expression of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S-reductase. In conclusion, MMC toxicity induced hematological and biochemical alterations, leading to an enhanced state of oxidative stress in O. niloticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha T M Alam
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia, 44511, Egypt.
| | - Ehsan H Abu Zeid
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia, 44511, Egypt
| | - Bouthaina A Khalifa
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Hamed Arisha
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia, 44511, Egypt
| | - Rasha M Reda
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
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Bae H, Yang C, Lim W, Song G. Identification of tissue-specific expression of CXCL14 in black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 112:135-142. [PMID: 33746059 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
CXCL14 is a chemokine which is orthologous in mammals and fish. CXCL14 has a functional role in different organs, with immunomodulatory functions in mammals, but its expression and function in fish is not well known. Moreover, it shows no effects related to immunity in the central nervous system or the reproductive tract in diverse species. Black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii) is an economically important fish in Asian countries, whose CXCL14 expression pattern is yet to be understood. In this study, the homology of the CXCL14 amino acid sequence in S. schlegelii was compared with that in other species, including fish. Moreover, in situ hybridization analysis revealed that it was highly expressed in the brain and ovary of S. schlegelii. Taken together, we identified for the first time, the cell-specific expression of CXCL14 in S. schlegelii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyocheol Bae
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Changwon Yang
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea.
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Ndabambi M, Kim KY, Jung JH, Yim UH, Oh JE. Alkylated phenanthrene distributions in black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii) and biotransformation into hydroxylated metabolites after intragastric administration. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 762:143160. [PMID: 33131856 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Marine organisms such as fish are at risk of exposure to petrogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) released in oil spills. PAH toxicities are affected by the rates of PAH biotransformation and elimination in fish tissues, but little information on these rates is available. In this study, the biotransformation and tissue distribution of methylated phenanthrenes-typical petrogenic PAHs found after oil spills-in black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii) were investigated. Two groups of fish were used. Each fish in one group was given a single intragastric dose of 3-methylphenanthrene, and each fish in the other group was given a single intragastric dose of 3,6-dimethylphenanthrene. The fish were allowed to recover in purified sea water for 196 h. Methylated phenanthrenes were detected in only blood and liver for 24 h after dosing, but the concentrations decreased over time and > 98% had been eliminated by the end of the study. Four mono-hydroxylated metabolites of 3,6-dimethylphenanthrene and six mono-hydroxylated metabolites of 3-methylphenanthrene were tentatively identified for the first time from tandem mass spectrometry analyses of fish bile. The concentrations of these metabolites in bile remained constant for 192 h, suggesting that the metabolites could be used as biomarkers of rockfish exposure to petrogenic PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mlamuli Ndabambi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Yong Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Hyun Jung
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 391 Jangmok-myon, Geoje 656-834, Republic of Korea
| | - Un-Hyuk Yim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 391 Jangmok-myon, Geoje 656-834, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Oh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
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Jung JH, Yim B, Jeong S, Yoon MS, Kim BM, Ha SY, Kim M, Rhee JS, Lee YM. Development and Evaluation of Olive Flounder cyp1a1-Luciferase Assay for Effective Detection of CYP1A-Inducing Contaminants in Coastal Sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:15170-15179. [PMID: 33197181 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Flounders have been widely used as indicator species for monitoring the benthic environment of marine coastal regions owing to their habitat and feeding preferences in or on sandy sediments. Here, a single-step, sensitive, specific, and simple luciferase assay was developed, using the olive flounder cyp1a1 gene, for effective detection of CYP1A-inducing contaminants in coastal sediments. The developed cyp1a1-luciferase assay was highly sensitive to the widely used CYP1A inducers 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), and 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126). In the case of TCDD, significant dose-dependent increases in luciferase activity (0.3-300 ng/L) were detected. The assay was more sensitive to PCB 126 than to B[a]P. The assay also involved the highly sensitive expression of luciferase to extracted mixtures of PCBs and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) collected from coastal sediments. PCBs were more capable of cyp1a1 induction in the assay system at small doses than PAHs in environmental samples. Using the cyp1a1-luciferase assay along with water or sediment chemistry will certainly aid in diagnosing CYP1A-inducing contaminants in coastal environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee-Hyun Jung
- Risk Assessment Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
- Department of Ocean Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Bora Yim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Convergence Engineering, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea
| | - Sol Jeong
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee-Sup Yoon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Mi Kim
- Unit of Research for Practical Application, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Yong Ha
- Risk Assessment Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonkoo Kim
- Risk Assessment Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
- Department of Ocean Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Rhee
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Mi Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Convergence Engineering, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea
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Meier S, Karlsen Ø, Le Goff J, Sørensen L, Sørhus E, Pampanin DM, Donald CE, Fjelldal PG, Dunaevskaya E, Romano M, Caliani I, Casini S, Bogevik AS, Olsvik PA, Myers M, Grøsvik BE. DNA damage and health effects in juvenile haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) exposed to PAHs associated with oil-polluted sediment or produced water. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240307. [PMID: 33091018 PMCID: PMC7580938 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The research objective was to study the presence of DNA damages in haddock exposed to petrogenic or pyrogenic polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from different sources: 1) extracts of oil produced water (PW), dominated by 2-ring PAHs; 2) distillation fractions of crude oil (representing oil-based drilling mud), dominated by 3-ring PAHs; 3) heavy pyrogenic PAHs, mixture of 4/5/6-ring PAHs. The biological effect of the different PAH sources was studied by feeding juvenile haddock with low doses of PAHs (0.3-0.7 mg PAH/kg fish/day) for two months, followed by a two-months recovery. In addition to the oral exposure, a group of fish was exposed to 12 single compounds of PAHs (4/5/6-ring) via intraperitoneal injection. The main endpoint was the analysis of hepatic and intestinal DNA adducts. In addition, PAH burden in liver, bile metabolites, gene and protein expression of CYP1A, GST activity, lipid peroxidation, skeletal deformities and histopathology of livers were evaluated. Juvenile haddock responded quickly to both intraperitoneal injection and oral exposure of 4/5/6-ring PAHs. High levels of DNA adducts were detected in livers three days after the dose of the single compound exposure. Fish had also high levels of DNA adducts in liver after being fed with extracts dominated by 2-ring PAHs (a PW exposure scenario) and 3-ring PAHs (simulating an oil exposure scenario). Elevated levels of DNA adducts were observed in the liver of all exposed groups after the 2 months of recovery. High levels of DNA adduct were found also in the intestines of individuals exposed to oil or heavy PAHs, but not in the PW or control groups. This suggests that the intestinal barrier is very important for detoxification of orally exposures of PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeremie Le Goff
- ADn’tox, Bâtiment Recherche, Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - Lisbet Sørensen
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
- SINTEF Ocean AS, Environment and New Resources, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Elin Sørhus
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Daniela M. Pampanin
- Department of Chemistry Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
- NORCE, Randaberg, Norway
| | | | | | - Evgenia Dunaevskaya
- Department of Chemistry Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Marta Romano
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Ilaria Caliani
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Silvia Casini
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - André S. Bogevik
- Nofima AS – Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries Aquaculture Research, Fyllingsdalen, Norway
| | - Pål A. Olsvik
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
- Nord Univ, Fac Biosci & Aquaculture, Bodo, Norway
| | - Mark Myers
- Myers Ecotoxicology Services, LLC, Shoreline, Washington, United States of America
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Woo SJ, Chung JK. Cytochrome P450 1 enzymes in black rockfish, Sebastes schlegelii: Molecular characterization and expression patterns after exposure to benzo[a]pyrene. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 226:105566. [PMID: 32682194 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes play important roles in the detoxification and bioactivation of environmental contaminants and are involved in the responses to pollution in fish. In this study, we cloned four new CYP1 genes, CYP1A, CYP1B, CYP1C1, and CYP1C2, from black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii), a dominant and economically important fish species in Korea. This species is at a significant risk of exposure to petrohydrocarbons, such as benzo[a]pyrene(B[a]P), due to frequent oil spills along the Korean coast. Quantitative PCR analysis of CYP1 gene transcription in 12 organs of the fish revealed tissue-specific expression patterns. CYP1A was significantly expressed in the liver, heart, kidneys, and muscle, and CYP1B was significantly expressed in the gills, muscle, and heart. CYP1C1 and CYP1C2 showed similar tissue expression patterns, with the highest levels in the muscle. Furthermore, exposure to an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) agonist, B[a]P, at 2, 20, and 200 mg/kg body weight showed significant dysregulation of the CYP1A, CYP1B, CYP1C1, and CYP1C2 expression levels in the gills, liver, kidneys, and spleen. The mRNA expression levels of CYP1A and CYP1B were upregulated by 450- and 17-fold, respectively, in the spleen. Compared with their levels in the control, CYP1C1 increased by 45-fold, while CYP1C2 remained unchanged in the gills, indicating differential effects of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon on CYP1 expression in different fish organs. The results suggested that expression profiles of inducible CYP1 enzymes in S. schlegelii might be used as indicators for assessing aquatic contamination by AHR agonists. Determination of the basal and induced expression levels, as well as substrate specificity, of the four CYP1 enzymes may contribute to a better understanding of their roles in the metabolization of toxicants or drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Ji Woo
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, South Korea; Pathology Division, National Instititue of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, South Korea
| | - Joon Ki Chung
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, South Korea.
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Nikoorazm M, Khanmoradi M. Synthesis and characterization of VO–vanillin complex immobilized on MCM‐41 and its facile catalytic application in the sulfoxidation reaction, and synthesis of 2,3‐dihydroquinazolin‐4(1
H
)‐ones and disulfides in green media. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201900531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Nikoorazm
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceIlam University Ilam Iran
| | - Maryam Khanmoradi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceIlam University Ilam Iran
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Vignet C, Frank RA, Yang C, Wang Z, Shires K, Bree M, Sullivan C, Norwood WP, Hewitt LM, McMaster ME, Parrott JL. Long-term effects of an early-life exposure of fathead minnows to sediments containing bitumen. Part I: Survival, deformities, and growth. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 251:246-256. [PMID: 31082609 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term effects of a short exposure to natural sediments within the Athabasca oil sand formation to critical stages of embryo-larval development in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). Three different sediments were used: Ref sediment from the upper Steepbank River tested at 3 g/L (containing 12.2 ng/g ∑PAHs), and two bitumen-rich sediments tested at 1 and 3 g/L; one from the Ells River (Ells downstream, 6480 ng/g ∑PAHs) and one from the Steepbank River (Stp downstream, 4660 ng/g ∑PAHs). Eggs and larvae were exposed to sediments for 21 days, then transferred to clean water for a 5-month grow-out and recovery period. Larval fish had significantly decreased survival after exposure to 3 g/L sediment from Stp downstream, and decreased growth (length and weight at 16 days post hatch) in Ells and Stp downstream sediments at both 1 and 3 g/L. Decreased tail length was a sensitive endpoint in larval fish exposed to Ells and Stp downstream sediments for 21 days compared to Ref sediment. After the grow-out in clean water, all growth effects from the bitumen-containing sediments recovered, but adult fish from Stp downstream 3 g/L sediment had significant increases in jaw deformities. The study shows the potential for fish to recover from the decreased growth effects caused by sediments containing oil sands-related compounds, but that some effects of the early-life sediment exposure occur later on in adult fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Vignet
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Rd., Burlington, ON, L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - R A Frank
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Rd., Burlington, ON, L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - C Yang
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, 335 River Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Z Wang
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, 335 River Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - K Shires
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Rd., Burlington, ON, L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - M Bree
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Rd., Burlington, ON, L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - C Sullivan
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Rd., Burlington, ON, L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - W P Norwood
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Rd., Burlington, ON, L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - L M Hewitt
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Rd., Burlington, ON, L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - M E McMaster
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Rd., Burlington, ON, L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - J L Parrott
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Rd., Burlington, ON, L7S 1A1, Canada.
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Derakhshesh N, Salamat N, Movahedinia A, Hashemitabar M, Bayati V. Exposure of liver cell culture from the orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides, to benzo[a]pyrene and light results in oxidative damage as measured by antioxidant enzymes. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 226:534-544. [PMID: 30953898 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Among the various toxicants discharged into aquatic environments, benzo (a) pyrene (BaP) has been shown to effect on the antioxidant system of fish and the evaluation of its impact on biota is of considerable concern. The aim of the present study was to use the primary hepatocyte culture obtained from the orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides, to evaluate the adverse effects of benzo (a) pyrene (BaP) on cell viability and liver antioxidant system. BaP was selected for its high ability to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress. The liver was minced by a scalpel and digested in the PBS solution with 0.1% collagenase IV at room temperature for 20 min. Then, the cell suspension was transferred to a plate contained an equal amount of Leibovitz's L-15 medium with 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 100 IU mL-1 of penicillin and 100 μg mL-1 streptomycin. 5 mL of cell suspension were plated into sterile 25 cm2 tissue culture flasks at the density of 1.5 × 106 cell/ml L-15 and incubated at 30 °C for two weeks. The medium was renewed after 24-48 h. The number of the liver cells was adjusted to 4 × 106 after two weeks. 10-4 mol l-1 was verified by MTT assay as the IC50 of BaP. Then, hepatocytes were exposed to three concentrations of BaP (10-5, 2 × 10-5, 3 × 10-5 mol L-1) and incubated for 24 h. Samples were collected after 6, 12 and 24 h and the amounts of SOD, CAT, GPx, LPO, LDH, AST, ALT, ALP and total protein were analyzed. The results showed that, 10-5 mol L-1 of BaP was not significantly toxic to cultivated hepatocytes, however, the sensitivity of cells to BaP increased in a dose-related pattern. The activity of the antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and GPx) and liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP, LDH) significantly increased, though the amount of LPO, total antioxidant power and total protein decreased dose-dependently in BaP-exposed cells. In conclusion, according to the finding of the present study, BaP has a high potential to induce the oxidative stress in primary liver cell culture of E. coioides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Derakhshesh
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran
| | - Negin Salamat
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran.
| | - AbdolAli Movahedinia
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Mazandaran University, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hashemitabar
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Vahid Bayati
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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11
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Obanya HE, Omoarukhe A, Amaeze NH, Okoroafor CU. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Ologe Lagoon and Effects of Benzo[b]fluoranthene in African Catfish. J Health Pollut 2019; 9:190605. [PMID: 31259081 PMCID: PMC6555255 DOI: 10.5696/2156-9614-9.22.190605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ologe Lagoon is an important water body that receives effluents from neighboring industries. These effluents may increase the levels of anthropogenic contaminants in the lagoon, thereby creating stressors for aquatic organisms. OBJECTIVES To assess the occurrence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Ologe Lagoon, along with the histopathological, biochemical and genotoxic effects of the most prevalent PAH compound. METHODS An initial field study was performed to determine the concentrations of PAHs in Ologe Lagoon, followed by a chronic toxicity test to assess the effects of the most prevalent PAH compound in a fish model (Clarias gariepinus). RESULTS High molecular weight PAHs were more predominant than low molecular weight PAHs in the lagoon, with B[b]F being the most predominant. The formation of micronuclei and binuclei was induced by a 10-fold increase over the present environmental concentration of B[b]F in Ologe Lagoon. Histopathological studies showed that epithelial necrosis, fused lamellae, shortened lamellae, and desquamation were the major histological anomalies induced by ERCs of B[b]F. Results from the biochemical assay indicated that ERCs of B[b] F increased aspartate aminotransferase and alanine transaminase levels in fish. Glutathione-S-transferase, superoxide dismutase and catalase were inhibited in the exposed fish, whereas malondialdehyde was significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS Concentrations of fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo[a]anthracene, and benzo[a] pyrene in the surface water of Ologe Lagoon were above the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment's (CCME) safe limits, suggesting that the water may not be safe for domestic uses, and the present concentration of B[b]F in Ologe Lagoon may be chronically toxic to aquatic organisms, in terms of oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity. COMPETING INTERESTS The authors declare no competing financial interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Ebele Obanya
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Anthonia Omoarukhe
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Nnamdi Henry Amaeze
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
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Kim BM, Kang S, Kim RO, Jung JH, Lee KW, Rhee JS, Lee YM. De novo transcriptome assembly of brackish water flea Diaphanosoma celebensis based on short-term cadmium and benzo[ a]pyrene exposure experiments. Hereditas 2018; 155:36. [PMID: 30473655 PMCID: PMC6240204 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-018-0075-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To develop a brackish water flea as a promising model for marine monitoring, Diaphanosoma celebensis were exposed to two pollutants, cadmium (Cd) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), which have different chemical characteristics and distinct modes of metabolic action on aquatic animals. Twenty-four hours after exposure to Cd (2 mg/L) or BaP (25 μg/L), whole body transcriptomes were analyzed. In total, 99.6 Mbp were assembled from nine libraries, resulting in 98,458 transcripts with an N50 of 1883 bp and an average contig length of 968 bp. Functional gene annotations were performed using Gene Ontology, Eukaryotic Orthologous Groups, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses. Cd significantly modulated endocrine and digestive enzyme system. Following BaP treatment, DNA repair and circadian rhythm related metabolisms were significantly modulated. Both the chemicals induced stress response and detoxification metabolism. This brackish water flea genomic information will be useful to monitor estuaries and coastal regions, as water fleas have been confirmed as promising sentinel models in freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Mi Kim
- 1Unit of Polar Genomics, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990 South Korea
| | - Seunghyun Kang
- 1Unit of Polar Genomics, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990 South Korea
| | - Ryeo-Ok Kim
- 2Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Sangmyung University, Seoul, 03016 South Korea
| | - Jee-Hyun Jung
- 3Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, 53201 South Korea
| | - Kyun-Woo Lee
- 4Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 385, Haeyang-ro, Youngdo, Busan, 49111 South Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Rhee
- 5Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012 South Korea
| | - Young-Mi Lee
- 2Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Sangmyung University, Seoul, 03016 South Korea
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13
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Yim B, Kim H, Kim J, Kim H, Won EJ, Lee YM. Identification and molecular characterization of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) family genes in the marine ciliate Euplotes crassus: The effect of benzo[a]pyrene and beta-naphthoflavone. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 196:71-80. [PMID: 28341215 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Marine ciliate Euplotes crassus, a single-cell eukaryote, and has been considered as a model organism for monitoring of environmental pollutions in sediments. Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) monooxygenase are phase I enzyme involved in detoxification of environmental pollutants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). However, little information on CYP450 family genes in ciliate is available. In the present study, acute toxicity of PAH, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and PAH-like model compound, beta-naphthoflavone (β-NF), was investigated; full-length cDNA sequences and genomic structure of five CYP450 genes (CYP5680A1, CYP5681A1, CYP5681B1, CYP5682A1, and CYP5683A1) were analyzed; and finally their activities and transcriptional changes were measured after exposure to PAHs for 48h. According to the results, B[a]P exposure showed a negative effect on E. crassus survival, whereas β-NF exposure showed no significant effect. The 8h-LC50 value of B[a]P was determined to be 2.449μM (95%-C.L., 7.726-3.619μM). Five genes belonging to the CYP450 family had conserved domains and clustered with those of ciliate group, as revealed in phylogenetic analysis. CYP activity did not change after exposure to B[a]P, whereas it was slightly, but significantly, induced after exposure to β-NF. The mRNA expression of five CYP450 genes was significantly modulated in a concentration- and time-dependent manner after exposure to both the chemicals. Our findings suggest that CYP450 genes in E. crassus may be involved in detoxification of B[a]P and β-NF. This study would give a better understanding about the mode of action of B[a]P and β-NF in marine ciliates at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bora Yim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea
| | - Hokyun Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeyeon Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Won
- Marine Chemistry & Geochemistry Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Ansan 15627, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Mi Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Li C, Zhou S, Ren Y, Jiang S, Xia B, Dong X. Toxic effects in juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicas (Selenka) exposure to benzo[a]pyrene. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 59:375-381. [PMID: 27815203 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To understand the physiological response of sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicas, were exposed to different concentration of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), and the growth, survival, antioxidant enzyme (SOD and T-AOC) activities were tested. Meanwhile, the quantitative real-time PCR technology was utilized to quantize the expression of immune related genes (i.e. innate immune genes, HSP genes and anti-oxidative genes). In our result, the SOD activity and T-AOC activity were induced at lower level of B[a]P (0.03 μg/L), however, a reduction of SOD activity and T-AOC activity were observed at relatively high B[a]P concentration (3 and 9 μg/L) for A. japonicas. Furthermore, the distinct expression patterns of selected immune-related genes were detected among different concentrations, and a general trend of down-regulation was observed at higher concentration. Especially, lysozyme almost showed the highest down-regulation at all concentrations, followed by NOS. Collectively, the growth, survival and expression signatures of immune related genes reflected an overall suppression of innate immunity in sea cucumber following exposure. Future functional studies should be carried out to characterize the detailed roles of immune genes and their related responses under B[a]P toxicity. Additionally, better understanding of the molecular indicators governing the healthy status under environmental toxicity would facilitate a healthy and sustainable culture program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Shun Zhou
- Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yichao Ren
- Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
| | - Senhao Jiang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, College of Ocean and Bioengineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Bin Xia
- Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xiaoyu Dong
- Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
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15
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Shirdel I, Kalbassi MR, Shokri M, Olyaei R, Sharifpour I. The response of thyroid hormones, biochemical and enzymological biomarkers to pyrene exposure in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 130:207-13. [PMID: 27123973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are discharged into aquatic environments through anthropogenic activities mainly industrial and municipal effluents. There is little information on the adverse effects of pyrene, a member of the PAH family which is classified as a priority pollutant by the USEPA, on fish biochemical and physiological endpoints, particularly thyroid hormones. The present study investigated the effects of subacute semi-static pyrene exposure on biochemical, enzymological and ionoregulatory responses as well as thyroid hormones in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). The fish (140±10g, 1(+) year) were exposed to 10, 50 and 100µg/l nominal concentrations of pyrene for 35 days. The results revealed that pyrene at these concentrations significantly altered plasma levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, total protein, albumin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Moreover, plasma thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) were significantly decreased in fish exposed to pyrene. In contrast, plasma electrolytes (sodium, potassium and calcium) levels remained statistically unchanged after exposure to the various pyrene concentrations. In conclusion, the studied biomarkers may be used as monitoring tools to evaluate pyrene toxicity. Pyrene induced diverse effects on the physiological endpoints of common carp, thus this chemical should be considered in toxicity studies concerning PAHs. Furthermore, this study confirmed that there was an interaction between pyrene and the thyroid system in fish. Therefore, the thyroid system may be used to assess the impact of pyrene on fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Shirdel
- Department of Fisheries, Marine Sciences Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Kalbassi
- Department of Fisheries, Marine Sciences Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 46414-356, Noor, Iran.
| | - Milad Shokri
- Department of Fisheries, Hormozgan University, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Roya Olyaei
- Department of Marine Biology, Marine Sciences Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
| | - Issa Sharifpour
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases, Iranian Fisheries Research Organization, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Lucas J, Bonnieux A, Lyphout L, Cousin X, Miramand P, Lefrançois C. Trophic contamination by pyrolytic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons does not affect aerobic metabolic scope in zebrafish Danio rerio. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2016; 88:433-442. [PMID: 26768980 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The effect of trophic exposure to pyrolitic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) on aerobic metabolism of zebrafish Danio rerio was investigated. There were no significant differences in standard metabolic rate (SMR), active metabolic rate (AMR) or aerobic metabolic scope (AS) at any sublethal concentration of PAH in the diet of adult or juvenile fish. This suggests that under these experimental conditions, exposure to PAH in food did not influence aerobic metabolism of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lucas
- UMR 7266 Littoral Environnement Sociétés (LIENSs), Institut du Littoral et de l'Environnement, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France
- IFREMER, Place Gaby Coll, BP7, 17137 L'Houmeau, France
| | - A Bonnieux
- UMR 7266 Littoral Environnement Sociétés (LIENSs), Institut du Littoral et de l'Environnement, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - L Lyphout
- IFREMER, Place Gaby Coll, BP7, 17137 L'Houmeau, France
| | - X Cousin
- IFREMER, Place Gaby Coll, BP7, 17137 L'Houmeau, France
- INRA LPGP, Campus de Beaulieu, Bâtiment 16A, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - P Miramand
- UMR 7266 Littoral Environnement Sociétés (LIENSs), Institut du Littoral et de l'Environnement, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - C Lefrançois
- UMR 7266 Littoral Environnement Sociétés (LIENSs), Institut du Littoral et de l'Environnement, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France
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17
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Vignet C, Devier MH, Le Menach K, Lyphout L, Potier J, Cachot J, Budzinski H, Bégout ML, Cousin X. Long-term disruption of growth, reproduction, and behavior after embryonic exposure of zebrafish to PAH-spiked sediment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:13877-87. [PMID: 24659400 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2585-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A natural sediment spiked with three individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs; pyrene, phenanthrene and benzo[a]pyrene) was used to expose zebrafish embryos and larvae during 4 days. The total PAH concentration was 4.4 μg g(-1) which is in the range found in sediment from contaminated areas. Quantification of metabolites in the larvae after exposure confirmed the actual contamination of the larvae and indicated an active metabolism especially for pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene. After a transfer in a clean medium, the larvae were reared to adulthood and evaluated for survival, growth, reproduction, and behavior. Measured endpoints revealed a late disruption of growth (appearing at 5 months) and a trend toward a lower reproductive ability. Adults of embryos exposed to sediment spiked with PAHs displayed lethargic and/or anxiety-like behaviors. This latter behavior was also identified in offspring at larval stage. All together, these effects could have detrimental consequences on fish performances and contribution to recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Vignet
- Laboratoire d'Ecotoxicologie, Ifremer, Place Gaby Coll, BP7, 17137, L'Houmeau, France
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18
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Vignet C, Le Menach K, Mazurais D, Lucas J, Perrichon P, Le Bihanic F, Devier MH, Lyphout L, Frère L, Bégout ML, Zambonino-Infante JL, Budzinski H, Cousin X. Chronic dietary exposure to pyrolytic and petrogenic mixtures of PAHs causes physiological disruption in zebrafish--part I: Survival and growth. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:13804-13817. [PMID: 24652572 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2629-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The release of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) into the environment has increased very substantially over the last decades leading to high concentrations in sediments of contaminated areas. To evaluate the consequences of long-term chronic exposure to PAHs, zebrafish were exposed, from their first meal at 5 days post fertilisation until they became reproducing adults, to diets spiked with three PAH fractions at three environmentally relevant concentrations with the medium concentration being in the range of 4.6-6.7 μg g(-1) for total quantified PAHs including the 16 US-EPA indicator PAHs and alkylated derivatives. The fractions used were representative of PAHs of pyrolytic (PY) origin or of two different oils of differing compositions, a heavy fuel (HO) and a light crude oil (LO). Fish growth was inhibited by all PAH fractions and the effects were sex specific: as determined with 9-month-old adults, exposure to the highest PY inhibited growth of females; exposure to the highest HO and LO inhibited growth of males; also, the highest HO dramatically reduced survival. Morphological analysis indicated a disruption of jaw growth in larvae and malformations in adults. Intestinal and pancreatic enzyme activities were abnormal in 2-month-old exposed fish. These effects may contribute to poor growth. Finally, our results indicate that PAH mixtures of different compositions, representative of situations encountered in the wild, can promote lethal and sublethal effects which are likely to be detrimental for fish recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Vignet
- Laboratoire d'Ecotoxicologie, Ifremer, Place Gaby Coll, BP7, 17137, L'Houmeau, France
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19
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Naderi M, Safahieh A, Madiseh SD, Zolgharnein H, Ghatrami ER. Induction of vitellogenin synthesis in immature male yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus) exposed to 4-nonylphenol and 17β-estradiol. Toxicol Ind Health 2012; 31:209-20. [PMID: 23258736 DOI: 10.1177/0748233712469646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the effects of xenoestrogen 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) and 17β-estradiol (E2) on the synthesis of vitellogenin (VTG) in immature male yellowfin seabream (Acanthoparus latus) were assessed to determine the potential use of this species as a biological model for studying endocrine disrupters in the Musa estuary in southern seawaters of Iran. A total number of 104 fish were injected by 10, 50, 100, 150 and 200 µg g(-) (1) week(-) (1) of 4-NP and 2 µg g(-) (1) week(-) (1) of E2, and their blood plasma was obtained for biochemical analysis on days 0, 7 and 14. The hepatosomatic index (HSI) of each fish was also recorded at each sampling time. The results showed that 4-NP significantly induced VTG synthesis in A. latus, which was detected by gel electrophoresis as two major protein bands (∼210 and 191 KDa). The induction of VTG was also determined indirectly by measuring the alkali-labile phosphate, total plasma calcium and protein. All of these VTG indicators significantly increased in the plasma of 4-NP- and E2-treated fish. Meanwhile, a significant dose-dependent increase was observed in HSI, indicating the activation of hepatic VTG production in 4-NP- and E2-injected fish. Furthermore, the plasma alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase concentrations significantly increased in 4-NP-treated fish, presumably reflecting a situation of hepatic tissue damage due to 4-NP toxicity. Based on the results, it is suggested that A. latus could be used successfully as a model species for future studies of endocrine disrupting contaminants in the Musa estuary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Naderi
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Alireza Safahieh
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Simin Dehghan Madiseh
- Department of Marine Ecology, South of Iran Aquaculture Research Center, Ahvaz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Hossein Zolgharnein
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Ebrahim Rajabzade Ghatrami
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Natural Resources, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Islamic Republic of Iran
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Hedayati A, Jahanbakhshi A. The effect of water-soluble fraction of diesel oil on some hematological indices in the great sturgeon Huso huso. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2012; 38:1753-1758. [PMID: 22707189 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-012-9672-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Hematological and Immunological parameters of aquatic animals may be changes due to acute, subacute and chronic exposure to marine pollutants. The purpose of this study was to determine the experimental effects of water-soluble fraction (WSD) doses (0, 10, 100, 500 and 1,000 ppm) for 0, 48 h and 7 days on hematological and immunological features of juvenile great sturgeon Huso huso. Fish exposed after 48 h and 7 days showed a significant change in the white blood cell (P < 0.01) in contrast to red blood cell (P > 0.05). Only MCV, neutrophil and lymphocyte show significant change within 48-h exposure to WSD (P < 0.05), whereas among significant indices, MCV and lymphocyte had been decreased and neutrophil had increased. Seven-day exposures showed a significant change in MCV, neutrophil, eosinophil and lymphocyte concentration in relation to the respective control (P < 0.05), whereas among significant indices, neutrophils were significantly greater and MCV, eosinophil and lymphocyte were significantly lower than those in control groups (P < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliakbar Hedayati
- Department of Fishery, Faculty of Fisheries and Environment, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Abdolreza Jahanbakhshi
- Department of Fishery, Faculty of Fisheries and Environment, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
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21
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Palanikumar L, Kumaraguru AK, Ramakritinan CM, Anand M. Biochemical response of anthracene and benzo [a] pyrene in milkfish Chanos chanos. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 75:187-197. [PMID: 21944957 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Revised: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are common toxic pollutants found in the aquatic environment, and the assessment of their impact on biota is of considerable concern. The aim of the present research was to study the acute toxicity, bioaccumulation and biochemical response of milkfish Chanos chanos (Forsskal) to two selected PAHs: anthracene and benzo [a] pyrene. Acute toxicity test results were evaluated by the Probit analysis method and 96h LC(50) values for C. chanos exposed to anthracene was 0.030mgl(-1) and 0.014mgl(-1) for benzo [a] pyrene. Bioaccumulation concentration of anthracene was high when compared to benzo [a] pyrene. Biomarkers indicative of neurotoxicity (acetylcholinesterase, AchE), oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation, LPO and catalase, CAT) and phase II biotransformation of xenobiotics (glutathione S transferase, GST and reduced glutathione, GSH) were measured to assess effects of selected PAHs. Anthracene and benzo [a] pyrene increase LPO and CAT level of C. chanos suggesting that these PAHs may induce oxidative stress. Both the PAHs inhibited AchE indicating that they have at least one mechanism of neurotoxicity in common: the disruption of cholinergic transmission by inhibition of AChE. An induction of C. chanos glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity was found in fish exposed to benzo [a] pyrene, while an inhibition was observed after exposure to anthracene. These results suggest that GST is involved in the detoxification of benzo [a] pyrene, but not of anthracene.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Palanikumar
- Department of Marine and Coastal Studies, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India.
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22
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Riva C, Binelli A, Rusconi F, Colombo G, Pedriali A, Zippel R, Provini A. A proteomic study using zebra mussels (D. polymorpha) exposed to benzo(α)pyrene: the role of gender and exposure concentrations. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2011; 104:14-22. [PMID: 21536009 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Revised: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
It has recently been established that the use of proteomics can be a useful tool in the field of ecotoxicology. Despite the fact that the mussel Dreissena polymorpha is a valuable bioindicator for freshwater ecosystems, the application of a proteomic approach with this organism has not been deeply investigated. To this end, several zebra mussel specimens were subjected to a 7-day exposure of two different concentrations (0.1 and 2 μg L⁻¹) of the model pollutant benzo[α]pyrene (B[α]P). Changes in protein expression profiles were investigated in gill cytosolic fractions from control/exposed male and female mussels using 2-DE electrophoresis. B[α]P bioaccumulation in mussel soft tissue was also assessed to validate exposure to the selected chemical. We evaluated overall changes in expression profiles for 28 proteins in exposed mussels, 16 and 12 of which were, respectively, over- and under-expressed. Surprisingly, the comparative analysis of protein data sets showed no proteins that varied commonly between the two different B[α]P concentrations. Spots of interest were manually excised and analysed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. The most significant proteins that were identified as altered were related to oxidative stress, signal transduction, cellular structure and metabolism. This preliminary study indicates the feasibility of a proteomic approach with the freshwater mussel D. polymorpha and provides a starting point for similar investigations. Our results confirm the need to increase the number of invertebrate proteomic studies in order to increase the following: their representation in databases and the successful identification of their most relevant proteins. Finally, additional studies investigating the role of gender and protein modulation are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Riva
- Department of Biology, Ecology Section, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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