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Tali A, Lekouch N, Ahboucha S. Lambda-cyhalothrin alters locomotion, mood and memory abilities in Swiss mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 188:114680. [PMID: 38677402 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) is a type II pyrethroid widely used in agriculture for plant protection against pests. However, pyrethroids represents a risk for rural female farmworkers, and few studies addressed LCT-behavioural alterations in mice. The present study evaluates the effect of LCT on behaviour of eight weeks aged female mice. Mice were divided into three groups including treated mice that received through gavage (i) 0.5 mg/kg bw and (ii) 2 mg/kg of LCT dissolved in corn oil, and (iii) the vehicle controls. Behavioural tests assess the locomotor activity using open field test, the anxiety by the dark-light box test, the learning memory with novel object recognition test, the memory retention by the elevated plus maze test, and the spatial working memory using the Y-maze test. Subacute treatment with low doses of LCT decreases total distance travelled, induces anxiogenic effect by reducing the time spent in the enlightened compartment, alters memory retention by increasing the latency time, and also affects learning memory by reducing the recognition index parameter. However, LCT does not significantly alter spatial working memory. In conclusion, LCT-treated female mice show an alteration in locomotor activity, mood state and memory abilities probably related to oxidative stress and altered neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assmaa Tali
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Research and Innovation (MLRI), Research Team: Technological Applications, Environmental Resources and Health, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Khouribga, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, PB, 145-25000, Morocco
| | - Nadra Lekouch
- Laboratory of Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Bd: Moulay Abdellah, BP, 2390-40001, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Samir Ahboucha
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Research and Innovation (MLRI), Research Team: Technological Applications, Environmental Resources and Health, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Khouribga, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, PB, 145-25000, Morocco.
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2
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Oluwoyo T, Kocadal K, Saygi S, Battal D. Determination of pesticide residue content in fruits and vegetables from Lagos, Nigeria. Environ Anal Health Toxicol 2024; 39:e2024002-0. [PMID: 38631394 PMCID: PMC11079411 DOI: 10.5620/eaht.2024002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Developing countries like Nigeria are increasingly employing pesticides to boost the productivity of their agriculture and food supply, despite the fact that doing so poses a health risk to the general populace. The purpose of this study was to assess pesticide residue levels in Lagos, Nigeria. A total of 18 samples from three neighbourhood markets were collected, and they were then examined for the presence of organochlorine (Endosulfan I, Pentachlorophenol, Heptachlor epoxide, and Endosulfan II) and organophosphate (Dichlorvos, Dimethoate, Phorate, and methyl parathion) residues. During the pre-treatment, the multi-residue Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS citrate) method with the addition of acetonitrile was used, and then samples were analysed using GC-MS. All of the samples contained dichlorvos, but the orange sample's concentration was below the limit of quantification, making quantification impossible. Dimethoate concentrations were below MRLs except waterleaf sample. With a concentration of 0.043 μg/mL, Waterleaf had the highest quantity of dimethoate in the sample. The findings of this study indicate that in order to safeguard the health of consumers, it is necessary to closely monitor organochlorine and organophosphate use nationwide, along with other related pesticides, and to test for pesticide residues in food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tosin Oluwoyo
- Near East University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Nicosia/TRNC Mersin 10, Türkiye
| | - Kumsal Kocadal
- Near East University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Nicosia/TRNC Mersin 10, Türkiye
| | - Sahan Saygi
- Near East University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Nicosia/TRNC Mersin 10, Türkiye
| | - Dilek Battal
- Near East University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Nicosia/TRNC Mersin 10, Türkiye
- Mersin University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Mersin, Türkiye
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3
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Ouakhssase A, Jalal M, Addi EA. Pesticide contamination pattern from Morocco, insights into the surveillance situation and health risk assessment: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:313. [PMID: 38416294 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12507-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The widespread application of pesticides in Morocco's agriculture renders their monitoring in food and environmental samples very necessary. Recent years have witnessed a growing interest in reporting studies related to the monitoring of pesticide residues in food, water, groundwater, and soil as well as their quantitative health risk assessment. Most published studies have been done by university researchers. However, the lack of research reproducibility remains a problem that considerably limits the possibility of exploiting data from the literature. Our study involves an extensive literature review utilizing search engines with keywords like "pesticide residues," "monitoring," "vegetables and fruits," "water and soil," "risk assessment," and "Morocco" from 2009 to 2023. Analysis of pesticide residues in foodstuffs and environmental samples highlights concerns over compliance with EU regulations, the health risks associated with pesticide exposure, and the necessity for comprehensive monitoring and risk assessment strategies. This paper could help influence policies to develop a strategy and action plan for the sound management of pesticides, including measures to reduce their use, raise awareness, and monitor compliance. Also, this paper could be useful for scientists interested in understanding the current situation and challenges regarding pesticide residues in Morocco, as well as countries with which commercial links exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Ouakhssase
- Laboratoire des Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Tanger, Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi, Tétouan, Morocco.
| | - Mariam Jalal
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Génétique Moléculaire (LBCGM), Faculté des sciences, Université Ibn Zohr, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Elhabib Ait Addi
- Equipe de recherche Génie des procédés et Ingénierie Chimique (GPIC), Ecole Supérieure de Technologie d'Agadir, B.P: 33/S, Université Ibn Zohr, Agadir, Morocco
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4
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Bellot M, Teixidó A, Torrell A, Aletà N, Gómez-Canela C. Residues of Deltamethrin in Pine Needles and Pine Nuts of Catalonia (Spain). Molecules 2023; 28:8050. [PMID: 38138540 PMCID: PMC10745627 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, recurrent droughts have weakened stone pine (Pinus pinea) forests and facilitated the emergence of harmful pests and diseases, including the Leptoglossus occidentalis. The production of stone pine nuts has declined over the past five years. To control this hemipteran pest, a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide called deltamethrin is being tested. However, it is necessary to estimate the residue left by these treatments in forest stands. Therefore, a fast and robust analytical procedure was developed based on QuEChERS clean-up extraction, followed by gas chromatography coupled with an electron capture detector. This optimized method can detect residual concentrations of deltamethrin in pine nuts and pine needles up to 0.1 and 6 μg kg-1, respectively, with a limit of quantification of 0.4 and 20 μg kg-1. Great recoveries (between 84 and 102%) were obtained for both matrices, and no matrix effect was observed. The results showed that two weeks after spraying, the deltamethrin content in the needles of stone pines decreased by up to 75%, and after nine months, its presence was like that of nontreated trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Bellot
- Department of Analytical and Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Institut Químic de Sarrià-Ramon Llull University, Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Anna Teixidó
- Multifunctional Forest Management Program, Forest Science and Technology Centre of Catalonia (CTFC), Ctra. St. Llorenç de Morunys, Km 2, 25280 Solsona, Spain;
| | - Antoni Torrell
- Department of Climate Action, Food and Rural Agenda, Forestal Catalana S.A., Dr. Roux 80, 08017 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Neus Aletà
- Agroforetsry Group, Fruit Tree Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Torre Marimon, 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Spain;
| | - Cristian Gómez-Canela
- Department of Analytical and Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Institut Químic de Sarrià-Ramon Llull University, Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain;
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Ouakhssase A, Ait Addi E. Monitoring 432 potential pesticides in tomatoes produced and commercialized in Souss Massa region-Morocco, using LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 337:122611. [PMID: 37769705 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we monitored 432 pesticide residues in 39 tomato samples (cherry tomato) obtained from local markets in Souss Massa region-Morocco. We used a QuEChERS combined with LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS, and the method was validated based on SANTE 11312/2021 guideline. The limits of quantification (LOQ) obtained for most of the pesticides analyzed are at the limit with default EU MRLs or well below other EU MRLs. Recoveries (between 70 and 120%) and RSDs (≤20%) are satisfactory for more than 95% of the analytes at spiking level of 0.01 mg/kg and more than 97% at 0.1 mg/kg. The results indicated that 22 out of 39 tomato samples are positives and the most of our samples had levels lower than the maximum residue levels (MRLs) with average concentrations between 0.011 and 0.156 mg/kg. The most found pesticides were azoxystrobin and difenoconazole in tomato (7 samples). Only buprofezin (0.095 mg/kg) was found above the EU MRLs (0.01 mg/kg). Also, banned pesticides namely benalaxyl, spirodiclofen and imidacloprid have been detected. The results of our study confirm the previous findings and gives insights on the occurrence of different pesticides in tomato samples from Souss Massa region-Morocco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Ouakhssase
- Equipe de recherche Génie des procédés et Ingénierie Chimique (GPIC), Ecole Supérieure de Technologie d'Agadir, B.P: 33/S, Université Ibn Zohr, Agadir, Morocco.
| | - Elhabib Ait Addi
- Equipe de recherche Génie des procédés et Ingénierie Chimique (GPIC), Ecole Supérieure de Technologie d'Agadir, B.P: 33/S, Université Ibn Zohr, Agadir, Morocco
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Chlorothalonil exposure induces "liver-gut axis" disorder in mice. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:1030-1033. [PMID: 35880573 PMCID: PMC9828307 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Choubbane H, Ouakhssase A, Chahid A, Taourirte M, Aamouche A. Pesticides in fruits and vegetables from the Souss Massa region, Morocco. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS. PART B, SURVEILLANCE 2022; 15:79-88. [PMID: 35076356 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2022.2028196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This survey reports the monitoring of multi-pesticide residues of some fruits and vegetables sold in the local markets, sampled in 2018-2019, in the Souss Massa region in Morocco. A QuEChERS-LC-MS/MS method for 202 pesticides, belonging to different classes (carbamates, organophosphorus and organonitrogen pesticides) was applied and 51 samples were randomly bought from the local market, belonging to different products (tomato, cucumber, coriander, apricot, parsley, potato, zucchini, green bean, lettuce, strawberry and orange) and analysed for pesticide residues, which were detected in 69% of the samples, below the maximum residue limits (MRLs) for some pesticides which represent 14% of the targeted compounds. The most frequently detected compounds were acetamiprid, acibenzolar-s-methyl, abamectin, azoxystrobin, bifenazate, bitertanol, bromuconazole, butoxycarboxim, cyromazine, difenoconazole, epoxiconazole, fenbuconazole, fluometuron, linuron, metaflumizone, metconazole, metribuzin, myclobutanil, pirimicarb, pyraclostrobin, propamocarb, rotenone, trichlorfon, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, thiamethoxam and thiophanate-methyl. The obtained results provide a value to the situation of pesticide residues in Morocco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanane Choubbane
- Laboratoire Ingénierie des Systèmes et Applications (LISA), Ecole Nationale des Sciences Appliquées de Marrakech, Université Cadi Ayyad, Guéliz-Marrakech, Morocco
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Développement Durable et Santé (LRDDS), Faculté des Sciences et Technique Gueliz, Université Cadi Ayyad, Guéliz Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Abdallah Ouakhssase
- Equipe Génie des Procédés et Ingénierie Chimique (GPIC), Ecole Supérieure de Technologie d'agadir, Université Ibn Zohr, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Adil Chahid
- Laboratoire Régional d'analyses et de Recherche Agadir (LRARA), Office National de Sécurité Sanitaire des Produits Alimentaires (ONSSA), Agadir, Morocco
| | - Moha Taourirte
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Développement Durable et Santé (LRDDS), Faculté des Sciences et Technique Gueliz, Université Cadi Ayyad, Guéliz Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Ahmed Aamouche
- Laboratoire Ingénierie des Systèmes et Applications (LISA), Ecole Nationale des Sciences Appliquées de Marrakech, Université Cadi Ayyad, Guéliz-Marrakech, Morocco
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Sine H, Achbani A, Filali K. Measuring butyrylcholinesterase activity and hematological parameters in farmers exposed to pesticides: a case and control study from Morocco. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2021; 77:345-350. [PMID: 33583346 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2021.1886034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Farmers are exposed to a wide range of pesticides. The application of these pesticides has been documented to lead to several adverse health effects. This aim of this case-control study was to estimate risks linked to pesticide exposure among farmers in the Souss region of Morocco through the analysis of serum butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity and hematological parameters. This prospective study included 98 participants (49 farmers and 49 controls). A questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic data, technical information regarding the application of pesticides, previous poisonings by pesticides, and training on the use of pesticides. The blood samples were collected for hematological parameters and BChE analysis, and the activity of BChE was measured spectrophotometrically by the butyrlthiocholine method. The results showed no significant differences in hemoglobin (HB), hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, platelets, red blood cell, and leukocyte cell counts between both the exposed farmer and the control group. In contrast, a significant decreased in mean corpuscular HB, mean corpuscular HB concentration, eosinophils, and basophils counts were observed. In addition, the exposed group showed a significant decrease in the BChE activity (p < .001) compared to the control group. Farmers exposed to pesticides in the Souss Massa region may be at risk of hematological alterations as well as neurotoxicity, characterized by inhibition of BChE enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sine
- Medical Biology, Human and Experimental Pathologyand Environment, Department of Life and Health Science, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohamed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - A Achbani
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr, Agadir, Morocco
| | - K Filali
- Medical Biology, Human and Experimental Pathologyand Environment, Department of Life and Health Science, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohamed V University, Rabat, Morocco
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Yang G, Wang Y, Li J, Wang D, Bao Z, Wang Q, Jin Y. Health risks of chlorothalonil, carbendazim, prochloraz, their binary and ternary mixtures on embryonic and larval zebrafish based on metabolomics analysis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 404:124240. [PMID: 33075626 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chlorothalonil (CTL), carbendazim (CBZ), and prochloraz (PCZ) are fungicides widely used in many countries. The use of these fungicides raises concerns because they are often applied together or used in the same agricultural area. However, the toxicity of these fungicides or mixtures, especially to aquatic organisms, has received limited attention. Here, embryonic and larval zebrafish were exposed to indicated concentrations of CTL, CBZ, and PCZ and their binary (CTL+CBZ, CTL+PCZ and CBZ+PCZ) and ternary (CTL+CBZ+PCZ) mixtures for 24 h. Based on metabolomics analysis, we observed that hundreds of metabolites were altered, and glycolysis metabolism and amino acid metabolism were the two most affected pathways. Interestingly, a total of 9 and 26 metabolites changed significantly in embryos and larvae treated with all fungicides, respectively. Among these altered metabolites, 2-aminoadipic acid (2-AAA) levels increased significantly in all groups, indicating that 2-AAA potentially represents a useful biomarker for evaluating the toxicity of fungicides. Furthermore, the joint effects of CTL+PCZ on embryos and larvae, especially on amino acid metabolism, were weaker than those in other groups, but combined treatment did not influence individual fungicidal activity. Data acquired from metabolomics provided important insight for understanding the mechanism by which fungicides or their mixtures affect zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiling Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dou Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiwei Bao
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
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Occurrence of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables for the Eastern Mediterranean Region and potential impact on public health. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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11
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Sine H, Grafel KE, Alkhammal S, Achbani A, Filali K. Serum cholinesterase biomarker study in farmers - Souss Massa region-, Morocco: case-control study. Biomarkers 2019; 24:771-775. [PMID: 31642715 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2019.1684564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: Farmers and their workers are exposed to a wide variety of pesticides. The use of pesticides has been documented to lead to several adverse health effects. Inhibition of cholinesterase, primarily butyrylcholinesterase is a good indicator of occupational exposure to organophosphates and carbamates.Objective: This case-control study aims to study the risks associated with pesticide exposure among farmers and agricultural workers in the Souss Massa region by analyzing variations in the response of a pesticides exposure biomarker: Serum Cholinesterase Activity (butyrylcholinesterase (BChE)).Materials and methods: This was a prospective study conducted on 133 participants (71 farmers and 62 non-farmers). A structured questionnaire was applied collecting socio-demographic information and determining knowledge and work practices in relation to pesticide use. The activity of Serum cholinesterase was measured by the butyrulthiocholine method a spectrophotometric assay.Results: The mean age of the participants was 42.5 ± 10.66 years. The study demonstrated significantly lower BChE activity, respectively, in the plasma of farmers exposed to pesticides, compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The measured mean level of BChE activity was (7304.80 ± 1939.99 U/L) and (9746.42 ± 1699.85 U/L) in the farmers and the control group (non-farmers), respectively. In addition, a high proportion of farmers reported that empty containers are burned in the open (74.6%) for waste disposal. A proportion (11.3%) of farmers also reported that empty container waste is spilled on the farm.Conclusions: The decrease in BChE indicates a serious public health problem among farmers who use organophosphate pesticides. This study suggests that regular monitoring for blood cholinesterase and effective interventions to reduce pesticide exposure to prevent health effects should be provided to farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sine
- Department of Life and Health Science, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohamed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - K El Grafel
- Department of Health Techniques, Higher Institute of Nursing and Health Care Professions, Agadir, Morocco
| | - S Alkhammal
- Department of Health Techniques, Higher Institute of Nursing and Health Care Professions, Agadir, Morocco
| | - A Achbani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr, Agadir, Morocco
| | - K Filali
- Department of Life and Health Science, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohamed V, Rabat, Morocco
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12
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Yin G, Athanassiadis I, Bergman Å, Zhou Y, Qiu Y, Asplund L. A refined method for analysis of 4,4'-dicofol and 4,4'-dichlorobenzophenone. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:13307-13314. [PMID: 28386885 PMCID: PMC5434158 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8956-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The acaricide, dicofol, is a well-known pesticide and partly a substitute for dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). Only few reports on environmental occurrence and concentrations have been reported calling for improvements. Hence, an analytical method was further developed for dicofol and dichlorobenzophenone (DCBP) to enable assessments of their environmental occurrence. Concentrated sulfuric acid was used to remove lipids and to separate dicofol from DCBP. On-column injection was used as an alternative to splitless injection to protect dicofol from thermal decomposition. By the method presented herein, it is possible to quantify dicofol and DCBP in the same samples. Arctic cod (Gadus morhua) were spiked at two dose levels and the recoveries were determined. The mean recovery for dicofol was 65% at the low dose (1 ng) and 77% at the high dose (10 ng). The mean recovery for DCBP was 99% at the low dose (9.2 ng) and 146% at the high dose (46 ng). The method may be further improved by use of another lipid removal method, e.g., gel permeation chromatography. The method implies a step forward in dicofol environmental assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Yin
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ioannis Athanassiadis
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åke Bergman
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center, Forskargatan 20, SE-15136, Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Yihui Zhou
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden.
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Yanling Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Lillemor Asplund
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
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THOMPSON LA, DARWISH WS, IKENAKA Y, NAKAYAMA SMM, MIZUKAWA H, ISHIZUKA M. Organochlorine pesticide contamination of foods in Africa: incidence and public health significance. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:751-764. [PMID: 28302941 PMCID: PMC5402199 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have been used worldwide, particularly in Africa, for several decades. Although many are banned, several African countries still use OCPs especially for the prevention and control of malaria. OCPs are characterized by their bio-accumulation in the environment, especially in the food chain, where they find their way into the human body. Despite no clear epidemiological studies confirming hazardous effects of these chemicals on human health, many studies have reported positive associations between the use of OCPs and neurological and reproductive disorders, and cancer risk. There is a clear gap in published reports on OCPs in Africa and their potential health hazards. Thus, the aim of this review is to summarize the incidence of OCP contamination in various foods in Africa, to demonstrate the potential transmission of these chemicals to people and to discuss their possible health hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesa A. THOMPSON
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental
Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo
060-0818, Japan
| | - Wageh Sobhy DARWISH
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental
Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo
060-0818, Japan
- Food Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44510, Egypt
| | - Yoshinori IKENAKA
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental
Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo
060-0818, Japan
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and
Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Shouta M. M. NAKAYAMA
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental
Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo
060-0818, Japan
| | - Hazuki MIZUKAWA
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental
Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo
060-0818, Japan
| | - Mayumi ISHIZUKA
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental
Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo
060-0818, Japan
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14
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Saidi I, Mouhouche F, Abri H. Determination of pesticide residues on tomatoes from greenhouses in Boudouaou and Douaouda, Algeria. QUALITY ASSURANCE AND SAFETY OF CROPS & FOODS 2017. [DOI: 10.3920/qas2015.0716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Saidi
- Laboratory of Phytopharmacy, National Superior School of Agronomy, Hassan Badi Avenue, El Harrach, 16000 Algiers, Algeria
| | - F. Mouhouche
- Laboratory of Phytopharmacy, National Superior School of Agronomy, Hassan Badi Avenue, El Harrach, 16000 Algiers, Algeria
| | - H. Abri
- Department of Chemistry, Saad Dahleb University, Road of Soumâa, BP270, Blida, Algeria
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15
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Jankowska M, Kaczynski P, Hrynko I, Lozowicka B. Dissipation of six fungicides in greenhouse-grown tomatoes with processing and health risk. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:11885-900. [PMID: 26957431 PMCID: PMC4893063 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6260-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate the dissipation rate kinetics and estimate the behavior of selected pesticides after washing, peeling, simmering, and canning of tomato expressed as processing factor (PF). Two varieties (Marissa and Harzfeuer) were treated by six fungicides: azoxystrobin, boscalid, chlorothalonil, cyprodinil, fludioxonil, and pyraclostrobin at single and double dose and risk assessment defined as hazard quotient was performed. The QuEChERS method was used for sample preparation followed by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The dissipation of fungicides approximately fitted to a first-order kinetic model, with half-life values ranging from 2.49 and 2.67 days (cyprodinil) to 5.00 and 5.32 days (chlorothalonil) for Marissa and Harzfeuer variety, respectively. Results from processing studies showed that treatments have significant effects on the removal of the studied fungicides for both varieties. The PFs were generally less than 1 (between 0.01 and 0.90) and did not depend on variety. The dietary exposure assessed based on initial deposits of application at single and double dose on tomatoes and concentration after each process with PF correction showed no concern to consumer health. Our results would be a useful tool for monitoring of fungicides in tomatoes and provide more understanding of residue behavior and risk posed by these fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Jankowska
- Laboratory of Pesticide Residues, Plant Protection Institute-National Research Institute, Chelmonskiego 22, 15-195, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Piotr Kaczynski
- Laboratory of Pesticide Residues, Plant Protection Institute-National Research Institute, Chelmonskiego 22, 15-195, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Izabela Hrynko
- Laboratory of Pesticide Residues, Plant Protection Institute-National Research Institute, Chelmonskiego 22, 15-195, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Bozena Lozowicka
- Laboratory of Pesticide Residues, Plant Protection Institute-National Research Institute, Chelmonskiego 22, 15-195, Bialystok, Poland
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16
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Lozowicka B, Abzeitova E, Sagitov A, Kaczynski P, Toleubayev K, Li A. Studies of pesticide residues in tomatoes and cucumbers from Kazakhstan and the associated health risks. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:609. [PMID: 26337756 PMCID: PMC4559566 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4818-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the level of pesticide residues in vegetables in the Almaty Region of Kazakhstan and to determine the potential health risks associated with the exposures to these pesticides. A total of 82 samples of cucumbers and tomatoes from top agro-based market and greenhouses were analysed using a gas chromatography-micro electron capture detector/nitrogen-phosphorous detector (GC-μECD/NPD), a multiresidue method to analyse 184 different pesticide types. The results indicated that more than half of samples (59 %) contained 29 pesticides, in which 10 are not registered in Kazakhstan, ranging from 0.01 to 0.88 mg kg(-1), and 28 % contained pesticide residues above maximum residue levels (MRLs). The estimated daily intakes (EDIs) ranged from 0.01 % of the acceptable daily intake (ADI) for pyrimethanil to 12.05 % of the ADI for lambda-cyhalothrin. The most critical commodity is triazophos and flusilazole in tomatoes, contributing 70.8 and 42.5 % to the acute hazard index (aHI). The results provided important information on the current pesticide contamination status of two commonly consumed vegetables and pointed an urgent need to control the use of plant protection products applied, especially potentially persistent pesticides, such as endosulfan and dicofol. These results also show that the detected pesticides may be considered a public health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozena Lozowicka
- Laboratory of Pesticide Residues, Plant Protection Institute - National Research Institute, Chełmonskiego 22 Str, 15195, Bialystok, Poland,
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17
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Zhang A, Luo W, Sun J, Xiao H, Liu W. Distribution and uptake pathways of organochlorine pesticides in greenhouse and conventional vegetables. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 505:1142-1147. [PMID: 25466687 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The application of greenhouse vegetable cultivation has dramatically expanded worldwide during the last several decades. However, little information is available on the distribution and uptake of pesticides in greenhouse vegetables. To bridge this knowledge gap, the present study was initiated to investigate the distribution and uptake of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in vegetables from plastic greenhouse and conventional cultivation methods. The uptake pathways of OCPs were not significantly different between these two cultivation methods. The arithmetic means of OCP concentrations in greenhouse vegetables were higher than those in conventional vegetables, although there was no significant difference. This small difference raised the concern of whether the tiny difference could be magnified to a significant difference by bioaccumulation in the food chain. The issue should be addressed by a well-designed scheme in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Top Key Discipline of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
| | - Wenxiu Luo
- Top Key Discipline of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Jianqiang Sun
- Top Key Discipline of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Science, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Weiping Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation & Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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18
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Ben Salem I, Fekih S, Sghaier H, Bousselmi M, Saidi M, Landoulsi A, Fattouch S. Effect of ionising radiation on polyphenolic content and antioxidant potential of parathion-treated sage (Salvia officinalis) leaves. Food Chem 2013; 141:1398-405. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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