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Yuan L, Chai Y, Li C, Liu R, Chen Z, Li L, Li W, He Y. Dissipation, residue, dietary, and ecological risk assessment of atrazine in apples, grapes, tea, and their soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:35064-35072. [PMID: 33661496 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13133-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine is one of the most used herbicides in China. It is a persistent organic pollutant but has been widely used on Chinese farmlands for a long time. To assess its dietary and ecological risks to human and environment, in this study, atrazine residues were extracted with acetonitrile and then plant samples were detected with gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and soil samples were determined with gas chromatography coupled with nitrogen-phosphorus detector (GC-NPD). The limit of quantification (LOQ) of the method was 0.01 mg/kg for all matrices. The recoveries ranged from 82.0 to 105.4% for plant samples and 75.6 to 85.6% for soil samples. The final residues of atrazine in all plant samples were lower than LOQ. Dietary risk assessment suggested that under good agricultural practices (GAP) conditions, intake of atrazine from apples, grapes, and tea would exhibit an acceptably low health risk on consumers. However, the final residues of atrazine in soil samples were <0.01-9.2 mg/kg, and the half-lives were 2.0-9.1 days. Based on the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) model, the potential affected fraction (PAF) of atrazine in soil samples ranges from 0.01 to 65.8%. Atrazine residues in 43.1% soil samples were higher than 0.11 mg/kg, which was the hazardous concentration for 5% of species (HC5) of atrazine in soil. These results suggested that the ecological risks of atrazine in apples, grapes, and tea garden soil would exhibit a high risk on environmental species even under the same GAP conditions. This study could provide guidance for comprehensive risk assessment of atrazine properly used in apple, grape, and tea gardens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Yida Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- School of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Congdi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zenglong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yujian He
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China.
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Aleksova M, Kenarova A, Boteva S, Georgieva S, Chanev C, Radeva G. Effects of increasing concentrations of fungicide Quadris R on bacterial functional profiling in loamy sand soil. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:4385-4396. [PMID: 34117918 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02423-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A mesocosm experiment was conducted to assess the side effects of the fungicide QuadrisR on soil bacterial functioning. QuadrisR was applied to a loamy sand soil at increasing concentrations (0.0-35.0 mg kg-1 dry soil) calculated according to its active ingredient azoxystrobin (Az). Soil sampling was carried out from the 1st to the 120th day of soil incubation to determine the changes occurred in bacterial catabolism using the technique of community-level physiological profiling (CLPP) via Biolog EcoPlates™. It was found that the field recommended fungicide concentration (2.90 mg kg-1 dry soil) altered mostly the low-available Biolog carbon sources (< 0.50 optical density (OD)), whereas the fungicide higher concentrations (14.65 and 35.00 mg kg-1 dry soil) were effective also on medium (0.50-1.00 OD) and highly (> 1.00 OD) utilizable ones. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the main environmental factors correlated with the utilization rates of Biolog carbon sources (CSs) were soil nutrients and pH. No linear relationships were found between Az soil residues and the use of CSs. We concluded that QuadrisR affects bacterial catabolic profiles in loamy sand soils through soil acidification and altering soil nutrient pool. The study also revealed that CLPP and EcoPlate™ are useful practical tools for testing the fungicide ecotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaella Aleksova
- Institute of Molecular Biology "Acad. Roumen Tsanev", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Anelia Kenarova
- Department of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kl. Ohridski", 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd, 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Silvena Boteva
- Department of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kl. Ohridski", 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd, 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Stela Georgieva
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University "St. Kl. Ohridski", 1 James Bourchier Blvd, 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Christo Chanev
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University "St. Kl. Ohridski", 1 James Bourchier Blvd, 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Galina Radeva
- Institute of Molecular Biology "Acad. Roumen Tsanev", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Wang Y, Song Q, Wang F, Tang S, Pan T, Zhang Y, Hu D. Bagging and non-bagging treatment on the dissipation and residue of four mixed application pesticides on banana fruit. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:3472-3480. [PMID: 33270234 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bananas are vulnerable to disease and insect pests after producing fruit. In order to increase the yield and produce high-quality fruit, the insecticides and fungicides are mixed and applied 2-3 times on banana, then the fruit is bagged. Buprofezin, imidacloprid, difenoconazole, and pyraclostrobin are widely used on banana. However, there is a lack of research on the effect of fruit bagging on pesticide dissipation and residues on bananas. RESULTS A versatile liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method with modified QuEChERS sample preparation has been developed for the determination of buprofezin, imidacloprid, difenoconazole, and pyraclostrobin in bananas. The recovery of four pesticides was satisfactory (74.96-98.63%) with reasonable relative standard deviation (≤ 8.78%). In Hainan and Guangzhou, the half-lives of the four pesticides were 4.68-13.9 and 5.63-20.4 days in non-bagged and bagged bananas, respectively. The significance analysis of the half-lives in the two sites showed that the dissipation rates of the three pesticides (imidacloprid, difenoconazole, pyraclostrobin) on whole bananas were significantly decreased by the effect of bagging (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the degradation of half-life of buprofezin under bagging and without bagging (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The high vapor pressure and the non-systemic property cause buprofezin to evaporate and dissipate the fastest among the four studied pesticides. The ultimate residues of four pesticides in bananas are lower than the maximum residue limits in China after three times of mixed applications under bagging or non-bagging. The results provide scientific data for evaluating the safety of four pesticides in banana bagging. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qingmei Song
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shouying Tang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Tingtiao Pan
- College of Biological Sciences and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun, China
| | - Yuping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Deyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Mohapatra S, Siddamallaiah L, Matadha NY, Gadigeppa S, Raja DP, Udupi VR. Persistence and dissipation study of azoxystrobin, buprofezin, dinocap and hexaconazole on mango (Mangifera indica L.). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:32820-32828. [PMID: 32519101 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09557-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Azoxystrobin, buprofezin, dinocap and hexaconazole are widely used in crop protection of mango from flowering to harvest. Residue assessment of these chemicals on mango fruits was done following treatments at the recommended and double doses as per good agricultural practices (GAP). Mango fruit and soil sample preparation was done by QuEChERS, and analysis was done using LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography mass spectrometry). Using these techniques, the limit of detection (LOD) determined was 1.5 μg kg-1 and limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.005 mg kg-1 for all analytes. The residue levels on mango initially were 0.265 and 0.55 mg kg-1 for azoxystrobin, 0.63 and 0.974 mg kg-1 for buprofezin, 0.635 and 0.98 mg kg-1 for dinocap and 0.203 and 0.35 mg kg-1 for hexaconazole from standard and double dose treatments, respectively. The dissipation rate of the pesticides on mango fruits was about the same except for azoxystrobin, which dissipated slowly compared with others. The half-life of degradation (DT50) of azoxystrobin was 10.4-12.1 days; buprofezin, 5.8-8.5 days; dinocap, 5.4-6.2 days; and hexaconazole, 4.4-6.1 days. The pre-harvest interval (PHI) based on European Union (EU) MRL (maximum residue limit) requirements were 1 day for azoxystrobin, 15 and 26 days for buprofezin, 27 and 34 days for dinocap, and 19 and 30 days for hexaconazole. The results of this study can be used to produce mango fruits safe for consumption and to meet the regulatory requirements for export of mango fruits from India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudamini Mohapatra
- Pesticide Residue Laboratory, Division of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta Lake P.O., Bangalore, 560089, India.
| | - Lekha Siddamallaiah
- Pesticide Residue Laboratory, Division of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta Lake P.O., Bangalore, 560089, India
| | - Nagapooja Yogendraiah Matadha
- Pesticide Residue Laboratory, Division of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta Lake P.O., Bangalore, 560089, India
| | - Shambulinga Gadigeppa
- Pesticide Residue Laboratory, Division of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta Lake P.O., Bangalore, 560089, India
| | - Danish Poothotathil Raja
- Pesticide Residue Laboratory, Division of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta Lake P.O., Bangalore, 560089, India
| | - Veena Rao Udupi
- Pesticide Residue Laboratory, Division of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta Lake P.O., Bangalore, 560089, India
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Bian Y, Guo G, Liu F, Chen X, Wang Z, Hou T. Meptyldinocap and azoxystrobin residue behaviors in different ecosystems under open field conditions and distribution on processed cucumber. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:648-655. [PMID: 31577839 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several diseases and insects may cause damage to the normal growth of cucumber. Azoxystrobin and meptyldinocap, because of their novel mode of action, are effective against pathogens that have developed reduced sensitivity to other fungicides. Azoxystrobin is persistent in various crops and environments. However, there is a lack of research on the dissipation of these two pesticides, especially meptyldinocap. RESULTS Analytes could be quantified with decent recoveries of 90-101%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 3.0-10.1%. The terminal residues of meptyldinocap and azoxystrobin in cucumber were all < limit of quantification (LOQ) (0.02 and 0.05 mg kg-1 ). The half-lives of meptyldinocap and azoxystrobin were 0.8-1.1 and 1.2-2.8 days, respectively. The processing factors (PFs) for washing were all < 1, but the removal rate for washing was < 29.0%. Peeling had a significant effect on the removal of pesticide. The largest residue reductions were noticed through the pickling process, but special care should be taken regarding residues in the pickling solution as pesticides could transfer to them from cucumber. A more interesting finding was that the degradation of two pesticides was accelerated by the addition of calcium oxide. CONCLUSION Pesticide residues on cucumber decreased after these processes. These results enable the health-risks from dietary exposures to pesticide residues to be characterized. They enable maximum residue limits (MRLs) to be established for pesticide residues in food products. They also assist the optimization of food processing with regard to pesticide residue dissipation. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Bian
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Guo
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fengmao Liu
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaochu Chen
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zongyi Wang
- BeiJing Key Laboratory of Detection and Control of Spoilage Microorganisms and Pesticide Residues in Agricultural Products, Beijing University of Agricultural, Beijing, China
| | - Tongyao Hou
- BeiJing Key Laboratory of Detection and Control of Spoilage Microorganisms and Pesticide Residues in Agricultural Products, Beijing University of Agricultural, Beijing, China
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Qin X, Luo X, Han J, Chen Y, Zhang K, Hu D. Residual determination of pyrethrins in Lycium barbarum (goji) by GC-MS/MS and a dietary risk assessment of Chinese goji consumption. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2020; 37:478-487. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2019.1707295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxian Qin
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Luo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jiahua Han
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ye Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Kankan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Deyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Long X, Wang N, Song Q, Wang Y, Chen L, Hu D, Zhang Y. Effects of mineral oil spray additives on the distribution and dissipation kinetics of pyraclostrobin and azoxystrobin in banana leaves, fruits, and soil. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 34:e4745. [PMID: 31725903 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Using LC-MS/MS, a rapid and sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of pyraclostrobin and azoxystrobin residues in banana matrices (leaf and whole banana) and soil was established. The samples were extracted using acetonitrile and purified through C18 dispersive solid-phase extraction. The average recovery of the analytes in various matrices was in the range of 77.3%-103.9% with an RSD range of 0.9%-9.5%. The initial deposition amounts of pyraclostrobin and azoxystrobin at 2 h in the banana leaves of the mineral oil group were 1.43 and 1.31 times in Guangxi, and 2.10 and 1.81 times in Hainan for the water group, whereas those in the soil of the water group were 3.45 and 3.03 times in Guangxi, and 2.14 and 3.48 times in Hainan for the mineral oil group. The half-lives in the leaves and soil of the mineral oil group were not remarkably different from those of the water group. The terminal residue of the analytes on the whole banana was <0.02 mg/kg at 14 days after application from the two sites. The results of this work may indicate and promote the safety of using pyraclostrobin and azoxystrobin in banana production, especially with mineral oil spray adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Long
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Niao Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qingmei Song
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ye Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lingzhu Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Deyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yuping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Zhang Q, Yang Y, Liu X, Chen Y, Hu D, Lu P. Simultaneous Determination of Flonicamid and its Metabolites in Tea by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry. ANAL LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2018.1508294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingtao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ya Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiangwu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ya Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Deyu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Xu J, Long X, Ge S, Li M, Chen L, Hu D, Zhang Y. Deposition amount and dissipation kinetics of difenoconazole and propiconazole applied on banana with two commercial spray adjuvants. RSC Adv 2019; 9:19780-19790. [PMID: 35519386 PMCID: PMC9065373 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02874a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid and sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of difenoconazole and propiconazole residues in banana matrices was established using GC-MS/MS. The average recovery rates of difenoconazole and propiconazole from various matrices ranged from 76.7% to 94.9%. The relative standard deviation was between 0.9% and 7.4%. The effect of adding organosilicon and mineral oil adjuvants after being applied to the residues of difenoconazole and propiconazole in banana leaves was examined. The initial deposition amount 2 hours after the adjuvant treatment with organosilicon and mineral oil was 1.22–2.13 times higher than that after water treatment. After adding the two spray adjuvants, the residues of the two pesticides at 2 hours on three samples followed the order leaves > soil > fruit. The degradation half-lives of the two pesticides were in the range of 1.91–7.30 days for all the three treatments in two typical banana-growing areas in China. The degradation half-lives of the two pesticides in the water treatment group and the mineral oil treatment group were similar. However, organosilicon could apparently increase the half-life of difenoconazole on banana leaves. The final levels of difenoconazole and propiconazole residues on whole banana fruits were ≤0.1 mg kg−1 (MRL) 14 days after application. The results of this work may aid the safe use of difenoconazole and propiconazole in banana production, especially when used with organosilicon and mineral oil adjuvants. The effect of adding organosilicon and mineral oil adjuvants after being applied to the residues of difenoconazole and propiconazole in banana leaves was studied. The partition of the pesticides between soil, leaves and fruits was evaluated.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering
- Ministry of Education
- Guizhou University
- Guiyang 550025
| | - Xiaofang Long
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering
- Ministry of Education
- Guizhou University
- Guiyang 550025
| | - Shijia Ge
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering
- Ministry of Education
- Guizhou University
- Guiyang 550025
| | - Mengli Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering
- Ministry of Education
- Guizhou University
- Guiyang 550025
| | - Lingzhu Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering
- Ministry of Education
- Guizhou University
- Guiyang 550025
| | - Deyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering
- Ministry of Education
- Guizhou University
- Guiyang 550025
| | - Yuping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering
- Ministry of Education
- Guizhou University
- Guiyang 550025
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Yu Y, Wang S, Zhang Q, Yang Y, Chen Y, Liu X, Feng C, Hu D, Lu P. Dissipation, residues, and risk assessment of imidacloprid in Zizania latifolia and purple sweet potato under field conditions using LC-MS/MS. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2018; 54:89-97. [PMID: 30460878 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2018.1531661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A shortened version of Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe method (QuEChERS) for determining the dissipation and residue of imidacloprid present in Zizania latifolia and purple sweet potato was established by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The average recoveries of imidacloprid in the two crops ranged from 82.12 to 113.79%, with relative standard deviation (RSD) of <7.32%. The dissipation dynamics of imidacloprid in Z. latifolia plants and purple sweet potato plants followed first-order kinetics, with half-lives of 3.2-5.5 days in each of sampling locations. The terminal imidacloprid residues in Z. latifolia and purple sweet potato at each of location were <0.005-0.120 mg kg-1. According to the risk assessment results, both the acute dietary risk quotient and chronic dietary risk quotient values were <1, indicating that imidacloprid is unlikely to pose health risks to humans with normal recommended use. The present study may serve as a valuable reference for the safe and reasonable use of imidacloprid in Z. latifolia and purple sweet potato fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Yu
- a Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education , Guizhou University , Guiyang , People's Republic of China
- b Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals , Guizhou University , Guiyang , People's Republic of China
| | - Shouyi Wang
- a Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education , Guizhou University , Guiyang , People's Republic of China
- b Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals , Guizhou University , Guiyang , People's Republic of China
| | - Qingtao Zhang
- a Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education , Guizhou University , Guiyang , People's Republic of China
- b Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals , Guizhou University , Guiyang , People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Yang
- b Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals , Guizhou University , Guiyang , People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Chen
- b Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals , Guizhou University , Guiyang , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangwu Liu
- b Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals , Guizhou University , Guiyang , People's Republic of China
| | - Caiwei Feng
- c Beijing Kwinbon Biotechnology Co., Ltd , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Deyu Hu
- a Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education , Guizhou University , Guiyang , People's Republic of China
- b Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals , Guizhou University , Guiyang , People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Lu
- a Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education , Guizhou University , Guiyang , People's Republic of China
- b Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals , Guizhou University , Guiyang , People's Republic of China
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11
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Wang S, Jin F, Cao X, Shao Y, Wang J, She Y, Qi Y, Zhang C, Li H, Jin M, Wang J, Shao H, Zheng L. Residue behaviors and risk assessment of flonicamid and its metabolites in the cabbage field ecosystem. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 161:420-429. [PMID: 29908453 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.05.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Flonicamid, a novel selective systemic pesticide, can effectively control a broad range of insect pests. However, the dissipation behaviors and the terminal residues of flonicamid and its metabolites in some crops and soils remain unclear. Herein, an easy, sensitive and reliable method using a modified QuEChERS extraction coupled with LC-MS/MS for the simultaneous analysis of flonicamid and its metabolites in cabbage and soil was developed. Based on this method, the dissipation behaviors of flonicamid and its metabolites as well as their persistence in cabbage and soil during harvest were investigated. Flonicamid degraded rapidly, and the half-lives of flonicamid only and total residues (the sum of flonicamid and its metabolites) were 1.49-4.59 and 1.97-4.99 days in cabbage, and 2.12-7.97 and 2.04-7.62 days in soil, respectively. When 50% flonicamid WG was sprayed once or twice at the recommended dose and 1.5-fold the recommended dose, the highest residues of total flonicamid in cabbage and soil from different pre-harvest intervals (3, 7 and 14 days) were 0.070 and 0.054 mg kg-1, respectively. The risk quotient (RQ) of flonicamid based on the consumption data from China was below 16.84%, indicating that the use of flonicamid is non-hazardous to humans. These results could not only guide the safe and responsible use of flonicamid in agriculture but also help the Chinese government establish the maximum residue level (MRL) for flonicamid in cabbage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China.
| | - Fen Jin
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Cao
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Yong Shao
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Jian Wang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, PR China
| | - Yongxin She
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Yan Qi
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Maojun Jin
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China.
| | - Hua Shao
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Lufei Zheng
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
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12
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Szpyrka E, Walorczyk S. Dissipation of difenoconazole in apples used for production of baby food. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2017; 52:131-137. [PMID: 27820667 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2016.1248141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Dissipation of fungicide difenoconazole (3-chloro-4-[(2RS,4RS;2RS,4SR)-4-methyl-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl]phenyl 4-chlorophenyl ether) was studied following its application on apples intended for production of baby food. The apples (varieties: Jonagold Decosta, Gala and Idared) were sprayed with the formulation to control pathogens causing fungal diseases: powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha ELL et Ev./Salm.) and apple scab (Venturia inaequalis Cooke/Aderh.). A validated gas chromatography-based method with simultaneous electron capture and nitrogen phosphorus detection (GC-ECD/NPD) was used for the residue analysis. The analytical performance of the method was highly satisfactory, with expanded uncertainties ≤ 19% (a coverage factor, k = 2, and a confidence level of 95%). The dissipation of difenoconazole was studied in pseudo-first-order kinetic models (for which the coefficients of determination, R2, ranged between 0.880 and 0.977). The half-life of difenoconazole was 12-21 days in experiments conducted on three apple varieties. In these experiments, the initial residue levels declined gradually and reached the level of 0.01 mg kg-1 in 50-79 days. For the residue levels to remain below 0.01 mg kg-1 (the maximum acceptable concentration for baby foods), difenoconazole must be applied approximately 3 months before harvest, at a dose of 0.2 L ha-1 (50 g of an active ingredient per ha).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Szpyrka
- a Laboratory of Pesticide Residue Analysis, Regional Experimental Station, Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute , Rzeszów , Poland
| | - Stanisław Walorczyk
- b Department of Pesticide Residue Research , Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute , Poznań , Poland
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13
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Polidoro BA, Morra MJ. An ecological risk assessment of pesticides and fish kills in the Sixaola watershed, Costa Rica. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:5983-5991. [PMID: 26832877 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6144-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Along the southeastern coast of Costa Rica, a variety of pesticides are intensively applied to produce export-quality plantains and bananas. In this region, and in other agricultural areas, fish kills are often documented by local residents and/or in the national news. This study examines principal exposure pathways, measured environmental concentrations, and selected toxicity thresholds of the three most prevalent pesticides (chlorpyrifos, terbufos, and difenoconazole) to construct a deterministic risk assessment for fish mortality. Comparisons of observed pesticide concentrations, along with estimated biological effects and observations during actual fish kills, highlight gaps in knowledge in correlating pesticide environmental concentration and toxicity in tropical environments. Observations of fish kill events and measured pesticide concentrations in the field, along with other water quality indicators, suggest that a number of environmental conditions can interact to cause fish mortality and that current species toxicity datasets may not be applicable for estimating toxicological or other synergistic effects, especially in tropical environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth A Polidoro
- School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
| | - Matthew J Morra
- Department of Plant, Soil and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
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14
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He M, Jia C, Zhao E, Chen L, Yu P, Jing J, Zheng Y. Concentrations and dissipation of difenoconazole and fluxapyroxad residues in apples and soil, determined by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:5618-5626. [PMID: 26578373 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5750-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A new combined difenoconazole and fluxapyroxad fungicide formulation, as an 11.7 % suspension concentrate (SC), has been introduced as part of a resistance management strategy. The dissipation of difenoconazole and fluxapyroxad applied to apples and the residues remaining in the apples were determined. The 11.7 % SC was sprayed onto apple trees and soil in Beijing, Shandong, and Anhui provinces, China, at an application rate of 118 g a.i. ha(-1), then the dissipation of difenoconazole and fluxapyroxad was monitored. The residual difenoconazole and fluxapyroxad concentrations were determined by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The difenoconazole half-lives in apples and soil were 6.2-9.5 and 21.0-27.7 days, respectively. The fluxapyroxad half-lives in apples and soil were 9.4-12.6 and 10.3-36.5 days, respectively. Difenoconazole and fluxapyroxad residues in apples and soil after the 11.7 % SC had been sprayed twice and three times, with 10 days between applications, at 78 and 118 g a.i. ha(-1) were measured. Representative apple and soil samples were collected after the last treatment, at preharvest intervals of 14, 21, and 28 days. The difenoconazole residue concentrations in apples and soil were 0.002-0.052 and 0.002-0.298 mg kg(-1), respectively. The fluxapyroxad residue concentrations in apples and soil were 0.002-0.093 and 0.008-1.219 mg kg(-1), respectively. The difenoconazole and fluxapyroxad residue concentrations in apples were lower than the maximum residue limits (0.5 and 0.8 mg kg(-1), respectively). An application rate of 78 g a.i. ha(-1) is therefore recommended to ensure that treated apples can be considered safe for humans to consume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min He
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing, 100097, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhong Jia
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing, 100097, People's Republic of China
| | - Ercheng Zhao
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing, 100097, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Chen
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing, 100097, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingzhong Yu
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing, 100097, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Jing
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing, 100097, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongquan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Dissipation and Safety Evaluation of Tebuconazole Residues in Peanut-Field Ecosystem. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40011-015-0642-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Abdelraheem EMH, Hassan SM, Arief MMH, Mohammad SG. Validation of quantitative method for azoxystrobin residues in green beans and peas. Food Chem 2015; 182:246-50. [PMID: 25842334 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.02.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study presents a method validation for extraction and quantitative analysis of azoxystrobin residues in green beans and peas using HPLC-UV and the results confirmed by GC-MS. The employed method involved initial extraction with acetonitrile after the addition of salts (magnesium sulfate and sodium chloride), followed by a cleanup step by activated neutral carbon. Validation parameters; linearity, matrix effect, LOQ, specificity, trueness and repeatability precision were attained. The spiking levels for the trueness and the precision experiments were (0.1, 0.5, 3 mg/kg). For HPLC-UV analysis, mean recoveries ranged between 83.69% to 91.58% and 81.99% to 107.85% for green beans and peas, respectively. For GC-MS analysis, mean recoveries ranged from 76.29% to 94.56% and 80.77% to 100.91% for green beans and peas, respectively. According to these results, the method has been proven to be efficient for extraction and determination of azoxystrobin residues in green beans and peas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab M H Abdelraheem
- Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Agriculture Research Center, 7, Nadi El-Said St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt; The University of Georgia, Lab for Environmental Analysis, 160 Phoenix Rd, Room 134, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Sayed M Hassan
- The University of Georgia, Lab for Environmental Analysis, 160 Phoenix Rd, Room 134, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Mohamed M H Arief
- Benha University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Qalyubia Governorate, Benha 13518, Egypt.
| | - Somaia G Mohammad
- Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Agriculture Research Center, 7, Nadi El-Said St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
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17
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Zhang W, Chen H, Han X, Yang Z, Tang M, Zhang J, Zeng S, Hu D, Zhang K. Determination and analysis of the dissipation and residue of cyprodinil and fludioxonil in grape and soil using a modified QuEChERS method. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:414. [PMID: 26050067 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4661-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A simple and accurate method coupled with a gas chromatography-nitrogen phosphorus detector was developed to detect cyprodinil and fludioxonil in grape and soil. The accuracy and precision of the method in detecting the two fungicides were evaluated by conducting intra- and inter-day recovery experiments. The limits of detection were 0.017 mg/kg for cyprodinil and 0.030 mg/kg for fludioxonil. The limits of quantitation were 0.05 mg/kg for cyprodinil and 0.10 mg/kg for fludioxonil in grape and soil. The recoveries of the fungicides in grape and soil were investigated at three spiked levels and were found to range from 85.81 to 102.94% for cyprodinil and from 92.00 to 106.86% for fludioxonil, with relative standard deviations below 7%. Field experiments were conducted in two experimental locations in China. The half-lives of cyprodinil were 9.6-20.8 days in grape and 5.8-15.6 day in soil, and the half-lives of fludioxonil were 6.2-7.2 days in grape and 6.0-12.1 days in soil. When the cyprodinil and fludioxonil 62% water-dispersible granule formulation was sprayed at a low dosage three times, terminal residues of cyprodinil and fludioxonil were below 1.0 mg/kg in grape 14 days after harvest. This work may serve as a reference to establish the maximum residue limits for cyprodinil and fludioxonil in grape and promote the proper and safe use of these two fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
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