1
|
Wang F, Bian S, Zhou W, Liu S, Shu Y, Chen Y. Causal relationship between blood traits and severe influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 infection in East Asian: A Mendelian randomization study. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29736. [PMID: 38864349 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Although a range of blood traits have been reported to be associated with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 (H1N1pdm09) disease severity, their underlying causal relationships and biological mechanisms have remained unclear. This study aimed to investigate the causal relationship between blood traits and H1N1pdm09 using a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. Based on the data from our in-house genome-wide association study (GWAS) on H1N1pdm09 disease severity (Ncase [severe] = 70, Ncontrol [mild] = 95) and GWAS summaries of 44 blood traits from Biobank Japan (N = 12 303-143 658), we identified the potential causal effect of blood traits on severe H1N1pdm09. The inverse variance weighted method analysis revealed significant causal effects of lower aspartate aminotransferase (AST, β = -3.212, p = 0.019), low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C, β = -1.372, p = 0.045), and basophil counts (Baso, β = -1.638, p = 0.047) on severe H1N1pdm09 disease. Additionally, polygenic risk score analysis further confirmed genetic overlap between these blood traits and severe H1N1pdm09 disease. This study provided evidence linking the lower level of AST, LDL-C, and lower count of Baso with severe H1N1pdm09 disease, potentially identifying new therapeutic targets for patients with severe influenza.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuxiang Wang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengzhe Bian
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Wudi Zhou
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyang Liu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuelong Shu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (MOE), State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongkun Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lyoo KS, Lee H, Lee SG, Yeom M, Lee JY, Kim KC, Yang JS, Song D. Experimental Infection and Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron Variants among Beagle Dogs. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:782-785. [PMID: 36848871 PMCID: PMC10045707 DOI: 10.3201/eid2904.221727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We assessed susceptibility of dogs to SARS-COV-2 Delta and Omicron variants by experimentally inoculating beagle dogs. Moreover, we investigated transmissibility of the variants from infected to naive dogs. The dogs were susceptible to infection without clinical signs and transmitted both strains to other dogs through direct contact.
Collapse
|
3
|
Luciano CA, Caraballo-Cartagena S. Treatment and Management of Infectious, Granulomatous, and Toxic Neuromuscular Disorders. Neuromuscul Disord 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-71317-7.00016-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
4
|
Abstract
Influenza infection causes severe illness in 3 to 5 million people annually, with up to an estimated 650,000 deaths per annum. As such, it represents an ongoing burden to health care systems and human health. Severe acute respiratory infection can occur, resulting in respiratory failure requiring intensive care support. Herein we discuss diagnostic approaches, including development of CLIA-waived point of care tests that allow rapid diagnosis and treatment of influenza. Bacterial and fungal coinfections in severe influenza pneumonia are associated with worse outcomes, and we summarize the approach and treatment options for diagnosis and treatment of bacterial and Aspergillus coinfection. We discuss the available drug options for the treatment of severe influenza, and treatments which are no longer supported by the evidence base. Finally, we describe the supportive management and ventilatory approach to patients with respiratory failure as a result of severe influenza in the intensive care unit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liam S O'Driscoll
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, St. James's University Hospital, Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Research Organization (MICRO), Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ignacio Martin-Loeches
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, St. James's University Hospital, Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Research Organization (MICRO), Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.,Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, CIBERes, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
RNA-Seq Analysis of Influenza A Virus-Induced Transcriptional Changes in Mice Lung and Its Possible Implications for the Virus Pathogenicity in Mice. Viruses 2021; 13:v13102031. [PMID: 34696461 PMCID: PMC8538690 DOI: 10.3390/v13102031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The influenza A virus (IAV) is an important cause of respiratory disease worldwide. It is well known that alveolar epithelial cells are the target cells for the IAV, but there is relatively limited knowledge regarding the role of macrophages during IAV infection. Here, we aimed to analyze transcriptome differences in mouse lungs and macrophage (RAW264.7) cell lines infected with either A/California/04/2009 H1N1 (CA09) or A/chicken/SD/56/2015 H9N2 (SD56) using deep sequencing. The uniquely differentially expressed genes (UDEGs) were analyzed with the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases; the results showed that the lungs infected with the two different viruses had different enrichments of pathways and terms. Interestingly, CA09 virus infection in mice was mostly involved with genes related to the extracellular matrix (ECM), while the most significant differences after SD56 infection in mice were in immune-related genes. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of RAW264.7 cells revealed that regulation of the cell cycle was of great significance after CA09 infection, whereas the regulation of the immune response was most enriched after SD56 infection, which was consistent with analysis results in the lung. Similar results were obtained from weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), where cell cycle regulation was extensively activated in RAW264.7 macrophages infected with the CA09 virus. Disorder of the cell cycle is likely to affect their normal immune regulation, which may be an important factor leading to their different prognoses. These results provide insight into the mechanism of the CA09 virus that caused a pandemic and explain the different reactivities of monocytes/macrophages infected by H9N2 and H1N1 IAV subtypes.
Collapse
|
6
|
Fu B, Wu Z, Huang L, Chai Z, Zheng P, Sun Q, Gu S, Xu Q, Feng H, Tang L. A comparison of demographic, epidemiological and clinical characteristics of hospital influenza-related viral pneumonia patients. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:1002. [PMID: 34563110 PMCID: PMC8466655 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06485-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Through the comparison of the demographic, epidemiological, and clinical characteristics of hospital human influenza (influenza A (H1N1) pdm09, H3N2, and B)-related and hospitalized avian-origin influenza A (H7N9)-related viral pneumonia patients, find the different between them. Methods A retrospective study was conducted in hospitalized influenza-related viral pneumonia patients. Results Human influenza A-related patients in the 35–49-year-old group were more than those with B pneumonia patients (p = 0.027), and relatively less in the ≥ 65-year-old group than B pneumonia patients (p = 0.079). The proportion of comorbid condition to human influenza A pneumonia was 58%, lower than B pneumonia and H7N9 pneumonia patients (78% vs. 77.8%; p = 0.013). The proportion of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), lymphocytopenia, elevated lactate dehydrogenase to hospitalized human influenza A-related viral pneumonia patients was higher than B pneumonia patients (p < 0.05), but lower than H7N9 pneumonia patients (p < 0.05). In the multivariate analysis, pulmonary consolidation (odds ratio (OR): 13.67; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.54–121.12; p = 0.019) and positive bacterial culture (sputum) (OR: 7.71; 95% CI 2.48–24.03; p < 0.001) were independently associated with IMV, while shock (OR: 13.16; 95% CI 2.06–84.07; p = 0.006), white blood cell count > 10,000/mm3 (OR: 7.22; 95% CI 1.47–35.58; p = 0.015) and positive bacterial culture(blood or sputum) (OR: 6.27; 95% CI 1.36–28.85; p = 0.018) were independently associated with death in the three types hospitalized influenza-related viral pneumonia patients. Conclusions Hospital influenza B-related viral pneumonia mainly affects the elderly and people with underlying diseases, while human influenza A pneumonia mainly affects the young adults; however, the mortality was similar. The hospitalized human influenza A-related viral pneumonia patients was severer than B pneumonia patients, but milder than H7N9 pneumonia patients. Pulmonary consolidation and positive bacterial culture (sputum) were independently associated with IMV, while shock, white blood cell count > 10,000/mm3, and positive bacterial culture (blood or sputum) were independently associated with death to three types hospitalized influenza-related viral pneumonia patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-021-06485-x.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Fu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310007, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengjie Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingtong Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaohui Chai
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Peidong Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinmiao Sun
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Silan Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaomai Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiting Feng
- Department of Nosocomial Infection, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China. .,Shulan(Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Elevation of creatine kinase is associated with acute kidney injury in hospitalized patients infected with seasonal influenza virus. Clin Exp Nephrol 2021; 25:394-400. [PMID: 33398600 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-020-02006-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although acute kidney injury (AKI) is known as a potential complication of influenza infections, there is limited information concerning the association between influenza and AKI. The aim of this study is to evaluate the incidence, the mortality, and risk factors of AKI in hospitalized patients by seasonal influenza viral infections. METHODS We performed a single center, retrospective observational study. 123 patients admitted to Iwata City Hospital due to influenza for 3 seasons were included. We examined the association between the incidence of AKI and clinical parameters using Spearman's correlation analyses, receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Of 123 patients, AKI developed in 46 patients (37.4%). Patients with AKI showed higher serum creatine kinase (CK, P < 0.001), higher creatinine (Cr, P < 0.001), and higher C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (P < 0.001) at admission and higher mortality rate (P < 0.05) compared with patients without AKI. The severity of kidney injuries was well correlated with serum CK levels (P < 0.001). By ROC curve analysis, 186 U/L was the most predictive value of CK levels for AKI (sensitivity, 0.674; specificity, 0.688; and area under the curve [AUC], 0.714). Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that elevated CK levels (> 186 U/L) were significantly associated with AKI (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The incidence of AKI and the mortality were high in hospitalized patients infected with seasonal influenza. The slight elevation of CK levels (> 186 U/L) at admission was associated with the development of AKI.
Collapse
|
8
|
Iriki J, Yamamoto K, Senju H, Nagaoka A, Yoshida M, Iwasaki K, Ashizawa N, Hirayama T, Tashiro M, Takazono T, Imamura Y, Miyazaki T, Izumikawa K, Yanagihara K, Tsujino A, Fukuoka J, Uetani M, Satoh M, Mukae H. Influenza A (H3N2) infection followed by anti-signal recognition particle antibody-positive necrotizing myopathy: A case report. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 103:33-36. [PMID: 33217572 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.11.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A 60-year-old Japanese woman presented with subacute progressive muscle pain and weakness in her proximal extremities. She was diagnosed with influenza A (H3N2) infection a week before the onset of muscle pain. At the time of admission, she exhibited weakness in the proximal muscles of the upper and lower limbs, elevated serum liver enzymes and creatinine kinase, and myoglobinuria. She did not manifest renal failure and cardiac abnormalities, indicating myocarditis. Electromyography revealed myogenic changes, and magnetic resonance imaging of the upper limb showed abnormal signal intensities in the muscles, suggestive of myopathy. Muscle biopsy of the biceps revealed numerous necrotic regeneration fibers and mild inflammatory cell infiltration, suggesting immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM). Necrotized muscle cells were positive for human influenza A (H3N2). Autoantibody analysis showed the presence of antibodies against the signal recognition particle (SRP), and the patient was diagnosed with anti-SRP-associated IMNM. She was resistant to intravenous methylprednisolone pulse therapy but recovered after administration of oral systemic corticosteroids and immunoglobulins. We speculate that the influenza A (H3N2) infection might have triggered her IMNM. Thus, IMNM should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients with proximal muscle weakness that persists after viral infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Iriki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, Japan
| | - Kazuko Yamamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, Japan; Infection Control and Education Center, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Senju
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nagaoka
- Department of Neurology and Strokology, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, Japan
| | - Masataka Yoshida
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sasebo City General Hospital, 9-3 Hirasemachi, Sasebo City, Japan
| | - Keisuke Iwasaki
- Department of Pathology, Sasebo City General Hospital, 9-3 Hirasemachi, Sasebo City, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Ashizawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Hirayama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, Japan
| | - Masato Tashiro
- Infection Control and Education Center, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, Japan
| | - Takahiro Takazono
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Imamura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, Japan
| | - Taiga Miyazaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, Japan
| | - Koichi Izumikawa
- Infection Control and Education Center, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, Japan
| | - Katsunori Yanagihara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, Japan
| | - Akira Tsujino
- Department of Neurology and Strokology, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, Japan
| | - Junya Fukuoka
- Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, Japan
| | - Masataka Uetani
- Department of Radiology, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, Japan
| | - Minoru Satoh
- Department of Clinical Nursing, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mukae
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Straight CR, Ringham OR, Bartley JM, Keilich SR, Kuchel GA, Haynes L, Miller MS. Influenza Infection has Fiber Type-Specific Effects on Cellular and Molecular Skeletal Muscle Function in Aged Mice. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 75:2333-2341. [PMID: 32492709 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle myopathies represent a common non-pulmonary manifestation of influenza infection, leading to reduced physical function and hospitalization in older adults. However, underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Our study examined the effects of influenza virus A pulmonary infection on contractile function at the cellular (single fiber) and molecular (myosin-actin interactions and myofilament properties) levels in soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles of aged (20 months) C57BL/6 male mice that were healthy or flu-infected for 7 (7-days post-infection; 7-DPI) or 12 days (12-DPI). Cross-sectional area (CSA) of myosin heavy chain (MHC) IIA and IIB fibers was reduced at 12-DPI relative to 7-DPI and healthy. Maximal isometric force in MHC IIA fibers was also reduced at 12-DPI relative to 7-DPI and healthy, resulting in no change in specific force (maximal isometric force divided by CSA). In contrast, MHC IIB fibers produced greater isometric force and specific force at 7-DPI compared to 12-DPI or healthy. The increased specific force in MHC IIB fibers was likely due to greater myofilament lattice stiffness and/or an increased number or stiffness of strongly bound myosin-actin cross-bridges. At the molecular level, cross-bridge kinetics were slower in MHC IIA fibers with infection, while changes in MHC IIB fibers were largely absent. In both fiber types, greater myofilament lattice stiffness was positively related to specific force. This study provides novel evidence that cellular and molecular contractile function is impacted by influenza infection in a fiber type-specific manner, suggesting potential molecular mechanisms to help explain the impact of flu-induced myopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Laura Haynes
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chughtai AA, Tan TC, Hitchen EM, Kunasekaran M, MacIntyre CR. Association of influenza infection and vaccination with cardiac biomarkers and left ventricular ejection fraction in patients with acute myocardial infarction. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2020; 31:100648. [PMID: 33088900 PMCID: PMC7567940 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2020.100648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We examined the association of influenza infection and vaccination with cardiac biomarkers and LVEF . Mean and median CK-MB levels were significantly higher among unvaccinated cases . Large size infarcts were more frequent in influenza positive cases and less frequent in vaccinated cases. Influenza vaccine may have a protective effect against large infarcts .
Aims The aim of this study was to examine the association of influenza infection and vaccination with extent of cardiac damage during acute myocardial infarctions (AMIs) as measured by serum biomarkers and left ventricular ejection function (LVEF) in patients. Methods Post-hoc analysis was performed on data from a prospective case-control study of influenza and AMI, conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Sydney, Australia. We included 275 cases of AMI, aged ≥ 40 years admitted to the cardiology during the study period. Results Mean and median CK-MB levels were significantly higher among unvaccinated group compared to vaccinated group (p value < 0.05). Troponin levels were also higher among unvaccinated group compared to vaccinated group; although not statistically significant. Troponin and CKMB values were not statistically different among influenza positive cases and influenza negative cases. Large size infarcts were less frequent among vaccinated cases compared to unvaccinated cases (25% vs 35.5%) and were more frequent among influenza positive cases compared to influenza negative cases (35.3% vs 31.5%), however differences were not statistically significant. LVEF was lower among vaccinated cases compared to unvaccinated cases (62.5% vs. 52.8%) and influenza positive cases compared to influenza negative cases (58.8% vs 55.4), however differences were not significant. Conclusion Lower CKMB levels among vaccinated groups showed that influenza vaccine may have a protective effect against large infarcts, therefore influenza vaccination should be recommended for high risk groups. The study suggests an association of larger infarcts with influenza infection, but larger studies are required to confirm this.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abrar Ahmad Chughtai
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, UNSW Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Timothy C Tan
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Department of Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Australia
| | - Eleanor M Hitchen
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Department of Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Australia
| | - Mohana Kunasekaran
- Biosecurity Program, Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Chandini Raina MacIntyre
- Biosecurity Program, Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,College of Public Service & Community Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li X, Pan X, Li Y, An N, Xing Y, Yang F, Tian L, Sun J, Gao Y, Shang H, Xing Y. Cardiac injury associated with severe disease or ICU admission and death in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Crit Care 2020; 24:468. [PMID: 32723362 PMCID: PMC7386170 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-03183-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac injury is now a common complication of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), but it remains unclear whether cardiac injury-related biomarkers can be independent predictors of mortality and severe disease development or intensive care unit (ICU) admission. METHODS Two investigators searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, MedRxiv, and ChinaXiv databases for articles published through March 30, 2020. Retrospective studies assessing the relationship between the prognosis of COVID-19 patients and levels of troponin I (TnI) and other cardiac injury biomarkers (creatine kinase [CK], CK myocardial band [CK-MB], lactate dehydrogenase [LDH], and interleukin-6 [IL-6]) were included. The data were extracted independently by two investigators. RESULTS The analysis included 23 studies with 4631 total individuals. The proportions of severe disease, ICU admission, or death among patients with non-elevated TnI (or troponin T [TnT]), and those with elevated TnI (or TnT) were 12.0% and 64.5%, 11.8% and 56.0%, and 8.2% and. 59.3%, respectively. Patients with elevated TnI levels had significantly higher risks of severe disease, ICU admission, and death (RR 5.57, 95% CI 3.04 to 10.22, P < 0.001; RR 6.20, 95% CI 2.52 to 15.29, P < 0.001; RR 5.64, 95% CI 2.69 to 11.83, P < 0.001). Patients with an elevated CK level were at significantly increased risk of severe disease or ICU admission (RR 1.98, 95% CI 1.50 to 2.61, P < 0.001). Patients with elevated CK-MB levels were at a higher risk of developing severe disease or requiring ICU admission (RR 3.24, 95% CI 1.66 to 6.34, P = 0.001). Patients with newly occurring arrhythmias were at higher risk of developing severe disease or requiring ICU admission (RR 13.09, 95% CI 7.00 to 24.47, P < 0.001). An elevated IL-6 level was associated with a higher risk of developing severe disease, requiring ICU admission, or death. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 patients with elevated TnI levels are at significantly higher risk of severe disease, ICU admission, and death. Elevated CK, CK-MB, LDH, and IL-6 levels and emerging arrhythmia are associated with the development of severe disease and need for ICU admission, and the mortality is significantly higher in patients with elevated LDH and IL-6 levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinye Li
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiandu Pan
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yanda Li
- Institute of Basic Research In Clinical Medicine, China Academy Of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Na An
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfen Xing
- Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Tian
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahao Sun
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hongcai Shang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Yanwei Xing
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Overview of influenza infection, focusing on outcome and complications in critically ill patients. We also discuss relevant elements in immunopathogenesis and their role as predictors of severity. RECENT FINDINGS Pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus circulates seasonally and remains the predominant subtype among intensive care patients. Mortality in acute respiratory failure (ARF) is around 20%, independent of influenza subtypes. During severe infection, the imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory molecules, such as Th1 and Th17 cytokines, is associated with complicated infections and mortality. Primary viral pneumonia presents in more than 70% of ICU influenza patients and more than 50% develop acute respiratory distress syndrome. Bacterial secondary infection occurs in 20% of severe cases and Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus remain the prevalent pathogens. Myocarditis and late-onset cardiovascular complications are associated with mortality. Antiviral therapy within 48 h after onset, avoidance of corticosteroids and rescue therapies for ARF or myocarditis, such as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, improve survival. SUMMARY The present review summarizes current knowledge on pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of severe influenza. Immunological dysfunction during viral infection correlates with severity and mortality among ICU patients. A theranostics strategy should be implemented to improve outcomes.
Collapse
|
13
|
Cantan B, Luyt CE, Martin-Loeches I. Influenza Infections and Emergent Viral Infections in Intensive Care Unit. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 40:488-497. [PMID: 31585475 PMCID: PMC7117087 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1693497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Critically ill patients are admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) for multiple reasons. In this study, we aim to analyze the current evidence and findings associated with influenza and other emergent viral infections, namely, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV). Among medical conditions, community-acquired respiratory infections are the most frequent reason for ventilatory support in ICUs. Community-acquired pneumonia in a severe form including the need of invasive mechanical ventilation and/or vasopressors is associated with high mortality rates. However, after the pandemic that occurred in 2009 by H1N1 influenza, the number of cases being admitted to ICUs with viral infections is on the rise. Patients in whom an etiology would not have been identified in the past are currently being tested with more sensitive viral molecular diagnostic tools, and patients being admitted to ICUs have more preexisting medical conditions that can predispose to viral infections. Viral infections can trigger the dysregulation of the immune system by inducing a massive cytokine response. This cytokine storm can cause endothelial damage and dysfunction, deregulation of coagulation, and, consequently, alteration of microvascular permeability, tissue edema, and shock. In severe influenza, this vascular hyperpermeability can lead to acute lung injury, multiorgan failure, and encephalopathy. In immunocompetent patients, the most common viral infections are respiratory, and influenza should be considered in patients with severe respiratory failure being admitted to ICU. Seasonality and coinfection are two important features when considering influenza as a pathogen in critically ill patients. Herpesviridae (HSV, CMV, and EBV) may reactivate in ICU patients, and their reactivation is associated with morbidity/mortality. However, whether a specific treatment may impact on outcome remains to be determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Cantan
- Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Research Organization, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Charles-Edouard Luyt
- Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne University (Paris 6), Paris, France.,INSERM, UMRS 1166-iCAN, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Ignacio Martin-Loeches
- Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Research Organization, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Pulmonology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bessis S, Matt M. La grippe. Med Mal Infect 2019; 49 Suppl 1:S17-S24. [DOI: 10.1016/s0399-077x(19)30803-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
15
|
Abstract
Rhabdomyolysis is characterised by muscle breakdown with release of damaging proteins that can have devastating consequences. Acute influenza infection is being increasingly recognised as an underlying aetiology. We report an unusual case of severe rhabdomyolysis with acute renal failure due to influenza A infection that improved with high-dose oseltamivir and intravenous fluids. In our case, we also noticed a temporal relation between fever spikes and subsequent increase in serum creatine kinase. The precise mechanism between the rise in temperature and creatine kinase is unclear but it could be due to direct viral invasion of myocytes or due to release of new viral progeny following replication in the myocyte.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Runnstrom
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Alex M Ebied
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Adonice Paul Khoury
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Raju Reddy
- Department of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sellers SA, Hagan RS, Hayden FG, Fischer WA. The hidden burden of influenza: A review of the extra-pulmonary complications of influenza infection. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2018; 11:372-393. [PMID: 28745014 PMCID: PMC5596521 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe influenza infection represents a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. Although influenza is primarily considered a viral infection that results in pathology limited to the respiratory system, clinical reports suggest that influenza infection is frequently associated with a number of clinical syndromes that involve organ systems outside the respiratory tract. A comprehensive MEDLINE literature review of articles pertaining to extra‐pulmonary complications of influenza infection, using organ‐specific search terms, yielded 218 articles including case reports, epidemiologic investigations, and autopsy studies that were reviewed to determine the clinical involvement of other organs. The most frequently described clinical entities were viral myocarditis and viral encephalitis. Recognition of these extra‐pulmonary complications is critical to determining the true burden of influenza infection and initiating organ‐specific supportive care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subhashini A Sellers
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Robert S Hagan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Frederick G Hayden
- Division of Infectious Diseases, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - William A Fischer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bartley JM, Pan SJ, Keilich SR, Hopkins JW, Al-Naggar IM, Kuchel GA, Haynes L. Aging augments the impact of influenza respiratory tract infection on mobility impairments, muscle-localized inflammation, and muscle atrophy. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 8:620-35. [PMID: 26856410 PMCID: PMC4925818 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although the influenza virus only infects the respiratory system, myalgias are commonly experienced during infection. In addition to a greater risk of hospitalization and death, older adults are more likely to develop disability following influenza infection; however, this relationship is understudied. We hypothesized that upon challenge with influenza, aging would be associated with functional impairments, as well as upregulation of skeletal muscle inflammatory and atrophy genes. Infected young and aged mice demonstrated decreased mobility and altered gait kinetics. These declines were more prominent in hind limbs and in aged mice. Skeletal muscle expression of genes involved in inflammation, as well as muscle atrophy and proteolysis, increased during influenza infection with an elevated and prolonged peak in aged mice. Infection also decreased expression of positive regulators of muscle mass and myogenesis components to a greater degree in aged mice. Gene expression correlated to influenza-induced body mass loss, although evidence did not support direct muscle infection. Overall, influenza leads to mobility impairments with induction of inflammatory and muscle degradation genes and downregulation of positive regulators of muscle. These effects are augmented and prolonged with aging, providing a molecular link between influenza infection, decreased resilience and increased risk of disability in the elderly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenna M Bartley
- UConn Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Sarah J Pan
- UConn Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Spencer R Keilich
- UConn Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Jacob W Hopkins
- UConn Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Iman M Al-Naggar
- UConn Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - George A Kuchel
- UConn Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Laura Haynes
- UConn Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Goody M, Jurczyszak D, Kim C, Henry C. Influenza A Virus Infection Damages Zebrafish Skeletal Muscle and Exacerbates Disease in Zebrafish Modeling Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. PLOS CURRENTS 2017; 9. [PMID: 29188128 PMCID: PMC5693338 DOI: 10.1371/currents.md.8a7e35c50fa2b48156799d3c39788175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Both genetic and infectious diseases can result in skeletal muscle degeneration, inflammation, pain, and/or weakness. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common congenital muscle disease. DMD causes progressive muscle wasting due to mutations in Dystrophin. Influenza A and B viruses are frequently associated with muscle complications, especially in children. Infections activate an immune response and immunosuppressant drugs reduce DMD symptoms. These data suggest that the immune system may contribute to muscle pathology. However, roles of the immune response in DMD and Influenza muscle complications are not well understood. Zebrafish with dmd mutations are a well-characterized model in which to study the molecular and cellular mechanisms of DMD pathology. We recently showed that zebrafish can be infected by human Influenza A virus (IAV). Thus, the zebrafish is a powerful system with which to ask questions about the etiology and mechanisms of muscle damage due to genetic and/or infectious diseases. METHODS We infected zebrafish with IAV and assayed muscle tissue structure, sarcolemma integrity, cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) attachment, and molecular and cellular markers of inflammation in response to IAV infection alone or in the context of DMD. RESULTS We find that IAV-infected zebrafish display mild muscle degeneration with sarcolemma damage and compromised ECM adhesion. An innate immune response is elicited in muscle in IAV-infected zebrafish: NFkB signaling is activated, pro-inflammatory cytokine expression is upregulated, and neutrophils localize to sites of muscle damage. IAV-infected dmd mutants display more severe muscle damage than would be expected from an additive effect of dmd mutation and IAV infection, suggesting that muscle damage caused by Dystrophin-deficiency and IAV infection is synergistic. DISCUSSION These data demonstrate the importance of preventing IAV infections in individuals with genetic muscle diseases. Elucidating the mechanisms of immune-mediated muscle damage will not only apply to DMD and IAV, but also to other conditions where the immune system, inflammation, and muscle tissue are known to be affected, such as autoimmune diseases, cancer, and aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Denise Jurczyszak
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | | | - Clarissa Henry
- Graduate School for Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine. Orono, Main, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Affiliation(s)
- Richard G Wunderink
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 North Saint Clair Street, Arkes 14-015, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Xing ZH, Sun X, Xu L, Wu Q, Li L, Wu XJ, Shao XG, Zhao XQ, Wang JH, Ma LY, Wang K. Thin-section computed tomography detects long-term pulmonary sequelae 3 years after novel influenza A virus-associated pneumonia. Chin Med J (Engl) 2015; 128:902-8. [PMID: 25836610 PMCID: PMC4834006 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.154285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this research was to evaluate long-term pulmonary sequelae on paired inspiration-expiration thin-section computed tomography (CT) scans 3 years after influenza A (H1N1) virus-associated pneumonia, and to analyze the affecting factors on pulmonary fibrosis. METHODS Twenty-four patients hospitalized with H1N1 virus-associated pneumonia at our hospital between September 2009 and January 2010 were included. The patients underwent thin-section CT 3 years after recovery. Abnormal pulmonary lesion patterns (ground-glass opacity, consolidation, parenchymal bands, air trapping, and reticulation) and evidence of fibrosis (architectural distortion, traction bronchiectasis, or honeycombing) were evaluated on follow-up thin-section CT. Patients were assigned to Group 1 (with CT evidence of fibrosis) and Group 2 (without CT evidence of fibrosis). Demographics, rate of mechanical ventilation therapy, rate of intensive care unit admission, cumulative prednisolone-equivalent dose, laboratory tests results (maximum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase [AST], lactate dehydrogenase [LDH], and creatine kinase [CK]), and peak radiographic opacification of 24 patients during the course of their illness in the hospital were compared between two groups. RESULTS Parenchymal abnormality was present in 17 of 24 (70.8%) patients and fibrosis occurred in 10 of 24 (41.7%) patients. Patients in Group 1 (10/24; 41.7%) had a higher rate of mechanical ventilation therapy (Z = -2.340, P = 0.019), higher number of doses of cumulative prednisolone-equivalent (Z = -2.579, P = 0.010), higher maximum level of laboratory tests results (AST [Z = -2.140, P = 0.032], LDH [Z = -3.227, P = 0.001], and CK [Z = -3.345, P = 0.019]), and higher peak opacification on chest radiographs (Z = -2.743, P = 0.006) than patients in group 2 (14/24; 58.3%). CONCLUSIONS H1N1 virus-associated pneumonia frequently is followed by long-term pulmonary sequelae, including fibrotic changes, in lung parenchyma. Patients who need more steroid therapy, need more mechanical ventilation therapy, had higher laboratory tests results (maximum levels of AST, LDH, and CK), and had higher peak opacification on chest radiographs during treatment are more likely to develop lung fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qi Wu
- Department of Respiratory, Tianjin Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Tianjin 300350, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Nermin KG, Remzi I, Zeynep A, Ilker C, Meltem OT, Guven O, Ferda K, Halis A. A retrospective evaluation of critically ill patients infected with H1N1 influenza A virus in Bursa, Turkey, during the 2009-2010 pandemic. Afr Health Sci 2015; 15:352-9. [PMID: 26124779 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v15i2.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND H1N1 influenza A virus infections were first reported in April 2009 and spread rapidly, resulting in mortality worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate patients with H1N1 infection treated in the intensive care unit (ICU) in Bursa, Turkey. METHODS Demographic characteristics, clinical features, and outcome relating to H1N1 infection were retrospectively analysed in patients treated in the ICU. RESULTS Twenty-three cases of H1N1 infection were treated in the ICU. The mean age of patients was 37 years range: (17-82). Fifteen patients were female (65.2%). The mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score was 19 range: (5-39). The most common symptoms were dyspnea (73.9%), fever (69.6%), and cough (60.9%). Mechanical ventilation was required for all patients. Oseltamivir and antibiotics were administered to all patients. Six (26.1%) patients died. APACHE II scores were higher in the deceased 28.5 range: [16-39] vs. 14 range: [5-28] in survivors; p = 0.013). CONCLUSION When compared to the literature, the demographic, epidemiological, and clinical characteristics were similar in the cases we encountered. The mortality rate was high despite the use of appropriate treatment. We believe that the high mortality is related to higher APACHE II scores. The H1N1 virus should be considered in community acquired pneumonia, especially in younger patients presenting with severe pneumonia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelebek Girgin Nermin
- Uludag University, School of Medicine, Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation
| | - Iscimen Remzi
- Uludag University, School of Medicine, Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation
| | - Akogul Zeynep
- Uludag University, School of Medicine, Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation
| | - Cimen Ilker
- Uludag University, School of Medicine, Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation
| | - Oner Torlar Meltem
- Uludag University, School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease
| | - Ozkaya Guven
- Uludag University, School of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics
| | - Kahveci Ferda
- Uludag University, School of Medicine, Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation
| | - Akalin Halis
- Uludag University, School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Fadila MF, Wool KJ. Rhabdomyolysis secondary to influenza a infection: a case report and review of the literature. NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2015; 7:122-4. [PMID: 25839005 PMCID: PMC4382767 DOI: 10.4103/1947-2714.153926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Context: Rhabdomyolysis is a serious clinical syndrome that results from damage to skeletal muscles. Common causes include drugs, crush injuries, seizures, heat, exertion, and infection. Viral infections, particularly Influenza A, have been recognized as a cause of rhabdomyolysis. Case Report: Our report describes a 58-year-old male who presented with viral pneumonia secondary to Influenza A virus infection. His hospital course was complicated by acute renal failure secondary to rhabdomyolysis, which was attributed to an overwhelming viremia. We discuss the differential diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis and review the literature for cases of Influenza A-related rhabdomyolysis. We also discuss the proposed mechanisms for the condition. Conclusion: The scope of clinical manifestations of Influenza A infection extends beyond pulmonary syndromes. Rhabdomyolysis is being increasingly recognized as a complication of Influenza A infection with considerable morbidity and mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario F Fadila
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Health Center Montomery, USA
| | - Kenneth J Wool
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Health Center Montomery, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Belopolskaya OB, Smelaya TV, Moroz VV, Golubev AM, Salnikova LE. Clinical associations of host genetic variations in the genes of cytokines in critically ill patients. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 180:531-41. [PMID: 25619315 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Host genetic variations may influence a changing profile of biochemical markers and outcome in patients with trauma/injury. The objective of this study was to assess clinical associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes of cytokines in critically ill patients. A total of 430 patients were genotyped for SNPs in the genes of pro- (IL1B, IL6, IL8) and anti-inflammatory (IL4, IL10, IL13) cytokines. The main end-points were sepsis, mortality and adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We evaluated the dynamic levels of bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen, creatine kinase, creatinine and lactate dehydrogenase in five points of measurements (between 1 and 14 days after admission) and correlated them with SNPs. High-producing alleles of proinflammatory cytokines protected patients against sepsis (IL1B -511A and IL8 -251A) and mortality (IL1B -511A). High-producing alleles of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL4 -589T and IL13 431A (144Gln) were less frequent in ARDS patients. The carriers of IL6 -174C/C genotypes were prone to the increased levels of biochemical markers and acute kidney and liver insufficiency. Genotype-dependent differences in the levels of biochemical indicators gradually increased to a maximal value on the 14th day after admission. These findings suggest that genetic variability in pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines may contribute to different clinical phenotypes in patients at high risk of critical illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O B Belopolskaya
- N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - T V Smelaya
- V. A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - V V Moroz
- V. A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - A M Golubev
- V. A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - L E Salnikova
- N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,V. A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
|
25
|
Ordoñez JC, Sánchez G, León R, Ramos JM. Rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure associated with influenza virus type A infection. Rev Clin Esp 2014; 215:295-6. [PMID: 25529845 DOI: 10.1016/j.rce.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J C Ordoñez
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, España; Sección de Reumatología, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, España.
| | - G Sánchez
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, España
| | - R León
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, España
| | - J M Ramos
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, España; Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche, Alicante, España
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wiwanitkit V. Rhabdomyolysis in influenza A/H1N1. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2013; 126:140. [PMID: 24343047 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-013-0489-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
27
|
Epidemiology of acute kidney injury in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Res Pract 2013; 2013:479730. [PMID: 23573420 PMCID: PMC3618922 DOI: 10.1155/2013/479730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in the intensive care unit (ICU) has increased during the past decade due to increased acuity as well as increased recognition. Early epidemiology studies were confounded by erratic definitions of AKI until recent consensus guidelines (RIFLE and AKIN) standardized its definition. This paper discusses the incidence of AKI in the ICU with focuses on specific patient populations. The overall incidence of AKI in ICU patients ranges from 20% to 50% with lower incidence seen in elective surgical patients and higher incidence in sepsis patients. The incidence of contrast-induced AKI is less (11.5%–19% of all admissions) than seen in the ICU population at large. AKI represents a significant risk factor for mortality and can be associated with mortality greater than 50%.
Collapse
|
28
|
Year in review in Intensive Care Medicine 2012. II: Pneumonia and infection, sepsis, coagulation, hemodynamics, cardiovascular and microcirculation, critical care organization, imaging, ethics and legal issues. Intensive Care Med 2013; 39:345-64. [PMID: 23291735 PMCID: PMC3578723 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-012-2804-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|