1
|
Wallin M, Andersson EM, Engström G. Blood cadmium is associated with increased fracture risk in never-smokers - results from a case-control study using data from the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort. Bone 2024; 179:116989. [PMID: 38072370 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have shown associations between cadmium (Cd) exposure and an increased risk of fractures. However, the size of the risk is still unclear and proper adjustment for smoking is a challenge. The aim of this study was to quantify the association between dietary cadmium measured in blood and fracture risk in the general Swedish population through a large population-based case-control study in never-smokers. METHODS The study included 2113 incident cases with osteoporosis-related fractures and the same number of age- and sex-matched controls in never-smokers from the Swedish population-based Malmö Diet and Cancer study cohort. Cd in blood (B-Cd) was analyzed at baseline (1991-1996). Incident osteoporosis-related fractures (of the hip, distal radius, and proximal humerus) up to the year 2014 were identified using the National Patient Register. Associations between B-Cd and fractures were analyzed using logistic regression. RESULTS Median B-Cd was 0.22 μg/L (P25 = 0.16, P75 = 0.31) among 2103 cases and 0.21 (P25 = 0.15, P75 = 0.30) among 2105 controls. The risk of fracture was significantly increased (OR 1.58; 95 % confidence interval 1.08-2.31, per μg/L of B-Cd), after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, physical activity, and fiber consumption. In analyses by cadmium quartiles, the OR increased monotonically and was significant in the highest quartile of B-Cd (for B-Cd > 0.31 versus B-Cd < 0.15 μg/L; OR 1.21; 95 % confidence interval 1.01-1.45). CONCLUSION Even modestly increased blood cadmium in never-smokers is associated with increased risk of incident osteoporosis-related fractures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Wallin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Eva M Andersson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Engström
- Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bhardwaj JK, Bikal P, Sachdeva SN. Cadmium as an ovarian toxicant: A review. J Appl Toxicol 2024; 44:129-147. [PMID: 37587800 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a ubiquitous heavy metal toxicant with no biological function in the human body. Considerably, because of its long biological half-life and very low excretion rate, Cd is inclined to accumulate and cause deleterious effects on various body organs (e.g., liver, kidney, and ovary) in humans and animals. Ovaries are the most vulnerable targets of Cd toxicity. Cd has been shown to induce oxidative stress, follicular atresia, hormonal imbalance, and impairment of oocyte growth and development. Moreover, Cd toxicity has been associated with increasing incidences of menstrual disorders, pregnancy loss, preterm births, delayed puberty, and female infertility. Therefore, it is crucial to understand how Cd poisoning impacts specific ovarian processes for the development of preventive interventions to enhance female fertility. The current review attempts to collate the recent findings on Cd-induced oxidative stress, follicular apoptosis, steroid synthesis inhibition, and teratogenic toxicity, along with their possible mechanisms in the ovarian tissue of different animal species. Additionally, the review also summarizes the studies related to the use of many antioxidants, medicinal herbs, and other compounds as remedial approaches for managing Cd-induced ovarian toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jitender Kumar Bhardwaj
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Prerna Bikal
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Som Nath Sachdeva
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li Z, Fan Y, Tao C, Yan W, Huang Y, Qian H, Xu Q, Wan T, Chen Y, Qin Y, Lu C. Association between exposure to cadmium and risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in the general US adults: A prospective cohort study. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:136060. [PMID: 35981619 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cadmium has been suggested to accumulate in the body over a lifetime, posing a great threat to human health. So far, few studies have studied the association between cadmium exposure and long-term health outcomes in adults. OBJECTIVES To investigate the risk of mortality with blood cadmium level in adults (participants of NHANES, 1999-2014). METHODS We evaluated the associations between cadmium and risk of mortality. Data on mortality and cadmium exposure were collected in NHANES database including 39,865 participants. Multivariate Cox regression models were established for calculating hazard ratios (HRs) and 95%CI between cadmium exposure and all-cause and specific-cause mortality outcomes. RESULTS Totally, 39,865 individuals with 19,260 males (48.3%) and 20,605 females (51.7%) were included in the study. During a total of 341,017 person-years of follow-up 5,094 deaths were documented, including 1,067 cardiovascular disease (CVD) and 890 cancers. Compared with the lowest quantile of cadmium exposure level group, the adjusted HRs in the highest quantile cadmium exposure level group were 1.73 (95%CI: 1.52-1.97) for all-cause mortality, 1.72 (95%CI: 1.28-2.30) for CVD mortality and 1.87 (95%CI: 1.49-2.36) for cancer mortality, respectively (P for trend: <0.001). Additionally, significant interactions with smoking status in the stratified analyses of all-cause mortality and cancer mortality, age in the stratified analyses of cancer mortality were found (P for interaction: 0.002, <0.001 and 0.012). CONCLUSIONS In this nationwide representative sample of the population, we found that higher blood cadmium concentration was associated with increased risks of all-cause and specific-cause mortality. These data further evidence the link between mortality and cadmium concentration. It is of great importance for both policy makers and the public to minimize cadmium exposure, and to reduce long-term adverse health effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yun Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Department of Microbes and Infection, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Chengzhe Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Wenkai Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yuna Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Hong Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Tingya Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yiyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yufeng Qin
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Department of Microbes and Infection, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Chuncheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Schaefer HR, Flannery BM, Crosby L, Jones-Dominic OE, Punzalan C, Middleton K. A systematic review of adverse health effects associated with oral cadmium exposure. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 134:105243. [PMID: 35981600 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2022.105243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Scientific data characterizing the adverse health effects associated with dietary cadmium (Cd) exposure were identified in order to make informed decisions about the most appropriate toxicological reference value (TRV) for use in assessing dietary Cd exposure. Several TRVs are available for Cd and regulatory organizations have used epidemiologic studies to derive these reference values; however, risk of bias (RoB) evaluations were not included in the assessments. We performed a systematic review by conducting a thorough literature search (through January 4, 2020). There were 1714 references identified by the search strings and 328 studies identified in regulatory assessments. After applying the specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, 208 studies (Human: 105, Animal: 103) were considered eligible for further review and data extraction. For the epidemiologic and animal studies, the critical effects identified for oral Cd exposure from the eligible studies were a decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) and renal tubular degeneration. A RoB analysis was completed for 49 studies (30 epidemiological and 19 animal) investigating these endpoints. The studies identified through the SR that were considered high quality and low RoB (2 human and 5 animal) can be used to characterize dose-response relationships and inform the derivation of a Cd TRV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather R Schaefer
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD, USA.
| | - Brenna M Flannery
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Lynn Crosby
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Olivia E Jones-Dominic
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Cecile Punzalan
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Karlyn Middleton
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Guo X, Su W, Li N, Song Q, Wang H, Liang Q, Li Y, Lowe S, Bentley R, Zhou Z, Song EJ, Cheng C, Zhou Q, Sun C. Association of urinary or blood heavy metals and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer in the general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:67483-67503. [PMID: 35917074 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22353-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Amounting epidemiological evidence has shown detrimental effects of heavy metals on a wide range of diseases. However, the effect of heavy metal exposure on mortality in the general population remains unclear. The primary objective of this study was to clarify the associations between heavy metals and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer based on prospective studies. We comprehensively searched Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science electronic databases to identify studies published from their inception until 1 March 2022. Investigators identified inclusion criteria, extracted study characteristics, and assessed the methodological quality of included studies according to standardized guidelines. Meta-analysis was conducted if the effect estimates of the same outcome were reported in at least three studies. Finally, 42 original studies were identified. The results of meta-analysis showed that cadmium and lead exposure was significantly associated with mortality from all causes, CVD, and cancer in the general population. Moderate evidence suggested there was a link between arsenic exposure and mortality. The adverse effects of mercury and other heavy metals on mortality were inconclusive. Epidemiological evidence for the joint effect of heavy metal exposure on mortality was still indeterminate. In summary, our study provided compelling evidence that exposure to cadmium, lead, and arsenic were associated with mortality from all causes, CVD, and cancer, while the evidence on other heavy metals, for example mercury, was insignificant or indeterminate. Nevertheless, further prospective studies are warranted to explore the joint effects of multiple metal exposure on mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianwei Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanying Su
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuxia Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiwei Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaru Li
- Internal Medicine, Swedish Hospital, 5140 N California Ave, Chicago, IL, 60625, USA
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines University, 3200 Grand Ave, Des Moines, IA, 50312, USA
| | - Scott Lowe
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University, 1750 Independence Ave, Kansas City, MO, 64106, USA
| | - Rachel Bentley
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University, 1750 Independence Ave, Kansas City, MO, 64106, USA
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, TAS, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Evelyn J Song
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ce Cheng
- The University of Arizona College of Medicine, 1501 N Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
- Banner-University Medical Center South, 2800 E Ajo Way, Tucson, AZ, 85713, USA
| | - Qin Zhou
- Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Chenyu Sun
- AMITA Health Saint Joseph Hospital Chicago, 2900 N. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL, 60657, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li J, Lu N, Lyu H, Lei G, Zeng C, Wei J, Wang Y, Xie D. Peptic Ulcer Disease and Risk of Hip Fracture: A General Population-based Cohort Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e3738-e3746. [PMID: 35689555 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Previous studies reported proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use may increase the risk of fracture; however, the findings may be susceptible to indication bias because peptic ulcer disease (PUD), 1 major indication for PPIs, may affect skeletal health. Determining whether PUD would increase hip fracture risk may help identify high-risk populations and explore risk factors. METHODS We conducted a cohort study using data from The Health Improvement Network (THIN) in the United Kingdom. THIN contains patient information such as disease diagnosis and medicine prescriptions. Up to 5 non-PUD individuals (n = 138 265) were matched to each case of incident PUD (n = 27 653) by age, sex, and body mass index. We examined the association between PUD and hip fracture by a multivariable Cox proportional hazard model. We repeated the same analysis among individuals with incident PUD and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (n = 27 160), another disease with similar indication for PPIs, as a positive control exposure. RESULTS Over a mean of 5.6 years of follow-up, hip fracture occurred in 589 individuals with PUD and 2015 individuals without PUD (3.8 vs 2.6/1000 person-years), with a multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) being 1.44 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.31-1.58). The association persisted among subgroups stratified by sex and age. In positive control exposure analysis, the hip fracture risk was also higher in PUD than GERD (3.8 vs 2.4/1000 person-years; multivariable-adjusted HR = 1.65; 95% CI, 1.45-1.7). CONCLUSIONS This general population-based cohort study suggests, after controlling for acid-lowering medication and other potential risk factors, PUD is independently associated with an increased risk of hip fracture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiatian Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Na Lu
- Arthritis Research Canada, Richmond, V5Y3P2, Canada
| | - Houchen Lyu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Beijing, 100853, China
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Guanghua Lei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Joint Degeneration and Injury, Changsha, 410008, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Osteoarthritis, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Chao Zeng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Joint Degeneration and Injury, Changsha, 410008, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Osteoarthritis, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Jie Wei
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Joint Degeneration and Injury, Changsha, 410008, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Osteoarthritis, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yilun Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Dongxing Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tägt J, Helte E, Donat-Vargas C, Larsson SC, Michaëlsson K, Wolk A, Vahter M, Kippler M, Åkesson A. Long-term cadmium exposure and fractures, cardiovascular disease, and mortality in a prospective cohort of women. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 161:107114. [PMID: 35114608 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal, which the non-smoking population is mainly exposed to through diet. Current health-based guidance values are based on renal toxicity; however, emerging evidence suggests that bone and the cardiovascular system might be more sensitive to Cd exposure. OBJECTIVE To assess the association of urinary Cd (U-Cd) with incidence of fractures, myocardial infarction, heart failure, ischemic stroke and mortality in postmenopausal women. METHODS We used data from 4024 women, aged 56-85 in the population-based prospective Swedish Mammography Cohort-Clinical. U-Cd was measured by ICP-MS at baseline (2004-2009) and categorized into tertiles. Incident cases of the outcomes were ascertained via register linkage through 2019. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using Cox regression. RESULTS The median U-Cd at baseline was 0.33 µg/g creatinine (cr) (5-95 percentiles 0.15-0.77). We ascertained the following incident cases: 903 first fracture of any type, 149 myocardial infarction, 174 heart failure, 162 ischemic stroke and 545 total deaths during the approximately 11 years of follow-up. U-Cd was dose-dependently associated with risk of any fracture (HR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.43, ptrend: 0.04) and all-cause mortality (HR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.10 to 1.74, ptrend: <0.01) when comparing the highest tertile of U-Cd (median 0.54 µg/g cr) with the lowest (median 0.20 µg/g cr). No clear associations were observed for myocardial infarction, heart failure or stroke. DISCUSSION Long-term Cd exposure might be associated with risk of fractures and all-cause mortality at lower levels than previously suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Tägt
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emilie Helte
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carolina Donat-Vargas
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Preventive Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susanna C Larsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Surgical Sciences, Unit of Medical Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karl Michaëlsson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Unit of Medical Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Surgical Sciences, Unit of Medical Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marie Vahter
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Kippler
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agneta Åkesson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang M, Zhou H, Cui W, Wang Z, Zhu G, Chen X, Jin T. Nomogram to Predict Cadmium-Induced Osteoporosis and Fracture in a Chinese Female Population. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:4028-4035. [PMID: 33415584 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02533-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium exposure may increase the risk of osteoporosis. However, there is no quick method to get bone mineral density (BMD) unless dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) examinations were performed. In the present study, we aimed to identify associated factors to osteoporosis and fracture in a Chinese female population with cadmium exposure and develop nomograms to predict the risk. A total of 488 women was included in this study. Cadmium in blood (BCd) and urine (UCd) were determined as exposure biomarkers. BMD was determined using single-photon absorptiometry. Urinary N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (UNAG) and urinary albumin (UALB) were determined as renal function biomarkers. Osteoporosis was defined if T-score < - 2.5. Multiple logistic regression showed that age, BCd, and menopausal status were independent risk factors for osteoporosis. The odds (OR) value was 1.19 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.14-1.25) for age, 1.05 (95% CI: 1.004-1.10) for BCd, and 4.75 (95% CI: 1.65-13.69) for menopausal status after adjusting with cofounders. Age and UCd were the independent risk factors for bone fracture. Nomograms were developed based on the associated factors. Age was the main determinant for osteoporosis or fracture. Receiver operating curve showed acceptable performance in predicting osteoporosis (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.93, 95CI: 0.90-0.96) and fracture (AUC = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.58-0.75). Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) further showed that 88.9% of osteoporosis and 68.4% of fractures were correctly classified. Our study develops nomograms that may be used to predict cadmium-induced osteoporosis or fracture if BMD data is not available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Wang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Wenjing Cui
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Zhongqiu Wang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Guoying Zhu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, 2094 Xietu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Taiyi Jin
- Department of Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, 150 Dongan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wallin M, Barregard L, Sallsten G, Lundh T, Sundh D, Lorentzon M, Ohlsson C, Mellström D. Low-level cadmium exposure is associated with decreased cortical thickness, cortical area and trabecular bone volume fraction in elderly men: The MrOS Sweden study. Bone 2021; 143:115768. [PMID: 33232837 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that high-level exposure to cadmium can cause bone disease such as osteoporosis, osteomalacia and fractures. However, the effect of low-level exposure, as found in the general population (mainly derived from diet and smoking), has only been assessed recently. The aim of this study was to examine if cadmium exposure in the general Swedish population causes other bone changes than decreased areal bone mineral density as measured by traditional DXA technology, e.g. changes in microstructure and geometry, such as cortical thickness or area, cortical porosity and trabecular bone volume. The study population consisted of 444 men, aged 70-81 years at inclusion year 2002-2004, from the Swedish cohort of the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study (MrOS). Cadmium was analyzed in baseline urine samples (U-Cd). Different parameters of bone geometry and microstructure were measured at the distal tibia at follow-up in 2009, including examination with high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT). Associations between bone parameters and U-Cd in tertiles were estimated in multivariable analyses, including potential confounding factors (age, smoking, BMI, and physical activity). We found significant associations between U-Cd and several bone geometry or microstructure parameters, with 9% lower cortical thickness (p = 0.03), 7% lower cortical area (p = 0.04), and 5% lower trabecular bone volume fraction (p = 0.02) in the third tertile of U-Cd, using the first tertile as the reference. Furthermore, significant negative associations were found between log-transformed U-Cd and cortical thickness, cortical area, trabecular number and trabecular bone volume fraction, and a significant positive association with trabecular separation. The results indicate that low-level Cd exposure in the general population has negative effects on both cortical and trabecular bone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Wallin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Lars Barregard
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gerd Sallsten
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Thomas Lundh
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniel Sundh
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (CBAR), Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mattias Lorentzon
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (CBAR), Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Geriatric Medicine Clinic, Sahlgrenska University Hospital Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dan Mellström
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (CBAR), Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Leconte S, Rousselle C, Bodin L, Clinard F, Carne G. Refinement of health-based guidance values for cadmium in the French population based on modelling. Toxicol Lett 2021; 340:43-51. [PMID: 33440227 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In France, part of the population is overexposed to cadmium by the diet. In our work, we first revised the tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 0.36 μg Cd.kg bw.d.-1 proposed by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), derived from effects on kidneys and based on the critical urinary Cd concentration of 1.0 μg Cd.g-1 creatinine for humans. After reviewing the epidemiological data on Cd toxicity published after 2011, bone effects were selected as the critical effects. Body burden data of 0.5 μg.g-1 creatinine was chosen for the critical threshold for human urinary cadmium concentrations. To be used for the derivation of the new oral toxicological reference value, we used a modified physiologically based pharmacokinetic model (PBPK). The reverse calculation on the PBPK model gave a TDI of 0.35 μg Cd.kg bw-1.day-1. This TDI is compatible with a urinary Cd concentrations not exceeding 0.5 μg Cd.g-1 creatinine, in a 60 year-old adult, assuming that ingestion is the only source of exposure to Cd at 60 years. After implementing the PBPK model with French physiological data, Cd biological reference values as a function of age were modelled so as to remain below the revised health-based guidance values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Leconte
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Risk Assessment Department, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France.
| | - Christophe Rousselle
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Risk Assessment Department, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France
| | - Laurent Bodin
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Risk Assessment Department, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France
| | - François Clinard
- Sante publique France - National Public Health Agency (ANSP) - Bourgogne-Franche-Comté Regional Unit, France
| | - Géraldine Carne
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Risk Assessment Department, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cadmium and Lead Exposure, Nephrotoxicity, and Mortality. TOXICS 2020; 8:toxics8040086. [PMID: 33066165 PMCID: PMC7711868 DOI: 10.3390/toxics8040086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The present review aims to provide an update on health risks associated with the low-to-moderate levels of environmental cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) to which most populations are exposed. Epidemiological studies examining the adverse effects of coexposure to Cd and Pb have shown that Pb may enhance the nephrotoxicity of Cd and vice versa. Herein, the existing tolerable intake levels of Cd and Pb are discussed together with the conventional urinary Cd threshold limit of 5.24 μg/g creatinine. Dietary sources of Cd and Pb and the intake levels reported for average consumers in the U.S., Spain, Korea, Germany and China are summarized. The utility of urine, whole blood, plasma/serum, and erythrocytes to quantify exposure levels of Cd and Pb are discussed. Epidemiological studies that linked one of these measurements to risks of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and mortality from common ailments are reviewed. A Cd intake level of 23.2 μg/day, which is less than half the safe intake stated by the guidelines, may increase the risk of CKD by 73%, and urinary Cd levels one-tenth of the threshold limit, defined by excessive ß2-microglobulin excretion, were associated with increased risk of CKD, mortality from heart disease, cancer of any site and Alzheimer's disease. These findings indicate that the current tolerable intake of Cd and the conventional urinary Cd threshold limit do not provide adequate health protection. Any excessive Cd excretion is probably indicative of tubular injury. In light of the evolving realization of the interaction between Cd and Pb, actions to minimize environmental exposure to these toxic metals are imperative.
Collapse
|
12
|
Nishijo M, Nogawa K, Suwazono Y, Kido T, Sakurai M, Nakagawa H. Lifetime Cadmium Exposure and Mortality for Renal Diseases in Residents of the Cadmium-Polluted Kakehashi River Basin in Japan. TOXICS 2020; 8:toxics8040081. [PMID: 33019764 PMCID: PMC7711806 DOI: 10.3390/toxics8040081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Very few studies have investigated the dose–response relationship between external cadmium (Cd) exposure and mortality. We aim to investigate the relationship between lifetime Cd intake (LCd) and mortality in the Cd-polluted Kakehashi River basin in Japan. Mortality risk ratios for a unit of increase of LCd and urinary Cd were analyzed using Cox’s proportional model. LCd was estimated based on residency and Cd in rice produced in their living areas. In men, mortality for all causes was significantly increased for a 10-μg/g Cr increase in urinary Cd, but not for a 1-g increase in LCd. In women, mortality risks for all causes and renal diseases, particularly renal failure, were significantly increased for a 10-μg/g Cr increase in urinary Cd. Similarly, mortality risks for renal diseases and renal failure were significantly increased for a 1-g increase of LCd in women. Comparing the contribution of two exposure markers to increased mortality in women, LCd was more effective for increasing mortality risks for renal diseases and renal failure, while urinary Cd contributed more to increased mortality risk for all causes. LCd may show a better dose–response relationship with mortality risk for renal diseases in women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muneko Nishijo
- Department of Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-76-286-2211
| | - Kazuhiro Nogawa
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuoku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; (K.N.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yasushi Suwazono
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuoku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; (K.N.); (Y.S.)
| | - Teruhiko Kido
- Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-0942, Japan;
| | - Masaru Sakurai
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan; (M.S.); (H.N.)
| | - Hideaki Nakagawa
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan; (M.S.); (H.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Naka KS, de Cássia Dos Santos Mendes L, de Queiroz TKL, Costa BNS, de Jesus IM, de Magalhães Câmara V, de Oliveira Lima M. A comparative study of cadmium levels in blood from exposed populations in an industrial area of the Amazon, Brazil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 698:134309. [PMID: 31783457 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chemical pollution from industrial sources is one of the main problems affecting the environment. In urban areas, the emission of toxic gases and particulates to the atmosphere can damage human health. Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most ecotoxic metals among these pollutants, even at low concentrations. In this study, environmental exposure to Cd was evaluated from the Cd blood levels (CdB) of the human populations living in two Amazonian districts. The first was Bairro Industrial (BIN), which is located next to the industrial complex in Barcarena City, while the second was Vila do Beja (VBJ), a control group located in the farthest area from industrial activities in Abaetetuba City. Sectional and comparative studies were applied for both districts. Sampling (N = 469) occurred in 2012 and 2013. Gender, age, residence time, drinking water source, alcohol consumption, and smoking were used as independent variables. CdB levels were analyzed by induced coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). In BIN, geometric mean and median CdB levels were 0.27 and 0.43 μg∙L-1, respectively (range: ≤0.03-17.49 μg∙L-1), while in VBJ these were 0.19 and 0.23 μg∙L-1 (range: ≤0.03-2.38 μg∙L-1). The higher CdB concentration in the blood of people from BIN was similar to levels previously found in people living near other industrial areas, and showed that the BIN residents were more exposed to Cd pollution. The studies showed the need for surveillance actions to evaluate possible routes of exposure, avoiding the future worsening of the health of the population living next to industrial areas in the Amazon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karytta Sousa Naka
- Mestre em Epidemiologia e Vigilância em Saúde, Instituto Evandro Chagas (IEC), Brazil; Seção de Meio Ambiente, Instituto Evandro Chagas (SAMAM/IEC), Brazil.
| | | | - Thaís Karolina Lisboa de Queiroz
- Mestre em Epidemiologia e Vigilância em Saúde, Instituto Evandro Chagas (IEC), Brazil; Seção de Meio Ambiente, Instituto Evandro Chagas (SAMAM/IEC), Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen X, Wang Z, Zhu G, Nordberg GF, Jin T, Ding X. The association between cumulative cadmium intake and osteoporosis and risk of fracture in a Chinese population. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2019; 29:435-443. [PMID: 30185939 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-018-0057-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bone is one of the target organs for cadmium toxicity. However, few studies have shown the association between cumulative cadmium intake and prevalence of osteoporosis and bone fracture. In the present study, we evaluated the association between cumulative cadmium intake and osteoporosis and risk of fracture in a Chinese population. A total of 790 subjects (488 women and 302 men) living in a control area and two cadmium-polluted areas were included. The cumulative cadmium intake was estimated by a food survey. The bone mineral density was determined by using single-photon absorptiometry. The cumulative cadmium intakes were 0.48, 2.14, and 11.00 g for men, and 0.42, 2.11, and 11.12 g in women in control, and moderately and heavily polluted areas, respectively. In women, the odds ratios (ORs) of subjects with a cadmium intake between 2.21 and 10.63 g and >10.63 g were 1.30 (95% CI: 0.58-2.94) and 2.36 (95% CI: 1.14-5.16), compared with those with a cadmium intake < 0.58 g after adjusting to the confounders for osteoporosis. The ORs of subjects with a cadmium intake >10.63 g were 2.34 (95% CI: 1.23-4.38) for all of the women and 2.62 (95% CI: 1.02-5.58) in women ≥ 60 years old, compared with those with a cadmium intake <10.63 g after adjusting to the confounders for bone fractures. In men, similar trends were observed, but no statistical significance was found. In addition, those subjects with renal tubular dysfunction showed high risk of bone fracture. Our results indicate that a high level of cumulative cadmium intake is associated with an increased rate of osteoporosis and fractures among women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 # hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Kidney Disease and Dialysis, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhongqiu Wang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 # hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Guoying Zhu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, 2094 Xietu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Gunnar F Nordberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Taiyi Jin
- Department of Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Fudan University, 150 Dongan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Ding
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Kidney Disease and Dialysis, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nishijo M, Nakagawa H. Effects of Cadmium Exposure on Life Prognosis. CURRENT TOPICS IN ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-3630-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
16
|
Kim H, Lee J, Woo HD, Kim DW, Choi IJ, Kim YI, Kim J. Association between dietary cadmium intake and early gastric cancer risk in a Korean population: a case-control study. Eur J Nutr 2018; 58:3255-3266. [PMID: 30498867 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1868-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Foods such as grains and vegetables are the dominant sources of exposure to cadmium, which has been classified as a carcinogen by various public health agencies. Cadmium exposure is a growing concern due to its associations with numerous harmful health effects, including gastric cancer risk. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of dietary cadmium intake and the consumption of cadmium-contributing foods with early gastric cancer risk. METHODS A case-control study including 1245 subjects (cases, 415; controls, 830) was conducted in Korea. The dietary cadmium intake and the consumption of cadmium-contributing foods were assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS After adjustment for covariates, the gastric cancer risk was increased for participants in the highest tertile of cadmium intake [odds ratios (ORs) 1.33, 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) 0.94-1.88], but there was no significance. Both female (ORs 2.71, 95% CIs 1.37-5.36) and male (ORs 1.63, 95% CIs 1.07-2.50) participants in the highest tertile of rice consumption had a higher gastric cancer risk than did those in the lowest tertile. Men in the highest tertile of crab consumption had a gastric cancer risk 2.23 times greater than that of men in the lowest tertile (ORs 2.23, 95% CIs 1.21-4.13), but a difference was not seen in women. CONCLUSIONS Future studies examining the causal effects of dietary cadmium intake and the consumption of cadmium-contributing foods on early gastric cancer risk in large-scale prospective cohorts are recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Kim
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, 323, Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, South Korea
| | - Jeonghee Lee
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, 323, Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, South Korea
| | - Hae Dong Woo
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, 323, Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, South Korea
| | - Dong Woo Kim
- Department of Home Economics, Korea National Open University, 86, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Il Ju Choi
- Center for Gastric Cancer, National Cancer Center, 323, Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, South Korea
| | - Young-Il Kim
- Center for Gastric Cancer, National Cancer Center, 323, Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, South Korea
| | - Jeongseon Kim
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, 323, Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ratelle M, Li X, Laird BD. Cadmium exposure in First Nations communities of the Northwest Territories, Canada: smoking is a greater contributor than consumption of cadmium-accumulating organ meats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2018; 20:1441-1453. [PMID: 30221302 DOI: 10.1039/c8em00232k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Traditional food consumption among northern populations is associated with improved nutrition but occasionally can also increase contaminant exposure. High levels of cadmium in the organs of moose from certain regions of the Northwest Territories, Canada, led to the release of consumption notices. These notices recommended that individuals limit their consumption of kidney and liver from moose harvested from the Southern Mackenzie Mountain. A human biomonitoring project was designed to better characterize exposure and risks from contaminants, including cadmium, among Dene/Métis communities of the Northwest Territories Mackenzie Valley, Canada. The project included a dietary assessment (food frequency questionnaire) to estimate moose and caribou organ (kidney and liver) consumption, as well as urine and blood sampling for the measurement of cadmium concentration using mass spectrometry. For a subset of the samples, urine cotinine was also quantified. The results from this biomonitoring research show that cadmium levels in urine (GM = 0.32 μg L-1) and blood (GM = 0.58 μg L-1) are similar to those observed in other populations in Canada. For the 38% of participants reporting eating game organs, current traditional food consumption patterns were not associated with cadmium biomarker levels. Instead, smoking appeared to be the main determinant of cadmium exposure. These results are supporting ongoing efforts at the community and territorial level to identify health priorities and design follow up plans in response to environmental monitoring data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mylene Ratelle
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo. 200 University Avenue West, Lyle Hallman North, Room LHN-1727, Waterloo, Ontario, CanadaN2L 3G1.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wennberg M, Lundh T, Sommar JN, Bergdahl IA. Time trends and exposure determinants of lead and cadmium in the adult population of northern Sweden 1990-2014. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 159:111-117. [PMID: 28787621 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study follows cadmium and lead concentrations in blood in the adult population in northern Sweden over 24 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS Concentrations of lead and cadmium were measured in single whole blood samples (B-Pb and B-Cd) from 619 men and 926 women participating in the Northern Sweden WHO MONICA Study on one occasion 1990-2014. Associations with smoking and dietary factors were investigated. Consumption of moose meat was asked for in 2014. RESULTS In the adult population in northern Sweden, the median B-Pb in 2014 was 11.0µg/L in young (25-35 years) men and 9.69µg/L in young women. In an older age-group (50-60 years), the median B-Pb was 15.1µg/L in men and 13.1µg/L in women. B-Pb decreased from 1990 to 2009, after which time no further decrease was observed. B-Pb was higher in smokers than in non-smokers. In never-smokers, positive associations were found between B-Pb and consumption of wine and brewed coffee (women only) in 2004-2014. Higher B-Pb with consumption of moose meat was demonstrated in men, but not in women. B-Cd was essentially stable over the whole period, but an increase in B-Cd, of 3% per year, was detected in never-smoking women between 2009 and 2014. In 2014, median B-Cd in never-smokers in the four groups was; 0.11µg/L in younger men, 0.15µg/L in younger women, 0.14µg/L in older men, and 0.21µg/L in older women. B-Cd was higher in smokers than in non-smokers. The only positive association between B-Cd and food items in 2004-2014 was with consumption of brewed coffee (men only). CONCLUSIONS The lack of a decrease in B-Cd from 1990 to 2014 and the absence of a further decrease in B-Pb after 2009 are unsatisfactory considering the health risks these metals pose in the general population at current concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Wennberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Thomas Lundh
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Johan Nilsson Sommar
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Ingvar A Bergdahl
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Biobank Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|