1
|
Zhuge L, Chen L, Pan W. Effects of isoflavone interventions on bone metabolism in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: An umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials. Endocr Pract 2024:S1530-891X(24)00658-X. [PMID: 39214463 DOI: 10.1016/j.eprac.2024.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 08/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous meta-analyses have investigated the effects of isoflavones on bone metabolism in perimenopausal or postmenopausal women. However, there were still conflicting results. Thereby, this umbrella review assessed the existing meta-analysis evidence of the effects of isoflavone interventions on bone metabolism in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. METHODS This study was conducted following the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). From the inception until August 24, 2023, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases were searched to identify meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The outcomes included bone mineral densities (BMDs), and bone turnover markers (BTMs) of osteocalcin (OC), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP), pyridinoline (PYD), deoxypyridinoline (DPD), Procollagen Type 1 N-Terminal Propeptide (P1NP), and C-telopeptide of Type 1 Collagen (CTX). The random-effects model was used to recalculate the extracted effect sizes. Mean difference (MD) was used as a summary effect measure. RESULTS Ten meta-analyses of RCTs were included. The isoflavone intervention was associated with increased BMDs in lumbar spine (MD: 11.50 mg/cm2, 95% confidence interval (CI): 6.46 to 16.55), femoral neck (MD: 2.03%, 95% CI: 0.57 to 3.50), and top hip (MD: 0.31%, 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.59) in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that isoflavone interventions have the potential to improve BMD at different bone sites, including the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total hip in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Isoflavone may be considered a complementary option in the bone loss of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Zhuge
- Department of Gynecology, Beilun District People's Hospital, Ningbo 315800, P.R. China
| | - Lanlan Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jinhua 321000, P.R. China
| | - Weiping Pan
- Department of Gynecology, Beilun District People's Hospital, Ningbo 315800, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Harahap IA, Schmidt M, Pruszyńska-Oszmałek E, Sassek M, Suliburska J. Impact of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Its Combination with Isoflavone Products on Calcium Status, Calcium Transporters, and Bone Metabolism Biomarkers in a Post-Menopausal Osteoporotic Rat Model. Nutrients 2024; 16:2524. [PMID: 39125403 PMCID: PMC11314490 DOI: 10.3390/nu16152524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis in menopausal women requires alternatives to current medications, considering their adverse effects. In this context, probiotics and isoflavone products are promising dietary interventions. The objective of our study was to examine the impacts of Lactobacillus acidophilus and its combination with daidzein and tempeh on calcium status, calcium transporters, and bone metabolism biomarkers in a post-menopausal osteoporotic rat model. A total of 48 female Wistar rats were exposed to a two-stage experiment involving calcium deficit induction and subsequent dietary interventions across six groups. Calcium levels, the gene expression of TRPV5 and TRPV6 calcium transporters, bone histopathology, serum bone metabolism markers, and blood biochemistry were evaluated. The results revealed that, while decreasing serum calcium levels, the groups that received the probiotic L. acidophilus and isoflavone combination exhibited increased bone metabolism biomarkers and decreased calcium transporter expressions, akin to the effects of bisphosphonate. Additionally, significant improvements in bone histopathology were observed in these groups. However, the group receiving probiotic L. acidophilus alone did not exhibit significant changes in bone resorption biomarkers, calcium transporter expression, or various blood parameters. Meanwhile, the combination of probiotic L. acidophilus with tempeh positively influenced hematological parameters and reduced cholesterol and triglyceride levels, but it led to elevated blood glucose levels. Correlation analyses highlighted associations between serum calcium levels, calcium transporter expression, and bone metabolism biomarkers. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the daily consumption of probiotic L. acidophilus in combination with isoflavone products may improve bone health in ovariectomized rats, warranting further research to elucidate potential interactions with other nutrients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iskandar Azmy Harahap
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-624 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marcin Schmidt
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Pruszyńska-Oszmałek
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Sassek
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Suliburska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-624 Poznan, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang X, Lu Y, Wallace TC. Dietary Flavonoid and Subclass Intakes are not Associated with Markers of Bone Health in U.S. Adults Age 50+ Years. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38829710 DOI: 10.1080/27697061.2024.2358532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary flavonoid intakes have been associated with improved markers of bone health in Chinese and Scottish cohorts, but little data exist in middle aged to older adults in the United States. OBJECTIVES The objective of our research was to assess if dietary flavonoid intakes are associated with bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), and bone area of the lumbar spine and femoral neck in a nationally representative population of middle aged to older U.S. adults. We further sought to investigate if relationships of the main flavonoid subgroups (i.e., anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols, flavanones, flavones, flavonols, and isoflavones) exist, as a secondary objective. METHODS Cross-sectional data from individuals aged 50+ years enrolled in the 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were used in our analyses (N = 2590). Weighted multivariate logistic regression models were used to investigate the relationship between quartiles of flavonoid intake and BMD, BMC, and bone area of the lumbar spine and femoral neck of participants. RESULTS Mean age of participants was 63.4 ± 0.52 years and 64.1 ± 0.52 years for men and women, respectively. Average total flavonoid intake was 217 ± 19.4 mg/day and 306 ± 26.9 mg/day for men and women, respectively. Total flavonoid intakes were not significantly associated with BMD, BMC, or bone area of the femoral neck or lumbar spine in male or female participants. Flavonoid subclass intakes were also not consistently associated with improved markers of bone health. CONCLUSION Although several limitations exist, this cross-sectional analysis of U.S. adults aged 50+ years provides contradictory evidence to the hypothesis that higher flavonoid and flavonoid subclass intakes beneficially impacts markers of bone health. Large prospective cohort investigations that better capture long-term dietary flavonoid intake and ascertain fractures the primary outcome, as well as randomized controlled trials, are needed to fully elucidate the effects flavonoids on bone health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xichen Wang
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yang Lu
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Taylor C Wallace
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Think Healthy Group, LLC, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Inpan R, Na Takuathung M, Sakuludomkan W, Dukaew N, Teekachunhatean S, Koonrungsesomboon N. Isoflavone intervention and its impact on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Osteoporos Int 2024; 35:413-430. [PMID: 37875614 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-023-06944-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Due to estrogen deficiency, postmenopausal women may suffer from an imbalance in bone metabolism that leads to bone fractures. Isoflavones, a type of phytoestrogen, have been suggested to improve bone metabolism and increase bone mass. Therefore, isoflavones are increasingly recognized as a promising natural alternative to hormone replacement therapy for postmenopausal women who face a heightened risk of osteoporosis and are susceptible to bone fractures. PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of isoflavone interventions on bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women by means of systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS The electronic database searches were performed on PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases, covering literature up to April 20, 2023. A random-effects model was used to obtain the main effect estimates, with a mean difference (MD) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) as the effect size summary. The risk of bias assessment was conducted using the Risk of Bias 2 (RoB2) tool. RESULTS A total of 63 randomized controlled trials comparing isoflavone interventions (n = 4,754) and placebo (n = 4,272) were included. The results indicated that isoflavone interventions significantly improved BMD at the lumbar spine (MD = 0.0175 g/cm2; 95% CI, 0.0088 to 0.0263, P < 0.0001), femoral neck (MD = 0.0172 g/cm2; 95% CI, 0.0046 to 0.0298, P = 0.0073), and distal radius (MD = 0.0138 g/cm2; 95% CI, 0.0077 to 0.0198, P < 0.0001) in postmenopausal women. Subgroup analysis showed that the isoflavone intervention was effective for improving BMD when the duration was ≥ 12 months and when the intervention contained genistein of at least 50 mg/day. CONCLUSION This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that isoflavone interventions, especially those containing genistein of at least 50 mg/day, can effectively enhance BMD in postmenopausal women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ratchanon Inpan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Clinical Research Center for Food and Herbal Product Trials and Development (CR-FAH), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Mingkwan Na Takuathung
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Clinical Research Center for Food and Herbal Product Trials and Development (CR-FAH), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Wannachai Sakuludomkan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Clinical Research Center for Food and Herbal Product Trials and Development (CR-FAH), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nahathai Dukaew
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Clinical Research Center for Food and Herbal Product Trials and Development (CR-FAH), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Supanimit Teekachunhatean
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Clinical Research Center for Food and Herbal Product Trials and Development (CR-FAH), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nut Koonrungsesomboon
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
- Clinical Research Center for Food and Herbal Product Trials and Development (CR-FAH), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lewiecki EM, Bellido T, Bilezikian JP, Brown JP, Farooki A, Kovacs CS, Lee B, Leslie WD, McClung MR, Prasarn ML, Sellmeyer DE. Proceedings of the 2023 Santa Fe Bone Symposium: Progress and Controversies in the Management of Patients with Skeletal Diseases. J Clin Densitom 2023; 26:101432. [PMID: 37944445 PMCID: PMC10900844 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2023.101432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The Santa Fe Bone Symposium (SFBS) held its 23rd annual event on August 5-6, 2023, in Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA. Attendees participated in-person and remotely, representing many states and countries. The program included plenary presentations, panel discussions, satellite symposia, a Project ECHO workshop, and a session on healthcare policy and reimbursement for fracture liaison programs. A broad range of topics were addressed, including transitions of osteoporosis treatments over a lifetime; controversies in vitamin D; update on Official Positions of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry; spine surgery and bone health; clinical applications of bone turnover markers; basic bone biology for clinicians; premenopausal-, pregnancy-, and lactation-associated osteoporosis; cancer treatment induced bone loss in patients with breast cancer and prostate cancer; genetic testing for skeletal diseases; and an update on nutrition and bone health. There were also sessions on rare bone diseases, including managing patients with hypophosphatasia; treatment of X-linked hypophosphatemia; and assessment and treatment of patients with hypoparathyroidism. There were oral presentations of abstracts by endocrinology fellows selected from those who participated in the Santa Fe Fellows Workshop on Metabolic Bone Diseases, held the 2 days prior to the SFBS. These proceedings of the 2023 SFBS present the clinical highlights and insights generated from many formal and informal discussions in Santa Fe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Michael Lewiecki
- New Mexico Clinical Research & Osteoporosis Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States.
| | - Teresita Bellido
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - John P Bilezikian
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Azeez Farooki
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Christopher S Kovacs
- Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Brendan Lee
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Corbi G, Nobile V, Conti V, Cannavo A, Sorrenti V, Medoro A, Scapagnini G, Davinelli S. Equol and Resveratrol Improve Bone Turnover Biomarkers in Postmenopausal Women: A Clinical Trial. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12063. [PMID: 37569440 PMCID: PMC10419295 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen deficiency is a major cause of loss of postmenopausal bone mineral density (BMD). This study aimed to evaluate the effects of equol and resveratrol on bone turnover biomarkers in postmenopausal women. Sixty healthy postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to receive 200 mg fermented soy containing 10 mg equol and 25 mg resveratrol or a placebo for 12 months. Whole-body BMD and bone turnover biomarkers, such as deoxypyridinoline (DPD), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP-5b), osteocalcin, and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP), were measured at baseline and after 12 months of treatment. At the end of treatment, DPD, osteocalcin, and BAP significantly improved in the active group (p < 0.0001 for all) compared to the placebo group. Conversely, TRACP-5b levels were unaffected by supplementation (p = 0.051). Statistically significant changes in the concentrations of DPD (p < 0.0001), osteocalcin (p = 0.0001), and BAP (p < 0.0001) compared to baseline were also identified. Overall, the intervention significantly increased BMD measured in the whole body (p = 0.0220) compared with the placebo. These data indicate that the combination of equol and resveratrol may positively modulate bone turnover biomarkers and BMD, representing a potential approach to prevent age-related bone loss in postmenopausal women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graziamaria Corbi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.C.); (A.C.)
| | | | - Valeria Conti
- Department of Medicine Surgery and Dentistry, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Cannavo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Vincenzo Sorrenti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Medoro
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (A.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (A.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Sergio Davinelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (A.M.); (S.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lecomte M, Tomassi D, Rizzoli R, Tenon M, Berton T, Harney S, Fança-Berthon P. Effect of a Hop Extract Standardized in 8-Prenylnaringenin on Bone Health and Gut Microbiome in Postmenopausal Women with Osteopenia: A One-Year Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2023; 15:2688. [PMID: 37375599 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen deficiency increases the risk of osteoporosis and fracture. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a hop extract standardized in 8-prenylnaringenin (8-PN), a potent phytoestrogen, could improve bone status of osteopenic women and to explore the gut microbiome roles in this effect. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial, 100 postmenopausal, osteopenic women were supplemented with calcium and vitamin D3 (CaD) tablets and either a hop extract (HE) standardized in 8-PN (n = 50) or a placebo (n = 50) for 48 weeks. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone metabolism were assessed by DXA measurements and plasma bone biomarkers, respectively. Participant's quality of life (SF-36), gut microbiome composition, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels were also investigated. In addition to the CaD supplements, 48 weeks of HE supplementation increased total body BMD (1.8 ± 0.4% vs. baseline, p < 0.0001; 1.0 ± 0.6% vs. placebo, p = 0.08), with a higher proportion of women experiencing an increase ≥1% compared to placebo (odds ratio: 2.41 ± 1.07, p < 0.05). An increase in the SF-36 physical functioning score was observed with HE versus placebo (p = 0.05). Gut microbiome α-diversity and SCFA levels did not differ between groups. However, a higher abundance of genera Turicibacter and Shigella was observed in the HE group; both genera have been previously identified as associated with total body BMD. These results suggest that an 8-PN standardized hop extract could beneficially impact bone health of postmenopausal women with osteopenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - René Rizzoli
- Service of Bone Disease, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Sinead Harney
- Rheumatology Department, Cork University Hospital, T12 DFK4 Cork, Ireland
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rassu G, Sorrenti M, Catenacci L, Pavan B, Ferraro L, Gavini E, Bonferoni MC, Giunchedi P, Dalpiaz A. Conjugation, Prodrug, and Co-Administration Strategies in Support of Nanotechnologies to Improve the Therapeutic Efficacy of Phytochemicals in the Central Nervous System. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1578. [PMID: 37376027 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals, produced as secondary plant metabolites, have shown interesting potential therapeutic activities against neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Unfortunately, poor bioavailability and rapid metabolic processes compromise their therapeutic use, and several strategies are currently proposed for overcoming these issues. The present review summarises strategies for enhancing the central nervous system's phytochemical efficacy. Particular attention has been paid to the use of phytochemicals in combination with other drugs (co-administrations) or administration of phytochemicals as prodrugs or conjugates, particularly when these approaches are supported by nanotechnologies exploiting conjugation strategies with appropriate targeting molecules. These aspects are described for polyphenols and essential oil components, which can improve their loading as prodrugs in nanocarriers, or be part of nanocarriers designed for targeted co-delivery to achieve synergistic anti-glioma or anti-neurodegenerative effects. The use of in vitro models, able to simulate the blood-brain barrier, neurodegeneration or glioma, and useful for optimizing innovative formulations before their in vivo administration via intravenous, oral, or nasal routes, is also summarised. Among the described compounds, quercetin, curcumin, resveratrol, ferulic acid, geraniol, and cinnamaldehyde can be efficaciously formulated to attain brain-targeting characteristics, and may therefore be therapeutically useful against glioma or neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Rassu
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23a, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Milena Sorrenti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Laura Catenacci
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Barbara Pavan
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation-Section of Physiology, University of Ferrara, Via Borsari 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luca Ferraro
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via Borsari 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Gavini
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23a, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Giunchedi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23a, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Dalpiaz
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 19, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Estrogenic flavonoids and their molecular mechanisms of action. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 114:109250. [PMID: 36509337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a major group of phytoestrogens associated with physiological effects, and ecological and social impacts. Although the estrogenic activity of flavonoids was reported by researchers in the fields of medical, environmental and food studies, their molecular mechanisms of action have not been comprehensively reviewed. The estrogenic activity of the respective classes of flavonoids, anthocyanidins/anthocyanins, 2-arylbenzofurans/3-arylcoumarins/α-methyldeoxybenzoins, aurones/chalcones/dihydrochalcones, coumaronochromones, coumestans, flavans/flavan-3-ols/flavan-4-ols, flavanones/dihydroflavonols, flavones/flavonols, homoisoflavonoids, isoflavans, isoflavanones, isoflavenes, isoflavones, neoflavonoids, oligoflavonoids, pterocarpans/pterocarpenes, and rotenone/rotenoids, was summarized through a comprehensive literature search, and their structure-activity relationship, biological activities, signaling pathways, and applications were discussed. Although the respective classes of flavonoids contained at least one chemical mimicking estrogen, the mechanisms varied, such as those with estrogenic, anti-estrogenic, non-estrogenic, and biphasic activities, and additional activities through crosstalk/bypassing, which exert biological activities through cell signaling pathways. Such mechanistic variations of estrogen action are not limited to flavonoids and are observed among other broad categories of chemicals, thus this group of chemicals can be termed as the "estrogenome". This review article focuses on the connection of estrogen action mainly between the outer and the inner environments, which represent variations of chemicals and biological activities/signaling pathways, respectively, and form the basis to understand their applications. The applications of chemicals will markedly progress due to emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence for precision medicine, which is also true of the study of the estrogenome including estrogenic flavonoids.
Collapse
|
10
|
Biver E, Herrou J, Larid G, Legrand MA, Gonnelli S, Annweiler C, Chapurlat R, Coxam V, Fardellone P, Thomas T, Lecerf JM, Cortet B, Paccou J. Dietary recommendations in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Joint Bone Spine 2022; 90:105521. [PMID: 36566976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2022.105521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This article presents the initial recommendations of the French Rheumatology Society (Société Française de Rhumatologie - SFR) and the Osteoporosis Research and Information Group (Groupe de Recherche et d'Informations sur les Ostéoporoses - GRIO) on the role of diet in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. METHODS The recommendations were produced by a working group composed of rheumatologists, physician nutrition specialists and a geriatrician. Fifteen (15) questions pertaining to "daily practices" were preselected by the working group. For the literature review, the working group focussed mainly on the effects of diet on bone mineral density (BMD) and fractures, and primarily on meta-analyses of longitudinal studies and dietary intervention studies. RESULTS A Mediterranean-type diet and the daily consumption of 2 to 3 dairy products are recommended. Together, these provide the calcium and "high quality" protein required to maintain a normal calcium-phosphorus balance and bone metabolism, and are associated with lower fracture risk. Conversely, unbalanced Western diets, vegan diets, weight-loss diets in non-overweight individuals, alcohol consumption and daily consumption of sodas are advised against. In terms of the beneficial effects on bone mineral density and fracture risk, current scientific data are either insufficient or too divergent to recommend increasing or restricting the consumption of tea or coffee, vitamins other than vitamin D, vitamin D-enriched or phytoestrogen-rich foods, calcium-enriched plant-based beverages, oral nutritional supplements, or dietary sources of prebiotics and probiotics. CONCLUSIONS These are the first set of recommendations addressing the role of diet in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. More research is necessary to direct and support guidelines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Biver
- Service of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julia Herrou
- Service de rhumatologie, Inserm U 1153, université de Paris, AP-HP Centre, hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Larid
- Rheumatology Department, University Hospital of Poitiers, CHU de Poitiers, 2, rue de la Milétrie, 86021 Poitiers, France
| | - Mélanie A Legrand
- Department of Rheumatology, Edouard Herriot University Hospital, Inserm UMR 1033, Université de Lyon, 5, place d'Arsonval, 69003 Lyon, France
| | - Sara Gonnelli
- Department of Rheumatology, Cochin Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Centre, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) Unités Mixtes de Recherche (UMR) 1153, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Cédric Annweiler
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Memory Clinic, Research Center on Autonomy and Longevity, University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Roland Chapurlat
- Department of Rheumatology, Edouard Herriot University Hospital, Inserm UMR 1033, Université de Lyon, 5, place d'Arsonval, 69003 Lyon, France
| | - Véronique Coxam
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), INRA/Université Clermont Auvergne, 63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Thierry Thomas
- Department of Rheumatology, Hôpital Nord, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Saint-Etienne, Inserm U1059, Lyon University, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Jean-Michel Lecerf
- Department of Nutrition and Physical Activity, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Bernard Cortet
- Department of Rheumatology, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, MABlab ULR 4490, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Julien Paccou
- Department of Rheumatology, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, MABlab ULR 4490, 59000 Lille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Trius-Soler M, Tresserra-Rimbau A, Moreno JJ, Peris P, Estruch R, Lamuela-Raventós RM. Effect of moderate beer consumption (with and without ethanol) on osteoporosis in early postmenopausal women: Results of a pilot parallel clinical trial. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1014140. [DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1014140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionOsteoporosis is a chronic progressive bone disease characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) and micro-architectural deterioration of bone tissue, leading to an increase in bone fragility and the risk of fractures. A well-known risk factor for bone loss is postmenopausal status. Beer may have a protective effect against osteoporosis associated with its content of silicon, polyphenols, iso-α-acids and ethanol, and its moderate consumption may therefore help to reduce bone loss in postmenopausal women.MethodsAccordingly, a 2-year controlled clinical intervention study was conducted to evaluate if a moderate daily intake of beer with (AB) or without alcohol (NAB) could have beneficial effects on bone tissue. A total of 31 postmenopausal women were assigned to three study groups: 15 were administered AB (330 mL/day) and six, NAB (660 mL/day), whereas, the 10 in the control group refrained from consuming alcohol, NAB, and hop-related products. At baseline and subsequent assessment visits, samples of plasma and urine were taken to analyze biochemical parameters, and data on medical history, diet, and exercise were collected. BMD and the trabecular bone score (TBS) were determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Markers of bone formation (bone alkaline phosphatase [BAP] and N-propeptide of type I collagen [PINP]) and bone resorption (N-telopeptide of type I collagen [NTX] and C-telopeptide of type I collagen [CTX]) were determined annually.ResultsBone formation markers had increased in the AB and NAB groups compared to the control after the 2-year intervention. However, the evolution of BMD and TBS did not differ among the three groups throughout the study period.DiscussionTherefore, according to the findings of this pilot study, moderate beer intake does not seem to have a protective effect against bone loss in early post-menopausal women.
Collapse
|
12
|
Li Y, Li L, Li X, Luo B, Ye Q, Wang H, Yang L, Zhu X, Han L, Zhang R, Tian H, Wang P. A mechanistic review of chinese medicine polyphenols on bone formation and resorption. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1017538. [PMID: 36313339 PMCID: PMC9597080 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1017538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone reconstruction includes a steady state system of bone formation and bone absorption. This tight coupling requires subtle coordination between osteoblasts and osteoclasts. If this balance is broken, it will lead to bone mass loss, bone density reduction, and bone metabolic diseases, such as osteoporosis. Polyphenols in Chinese herbal medicines are active ingredients in plant extracts with high safety and few side effects, and they can play a role in affecting bone formation and bone resorption. Some of these have estrogen-like effects and can better target bone health in postmenopausal women. The purpose of this review is to provide comprehensive information on the mechanisms underlying the relationship between traditional Chinese medicine polyphenols and bone formation or bone resorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingyu Li
- Cancer Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyun Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingjie Luo
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianyun Ye
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Han
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ronghua Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ronghua Zhang, ; Huaqin Tian, ; Panpan Wang,
| | - Huaqin Tian
- Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
- *Correspondence: Ronghua Zhang, ; Huaqin Tian, ; Panpan Wang,
| | - Panpan Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ronghua Zhang, ; Huaqin Tian, ; Panpan Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Damani JJ, De Souza MJ, VanEvery HL, Strock NCA, Rogers CJ. The Role of Prunes in Modulating Inflammatory Pathways to Improve Bone Health in Postmenopausal Women. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:1476-1492. [PMID: 34978320 PMCID: PMC9526830 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of osteoporosis among women aged 50 y and older is expected to reach 13.6 million by 2030. Alternative nonpharmaceutical agents for osteoporosis, including nutritional interventions, are becoming increasingly popular. Prunes (dried plums; Prunus domestica L.) have been studied as a potential whole-food dietary intervention to mitigate bone loss in preclinical models of osteoporosis and in osteopenic postmenopausal women. Sixteen preclinical studies using in vivo rodent models of osteopenia or osteoporosis have established that dietary supplementation with prunes confers osteoprotective effects both by preventing and reversing bone loss. Increasing evidence from 10 studies suggests that, in addition to antiresorptive effects, prunes exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Ten preclinical studies have found that prunes and/or their polyphenol extracts decrease malondialdehyde and NO secretion, increase antioxidant enzyme expression, or suppress NF-κB activation and proinflammatory cytokine production. Two clinical trials have investigated the impact of dried plum consumption (50-100 g/d for 6-12 mo) on bone health in postmenopausal women and demonstrated promising effects on bone mineral density and bone biomarkers. However, less is known about the impact of prune consumption on oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators in humans and their possible role in modulating bone outcomes. In this review, the current state of knowledge on the relation between inflammation and bone health is outlined. Findings from preclinical and clinical studies that have assessed the effect of prunes on oxidative stress, inflammatory mediators, and bone outcomes are summarized, and evidence supporting a potential role of prunes in modulating inflammatory and immune pathways is highlighted. Key future directions to bridge the knowledge gap in the field are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janhavi J Damani
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Integrative and Biomedical Physiology, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Mary Jane De Souza
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Hannah L VanEvery
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Nicole C A Strock
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Connie J Rogers
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Booyens RM, Engelbrecht AM, Strauss L, Pretorius E. To clot, or not to clot: The dilemma of hormone treatment options for menopause. Thromb Res 2022; 218:99-111. [PMID: 36030662 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2022.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Untreated menopause may have serious health implications, but treatments can have dangerous side effects. We evaluate menopausal symptoms as well as available treatments -the routes of administration and their effect on blood coagulation. Menopausal females may experience hot flushes, vulva- and vaginal atrophy and osteoporosis. Many treatments are available to relieve these symptoms such as Conjugated Equine Estrogen and bioidentical hormones. The routes of administration include oral and transdermal. Hormones that are administered orally undergo a hepatic first pass metabolism. The by-products have a lower efficacy and possibly enhanced side effects. Furthermore, hormone treatments influence the coagulation cascade through coagulation factors or their regulators. Increased coagulation poses a risk for venous thromboembolism. Currently a definite conclusion on whether the side effects from hormone treatments exceed the risk of untreated menopause cannot be made. However, a more individualised approach to hormone treatments may be the most feasible solution to this dilemma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renata M Booyens
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Anna-Mart Engelbrecht
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Ledivia Strauss
- Functional Medicine Practice, A1 Polo Village Offices, Kliprug Minor Rd, Val De Vie Winelands Lifestyle Estate, 7646, South Africa
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Benjawan S, Nimitphong H, Tragulpiankit P, Musigavong O, Prathanturarug S, Pathomwichaiwat T. The effect of Cissus quadrangularis L. on delaying bone loss in postmenopausal women with osteopenia: A randomized placebo-controlled trial. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 101:154115. [PMID: 35523116 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteopenia refers to bone density that is not normal but also not as low as that noted in osteoporosis. Osteopenia leads to osteoporosis and increases the risk of fractures. Current research is focused on agents that will prevent or slow the progression of bone loss. On the basis of published evidence, Cissus quadrangularis (CQ) might potentially provide a novel natural treatment for osteopenia. PURPOSE To determine the effect of 24 weeks of consecutive treatment with CQ on delaying bone loss and safety in postmenopausal women (PMW) with osteopenia. METHODS This study is a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Here, 134 enrolled PMW with osteopenia (> 40 years and having no period for 1-10 years) received CQ at 1.2 (CQ1.2) or 1.6 g/day (CQ1.6) or placebo. The %change in bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine (L1-L4), femoral neck, and total hip served as the primary outcome. The %change in bone turnover markers (BTMs), including C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX) and procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide (P1NP), was the secondary outcome. These outcomes were compared between the CQ vs. placebo group at weeks 12 and 24. The least significant change (LSC) was used to monitor clinical changes. The adverse events (AE) were monitored. RESULTS A total of 108 participants completed this study. The %BMD changes in the CQ-treated groups did not differ at any site after 24 weeks compared to the placebo. Statistically significant differences were detected in CQ1.6 at the lumbar spine (0.011 ± 0.025 g/cm2, p = 0.008) and CQ1.2 at the femoral neck (-0.015 ± 0.036 g/cm2, p = 0.024) compared to baseline, but these changes did not exceed the LSC. Reduced bone remodeling activity was detected in both CQ-treated groups. Compared to the placebo, the %P1NP change was significantly reduced in CQ1.6 (-2.46 ± 26.05%; p < 0.01) at week 12 and in CQ1.2 (-3.36 ± 29.47%; p < 0.01) and CQ1.6 (-9.95 ± 22.22%; p < 0.01) at week 24. These results correlated with the within-group comparison, which showed a continuously significant increase in both BTMs in the placebo group. However, a stable CTX and a significant reduction in P1NP (p < 0.05) were detected in both CQ-treated groups. This reduction exceeded the LSC of P1NP. The incidence of adverse events did not differ among the three groups. CONCLUSION This is the first clinical report that showed a promising effect on delaying bone loss of orally administration of CQ for 24 weeks, as indicated by a slower bone remodeling process via a reduction in BTMs. However, no change in BMD was observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saksit Benjawan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayuthaya Road, Rajathevi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Hataikarn Nimitphong
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Rajathevi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Pramote Tragulpiankit
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Sri-Ayuthaya Road, Rajathevi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Olarik Musigavong
- Chao Phraya Abhaibhubejhr Hospital, Prachin Anuson Road, Tha Ngam, Mueang Prachinburi, Prachinburi 25000, Thailand
| | - Sompop Prathanturarug
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayuthaya Road, Rajathevi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Thanika Pathomwichaiwat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayuthaya Road, Rajathevi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Phoenix dactilyfera L. Pits Extract Restored Bone Homeostasis in Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporotic Animal Model through the Antioxidant Effect and Wnt5a Non-Canonical Signaling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030508. [PMID: 35326158 PMCID: PMC8944842 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress associated with long-term glucocorticoids administration is a route through which secondary osteoporosis can be developed. The therapeutic potential of Phoenix dactilyfera L. pits is offered by their balanced, valuable and diverse phytochemical composition providing protective potential against oxidative reactions, making it a good candidate to treat glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO). This study evaluates the possible anti-osteoporotic effect of date pit extract (DPE) against dexamethasone (DEXA)-induced osteoporosis. Male rats were allocated into three control groups, which received saline, low and high doses of DPE (150 and 300 mg/kg/day), respectively. Osteoporosis-induced groups that received DEXA (1 mg/kg/day) were divided into DEXA only, DPE (2 doses) + DEXA, and ipriflavone + DEXA. Femoral bone minerals density and bone mineral content, bone oxidative stress markers, Wnt signaling, osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation markers, and femur histopathology were evaluated. DPE defeated the oxidative stress, resulting in ameliorative changes in Wnt signaling. DPE significantly reduced the adipogenicity and abolished the osteoclastogenic markers (RANKL/OPG ratio, ACP, TRAP) while enhancing the osteogenic differentiation markers (Runx2, Osx, COL1A1, OCN). In Conclusion DPE restored the balanced proliferation and differentiation of osteoclasts and osteoblasts precursors. DPE can be considered a promising remedy for GIO, especially at a low dose that had more potency.
Collapse
|
17
|
Kim Y, Kim DW, Kim K, Choe JS, Lee HJ. Usual intake of dietary isoflavone and its major food sources in Koreans: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016-2018 data. Nutr Res Pract 2022; 16:S134-S146. [PMID: 35651842 PMCID: PMC9127517 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2022.16.s1.s134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yoona Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Dong Woo Kim
- Food and Nutrition Major, Division of Human Ecology, Korea National Open University, Seoul 03087, Korea
| | - Kijoon Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Jeong-Sook Choe
- Department of Agro-materials Evaluation, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Hae-Jeung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Bio-Nano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea
- Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rodríguez V, Rivoira M, Picotto G, de Barboza GD, Collin A, de Talamoni NT. Analysis of the molecular mechanisms by flavonoids with potential use for osteoporosis prevention or therapy. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:2913-2936. [PMID: 34547992 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210921143644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is the most common skeletal disorder worldwide. Flavonoids have the potential to alleviate bone alterations in osteoporotic patients with the advantage of being safer and less expensive than the conventional therapies. OBJECTIVE The main objective is to analyze the molecular mechanisms triggered in bone by different subclasses of flavonoids. In addition, this review provides an up-to-date overview on the cellular and molecular aspects of osteoporotic bones versus healthy bones, and a brief description of some epidemiological studies indicating that flavonoids could be useful for osteoporosis treatment. METHODS The PubMed database was searched in the range of years 2001- 2021 using the keywords osteoporosis, flavonoids, and their subclasses such as flavones, flavonols, flavanols, isoflavones, flavanones and anthocyanins, focusing the data on the molecular mechanisms triggered in bone. RESULTS Although flavonoids comprise many compounds that differ in structure, their effects on bone loss in postmenopausal women or in ovariectomized-induced osteoporotic animals are quite similar. Most of them increase bone mineral density and bone strength, which occur through enhancement of osteoblastogenesis and osteoclast apoptosis, decrease in osteoclastogenesis as well as increase in neovascularization on the site of the osteoporotic fracture. CONCLUSION Several molecules of signaling pathways are involved in the effect of flavonoids on osteoporotic bone. Whether all flavonoids have a common mechanism or they act as ligands of estrogen receptors remain to be established. More clinical trials are necessary to know better their safety, efficacy, delivery and bioavailability in humans, as well as comparative studies with conventional therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Rodríguez
- Laboratorio "Dr. Fernando Cañas", Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Pabellón Argentina, 2do. Piso, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba. Argentina
| | - María Rivoira
- Laboratorio "Dr. Fernando Cañas", Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Pabellón Argentina, 2do. Piso, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba. Argentina
| | - Gabriela Picotto
- Laboratorio "Dr. Fernando Cañas", Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Pabellón Argentina, 2do. Piso, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba. Argentina
| | - Gabriela Díaz de Barboza
- Laboratorio "Dr. Fernando Cañas", Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Pabellón Argentina, 2do. Piso, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba. Argentina
| | - Alejandro Collin
- Laboratorio "Dr. Fernando Cañas", Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Pabellón Argentina, 2do. Piso, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba. Argentina
| | - Nori Tolosa de Talamoni
- Laboratorio "Dr. Fernando Cañas", Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Pabellón Argentina, 2do. Piso, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba. Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hofer SJ, Davinelli S, Bergmann M, Scapagnini G, Madeo F. Caloric Restriction Mimetics in Nutrition and Clinical Trials. Front Nutr 2021; 8:717343. [PMID: 34552954 PMCID: PMC8450594 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.717343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The human diet and dietary patterns are closely linked to the health status. High-calorie Western-style diets have increasingly come under scrutiny as their caloric load and composition contribute to the development of non-communicable diseases, such as diabetes, cancer, obesity, and cardiovascular disorders. On the other hand, calorie-reduced and health-promoting diets have shown promising results in maintaining health and reducing disease burden throughout aging. More recently, pharmacological Caloric Restriction Mimetics (CRMs) have gained interest of the public and scientific community as promising candidates that mimic some of the myriad of effects induced by caloric restriction. Importantly, many of the CRM candidates activate autophagy, prolong life- and healthspan in model organisms and ameliorate diverse disease symptoms without the need to cut calories. Among others, glycolytic inhibitors (e.g., D-allulose, D-glucosamine), hydroxycitric acid, NAD+ precursors, polyamines (e.g., spermidine), polyphenols (e.g., resveratrol, dimethoxychalcones, curcumin, EGCG, quercetin) and salicylic acid qualify as CRM candidates, which are naturally available via foods and beverages. However, it is yet unclear how these bioactive substances contribute to the benefits of healthy diets. In this review, we thus discuss dietary sources, availability and intake levels of dietary CRMs. Finally, since translational research on CRMs has entered the clinical stage, we provide a summary of their effects in clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian J. Hofer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sergio Davinelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Martina Bergmann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Frank Madeo
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Effects of Hormone Therapy and Flavonoids Capable on Reversal of Menopausal Immune Senescence. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072363. [PMID: 34371873 PMCID: PMC8308838 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Menopause, probably the most important natural change in a woman’s life and a major component of female senescence, is characterized, inter alia, by cessation of ovarian estrogen and progesterone production, resulting in a gradual deterioration of the female immune system. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is used in postmenopausal women to relieve some of the peri- and postmenopausal symptoms, while there is also evidence that the therapy may additionally partially reverse menopausal immune senescence. Flavonoids, and especially isoflavones, are widely used for the treatment of menopausal symptoms, although it is not at present clear whether they can reverse or alleviate other menopausal changes. HRT reverses the menopausal CD4/CD8 ratio and also limits the general peri- and postmenopausal inflammatory state. Moreover, the increased levels of interleukins (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-8, as well as of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) are decreased after the initiation of HRT. However, some reports show no effect of HRT on IL-4, IL-10, and IL-12. It is thus evident that the molecular pathways connecting HRT and female immune senescence need to be clarified. Interestingly, recent studies have suggested that the anti-inflammatory properties of isoflavones possibly interact with inflammatory cytokines when applied in menopause treatments, thereby potentially reversing immune senescence. This narrative review presents the latest data on the effect of menopausal therapies, including administration of flavonoid-rich products, on age-associated immune senescence reversal with the aim of revealing possible directions for future research and treatment development.
Collapse
|
21
|
Current Perspectives on the Beneficial Effects of Soybean Isoflavones and Their Metabolites for Humans. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071064. [PMID: 34209224 PMCID: PMC8301030 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybeans are rich in proteins and lipids and have become a staple part of the human diet. Besides their nutritional excellence, they have also been shown to contain various functional components, including isoflavones, and have consequently received increasing attention as a functional food item. Isoflavones are structurally similar to 17-β-estradiol and bind to estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ). The estrogenic activity of isoflavones ranges from a hundredth to a thousandth of that of estrogen itself. Isoflavones play a role in regulating the effects of estrogen in the human body, depending on the situation. Thus, when estrogen is insufficient, isoflavones perform the functions of estrogen, and when estrogen is excessive, isoflavones block the estrogen receptors to which estrogen binds, thus acting as an estrogen antagonist. In particular, estrogen antagonistic activity is important in the breast, endometrium, and prostate, and such antagonistic activity suppresses cancer occurrence. Genistein, an isoflavone, has cancer-suppressing effects on estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) cancers, including breast cancer. It suppresses the function of enzymes such as tyrosine protein kinase, mitogen-activated kinase, and DNA polymerase II, thus inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis. Genistein is the most biologically active and potent isoflavone candidate for cancer prevention. Furthermore, among the various physiological functions of isoflavones, they are best known for their antioxidant activities. S-Equol, a metabolite of genistein and daidzein, has strong antioxidative effects; however, the ability to metabolize daidzein into S-equol varies based on racial and individual differences. The antioxidant activity of isoflavones may be effective in preventing dementia by inhibiting the phosphorylation of Alzheimer's-related tau proteins. Genistein also reduces allergic responses by limiting the expression of mast cell IgE receptors, which are involved in allergic responses. In addition, they have been known to prevent and treat various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndromes, osteoporosis, diabetes, brain-related diseases, high blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and inflammation. Further, it also has positive effects on menstrual irregularity in non-menopausal women and relieving menopausal symptoms in middle-aged women. Recently, soybean consumption has shown steep increasing trend in Western countries where the intake was previously only 1/20-1/50 of that in Asian countries. In this review, I have dealt with the latest research trends that have shown substantial interest in the biological efficacy of isoflavones in humans and plants, and their related mechanisms.
Collapse
|
22
|
Li H, Cui QK, Li Z, Li J, Li F. Clinical observation of the effect of modified Ginseng-Schisandra decoction (MGSD) on trace elements and immune function in children with spleen deficiency syndrome after recurrent respiratory tract infection (RRTI): a randomized controlled trial. Transl Pediatr 2021; 10:1692-1700. [PMID: 34295784 PMCID: PMC8261592 DOI: 10.21037/tp-21-243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrent respiratory tract infection (RRTI) is common disease in childhood, and the incidence rate is increasing in China. The cause is complex, which is related to the physiological characteristics of children's respiratory system and the immature immune function, lack of trace elements and environmental pollution. Immunomodulators and antibiotics are often used to treat RRTI, but the clinical efficacy still needs to be improved. Chinese medicine has unique advantages in the treatment of RRTI. In the clinical treatment of RRTI, the authors often use modified Ginseng-Schisandra decoction (MGSD). In order to study the clinical effect of MGSD on serum trace elements and immune function in children with spleen deficiency syndrome after RRTI, we conducted this clinical observation. METHODS This is a single-center randomized trial with two parallel groups. Eighty children who developed spleen deficiency syndrome following RRTI were randomly and equally divided into a control group and an observation group. The control group was given Medilac-vita and the observation group was given MGSD. The participants, care givers, and those assessing the outcomes were blinded to group assignment. The treatment course was 4 weeks. Clinical efficacy, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome scores, humoral immunity, and trace element index values before and after treatment were compared between the two groups of children. RESULTS The trial was finished. The total effective rate of the observation group (n=40, 95%) was significantly higher than control group (n=40, 65%) (P<0.05). After treatment, the TCM syndrome scores of the two groups were reduced compared to those before treatment, while the serum immunoglobulin A and G levels were increased (P<0.05); however, the observation group had significantly lower TCM syndrome scores than the control group. Significant improvements in serum immunoglobulins (IgA and IgG) levels, T lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD4+, and CD4+/CD8+), and trace elements (Zn and Fe) indicators were observed in the observation group compared to the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The application of MGSD in the treatment of children with spleen deficiency syndrome after RRTI has a definite clinical effect. MGSD can effectively improve the immune function of the patients and the content of the trace elements iron and zinc, and thus has potential value for promotion and application. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2100047128.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Li
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Ke Cui
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhan Li
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feifei Li
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Strock NCA, Koltun KJ, Weaver C, De Souza MJ. Dried plum consumption improves bone mineral density in osteopenic postmenopausal woman: A case report. Bone Rep 2021; 14:101094. [PMID: 34095361 PMCID: PMC8166764 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2021.101094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of non-pharmacological alternatives to pharmacological interventions, e.g., nutritional therapy, to improve or maintain bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women has gained traction over the past decade, but limited data exist regarding its efficacy. The purpose of this case report was to compare changes in BMD of an osteopenic postmenopausal woman over the course of 28 months, including an abrupt change in diet. For the first 12 months, a participant assigned to the control arm of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) only took calcium and vitamin D3 supplements, but in the following 16 months after completing the RCT, she introduced and maintained daily consumption of 50 g of dried plums in addition to calcium and vitamin D3 supplements. This case report provides a unique opportunity to follow the trajectory of distinct changes in bone in response to one dietary modification.
Collapse
|
24
|
Słupski W, Jawień P, Nowak B. Botanicals in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051609. [PMID: 34064936 PMCID: PMC8151026 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a systemic bone disease characterized by reduced bone mass and the deterioration of bone microarchitecture leading to bone fragility and an increased risk of fractures. Conventional anti-osteoporotic pharmaceutics are effective in the treatment and prophylaxis of osteoporosis, however they are associated with various side effects that push many women into seeking botanicals as an alternative therapy. Traditional folk medicine is a rich source of bioactive compounds waiting for discovery and investigation that might be used in those patients, and therefore botanicals have recently received increasing attention. The aim of this review of literature is to present the comprehensive information about plant-derived compounds that might be used to maintain bone health in perimenopausal and postmenopausal females.
Collapse
|
25
|
Kauffman RP, Young C, Castracane VD. Perils of prolonged ovarian suppression and hypoestrogenism in the treatment of breast cancer: Is the risk of treatment worse than the risk of recurrence? Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 525:111181. [PMID: 33529690 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Premenopausal breast cancer is usually estrogen receptor positive, and hence, prolonged ovarian suppression by medical or surgical means to prevent recurrence has become standard of management to improve disease-free survival. Ten-year adjuvant tamoxifen therapy is associated with 3.5% fewer recurrences compared to five years. The SOFT trial demonstrated small but statistically significant incremental improvements in long-term disease-free survival by the addition of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog treatment (triptorelin) to an aromatase inhibitor (exemestane). Profound hypoestrogenism in the premenopausal age group may not be well tolerated due to a host of bothersome side effects (primarily vasomotor symptoms, musculoskeletal complaints, genitourinary syndrome of menopause, and mood disorders). Prolonged hypoestrogenism in younger women is associated with premature development of cardiovascular disease, bone loss, cognitive decline, and all-cause mortality. This paper explores multi-system consequences of prolonged hypoestrogenism in premenopausal women derived from studies of women with and without breast cancer. Pretreatment counseling in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer should emphasize the benefit of prolonged estrogen suppression on breast cancer recurrence and established risks of lifelong hypoestrogenism on quality of life and all-cause mortality. Future genomic research may help identify the best candidates for extended ovarian suppression to avoid treating many women when only a minority benefit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Kauffman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, 1400 S. Coulter Rd, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA.
| | - Christina Young
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, 1400 S. Coulter Rd, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
| | - V Daniel Castracane
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, 1400 S. Coulter Rd, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Messina M, Mejia SB, Cassidy A, Duncan A, Kurzer M, Nagato C, Ronis M, Rowland I, Sievenpiper J, Barnes S. Neither soyfoods nor isoflavones warrant classification as endocrine disruptors: a technical review of the observational and clinical data. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:5824-5885. [PMID: 33775173 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1895054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Soybeans are a rich source of isoflavones, which are classified as phytoestrogens. Despite numerous proposed benefits, isoflavones are often classified as endocrine disruptors, based primarily on animal studies. However, there are ample human data regarding the health effects of isoflavones. We conducted a technical review, systematically searching Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library (from inception through January 2021). We included clinical studies, observational studies, and systematic reviews and meta-analyses (SRMA) that examined the relationship between soy and/or isoflavone intake and endocrine-related endpoints. 417 reports (229 observational studies, 157 clinical studies and 32 SRMAs) met our eligibility criteria. The available evidence indicates that isoflavone intake does not adversely affect thyroid function. Adverse effects are also not seen on breast or endometrial tissue or estrogen levels in women, or testosterone or estrogen levels, or sperm or semen parameters in men. Although menstrual cycle length may be slightly increased, ovulation is not prevented. Limited insight could be gained about possible impacts of in utero isoflavone exposure, but the existing data are reassuring. Adverse effects of isoflavone intake were not identified in children, but limited research has been conducted. After extensive review, the evidence does not support classifying isoflavones as endocrine disruptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Messina
- Department of Nutrition, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Sonia Blanco Mejia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Aedin Cassidy
- Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Alison Duncan
- College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Mindy Kurzer
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Chisato Nagato
- Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Martin Ronis
- Health Sciences Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Baton Rouge, New Orleans, USA
| | - Ian Rowland
- Human Nutrition, University of Reading, Reading, England, UK
| | | | - Stephen Barnes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama, Alabama, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Nutrition influences skeletal health throughout the lifespan, from the impact of maternal intakes during development, through the development of peak bone mass, to the rate of bone loss during aging. However, there are limited data available on the effects of nutritional supplements on bone density, let alone fracture risk. This review will assess the current literature, focusing on human studies, and emphasizing nutrients where bone density or fracture data are available. RECENT FINDINGS Calcium and vitamin D supplements, in combination, reduce fracture risk, particularly in populations with low intakes. Extensive recent analyses have supported the safety of these interventions at recommended intakes. There is growing evidence that specific isoflavones may improve bone density although fracture data are lacking. Multiple other nutrient supplements may benefit skeletal health, but data are limited. The effect size of nutrient interventions are relatively small, requiring large sample sizes for trials with bone outcomes, may be difficult to blind, and the impact of supplementation may depend on baseline intake. However, nutrition is the only intervention that can be implemented life long and on a population wide basis. Further investigation is needed into the potential benefits of nutritional supplements to determine in which settings supplements may add benefit in addition to dietary intakes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laila S Tabatabai
- Division of Endocrinology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Deborah E Sellmeyer
- Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology, and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Room S025, Palo Alto, Stanford, CA, 94305-5103, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gómez-Zorita S, González-Arceo M, Fernández-Quintela A, Eseberri I, Trepiana J, Portillo MP. Scientific Evidence Supporting the Beneficial Effects of Isoflavones on Human Health. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123853. [PMID: 33348600 PMCID: PMC7766685 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoflavones are phenolic compounds with a chemical structure similar to that of estradiol. They are present in several vegetables, mainly in legumes such as soy, white and red clover, alfalfa and beans. The most significant food source of isoflavones in humans is soy-derived products. Isoflavones could be used as an alternative therapy for pathologies dependent on hormonal disorders such as breast and prostate cancer, cardiovascular diseases, as well as to minimize menopausal symptoms. According to the results gathered in the present review, it can be stated that there is scientific evidence showing the beneficial effect of isoflavones on bone health and thus in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis on postmenopausal women, although the results do not seem entirely conclusive as there are discrepancies among the studies, probably related to their experimental designs. For this reason, the results should be interpreted with caution, and more randomized clinical trials are required. By contrast, it seems that soy isoflavones do not lead to a meaningful protective effect on cardiovascular risk. Regarding cancer, scientific evidence suggests that isoflavones could be useful in reducing the risk of suffering some types of cancer, such as breast and endometrial cancer, but further studies are needed to confirm these results. Finally, isoflavones could be useful in reducing hot flushes associated with menopause. However, a limitation in this field is that there is still a great heterogeneity among studies. Lastly, with regard to isoflavone consumption safety, it seems that they are safe and that the most common adverse effect is mild and occurs at the gastrointestinal level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saioa Gómez-Zorita
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria, Spain; (S.G.-Z.); (M.G.-A.); (A.F.-Q.); (M.P.P.)
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, 01002 Vitoria, Spain
| | - Maitane González-Arceo
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria, Spain; (S.G.-Z.); (M.G.-A.); (A.F.-Q.); (M.P.P.)
| | - Alfredo Fernández-Quintela
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria, Spain; (S.G.-Z.); (M.G.-A.); (A.F.-Q.); (M.P.P.)
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, 01002 Vitoria, Spain
| | - Itziar Eseberri
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria, Spain; (S.G.-Z.); (M.G.-A.); (A.F.-Q.); (M.P.P.)
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, 01002 Vitoria, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.E.); (J.T.)
| | - Jenifer Trepiana
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria, Spain; (S.G.-Z.); (M.G.-A.); (A.F.-Q.); (M.P.P.)
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, 01002 Vitoria, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.E.); (J.T.)
| | - María Puy Portillo
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria, Spain; (S.G.-Z.); (M.G.-A.); (A.F.-Q.); (M.P.P.)
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, 01002 Vitoria, Spain
| |
Collapse
|