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Qing TL, Yan L, Wang SK, Dai XY, Ren LJ, Zhang JQZ, Shi WJ, Zhang XF, Wang MT, Chen JK, Zhu JB. Celastrol alleviates oxidative stress induced by multi-walled carbon nanotubes through the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 252:114623. [PMID: 36774793 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) mainly induce oxidative stress through the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can lead to cytotoxicity. Celastrol, a plant-derived compound, can exert antioxidant effects by reducing ROS production. Our results indicated that exposure to MWCNTs decreased cell viability and increased ROS production. Nrf2 knockdown (kd) led to increased ROS production and enhanced MWCNT-induced cytotoxicity. Keap1-kd led to decreased ROS production and attenuated cytotoxicity. Treatment with celastrol significantly decreased ROS production and promoted Keap1 protein degradation through the lysosomal pathway, thereby enhancing the translocation of Nrf2 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and increasing HO-1 expression. The in vivo results showed that celastrol could alleviate the inflammatory damage of lung tissues, increase the levels of the antioxidants, GSH and SOD, as well as promote the expression of the antioxidant protein, HO-1 in MWCNT-treated mice. Celastrol can alleviate MWCNT-induced oxidative stress through the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao-Lin Qing
- Department of Health Toxicology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lang Yan
- Department of Health Toxicology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shao-Kang Wang
- Department of Emergency, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Dai
- Department of Health Toxicology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Li-Jun Ren
- Department of Health Toxicology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ji-Qian-Zhu Zhang
- Department of Health Toxicology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wen-Jing Shi
- Department of Health Toxicology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Zhang
- Department of Health Toxicology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Mei-Tang Wang
- Department of Emergency, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ji-Kuai Chen
- Department of Health Toxicology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Jiang-Bo Zhu
- Department of Health Toxicology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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2
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Conklin B, Conley BM, Hou Y, Chen M, Lee KB. Advanced theragnostics for the central nervous system (CNS) and neurological disorders using functional inorganic nanomaterials. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 192:114636. [PMID: 36481291 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Various types of inorganic nanomaterials are capable of diagnostic biomarker detection and the therapeutic delivery of a disease or inflammatory modulating agent. Those multi-functional nanomaterials have been utilized to treat neurodegenerative diseases and central nervous system (CNS) injuries in an effective and personalized manner. Even though many nanomaterials can deliver a payload and detect a biomarker of interest, only a few studies have yet to fully utilize this combined strategy to its full potential. Combining a nanomaterial's ability to facilitate targeted delivery, promote cellular proliferation and differentiation, and carry a large amount of material with various sensing approaches makes it possible to diagnose a patient selectively and sensitively while offering preventative measures or early disease-modifying strategies. By tuning the properties of an inorganic nanomaterial, the dimensionality, hydrophilicity, size, charge, shape, surface chemistry, and many other chemical and physical parameters, different types of cells in the central nervous system can be monitored, modulated, or further studies to elucidate underlying disease mechanisms. Scientists and clinicians have better understood the underlying processes of pathologies for many neurologically related diseases and injuries by implementing multi-dimensional 0D, 1D, and 2D theragnostic nanomaterials. The incorporation of nanomaterials has allowed scientists to better understand how to detect and treat these conditions at an early stage. To this end, having the multi-modal ability to both sense and treat ailments of the central nervous system can lead to favorable outcomes for patients suffering from such injuries and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Conklin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers-the State University of New Jersey, 123, Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Brian M Conley
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers-the State University of New Jersey, 123, Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Yannan Hou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers-the State University of New Jersey, 123, Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Meizi Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers-the State University of New Jersey, 123, Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ki-Bum Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers-the State University of New Jersey, 123, Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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Pu Z, Wei Y, Sun Y, Wang Y, Zhu S. Carbon Nanotubes as Carriers in Drug Delivery for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Mechanistic Analysis of Their Carcinogenic Potential, Safety Profiling and Identification of Biomarkers. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:6157-6180. [PMID: 36523423 PMCID: PMC9744892 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s384592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a global burden leading to millions of deaths worldwide every year. Nanomedicine refers to the use of materials at the nanoscale for drug delivery and subsequent therapeutic approaches in cancer. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are widely used as nanocarriers for therapeutic molecules such as plasmids, siRNAs, antisense agents, aptamers and molecules related to the immunotherapy for several cancers. They are usually functionalized and loaded with standard drug molecules to improve their therapeutic efficiency. Functionalization and drug loading possibly decrease the genotoxic and carcinogenic potential of CNTs. In addition, the targeted cytotoxic properties of the drug improve and undesired toxicity decreases after drug loading and/or conjugation with proteins, including antibodies. For intended drug delivery, a lysosomal pH of 5.5 is more suitable and effective for the slow and extended release of cytotoxic drugs than a physiological of pH 7.4. Remarkably, CNTs possess intrinsic antitumor properties and are usually internalized by endocytosis. After being internalized, several mechanisms are involved in the therapeutic and carcinogenic effects of CNTs. They are generally safe for therapy, and their toxicity profile remains dependent on their physicochemical properties. Moreover, the dose, route, duration of exposure, surface properties and degradative potential determine the toxicity outcomes of CNTs locally or systemically. In summary, the use of CNTs in drug delivery and NSCLC therapy, as well as their genotoxic and carcinogenic potential and the possible mechanisms, has been discussed in this review. The therapeutic index is generally high for NSCLC cells treated with drug-loaded CNTs; therefore, they are effective carriers in implementing targeted therapy for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjian Pu
- Department of Oncology, Haian Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Haian, 216600, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yujia Wei
- School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People’s Republic of China
- Department of General Practice, Suzhou Wuzhong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, 215101, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanpeng Sun
- Department of Oncology, Haian Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Haian, 216600, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yajun Wang
- Department of Oncology, Haian Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Haian, 216600, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shilin Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Haian Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Haian, 216600, People’s Republic of China
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4
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Dong J, Wang W, Zhou W, Zhang S, Li M, Li N, Pan G, Zhang X, Bai J, Zhu C. Immunomodulatory biomaterials for implant-associated infections: from conventional to advanced therapeutic strategies. Biomater Res 2022; 26:72. [PMID: 36471454 PMCID: PMC9721013 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-022-00326-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Implant-associated infection (IAI) is increasingly emerging as a serious threat with the massive application of biomaterials. Bacteria attached to the surface of implants are often difficult to remove and exhibit high resistance to bactericides. In the quest for novel antimicrobial strategies, conventional antimicrobial materials often fail to exert their function because they tend to focus on direct bactericidal activity while neglecting the modulation of immune systems. The inflammatory response induced by host immune cells was thought to be a detrimental force impeding wound healing. However, the immune system has recently received increasing attention as a vital player in the host's defense against infection. Anti-infective strategies based on the modulation of host immune defenses are emerging as a field of interest. This review explains the importance of the immune system in combating infections and describes current advanced immune-enhanced anti-infection strategies. First, the characteristics of traditional/conventional implant biomaterials and the reasons for the difficulty of bacterial clearance in IAI were reviewed. Second, the importance of immune cells in the battle against bacteria is elucidated. Then, we discuss how to design biomaterials that activate the defense function of immune cells to enhance the antimicrobial potential. Based on the key premise of restoring proper host-protective immunity, varying advanced immune-enhanced antimicrobial strategies were discussed. Finally, current issues and perspectives in this field were offered. This review will provide scientific guidance to enhance the development of advanced anti-infective biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Dong
- grid.411395.b0000 0004 1757 0085Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Provincial Hospital, 230001 Hefei, Anhui P. R. China
| | - Wenzhi Wang
- grid.411395.b0000 0004 1757 0085Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Provincial Hospital, 230001 Hefei, Anhui P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhou
- grid.411395.b0000 0004 1757 0085Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Provincial Hospital, 230001 Hefei, Anhui P. R. China
| | - Siming Zhang
- grid.411395.b0000 0004 1757 0085Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Provincial Hospital, 230001 Hefei, Anhui P. R. China
| | - Meng Li
- grid.411395.b0000 0004 1757 0085Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Provincial Hospital, 230001 Hefei, Anhui P. R. China ,grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694Medical College, Soochow University, 215006 Suzhou, Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Ning Li
- grid.411395.b0000 0004 1757 0085Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Provincial Hospital, 230001 Hefei, Anhui P. R. China
| | - Guoqing Pan
- grid.440785.a0000 0001 0743 511XInstitute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013 Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xianzuo Zhang
- grid.411395.b0000 0004 1757 0085Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Provincial Hospital, 230001 Hefei, Anhui P. R. China
| | - Jiaxiang Bai
- grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694Medical College, Soochow University, 215006 Suzhou, Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Chen Zhu
- grid.411395.b0000 0004 1757 0085Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Provincial Hospital, 230001 Hefei, Anhui P. R. China
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5
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Yue Z, Zhou R, Li Q, Ouyang S, Liu L, Zhou Q. Pulmonary Fibrosis Induced by CdSe Nanorods and the Therapy with Modified Procyanidinere. TOXICS 2022; 10:673. [PMID: 36355964 PMCID: PMC9693992 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10110673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The CdSe nanorod as a one-dimensional nanostructure has an excellent performance in many fields, such as healthcare, new energy, and environmental protection. Thus, it is crucial to investigate its potential adverse health effects prior to their wide exposure. The lung tissue would be the main target organ after CdSe nanorods enter living systems. Here, we showed that pulmonary instillation of CdSe nanorods could decrease the vitality of T-SOD and T-AOC in lung tissues of a rat, increase MDA and hydroxyproline levels and lipid peroxidation products, induce mitochondrial cristae breakage and vacuolization, cause inflammatory responses, and finally induce pulmonary fibrosis. The oral administration of modified procyanidinere could significantly increase the content of antioxidant enzymes, scavenge free radicals, reduce lipid peroxidation, and have protective effects on CdSe nanorods-induced pulmonary fibrosis. The benefit is not only in the early inflammatory stage but also in the later stages of the CdSe nanorods-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongkai Yue
- Laboratory of Environmental Protection in Water Transport Engineering, Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport Engineering, Ministry of Transport of the People’s Republic of China, Tianjin 300456, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ruiren Zhou
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2117, USA
| | - Qingzhao Li
- Preventive Medicine Department and Department of Biological Science, Hebei United University, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Shaohu Ouyang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qixing Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Bommakanti V, Banerjee M, Shah D, Manisha K, Sri K, Banerjee S. An overview of synthesis, characterization, applications and associated adverse effects of bioactive nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:113919. [PMID: 35863448 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A particle with a diameter ranging from 1 to 100 nm is considered a nanoparticle (NP). Owing to their small size and high surface area, NPs possess unique physical, chemical and biological properties as compared to their bulkier counterparts. This paper describes various physico-chemical as well as green methods that can be used to synthesize different types of NPs including carbon-based, ceramic, metal, semiconductor, polymeric and lipid-based NPs. These methods can be categorized into either top-down or bottom-up approaches. Electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, dynamic light scattering, X-ray diffraction, zeta-potential instrument, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis are the techniques discussed in the characterization of NPs. This review provides an insight into the extraordinary properties of NPs that have opened the doors for endless biomedical applications like drug delivery, photo-ablation therapy, biosensors, bio-imaging and hyperthermia. In addition, NPs are also involved in improving crop growth, making protective clothing, cosmetics and energy reserves. This review also specifies adverse health effects associated with NPs such as hepatotoxicity, genotoxicity, neurotoxicity, etc., and inhibitory effects on plant growth and aquatic life. Further, in-vitro toxicity assessment assays for cell proliferation, apoptosis, necrosis and oxidative stress, as well as in-vivo toxicity assessment like biodistribution, clearance, hematological, serological and histological studies, are discussed here. Lastly, the authors have mentioned various measures that can be adopted to minimize the toxicity associated with NPs such as green synthesis, use of stabilizers, gene gun, polymer shell, microneedle capsule, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishnavi Bommakanti
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Madhura Banerjee
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Divik Shah
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kowdi Manisha
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kavya Sri
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Satarupa Banerjee
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Tsunematsu T, Arakaki R, Sato M, Saito M, Otsuka K, Furukawa Y, Taquahashi Y, Kanno J, Ishimaru N. Exposure to Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes Promotes Fibrous Proliferation by Production of Matrix Metalloproteinase-12 via NF-κB Activation in Chronic Peritonitis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 192:1559-1572. [PMID: 35963465 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The toxicologic effects of nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), on the immune system are understood well. However, the precise relationship between long-term exposure to CNTs and chronic inflammation remains unclear. In this study, a mouse model of chronic peritonitis was established using i.p. injection of multiwalled CNTs treated by the Taquann method with high dispersion efficiency. Chronic peritonitis with fibrosis was observed in Taquann-treated multiwalled CNT (T-CNT)-injected mice, but not in Taquann-treated titanium dioxide-injected mice. In vivo and in vitro experiments showed that matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12) of macrophages was up-regulated by T-CNT to enhance fibroblast activation and profibrotic molecule expression in fibroblasts. In addition, T-CNT-induced peritonitis reduced MMP-12 expression in Nfκb1-/- mice, suggesting that MMP-12-producing macrophages play a key role in chronic inflammation due to T-CNT exposure through NF-κB activation. The results of this study could be helpful in understanding the molecular toxicity of nanomaterial and chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Tsunematsu
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Rieko Arakaki
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Mami Sato
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masako Saito
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Otsuka
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yusuke Furukawa
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Biological Safety Research Center, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yuhji Taquahashi
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Biological Safety Research Center, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Jun Kanno
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Biological Safety Research Center, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Naozumi Ishimaru
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan.
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Assessing the NLRP3 Inflammasome Activating Potential of a Large Panel of Micro- and Nanoplastics in THP-1 Cells. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081095. [PMID: 36008988 PMCID: PMC9406042 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the ubiquity of environmental micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs), inhalation and ingestion by humans is very likely, but human health effects remain largely unknown. The NLRP3 inflammasome is a key player of the innate immune system and is involved in responses towards foreign particulate matter and the development of chronic intestinal and respiratory inflammatory diseases. We established NLRP3-proficient and -deficient THP-1 cells as an alternative in vitro screening tool to assess the potential of MNPs to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome. By investigating cytokine release (IL-1β and IL-8) and cytotoxicity after treatment with engineered nanomaterials, this in vitro approach was compared to earlier published ex vivo murine bone marrow-derived macrophages and in vivo data. This approach showed a strong correlation with previously published data, verifying that THP-1 cells are a suitable model to investigate NLRP3 inflammasome activation. We then investigated the proinflammatory potential of eight MNPs of different size, shape, and chemical composition. Only amine-modified polystyrene (PS-NH2) acted as a direct NLRP3 activator. However, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), and nylon (PA6) induced a significant increase in IL-8 release in NLRP3−/− cells. Our results suggest that most MNPs are not direct activators of the NLRP3 inflammasome, but specific MNP types might still possess pro-inflammatory potential via other pathways.
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Yao Y, Tang M. Advances in endocrine toxicity of nanomaterials and mechanism in hormone secretion disorders. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 42:1098-1120. [PMID: 34935166 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The size of nanoparticles is about 1-100 nm. People are exposed to nanoparticles in environmental pollutants from ancient times to the present. With the maturity of nanotechnology in the past two decades, the production of manufactured nanomaterials is rapidly increasing and they are used in a wide range of aerospace, medicine, food, and industrial applications. However, both natural and manufactured nanomaterials have been proved to pose a threat to diverse organs and systems. The endocrine system is critical to maintaining homeostasis. Endocrine disorders are associated with many diseases, including cancer, reduced fertility, and metabolic diseases. Therefore, we review the literatures dealing with the endocrine toxicity of nanomaterial. This review provides an exhaustive description of toxic effects of several common nanomaterials in the endocrine system; more involved are reproductive endocrinology. Then physicochemical factors that determine the endocrine toxicity of nanomaterials are discussed. Furthermore, oxidative stress, changes in steroid production and metabolic enzymes, organelle disruption, and alterations in signal pathways are introduced as potential mechanisms that may cause changes in hormone levels. Finally, we suggest that a risk assessment of endocrine toxicity based on standard procedures and consideration of endocrine disrupting effects of nanomaterials in the field and its environmental and population effects could be future research directions for endocrine toxicity of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongshuai Yao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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10
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Khorsandi Z, Borjian-Boroujeni M, Yekani R, Varma RS. Carbon nanomaterials with chitosan: A winning combination for drug delivery systems. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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11
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Awogbindin IO, Maduako IC, Adedara IA, Owumi SE, Ajeleti AO, Owoeye O, Patlolla AK, Tchounwou PB, Farombi EO. Kolaviron ameliorates hepatic and renal dysfunction associated with multiwalled carbon nanotubes in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:67-76. [PMID: 32856799 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The increase in the exposure to carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and their incorporation into industrial, electronic, and biomedical products have required several scientific investigations into the toxicity associated with CNTs. Studies have shown that the metabolism and clearance of multiwalled CNTs (MWCNTs) from the body involve biotransformation in the liver and its excretion via the kidney. Since oxidative stress and inflammation underlines the toxicity of MWCNT, we investigated the ameliorative effect of kolaviron (KV), a natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, on hepatorenal damage in rats. Exposure to MWCNTs for 15 days significantly increased serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase thereby suggesting hepatic dysfunction. Kidney function, which was monitored by urea and creatinine levels, was also impaired by MWCNTs. Additionally, MWCNTs markedly increased myeloperoxidase activity, nitric oxide level, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, and tumor necrosis factor level in both tissues. However, KV in a dose-dependent manner markedly attenuated MWCNT-induced markers of hepatorenal function in the serum and MWCNT-associated inflammation in the liver and kidney. Also, MWCNTs elicited significant inhibition of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione-S-transferase activities. There was a significant diminution in glutathione level (GSH) and enhanced production of malondialdehyde (MDA) in MWCNTs-exposed rats. KV treatment was able to significantly increase the antioxidant enzymes and enhance the GSH level with a subsequent reduction in the MDA level. Taken together, KV elicited ameliorative effects against hepatorenal damage via its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Thus, KV could be an important intervention strategy for the hepatorenal damage associated with MWCNTs exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifeoluwa O Awogbindin
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ikenna C Maduako
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Isaac A Adedara
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Solomon E Owumi
- Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Akinola O Ajeleti
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria
| | - Olatunde Owoeye
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Anita K Patlolla
- College of Science Engineering and Technology, NIH-RCMI Center for Environmental Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Paul B Tchounwou
- College of Science Engineering and Technology, NIH-RCMI Center for Environmental Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Ebenezer O Farombi
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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12
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Saleemi MA, Hosseini Fouladi M, Yong PVC, Chinna K, Palanisamy NK, Wong EH. Toxicity of Carbon Nanotubes: Molecular Mechanisms, Signaling Cascades, and Remedies in Biomedical Applications. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 34:24-46. [PMID: 33319996 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are the most studied allotropic form of carbon. They can be used in various biomedical applications due to their novel physicochemical properties. In particular, the small size of CNTs, with a large surface area per unit volume, has a considerable impact on their toxicity. Despite of the use of CNTs in various applications, toxicity is a big problem that requires more research. In this Review, we discuss the toxicity of CNTs and the associated mechanisms. Physicochemical factors, such as metal impurities, length, size, solubilizing agents, CNTs functionalization, and agglomeration, that may lead to oxidative stress, toxic signaling pathways, and potential ways to control these mechanisms are also discussed. Moreover, with the latest mechanistic evidence described in this Review, we expect to give new insights into CNTs' toxicological effects at the molecular level and provide new clues for the mitigation of harmful effects emerging from exposure to CNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansab Ali Saleemi
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Hosseini Fouladi
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Innovation and Technology, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Phelim Voon Chen Yong
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Karuthan Chinna
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Navindra Kumari Palanisamy
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh Campus, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Eng Hwa Wong
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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13
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Rezazadeh Azari M, Mohammadian Y. Comparing in vitro cytotoxicity of graphite, short multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and long multi-walled carbon nanotubes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:15401-15406. [PMID: 32077025 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08036-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Occupational and environmental exposures to carbon-based materials in nano- and micro-size have been reported. There is incomplete information on the impact of size on the toxicity of carbon-based materials. The objective of this study is to compare the toxicity of graphite, short multi-walled carbon nanotubes (S-MWCNTs), and long multi-walled carbon nanotubes (L-MWCNTs) in lung cells (A 549). The physicochemical properties of MWCNTs were determined using analytical instruments. The fibers of MWCNTs were dispersed in the sterile-filtered 0.05% bovine serum albumin in MilliQ water. Cytotoxicity of graphite and MWCNTs were assessed using the cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and lipid peroxidation experiments. Results showed that MWCNTs induced cytotoxicity through the generation of oxidative stress in the exposed lung cells. Mean cytotoxicity of S-MWCNTs was statistically more than that of L-MWCNTs. The graphite induced cytotoxicity only at high concentrations. The mean cytotoxicity of both S-MWCNTs and L-MWCNTs was statistically more than that of graphite. The results also indicated that oxidative stress was the probable toxicity mechanism of carbon-based materials. The decreasing size of carbon-based materials could increase their toxicity. Because of the toxicity of MWCNTs, it is imperative to consider health and safety issues in working with nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Rezazadeh Azari
- School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Mohammadian
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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14
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Barosova H, Maione AG, Septiadi D, Sharma M, Haeni L, Balog S, O'Connell O, Jackson GR, Brown D, Clippinger AJ, Hayden P, Petri-Fink A, Stone V, Rothen-Rutishauser B. Use of EpiAlveolar Lung Model to Predict Fibrotic Potential of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes. ACS NANO 2020; 14:3941-3956. [PMID: 32167743 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b06860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Expansion in production and commercial use of nanomaterials increases the potential human exposure during the lifecycle of these materials (production, use, and disposal). Inhalation is a primary route of exposure to nanomaterials; therefore it is critical to assess their potential respiratory hazard. Herein, we developed a three-dimensional alveolar model (EpiAlveolar) consisting of human primary alveolar epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells, with or without macrophages for predicting long-term responses to aerosols. Following thorough characterization of the model, proinflammatory and profibrotic responses based on the adverse outcome pathway concept for lung fibrosis were assessed upon repeated subchronic exposures (up to 21 days) to two types of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and silica quartz particles. We simulate occupational exposure doses for the MWCNTs (1-30 μg/cm2) using an air-liquid interface exposure device (VITROCELL Cloud) with repeated exposures over 3 weeks. Specific key events leading to lung fibrosis, such as barrier integrity and release of proinflammatory and profibrotic markers, show the responsiveness of the model. Nanocyl induced, in general, a less pronounced reaction than Mitsui-7, and the cultures with human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) showed the proinflammatory response at later time points than those without MDMs. In conclusion, we present a robust alveolar model to predict inflammatory and fibrotic responses upon exposure to MWCNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Barosova
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Anna G Maione
- MatTek Corporation, 200 Homer Avenue, Ashland, Massachusetts 01721, United States
| | - Dedy Septiadi
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Monita Sharma
- PETA International Science Consortium Ltd., 8 All Saints Street, London N1 9RL, U.K
| | - Laetitia Haeni
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Sandor Balog
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Olivia O'Connell
- MatTek Corporation, 200 Homer Avenue, Ashland, Massachusetts 01721, United States
| | - George R Jackson
- MatTek Corporation, 200 Homer Avenue, Ashland, Massachusetts 01721, United States
| | - David Brown
- Nano-Safety Research Group, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Amy J Clippinger
- PETA International Science Consortium Ltd., 8 All Saints Street, London N1 9RL, U.K
| | - Patrick Hayden
- MatTek Corporation, 200 Homer Avenue, Ashland, Massachusetts 01721, United States
- BioSurfaces, Inc., 200 Homer Ave, Ashland, Massachusetts 01721, United States
| | - Alke Petri-Fink
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Vicki Stone
- Nano-Safety Research Group, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
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15
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Zheng L, Kulkarni P. Real-Time Measurement of Airborne Carbon Nanotubes in Workplace Atmospheres. Anal Chem 2019; 91:12713-12723. [PMID: 31502830 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
With growing applications of carbon nanomaterials, there is a concern over health risks presented by inhalation of carbon nanotube (CNT) aerosol in workplace atmospheres. Current methods used for CNT aerosol measurement lack selectivity to specific form of carbonaceous component or allotrope of interest. Moreover, the detection limits of these methods are also inadequate for short-term monitoring. Here, we describe, for the first time, a near real-time, field-portable instrument for selective quantification of airborne CNT concentration. The approach uses an automated cyclical scheme involving collect-analyze-ablate steps to obtain continuous near real-time measurement using Raman spectroscopy. The method achieves significantly lower detection limits by employing corona-assisted particle microconcentration for efficient coupling with laser Raman spectroscopy. A combination of techniques involving (i) use of characteristic Raman peaks, (ii) distinct ratio of disordered and graphitic peaks, and (iii) principal component classification and regression is employed to identify and quantify the specific form of the aerosolized carbonaceous nanomaterial. We show that the approach is capable of selectively quantifying trace single-walled CNT in the presence of interfering agents such as diesel particulate matter. The detection limit of the method for the single-walled CNT studied in this work was 60 ng m-3, corresponding to a 10 min aerosol collection period, which is significantly lower than that for the NIOSH Method 5040 (∼0.15 μg m-3 for an 8-h collection on a 25 mm filter at 4 L min-1), a commonly used method for elemental carbon. We demonstrate the automated real-time capability of this field-portable method by continuously measuring a transient single-walled CNT aerosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Zheng
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Cincinnati , Ohio 45226 , United States
| | - Pramod Kulkarni
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Cincinnati , Ohio 45226 , United States
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16
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Cui X, Wan B, Yang Y, Xin Y, Xie YC, Guo LH, Mantell LL. Carbon Nanomaterials Stimulate HMGB1 Release From Macrophages and Induce Cell Migration and Invasion. Toxicol Sci 2019; 172:398-410. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) are widely used in industrial and medical sectors. The increasing exposure of CNMs necessitates the studies of their potential environmental and health effects. High-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear DNA-binding protein, but when released from cells, may cause sustained inflammatory response and promote cell migration and invasion. In this work, we found that 7-day exposure of 2.5 mg/kg/day CNMs, including C60, single-walled carbon nanotubes, and graphene oxides significantly elevated the level of HMGB1 in blood and lung lavage fluids in C57BL/6 mice. Subsequently, cellular effects and underlying mechanism were explored by using Raw264.7. The results showed that noncytotoxic CNMs enhanced HMGB1 intracellular translocation and release via activating P2X7 receptor. Released HMGB1 further activated receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) and downstream signaling pathway by upregulating RAGE and Rac1 expression. Simultaneously, CNMs prepared the cells for migration and invasion by modulating MMP2 and TIMP2 gene expression as well as cytoskeleton reorganization. Intriguingly, released HMGB1 from macrophages promoted the migration of nearby lung cancer cell, which can be efficiently inhibited by neutralizing antibodies against HMGB1 and RAGE. Taken together, our work demonstrated that CNMs stimulated HMGB1 release and cell migration/invasion through P2X7R-HMGB1-RAGE pathway. The revealed mechanisms might facilitate a better understanding on the inflammatory property and subsequent cell functional alteration of CNMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bin Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yan Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi-Chun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liang-Hong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lin L Mantell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University College of Pharmacy, Queens, NY 11439
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Lynch JA, Birch QT, Ridgway TH, Birch ME. Quantification of Carbon Nanotubes by Raman Analysis. Ann Work Expo Health 2019; 62:604-612. [PMID: 29718067 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxy016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in manufacturing and research environments, together with the potential exposure risks, necessitates development of reliable and accurate monitoring methods for these materials. We examined quantification of CNTs by two distinct methods based on Raman spectroscopy. First, as measured by the Raman peak intensity of aqueous CNT suspensions, and second, by Raman mapping of air filter surfaces onto which CNTs were collected as aerosols or applied as small-area (0.05 cm2) deposits. Correlation (R2 = 0.97) between CNT concentration and Raman scattering intensity for suspensions in cuvettes was found over a concentration range from about 2 to 10 µg/ml, but measurement variance precludes practical determination of a calibration curve. Raman mapping of aerosol sample filter surfaces shows correlation with CNT mass when the surface density is relatively high (R2 = 0.83 and 0.95 above about 5 µg total mass on filter), while heterogeneity of CNT deposition makes obtaining representative maps of lower density samples difficult. This difficulty can be mitigated by increasing the area mapped relative to the total sample area, improving both precision and the limit of detection (LOD). For small-area deposits, detection of low masses relevant to occupational monitoring can be achieved, with an estimated LOD of about 50 ng.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Lynch
- Division of Applied Research and Technology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Quinn T Birch
- Division of Applied Research and Technology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Thomas H Ridgway
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - M Eileen Birch
- Division of Applied Research and Technology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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18
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Gaté L, Knudsen KB, Seidel C, Berthing T, Chézeau L, Jacobsen NR, Valentino S, Wallin H, Bau S, Wolff H, Sébillaud S, Lorcin M, Grossmann S, Viton S, Nunge H, Darne C, Vogel U, Cosnier F. Pulmonary toxicity of two different multi-walled carbon nanotubes in rat: Comparison between intratracheal instillation and inhalation exposure. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 375:17-31. [PMID: 31075343 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), which vary in length, diameter, functionalization and specific surface area, are used in diverse industrial processes. Since these nanomaterials have a high aspect ratio and are biopersistant in the lung, there is a need for a rapid identification of their potential health hazard. We assessed in Sprague-Dawley rats the pulmonary toxicity of two pristine MWCNTs (the "long and thick" NM-401 and the "short and thin" NM-403) following either intratracheal instillation or 4-week inhalation in order to gain insights into the predictability and intercomparability of the two methods. The deposited doses following inhalation were lower than the instilled doses. Both types of carbon nanotube induced pulmonary neutrophil influx using both exposure methods. This influx correlated with deposited surface area across MWCNT types and means of exposure at two different time points, 1-3 days and 28-30 days post-exposure. Increased levels of DNA damage were observed across doses and time points for both exposure methods, but no dose-response relationship was observed. Intratracheal instillation of NM-401 induced fibrosis at the highest dose while lower lung deposited doses obtained by inhalation did not induce such lung pathology. No fibrosis was observed following NM-403 exposure. When the deposited dose was taken into account, sub-acute inhalation and a single instillation of NM-401 and NM-403 produced very similar inflammation and DNA damage responses. Our data suggest that the dose-dependent inflammatory responses observed after intratracheal instillation and inhalation of MWCNTs are similar and were predicted by the deposited surface area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Gaté
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, F-54519 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France.
| | | | - Carole Seidel
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, F-54519 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France.
| | - Trine Berthing
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Laëtitia Chézeau
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, F-54519 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | | | - Sarah Valentino
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, F-54519 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France.
| | - Håkan Wallin
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Sébastien Bau
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, F-54519 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France.
| | - Henrik Wolff
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, FI-00251 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Sylvie Sébillaud
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, F-54519 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France.
| | - Mylène Lorcin
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, F-54519 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France.
| | - Stéphane Grossmann
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, F-54519 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France.
| | - Stéphane Viton
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, F-54519 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France.
| | - Hervé Nunge
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, F-54519 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France.
| | - Christian Darne
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, F-54519 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France.
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department for Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Frédéric Cosnier
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, F-54519 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France.
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Lotfipanah S, Zeinali M, Yaghmaei P. Induction of caspase-2 gene expression in carboxyl-functionalized carbon nanotube-treated human T-cell leukemia (Jurkat) cell line. Drug Chem Toxicol 2019; 44:394-399. [PMID: 31060401 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2019.1609025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have great potential as novel diagnostic or therapeutic tools in biomedicine but, cellular toxicity must be well considered before widespread application of CNTs. Many chemical agents exert their toxicity through apoptotic pathways by induction of caspase biomolecules. In the current study, effects of carboxyl-functionalized single-walled (SW) and multi-walled (MW) CNTs at a single dose of 100 µg ml-1 on the survival of Jurkat cells were examined using MTT assay. Additionally, the impacts of carboxylated CNTs on the gene expression levels of selected caspases were investigated. Jurkat cells were exposed to CNTs (100 µg ml-1 for 72 h) and then expression levels of selected caspase genes (Cas) were evaluated by qRT-PCR analysis. Housekeeping genes, β-actin, and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), were used as normalization controls. The results showed only a mild decrease in the viability of Jurkat cells treated with carboxylated MWCNT. The results of qRT-PCR analysis revealed the elevated level of Cas2 mRNA in the cells treated with carboxylated MWCNT (6.08-fold) and carboxylated SWCNT (1.20-fold). The expression levels of Cas4, Cas6, Cas8, and Cas10 genes were increased not significantly compared to the control untreated cells. Our findings suggested that exposure to carboxyl-functionalized CNTs could be resulted in up-regulation of the Cas2 gene and not initiator Cas8 and Cas10 genes. In addition, it seems that carboxylated MWCNT was more potent than SWCNT in activation of Cas2 gene expression and triggering cell death signal in a manner different from intrinsic or extrinsic apoptosis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Lotfipanah
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Zeinali
- Biotechnology Research Center, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), Tehran, Iran
| | - Parichehreh Yaghmaei
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Toxicity of carbon-based nanomaterials: Reviewing recent reports in medical and biological systems. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 307:206-222. [PMID: 31054282 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Application of nanomaterials in our daily life is increasing, day in day out and concerns have raised about their toxicity for human and other organisms. In this manner, carbon-based nanomaterials have been applied to different products due to their unique physicochemical, electrical, mechanical properties, and biological compatibility. But, there are several reports about the negative effects of these materials on biological systems and cellular compartments. This review article describes the various types of carbon-based nanomaterials and methods that use for determining these toxic effects that are reported recently in the papers. Then, extensively discussed the toxic effects of these materials on the human and other living organisms and also their toxicity routs including Neurotoxicity, Hepatotoxicity, Nephrotoxicity, Immunotoxicity, Cardiotoxicity, Genotoxicity and epigenetic toxicity, Dermatotoxicity, and Carcinogenicity.
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21
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Yuan X, Zhang X, Sun L, Wei Y, Wei X. Cellular Toxicity and Immunological Effects of Carbon-based Nanomaterials. Part Fibre Toxicol 2019; 16:18. [PMID: 30975174 PMCID: PMC6460856 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-019-0299-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbon nanomaterials are a growing family of materials featuring unique physicochemical properties, and their widespread application is accompanied by increasing human exposure. MAIN BODY Considerable efforts have been made to characterize the potential toxicity of carbon nanomaterials in vitro and in vivo. Many studies have reported various toxicology profiles of carbon nanomaterials. The different results of the cytotoxicity of the carbon-based materials might be related to the differences in the physicochemical properties or structures of carbon nanomaterials, types of target cells and methods of particle dispersion, etc. The reported cytotoxicity effects mainly included reactive oxygen species generation, DNA damage, lysosomal damage, mitochondrial dysfunction and eventual cell death via apoptosis or necrosis. Despite the cellular toxicity, the immunological effects of the carbon-based nanomaterials, such as the pulmonary macrophage activation and inflammation induced by carbon nanomaterials, have been thoroughly studied. The roles of carbon nanomaterials in activating different immune cells or inducing immunosuppression have also been addressed. CONCLUSION Here, we provide a review of the latest research findings on the toxicological profiles of carbon-based nanomaterials, highlighting both the cellular toxicities and immunological effects of carbon nanomaterials. This review provides information on the overall status, trends, and research needs for toxicological studies of carbon nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yuan
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangxian Zhang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Sun
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 People’s Republic of China
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22
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Chortarea S, Zerimariam F, Barosova H, Septiadi D, Clift MJ, Petri-Fink A, Rothen-Rutishauser B. Profibrotic Activity of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Upon Prolonged Exposures in Different Human Lung Cell Types. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1089/aivt.2017.0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Savvina Chortarea
- BioNanomaterials, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Materials-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials, Science and Technology, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Fikad Zerimariam
- BioNanomaterials, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Hana Barosova
- BioNanomaterials, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Dedy Septiadi
- BioNanomaterials, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Martin J.D. Clift
- BioNanomaterials, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Alke Petri-Fink
- BioNanomaterials, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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Kuroda C, Ueda K, Haniu H, Ishida H, Okano S, Takizawa T, Sobajima A, Kamanaka T, Yoshida K, Okamoto M, Tsukahara T, Matsuda Y, Aoki K, Kato H, Saito N. Different aggregation and shape characteristics of carbon materials affect biological responses in RAW264 cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:6079-6088. [PMID: 30323595 PMCID: PMC6179726 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s172493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have various shapes, including needle-like shapes and curled shapes, and the cytotoxicity and carcinogenicity of CNTs differ depending on their shapes and surface modifications. However, the biological responses induced by CNTs and related mechanisms according to the dispersion state of CNTs have not been extensively studied. Materials and methods We prepared multiwalled CNTs (MWCNTs) showing different dispersions and evaluated these MWCNTs in RAW264 cells to determine cytotoxicity, cellular uptake, and immune responses. Furthermore, RAW264 cells were also used to compare the cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of fibrous MWCNTs and spherical carbon nanohorns (CNHs) exhibiting the same degree of dispersion. Results Our analysis showed that the cellular uptake, localization, and inflammatory responses of MWCNTs differed depending on the dispersion state. Moreover, there were differences in uptake between MWCNTs and CNHs, even showing the same degree of dispersion. These findings suggested that receptors related to cytotoxicity and immune responses differed depending on the aggregated state of MWCNTs and surface modification with a dispersant. Furthermore, our results suggested that the receptors recognized by the cells differed depending on the particle shape. Conclusion Therefore, to apply MWCNTs as a biomaterial, it is important to determine the carcinogenicity and toxicity of the CNTs and to examine different biological responses induced by varying shapes, dispersion states, and surface modifications of particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika Kuroda
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan, .,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Katsuya Ueda
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan, .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan,
| | - Hisao Haniu
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan, .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan, .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan, .,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan,
| | - Haruka Ishida
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan, .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan,
| | - Satomi Okano
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan, .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan,
| | - Takashi Takizawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan,
| | - Atsushi Sobajima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan,
| | - Takayuki Kamanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan,
| | - Kazushige Yoshida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan,
| | - Masanori Okamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan,
| | - Tamotsu Tsukahara
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Matsuda
- Clinical Pharmacology Educational Center, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Komuro, Ina-machi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kaoru Aoki
- Physical Therapy Division, School of Health Sciences, Shinshu University, Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kato
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan,
| | - Naoto Saito
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan, .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan, .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan, .,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan,
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Adedara IA, Anao OO, Forcados GE, Awogbindin IO, Agbowo A, Ola-Davies OE, Patlolla AK, Tchounwou PB, Farombi EO. Low doses of multi-walled carbon nanotubes elicit hepatotoxicity in rats with markers of oxidative stress and induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:3167-3173. [PMID: 30149914 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.08.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The investigation into the potential health risks associated with the use of engineered nanoparticles is a major scientific interest in recent years. The present study elucidated the involvement of pro-inflammatory cytokines, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)-induced hepatotoxicity. Pubertal rats were exposed to purified MWCNTs at 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.0 mg/kg for 5 consecutive days. Results indicated that exposure to MWCNTs caused liver damage evidenced by significant elevation in serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) when compared with control. Moreover, MWCNTs significantly decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities as well as glutathione level whereas it significantly increased catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities in liver of the treated rats. Moreover, the dose-dependent increase in hepatic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and lipid peroxidation levels were accompanied by marked increase in micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) in the MWCNTs-treated rats. Administration of MWCNTs significantly increased serum concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines namely interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in the treated rats. Immunohistochemical analysis showed significantly increased COX-2 and iNOS protein expressions in the liver of MWCNTs-treated rats. In conclusion, carboxylated MWCNTs induces hepatic damage via disruption of antioxidant defense systems, promotion of pro-inflammatory cytokines generation and expression of COX-2 and i-NOS in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac A Adedara
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Osemudiamen O Anao
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Gilead E Forcados
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ifeoluwa O Awogbindin
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Agatha Agbowo
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olufunke E Ola-Davies
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Anita K Patlolla
- College of Science Engineering and Technology, NIH-RCMI Center for Environmental Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Paul B Tchounwou
- College of Science Engineering and Technology, NIH-RCMI Center for Environmental Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Ebenezer O Farombi
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
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Beyeler S, Chortarea S, Rothen-Rutishauser B, Petri-Fink A, Wick P, Tschanz SA, von Garnier C, Blank F. Acute effects of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on primary bronchial epithelial cells from COPD patients. Nanotoxicology 2018; 12:699-711. [PMID: 29804489 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2018.1472310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The risks of occupational exposure during handling of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have received limited attention to date, in particular for potentially susceptible individuals with highly prevalent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this in vitro study, we simulated acute inhalation of MWCNTs employing an air-liquid interface cell exposure (ALICE) system: primary human bronchial epithelial cells from COPD patients and healthy donors (controls), cultured at the air-liquid interface (ALI) were exposed to MWCNTs. To study acute health effects on the respiratory epithelium, two different concentrations (0.16; 0.34 µg/cm2) of MWCNTs were aerosolized onto cell cultures followed by analysis after 24 h. Following MWCNT exposure, epithelial integrity and differentiation remained intact. Electron microscopy analyses identified MWCNTs both extra- and intracellular within vesicles of mucus producing cells. In both COPD and healthy control cultures, MWCNTs neither caused increased release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), nor alterations in inflammatory responses, as measured by RNA expression and protein secretion of the cytokines IL-6, IL-8, CXCL10, IL-1β and TGF-β and oxidative stress markers HMOX-1 and SOD-2. No short-term alteration of epithelial cell function, as determined by ciliary beating frequency (CBF), occurred in any of the conditions tested. In conclusion, the present study provided a reliable and realistic in vitro acute-exposure model of the respiratory tract, responsive to positive controls such as Dörentruper Quartz (DQ12) and asbestos. Acute exposure to MWCNTs did not affect epithelial integrity, nor induce increased cell death, apoptosis or inflammatory changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seraina Beyeler
- a Department of BioMedical Research , University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland.,b Department of Pulmonary Medicine , University Hospital of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
| | - Savvina Chortarea
- c BioNanomaterials, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg , Fribourg , Switzerland.,d Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology , St. Gallen , Switzerland
| | | | - Alke Petri-Fink
- c BioNanomaterials, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg , Fribourg , Switzerland
| | - Peter Wick
- d Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology , St. Gallen , Switzerland
| | | | - Christophe von Garnier
- a Department of BioMedical Research , University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland.,b Department of Pulmonary Medicine , University Hospital of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
| | - Fabian Blank
- a Department of BioMedical Research , University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland.,b Department of Pulmonary Medicine , University Hospital of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
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Dong J, Ma Q. Type 2 Immune Mechanisms in Carbon Nanotube-Induced Lung Fibrosis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1120. [PMID: 29872441 PMCID: PMC5972321 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
T helper (Th) 2-dependent type 2 immune pathways have been recognized as an important driver for the development of fibrosis. Upon stimulation, activated Th2 immune cells and type 2 cytokines interact with inflammatory and tissue repair functions to stimulate an overzealous reparative response to tissue damage, leading to organ fibrosis and destruction. In this connection, type 2 pathways are activated by a variety of insults and pathological conditions to modulate the response. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are nanomaterials with a wide range of applications. However, pulmonary exposure to CNTs causes a number of pathologic outcomes in animal lungs, dominated by inflammation and fibrosis. These findings, alongside the rapidly expanding production and commercialization of CNTs and CNT-containing materials in recent years, have raised concerns on the health risk of CNT exposure in humans. The CNT-induced pulmonary fibrotic lesions resemble those of human fibrotic lung diseases, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and pneumoconiosis, to a certain extent with regard to disease development and pathological features. In fibrotic scenarios, immune cells are activated including varying immune pathways, ranging from innate immune cell activation to autoimmune disease. These events often precede and/or accompany the occurrence of fibrosis. Upon CNT exposure, significant induction and activation of Th2 cells and type 2 cytokines in the lungs are observed. Moreover, type 2 pathways are shown to play important roles in promoting CNT-induced lung fibrosis by producing type 2 pro-fibrotic factors and inducing the reparative phenotypes of macrophages in response to CNTs. In light of the vastly increased demand for nanosafety and the apparent induction and multiple roles of type 2 immune pathways in lung fibrosis, we review the current literature on CNT-induced lung fibrosis, with a focus on the induction and activation of type 2 responses by CNTs and the stimulating function of type 2 signaling on pulmonary fibrosis development. These analyses provide new insights into the mechanistic understanding of CNT-induced lung fibrosis, as well as the potential of using type 2 responses as a monitoring target and therapeutic strategy for human fibrotic lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qiang Ma
- Receptor Biology Laboratory, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, United States
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Li Y, Cao J. The impact of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on macrophages: contribution of MWCNT characteristics. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2018; 61:1333-1351. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-017-9242-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Qian QZ, Cao XK, Liu HY, Zheng GY, Qian QQ, Shen FH. TNFR/TNF-α signaling pathway regulates apoptosis of alveolar macrophages in coal workers' pneumoconiosis. Oncotarget 2018; 9:1302-1310. [PMID: 29416696 PMCID: PMC5787440 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We explored the role of TNFR/TNF-α signalingin apoptosis among alveolar macrophages (AM) and its relevance to the development of coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP). Purified alveolar macrophages (AMs) were prepared from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid harvested from 366 CWP patients and 120 healthy subjects enrolled inthe study. The purified AMs were then divided into control, SOD, anti-TNFR, TNFR and NFkB inhibitor groups and analyzed for apoptosis usingflow cytometry (sub-diploid peak) and western blotting (Bcl-2, Caspase-3 and Caspase-8 expression). We found thatAM apoptosis washigher amongCWP patients than thehealthycontrols. Expression ofBcl-2, Caspase-3 and Caspase-8 was higher inAMs from CWP patientsthan in those from the controlsand correlated with increased AM apoptosis. Univariate and multivariate analyses suggested that CWP grade, initial exposure time, exposure time inyears, and CWP onset agewereall associated with altered levels of Bcl-2, Caspase-3 and Caspase-8. Inhibition of TNFR/TNF-α signaling usinganti-TNFR antibody, SOD or NFkB inhibitionreduced AM apoptosisand decreased Bcl-2, Caspase-3 and Caspase-8 expression. These data suggestinhibition of a TNFR/TNF-α signaling pathway is a potentiallyeffective means ofalleviating CWP by inhibiting AM apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Zeng Qian
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Ke Cao
- College of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Yan Liu
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Ying Zheng
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Qiang Qian
- Department of Neurology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital Affiliated to North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, P.R. China
| | - Fu-Hai Shen
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, P.R. China
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Wache S, Helmig S, Walter D, Schneider J, Mazurek S. Impact of biopersistent fibrous dusts on glycolysis, glutaminolysis and serine metabolism in A549 cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:9233-9241. [PMID: 28990047 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The conversion rates of different metabolic pathways summarized as a metabolic signature mirror the physiological functions and the general physiological status of a cell. The present study compared the impact of crocidolite and chrysotile asbestos, glass fibers and multi‑walled carbon nanotubes (MWCN) of two different lengths (1‑2 µm and 5‑15 µm) on the conversion rates in glycolysis, glutaminolysis and serine metabolism of A549 cells. The concentration tested was 1 µg/cm2 for all fibers. A concentration of 5 µg/cm2 was additionally used for chrysotile and crocidolite, and 25 µg/cm2 for glass fibers and MWCN. With respect to the inhibitory effect on cell proliferation and the extent of metabolic alterations, the present study revealed the following ranking among the fibers tested: Chrysotile>crocidolite>glass fibers>MWCN 5‑15 µm>MWCN 1‑2 µm. For the asbestos and glass fibers this ranking correlated best with the number of fibers. It appeared that the results observed for MWCN did not match this correlation. However, electron microscopy revealed an agglomeration of MWCN. The agglomeration decreased the toxicologically relevant number of fibers by forming larger particle‑like shapes and explained the smaller effects of MWCN 5‑15 µm and 1‑2 µm on cell proliferation and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sybille Wache
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, D‑35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Simone Helmig
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational and Social Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, D‑35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Dirk Walter
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational and Social Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, D‑35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Joachim Schneider
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational and Social Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, D‑35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sybille Mazurek
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, D‑35392 Giessen, Germany
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Kobayashi N, Izumi H, Morimoto Y. Review of toxicity studies of carbon nanotubes. J Occup Health 2017; 59:394-407. [PMID: 28794394 PMCID: PMC5635148 DOI: 10.1539/joh.17-0089-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We reviewed studies on pulmonary, reproductive, and developmental toxicity caused by carbon nanotubes (CNTs). In paricular, we analyzed how CNT exposure affects the several processes of pulmonary toxicity, including inflammation, injury, fibrosis, and pulmonary tumors. METHODS In pulmonary toxicity, there are various processes, including inflammation, injury, fibrosis, respiratory tumor in the lungs, and biopersistence of CNTs and genotoxicity as tumor-related factors, to develop the respiratory tumor. We evaluated the evidence for the carcinogenicity of CNTs in each process. In the fields of reproductive and developmental toxicity, studies of CNTs have been conducted mainly with mice. We summarized the findings of reproductive and developmental toxicity studies of CNTs. RESULTS In animal studies, exposure to CNTs induced sustained inflammation, fibrosis, lung cancer following long-term inhalation, and gene damage in the lung. CNTs also showed high biopersistence in animal studies. Fetal malformations after intravenous and intraperitoneal injections and intratracheal instillation, fetal loss after intravenous injection, behavioral changes in offsprings after intraperitoneal injection, and a delay in the delivery of the first litter after intratracheal instillation were reported in mice-administered multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) appeared to be embryolethal and teratogenic in mice when given by intravenous injection; moreover, the tubes induced death and growth retardation in chicken embryos. CONCLUSION CNTs are considered to have carcinogenicity and can cause lung tumors. However, the carcinogenicity of CNTs may attenuate if the fiber length is shorter. The available data provide initial information on the potential reproductive and developmental toxicity of CNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihiro Kobayashi
- Division of Environmental Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Hiroto Izumi
- Department of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Science, University of Occupational and Environmental Health
| | - Yasuo Morimoto
- Department of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Science, University of Occupational and Environmental Health
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Length effects on the dynamic process of cellular uptake and exocytosis of single-walled carbon nanotubes in murine macrophage cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1518. [PMID: 28490792 PMCID: PMC5431871 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01746-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular uptake and exocytosis of SWCNTs are fundamental processes determining their intracellular concentration and effects. Despite the great potential of acid-oxidized SWCNTs in biomedical field, understanding of the influencing factors on these processes needs to be deepened. Here, we quantitatively investigated uptake and exocytosis of SWCNTs in three lengths-630 (±171) nm (L-SWCNTs), 390 (±50) nm (M-SWCNTs), and 195 (±63) nm (S-MWCNTs) in macrophages. The results showed that the cellular accumulation of SWCNTs was a length-independent process and non-monotonic in time, with the most SWCNTs (3950 fg/cell) accumulated at 8 h and then intracellular SWCNTs dropped obviously with time. The uptake rate of SWCNTs decreased with increasing concentration, suggesting that intracellular SWCNTs accumulation is a saturable process. After refreshing culture medium, we found increasing SWCNTs in supernatant and decreasing intracellular SWCNTs over time, confirming the exocytosis occurred. Selective inhibition of endocytosis pathways showed that the internalization of SWCNTs involves several pathways, in the order of macropinocytosis> caveolae-mediated endocytosis> clathrin-dependent endocytosis. Intriguingly, clathrin-mediated endocytosis is relatively important for internalizing shorter SWCNTs. The dynamic processes of SWCNTs uptake and exocytosis and the mechanisms revealed by this study may render a better understanding on SWCNT toxicity and facilitate the design of CNT products with mitigated toxicity and desired functions.
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Multi-walled carbon nanotubes act as a chemokine and recruit macrophages by activating the PLC/IP3/CRAC channel signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2017; 7:226. [PMID: 28331181 PMCID: PMC5428205 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00386-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of nanomaterials on immune cells is gaining attention but is not well documented. Here, we report a novel stimulating effect of carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (c-MWCNTs) on the migration of macrophages and uncover the underlying mechanisms, especially the upstream signaling, using a series of techniques including transwell migration assay, patch clamp, ELISA and confocal microscopy. c-MWCNTs dramatically stimulated the migration of RAW264.7 macrophages when endocytosed, and this effect was abolished by inhibiting phospholipase C (PLC) with U-73122, antagonizing the IP3 receptor with 2-APB, and blocking calcium release-activated calcium (CRAC) channels with SK&F96365. c-MWCNTs directly activated PLC and increased the IP3 level and [Ca2+]i level in RAW264.7 cells, promoted the translocation of the ER-resident stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) towards the membranous calcium release-activated calcium channel modulator 1 (Orai1), and increased CRAC current densities in both RAW264.7 cells and HEK293 cells stably expressing the CRAC channel subunits Orai1 and STIM1. c-MWCNTs also induced dramatic spatial polarization of KCa3.1 channels in the RAW264.7 cells. We conclude that c-MWCNT is an activator of PLC and strongly recruits macrophages via the PLC/IP3/CRAC channel signaling cascade. These novel findings may provide a fundamental basis for the impact of MWCNTs on the immune system.
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Hilton GM, Taylor AJ, Hussain S, Dandley EC, Griffith EH, Garantziotis S, Parsons GN, Bonner JC, Bereman MS. Mapping differential cellular protein response of mouse alveolar epithelial cells to multi-walled carbon nanotubes as a function of atomic layer deposition coating. Nanotoxicology 2017; 11:313-326. [PMID: 28277982 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2017.1299888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), a prototypical engineered nanomaterial, have been increasingly manufactured for a variety of novel applications over the past two decades. However, since CNTs possess fiber-like shape and cause pulmonary fibrosis in rodents, there is concern that mass production of CNTs will lead to occupational exposure and associated pulmonary diseases. The aim of this study was to use contemporary proteomics to investigate the mechanisms of cellular response in E10 mouse alveolar epithelial cells in vitro after exposure to multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs) that were functionalized by atomic layer deposition (ALD). ALD is a method used to generate highly uniform and conformal nanoscale thin-film coatings of metals to enhance novel conductive properties of CNTs. We hypothesized that specific types of metal oxide coatings applied to the surface of MWCNTs by ALD would determine distinct proteomic profiles in mouse alveolar epithelial cells in vitro that could be used to predict oxidative stress and pulmonary inflammation. Uncoated (U)-MWCNTs were functionalized by ALD with zinc oxide (ZnO) to yield Z-MWCNTs or aluminum oxide (Al2O3) to yield A-MWCNTs. Significant differential protein expression was found in the following critical pathways: mTOR/eIF4/p70S6K signaling and Nrf-2 mediated oxidative stress response increased following exposure to Z-MWCNTs, interleukin-1 signaling increased following U-MWCNT exposure, and inhibition of angiogenesis by thrombospondin-1, oxidative phosphorylation, and mitochondrial dysfunction increased following A-MWCNT exposure. This study demonstrates that specific types of metal oxide thin film coatings applied by ALD produce distinct cellular and biochemical responses related to lung inflammation and fibrosis compared to uncoated MWCNT exposure in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina M Hilton
- a Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , NC , USA
| | - Alexia J Taylor
- a Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , NC , USA
| | - Salik Hussain
- b Clinical Research Unit , National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institute of Health , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - Erinn C Dandley
- c Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , NC , USA
| | - Emily H Griffith
- d Department of Statistics , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , NC , USA
| | - Stavros Garantziotis
- b Clinical Research Unit , National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institute of Health , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - Gregory N Parsons
- c Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , NC , USA
| | - James C Bonner
- a Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , NC , USA
| | - Michael S Bereman
- a Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , NC , USA
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Vittorio O, Curcio M, Cojoc M, Goya GF, Hampel S, Iemma F, Dubrovska A, Cirillo G. Polyphenols delivery by polymeric materials: challenges in cancer treatment. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:162-180. [PMID: 28156178 PMCID: PMC8241076 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2016.1236846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology can offer different solutions for enhancing the therapeutic efficiency of polyphenols, a class of natural products widely explored for a potential applicability for the treatment of different diseases including cancer. While possessing interesting anticancer properties, polyphenols suffer from low stability and unfavorable pharmacokinetics, and thus suitable carriers are required when planning a therapeutic protocol. In the present review, an overview of the different strategies based on polymeric materials is presented, with the aim to highlight the strengths and the weaknesses of each approach and offer a platform of ideas for researchers working in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orazio Vittorio
- a UNSW Australia, Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Center and ARC Center of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Australian Center for NanoMedicine , Sydney , NSW , Australia
| | - Manuela Curcio
- b Department of Pharmacy Health and Nutritional Science , University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende , Italy
| | - Monica Cojoc
- c OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf , Dresden , Germany
| | - Gerardo F Goya
- d Institute of Nanoscience of Aragon (INA) and Department of Condensed Matter Physics, University of Zaragoza , Zaragoza , Spain
| | - Silke Hampel
- e Leibniz Institute of Solid State and Material Research Dresden , Dresden , Germany , and
| | - Francesca Iemma
- b Department of Pharmacy Health and Nutritional Science , University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende , Italy
| | - Anna Dubrovska
- c OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf , Dresden , Germany.,f German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Giuseppe Cirillo
- b Department of Pharmacy Health and Nutritional Science , University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende , Italy
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Vandivort TC, Birkland TP, Domiciano TP, Mitra S, Kavanagh TJ, Parks WC. Stromelysin-2 (MMP-10) facilitates clearance and moderates inflammation and cell death following lung exposure to long multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:1019-1031. [PMID: 28223796 PMCID: PMC5304974 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s123484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are nanomaterials composed of multiple layers of graphene cylinders with unique properties that make them valuable for a number of industries. However, rising global production has led to concerns regarding potential occupational exposures to them as raw materials during handling. This is especially true for long MWCNT fibers, whose aspect ratio has been posited to initiate pathology similar to that of asbestos. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a class of extracellular endopeptidases that control various processes related to tissue repair, inflammation, and more. Stromelysin-2 (MMP-10) has roles in modulating macrophage activation and function, and hence, we used an MMP-10 null (Mmp10−/−) mouse model to assess its role in controlling lung responses to inhaled long MWCNTs. Oropharyngeal aspiration of long MWCNTs (80 µg/mouse) by wild-type mice induced expression of Mmp10 mRNA, which was accompanied by a robust inflammatory response characterized by elevated expression of Tnfa, Il6, and Il1b. In Mmp10−/− mice, we found that absence of MMP-10 led to impaired pulmonary clearance of MWCNTs and reduced macrophage cell survival. Exposure of wild-type bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and alveolar macrophages to MWCNTs caused a rapid, dose-dependent upregulation of Mmp10 mRNA expression, which was accompanied by expression of pro-inflammatory products (Il6 and Il1b). These products were further enhanced in Mmp10−/− macrophages, resulting in increased caspase-3-dependent cell death compared with wild-type cells. These findings indicate that MMP-10 facilitates the clearance of MWCNTs and moderates the pro-inflammatory response of exposed alveolar and infiltrated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler C Vandivort
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Timothy P Birkland
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Somenath Mitra
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Terrance J Kavanagh
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - William C Parks
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Los Angeles, CA
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Kunz-Schughart LA, Dubrovska A, Peitzsch C, Ewe A, Aigner A, Schellenburg S, Muders MH, Hampel S, Cirillo G, Iemma F, Tietze R, Alexiou C, Stephan H, Zarschler K, Vittorio O, Kavallaris M, Parak WJ, Mädler L, Pokhrel S. Nanoparticles for radiooncology: Mission, vision, challenges. Biomaterials 2016; 120:155-184. [PMID: 28063356 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading non-communicable diseases with highest mortality rates worldwide. About half of all cancer patients receive radiation treatment in the course of their disease. However, treatment outcome and curative potential of radiotherapy is often impeded by genetically and/or environmentally driven mechanisms of tumor radioresistance and normal tissue radiotoxicity. While nanomedicine-based tools for imaging, dosimetry and treatment are potential keys to the improvement of therapeutic efficacy and reducing side effects, radiotherapy is an established technique to eradicate the tumor cells. In order to progress the introduction of nanoparticles in radiooncology, due to the highly interdisciplinary nature, expertise in chemistry, radiobiology and translational research is needed. In this report recent insights and promising policies to design nanotechnology-based therapeutics for tumor radiosensitization will be discussed. An attempt is made to cover the entire field from preclinical development to clinical studies. Hence, this report illustrates (1) the radio- and tumor-biological rationales for combining nanostructures with radiotherapy, (2) tumor-site targeting strategies and mechanisms of cellular uptake, (3) biological response hypotheses for new nanomaterials of interest, and (4) challenges to translate the research findings into clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leoni A Kunz-Schughart
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anna Dubrovska
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Peitzsch
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Ewe
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Achim Aigner
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Samuel Schellenburg
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital, Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael H Muders
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital, Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Silke Hampel
- Leibniz Institute of Solid State and Material Research Dresden, 01171 Dresden, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Cirillo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Francesca Iemma
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Rainer Tietze
- ENT-Department, Section for Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius Professorship, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Alexiou
- ENT-Department, Section for Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius Professorship, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Holger Stephan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, 01314 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kristof Zarschler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, 01314 Dresden, Germany
| | - Orazio Vittorio
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, Sydney, UNSW, Australia
| | - Maria Kavallaris
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, Sydney, UNSW, Australia
| | - Wolfgang J Parak
- Fachbereich Physik, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany; CIC Biomagune, 20009 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Lutz Mädler
- Foundation Institute of Materials Science (IWT), Department of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Suman Pokhrel
- Foundation Institute of Materials Science (IWT), Department of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
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Dong J, Ma Q. TIMP1 promotes multi-walled carbon nanotube-induced lung fibrosis by stimulating fibroblast activation and proliferation. Nanotoxicology 2016; 11:41-51. [PMID: 27852133 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2016.1262919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary exposure to multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) may cause fibrosing lesions in animal lungs, raising health concerns about such exposure in humans. The mechanisms underlying fibrosis development remain unclear, but they are believed to involve the dysfunction of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. Using a mouse model of MWCNT exposure, we found that the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (Timp1) gene was rapidly and highly induced in the lungs by MWCNTs in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Concomitantly, a pronounced elevation of secreted TIMP1 was observed in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and serum. Knockout (KO) of Timp1 in mice caused a significant reduction in fibrotic focus formation, collagen fiber deposition, recruitment of fibroblasts and differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts in the lungs, indicating that TIMP1 plays a critical role in the pulmonary fibrotic response to MWCNTs. At the molecular level, MWCNT exposure significantly increased the expression of the cell proliferation markers Ki-67 and PCNA and a panel of cell cycle-controlling genes in the lungs in a TIMP1-dependent manner. MWCNT-stimulated cell proliferation was most prominent in fibroblasts but not myofibroblasts. Furthermore, MWCNTs elicited a significant induction of CD63 and integrin β1 in lung fibroblasts, leading to the formation of a TIMP1/CD63/integrin β1 complex on the surface of fibroblasts in vivo and in vitro, which triggered the phosphorylation and activation of Erk1/2. Our study uncovers a new pathway through which induced TIMP1 critically modulates the pulmonary fibrotic response to MWCNTs by promoting fibroblast activation and proliferation via the TIMP1/CD63/integrin β1 axis and ERK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Dong
- a Receptor Biology Laboratory, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Morgantown, WV , USA
| | - Qiang Ma
- a Receptor Biology Laboratory, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Morgantown, WV , USA
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Thongkam W, Gerloff K, van Berlo D, Albrecht C, Schins RPF. Oxidant generation, DNA damage and cytotoxicity by a panel of engineered nanomaterials in three different human epithelial cell lines. Mutagenesis 2016; 32:105-115. [PMID: 27834732 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gew056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the steeply increased use of nanomaterials (NMs) for commercial and industrial applications, toxicological assessment of their potential harmful effects is urgently needed. In this study, we compared the DNA-damaging properties and concurrent cytotoxicity of a panel of 10 engineered NMs in three different cell lines in relation to their intrinsic oxidant generating properties. The human epithelial cell lines A549, HK-2 and HepG2 were chosen to represent relevant target organs for NMs in the lung, kidney and liver. Cytotoxicity, evaluated by WST-1 assay in the treatment concentration range of 0.3-80 µg/cm2, was shown for Ag and ZnO NM in all three cell lines. Cytotoxicity was absent for all other NMs, i.e. five types of TiO2 and two types of multiwalled carbon nanotubes. DNA damage, evaluated by the alkaline comet assay, was observed with Ag and ZnO, albeit only at cytotoxic concentrations. DNA damage varied considerably with the cell line. The oxidant generating properties of the NMs, evaluated by electron spin resonance spectroscopy in cell free conditions, did not correlate with their cytotoxic or DNA-damaging properties. DNA damage by the nanosilver could be partly attributed to its surfactant-containing dispersant. The coating of a TiO2 sample with the commercial surfactant Curosurf augmented its DNA-damaging properties in A549 cells, while surface modification with serum tended to reduce damage. Our findings indicate that measurement of the intrinsic oxidant-generating capacity of NMs is a poor predictor of DNA damage and that the cytotoxic and DNA-damaging properties of NMs can vary substantially with experimental conditions. Our study also underlines the critical importance of selecting appropriate cell systems and aligned testing protocols. Selection of a cell line on the mere basis of its origin may provide only poor insight on organ-specific hazards of NMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waluree Thongkam
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225 DE Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kirsten Gerloff
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225 DE Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Damien van Berlo
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225 DE Düsseldorf, Germany.,Present address: Triskelion B.V., Utrechtseweg 48, 3704 HE Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Catrin Albrecht
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225 DE Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Roel P F Schins
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225 DE Düsseldorf, Germany
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Sharma M, Nikota J, Halappanavar S, Castranova V, Rothen-Rutishauser B, Clippinger AJ. Predicting pulmonary fibrosis in humans after exposure to multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Arch Toxicol 2016; 90:1605-22. [PMID: 27215431 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1742-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The increased production and use of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in a diverse array of consumer, medical, and industrial applications have raised concerns about potential human exposure to these materials in the workplace and ambient environments. Inhalation is a primary route of exposure to MWCNTs, and the existing data indicate that they are potentially hazardous to human health. While a 90-day rodent inhalation test (e.g., OECD Test No. 413: subchronic inhalation toxicity: 90-day study or EPA Health Effects Test Guidelines OPPTS 870.3465 90-day inhalation toxicity) is recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics for MWCNTs (and other CNTs) if they are to be commercially produced (Godwin et al. in ACS Nano 9:3409-3417, 2015), this test is time and cost-intensive and subject to scientific and ethical concerns. As a result, there has been much interest in transitioning away from studies on animals and moving toward human-based in vitro and in silico models. However, given the multiple mechanisms of toxicity associated with subchronic exposure to inhaled MWCNTs, a battery of non-animal tests will likely be needed to evaluate the key endpoints assessed by the 90-day rodent study. Pulmonary fibrosis is an important adverse outcome related to inhalation exposure to MWCNTs and one that the non-animal approach should be able to assess. This review summarizes the state-of-the-science regarding in vivo and in vitro toxicological methods for predicting MWCNT-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monita Sharma
- PETA International Science Consortium Ltd., London, UK
| | - Jake Nikota
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Sabina Halappanavar
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
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Farombi EO, Adedara IA, Forcados GE, Anao OO, Agbowo A, Patlolla AK. Responses of testis, epididymis, and sperm of pubertal rats exposed to functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:543-551. [PMID: 25410135 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the response of testes, epididymides and sperm in pubertal Wistar rats following exposure to 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 mg kg(-1) functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (f-MWCNTs) for 5 days. The results showed that administration of (f-MWCNTs) significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in a dose-dependent manner in both testes and sperm compared with control group. Moreover, the significant decrease in the activity of glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione level was accompanied with significant elevation in the levels of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde in both testes and sperm of (f-MWCNTs)-treated rats. The spermiogram of (f-MWCNTs)-treated rats indicated significant decrease in epididymal sperm number, sperm progressive motility, testicular sperm number and daily sperm production with elevated sperm abnormalities when compared with the control. Exposure to (f-MWCNTs) decreased plasma testosterone level and produced marked morphological changes including decreased geminal epithelium, edema, congestion, reduced spermatogenic cells and focal areas of tubular degeneration in the testes. The lumen of the epididymides contained reduced sperm cells and there was mild to severe hyperplasia epithelial cells lining the duct of the epididymis. Collectively, pubertal exposure of male rats to (f-MWCNTs) elicited oxidative stress response resulting in marked testicular and epididymides dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebenezer O Farombi
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Isaac A Adedara
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Gilead E Forcados
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Osemudiamen O Anao
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Agatha Agbowo
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Anita K Patlolla
- College of Science Engineering and Technology, NIH-RCMI Center for Environmental Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
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Expert consensus on an in vitro approach to assess pulmonary fibrogenic potential of aerosolized nanomaterials. Arch Toxicol 2016; 90:1769-83. [PMID: 27121469 PMCID: PMC4894935 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1717-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The increasing use of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in consumer products and their potential to induce adverse lung effects following inhalation has lead to much interest in better understanding the hazard associated with these nanomaterials (NMs). While the current regulatory requirement for substances of concern, such as MWCNTs, in many jurisdictions is a 90-day rodent inhalation test, the monetary, ethical, and scientific concerns associated with this test led an international expert group to convene in Washington, DC, USA, to discuss alternative approaches to evaluate the inhalation toxicity of MWCNTs. Pulmonary fibrosis was identified as a key adverse outcome linked to MWCNT exposure, and recommendations were made on the design of an in vitro assay that is predictive of the fibrotic potential of MWCNTs. While fibrosis takes weeks or months to develop in vivo, an in vitro test system may more rapidly predict fibrogenic potential by monitoring pro-fibrotic mediators (e.g., cytokines and growth factors). Therefore, the workshop discussions focused on the necessary specifications related to the development and evaluation of such an in vitro system. Recommendations were made for designing a system using lung-relevant cells co-cultured at the air–liquid interface to assess the pro-fibrogenic potential of aerosolized MWCNTs, while considering human-relevant dosimetry and NM life cycle transformations. The workshop discussions provided the fundamental design components of an air–liquid interface in vitro test system that will be subsequently expanded to the development of an alternative testing strategy to predict pulmonary toxicity and to generate data that will enable effective risk assessment of NMs.
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Vietti G, Lison D, van den Brule S. Mechanisms of lung fibrosis induced by carbon nanotubes: towards an Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP). Part Fibre Toxicol 2016; 13:11. [PMID: 26926090 PMCID: PMC4772332 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-016-0123-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Several experimental studies have shown that carbon nanotubes (CNT) can induce respiratory effects, including lung fibrosis. The cellular and molecular events through which these effects develop are, however, not clearly elucidated. The purpose of the present review was to analyze the key events involved in the lung fibrotic reaction induced by CNT and to assess their relationships. We thus address current knowledge and gaps with a view to draft an Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) concerning the fibrotic potential of CNT. As for many inhaled particles, CNT can indirectly activate fibroblasts through the release of pro-inflammatory (IL-1β) and pro-fibrotic (PDGF and TGF-β) mediators by inflammatory cells (macrophages and epithelial cells) via the induction of oxidative stress, inflammasome or NF-kB. We also highlight here direct effects of CNT on fibroblasts, which appear as a new mode of toxicity relatively specific for CNT. Direct effects of CNT on fibroblasts include the induction of fibroblast proliferation, differentiation and collagen production via ERK 1/2 or Smad signaling. We also point out the physico-chemical properties of CNT important for their toxicity and the relationship between in vitro and in vivo effects. This knowledge provides evidence to draft an AOP for the fibrogenic activity of CNT, which allows developing simple in vitro models contributing to predict the CNT effects in lung fibrosis, and risk assessment tools for regulatory decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Vietti
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue E. Mounier, 52 - bte B1.52.12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Dominique Lison
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue E. Mounier, 52 - bte B1.52.12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Sybille van den Brule
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue E. Mounier, 52 - bte B1.52.12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
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Approaching a Unified Theory for Particle-Induced Inflammation. CURRENT TOPICS IN ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-4-431-55732-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Wailes EM, Levi-Polyachenko NH. Multi-walled nanotubes for cellular reprogramming of cancer. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015; 12:955-963. [PMID: 26733259 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.12.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Triple negative breast cancer is exceptionally difficult to treat due to the lack of distinguishing biomarkers for drug targeting. An alternative approach based on recent data indicates that these cells may be more susceptible to mechanical influences, such as alterations in the tumor stroma. Three dimensional collagen gels containing co-cultures of mesenchymal cells and MDA-MB-231 cancer cells were utilized to explore the effects of multi-walled nanotubes (MWNT) on cell contraction, invasion, viability, MMP-9 expression, and migration of breast cancer cells. MWNT were able to restrict each of these features for the cancer cells without impeding the associated mesenchymal cells. MWNT-collagen gels are useful tools for cellular reprogramming of cancer cells and should be considered in greater detail as a potential agent for therapeutic treatment of triple-negative breast cancer. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR Breast cancer is still a leading cause of death for women worldwide. One subtype of this cancer which is very aggressive is the triple negative breast cancer. The behavior of tumors may be affected by the tumor stromal environment. In this study, the authors investigated the effects of multi-walled nanotubes (MWNT) on tumor cell biology. The positive findings may point a new way in using this modality for treatment of triple-negative breast cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Wailes
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA; Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Nicole H Levi-Polyachenko
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA; Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, USA.
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Schlagenhauf L, Kianfar B, Buerki-Thurnherr T, Kuo YY, Wichser A, Nüesch F, Wick P, Wang J. Weathering of a carbon nanotube/epoxy nanocomposite under UV light and in water bath: impact on abraded particles. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:18524-18536. [PMID: 26490158 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr05387k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Weathering processes can influence the surface properties of composites with incorporated nanoparticles. These changes may affect the release behavior of nanoparticles when an abrasion process is applied. Therefore, the influence of two different weathering processes, immersion in water and exposure to UV light, on the properties of abraded particles from a carbon nanotube (CNT)/epoxy nanocomposite was investigated. The investigation included the measurement of the weathering impact on the surface chemistry of the exposed samples, the particle size of abraded particles, the quantity of exposed CNTs in the respirable part of the abraded particles, and the toxicity of abraded particles, measured by in vitro toxicity tests using the THP-1 monocyte-derived macrophages. The results showed that weathering by immersion in water had no influence on the properties of abraded particles. The exposure to UV light caused a degradation of the epoxy on the surface, followed by delamination of an approx. 2.5 μm thick layer. An increased quantity of exposed CNTs in abraded particles was not found; on the contrary, longer UV exposure times decreased the released fraction of CNTs from 0.6% to 0.4%. The toxicity tests revealed that abraded particles from the nanocomposites did not induce additional acute cytotoxic effects compared to particles from the neat epoxy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Schlagenhauf
- Laboratory for Functional Polymers, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
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Dong C, Eldawud R, Sargent LM, Kashon ML, Lowry D, Rojanasakul Y, Dinu CZ. Carbon Nanotube Uptake Changes the Biomechanical Properties of Human Lung Epithelial Cells in a Time-dependent Manner. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:3983-3992. [PMID: 26146559 PMCID: PMC4486612 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00179j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of engineered nanomaterials in biological systems depends on both the nanomaterial properties and the exposure duration. Herein we used a multi-tier strategy to investigate the relationship between user-characterized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) exposure duration and their induced biochemical and biomechanical effects on model human lung epithelial cells (BEAS-2B). Our results showed that exposure to MWCNTs leads to time-dependent intracellular uptake and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), along with time-dependent gradual changes in cellular biomechanical properties. In particular, the amount of internalized MWCNTs followed a sigmoidal curve with the majority of the MWCNTs being internalized within 6h of exposure; further, the sigmoidal uptake correlated with the changes in the oxidative levels and cellular biomechanical properties respectively. Our study provides new insights into the time-dependent induced toxicity caused by exposure to occupationally relevant doses of MWCNTs and could potentially help establish bases for early risk assessments of other nanomaterials toxicological profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenbo Dong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown WV, 26506, USA
| | - Reem Eldawud
- Department of Chemical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown WV, 26506, USA
| | - Linda M. Sargent
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown WV, 26505, USA
| | - Michael L. Kashon
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown WV, 26505, USA
| | - David Lowry
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown WV, 26505, USA
| | - Yon Rojanasakul
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown WV, 26506, USA
| | - Cerasela Zoica Dinu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown WV, 26506, USA
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Eldawud R, Wagner A, Dong C, Rojansakul Y, Zoica Dinu C. Electronic platform for real-time multi-parametric analysis of cellular behavior post-exposure to single-walled carbon nanotubes. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 71:269-277. [PMID: 25913448 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) implementation in a variety of biomedical applications from bioimaging, to controlled drug delivery and cellular-directed alignment for muscle myofiber fabrication, has raised awareness of their potential toxicity. Nanotubes structural aspects which resemble asbestos, as well as their ability to induce cyto and genotoxicity upon interaction with biological systems by generating reactive oxygen species or inducing membrane damage, just to name a few, have led to focused efforts aimed to assess associated risks prior their user implementation. In this study, we employed a non-invasive and real-time electric cell impedance sensing (ECIS) platform to monitor behavior of lung epithelial cells upon exposure to a library of SWCNTs with user-defined physico-chemical properties. Using the natural sensitivity of the cells, we evaluated SWCNT-induced cellular changes in relation to cell attachment, cell-cell interactions and cell viability respectively. Our methods have the potential to lead to the development of standardized assays for risk assessment of other nanomaterials as well as risk differentiation based on the nanomaterials surface chemistry, purity and agglomeration state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Eldawud
- Department of Chemical Engineering, West Virginia University, WV 26506, United States
| | - Alixandra Wagner
- Department of Chemical Engineering, West Virginia University, WV 26506, United States
| | - Chenbo Dong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, West Virginia University, WV 26506, United States
| | - Yon Rojansakul
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, WV 26505, United States
| | - Cerasela Zoica Dinu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, West Virginia University, WV 26506, United States; Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, WV 26505, United States.
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Møller P, Christophersen DV, Jensen DM, Kermanizadeh A, Roursgaard M, Jacobsen NR, Hemmingsen JG, Danielsen PH, Cao Y, Jantzen K, Klingberg H, Hersoug LG, Loft S. Role of oxidative stress in carbon nanotube-generated health effects. Arch Toxicol 2014; 88:1939-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1356-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Differences in cytotoxic, genotoxic, and inflammatory response of bronchial and alveolar human lung epithelial cells to pristine and COOH-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:359506. [PMID: 25147797 PMCID: PMC4131553 DOI: 10.1155/2014/359506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Functionalized MWCNTs are used in many commercial and biomedical applications, but their potential health effects are not well defined. We investigated and compared cytotoxic, genotoxic/oxidative, and inflammatory effects of pristine and carboxyl MWCNTs exposing human respiratory (A549 and BEAS-2B) cells to 1-40 μg/mL of CNTs for 24 h. Both MWCNTs induced low viability reduction (by WST1 assay) in A549 cells and only MWCNTs-COOH caused high viability reduction in BEAS-2B cells reaching 28.5% viability at 40 μg/mL. Both CNTs induced membrane damage (by LDH assay) with higher effects in BEAS-2B cells at the highest concentrations reaching 20% cytotoxicity at 40 μg/mL. DNA damage (by Fpg-comet assay) was induced by pristine MWCNTs in A549 cells and by both MWCNTs in BEAS-2B cells reaching for MWCNTs-COOH a tail moment of 22.2 at 40 μg/mL versus 10.2 of unexposed cells. Increases of IL-6 and IL-8 release (by ELISA) were detected in A549 cells exposed to MWCNTs-COOH from 10 μg/mL while IL-8 increased in BEAS-2B cells exposed to pristine MWCNTs at 20 and 40 μg/mL. The results show higher cytogenotoxicity of MWCNTs-COOH in bronchial and of pristine MWCNTs in alveolar cells. Different inflammatory response was also found. The findings suggest the use of in vitro models with different end points and cells to study CNT toxicity.
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