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Chen YX, Zheng J, Zhang XF. Association analysis between organophosphorus flame retardants exposure and the risk of depression: Data from NHANES 2017-2018. J Affect Disord 2024; 355:385-391. [PMID: 38574866 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) can damage the brain and may cause abnormal behaviors. There was no population-based study to reveal the relationship between OPFRs and the occurrence of depression. This study utilized a publicly available database to investigate the correlation between OPFRs exposure and the risk of depression, and the mediation effect of inflammation on the correlation. METHODS Data in this study was from the database of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Multifactorial logistic regression was used to estimate the relationship between OPFRs exposure and the risk of depression, and a mediation effect model was constructed to explore the impact of inflammation on the correlation. RESULTS Data of 1273 participants was included in the study. It was found that individuals with high urinary concentration of bis-(2-chloroethyl) phosphate had an increased risk of developing depression (OR = 1.217, 95 % CI: 1.032-1.435). Combined exposure to OPFRs was significantly associated with the increased risk of depression than single OPFRs exposure. Subgroup analyses based on inflammatory levels in the body revealed that inflammation might exert the mediation effect on the association between OPFRs exposure and the risk of depression, with the contribution proportion of 8.23 %. LIMITATIONS Cross-sectional data and rapid metabolism of OPFRs lead to uncertainty in revealing long-term exposure in the body. CONCLUSIONS There was a correlation between OPFRs exposure and the risk of depression, which may be mediated by inflammation in the body to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xin Chen
- Department of Toxicology, Public Health School, Harbin Medical University, No 157, Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin City 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Department of Environmental Health, Heilongjiang Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, No 40, Youfang Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin City 150030, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Public Health School, Harbin Medical University, No 157, Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin City 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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Zhou Y, Zhang L, Wang P, Li Q, Li J, Wang H, Gui Y, Liu Y, Sui X, Li J, Shi H, Zhang Y. Prenatal organophosphate esters exposure and neurodevelopment trajectory in infancy: Evidence from the Shanghai Maternal-Child Pairs Cohort. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:172366. [PMID: 38614325 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concerns remain about the neurotoxic properties of the ubiquitous organophosphate esters (OPEs), the replacement of the toxicant polybrominated diphenyl ethers. OBJECTIVES We examined the associations of prenatal exposure to OPEs and their mixtures with early-life neurodevelopment trajectories. METHODS Totally 1276 mother-child pairs were recruited from the Shanghai Maternal-Child Pairs Cohort. A high-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometer was used to measure the levels of 7 OPEs in cord serum. Ages and Stages Questionnaires was used to examine children's neuropsychological development at 2, 6, 12, and 24 months of age. Group-based trajectory models were applied to derive the neurodevelopmental trajectories. Multiple linear regression and logistic regression model were performed to assess the relationships between OPEs exposure and neurodevelopment and trajectories. Mixtures for widely detected OPEs (n = 4) were investigated using quantile-based g-computation. RESULTS Tributyl phosphate (TBP), tris (2-butoxy ethyl) phosphate (TBEP), tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP), and 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPP), had detection rates >50 %. TDCPP had the highest median concentration (1.02 μg/L) in cord serum. EHDPP concentrations were negatively associated with scores in most domains at 12 months of age, with effect values (β) ranging from -1.89 to -0.57. EHDPP could negatively affect the total ASQ (OR = 1.07, 95 % CI: 1, 1.15) and gross-motor (OR = 1.09, 95 % CI: 1.02, 1.17) trajectory in infancy. Joint exposure to OPEs was associated with decreased scores in the total ASQ, gross-motor, fine-motor and problem-solving domain of 12-month-old infants, with β ranging from -5.93 to -1.25. In addition, the qgcomp models indicated significant positive associations between the concentrations of OPEs mixtures and risks of the persistently low group of the total ASQ, gross-motor and fine-motor development in early childhood. The impact of OPEs was more pronounced in boys. DISCUSSION Our findings suggested OPEs, especially EHDPP, had a persistently negative effect on neurodevelopment during the first 2 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Zhou
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Liyi Zhang
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Pengpeng Wang
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Putuo District Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shanghai 200333, China
| | - Jinhong Li
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hang Wang
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuyan Gui
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xinyao Sui
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiufeng Li
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Huijing Shi
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Cheng X, Lu Q, Lin N, Mao D, Yin S, Gao Y, Tian Y. Prenatal exposure to a mixture of organophosphate flame retardants and infant neurodevelopment: A prospective cohort study in Shandong, China. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2024; 258:114336. [PMID: 38460461 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested that prenatal exposure to organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) may have adverse effect on early neurodevelopment, but limited data are available in China, and the overall effects of OPFRs mixture are still unclear. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the association between prenatal exposure to OPFR metabolites mixture and the neurodevelopment of 1-year-old infants. METHODS A total of 270 mother-infant pairs were recruited from the Laizhou Wan (Bay) Birth Cohort in China. Ten OPFR metabolites were measured in maternal urine. Neurodevelopment of 1-year-old infants was assessed using the Gesell Developmental Schedules (GDS) and presented by the developmental quotient (DQ) score. Multivariate linear regression and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression models were conducted to estimate the association of prenatal exposure to seven individual OPFR metabolites and their mixture with infant neurodevelopment. RESULTS The positive rates of seven OPFR metabolites in the urine of pregnant women were greater than 70% with the median concentration ranged within 0.13-3.53 μg/g creatinine. The multivariate linear regression model showed significant negative associations between bis (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCIPP), din-butyl phosphate (DnBP), and total OPFR metabolites exposure and neurodevelopment in all infants. Results from the WQS model consistently revealed that the OPFR metabolites mixture was inversely associated with infant neurodevelopment. Each quartile increased in the seven OPFR metabolites mixture was associated with a 1.59 decrease (95% CI: 2.96, -0.21) in gross motor DQ scores, a 1.41 decrease (95% CI: 2.38, -0.43) in adaptive DQ scores, and a 1.08 decrease (95% CI: 2.15, -0.02) in social DQ scores, among which BCIPP, bis (1, 3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCIPP) and DnBP were the main contributors. CONCLUSION Prenatal exposure to a mixture of OPFRs was negatively associated with early infant neurodevelopment, particularly in gross motor, adaptive, and social domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Cheng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Qi Lu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Nan Lin
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Dandan Mao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Shengju Yin
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Ying Tian
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China; MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Wang L, Wang B, Zhang X, Yang Z, Zhang X, Gong H, Song Y, Zhang K, Sun M. TDCPP and TiO 2 NPs aggregates synergistically induce SH-SY5Y cell neurotoxicity by excessive mitochondrial fission and mitophagy inhibition. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 347:123740. [PMID: 38462198 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Tris (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP), a halogen-containing phosphorus flame retardant, is widely used and has been shown to possess health risks to humans. The sustained release of artificial nanomaterials into the environment increases the toxicological risks of their coexisting pollutants. Nanomaterials may seriously change the environmental behavior and fate of pollutants. In this study, we investigated this combined toxicity and the potential mechanisms of toxicity of TDCPP and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) aggregates on human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. TDCPP and TiO2 NPs aggregates were exposed in various concentration combinations, revealing that TDCPP (25 μg/mL) reduced cell viability, while synergistic exposure to TiO2 NPs aggregates exacerbated cytotoxicity. This combined exposure also disrupted mitochondrial function, leading to dysregulation in the expression of mitochondrial fission proteins (DRP1 and FIS1) and fusion proteins (OPA1 and MFN1). Consequently, excessive mitochondrial fission occurred, facilitating the translocation of cytochrome C from mitochondria to activate apoptotic signaling pathways. Furthermore, exposure of the combination of TDCPP and TiO2 NPs aggregates activated upstream mitochondrial autophagy but disrupted downstream Parkin recruitment to damaged mitochondria, preventing autophagosome-lysosome fusion and thereby disrupting mitochondrial autophagy. Altogether, our findings suggest that TDCPP and TiO2 NPs aggregates may stimulate apoptosis in neuronal SH-SY5Y cells by inducing mitochondrial hyperfission and inhibiting mitochondrial autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Binquan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Ziyi Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Hongyang Gong
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Mingkuan Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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Wang X, Song F. The neurotoxicity of organophosphorus flame retardant tris (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP): Main effects and its underlying mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 346:123569. [PMID: 38369091 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
As a major alternative to the brominated flame retardants, the production and use of organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) are increasing. And tris (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP), one of the most widely used OPFRs, is now commonly found in a variety of products, such as building materials, furniture, bedding, electronic equipment, and baby products. TDCPP does not readily degrade in the water and tends to accumulate continuously in the environment. It has been detected in indoor dust, air, water, soil, and human samples. Considered as an emerging environmental pollutant, increasing studies have demonstrated its adverse effects on environmental organisms and human beings, with the nerve system identified as a sensitive target organ. This paper systematically summarized the progress of TDCPP application and its current exposure in the environment, with a focus on its neurotoxicity. In particular, we highlighted that TDCPP can be neurotoxic (including neurodevelopmentally toxic) to humans and animals, primarily through oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial damage, and epigenetic regulation. Additionally, this paper provided an outlook for further studies on neurotoxicity of TDCPP, as well as offered scientific evidence and clues for rational application of TDCPP in daily life and the prevention and control of its environmental impact in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Wang
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Fuyong Song
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China.
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Ni A, Fang L, Xi M, Li J, Qian Q, Wang Z, Wang X, Wang H, Yan J. Neurotoxic effects of 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate exposure on zebrafish larvae: Insight into inflammation-driven changes in early motor behavior. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 915:170131. [PMID: 38246379 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The extensive utilization and potential adverse impacts of the replacement flame-retardant 2-Ethylhexyl Diphenyl Phosphate (EHDPP) have raised concerns. Currently, there is limited knowledge regarding the developmental, neurological, and immunotoxic consequences of EHDPP exposure, as well as its potential behavioral outcomes. In this study, we undertook a comprehensive examination and characterization of the toxic effects over the EHDPP concentration range of 14-1400 nM. Our findings unveiled that EHDPP, even at an environmentally relevant concentration of 14 nM, exhibited excitatory neurotoxicity, eliciting a 13.5 % increase in the swimming speed of zebrafish larvae. This effect might be attributed to the potential influence of EHDPP on the release of neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine, which, in turn, mediated anxiety-like behavior in the zebrafish larvae. Conversely, sublethal dose EHDPP (1400 nM) exposure significantly suppressed the swimming vigor of zebrafish larvae, accompanied by morphological changes, abnormal behaviors, and alterations in intracerebral molecules. Transcriptomics revealed the underlying mechanism. The utilization of pathway inhibitors reshaped the inflammatory homeostasis and alleviated the toxicity induced by EHDPP exposure, anchoring the pivotal role played by the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in EHDPP-induced adverse changes in zebrafish behavior and neurophysiology. This study observed the detrimental effects of EHDPP on fish sustainability at environmentally relevant concentrations, highlighting the practical significance for EHDPP risk management. Elucidating the toxic mechanisms of EHDPP will contribute to a deeper comprehension of how environmental pollutants can intricately influence human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyu Ni
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Lu Fang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Miaocui Xi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Jinyun Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Qiuhui Qian
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Zejun Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Xuedong Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Huili Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
| | - Jin Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
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7
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Hernandez-Castro I, Eckel SP, Chen X, Yang T, Vigil MJ, Foley HB, Kannan K, Robinson M, Grubbs B, Lerner D, Lurvey N, Al-Marayati L, Habre R, Dunton GF, Farzan SF, Aung MT, Breton CV, Bastain TM. Prenatal exposures to organophosphate ester metabolites and early motor development in the MADRES cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 342:123131. [PMID: 38092343 PMCID: PMC10872268 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are increasingly considered neurotoxicants which may impact gross and fine motor development. We evaluated associations between prenatal OPE exposures and infant motor development. Third trimester urinary concentrations of nine OPE metabolites were measured in 329 mother-infant dyads participating in the Maternal And Developmental Risks from Environmental and Social Stressors (MADRES) cohort. Child gross and fine motor development at 6, 9, 12, and 18-months were assessed with the Ages and Stages Questionnaire-3 (ASQ-3) and operationalized in models using dichotomous instrument-specific cutoffs for typical motor development. Five OPE metabolites with >60% detection were specific-gravity-adjusted, natural log-transformed, and modeled continuously, while four metabolites with <60% detection were modeled dichotomously (detected/not-detected). We fit mixed effects logistic regression between OPE metabolites and fine/gross motor development and assessed sex-specific effects using a statistical interaction term and sex-stratified models. Among children, 31% and 23% had gross and fine motor scores, respectively, below the ASQ-3 at-risk cutoffs at least once across infancy. A doubling in prenatal diphenyl phosphate (DPHP) exposure was associated with 26% increased odds of potential fine motor delays (ORfine = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.57, p = 0.04). We also observed significant interactions by infant sex for associations of detected dipropyl phosphate (DPRP) with gross motor development (pinteraction = 0.048) and detected bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCIPP) with fine motor development (pinteraction = 0.02). Females had greater odds of potential motor delays for both detected DPRP (females vs males ORgross (95% CI) = 1.48 (0.71, 3.09), p = 0.30 vs 0.27 (0.06, 1.29), p = 0.10) and detected BCIPP (females vs males ORfine (95% CI) = 2.72 (1.27, 5.85), p = 0.01 vs 0.76 (0.31, 1.90), p = 0.56). There were no other significant associations between other metabolites and motor development, despite similar patterns. We found evidence of adverse effects of prenatal OPE exposures on infant motor development with greater adverse effects among female infants with some OPE metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ixel Hernandez-Castro
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sandrah P Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xinci Chen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tingyu Yang
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mario J Vigil
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Helen B Foley
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Morgan Robinson
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Brendan Grubbs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Laila Al-Marayati
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rima Habre
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Genevieve F Dunton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shohreh F Farzan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Max T Aung
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carrie V Breton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Theresa M Bastain
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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8
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Foster SA, Kile ML, Hystad P, Diamond ML, Jantunen LM, Mandhane PJ, Moraes TJ, Navaranjan G, Scott JA, Simons E, Subbarao P, Takaro TK, Turvey SE, Brook JR. Organophosphate ester flame retardants and plasticizers in house dust and mental health outcomes among Canadian mothers: A nested prospective cohort study in CHILD. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 240:117451. [PMID: 37871788 PMCID: PMC10841641 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate ester flame retardants and plasticizers (OPEs) are common exposures in modern built environments. Toxicological models report that some OPEs reduce dopamine and serotonin in the brain. Deficiencies in these neurotransmitters are associated with anxiety and depression. We hypothesized that exposure to higher concentrations of OPEs in house dust would be associated with a greater risk of depression and stress in mothers across the prenatal and postpartum periods. We conducted a nested prospective cohort study using data collected on mothers (n = 718) in the CHILD Cohort Study, a longitudinal multi-city Canadian birth cohort (2008-2012). OPEs were measured in house dust sampled at 3-4 months postpartum. Maternal depression and stress were measured at 18 and 36 weeks gestation and 6 months and 1 year postpartum using the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies for Depression Scale (CES-D) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). We used linear mixed models to examine the association between a summed Z-Score OPE index and continuous depression and stress scores. In adjusted models, one standard deviation increase in the OPE Z-score index was associated with a 0.07-point (95% CI: 0.01, 0.13) increase in PSS score. OPEs were not associated with log-transformed CES-D (β: 0.63%, 95% CI: -0.18%, 1.46%). The effect of OPEs on PSS score was strongest at 36 weeks gestation and weakest at 1 year postpartum. We observed small increases in maternal perceived stress levels, but not depression, with increasing OPEs measured in house dust during the prenatal and early postpartum period in this cohort of Canadian women. Given the prevalence of prenatal and postpartum anxiety and the ubiquity of OPE exposures, additional research is warranted to understand if these chemicals affect maternal mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Foster
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Health, Oregon State University, 160 SW 26th St, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Molly L Kile
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Health, Oregon State University, 160 SW 26th St, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Perry Hystad
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Health, Oregon State University, 160 SW 26th St, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Miriam L Diamond
- Department of Earth Sciences and School of the Environment, University of Toronto, 149 College Street, Suite 410, Fourth Floor, Toronto, ON, M5T 1P5, Canada.
| | - Liisa M Jantunen
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Government of Canada, Canada.
| | - Piush J Mandhane
- Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, University of Alberta, 11405-87 Avenue Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1C9, Canada.
| | - Theo J Moraes
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, Black Wing Room 1436, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.
| | - Garthika Navaranjan
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Sixth Floor, Toronto, ON, MST 3M7, Canada.
| | - James A Scott
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Sixth Floor, Toronto, ON, MST 3M7, Canada.
| | - Elinor Simons
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, 840 Sherbrook Street, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3A 1S1, Canada.
| | - Padmaja Subbarao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, Black Wing Room 1436, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Sixth Floor, Toronto, ON, MST 3M7, Canada.
| | - Tim K Takaro
- Department of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Blusson Hall, Room 11300, Burnaby, B.C, V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Stuart E Turvey
- Pediatric Immunology, The University of British Columbia, 2329 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Jeffrey R Brook
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Sixth Floor, Toronto, ON, MST 3M7, Canada.
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9
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Marinello WP, Gillera SEA, Han Y, Richardson JR, St Armour G, Horman BM, Patisaul HB. Gestational exposure to FireMaster® 550 (FM 550) disrupts the placenta-brain axis in a socially monogamous rodent species, the prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster). Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 576:112041. [PMID: 37562579 PMCID: PMC10795011 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Gestational flame retardant (FR) exposure has been linked to heightened risk of neurodevelopmental disorders, but the mechanisms remain largely unknown. Historically, toxicologists have relied on traditional, inbred rodent models, yet those do not always best model human vulnerability or biological systems, especially social systems. Here we used prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster), a monogamous and bi-parental rodent, leveraged for decades to decipher the underpinnings of social behaviors, to examine the impact of fetal FR exposure on gene targets in the mid-gestational placenta and fetal brain. We previously established gestational exposure to the commercial mixture Firemaster 550 (FM 550) impairs sociality, particularly in males. FM 550 exposure disrupted placental monoamine production, particularly serotonin, and genes required for axon guidance and cellular respiration in the fetal brains. Effects were dose and sex specific. These data provide insights on the mechanisms by which FRs impair neurodevelopment and later in life social behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P Marinello
- Department of Biological Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | | | - Yoonhee Han
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Jason R Richardson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Genevieve St Armour
- Department of Biological Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Brian M Horman
- Department of Biological Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Heather B Patisaul
- Department of Biological Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA; Center for Human Health and the Environment, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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10
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Li XW, Qiu F, Liu Y, Chen LJ, Li JH, Liu JL, Yang JZ, Hsu C, Chen L, Zeng JH, Xie XL, Wang Q. Inulin alleviates neuroinflammation and oxidative stress induced by perinatal 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPHP) exposure in female mice and offspring. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 264:115396. [PMID: 37625336 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs), including 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPHP), are prevalent in everyday life due to their broad usage in fields such as healthcare, electronics, industry, and sports. These compounds, added to polymers through physical mixing, can leach into the environment, posing a risk to humans through direct contact or the food chain. Despite known associations with health issues like endocrine disruption, neurotoxicity, and reproductive toxicity, the implications of perinatal EHDPHP exposure on both mothers and offspring are still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the neuroinflammatory effects of EHDPHP and the potential mitigating role of inulin. Pregnant C57 mice were administered either a corn oil control or an EHDPHP solution (300 μg/kg bw/d) from gestation day 7 (GD7) to postnatal day 21 (PND21). Concurrently, mice were provided either regular drinking water or water supplemented with 1% inulin. We found that EHDPHP significantly increased the serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and MDA, but decreased SOD levels in both mothers and pups. These effects were reversed by inulin supplementation. RNA-sequencing revealed that EHDPHP induced inflammation and oxidative stress through the TLR4/NF-κB pathway, which was mitigated by inulin. In conclusion, inulin ameliorated EHDPHP-induced neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in both mothers and offspring, highlighting its potential therapeutic role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Wen Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Feng Qiu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong 528244, China.
| | - Yi Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Li-Jian Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Jia-Hao Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Jia-Li Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Jian-Zheng Yang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Clare Hsu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Long Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Jia-Hao Zeng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Xiao-Li Xie
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
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11
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Hernandez-Castro I, Eckel SP, Howe CG, Niu Z, Kannan K, Robinson M, Foley HB, Yang T, Vigil MJ, Chen X, Grubbs B, Lerner D, Lurvey N, Al-Marayati L, Habre R, Dunton GF, Farzan SF, Aung MT, Breton CV, Bastain TM. Prenatal exposures to organophosphate ester metabolite mixtures and children's neurobehavioral outcomes in the MADRES pregnancy cohort. Environ Health 2023; 22:66. [PMID: 37737180 PMCID: PMC10515433 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-023-01017-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests organophosphate esters (OPEs) are neurotoxic; however, the epidemiological literature remains scarce. We investigated whether prenatal exposures to OPEs were associated with child neurobehavior in the MADRES cohort. METHODS We measured nine OPE metabolites in 204 maternal urine samples (gestational age at collection: 31.4 ± 1.8 weeks). Neurobehavior problems were assessed among 36-month-old children using the Child Behavior Checklist's (CBCL) three composite scales [internalizing, externalizing, and total problems]. We examined associations between tertiles of prenatal OPE metabolites (> 50% detection) and detect/non-detect categories (< 50% detection) and CBCL composite scales using linear regression and generalized additive models. We also examined mixtures for widely detected OPEs (n = 5) using Bayesian kernel machine regression. RESULTS Maternal participants with detectable versus non-detectable levels of bis(2-methylphenyl) phosphate (BMPP) had children with 42% (95% CI: 4%, 96%) higher externalizing, 45% (-2%, 114%) higher internalizing, and 35% (3%, 78%) higher total problems. Participants in the second versus first tertile of bis(butoxethyl) phosphate (BBOEP) had children with 43% (-1%, 109%) higher externalizing scores. Bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCIPP) and child sex had a statistically significant interaction in internalizing (p = 0.02) and total problems (p = 0.03) models, with 120% (23%, 295%) and 57% (6%, 134%) higher scores in the third versus first BCIPP tertile among males. Among females, detectable vs non-detectable levels of prenatal BMPP were associated with 69% higher externalizing scores (5%, 170%) while the third versus first tertile of prenatal BBOEP was associated with 45% lower total problems (-68%, -6%). Although the metabolite mixture and each CBCL outcome had null associations, we observed marginal associations between di-n-butyl phosphate and di-isobutyl phosphate (DNBP + DIBP) and higher internalizing scores (0.15; 95% CrI: -0.02, 0.32), holding other metabolites at their median. CONCLUSIONS Our results generally suggest adverse and sex-specific effects of prenatal exposure to previously understudied OPEs on neurobehavioral outcomes in 36-month children, providing evidence of potential OPE neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ixel Hernandez-Castro
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sandrah P Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Caitlin G Howe
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Zhongzheng Niu
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Morgan Robinson
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Helen B Foley
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tingyu Yang
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mario J Vigil
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xinci Chen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brendan Grubbs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Laila Al-Marayati
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rima Habre
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Genevieve F Dunton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shohreh F Farzan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Max T Aung
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carrie V Breton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Theresa M Bastain
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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12
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Tian YX, Chen HY, Ma J, Liu QY, Qu YJ, Zhao WH. A critical review on sources and environmental behavior of organophosphorus flame retardants in the soil: Current knowledge and future perspectives. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 452:131161. [PMID: 37030217 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) have been widely used in industrial and commercial applications. Unfortunately, the chemical constituents of OPFRs, organophosphate esters (OPEs), which have been proven to be carcinogenic and biotoxic, can release into the environment and pose potential risks to human health. This paper reviews the research progress of OPEs in the soil through bibliometric analysis and comprehensively elaborates on their pollution status, potential sources, and environmental behaviors. The OPE pollution is widely distributed in the soil at concentrations ranging from several to tens of thousands of ng/g dw. Some novel OPEs, newly discovered OPEs in the environment in recent years, are also detected. OPE concentrations vary substantially among landuses, and waste processing areas are important point sources of OPE pollution in the soil. Emission source intensity, physicochemical properties of compounds, and soil properties play important roles in the transfer process of OPEs in the soil. Biodegradation, especially microbial degradation, has potential application prospects in the remediation of OPE-contaminated soil. Brevibacillus brevis, Sphingomonas, Sphingopyxis, Rhodococcus, and other microorganisms can degrade some OPEs. This review helps clarify the pollution status of OPEs in the soil and highlights perspectives for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y X Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - H Y Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - J Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Q Y Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Y J Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - W H Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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13
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Hernandez-Castro I, Eckel SP, Howe CG, Niu Z, Kannan K, Robinson M, Foley HB, Grubbs B, Al-Marayati L, Lerner D, Lurvey N, Aung MT, Habre R, Dunton GF, Farzan SF, Breton CV, Bastain TM. Sex-specific effects of prenatal organophosphate ester (OPE) metabolite mixtures and adverse infant birth outcomes in the maternal and developmental risks from environmental and social stressors (MADRES) pregnancy cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 226:115703. [PMID: 36934865 PMCID: PMC10101931 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are used as flame retardants and plasticizers in various consumer products. Limited prior research suggests sex-specific effects of prenatal OPE exposures on fetal development. We evaluated overall and sex-specific associations between prenatal OPE exposures and gestational age (GA) at birth and birthweight for gestational age (BW for GA) z-scores among the predominately low-income, Hispanic MADRES cohort. METHODS Nine OPE metabolite concentrations were measured in 421 maternal urine samples collected during a third trimester visit (GA = 31.5 ± 2.0 weeks). We examined associations between single urinary OPE metabolites and GA at birth and BW for GA z-scores using linear regression models and Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) and effects from OPE mixtures using Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR). We also assessed sex-specific differences in single metabolite analyses by evaluating statistical interactions and stratifying by sex. RESULTS We did not find significant associations between individual OPE metabolites and birth outcomes in the full infant sample; however, we found that higher bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCIPP) was associated with earlier GA at birth among male infants (p = 0.04), and a nonlinear, inverted U-shape association between the sum of dibutyl phosphate and di-isobutyl phosphate (DNBP + DIBP) and GA at birth among female infants (p = 0.03). In mixtures analysis, higher OPE metabolite mixture exposures was associated with lower GA at birth, which was primarily driven by female infants. No associations were observed between OPE mixtures and BW for GA z-scores. CONCLUSION Higher BDCIPP and DNBP + DIBP concentrations were associated with earlier GA at birth among male and female infants, respectively. Higher exposure to OPE mixtures was associated with earlier GA at birth, particularly among female infants. However, we saw no associations between prenatal OPEs and BW for GA. Our results suggest sex-specific impacts of prenatal OPE exposures on GA at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ixel Hernandez-Castro
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sandrah P Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Caitlin G Howe
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Zhongzheng Niu
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Morgan Robinson
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Helen B Foley
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brendan Grubbs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Laila Al-Marayati
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Max T Aung
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rima Habre
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Genevieve F Dunton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shohreh F Farzan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carrie V Breton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Theresa M Bastain
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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14
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Xu Y, Yang L, Teng Y, Li J, Li N. Exploring the underlying molecular mechanism of tri(1,3-dichloropropyl) phosphate-induced neurodevelopmental toxicity via thyroid hormone disruption in zebrafish by multi-omics analysis. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 258:106510. [PMID: 37003012 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Tri(1,3-dichloropropyl) phosphate (TDCPP) is widespread in the environment as a typical thyroid hormone-disrupting chemical. Here, we aimed to explore the toxicological mechanisms of the thyroid hormone-disrupting effects induced by TDCPP in zebrafish embryos/larvae using multi-omics analysis. The results showed that TDCPP (400 and 600 µg/L) induced phenotypic alteration and thyroid hormone imbalance in zebrafish larvae. It resulted in behavioral abnormalities during zebrafish embryonic development, suggesting that this chemical might exhibit neurodevelopmental toxicity. Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis provided consistent evidence at the gene and protein levels that neurodevelopmental disorders were significantly enhanced by TDCPP exposure (p < 0.05). Additionally, multi-omics data indicated that membrane thyroid hormone receptor (mTR)-mediated non-genomic pathways, including cell communication (ECM-receptor interactions, focal adhesion, etc.) and signal transduction pathways (MAPK signaling pathway, calcium signaling pathway, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway, etc.), were significantly disturbed (p < 0.05) and might contribute to the neurodevelopmental toxicity induced by TDCPP. Therefore, behavioral abnormalities and neurodevelopmental disorders might be important phenotypic characteristics of TDCPP-induced thyroid hormone disruption, and mTR-mediated non-genomic networks might participate in the disruptive effects of this chemical. This study provides new insights into the toxicological mechanisms of TDCPP-induced thyroid hormone disruption and proposes a theoretical basis for risk management of this chemical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yanguo Teng
- Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Jian Li
- Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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15
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Cao L, Wei L, Du Q, Su Y, Ye S, Liu K. Spleen Toxicity of Organophosphorus Flame Retardant TDCPP in Mice and the Related Mechanisms. TOXICS 2023; 11:231. [PMID: 36976996 PMCID: PMC10051780 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11030231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP) is an organophosphorus flame retardant that has been utilized in recent years as a primary replacement for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in a wide variety of fire-sensitive applications. However, the impact of TDCPP on the immune system has not been fully determined. As the largest secondary immune organ in the body, the spleen is considered to be an important study endpoint for determining immune defects in the body. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of TDCPP toxicity on the spleen and its possible molecular mechanisms. In this study, for 28 consecutive days, TDCPP was administered intragastrically (i.g), and we assessed the general condition of mice by evaluating their 24 h water and food intake. Pathological changes in spleen tissues were also evaluated at the end of the 28-day exposure. To measure the TDCPP-induced inflammatory response in the spleen and its consequences, the expression of the critical players in the NF-κB pathway and mitochondrial apoptosis were detected. Lastly, RNA-seq was performed to identify the crucial signaling pathways of TDCPP-induced splenic injury. The results showed that TDCPP intragastric exposure triggered an inflammatory response in the spleen, likely through activating the NF-κB/IFN-γ/TNF-α/IL-1β pathway. TDCPP also led to mitochondrial-related apoptosis in the spleen. Further RNA-seq analysis suggested that the TDCPP-mediated immunosuppressive effect is associated with the inhibition of chemokines and the expression of their receptor genes in the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway, including four genes of the CC subfamily, four genes of the CXC subfamily, and one gene of the C subfamily. Taken together, the present study identifies the sub-chronic splenic toxicity of TDCPP and provides insights on the potential mechanisms of TDCPP-induced splenic injury and immune suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanqin Cao
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Lai Wei
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Qiaoyun Du
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Ying Su
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Shuzi Ye
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Kaihua Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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16
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Liu Y, Guo Z, Zhu R, Gou D, Jia PP, Pei DS. An insight into sex-specific neurotoxicity and molecular mechanisms of DEHP: A critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 316:120673. [PMID: 36400143 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Di-2-Ethylhexyl Phthalate (DEHP) is often used as an additive in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) to give plastics flexibility, which makes DEHP widely used in food packaging, daily necessities, medical equipment, and other products. However, due to the unstable combination of DEHP and polymer, it will migrate to the environment in the materials and eventually contact the human body. It has been recorded that low-dose DEHP will increase neurotoxicity in the nervous system, and the human health effects of DEHP have been paid attention to because of the extensive exposure to DEHP and its high absorption during brain development. In this study, we review the evidence that DEHP exposure is associated with neurodevelopmental abnormalities and neurological diseases based on human epidemiological and animal behavioral studies. Besides, we also summarized the oxidative damage, apoptosis, and signal transduction disorder related to neurobehavioral abnormalities and nerve injury, and described the potential mechanisms of neurotoxicity caused by DEHP. Overall, we found exposure to DEHP during the critical developmental period will increase the risk of neurobehavioral abnormalities, depression, and autism spectrum disorders. This effect is sex-specific and will continue to adulthood and even have an intergenerational effect. However, the research results on the sex-dependence of DEHP neurotoxicity are inconsistent, and there is a lack of systematic mechanisms research as theoretical support. Future investigations need to be carried out in a large-scale population and model organisms to produce more consistent and convincing results. And we emphasize the importance of mechanism research, which can enhance the understanding of the environmental and human health risks of DEHP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Liu
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiling Guo
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Ruihong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongzhi Gou
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pan-Pan Jia
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - De-Sheng Pei
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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17
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Wang H, Wang P, Li Q, Li J, Zhang L, Shi H, Li J, Zhang Y. Prenatal Exposure of Organophosphate Esters and Its Trimester-Specific and Gender-Specific Effects on Fetal Growth. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:17018-17028. [PMID: 36375127 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c03732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of organophosphate esters (OPEs) on embryonic development is well noted in animal experiments, but epidemiological studies are still lacking. This study evaluated the prenatal exposure of OPEs and its trimester-specific and gender-specific effects on fetal growth. The correlations between OPE exposure and fetal growth were investigated by linear mixed-effect models and multivariable linear regression analyses. Prenatal exposure to tributyl phosphate (TBP) was negatively associated with a z-score of fetal abdominal circumference (AC), biparietal diameter (BPD), femur length (FL), and head circumference (HC). In the second trimester, the serum concentration of TBP was inversely related to the z-score of AC, BPD, and HC. In the third trimester, serum concentration of TBP was inversely related to AC, BPD, and FL z-scores. Prenatal exposure to tri-m-cresyl phosphate (TMCP) was inversely related to the z-score of AC, BPD, and HC. In the second trimester, TMCP was negatively correlated with AC, BPD, FL, and HC z-scores. After stratification by gender, male fetuses were more sensitive to OPE exposure. The above results remained robust after excluding pregnant women who gave preterm birth or those with low or high pre-pregnancy BMI. Our findings suggested that health effects of typical OPEs, particularly TBP and TMCP, should be taken into consideration in future works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Pengpeng Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jinhong Li
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Liyi Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Huijing Shi
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiufeng Li
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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18
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Qian B, Jiang RJ, Song JL, Wang CQ. Organophosphorus flame retardant TDCPP induces neurotoxicity via mitophagy-related ferroptosis in vivo and in vitro. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136345. [PMID: 36087716 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tris (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP) has neurotoxicity, but its mechanism remains unclear. Evidence recently showed that ferroptosis might be associated with TDCPP-induced neurotoxicity. To explore the role and underlying mechanism of ferroptosis in TDCPP-induced neurotoxicity, the occurrence of ferroptosis was examined in mice and PC12 cells upon TDCPP exposure. The mechanism of TDCPP-induced ferroptosis was clarified in vitro combined with the RNA sequencing assay. The in vivo results showed that orally TDCPP exposure (100 mg/kg, 30 d) inhibited the learning and memory ability of mice, reduced hippocampus neurons, induced malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation, and decreased glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in the hippocampus. Moreover, TDCPP exposure (100 mg/kg, 30 d) altered the ferroptosis and autophagy-related protein abundances in the hippocampus. The in vitro results showed that TDCPP exposure (0, 5, 20, 50, 100, and 200 μM) for 24 h induced dose-dependent cell death in PC12 cells, and the cell death was ameliorated by the co-treatment with ferrostatin-1 (1 μM, 24 h). Similarly, TDCPP exposure (0, 50, 100, and 200 μM) for 24 h increased the levels of MDA and LPO, but decreased the reduced GSH in PC12 cells. Furthermore, TDCPP exposure (0, 50, 100, and 200 μM) for 24 h altered the ferroptosis and autophagy-related protein abundances in PC12 cells. The RNA-sequencing revealed that TDCPP exposure (100 μM, 24 h) induced mitophagy activation in SH-SY5Y cells. Meanwhile, the in vitro experiments confirmed that TDCPP exposure (0, 50, 100, and 200 μM) for 24 h increased abundances of mitophagy-related protein phosphatase and tensin homolog induced kinase 1(PINK1), Parkinson protein 2 E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase (PARKIN), inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 (IP3R1), and voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) in PC12 cells. Moreover, TDCPP treatment (100 μM, 24 h) increased the mitochondrial recruitment of PARKIN, decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) level, and increased the Fe2+ level in mitochondria. In addition, decreased ATP levels and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were observed in PC12 cells upon TDCPP exposure (0, 50, 100, and 200 μM) for 24 h. In summary, ferroptosis was associated with TDCPP-induced neurotoxicity, and the mechanism might be related to PINK1/PARKIN-mediated mitophagy initiated by mitochondrial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Qian
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, People's Republic of China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire Lifecycle Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Rong-Juan Jiang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, People's Republic of China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire Lifecycle Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Jia-Le Song
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, People's Republic of China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire Lifecycle Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China.
| | - Chen-Qiang Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, People's Republic of China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire Lifecycle Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China.
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19
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Zhao Y, Liu W, Zhang D, Shen J, Huang X, Xiao L, Chen X, Lin X, Du S, Liu J, Lu S. Association between organophosphorus flame retardants exposure and cognitive impairment among elderly population in southern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 848:157763. [PMID: 35926617 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The wide application of organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) in consumer products leads to their ubiquitous occurrence. The neurotoxicity of OPFRs has been raised, whereas evidence from the elderly population were rather scarce. Hence, a case-control study was conducted based on the Shenzhen Aging-related Disorder Cohort. A total of 184 cases [Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) < 24] and 795 participants as controls (MMSE ≥24) were recruited. Eight metabolites of OPFRs (m-OPFRs) in urine samples were measured, including bis(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (BBOEP), bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (BCEP), bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCIPP), bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCIPP), dibutyl phosphate (DBP), di-o-cresyl phosphate (DOCP), di-p-cresyl phosphate (DPCP) and diphenyl phosphate (DPHP). The detection frequencies of m-OPFRs ranged from 88.8 % to 95.4 %. BCEP had the highest median concentration (0.93 μg/L), followed by BCIPP (0.32 μg/L), DPHP (0.27 μg/L) and DBP (0.20 μg/L). Significant correlations were found between all pairs of urinary m-OPFRs with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.22 to 0.71 (p< 0.05). Logistic regression models showed that urinary concentrations of BDCIPP (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 1.25, 95 % confidential interval [CI]: 1.04-1.50) and DBP (adjusted OR: 1.10, 95 % CI: 1.01-1.20) were positively associated with lower cognitive functions. Furthermore, a nonlinear dose-response relationship was found between urinary BDCIPP concentration and cognitive decline. To our knowledge, this is the first report on OPFR exposure and cognitive impairment among elderly population. Further toxicological tests of BDCIPP and DBP are needed to illustrate these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Duo Zhang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Junchun Shen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xinfeng Huang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lehan Xiao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaoying Lin
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Sijin Du
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Shaoyou Lu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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20
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Pan HY, Cheng FJ, Huang KC, Kung CT, Huang WT, You HL, Li SH, Wang CC, Lee WC, Hsu PC. Exposure to tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate induces abnormal sperm morphology and testicular histopathology in male rats. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 241:113718. [PMID: 35660377 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP) is one of the most abundant organophosphate flame retardants in the environment. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of TBEP exposure during adolescence on male reproductive function in adult rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with 20 and 200 mg/kg body weight of TBEP or corn oil from postnatal day (PND) 42 to PND 105. A significant increase in the proportion of sperm with abnormal morphology (flattened head and bent tail) and superoxide anion (O2-.) production in the sperm of the 200 mg/kg treated group was observed (p < 0.05). Excessive production of sperm hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was found in both the 20 and 200 mg/kg treatment groups (p < 0.05). Disruption of testicular structure was observed in the 20 and 200 mg/kg treated groups and seminiferous tubule degeneration was observed in the 200 mg/kg treated group. Our study demonstrated the adverse effects of TBEP on male reproductive function in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Yung Pan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung County, Taiwan; Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Jen Cheng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung County, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chen Huang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung County, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Te Kung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung County, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ting Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Ling You
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shau-Hsuan Li
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chou Wang
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chin Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chi Hsu
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Taiwan.
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21
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Marinello WP, Gillera SEA, Fanning MJ, Malinsky LB, Rhodes CL, Horman BM, Patisaul HB. Effects of developmental exposure to FireMaster® 550 (FM 550) on microglia density, reactivity and morphology in a prosocial animal model. Neurotoxicology 2022; 91:140-154. [PMID: 35526706 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Microglia are known to shape brain sex differences critical for social and reproductive behaviors. Chemical exposures can disrupt brain sexual differentiation but there is limited data regarding how they may impact microglia distribution and function. We focused on the prevalent flame retardant mixture Firemaster 550 (FM 550) which is used in foam-based furniture and infant products including strollers and nursing pillows because it disrupts sexually dimorphic behaviors. We hypothesized early life FM 550 exposure would disrupt microglial distribution and reactivity in brain regions known to be highly sexually dimorphic or associated with social disorders in humans. We used prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) because they display spontaneous prosocial behaviors not seen in rats or mice and are thus a powerful model for studying chemical exposure-related impacts on social behaviors and their underlying neural systems. We have previously demonstrated that perinatal FM 550 exposure sex-specifically impacts socioemotional behaviors in prairie voles. We first established that, unlike in rats, the postnatal colonization of the prairie vole brain is not sexually dimorphic. Vole dams were then exposed to FM 550 (0, 500, 1000, 2000 µg/day) via subcutaneous injections through gestation, and pups were directly exposed beginning the day after birth until weaning. Adult offspring's brains were assessed for number and type (ramified, intermediate, ameboid) of microglia in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), cerebellum (lobules VI-VII) and amygdala. Effects were sex- and dose-specific in the regions of interests. Overall, FM 550 exposure resulted in reduced numbers of microglia in most regions examined, with the 1000 µg FM 550 exposed males particularly affected. To further quantify differences in microglia morphology in the 1000 µg FM 550 group, Sholl and skeleton analysis were carried out on individual microglia. Microglia from control females had a more ramified phenotype compared to control males while 1000 µg FM 550-exposed males had decreased branching and ramification compared to same-sex controls. Future studies will examine the impact on the exposure to FM 550 on microglia during development given the critical role of these cells in shaping neural circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P Marinello
- Department of Biological Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | | | - Marley J Fanning
- Department of Biological Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Lacey B Malinsky
- Department of Biological Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Cassie L Rhodes
- Department of Biological Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Brian M Horman
- Department of Biological Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Heather B Patisaul
- Department of Biological Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Center for Human Health and the Environment, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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22
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A single-cell survey unveils cellular heterogeneity and sensitive responses in mouse cortices induced by oral exposure to triphenyl phosphate. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:2545-2557. [PMID: 35752650 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03301-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) is a non-halogenated organophosphorus flame retardant, and there is a higher exposure risk in children. TPhP has been found to be neurotoxic upon developmental exposure, yet the specific mechanism remains unclear. To characterize the cellular responses underlying TPhP-induced developmental neurotoxicity, we administered TPhP (0.5, 5 or 50 mg/kg/day) to neonatal mice from postnatal day 10 (P10)-P70. A total of 17,229 cells and 26,338 genes were identified in cortical samples from control and low-dose (the internal doses of metabolite DPhP comparable to human exposure level) groups using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). TPhP exposure led to heterogeneous transcriptional alterations and intercellular crosstalk among neurons, neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs), endothelial cells, and immunocytes. Deprivation of NSPCs, loss of mature neurons, and concomitant neuroinflammation mediated by extrinsic and intrinsic immunocytes were found in TPhP-exposed cortices. In addition, we observed blood-brain barrier destruction prior to the anxiety/depression-like neurobehavioral changes. These results reveal the distinctive cellular processes in TPhP's neurodevelopmental toxicity and uncover that the impeded neurogenesis, disrupted vascular barrier, and concomitant neuroinflammation are the sensitive responses to TPhP exposure. Our study paves the way for the application of scRNA-seq in toxicity assessments for emerging neurotoxic pollutants.
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23
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Zhang X, Zhang Q, Shan Y, Xiao J, Cheng J, Ye F, Sai Y. Transcriptomic investigation of the effects of TDCPP on PC12 and GC2 cells with experimental validation. Gene X 2022; 822:146349. [PMID: 35182677 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
TDCPP is a flame retardant which has nervous and reproductive toxicity. Although there is a close association between nervous and reproductive system, the exact toxic mechanism of TDCPP in these systems is still seldom, especially in a genome scale. In this study, we explored the transcriptomic landscape of TDCPP in PC12 and GC2 cells using RNAseq method. A total of 465 co-differential expressed genes were found. These genes were mainly enriched in extra-cellular matrix, cell adhesion, cell cycle arrest, oxidoreductase activity GO terms, and PI3K/AKT, focal adhesion, ECM-receptor interaction KEGG pathways. Hub genes (ANXA1, COL27A1, GAS6, GNB4 and THBS1) were extracted using STRING and confirmed by qPCR experiment. Vimentin, HSPA5 and Caspase3 were proved to be responsible to TDCPP in GC2 and PC12 cells. Knockdown assay in PC12 cells showed that these hub genes could also affect the protein expression of vimentin, HSPA5 and Caspase3. In summary, TDCPP might exert its toxic effect through disturbing focal adhesion, ECM-receptor interaction and PI3K/Akt pathways. One of the mechanisms could be influence on the cytoskeleton (vimentin), ER stress (HSPA5) and apoptosis (Caspase3). The sequence data in this study might be a useful resource for future TDCPP related researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Qifu Zhang
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yaohui Shan
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jingsong Xiao
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jin Cheng
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Feng Ye
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yan Sai
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
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24
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Liu X, Lu X, Hong J, Zhang J, Lin J, Jiang M, Liu Q, Choi K, Zhang J. Effects of long‐term exposure to TDCPP in zebrafish (
Danio rerio
) – Alternations of hormone balance and gene transcriptions along hypothalamus‐pituitary axes. Animal Model Exp Med 2022; 5:239-247. [PMID: 35234363 PMCID: PMC9240729 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background TDCPP is one of the major chemical of organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) that has been detected ubiquitously in both the environment and biota. Previously we observed that it influenced the concentrations of sex and thyroid hormones in a sex‐dependent pattern, leading to reproductive impairments after short‐term exposure in zebrafish. Here we investigate the consequences of longer‐term exposure to TDCPP on the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonad (HPG), hypothalamic‐pituitary‐interrenal (HPI), and hypothalamic‐pituitary‐thyroid (HPT) axes of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Methods A 120‐day exposure test to 0.005, 0.05 and 0.5 mg/L TDCPP was initiated with fertilized eggs. Sex steroid hormones in the treated fishes were measured and transcriptional changes were analyzed. Results In female fish, exposure to TDCPP resulted in increases in plasma cortisol, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), 17β‐estradiol (E2), cortisol, thyroxine (T4), and triiodothyronine (T3). Transcription of most target genes along HPG, HPI and HPT axes were increased by the exposure. While in male fish the exposure led to decreases in cortisol, FSH, LH, T4, T3, testosterone (T), and 11‐ketotestosterone (11‐KT). Transcription of genes along HPG, HPI and HPT axes, especially steroidogenic genes, were inhibited in male zebrafish. While, E2/T or E2/11‐KT ratio was increased in both female and females. The sex‐dependent changes in hormones might be due to differential responses to TDCPP induced stresses. An increase in cortisol level coincided with increases in E2 and THs in female fish, while in males decreases in cortisol as well as T, 11‐KT and THs were observed. Long‐term exposure to TDCPP at very low (μg/L) concentrations could disrupt hormone balances in a sex dependent way. Conclusion This study revealed that TDCPP could affect endocrine axes – HPG, HPI and HPT – in zebrafish, and impair zebrafish development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshan Liu
- School of Public Health Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Guangdong Medical University Guangdong China
| | - Xiaoxun Lu
- School of Public Health Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Guangdong Medical University Guangdong China
| | - Jiabin Hong
- School of Public Health Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Guangdong Medical University Guangdong China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Public Health Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Guangdong Medical University Guangdong China
| | - Juntong Lin
- School of Public Health Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Guangdong Medical University Guangdong China
| | - Mengzhu Jiang
- School of Public Health Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Guangdong Medical University Guangdong China
| | - Qian Liu
- School of Public Health Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Guangdong Medical University Guangdong China
| | - Kyungho Choi
- Graduate School of Public Health and Institute of Health and Environment Seoul National University Seoul Korea
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University & Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Model for Development and Disease Guangdong Medical University Zhanjiang China
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang Zhanjiang Guangdong China
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25
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Dietary Exposure to Flame Retardant Tris (2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate Altered Neurobehavior and Neuroinflammatory Responses in a Mouse Model of Allergic Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020655. [PMID: 35054842 PMCID: PMC8775746 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tris (2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP) is an organophosphate flame retardant and used as a plasticizer in various household products such as plastics, floor polish, varnish, textiles, furniture, and electronic equipment. However, little is known about the effects of TBEP on the brain and behavior. We aimed to examine the effects of dietary exposure of TBEP on memory functions, their-related genes, and inflammatory molecular markers in the brain of allergic asthmatic mouse models. C3H/HeJSlc male mice were given diet containing TBEP (0.02 (TBEP-L), 0.2 (TBEP-M), or 2 (TBEP-H) μg/kg/day) and ovalbumin (OVA) intratracheally every other week from 5 to 11 weeks old. A novel object recognition test was conducted in each mouse at 11 weeks old. The hippocampi were collected to detect neurological, glia, and immunological molecular markers using the real-time RT-PCR method and immunohistochemical analyses. Mast cells and microglia were examined by toluidine blue staining and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule (Iba)-1 immunoreactivity, respectively. Impaired discrimination ability was observed in TBEP-H-exposed mice with or without allergen. The mRNA expression levels of N-methyl-D aspartate receptor subunits Nr1 and Nr2b, inflammatory molecular markers tumor necrosis factor-α oxidative stress marker heme oxygenase 1, microglia marker Iba1, and astrocyte marker glial fibrillary acidic protein were significantly increased in TBEP-H-exposed mice with or without allergen. Microglia and mast cells activation were remarkable in TBEP-H-exposed allergic asthmatic mice. Our results indicate that chronic exposure to TBEP with or without allergen impaired object recognition ability accompanied with alteration of molecular expression of neuronal and glial markers and inflammatory markers in the hippocampus of mice. Neuron-glia-mast cells interaction may play a role in TBEP-induced neurobehavioral toxicity.
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Patisaul HB, Behl M, Birnbaum LS, Blum A, Diamond ML, Rojello Fernández S, Hogberg HT, Kwiatkowski CF, Page JD, Soehl A, Stapleton HM. Beyond Cholinesterase Inhibition: Developmental Neurotoxicity of Organophosphate Ester Flame Retardants and Plasticizers. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2021; 129:105001. [PMID: 34612677 PMCID: PMC8493874 DOI: 10.1289/ehp9285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, the toxicity of organophosphate esters has primarily been studied regarding their use as pesticides and their effects on the neurotransmitter acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Currently, flame retardants and plasticizers are the two largest market segments for organophosphate esters and they are found in a wide variety of products, including electronics, building materials, vehicles, furniture, car seats, plastics, and textiles. As a result, organophosphate esters and their metabolites are routinely found in human urine, blood, placental tissue, and breast milk across the globe. It has been asserted that their neurological effects are minimal given that they do not act on AChE in precisely the same way as organophosphate ester pesticides. OBJECTIVES This commentary describes research on the non-AChE neurodevelopmental toxicity of organophosphate esters used as flame retardants and plasticizers (OPEs). Studies in humans, mammalian, nonmammalian, and in vitro models are presented, and relevant neurodevelopmental pathways, including adverse outcome pathways, are described. By highlighting this scientific evidence, we hope to elevate the level of concern for widespread human exposure to these OPEs and to provide recommendations for how to better protect public health. DISCUSSION Collectively, the findings presented demonstrate that OPEs can alter neurodevelopmental processes by interfering with noncholinergic pathways at environmentally relevant doses. Application of a pathways framework indicates several specific mechanisms of action, including perturbation of glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid and disruption of the endocrine system. The effects may have implications for the development of cognitive and social skills in children. Our conclusion is that concern is warranted for the developmental neurotoxicity of OPE exposure. We thus describe important considerations for reducing harm and to provide recommendations for government and industry decision makers. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP9285.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather B. Patisaul
- College of Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mamta Behl
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Linda S. Birnbaum
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Arlene Blum
- Green Science Policy Institute, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | | | | | - Helena T. Hogberg
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Carol F. Kwiatkowski
- Green Science Policy Institute, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jamie D. Page
- Cancer Prevention & Education Society, Meads House, Leighterton, Tetbury, Gloucestershire, UK
| | - Anna Soehl
- Green Science Policy Institute, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Heather M. Stapleton
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Percy Z, Vuong AM, Xu Y, Xie C, Ospina M, Calafat AM, Lanphear BP, Braun JM, Cecil KM, Dietrich KN, Chen A, Yolton K. Prenatal exposure to a mixture of organophosphate esters and intelligence among 8-year-old children of the HOME Study. Neurotoxicology 2021; 87:149-155. [PMID: 34582899 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Many environmental chemicals are being identified as suspected neurotoxicants based on the findings of both experimental and epidemiological studies. Organophosphate esters (OPEs), which are among the chemicals that have replaced neurotoxic polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) after 2004, have also become an important public health topic as evidence regarding their potential for early-life neurotoxicity is growing. In 233 mother child pairs from Cincinnati, OH, we measured concentrations of the OPE metabolites bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCIPP), bis-2-chloroethyl phosphate (BCEP), diphenyl phosphate (DPHP), and di-n-butyl phosphate (DNBP) in the urine of pregnant women at 16 and 26 weeks gestation and at delivery. At age 8 years, we assessed children's cognition using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV. In models adjusted for maternal race, income, body mass index, and IQ, maternal urinary BCEP was associated with a modest increase in child full-scale IQ (ß: 0.81 per a ln-unit BCEP increase; 95 % CI: 0.00, 1.61) while other OPEs were not associated with changes in full-scale IQ or any IQ subscales. Maternal serum PBDE concentrations did not confound the relationships between urinary OPE metabolites and child IQ. Using Bayesian kernel machine regression, we did not find that concentrations of a mixture of OPE metabolites during gestation was associated with any child cognition measures. The results of this study are not consistent with other published work, and a larger sample size would be beneficial to explore potential associations more fully. Therefore, additional studies are necessary to continue studying prenatal OPE exposure and child neurodevelopment and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zana Percy
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Ann M Vuong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Yingying Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Changchun Xie
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Maria Ospina
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Bruce P Lanphear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Kim M Cecil
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Kim N Dietrich
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
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Zhong X, Yu Y, Wang C, Zhu Q, Wu J, Ke W, Ji D, Niu C, Yang X, Wei Y. Hippocampal proteomic analysis reveals the disturbance of synaptogenesis and neurotransmission induced by developmental exposure to organophosphate flame retardant triphenyl phosphate. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 404:124111. [PMID: 33189059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
With the spread of organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs), the environmental and health risks they induce are attracting attention. Triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) is a popular alternative to brominated flame retardant and halogenated OPFRs. Neurodevelopmental toxicity is TPHP's primary adverse effect, whereas the biomarkers and the modes of action have yet to be elucidated. In the present study, 0.5, 5, and 50 mg/kg of TPHP were orally administered to mice from postnatal day 10 (P10) to P70. The behavioral tests showed a compromised learning and memory capability. Proteomic analysis of the hippocampus exposed to 0.5 or 50 mg/kg of TPHP identified 531 differentially expressed proteins that were mainly involved in axon guidance, synaptic function, neurotransmitter transport, exocytosis, and energy metabolism. Immunoblot and immunofluorescence analysis showed that exposure to TPHP reduced the protein levels of TUBB3 and SYP in the synapses of hippocampal neurons. TPHP exposure also downregulated the gene expression of neurotransmitter receptors including Grins, Htr1α, and Adra1α in a dose-dependent fashion. Moreover, the calcium-dependent synaptic exocytosis governed by synaptic vesicle proteins STX1A and SYT1 was inhibited in the TPHP-treated hippocampus. Our results reveal that TPHP exposure causes abnormal learning and memory behaviors by disturbing synaptogenesis and neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiali Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yuejin Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Can Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qicheng Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jingwei Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Weijian Ke
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Di Ji
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Congying Niu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xifei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Medical Key Subject of Health Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Yanhong Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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