1
|
Van NTH, Kim WK, Nam JH. Challenges in the Therapeutic Targeting of KCa Channels: From Basic Physiology to Clinical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2965. [PMID: 38474212 PMCID: PMC10932353 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Calcium-activated potassium (KCa) channels are ubiquitously expressed throughout the body and are able to regulate membrane potential and intracellular calcium concentrations, thereby playing key roles in cellular physiology and signal transmission. Consequently, it is unsurprising that KCa channels have been implicated in various diseases, making them potential targets for pharmaceutical interventions. Over the past two decades, numerous studies have been conducted to develop KCa channel-targeting drugs, including those for disorders of the central and peripheral nervous, cardiovascular, and urinary systems and for cancer. In this review, we synthesize recent findings regarding the structure and activating mechanisms of KCa channels. We also discuss the role of KCa channel modulators in therapeutic medicine. Finally, we identify the major reasons behind the delay in bringing these modulators to the pharmaceutical market and propose new strategies to promote their application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nhung Thi Hong Van
- Department of Physiology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea;
- Channelopathy Research Center (CRC), Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Kyung Kim
- Channelopathy Research Center (CRC), Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Nam
- Department of Physiology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea;
- Channelopathy Research Center (CRC), Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ciccone L, Piragine E, Brogi S, Camodeca C, Fucci R, Calderone V, Nencetti S, Martelli A, Orlandini E. Resveratrol-like Compounds as SIRT1 Activators. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315105. [PMID: 36499460 PMCID: PMC9738298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) activator resveratrol has emerged as a promising candidate for the prevention of vascular oxidative stress, which is a trigger for endothelial dysfunction. However, its clinical use is limited by low oral bioavailability. In this work, we have applied a previously developed computational protocol to identify the most promising derivatives from our in-house chemical library of resveratrol derivatives. The most promising compounds in terms of SIRT1 activation and oral bioavailability, predicted in silico, were evaluated for their ability to activate the isolated SIRT1 enzyme. Then, we assessed the antioxidant effects of the most effective derivative, compound 3d, in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) injured with H2O2 100 µM. The SIRT1 activator 3d significantly preserved cell viability and prevented an intracellular reactive oxygen species increase in HUVECs exposed to the oxidative stimulus. Such effects were partially reduced in the presence of a sirtuin inhibitor, sirtinol, confirming the potential role of sirtuins in the activity of resveratrol and its derivatives. Although 3d appeared less effective than resveratrol in activating the isolated enzyme, the effects exhibited by both compounds in HUVECs were almost superimposable, suggesting a higher ability of 3d to cross cell membranes and activate the intracellular target SIRT1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Ciccone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Center for Instrument Sharing, University of Pisa (CISUP), Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Eugenia Piragine
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Simone Brogi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Caterina Camodeca
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Raffaele Fucci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Center for Instrument Sharing, University of Pisa (CISUP), Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Susanna Nencetti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Center for Instrument Sharing, University of Pisa (CISUP), Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.N.); (A.M.)
| | - Alma Martelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Center for Instrument Sharing, University of Pisa (CISUP), Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.N.); (A.M.)
| | - Elisabetta Orlandini
- Department of Earth Science, University of Pisa, Via Santa Maria 53, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Research Centre E. Piaggio, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Martelli A, Flori L, Gorica E, Piragine E, Saviano A, Annunziata G, Di Minno MND, Ciampaglia R, Calcaterra I, Maione F, Tenore GC, Novellino E, Calderone V. Vascular Effects of the Polyphenolic Nutraceutical Supplement Taurisolo ®: Focus on the Protection of the Endothelial Function. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051540. [PMID: 34063322 PMCID: PMC8147644 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Preservation of vascular endothelium integrity and functionality represents an unmet medical need. Indeed, endothelial dysfunction leads to decreased nitric oxide biosynthesis, which is prodromic of hypertension and hypercoagulability. In this panorama, the nutraceutical supplement Taurisolo®, a polyphenolic extract from Aglianico cultivar grape, rich in catechin and procyanidins, was evaluated as a vasoprotective, vasorelaxing, anti-hypertensive and anti-coagulant agent in: cell lines, isolated vessels, in vivo models of chronic hypertension and hypercoagulability, and in clinical tests of endothelial reactivity. Taurisolo® demonstrated to fully protect vascular cell viability from oxidative stimulus at 100 µg/mL and evoke vasorelaxing effects (Emax = 80.6% ± 1.9 and pEC50 = 1.19 ± 0.03) by activation of the Sirtuins-AMPK-pathway. Moreover, Taurisolo®, chronically administered at 20 mg/Kg/die in in vivo experiments, inhibited the onset of cardiac hypertrophy (heart weight/rat weight = 3.96 ± 0.09 vs. 4.30 ± 0.03), hypercoagulability (decrease of fibrinogen vs. control: p < 0.01) and hypertension (mean of Psys: 200 ± 2 vs. control 234 ± 2 mmHg) and improved endothelial function (Emax = 88.9% ± 1.5 vs. control 59.6% ± 3.6; flow-mediated dilation in healthy volunteers after 400 mg twice daily for 8 weeks vs. baseline: p = 0.019). In conclusion, Taurisolo® preserves the vascular function against ox-inflamm-ageing process and the consequent cardiovascular accidents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alma Martelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (E.G.); (E.P.); (V.C.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutrafood: Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute”, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Biology and Pathology of Ageing”, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Lorenzo Flori
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (E.G.); (E.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Era Gorica
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (E.G.); (E.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Eugenia Piragine
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (E.G.); (E.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Anella Saviano
- ImmunoPharmaLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.S.); (F.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Annunziata
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.A.); (R.C.); (G.C.T.); (E.N.)
| | - Matteo Nicola Dario Di Minno
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Roberto Ciampaglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.A.); (R.C.); (G.C.T.); (E.N.)
| | - Ilenia Calcaterra
- Department of Clinic Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Francesco Maione
- ImmunoPharmaLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.S.); (F.M.)
| | - Gian Carlo Tenore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.A.); (R.C.); (G.C.T.); (E.N.)
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.A.); (R.C.); (G.C.T.); (E.N.)
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (E.G.); (E.P.); (V.C.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutrafood: Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute”, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Biology and Pathology of Ageing”, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Barresi E, Nesi G, Citi V, Piragine E, Piano I, Taliani S, Da Settimo F, Rapposelli S, Testai L, Breschi MC, Gargini C, Calderone V, Martelli A. Iminothioethers as Hydrogen Sulfide Donors: From the Gasotransmitter Release to the Vascular Effects. J Med Chem 2017; 60:7512-7523. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Barresi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Nesi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Citi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Eugenia Piragine
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Piano
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sabrina Taliani
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Federico Da Settimo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Simona Rapposelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lara Testai
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Gargini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alma Martelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Calycosin and Formononetin Induce Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation by the Activation of Large-Conductance Ca 2+-Activated K + Channels (BK Ca). EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:5272531. [PMID: 27994632 PMCID: PMC5141325 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5272531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Calycosin and formononetin are two structurally similar isoflavonoids that have been shown to induce vasodilation in aorta and conduit arteries, but study of their actions on endothelial functions is lacking. Here, we demonstrated that both isoflavonoids relaxed rat mesenteric resistance arteries in a concentration-dependent manner, which was reduced by endothelial disruption and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition, indicating the involvement of both endothelium and vascular smooth muscle. In addition, the endothelium-dependent vasodilation, but not the endothelium-independent vasodilation, was blocked by BKCa inhibitor iberiotoxin (IbTX). Using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) as a model, we showed calycosin and formononetin induced dose-dependent outwardly rectifying K+ currents using whole cell patch clamp. These currents were blocked by tetraethylammonium chloride (TEACl), charybdotoxin (ChTX), or IbTX, but not apamin. We further demonstrated that both isoflavonoids significantly increased nitric oxide (NO) production and upregulated the activities and expressions of endothelial NOS (eNOS) and neuronal NOS (nNOS). These results suggested that calycosin and formononetin act as endothelial BKCa activators for mediating endothelium-dependent vasodilation through enhancing endothelium hyperpolarization and NO production. Since activation of BKCa plays a role in improving behavioral and cognitive disorders, we suggested that these two isoflavonoids could provide beneficial effects to cognitive disorders through vascular regulation.
Collapse
|
6
|
Hoshi T, Heinemann SH. Modulation of BK Channels by Small Endogenous Molecules and Pharmaceutical Channel Openers. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2016; 128:193-237. [PMID: 27238265 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2016.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Voltage- and Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels of big conductance (BK channels) are abundantly found in various organs and their relevance for smooth muscle tone and neuronal signaling is well documented. Dysfunction of BK channels is implicated in an array of human diseases involving many organs including the nervous, pulmonary, cardiovascular, renal, and urinary systems. In humans a single gene (KCNMA1) encodes the pore-forming α subunit (Slo1) of BK channels, but the channel properties are variable because of alternative splicing, tissue- and subcellular-specific auxiliary subunits (β, γ), posttranslational modifications, and a multitude of endogenous signaling molecules directly affecting the channel function. Initiatives to develop drugs capable of activating BK channels (channel openers) therefore need to consider the tissue-specific variability of BK channel structure and the potential interference with endogenously produced regulatory factors. The atomic structural basis of BK channel function is only beginning to be revealed. However, building on detailed knowledge of BK channel function, including its single-channel characteristics, voltage- and Ca(2+) dependence of channel gating, and modulation by diffusible messengers, a multi-tier allosteric model of BK channel gating (Horrigan and Aldrich (HA) model) has become a valuable tool in studying modulation of the channel. Using the conceptual framework of the HA model, we here review the functional impact of endogenous modulatory factors and select small synthetic compounds that regulate BK channel activity. Furthermore, we devise experimental approaches for studying BK channel-drug interactions with the aim to classify BK-modulating substances according to their molecular mode of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Hoshi
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| | - S H Heinemann
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena & Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tang PCT, Ng YF, Ho S, Gyda M, Chan SW. Resveratrol and cardiovascular health--promising therapeutic or hopeless illusion? Pharmacol Res 2014; 90:88-115. [PMID: 25151891 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) is a natural polyphenolic compound that exists in Polygonum cuspidatum, grapes, peanuts and berries, as well as their manufactured products, especially red wine. Resveratrol is a pharmacologically active compound that interacts with multiple targets in a variety of cardiovascular disease models to exert protective effects or induce a reduction in cardiovascular risks parameters. This review attempts to primarily serve to summarize the current research findings regarding the putative cardioprotective effects of resveratrol and the molecular pathways underlying these effects. One intent is to hopefully provide a relatively comprehensive resource for clues that may prompt ideas for additional mechanistic studies which might further elucidate and strengthen the role of the stilbene family of compounds in cardiovascular disease and cardioprotection. Model systems that incorporate a significant functional association with tissues outside of the cardiovascular system proper, such as adipose (cell culture, obesity models) and pancreatic (diabetes) tissues, were reviewed, and the molecular pathways and/or targets related to these models and influenced by resveratrol are discussed. Because the body of work encompassing the stilbenes and other phytochemicals in the context of longevity and the ability to presumably mitigate a plethora of afflictions is replete with conflicting information and controversy, especially so with respect to the human response, we tried to remain as neutral as possible in compiling and presenting the more current data with minimal commentary, permitting the reader free reign to extract the knowledge most helpful to their own investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Chiu-Tsun Tang
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yam-Fung Ng
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Susan Ho
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Michael Gyda
- Life Sciences Multimedia Productions, Drexel Hill, PA, USA.
| | - Shun-Wan Chan
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology, Shenzhen, China; Food Safety and Technology Research Centre, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hamza SM, Dyck JRB. Systemic and renal oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of hypertension: modulation of long-term control of arterial blood pressure by resveratrol. Front Physiol 2014; 5:292. [PMID: 25140155 PMCID: PMC4122172 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension affects over 25% of the global population and is associated with grave and often fatal complications that affect many organ systems. Although great advancements have been made in the clinical assessment and treatment of hypertension, the cause of hypertension in over 90% of these patients is unknown, which hampers the development of targeted and more effective treatment. The etiology of hypertension involves multiple pathological processes and organ systems, however one unifying feature of all of these contributing factors is oxidative stress. Once the body's natural anti-oxidant defense mechanisms are overwhelmed, reactive oxygen species (ROS) begin to accumulate in the tissues. ROS play important roles in normal regulation of many physiological processes, however in excess they are detrimental and cause widespread cell and tissue damage as well as derangements in many physiological processes. Thus, control of oxidative stress has become an attractive target for pharmacotherapy to prevent and manage hypertension. Resveratrol (trans-3,5,4'-Trihydroxystilbene) is a naturally occurring polyphenol which has anti-oxidant effects in vivo. Many studies have shown anti-hypertensive effects of resveratrol in different pre-clinical models of hypertension, via a multitude of mechanisms that include its function as an anti-oxidant. However, results have been mixed and in some cases resveratrol has no effect on blood pressure. This may be due to the heavy emphasis on peripheral vasodilator effects of resveratrol and virtually no investigation of its potential renal effects. This is particularly troubling in the arena of hypertension, where it is well known and accepted that the kidney plays an essential role in the long term regulation of arterial pressure and a vital role in the initiation, development and maintenance of chronic hypertension. It is thus the focus of this review to discuss the potential of resveratrol as an anti-hypertensive treatment via amelioration of oxidative stress within the framework of the fundamental physiological principles of long term regulation of arterial blood pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shereen M. Hamza
- Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of AlbertaEdmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jason R. B. Dyck
- Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of AlbertaEdmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of AlbertaEdmonton, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
McCalley AE, Kaja S, Payne AJ, Koulen P. Resveratrol and calcium signaling: molecular mechanisms and clinical relevance. Molecules 2014; 19:7327-40. [PMID: 24905603 PMCID: PMC4160047 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19067327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol is a naturally occurring compound contributing to cellular defense mechanisms in plants. Its use as a nutritional component and/or supplement in a number of diseases, disorders, and syndromes such as chronic diseases of the central nervous system, cancer, inflammatory diseases, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases has prompted great interest in the underlying molecular mechanisms of action. The present review focuses on resveratrol, specifically its isomer trans-resveratrol, and its effects on intracellular calcium signaling mechanisms. As resveratrol's mechanisms of action are likely pleiotropic, its effects and interactions with key signaling proteins controlling cellular calcium homeostasis are reviewed and discussed. The clinical relevance of resveratrol's actions on excitable cells, transformed or cancer cells, immune cells and retinal pigment epithelial cells are contrasted with a review of the molecular mechanisms affecting calcium signaling proteins on the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria. The present review emphasizes the correlation between molecular mechanisms of action that have recently been identified for resveratrol and their clinical implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey E McCalley
- Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2411 Holmes St., Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
| | - Simon Kaja
- Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2411 Holmes St., Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
| | - Andrew J Payne
- Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2411 Holmes St., Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
| | - Peter Koulen
- Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2411 Holmes St., Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kirby RW, Martelli A, Calderone V, McKay NG, Lawson K. Large conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channel (BKCa) activating properties of a series of novel N-arylbenzamides: Channel subunit dependent effects. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:4186-91. [PMID: 23707646 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Large conductance calcium activated potassium channels (BKCa) are fundamental in the control of cellular excitability. Thus, compounds that activate BKCa channels could provide potential therapies in the treatment of pathologies of the cardiovascular and central nervous system. A series of novel N-arylbenzamide compounds, and the reference compound NS1619, were evaluated for BKCa channel opener properties in Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK293) cells expressing the human BKCa channel α-subunit alone or α+β1-subunit complex. Channel activity was determined using a non-radioactive Rb(+) efflux assay to construct concentration effect curves for each compound. All N-arylbenzamide compounds and NS1619 evoked significant (p <0.05) concentration related increases in Rb(+) efflux both in cells expressing α-subunit alone or α+β1-subunits. Co-expression of the β1-subunit modified the Rb(+) efflux responses, relative to that obtained in cells expressing the α-subunit alone, for most of the N-arylbenzamide compounds, in contrast to NS1619. The EC40 values of NS1619, BKMe1 and BKOEt1 were not significantly affected by the co-expression of the BKCa channel α+β1-subunits. In contrast, 5 other N-arylbenzamides (BKPr2, BKPr3, BKPr4, BKH1 and BKVV) showed a significant (p <0.05) 2- to 10-fold increase in EC40 values when tested on the BKCa α+β1-subunit expressing cells compared to BKCa α-subunit expressing cells. Further, the Emax values for BKPr4, BKVV and BKH1 were lower in the BKCa channel α+β1-subunit expressing cells. In conclusion, the N-arylbenzamides studied, like NS1619, were able to activate BKCa channels formed of the α-subunit only. The co-expression of the β1-subunit, however, modified the ability of certain compounds to active the channel leading to differentiated pharmacodynamic profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R W Kirby
- Sheffield Hallam University, Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, City Campus, Howard Street, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
The potent relaxant effect of resveratrol in rat corpus cavernosum and its underlying mechanisms. Int J Impot Res 2013; 25:188-93. [PMID: 23466662 DOI: 10.1038/ijir.2013.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Revised: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the relaxant effect of resveratrol (RVT), one of the most commonly employed dietary polyphenols, in rat corpus cavernosum, and to further investigate the contribution of possible underlying mechanisms. Strips of corpus cavernosum were used in organ baths for isometric tension studies. RVT (10(-6)-10(-4) M) produced concentration-dependent relaxation responses in rat corpus cavernosum precontracted by phenylephrine. The relaxant responses to RVT partially, but significantly inhibited by removal of endothelium. Nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) blocker N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 10(-4) M) or soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ, 10(-5) M) caused a significant inhibition on relaxation response to RVT, whereas cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (10(-5) M) did not significantly alter relaxant responses of corpus cavernosum strips to RVT. Corpus cavernosum contractions induced by stepwise addition to Ca2+ to high KCl solution with no Ca2+ were significantly inhibited by RVT incubation. The treatment of corpus cavernosum tissues with non-specific potassium channel inhibitor tetraethylammonium (TEA, 10(-2) M) did also significantly affect the relaxant activity of RVT. Otherwise, the relaxation response of corpus cavernosum induced by the phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor sildenafil increased significantly in the group pretreated with 10(-5) M RVT. These results demonstrated that RVT has a potent relaxant effect on rat corpus cavernosum via endothelium-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Endothelium-dependent relaxation of corpus cavernosum to RVT is thought to be mediated primarily through NO/cGMP signaling pathway, and possibly an additional mechanism, endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization factor (EDHF). The residual endothelium-independent corpus cavernosum relaxation induced by RVT is uncertain but seems to depend on the interactions of RVT with Ca2+ entry mechanism from the extracellular space and also other undefined direct effects in this tissue.
Collapse
|
12
|
Song YM, Ha YM, Kim JA, Chung KW, Uehara Y, Lee KJ, Chun P, Byun Y, Chung HY, Moon HR. Synthesis of novel azo-resveratrol, azo-oxyresveratrol and their derivatives as potent tyrosinase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:7451-5. [PMID: 23142612 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ten azo compounds including azo-resveratrol (5) and azo-oxyresveratrol (9) were synthesized using a modified Curtius rearrangement and diazotization followed by coupling reactions with various phenolic analogs. All synthesized compounds were evaluated for their mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Compounds 4 and 5 exhibited high tyrosinase inhibitory activity (56.25% and 72.75% at 50 μM, respectively). The results of mushroom tyrosinase inhibition assays indicate that the 4-hydroxyphenyl moiety is essential for high inhibition and that 3,5-dihydroxyphenyl and 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl derivatives are better for tyrosinase inhibition than 2,5-dimethoxyphenyl derivatives. Particularly, introduction of hydroxyl or methoxy group into the 4-hydroxyphenyl moiety diminished or significantly reduced mushroom tryosinase inhibition. Among the synthesized azo compounds, azo-resveratrol (5) showed the most potent mushroom tyrosinase inhibition with an IC(50) value of IC(50)=36.28 ± 0.72 μM, comparable to that of resveratrol, a well-known tyrosinase inhibitor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Min Song
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wrzosek A, Tomaskova Z, Ondrias K, Łukasiak A, Szewczyk A. The potassium channel opener CGS7184 activates Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 690:60-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2011] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
14
|
Valacchi G, Pecorelli A, Sticozzi C, Torricelli C, Muscettola M, Aldinucci C, Maioli E. Rottlerin exhibits antiangiogenic effects in vitro. Chem Biol Drug Des 2011; 77:460-70. [PMID: 21435184 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2011.01121.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Rottlerin, a natural product purified from Mallotus philippinensis, has a number of target molecules and biological effects. We recently found that Rottlerin caused growth arrest in MCF-7 breast cancer cells and human immortalized keratinocytes, through inhibition of NFκB and downregulation of cyclin D-1. To evaluate whether this effect could be generalized to primary cells, human microvascular endothelial cells were treated with Rottlerin. In this study, we demonstrated that Rottlerin prevents basal and TNFα-stimulated NFκB nuclear migration and DNA binding also in human microvascular endothelial cell, where NFκB inhibition was accompanied by the downregulation of NFκB target gene products, such as cyclin D-1 and endothelin-1, which are essential molecules for endothelial cell proliferation and survival. Rottlerin, indeed, inhibited human microvascular endothelial cells proliferation and tube formation on Matrigel. Rottlerin also increases cytoplasmic free calcium and nitric oxide levels and downregulates endothelin converting enzyme-1 expression, thus contributing to the drop in endothelin-1 and growth arrest. These results suggest that Rottlerin may prove useful in the development of therapeutic agents against angiogenesis.
Collapse
|
15
|
Bertini S, Calderone V, Carboni I, Maffei R, Martelli A, Martinelli A, Minutolo F, Rajabi M, Testai L, Tuccinardi T, Ghidoni R, Macchia M. Synthesis of heterocycle-based analogs of resveratrol and their antitumor and vasorelaxing properties. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:6715-24. [PMID: 20728369 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Revised: 07/23/2010] [Accepted: 07/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
New resveratrol (RES) analogs were developed by replacing the aromatic 'core' of our initial naphthalene-based RES analogs with pseudo-heterocyclic (salicylaldoxime) or heterocyclic (benzofuran, quinoline, and benzothiazole) scaffolds. The resulting analogs were tested for their antiproliferative and vasorelaxing effect, two typical properties shown by RES. Some of the new compounds confirmed strong antiproliferative activities, comparable to that previously found with the most active naphthalene-based analog. In particular, 3-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-7-hydroxyquinoline exhibited the most potent antiproliferative effect (IC50=17.4 microM). In vascular assays, the highest levels of potency (pIC50=4.92) and efficacy (Emax=88.2%) were obtained with 2-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-6-hydroxybenzothiazole. A conformational analysis of these compounds indicated that the antiproliferative activity on MDA-MB-231 cancer cells can be correlated to a common sterical profile of the most active compounds and, in particular, to the spatial arrangement of the three phenolic groups. Furthermore, the vasorelaxing properties showed a good correlation with the electronic properties measured through the electrostatic molecular potential (ESP).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Bertini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wrzosek A, Łukasiak A, Gwóźdź P, Malińska D, Kozlovski VI, Szewczyk A, Chlopicki S, Dołowy K. Large-conductance K+ channel opener CGS7184 as a regulator of endothelial cell function. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 602:105-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2008] [Revised: 09/19/2008] [Accepted: 10/29/2008] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
17
|
Gojkovic-Bukarica L, Novakovic A, Kanjuh V, Bumbasirevic M, Lesic A, Heinle H. A role of ion channels in the endothelium-independent relaxation of rat mesenteric artery induced by resveratrol. J Pharmacol Sci 2008; 108:124-30. [PMID: 18818483 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.08128fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently it has been suggested that resveratrol relaxes different isolated arteries. The present study addressed the question whether different ion channels are involved in the endothelium-independent mechanism of vasodilatation induced by resveratrol. For that purpose, we tested the action of resveratrol on the rat mesenteric artery without endothelium. Resveratrol induced concentration-dependent relaxation of rat mesenteric artery. Among the K(+)-channel blockers, 4-amynopiridine (4-AP) moderately antagonized the resveratrol-induced relaxation, while glibenclamide, tetraethylammonium chloride, charybdotoxin, margatoxin, and barium chloride did not inhibit resveratrol-induced vasorelaxation. In rings, precontracted with 100 mM K(+), the relaxant responses to resveratrol were highly significantly shifted to the right compared to those obtained in rings precontracted with phenylephrine, but resveratrol-induced maximal relaxation was only slightly affected. In order to minimize the influence of K(+) channels and voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels (VGCCs) in vascular smooth muscle, the third contraction was made by 100 mM K(+) in the presence of nifedipine. The relaxant response to resveratrol was abolished. Thus, the mechanism of vasorelaxation induced by resveratrol probably involves activation of 4-AP-sensitive K(+) channels. Its ability to completely relax the mesenteric artery precontracted with K(+)-rich solution suggests that K(+) channel-independent mechanism(s) are involved in its vasorelaxant effect. It seems that interaction with VGCCs plays a part in this K(+) channel-independent effect of resveratrol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ljiljana Gojkovic-Bukarica
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mink SN, Kasian K, Santos Martinez LE, Jacobs H, Bose R, Cheng ZQ, Light RB. Lysozyme, a mediator of sepsis that produces vasodilation by hydrogen peroxide signaling in an arterial preparation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2008; 294:H1724-35. [PMID: 18263714 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01072.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In septic shock, systemic vasodilation and myocardial depression contribute to the systemic hypotension observed. Both components can be attributed to the effects of mediators that are released as part of the inflammatory response. We previously found that lysozyme (Lzm-S), released from leukocytes, contributed to the myocardial depression that develops in a canine model of septic shock. Lzm-S binds to the endocardial endothelium, resulting in the production of nitric oxide (NO), which, in turn, activates the myocardial soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) pathway. In the present study, we determined whether Lzm-S might also play a role in the systemic vasodilation that occurs in septic shock. In a phenylephrine-contracted canine carotid artery ring preparation, we found that both canine and human Lzm-S, at concentrations similar to those found in sepsis, produced vasorelaxation. This decrease in force could not be prevented by inhibitors of NO synthase, prostaglandin synthesis, or potassium channel inhibitors and was not dependent on the presence of the vascular endothelium. However, inhibitors of the sGC pathway prevented the vasodilatory activity of Lzm-S. In addition, Aspergillus niger catalase, which breaks down H(2)O(2), as well as hydroxyl radical scavengers, which included hydroquinone and mannitol, prevented the effect of Lzm-S. Electrochemical sensors corroborated that Lzm-S caused H(2)O(2) release from the carotid artery preparation. In conclusion, these results support the notion that when Lzm-S interacts with the arterial vasculature, this interaction results in the formation of H(2)O(2), which, in turn, activates the sGC pathway to cause relaxation. Lzm-S may contribute to the vasodilation that occurs in septic shock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven N Mink
- Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3A 1R9.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Vascular large conductance calcium-activated potassium channels: functional role and therapeutic potential. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2007; 376:145-55. [PMID: 17932654 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-007-0193-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2007] [Accepted: 09/19/2007] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (BK Ca or maxiK channels) are expressed in different cell types. They play an essential role in the regulation of various cell functions. In particular, BK Ca channels have been extensively studied in vascular smooth muscle cells, where they contribute to the control of vascular tone. They facilitate the feedback regulation against the rise of intracellular Ca2+, membrane depolarization and vasoconstriction. BK Ca channels promote a K+ outward current and lead to membrane hyperpolarization. In endothelial cells expression and function of BK Ca channels play an important role in the regulation of the vascular smooth muscle activity. Endothelial BK Ca channels modulate the biosyntheses and release of various vasoactive modulators and regulate the membrane potential. Because of their regulatory role in vascular tone, endothelial BK Ca channels have been suggested as therapeutic targets for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Hypertension, atherosclerosis, and diabetes are associated with altered current amplitude, open probability, and Ca2+-sensing of BK Ca channels. The properties of BK Ca channels and their role in endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells would address them as potential therapeutic targets. Further studies are necessary to identify the detailed molecular mechanisms of action and to investigate selective BK Ca channels openers as possible therapeutic agents for clinical use.
Collapse
|