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Zhai Y, Yu T, Xin S, Ding Y, Cui Y, Nie H. Network pharmacology-based research into the mechanism of ferulic acid on acute lung injury through enhancing transepithelial sodium transport. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 330:118230. [PMID: 38643862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ferulic acid (FA) has shown potential therapeutic applications in treating lung diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms by which FA ameliorates acute lung injury (ALI) have not been distinctly elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY The project aims to observe the therapeutic effects of FA on lipopolysaccharide-induced ALI and to elucidate its specific mechanisms in regulating epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), which majors in alveolar fluid clearance during ALI. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, the possible pathways of FA were determined through network pharmacology analyses. The mechanisms of FA in ALI were verified by in vivo mouse model and in vitro studies, including primary alveolar epithelial type 2 cells and three-dimensional alveolar organoid models. RESULTS FA ameliorated ALI by improving lung pathological changes, reducing pulmonary edema, and upregulating the α/γ-ENaC expression in C57BL/J male mice. Simultaneously, FA was observed to augment ENaC levels in both three-dimensional alveolar organoid and alveolar epithelial type 2 cells models. Network pharmacology techniques and experimental data from inhibition or knockdown of IkappaB kinase β (IKKβ) proved that FA reduced the phosphorylation of IKKβ/nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) and eliminated the lipopolysaccharide-inhibited expression of ENaC, which could be regulated by nuclear protein NF-κB p65 directly. CONCLUSIONS FA could enhance the expression of ENaC at least in part by inhibiting the IKKβ/NF-κB signaling pathway, which may potentially pave the way for promising treatment of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiman Zhai
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tong Yu
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuning Xin
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yong Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Hongguang Nie
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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2
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Chakravarty S, Varghese M, Fan S, Taylor RT, Chakravarti R, Chattopadhyay S. IRF3 inhibits inflammatory signaling pathways in macrophages to prevent viral pathogenesis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn2858. [PMID: 39121222 PMCID: PMC11313863 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn2858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024]
Abstract
Viral inflammation contributes to pathogenesis and mortality during respiratory virus infections. IRF3, a critical component of innate antiviral immune responses, interacts with pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB, and inhibits its activity. This mechanism helps suppress inflammatory gene expression in virus-infected cells and mice. We evaluated the cells responsible for IRF3-mediated suppression of viral inflammation using newly engineered conditional Irf3Δ/Δ mice. Irf3Δ/Δ mice, upon respiratory virus infection, showed increased susceptibility and mortality. Irf3 deficiency caused enhanced inflammatory gene expression, lung inflammation, immunopathology, and damage, accompanied by increased infiltration of pro-inflammatory macrophages. Deletion of Irf3 in macrophages (Irf3MKO) displayed, similar to Irf3Δ/Δ mice, increased inflammatory responses, macrophage infiltration, lung damage, and lethality, indicating that IRF3 in these cells suppressed lung inflammation. RNA-seq analyses revealed enhanced NF-κB-dependent gene expression along with activation of inflammatory signaling pathways in infected Irf3MKO lungs. Targeted analyses revealed activated MAPK signaling in Irf3MKO lungs. Therefore, IRF3 inhibited inflammatory signaling pathways in macrophages to prevent viral inflammation and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Chakravarty
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Science, Toledo, OH, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Merina Varghese
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Science, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Shumin Fan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Science, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Roger Travis Taylor
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Science, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Ritu Chakravarti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Science, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Saurabh Chattopadhyay
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Science, Toledo, OH, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
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3
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Liu S, Wang H, Li J, Gao J, Yu L, Wei X, Cui M, Zhao Y, Liang Y, Wang H. Loss of Bcl-3 regulates macrophage polarization by promoting macrophage glycolysis. Immunol Cell Biol 2024; 102:605-617. [PMID: 38804132 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
M1/M2 macrophage polarization plays an important role in regulating the balance of the microenvironment within tissues. Moreover, macrophage polarization involves the reprogramming of metabolism, such as glucose and lipid metabolism. Transcriptional coactivator B-cell lymphoma-3 (Bcl-3) is an atypical member of the IκB family that controls inflammatory factor levels in macrophages by regulating nuclear factor kappa B pathway activation. However, the relationship between Bcl-3 and macrophage polarization and metabolism remains unclear. In this study, we show that the knockdown of Bcl-3 in macrophages can regulate glycolysis-related gene expression by promoting the activation of the nuclear factor kappa B pathway. Furthermore, the loss of Bcl-3 was able to promote the interferon gamma/lipopolysaccharide-induced M1 macrophage polarization by accelerating glycolysis. Taken together, these results suggest that Bcl-3 may be a candidate gene for regulating M1 polarization in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Hao Wang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jiaoyang Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jingtao Gao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Li Yu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiaofei Wei
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Mengchao Cui
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yuxin Zhao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yinming Liang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
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4
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Abdala-Díaz RT, Casas-Arrojo V, Castro-Varela P, Riquelme C, Carrillo P, Medina MÁ, Cárdenas C, Becerra J, Pérez Manríquez C. Immunomodulatory, Antioxidant, and Potential Anticancer Activity of the Polysaccharides of the Fungus Fomitiporia chilensis. Molecules 2024; 29:3628. [PMID: 39125036 PMCID: PMC11314378 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29153628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Fomitiporia species have aroused the interest of numerous investigations that reveal their biological activity and medicinal potential. The present investigation shows the antioxidant, anticancer, and immunomodulatory activity of acidic polysaccharides obtained from the fungus Fomitiporia chilensis. The acidic polysaccharides were obtained for acidic precipitation with 2% O-N-cetylpyridinium bromide. Chemical analysis was performed using FT-IR and GC-MS methods. The antioxidant capacity of acidic polysaccharides from F. chilensis was evaluated by scavenging free radicals with an ABTS assay. Macrophage proliferation and cytokine production assays were used to determine the immunomodulatory capacity of the polysaccharides. Anti-tumor and cytotoxicity activity was evaluated with an MTT assay in the U-937, HTC-116, and HGF-1 cell lines. The effect of polysaccharides on the cell cycle of the HCT-116 cell line was determined for flow cytometry. Fourier Transform-infrared characterization revealed characteristic absorption peaks for polysaccharides, whereas the GC-MS analysis detected three peaks corresponding to D-galactose, galacturonic acid, and D-glucose. The secreted TNF-α concentration was increased when the cell was treated with 2 mg mL-1 polysaccharides, whereas the IL-6 concentration was increased with all of the evaluated polysaccharide concentrations. A cell cycle analysis of HTC-116 treated with polysaccharides evidenced that the acidic polysaccharides from F. chilensis induce an increase in the G0/G1 cell cycle phase, increasing the apoptotic cell percentage. Results from a proteomic analysis suggest that some of the molecular mechanisms involved in their antioxidant and cellular detoxifying effects and justify their traditional use in heart diseases. Proteomic data are available through ProteomeXchange under identifier PXD048361. The study on acidic polysaccharides from F. chilensis has unveiled their diverse biological activities, including antioxidant, anticancer, and immunomodulatory effects. These findings underscore the promising therapeutic applications of acidic polysaccharides from F. chilensis, warranting further pharmaceutical and medicinal research exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto T. Abdala-Díaz
- Department of Ecology and Geology, Institute of Blue Biotechnology and Development (IBYDA), Malaga University, E-29071 Malaga, Spain; (R.T.A.-D.); (V.C.-A.)
| | - Virginia Casas-Arrojo
- Department of Ecology and Geology, Institute of Blue Biotechnology and Development (IBYDA), Malaga University, E-29071 Malaga, Spain; (R.T.A.-D.); (V.C.-A.)
| | - Pablo Castro-Varela
- FICOLAB Microalgal Research Group, Department of Botany, Faculty of Natural and Oceanographic Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción PC 304000, Chile;
| | - Cristian Riquelme
- Mycology Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Isla Teja, PO 567, Valdivia PC 5049000, Chile;
| | - Paloma Carrillo
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Andalucía Tech, E-29071 Málaga, Spain; (P.C.); (M.Á.M.); (C.C.)
- Malaga Biomedical Research Institute and Nanomedicine Platform (IBIMA PlataformaBIONAND), C/Severo Ochoa, 35, E-29590 Málaga, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Medina
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Andalucía Tech, E-29071 Málaga, Spain; (P.C.); (M.Á.M.); (C.C.)
- Malaga Biomedical Research Institute and Nanomedicine Platform (IBIMA PlataformaBIONAND), C/Severo Ochoa, 35, E-29590 Málaga, Spain
- Network Biomedical Research Center for Rare Diseases (CIBERER), U741, E-28029 Málaga, Spain
| | - Casimiro Cárdenas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Andalucía Tech, E-29071 Málaga, Spain; (P.C.); (M.Á.M.); (C.C.)
- Research Support Central Services (SCAI) of the University of Málaga, E-29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - José Becerra
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Botany, Faculty of Natural and Oceanographic Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción PC 304000, Chile;
- Technological Development Unit, University of Concepción, Concepción PC 304000, Chile
| | - Claudia Pérez Manríquez
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Botany, Faculty of Natural and Oceanographic Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción PC 304000, Chile;
- Technological Development Unit, University of Concepción, Concepción PC 304000, Chile
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Kesika P, Thangaleela S, Sisubalan N, Radha A, Sivamaruthi BS, Chaiyasut C. The Role of the Nuclear Factor-Kappa B (NF-κB) Pathway in SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Pathogens 2024; 13:164. [PMID: 38392902 PMCID: PMC10892479 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13020164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is a global health threat caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and is associated with a significant increase in morbidity and mortality. The present review discusses nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation and its potential therapeutical role in treating COVID-19. COVID-19 pathogenesis, the major NF-κB pathways, and the involvement of NF-κB in SARS-CoV-2 have been detailed. Specifically, NF-κB activation and its impact on managing COVID-19 has been discussed. As a central player in the immune and inflammatory responses, modulating NF-κB activation could offer a strategic avenue for managing SARS-CoV-2 infection. Understanding the NF-κB pathway's role could aid in developing treatments against SARS-CoV-2. Further investigations into the intricacies of NF-κB activation are required to reveal effective therapeutic strategies for managing and combating the SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Periyanaina Kesika
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.K.); (N.S.)
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Subramanian Thangaleela
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Natarajan Sisubalan
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.K.); (N.S.)
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Arumugam Radha
- Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Chaiyavat Chaiyasut
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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6
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Zhou Q, Zhang L, Dong Y, Wang Y, Zhang B, Zhou S, Huang Q, Wu T, Chen G. The role of SARS-CoV-2-mediated NF-κB activation in COVID-19 patients. Hypertens Res 2024; 47:375-384. [PMID: 37872376 PMCID: PMC10838770 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-023-01460-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, now in its third year, has had a profound impact on public health and economics all over the world. Different populations showed varied susceptibility to this virus and mortality after infection. Clinical and laboratory data revealed that the uncontrolled inflammatory response plays an important role in their poor outcome. Herein, we summarized the role of NF-κB activation during SARS-CoV-2 invasion and replication, particularly the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)-mediated NF-κB activation. Then we summarized the COVID-19 drugs' impact on NF-κB activation and their problems. A favorable prognosis is linked with timely treatment with NF-κB activation inhibitors, such as TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6 monoclonal antibodies. However, further clinical researches are still required to clarify the time window, dosage of administration, contraindication, and potential side effects of these drugs, particularly for COVID-19 patients with hypertension, hyperglycemia, diabetes, or other chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoqiao Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, 430205, PR China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Purification and Application of Plant Anticancer Active Ingredients, School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, 430205, PR China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, 430205, PR China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Purification and Application of Plant Anticancer Active Ingredients, School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, 430205, PR China
- Hubei Environmental Purification Material Science and Engineering Technology Research Center, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Yanming Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441053, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, 430205, PR China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Purification and Application of Plant Anticancer Active Ingredients, School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, 430205, PR China
| | - Shiyi Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, 430205, PR China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Purification and Application of Plant Anticancer Active Ingredients, School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, 430205, PR China
| | - Qing Huang
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, 430205, PR China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Purification and Application of Plant Anticancer Active Ingredients, School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, 430205, PR China
- Hubei Environmental Purification Material Science and Engineering Technology Research Center, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Tian Wu
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, 430205, PR China
- Hubei Environmental Purification Material Science and Engineering Technology Research Center, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Gongxuan Chen
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, 430205, PR China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Purification and Application of Plant Anticancer Active Ingredients, School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, 430205, PR China.
- Hubei Environmental Purification Material Science and Engineering Technology Research Center, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan, 430205, China.
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Aguilar-Caballero D, Capcha JMC, Caballero V, Young KC, Duara S, Borchetta M, Gonzalez I, Saad AG, Webster KA, Shehadeh LA, Bandstra ES, Schmidt AF. Case report: Fatal lung hyperinflammation in a preterm newborn with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1144230. [PMID: 37287630 PMCID: PMC10242137 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1144230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from mother to fetus is widely accepted. Whereas most infected neonates present with mild symptoms or are asymptomatic, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and abnormal lung images are significantly more frequent in COVID-19 positive neonates than in non-infected newborns. Fatality is rare and discordant meta-analyses of case reports and series relating perinatal maternal COVID-19 status to neonatal disease severity complicate their extrapolation as prognostic indicators. A larger database of detailed case reports from more extreme cases will be required to establish therapeutic guidelines and allow informed decision making. Here we report an unusual case of a 28 weeks' gestation infant with perinatally acquired SARS-CoV-2, who developed severe protracted respiratory failure. Despite intensive care from birth with first line anti-viral and anti-inflammatory therapy, respiratory failure persisted, and death ensued at 5 months. Lung histopathology showed severe diffuse bronchopneumonia, and heart and lung immunohistochemistry confirmed macrophage infiltration, platelet activation and neutrophil extracellular trap formation consistent with late multisystem inflammation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of SARS CoV-2 pulmonary hyperinflammation in a preterm newborn with fatal outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Aguilar-Caballero
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Holz Children's Hospital/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jose M. C. Capcha
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Veronica Caballero
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Holz Children's Hospital/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Karen C. Young
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Holz Children's Hospital/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Shahnaz Duara
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Holz Children's Hospital/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Michael Borchetta
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ivan Gonzalez
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ali G. Saad
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Keith A. Webster
- Integene International, LLC, Miami, FL, United States
- Baylor College of Medicine, Everglades Biopharma, Cullen Eye Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Lina A. Shehadeh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Emmalee S. Bandstra
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Holz Children's Hospital/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Augusto F. Schmidt
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Holz Children's Hospital/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL, USA
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8
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Zhao Z, Zhou C, Zhang M, Qian L, Xia W, Fan Y. Analysis of the potential relationship between COVID-19 and Behcet's disease using transcriptome data. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33821. [PMID: 37335738 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the potential role of COVID-19 in relation to Behcet's disease (BD) and to search for relevant biomarkers. We used a bioinformatics approach to download transcriptomic data from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of COVID-19 patients and PBMCs of BD patients, screened the common differential genes between COVID-19 and BD, performed gene ontology (GO) and pathway analysis, and constructed the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, screened the hub genes and performed co-expression analysis. In addition, we constructed the genes-transcription factors (TFs)-miRNAs network, the genes-diseases network and the genes-drugs network to gain insight into the interactions between the 2 diseases. We used the RNA-seq dataset from the GEO database (GSE152418, GSE198533). We used cross-analysis to obtain 461 up-regulated common differential genes and 509 down-regulated common differential genes, mapped the PPI network, and used Cytohubba to identify the 15 most strongly associated genes as hub genes (ACTB, BRCA1, RHOA, CCNB1, ASPM, CCNA2, TOP2A, PCNA, AURKA, KIF20A, MAD2L1, MCM4, BUB1, RFC4, and CENPE). We screened for statistically significant hub genes and found that ACTB was in low expression of both BD and COVID-19, and ASPM, CCNA2, CCNB1, and CENPE were in low expression of BD and high expression of COVID-19. GO analysis and pathway analysis was then performed to obtain common pathways and biological response processes, which suggested a common association between BD and COVID-19. The genes-TFs-miRNAs network, genes-diseases network and genes-drugs network also play important roles in the interaction between the 2 diseases. Interaction between COVID-19 and BD exists. ACTB, ASPM, CCNA2, CCNB1, and CENPE as potential biomarkers for 2 diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Department of General Dentistry, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chenyu Zhou
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengna Zhang
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Qian
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenhui Xia
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Fan
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, China
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9
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Jiang M, Jang SE, Zeng L. The Effects of Extrinsic and Intrinsic Factors on Neurogenesis. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091285. [PMID: 37174685 PMCID: PMC10177620 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the mammalian brain, neurogenesis is maintained throughout adulthood primarily in two typical niches, the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus and the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles and in other nonclassic neurogenic areas (e.g., the amygdala and striatum). During prenatal and early postnatal development, neural stem cells (NSCs) differentiate into neurons and migrate to appropriate areas such as the olfactory bulb where they integrate into existing neural networks; these phenomena constitute the multistep process of neurogenesis. Alterations in any of these processes impair neurogenesis and may even lead to brain dysfunction, including cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration. Here, we first summarize the main properties of mammalian neurogenic niches to describe the cellular and molecular mechanisms of neurogenesis. Accumulating evidence indicates that neurogenesis plays an integral role in neuronal plasticity in the brain and cognition in the postnatal period. Given that neurogenesis can be highly modulated by a number of extrinsic and intrinsic factors, we discuss the impact of extrinsic (e.g., alcohol) and intrinsic (e.g., hormones) modulators on neurogenesis. Additionally, we provide an overview of the contribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection to persistent neurological sequelae such as neurodegeneration, neurogenic defects and accelerated neuronal cell death. Together, our review provides a link between extrinsic/intrinsic factors and neurogenesis and explains the possible mechanisms of abnormal neurogenesis underlying neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Jiang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Tissue Engineering, Dongguan Campus, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Se Eun Jang
- Neural Stem Cell Research Lab, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| | - Li Zeng
- Neural Stem Cell Research Lab, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore
- Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, DUKE-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technology University, Novena Campus, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
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10
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Aliska G, Nafrialdi N, Lie KC, Setiabudy R, Putra AE, Widyahening IS, Harahap AR. The role of the glucocorticoid receptor and its impact on steroid response in moderate-severe COVID-19 patients. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 943:175555. [PMID: 36720399 PMCID: PMC9884609 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The effect of corticosteroid therapy in COVID-19 patients is mediated by its suppressive effect on the regulations of inflammatory response. However, its clinical outcome is often unpredictable. This study aimed to explore the role of glucocorticoid receptors in corticosteroid response in Moderate-Severe COVID-19 patients. In this cross-sectional study, we attempted to find the relationship between the expression of the glucocorticoid receptor (encoded by NR3C1), the variation of glucocorticoid receptors isoform, and the mutations of glucocorticoid receptors exon with clinical response to corticosteroids. In addition, the relationship between glucocorticoid receptors expression and the expression of IκBα (encoded by NFKBIA) and glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper protein (GILZ; encoded by TSC22D3) as steroid pathways was also evaluated. Thirty-four COVID-19 patients were studied. Blood was drawn before and on day 5 of corticosteroid treatment. Glucocorticoid receptors expression, isoform, and mutation were determined by RNA sequencing from white blood cells. Based on the improvement of clinical and oxygen status, patients were classified into responder and non-responder groups. Of thirty-four patients, 23 (67.6%) showed excellent responses to corticosteroids, and 11 (32.4%) were non-responders. The NR3C1 gene expression was significantly higher in the responsive group at baseline and after five days of glucocorticoid treatment. Isoform variant and mutation of glucocorticoid receptors did not correlate with clinical response. The expression of IκBα and GILZ correlated positively with glucocorticoid receptors expression. This study elucidates the relationship between glucocorticoid receptor expression with therapeutic responses to corticosteroids in moderate-severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gestina Aliska
- Doctoral Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital, Padang, Indonesia
| | - Nafrialdi Nafrialdi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Khie Chen Lie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rianto Setiabudy
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Andani Eka Putra
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia
| | - Indah Suci Widyahening
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Alida Roswita Harahap
- Doctoral Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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11
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Zhu S, Sun P, Bennett S, Charlesworth O, Tan R, Peng X, Gu Q, Kujan O, Xu J. The therapeutic effect and mechanism of parthenolide in skeletal disease, cancers, and cytokine storm. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1111218. [PMID: 37033622 PMCID: PMC10080395 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1111218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Parthenolide (PTL or PAR) was first isolated from Magnolia grandiflora and identified as a small molecule cancer inhibitor. PTL has the chemical structure of C15H20O3 with characteristics of sesquiterpene lactones and exhibits the biological property of inhibiting DNA biosynthesis of cancer cells. In this review, we summarise the recent research progress of medicinal PTL, including the therapeutic effects on skeletal diseases, cancers, and inflammation-induced cytokine storm. Mechanistic investigations reveal that PTL predominantly inhibits NF-κB activation and other signalling pathways, such as reactive oxygen species. As an inhibitor of NF-κB, PTL appears to inhibit several cytokines, including RANKL, TNF-α, IL-1β, together with LPS induced activation of NF-κB and NF-κB -mediated specific gene expression such as IL-1β, TNF-α, COX-2, iNOS, IL-8, MCP-1, RANTES, ICAM-1, VCAM-1. It is also proposed that PTL could inhibit cytokine storms or hypercytokinemia triggered by COVID-19 via blocking the activation of NF-κB signalling. Understanding the pharmacologic properties of PTL will assist us in developing its therapeutic application for medical conditions, including arthritis, osteolysis, periodontal disease, cancers, and COVID-19-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sipin Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Sipin Zhu, ; Jiake Xu,
| | - Ping Sun
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Samuel Bennett
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Oscar Charlesworth
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Renxiang Tan
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Functional Biomolecules, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xing Peng
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Gu
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Omar Kujan
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jiake Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Sipin Zhu, ; Jiake Xu,
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12
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Gao F, Zhang T, Zhang H, Dai Z, Gu Y, Lu M, Zhang Z, Zeng Q, Shang B, Gao S, Wang N, Xu B, Lei H. Explore bioactive ingredients and potential mechanism of Houpo Mahuang decoction for chronic bronchitis based on UHPLC-Q exactive orbitrap HRMS, network pharmacology, and experiment verification. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 303:115924. [PMID: 36414217 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Chronic bronchitis (CB) affects a growing number of people and may be linked to lung function impairment. The traditional Chinese medicine formula Houpo Mahuang Decoction (HPMHD) has been used for clinical treatment of respiratory diseases for thousands of years. Until now, its bioactive ingredients, potential targets and molecular mechanism remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the effect of HPMHD on the treatment of CB and explore the bioactive ingredients and possible mechanisms of HPMHD against CB. MATERIALS AND METHODS UHPLC-Q Exactive Orbitrap HRMS was performed to analyze the chemical components of HPMHD. The mechanism of multiple components, targets and pathways of HPMHD in the treatment of chronic bronchitis were explored by network pharmacology. Additionally, CB mice model induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and smoking was used to evaluate the anti-chronic bronchitis activity of HPMHD in vivo. Pulmonary pathology was determined by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) measurement. The levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in lung were measured by ELISA. The immunofluorescence experiments were carried out for the expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 and NF-κB p-P65/P65 in lung. Western blot assays were performed to quantify and visualize the protein expression of NF-κB p-P65/P65 in mice lung. RESULTS Data showed that 79 compounds were identified in HPMHD. The network pharmacology results showed 53 compounds were hinted their effectivity for the treatment of chronic bronchitis with HPMHD, such as ephedrine, schisantherin A, and honokiol. The main targets were predicted as 37 genes, including TNF, TP53, IL6 and so on. HPMHD ameliorated lung damages in mice and inhibited the NF-κB signaling pathway, one of the pathways plotted by KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, by reducing IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 expression and significantly downregulating the NF-κB p-P65/P65. CONCLUSION In summary, the complex chemical components of HPHMD was successfully elucidate by UHPLC-Q Exactive Orbitrap HRMS. The study based on network pharmacology and experiment verification indicated that HPMHD can decreased inflammatory response in lung to treat CB. The underlying mechanism may be related to the reduction of inflammation by down-regulated the NF-κB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102400, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102400, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102400, China
| | - Ziqi Dai
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102400, China
| | - Yuhao Gu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102400, China
| | - Mingjun Lu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102400, China
| | - Zijie Zhang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102400, China
| | - Qi Zeng
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102400, China
| | - Bingxian Shang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102400, China
| | - Shan Gao
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102400, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Aimin Pharmaceutical Group, Henan, 463500, China
| | - Bing Xu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102400, China.
| | - Haimin Lei
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102400, China.
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13
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Welcome MO, Dogo D, Nikos E Mastorakis. Cellular mechanisms and molecular pathways linking bitter taste receptor signalling to cardiac inflammation, oxidative stress, arrhythmia and contractile dysfunction in heart diseases. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:89-117. [PMID: 36471190 PMCID: PMC9734786 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01086-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Heart diseases and related complications constitute a leading cause of death and socioeconomic threat worldwide. Despite intense efforts and research on the pathogenetic mechanisms of these diseases, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are yet to be completely understood. Several lines of evidence indicate a critical role of inflammatory and oxidative stress responses in the development and progression of heart diseases. Nevertheless, the molecular machinery that drives cardiac inflammation and oxidative stress is not completely known. Recent data suggest an important role of cardiac bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs) in the pathogenetic mechanism of heart diseases. Independent groups of researchers have demonstrated a central role of TAS2Rs in mediating inflammatory, oxidative stress responses, autophagy, impulse generation/propagation and contractile activities in the heart, suggesting that dysfunctional TAS2R signalling may predispose to cardiac inflammatory and oxidative stress disorders, characterised by contractile dysfunction and arrhythmia. Moreover, cardiac TAS2Rs act as gateway surveillance units that monitor and detect toxigenic or pathogenic molecules, including microbial components, and initiate responses that ultimately culminate in protection of the host against the aggression. Unfortunately, however, the molecular mechanisms that link TAS2R sensing of the cardiac milieu to inflammatory and oxidative stress responses are not clearly known. Therefore, we sought to review the possible role of TAS2R signalling in the pathophysiology of cardiac inflammation, oxidative stress, arrhythmia and contractile dysfunction in heart diseases. Potential therapeutic significance of targeting TAS2R or its downstream signalling molecules in cardiac inflammation, oxidative stress, arrhythmia and contractile dysfunction is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menizibeya O Welcome
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Nile University of Nigeria, Plot 681 Cadastral Zone, C-00 Research and Institution Area, Jabi Airport Road Bypass, FCT, Abuja, Nigeria.
| | - Dilli Dogo
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Nile University of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Nikos E Mastorakis
- Technical University of Sofia, Klement Ohridksi 8, Sofia, 1000, Bulgaria
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14
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Thabet RH, Massadeh NA, Badarna OB, Al-Momani OM. Highlights on molecular targets in the management of COVID-19: Possible role of pharmacogenomics. J Int Med Res 2023; 51:3000605231153764. [PMID: 36717541 PMCID: PMC9893104 DOI: 10.1177/03000605231153764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
By the end of 2022, there had been a reduction in new cases and deaths caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). At the same time, new variants of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus were being discovered. Critically ill patients with COVID-19 have been found to have high serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines, especially interleukin (IL)-6. COVID-19-related mortality has been attributed in most cases to the cytokine storm caused by increased levels of inflammatory cytokines. Dexamethasone in low doses and immunomodulators such as IL-6 inhibitors are recommended to overcome the cytokine storm. This current narrative review highlights the place of other therapeutic choices such as proteasome inhibitors, protease inhibitors and nuclear factor kappa B inhibitors in the treatment of patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romany H. Thabet
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan,Romany H. Thabet, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Shafiq Irshidat Street, Irbid 21163, Jordan.
| | - Noor A. Massadeh
- Internship, Princess Basma Hospital, Ministry of Health, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Omar B. Badarna
- Internship, Princess Basma Hospital, Ministry of Health, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Omar M. Al-Momani
- Internship, Princess Basma Hospital, Ministry of Health, Irbid, Jordan
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15
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Gain C, Song S, Angtuaco T, Satta S, Kelesidis T. The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of infections with coronaviruses. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1111930. [PMID: 36713204 PMCID: PMC9880066 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1111930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses can cause serious respiratory tract infections and may also impact other end organs such as the central nervous system, the lung and the heart. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had a devastating impact on humanity. Understanding the mechanisms that contribute to the pathogenesis of coronavirus infections, will set the foundation for development of new treatments to attenuate the impact of infections with coronaviruses on host cells and tissues. During infection of host cells, coronaviruses trigger an imbalance between increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced antioxidant host responses that leads to increased redox stress. Subsequently, increased redox stress contributes to reduced antiviral host responses and increased virus-induced inflammation and apoptosis that ultimately drive cell and tissue damage and end organ disease. However, there is limited understanding how different coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2, manipulate cellular machinery that drives redox responses. This review aims to elucidate the redox mechanisms involved in the replication of coronaviruses and associated inflammation, apoptotic pathways, autoimmunity, vascular dysfunction and tissue damage that collectively contribute to multiorgan damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Theodoros Kelesidis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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16
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Cheemanapalli S, Palaniappan C, Mahesh Y, Iyyappan Y, Yarrappagaari S, Kanagaraj S. In vitro and in silico perspectives to explain anticancer activity of a novel syringic acid analog ((4-(1H-1, 3-benzodiazol-2-yl)-2, 6-dimethoxy phenol)) through apoptosis activation and NFkB inhibition in K562 leukemia cells. Comput Biol Med 2023; 152:106349. [PMID: 36470147 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.106349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Syringic acid (SA) is an active carcinogenesis inhibitor; however, the low bioavailability and unstable functional groups hinder its activity. Here, a chemically synthesized novel SA analog (SA10) is evaluated for its anticancer activity using in-vitro and in-silico studies. K562 cell line study revealed that SA10 had shown a higher rate of inhibition (IC50 = 50.40 μg/mL) than its parental compound, SA (IC50 = 96.92 μg/mL), at 50 μM concentration. The inhibition ratio was also been evaluated by checking the expression level of NFkB and Bcl-2 and showing that SA10 has two-fold increase in the inhibitory mechanism than SA. This result demonstrates that SA10 acts as an NFkB inhibitor and an apoptosis inducer. Further, molecular docking and simulation have been performed to get insights into the possible inhibitory mechanism of SA and SA10 on NFkB at the atomistic level. The molecular docking results exemplify that both SA and SA10 bind to the active site of NFkB, thereby interfering with the association between DNA and NFkB. SA10 exhibits a more robust binding affinity than SA and is firmly docked well into the interior of the NFkB, as confirmed by MM-PBSA calculations. In a nutshell, the Benzimidazole scaffold containing SA10 has shown more NFkB inhibitory activity in K562 cells than SA, which could be helpful as an ideal therapeutic NFkB inhibitor for treating cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasulu Cheemanapalli
- Department of Computational and Data Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India; Regional Ayurveda Research Institute (CCRAS, Govt. of India), Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh, India
| | - Chandrasekaran Palaniappan
- Department of Computational and Data Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India; Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Yeshwanth Mahesh
- Department of Computational and Data Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Yuvaraj Iyyappan
- National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, ICAR, New Delhi, India
| | - Suresh Yarrappagaari
- Division of Ethnopharmacology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Herbal Studies and Natural Sciences, Dravidian University, Kuppam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sekar Kanagaraj
- Department of Computational and Data Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
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17
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Gholami M, Adibipour F, Valipour SM, Ulloa L, Motaghinejad M. Potential Regulation of NF-κB by Curcumin in Coronavirus-Induced Cytokine Storm and Lung Injury. Int J Prev Med 2022; 13:156. [PMID: 36911003 PMCID: PMC9999103 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_565_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The current pandemic coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is still a global medical and economic emergency with over 244 million confirmed infections and over 4.95 million deaths by October 2021, in less than 2 years. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS), and COVID-19 are three recent coronavirus pandemics with major medical and economic implications. Currently, there is no effective treatment for these infections. One major pathological hallmark of these infections is the so-called 'cytokine storm,' which depicts an unregulated production of inflammatory cytokines inducing detrimental inflammation leading to organ injury and multiple organ failure including severe pulmonary, cardiovascular, and kidney failure in COVID-19. Several studies have suggested the potential of curcumin to inhibit the replication of some viruses similar to coronaviruses. Multiple experimental and clinical studies also reported the anti-inflammatory potential of curcumin in multiple infectious and inflammatory disorders. Thus, we hypothesized that curcumin may provide antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects for treating COVID-19. Although these studies suggest that curcumin could serve as an adjuvant treatment for COVID-19, its molecular mechanisms are still debated, especially its potential to modulate the toll-like receptors/TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β/nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (TLR/TRIF/NF-κB) pathway. The preliminary results showed that curcumin modulates the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway, a common pathway controlling cytokine production in multiple infectious and inflammatory disorders. Here, we hypothesize and discuss whether curcumin treatment may provide antiviral and anti-inflammatory clinical advantages for treating COVID-19 by modulating the TLR/TRIF/NF-κB pathway. We also review the current data on curcumin and discuss potential experimental and clinical studies that require defining its potential clinical implications in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Gholami
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Adibipour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sanaz M. Valipour
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Luis Ulloa
- Center for Perioperative Organ Protection, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Majid Motaghinejad
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Abstract
The global spread of the novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the continuously emerging new variants underscore an urgent need for effective therapeutics for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Here, we screened several FDA-approved amphiphilic drugs and determined that sertraline (SRT) exhibits potent antiviral activity against infection of SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus (PsV) and authentic virus in vitro. It effectively inhibits SARS-CoV-2 spike (S)-mediated cell-cell fusion. SRT targets the early stage of viral entry. It can bind to the S1 subunit of the S protein, especially the receptor binding domain (RBD), thus blocking S-hACE2 interaction and interfering with the proteolysis process of S protein. SRT is also effective against infection with SARS-CoV-2 PsV variants, including the newly emerging Omicron. The combination of SRT and other antivirals exhibits a strong synergistic effect against infection of SARS-CoV-2 PsV. The antiviral activity of SRT is independent of serotonin transporter expression. Moreover, SRT effectively inhibits infection of SARS-CoV-2 PsV and alleviates the inflammation process and lung pathological alterations in transduced mice in vivo. Therefore, SRT shows promise as a treatment option for COVID-19. IMPORTANCE The study shows SRT is an effective entry inhibitor against infection of SARS-CoV-2, which is currently prevalent globally. SRT targets the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 and is effective against a panel of SARS-CoV-2 variants. It also could be used in combination to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection. More importantly, with long history of clinical use and proven safety, SRT might be particularly suitable to treat infection of SARS-CoV-2 in the central nervous system and optimized for treatment in older people, pregnant women, and COVID-19 patients with heart complications, which are associated with severity and mortality of COVID-19.
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19
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Nazerian Y, Ghasemi M, Yassaghi Y, Nazerian A, Mahmoud Hashemi S. Role of SARS-CoV-2-induced Cytokine Storm in Multi-Organ Failure: Molecular Pathways and Potential Therapeutic Options. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109428. [PMCID: PMC9637536 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has become a global public health emergency and has led to devastating results. Mounting evidence proposes that the disease causes severe pulmonary involvement and influences different organs, leading to a critical situation named multi-organ failure. It is yet to be fully clarified how the disease becomes so deadly in some patients. However, it is proven that a condition called “cytokine storm” is involved in the deterioration of COVID-19. Although beneficial, sustained production of cytokines and overabundance of inflammatory mediators causing cytokine storm can lead to collateral vital organ damages. Furthermore, cytokine storm can cause post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS), an important cause of morbidity after the acute phase of COVID-19. Herein, we aim to explain the possible pathophysiology mechanisms involved in COVID-19-related cytokine storm and its association with multi-organ failure and PCS. We also discuss the latest advances in finding the potential therapeutic targets to control cytokine storm wishing to answer unmet clinical demands for treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Nazerian
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mobina Ghasemi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Younes Yassaghi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Mahmoud Hashemi
- Medical nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author at: Medical nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran / Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Taheri G, Habibi M. Comprehensive analysis of pathways in Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) using an unsupervised machine learning method. Appl Soft Comput 2022; 128:109510. [PMID: 35992221 PMCID: PMC9384336 DOI: 10.1016/j.asoc.2022.109510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) introduced “Coronavirus disease 19” or “COVID-19” as a novel coronavirus in March 2020. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) requires the fast discovery of effective treatments to fight this worldwide crisis. Artificial intelligence and bioinformatics analysis pipelines can assist with finding biomarkers, explanations, and cures. Artificial intelligence and machine learning methods provide powerful infrastructures for interpreting and understanding the available data. On the other hand, pathway enrichment analysis, as a dominant tool, could help researchers discover potential key targets present in biological pathways of host cells that are targeted by SARS-CoV-2. In this work, we propose a two-stage machine learning approach for pathway analysis. During the first stage, four informative gene sets that can represent important COVID-19 related pathways are selected. These “representative genes” are associated with the COVID-19 pathology. Then, two distinctive networks were constructed for COVID-19 related signaling and disease pathways. In the second stage, the pathways of each network are ranked with respect to some unsupervised scorning method based on our defined informative features. Finally, we present a comprehensive analysis of the top important pathways in both networks. Materials and implementations are available at: https://github.com/MahnazHabibi/Pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golnaz Taheri
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mahnaz Habibi
- Department of Mathematics, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran
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21
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Pal S, Haldar C, Verma R. Impact of photoperiod on uterine redox/inflammatory and metabolic status of golden hamster, Mesocricetus auratus. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 337:812-822. [PMID: 35789077 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Photoperiod modulates reproductive physiology at multiple levels in seasonally breeding animals. Golden hamsters are long-day breeders that diminish their fertility during the short days. Photoperiod is known to regulate hormonal milieu and uterus is a hormone-sensitive dynamic tissue. However, there is lack of molecular insight regarding the impact of photoperiod on uterine physiology with respect to redox and metabolic status in Mesocricetus auratus. We evaluated the impact of photoperiod on circulatory hormonal parameters (triiodothyronine [T3], thyroxin [T4], estradiol [E2], progesterone [P4], melatonin, and insulin), their receptor expressions and key markers associated with redox (SIRT-1/FOXO-1), inflammatory (NFĸB/COX-2) and metabolic (IR/GLUT4) status in uterus. Adult female golden hamsters were exposed to different photoperiodic regimes, that is, short photoperiod (SP; 8L:16D) and long photoperiod (LP; 16L:8D) for 12 weeks. SP drastically decreased peripheral hormone profiles (T3, T4, E2, and P4) and compromised uterine histoarchitecture when compared with LP-exposed hamsters. Further, SP markedly decreased thyroid hormone receptor-α (TRα), insulin receptor, and glucose uptake transporter-4 (GLUT-4) expressions in uterus. We noted enhanced uterine oxidative (increased MDA and decreased SOD/CAT levels), SIRT-1/FOXO-1 expression and inflammatory (NFĸB/COX-2) load in SP condition. Further, elevated levels of circulatory insulin, melatonin, and its receptor (MT-1) expression in uterus was noted under SP condition. Thus, we may suggest that photoperiod might regulate uterine seasonality through modulation of local hormonal and redox/metabolic homeostasis thereby may restrict offspring bearing capacity under short days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriparna Pal
- Reproduction and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Chandana Haldar
- Reproduction and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rakesh Verma
- Reproduction and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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22
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Borges Russo MK, Kowalewski LS, da Natividade GR, de Lemos Muller CH, Schroeder HT, Bock PM, Ayres LR, Cardoso BU, Zanotto C, Schein JT, Rech TH, Crispim D, Canani LH, Friedman R, Leitão CB, Gerchman F, Krause M. Elevated Extracellular HSP72 and Blunted Heat Shock Response in Severe COVID-19 Patients. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101374. [PMID: 36291584 PMCID: PMC9599720 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: We hypothesized that critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and insulin resistance would present a reduced Heat Shock Response (HSR), which is a pathway involved in proteostasis and anti-inflammation, subsequently leading to worse outcomes and higher inflammation. In this work we aimed: (i) to measure the concentration of extracellular HSP72 (eHSP72) in patients with severe COVID-19 and in comparison with noninfected patients; (ii) to compare the HSR between critically ill patients with COVID-19 (with and without diabetes); and (iii) to compare the HSR in these patients with noninfected individuals. Methods: Sixty critically ill adults with acute respiratory failure with SARS-CoV-2, with or without diabetes, were selected. Noninfected subjects were included for comparison (healthy, n = 19 and patients with diabetes, n = 22). Blood samples were collected to measure metabolism (glucose and HbA1c); oxidative stress (lypoperoxidation and carbonyls); cytokine profile (IL-10 and TNF); eHSP72; and the HSR (in vitro). Results: Patients with severe COVID-19 presented higher plasma eHSP72 compared with healthy individuals and noninfected patients with diabetes. Despite the high level of plasma cytokines, no differences were found between critically ill patients with COVID-19 with or without diabetes. Critically ill patients, when compared to noninfected, presented a blunted HSR. Oxidative stress markers followed the same pattern. No differences in the HSR (extracellular/intracellular level) were found between critically ill patients, with or without diabetes. Conclusions: We demonstrated that patients with severe COVID-19 have elevated plasma eHSP72 and that their HSR is blunted, regardless of the presence of diabetes. These results might explain the uncontrolled inflammation and also provide insights on the increased risk in developing type 2 diabetes after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Kras Borges Russo
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Metabolism and Exercise Research (LAPIMEX) and Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91509-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucas Stahlhöfer Kowalewski
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Metabolism and Exercise Research (LAPIMEX) and Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91509-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriella Richter da Natividade
- Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91509-900, RS, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91509-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique de Lemos Muller
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Metabolism and Exercise Research (LAPIMEX) and Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91509-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Helena Trevisan Schroeder
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Metabolism and Exercise Research (LAPIMEX) and Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91509-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Martins Bock
- Faculdades Integradas de Taquara, Taquara 95612-150, RS, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91509-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Layane Ramos Ayres
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Metabolism and Exercise Research (LAPIMEX) and Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91509-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Urbano Cardoso
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Metabolism and Exercise Research (LAPIMEX) and Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91509-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Caroline Zanotto
- Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91509-900, RS, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91509-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Julia Tsao Schein
- Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91509-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Helena Rech
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-903, RS, Brazil
| | - Daisy Crispim
- Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91509-900, RS, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91509-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Luis Henrique Canani
- Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91509-900, RS, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91509-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Rogério Friedman
- Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91509-900, RS, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91509-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Bauermann Leitão
- Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91509-900, RS, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91509-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernando Gerchman
- Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91509-900, RS, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91509-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Krause
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Metabolism and Exercise Research (LAPIMEX) and Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91509-900, RS, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-(51)-33082065
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23
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Jiang Y, Zhao T, Zhou X, Xiang Y, Gutierrez‐Castrellon P, Ma X. Inflammatory pathways in COVID-19: Mechanism and therapeutic interventions. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e154. [PMID: 35923762 PMCID: PMC9340488 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has become a global crisis. In the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 infection induces an excessive inflammatory response in patients, causing an inflammatory cytokine storm in severe cases. Cytokine storm leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary and other multiorgan failure, which is an important cause of COVID-19 progression and even death. Among them, activation of inflammatory pathways is a major factor in generating cytokine storms and causing dysregulated immune responses, which is closely related to the severity of viral infection. Therefore, elucidation of the inflammatory signaling pathway of SARS-CoV-2 is important in providing otential therapeutic targets and treatment strategies against COVID-19. Here, we discuss the major inflammatory pathways in the pathogenesis of COVID-19, including induction, function, and downstream signaling, as well as existing and potential interventions targeting these cytokines or related signaling pathways. We believe that a comprehensive understanding of the regulatory pathways of COVID-19 immune dysregulation and inflammation will help develop better clinical therapy strategies to effectively control inflammatory diseases, such as COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Jiang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug TargetState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyNational Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduPR China
| | - Tingmei Zhao
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug TargetState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyNational Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduPR China
| | - Xueyan Zhou
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug TargetState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyNational Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduPR China
| | - Yu Xiang
- Department of BiotherapyState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduPR China
| | - Pedro Gutierrez‐Castrellon
- Center for Translational Research on Health Science Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea GonzalezMinistry of HealthMexico CityMexico
| | - Xuelei Ma
- Department of BiotherapyState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduPR China
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24
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Liposome encapsulated clodronate mediated elimination of pathogenic macrophages and microglia: A promising pharmacological regime to defuse cytokine storm in COVID-19. MEDICINE IN DRUG DISCOVERY 2022; 15:100136. [PMID: 35721801 PMCID: PMC9190184 DOI: 10.1016/j.medidd.2022.100136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants continues to pose an enormous public health concern. The SARS-CoV-2 infection disrupted host immune response accounting for cytokine storm has been linked to multiorgan failure and mortality in a significant portion of positive cases. Abruptly activated macrophages have been identified as the key pathogenic determinant of cytokine storm in COVID-19. Besides, reactive microglia have been known to discharge a surplus amount of proinflammatory factors leading to neuropathogenic events in the brains of SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals. Considering the fact, depletion of activated macrophages and microglia could be proposed to eradicate the life-threatening cytokine storm in COVID-19. Clodronate, a non-nitrogenous bisphosphonate drug has been identified as a potent macrophage and microglial depleting agent. While recent advancement in the field of liposome encapsulation technology offers the most promising biological tool for drug delivery, liposome encapsulated clodronate has been reported to effectively target and induce prominent phagocytic cell death in activated macrophages and microglia compared to free clodronate molecules. Thus, in this review article, we emphasize that depletion of activated macrophages and microglial cells by administration of liposome encapsulated clodronate can be a potential therapeutic strategy to diminish the pathogenic cytokine storm and alleviate multiorgan failure in COVID-19. Moreover, recently developed COVID-19 vaccines appear to render the chronic activation of macrophages accounting for immunological dysregulation in some cases. Therefore, the use of liposome encapsulated clodronate can also be extended to the clinical management of unforeseen immunogenic reactions resulting from activated macrophages associated adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccines.
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25
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Zhou W, Chen Z, Fang Z, Xu D. Network analysis for elucidating the mechanisms of Shenfu injection in preventing and treating COVID-19 combined with heart failure. Comput Biol Med 2022; 148:105845. [PMID: 35849948 PMCID: PMC9279168 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to millions of infections and is exerting an unprecedented impact on society and economies worldwide. The evidence showed that heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome that could be encountered at different stages during the progression of COVID-19. Shenfu injection (SFI), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula has been widely used for heart failure therapy in China and was suggested to treat critical COVID-19 cases based on the guideline for diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 (the 7th version) issued by National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China. However, the active components, potential targets, related pathways, and underlying pharmacology mechanism of SFI against COVID-19 combined with HF remain vague. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effectiveness and possible pharmacological mechanism of SFI for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 combined with HF. METHODS In the current study, a network analysis approach integrating active compound screening (drug-likeness, lipophilicity, and aqueous solubility models), target fishing (Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology, fingerprint-based Similarity Ensemble Approach, and PharmMapper databases), compound-target-disease network construction (Cytoscape software), protein-protein interaction network construction (STRING and Cytoscape software), biological process analysis (STRING and Cytoscape plug-in Clue GO) and pathway analysis (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis) was developed to decipher the active ingredients, potential targets, relevant pathways, and the therapeutic mechanisms of SFI for preventing and treating COVID-19 combined with HF. RESULTS Finally, 20 active compounds (DL ≥ 0.18, 1≤Alog P ≤ 5, and -5≤LogS ≤ -1) and 164 relevant targets of SFI were identified related to the development of COVID-19 combined with HF, which were mainly involved in three biological processes including metabolic, hemostasis, and cytokine signaling in immune system. The C-T-D network and reactome pathway analysis indicated that SFI probably regulated the pathological processes of heart failure, respiratory failure, lung injury, and inflammatory response in patients with COVID-19 combined with HF through acting on several targets and pathways. Moreover, the venn diagram was used to identify 54 overlapped targets of SFI, COVID-19, and HF. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that 54 overlapped targets were highly enriched to several COVID-19 and HF related pathways, such as IL-17 signaling pathway, Th17 cell differentiation, and NF-kappa B signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS A comprehensive network analysis approach framework was developed to systematically elucidate the potential pharmacological mechanism of SFI for the prevention and treatment of SFI against COVID-19 combined with HF. The current study may not only provide in-depth understanding of the pharmacological mechanisms of SFI, but also a scientific basis for the application of SFI against COVID-19 combined with HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518020, China; Department of Respirology & Allergy. Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University. Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518020, China.
| | - Ziyi Chen
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhangfu Fang
- Department of Respirology & Allergy. Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University. Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Damo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518020, China; Department of Respirology & Allergy. Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University. Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518020, China
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26
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Khoshmirsafa M, Assarehzadegan MA, Fallahpour M, Azimi M, Faraji F, Riahi T, Minaeian S, Fassahat D, Divsalar F, Abbasi MA. Expression Pattern of Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines and Key Differential Transcription Factors in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Iranian Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients with Different Disease Severity. Viral Immunol 2022; 35:474-482. [PMID: 35997599 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2021.0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to investigate the gene expression levels of inflammatory cytokines interferon (IFN)γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, interleukin (IL)1β, IL2, IL6, IL8, and IL17, and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL4, IL10, IFNα, and IFNβ, as well as relevant key transcription factors (TFs), including GATA3, PU1, NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells), IRF3 (interferon regulatory factor 3), BCL6 (B cell lymphoma 6 protein), FOXP3 (forkhead box P3), RORγt, and T-bet (T-box expressed in T cell) in Iranian patients with moderate and severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Fifty-six patients with COVID-19, and 25 healthy controls (HCs) age and sex matched were investigated. Based on the interim guidance of COVID-19 from the World Health Organization, the patients were classified into 33 moderate and 23 severe patients with COVID-19. The gene expression levels of cytokines and relevant TFs were quantified in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The gene expression levels of TFs RoRγ (RAR-related orphan nuclear receptor γ), NF-κB, and T-bet were significantly higher in patients with COVID-19 compared with HCs. Furthermore, the gene expression levels of cytokines, including IL2, IFNγ, IL6, TNFα, IL1β, IL8, and IL17, were significantly higher in patients with COVID-19 than HCs. However, there was a significant increase for IL6, TNFα, and IL17 in severe compared with moderate patients with COVID-19. Finally, The Spearman correlation analysis revealed a significantly positive correlation for IL6 and TNFα, IL6 and IL2, IL6, IFNγ, and IL2 and IFNγ. These data suggest that expression of IL6, TNFα, and IL17 as well as the synergic effect of elevated values of IL2 and IFNγ should be considered in the treatment and management of patients with severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Khoshmirsafa
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases; Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine; Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Ali Assarehzadegan
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases; Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine; Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Fallahpour
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Rasool e Akram Hospital; Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Azimi
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases; Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Faraji
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases; Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taghi Riahi
- Rasoul-e-Akram Hospital; Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Minaeian
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases; Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Fassahat
- Firoozabadi Clinical Research Development (FCRDU); Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Divsalar
- Firoozabadi Clinical Research Development (FCRDU); Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Abbasi
- Firoozabadi Clinical Research Development (FCRDU); Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Temena MA, Acar A. Increased TRIM31 gene expression is positively correlated with SARS-CoV-2 associated genes TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS4 in gastrointestinal cancers. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11763. [PMID: 35970857 PMCID: PMC9378649 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15911-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides typical respiratory symptoms, COVID-19 patients also have gastrointestinal symptoms. Studies focusing on the gastrointestinal tumors derived from gastrointestinal tissues have raised a question whether these tumors might express higher levels of SARS-CoV-2 associated genes and therefore patients diagnosed with GI cancers may be more susceptible to the infection. In this study, we have analyzed the expression of SARS-CoV-2 associated genes and their co-expressions in gastrointestinal solid tumors, cancer cell lines and patient-derived organoids relative to their normal counterparts. Moreover, we have found increased co-expression of TMPRSS2-TMPRSS4 in gastrointestinal cancers suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 viral infection known to be mediated by this protease pair might facilitate the effects of viral infection in GI cancer patients. Further, our findings also demonstrate that TRIM31 expression is upregulated in gastrointestinal tumors, while the inhibition of TRIM31 significantly altered viral replication and viral processes associated with cellular pathways in gastrointestinal cancer samples. Taken together, these findings indicate that in addition to the co-expression of TMPRSS2-TMPRSS4 protease pair in GI cancers, TRIM31 expression is positively correlated with this pair and TRIM31 may play a role in providing an increased susceptibility in GI cancer patients to be infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Arda Temena
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Universiteler Mah. Dumlupınar Bulvarı 1, 06800, Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Acar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Universiteler Mah. Dumlupınar Bulvarı 1, 06800, Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey.
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28
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Chen M, Ma Y, Chang W. SARS-CoV-2 and the Nucleus. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:4731-4743. [PMID: 35874947 PMCID: PMC9305274 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.72482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is caused by an RNA virus, SARS-CoV-2. The genome of SARS-CoV-2 lacks a nuclear phase in its life cycle and is replicated in the cytoplasm. However, interfering with nuclear trafficking using pharmacological inhibitors greatly reduces virus infection and virus replication of other coronaviruses is blocked in enucleated cells, suggesting a critical role of the nucleus in virus infection. Here, we summarize the alternations of nuclear pathways caused by SARS-CoV-2, including nuclear translocation pathways, innate immune responses, mRNA metabolism, epigenetic mechanisms, DNA damage response, cytoskeleton regulation, and nuclear rupture. We consider how these alternations contribute to virus replication and discuss therapeutic treatments that target these pathways, focusing on small molecule drugs that are being used in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Wakam Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
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29
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Li X, Zhang Z, Wang Z, Gutiérrez-Castrellón P, Shi H. Cell deaths: Involvement in the pathogenesis and intervention therapy of COVID-19. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:186. [PMID: 35697684 PMCID: PMC9189267 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01043-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has dramatically influenced various aspects of the world. It is urgent to thoroughly study pathology and underlying mechanisms for developing effective strategies to prevent and treat this threatening disease. It is universally acknowledged that cell death and cell autophagy are essential and crucial to maintaining host homeostasis and participating in disease pathogenesis. At present, more than twenty different types of cell death have been discovered, some parts of which have been fully understood, whereas some of which need more investigation. Increasing studies have indicated that cell death and cell autophagy caused by coronavirus might play an important role in virus infection and pathogenicity. However, the knowledge of the interactions and related mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 between cell death and cell autophagy lacks systematic elucidation. Therefore, in this review, we comprehensively delineate how SARS-CoV-2 manipulates diverse cell death (including apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and NETosis) and cell autophagy for itself benefits, which is simultaneously involved in the occurrence and progression of COVID-19, aiming to provide a reasonable basis for the existing interventions and further development of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqi Zhang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Ke Yuan 4th Road, Gao Peng Street, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Pedro Gutiérrez-Castrellón
- Center for Translational Research on Health Science, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez. Ministry of Health, Calz. Tlalpan 4800, Col. Secc. XVI, 14080, Mexico city, Mexico.
| | - Huashan Shi
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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Rasmi Y, Heidari N, Kübra Kırboğa K, Hatamkhani S, Tekin B, Alipour S, Naderi R, Farnamian Y, Akca I. The importance of neopterin in COVID-19: The prognostic value and relation with the disease severity. Clin Biochem 2022; 104:1-12. [PMID: 35307400 PMCID: PMC8929545 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 [COVID-19], caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2], has rapidly evolved into a global health emergency. Neopterin [NPT], produced by macrophages when stimulated with interferon [IFN-]gamma, is an essential cytokine in the antiviral immune response. NPT has been used as a marker for the early assessment of disease severity in different diseases. The leading cause of NPT production is the pro-inflammatory cytokine IFN-. Macrophage activation has also been revealed to be linked with disease severity in SARS-CoV-2 patients. We demonstrate the importance of NPT in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and suggest that targeting NPT in SARS-CoV-2 infection may be critical in the early prediction of disease progression and provision of timely management of infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Rasmi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Nadia Heidari
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Gorgan University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | | | - Shima Hatamkhani
- Experimental and Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Burcu Tekin
- Izmir Institute of Technology, Biotechnology Department, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Shahryar Alipour
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Cell, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Roya Naderi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Yeghaneh Farnamian
- Student Research Center, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ilknur Akca
- Mersin University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Mersin, Turkey
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Buonsenso D, Piazza M, Boner AL, Bellanti JA. Long COVID: A proposed hypothesis-driven model of viral persistence for the pathophysiology of the syndrome. Allergy Asthma Proc 2022; 43:187-193. [PMID: 35524358 DOI: 10.2500/aap.2022.43.220018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: Long COVID (coronavirus disease 2019) syndrome includes a group of patients who, after infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), exhibit lingering mild-to-moderate symptoms and develop medical complications that can have lasting health problems. In this report, we propose a model for the pathophysiology of the long COVID presentation based on increased proinflammatory cytokine production that results from the persistence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus or one of its molecular components. Associated with this hyperproduction of inflammatory cytokines is a heightened activity of nuclear factor κ B (NF-κB) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways that regulate cytokine production. Objective: The purpose of the present report was to review the causes of long COVID syndrome and suggest ways that can provide a basis for a better understanding of the clinical symptomatology for the of improved diagnostic and therapeutic procedures for the condition. Methods: Extensive research was conducted in medical literature data bases by applying terms such as "long COVID" associated with "persistence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus" "spike protein' "COVID-19" and "biologic therapies." Results and Conclusions: In this model of the long COVID syndrome, the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 is hypothesized to trigger a dysregulated immune system with subsequent heightened release of proinflammatory cytokines that lead to chronic low-grade inflammation and multiorgan symptomatology. The condition seems to have a genetic basis, which predisposes individuals to have a diminished immunologic capacity to completely clear the virus, with residual parts of the virus persisting. This persistence of virus and resultant hyperproduction of proinflammatory cytokines are proposed to form the basis of the syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Buonsenso
- From the Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Piazza
- Pediatric Section, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics, and Gynaecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Attilio L. Boner
- Pediatric Section, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics, and Gynaecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Joseph A. Bellanti
- Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington D.C
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Nolasco AN. Production of SARS-CoV-2 Specific IFN-γ/IL-10 Co-producing CD4 T Cells from Convalescent Donors to Treat COVID-19: A Hypothesis. EXPLORATORY RESEARCH AND HYPOTHESIS IN MEDICINE 2022; 7:53-59. [DOI: 10.14218/erhm.2021.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Barilli A, Visigalli R, Ferrari F, Bianchi MG, Dall’Asta V, Rotoli BM. Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Responses of Alveolar Epithelial Cells: Implications for COVID-19 Lung Pathology. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030618. [PMID: 35327420 PMCID: PMC8945544 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Clinical and experimental evidence point to a dysregulated immune response caused by SARS-CoV-2 as the primary mechanism of lung disease in COVID-19. However, the pathogenic mechanisms underlying COVID-19-associated ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome) remain incompletely understood. This study aims to explore the inflammatory responses of alveolar epithelial cells to either the spike S1 protein or to a mixture of cytokines secreted by S1-activated macrophages. Methods and Results. The exposure of alveolar A549 cells to supernatants from spike-activated macrophages caused a further release of inflammatory mediators, with IL-8 reaching massive concentrations. The investigation of the molecular pathways indicated that NF-kB is involved in the transcription of IP-10 and RANTES, while STATs drive the expression of all the cytokines/chemokines tested, with the exception of IL-8 which is regulated by AP-1. Cytokines/chemokines produced by spike-activated macrophages are also likely responsible for the observed dysfunction of barrier integrity in Human Alveolar Epithelial Lentivirus-immortalized cells (hAELVi), as demonstrated by an increased permeability of the monolayers to mannitol, a marked decrease of TEER and a disorganization of claudin-7 distribution. Conclusion. Upon exposure to supernatants from S1-activated macrophages, A549 cells act both as targets and sources of cytokines/chemokines, suggesting that alveolar epithelium along with activated macrophages may orchestrate lung inflammation and contribute to alveolar injury, a hallmark of ARDS.
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Sazgarnejad S, Yazdanpanah N, Rezaei N. Anti-inflammatory effects of GLP-1 in patients with COVID-19. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2022; 20:373-381. [PMID: 34348067 PMCID: PMC8425436 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2021.1964955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Understanding the pathogenesis and risk factors to control the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is necessary. Due to the importance of the inflammatory pathways in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 patients, evaluating the effects of anti-inflammatory medications is important. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) is awell-known glucose-lowering agent with anti-inflammatory effects. AREAS COVERED Resources were extracted from the PubMed database, using keywords such as glucagon-like peptide-1, GLP-1 RA, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, inflammation, in April2021. In this review, the effects of GLP-1RA in reducing inflammation and modifying risk factors of COVID-19 severe complications are discussed. However, GLP-1 is degraded by DPP-4 with aplasma half-life of about 2-5 minutes, which makes it difficult to measure GLP-1 plasma level in clinical settings. EXPERT OPINION Since no definitive treatment is available for COVID-19 so far, determining promising targets to design and/or repurpose effective medications is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saharnaz Sazgarnejad
- School Of Medicine, Tehran University Of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Students’ Scientific Research Center, Tehran University Of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (Niima), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (Usern), Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloufar Yazdanpanah
- School Of Medicine, Tehran University Of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (Niima), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (Usern), Tehran, Iran
- Research Center For Immunodeficiencies, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University Of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (Niima), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (Usern), Tehran, Iran
- Research Center For Immunodeficiencies, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University Of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department Of Immunology, School Of Medicine, Tehran University Of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Roberti A, Chaffey LE, Greaves DR. NF-κB Signaling and Inflammation-Drug Repurposing to Treat Inflammatory Disorders? BIOLOGY 2022; 11:372. [PMID: 35336746 PMCID: PMC8945680 DOI: 10.3390/biology11030372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
NF-κB is a central mediator of inflammation, response to DNA damage and oxidative stress. As a result of its central role in so many important cellular processes, NF-κB dysregulation has been implicated in the pathology of important human diseases. NF-κB activation causes inappropriate inflammatory responses in diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and multiple sclerosis (MS). Thus, modulation of NF-κB signaling is being widely investigated as an approach to treat chronic inflammatory diseases, autoimmunity and cancer. The emergence of COVID-19 in late 2019, the subsequent pandemic and the huge clinical burden of patients with life-threatening SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia led to a massive scramble to repurpose existing medicines to treat lung inflammation in a wide range of healthcare systems. These efforts continue and have proven to be controversial. Drug repurposing strategies are a promising alternative to de novo drug development, as they minimize drug development timelines and reduce the risk of failure due to unexpected side effects. Different experimental approaches have been applied to identify existing medicines which inhibit NF-κB that could be repurposed as anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David R. Greaves
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK; (A.R.); (L.E.C.)
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Radhakrishnan RK, Kandasamy M. SARS-CoV-2-Mediated Neuropathogenesis, Deterioration of Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Dementia. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2022; 37:15333175221078418. [PMID: 35133907 PMCID: PMC10581113 DOI: 10.1177/15333175221078418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A significant portion of COVID-19 patients and survivors display marked clinical signs of neurocognitive impairments. SARS-CoV-2-mediated peripheral cytokine storm and its neurotropism appear to elicit the activation of glial cells in the brain proceeding to neuroinflammation. While adult neurogenesis has been identified as a key cellular basis of cognitive functions, neuroinflammation-induced aberrant neuroregenerative plasticity in the hippocampus has been implicated in progressive memory loss in ageing and brain disorders. Notably, recent histological studies of post-mortem human and experimental animal brains indicate that SARS-CoV-2 infection impairs neurogenic process in the hippocampus of the brain due to neuroinflammation. Considering the facts, this article describes the prominent neuropathogenic characteristics and neurocognitive impairments in COVID-19 and emphasizes a viewpoint that neuroinflammation-mediated deterioration of hippocampal neurogenesis could contribute to the onset and progression of dementia in COVID-19. Thus, it necessitates the unmet need for regenerative medicine for the effective management of neurocognitive deficits in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risna K. Radhakrishnan
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Mahesh Kandasamy
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
- Faculty Recharge Programme, University Grants Commission (UGC-FRP), New Delhi, India
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Nowak K, Jabłońska E, Garley M, Radziwon P, Ratajczak-Wrona W. Methylparaben-induced regulation of estrogenic signaling in human neutrophils. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 538:111470. [PMID: 34606965 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Parabens, including the most common methylparaben (MeP), are popular preservatives, which possess estrogenic activity. The aims of this study were to assess the impact of MeP on estrogen receptors (ERs) and/or NF-κB-dependent generation of IL-8 and production of nitric oxide (NO), and also to verify the hypothesis about the crosstalk of ERs with NF-κB in xenoestrogen-exposed neutrophils. Human neutrophils were incubated for 20-h with MeP (0.06 μM) and/or ER antagonist (1 μM) and/or NF-κB inhibitor (100 μM). After the isolation of cell lysates and cytoplasmic and nuclear fraction, the expression of ERα, ERβ, p-IKKα/β, p65 NF-κB, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was measured by Western blot analysis, The concentration of NO was evaluated by Griess reaction, and that of IL-8 was measured by ELISA. The results showed that MeP modulated the expression of ERα, but not ERβ. Exposure to paraben activated iKKα/β-dependent NF-κB pathway, but translocation of p65 NF-κB into the cell nucleus was inhibited by ERs. MeP also decreased the iNOS-dependent production of NO, but did not influence the secretion of IL-8 by neutrophils. The study indicates that MeP may affect the functioning of human neutrophils by modulating intracellular signal transduction pathways, including ERs and NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Nowak
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Ewa Jabłońska
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marzena Garley
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Radziwon
- Regional Centre for Transfusion Medicine, Bialystok, Poland
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Attiq A, Yao LJ, Afzal S, Khan MA. The triumvirate of NF-κB, inflammation and cytokine storm in COVID-19. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108255. [PMID: 34688149 PMCID: PMC8516728 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has once again reminded us of the significance of host immune response and consequential havocs of the immune dysregulation. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) inflicts severe complications to the infected host, including cough, dyspnoea, fever, septic shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDs), and multiple organ failure. These manifestations are the consequence of the dysregulated immune system, which gives rise to excessive and unattended production of pro-inflammatory mediators. Elevated circulatory cytokine and chemokine levels are accompanied by spontaneous haemorrhage, thrombocytopenia and systemic inflammation, which are the cardinal features of life-threatening cytokine storm syndrome in advanced COVID-19 diseases. Coronavirus hijacked NF-kappa B (NF-κB) is responsible for upregulating the expressions of inflammatory cytokine, chemokine, alarmins and inducible enzymes, which paves the pathway for cytokine storm. Given the scenario, the systemic approach of simultaneous inhibition of NF-κB offers an attractive therapeutic intervention. Targeted therapies with proteasome inhibitor (VL-01, bortezomib, carfilzomib and ixazomib), bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor (acalabrutinib), nucleotide analogue (remdesivir), TNF-α monoclonal antibodies (infliximab and adalimumab), N-acetylcysteine and corticosteroids (dexamethasone), focusing the NF-κB inhibition have demonstrated effectiveness in terms of the significant decrease in morbidity and mortality in severe COVID-19 patients. Hence, this review highlights the activation, signal transduction and cross-talk of NF-κB with regard to cytokine storm in COVID-19. Moreover, the development of therapeutic strategies based on NF-κB inhibition are also discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Attiq
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, MAHSA University, Bandar Saujana Putra, 42610 Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Lui Jin Yao
- Kuala Balah Health Clinic (Klinik Kesihatan Kuala Balah), Kuala Balah, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Sheryar Afzal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, MAHSA University, Bandar Saujana Putra, 42610 Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mansoor Ali Khan
- COVID-19 Vaccination Centres, University College London Hospitals, National Health Service, N10QH London, England
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Zhang T, Ma C, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Hu H. NF-κB signaling in inflammation and cancer. MedComm (Beijing) 2021; 2:618-653. [PMID: 34977871 PMCID: PMC8706767 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since nuclear factor of κ-light chain of enhancer-activated B cells (NF-κB) was discovered in 1986, extraordinary efforts have been made to understand the function and regulating mechanism of NF-κB for 35 years, which lead to significant progress. Meanwhile, the molecular mechanisms regulating NF-κB activation have also been illuminated, the cascades of signaling events leading to NF-κB activity and key components of the NF-κB pathway are also identified. It has been suggested NF-κB plays an important role in human diseases, especially inflammation-related diseases. These studies make the NF-κB an attractive target for disease treatment. This review aims to summarize the knowledge of the family members of NF-κB, as well as the basic mechanisms of NF-κB signaling pathway activation. We will also review the effects of dysregulated NF-κB on inflammation, tumorigenesis, and tumor microenvironment. The progression of the translational study and drug development targeting NF-κB for inflammatory diseases and cancer treatment and the potential obstacles will be discussed. Further investigations on the precise functions of NF-κB in the physiological and pathological settings and underlying mechanisms are in the urgent need to develop drugs targeting NF-κB for inflammatory diseases and cancer treatment, with minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Cancer Center and Center for Immunology and HematologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Chao Ma
- Cancer Center and Center for Immunology and HematologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science CenterHouston Methodist HospitalHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Huiyuan Zhang
- Cancer Center and Center for Immunology and HematologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Hongbo Hu
- Cancer Center and Center for Immunology and HematologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
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40
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Olajide OA, Iwuanyanwu VU, Adegbola OD, Al-Hindawi AA. SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 Induces Neuroinflammation in BV-2 Microglia. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 59:445-458. [PMID: 34709564 PMCID: PMC8551352 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02593-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In addition to respiratory complications produced by SARS‐CoV‐2, accumulating evidence suggests that some neurological symptoms are associated with the disease caused by this coronavirus. In this study, we investigated the effects of the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein S1 stimulation on neuroinflammation in BV-2 microglia. Analyses of culture supernatants revealed an increase in the production of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and iNOS/NO. S1 also increased protein levels of phospho-p65 and phospho-IκBα, as well as enhanced DNA binding and transcriptional activity of NF-κB. These effects of the protein were blocked in the presence of BAY11-7082 (1 µM). Exposure of S1 to BV-2 microglia also increased the protein levels of NLRP3 inflammasome and enhanced caspase-1 activity. Increased protein levels of p38 MAPK was observed in BV-2 microglia stimulated with the spike protein S1 (100 ng/ml), an action that was reduced in the presence of SKF 86,002 (1 µM). Results of immunofluorescence microscopy showed an increase in TLR4 protein expression in S1-stimulated BV-2 microglia. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition with TAK 242 (1 µM) and transfection with TLR4 small interfering RNA resulted in significant reduction in TNF-α and IL-6 production in S1-stimulated BV-2 microglia. These results have provided the first evidence demonstrating S1-induced neuroinflammation in BV-2 microglia. We propose that induction of neuroinflammation by this protein in the microglia is mediated through activation of NF-κB and p38 MAPK, possibly as a result of TLR4 activation. These results contribute to our understanding of some of the mechanisms involved in CNS pathologies of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olumayokun A Olajide
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK.
| | - Victoria U Iwuanyanwu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Oyinkansola D Adegbola
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Alaa A Al-Hindawi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
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Liskova A, Koklesova L, Samec M, Abdellatif B, Zhai K, Siddiqui M, Šudomová M, Hassan ST, Kudela E, Biringer K, Giordano FA, Büsselberg D, Golubnitschaja O, Kubatka P. Targeting phytoprotection in the COVID-19-induced lung damage and associated systemic effects-the evidence-based 3PM proposition to mitigate individual risks. EPMA J 2021; 12:325-347. [PMID: 34367380 PMCID: PMC8329620 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-021-00249-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The risks related to the COVID-19 are multi-faceted including but by far not restricted to the following: direct health risks by poorly understood effects of COVID-19 infection, overloaded capacities of healthcare units, restricted and slowed down care of patients with non-communicable disorders such as cancer, neurologic and cardiovascular pathologies, among others; social risks-restricted and broken social contacts, isolation, professional disruption, explosion of aggression in the society, violence in the familial environment; mental risks-loneliness, helplessness, defenceless, depressions; and economic risks-slowed down industrial productivity, broken delivery chains, unemployment, bankrupted SMEs, inflation, decreased capacity of the state to perform socially important programs and to support socio-economically weak subgroups in the population. Directly or indirectly, the above listed risks will get reflected in a healthcare occupation and workload which is a tremendous long-term challenge for the healthcare capacity and robustness. The article does not pretend to provide solutions for all kind of health risks. However, it aims to present the scientific evidence of great clinical utility for primary, secondary, and tertiary care to protect affected individuals in a cost-effective manner. To this end, due to pronounced antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral properties, naturally occurring plant substances are capable to protect affected individuals against COVID-19-associated life-threatening complications such as lung damage. Furthermore, they can be highly effective, if being applied to secondary and tertiary care of noncommunicable diseases under pandemic condition. Thus, the stratification of patients evaluating specific health conditions such as sleep quality, periodontitis, smoking, chronic inflammation and diseases, metabolic disorders and obesity, vascular dysfunction, and cancers would enable effective managemenet of COVID-19-associated complications in primary, secondary, and tertiary care in the context of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (3PM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Liskova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Koklesova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Marek Samec
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Basma Abdellatif
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, 24144 Qatar
| | - Kevin Zhai
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, 24144 Qatar
| | - Manaal Siddiqui
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, 24144 Qatar
| | - Miroslava Šudomová
- Museum of Literature in Moravia, Klášter 1, 66461, Rajhrad, Czech Republic
| | - Sherif T.S. Hassan
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Erik Kudela
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Kamil Biringer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Frank A. Giordano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, 24144 Qatar
| | - Olga Golubnitschaja
- Predictive, Preventive and Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
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Yang L, Xie X, Tu Z, Fu J, Xu D, Zhou Y. The signal pathways and treatment of cytokine storm in COVID-19. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:255. [PMID: 34234112 PMCID: PMC8261820 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00679-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 109.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become a global crisis and is more devastating than any other previous infectious disease. It has affected a significant proportion of the global population both physically and mentally, and destroyed businesses and societies. Current evidence suggested that immunopathology may be responsible for COVID-19 pathogenesis, including lymphopenia, neutrophilia, dysregulation of monocytes and macrophages, reduced or delayed type I interferon (IFN-I) response, antibody-dependent enhancement, and especially, cytokine storm (CS). The CS is characterized by hyperproduction of an array of pro-inflammatory cytokines and is closely associated with poor prognosis. These excessively secreted pro-inflammatory cytokines initiate different inflammatory signaling pathways via their receptors on immune and tissue cells, resulting in complicated medical symptoms including fever, capillary leak syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and multiorgan failure, ultimately leading to death in the most severe cases. Therefore, it is clinically important to understand the initiation and signaling pathways of CS to develop more effective treatment strategies for COVID-19. Herein, we discuss the latest developments in the immunopathological characteristics of COVID-19 and focus on CS including the current research status of the different cytokines involved. We also discuss the induction, function, downstream signaling, and existing and potential interventions for targeting these cytokines or related signal pathways. We believe that a comprehensive understanding of CS in COVID-19 will help to develop better strategies to effectively control immunopathology in this disease and other infectious and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yang
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueru Xie
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zikun Tu
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinrong Fu
- General Department, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Damo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China.
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Yufeng Zhou
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Norooznezhad AH, Mansouri K. Endothelial cell dysfunction, coagulation, and angiogenesis in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Microvasc Res 2021; 137:104188. [PMID: 34022205 PMCID: PMC8135191 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2021.104188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been led to a pandemic emergency. So far, different pathological pathways for SARS-CoV-2 infection have been introduced in which the excess release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as interleukin 1 β [IL-1β], IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor α [TNFα]) has earned most of the attentions. However, recent studies have identified new pathways with at least the same level of importance as cytokine storm in which endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction is one of them. In COVID-19, two main pathologic phenomena have been seen as a result of EC dysfunction: hyper-coagulation state and pathologic angiogenesis. The EC dysfunction-induced hypercoagulation state seems to be caused by alteration in the levels of different factors such as plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), von Willebrand factor (vWF) antigen, soluble thrombomodulin, and tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI). As data have shown, these thromboembolic events are associated with severity of disease severity or even death in COVID-19 patients. Other than thromboembolic events, pathologic angiogenesis is among the recent findings. Furthermore, over-expression/higher levels of different proangiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hypoxia-inducible factor 1 α (HIF-1α), IL-6, TNF receptor super family 1A and 12, and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) have been found in the lung biopsies/sera of both survived and non-survived COVID-19 patients. Also, there are some hypotheses regarding the role of nitric oxide in EC dysfunction and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in SARS-CoV-2 infection. It has been demonstrated that different pathways involved in inflammation are generally common with EC dysfunction and angiogenesis. Altogether, considering the common possible upstream pathways in cytokine storm, pathologic angiogenesis, and EC dysfunction, it seems that targeting these molecules (such as nuclear factor κB) could be more effective in the management of patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Norooznezhad
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Kamran Mansouri
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Barh D, Aljabali AA, Tambuwala MM, Tiwari S, Serrano-Aroca Á, Alzahrani KJ, Silva Andrade B, Azevedo V, Ganguly NK, Lundstrom K. Predicting COVID-19-Comorbidity Pathway Crosstalk-Based Targets and Drugs: Towards Personalized COVID-19 Management. Biomedicines 2021; 9:556. [PMID: 34067609 PMCID: PMC8156524 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that pre-existing comorbid conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), chronic kidney diseases (CKDs), cancers, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are associated with increased severity and fatality of COVID-19. The increased death from COVID-19 is due to the unavailability of a gold standard therapeutic and, more importantly, the lack of understanding of how the comorbid conditions and COVID-19 interact at the molecular level, so that personalized management strategies can be adopted. Here, using multi-omics data sets and bioinformatics strategy, we identified the pathway crosstalk between COVID-19 and diabetes, hypertension, CVDs, CKDs, and cancers. Further, shared pathways and hub gene-based targets for COVID-19 and its associated specific and combination of comorbid conditions are also predicted towards developing personalized management strategies. The approved drugs for most of these identified targets are also provided towards drug repurposing. Literature supports the involvement of our identified shared pathways in pathogenesis of COVID-19 and development of the specific comorbid condition of interest. Similarly, shared pathways- and hub gene-based targets are also found to have potential implementations in managing COVID-19 patients. However, the identified targets and drugs need further careful evaluation for their repurposing towards personalized treatment of COVID-19 cases having pre-existing specific comorbid conditions we have considered in this analysis. The method applied here may also be helpful in identifying common pathway components and targets in other disease-disease interactions too.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debmalya Barh
- Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur 721172, India
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (S.T.); (V.A.)
| | - Alaa A. Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan;
| | - Murtaza M. Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK;
| | - Sandeep Tiwari
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (S.T.); (V.A.)
| | - Ángel Serrano-Aroca
- Biomaterials and Bioengineering Lab, Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Khalid J. Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Bruno Silva Andrade
- Laboratório de Bioinformática e Química Computacional, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), Jequié 45206-190, Brazil;
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (S.T.); (V.A.)
| | - Nirmal Kumar Ganguly
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India;
- Institute of Liver and Biliary Science, New Delhi 110070, India
- Policy Center for Biomedical Research, Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, Faridabad 121001, India
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Rethinavel HS, Ravichandran S, Radhakrishnan RK, Kandasamy M. COVID-19 and Parkinson's disease: Defects in neurogenesis as the potential cause of olfactory system impairments and anosmia. J Chem Neuroanat 2021; 115:101965. [PMID: 33989761 PMCID: PMC8111887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2021.101965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Anosmia, a neuropathogenic condition of loss of smell, has been recognized as a key pathogenic hallmark of the current pandemic SARS-CoV-2 infection responsible for COVID-19. While the anosmia resulting from olfactory bulb (OB) pathology is the prominent clinical characteristic of Parkinson's disease (PD), SARS-CoV-2 infection has been predicted as a potential risk factor for developing Parkinsonism-related symptoms in a significant portion of COVID-19 patients and survivors. SARS-CoV-2 infection appears to alter the dopamine system and induce the loss of dopaminergic neurons that have been known to be the cause of PD. However, the underlying biological basis of anosmia and the potential link between COVID-19 and PD remains obscure. Ample experimental studies in rodents suggest that the occurrence of neural stem cell (NSC) mediated neurogenesis in the olfactory epithelium (OE) and OB is important for olfaction. Though the occurrence of neurogenesis in the human forebrain has been a subject of debate, considerable experimental evidence strongly supports the incidence of neurogenesis in the human OB in adulthood. To note, various viral infections and neuropathogenic conditions including PD with olfactory dysfunctions have been characterized by impaired neurogenesis in OB and OE. Therefore, this article describes and examines the recent reports on SARS-CoV-2 mediated OB dysfunctions and defects in the dopaminergic system responsible for PD. Further, the article emphasizes that COVID-19 and PD associated anosmia could result from the regenerative failure in the replenishment of the dopaminergic neurons in OB and olfactory sensory neurons in OE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harini Sri Rethinavel
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sowbarnika Ravichandran
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India; School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Risna Kanjirassery Radhakrishnan
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mahesh Kandasamy
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India; School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India; Faculty Recharge Programme, University Grants Commission (UGC-FRP), New Delhi, 110002, India.
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Parisi GF, Carota G, Castruccio Castracani C, Spampinato M, Manti S, Papale M, Di Rosa M, Barbagallo I, Leonardi S. Nutraceuticals in the Prevention of Viral Infections, including COVID-19, among the Pediatric Population: A Review of the Literature. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2465. [PMID: 33671104 PMCID: PMC7957644 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a growth in scientific interest in nutraceuticals, which are those nutrients in foods that have beneficial effects on health. Nutraceuticals can be extracted, used for food supplements, or added to foods. There has long been interest in the antiviral properties of nutraceuticals, which are especially topical in the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to evaluate the main nutraceuticals to which antiviral roles have been attributed (either by direct action on viruses or by modulating the immune system), with a focus on the pediatric population. Furthermore, the possible applications of these substances against SARS-CoV-2 will be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Fabio Parisi
- Pediatric Pulmonology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.F.P.); (S.M.); (M.P.); (S.L.)
| | - Giuseppe Carota
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 87 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.C.); (M.S.); (M.D.R.)
| | - Carlo Castruccio Castracani
- The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology Leonard and Madlyn Abramson Pediatric Research Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Mariarita Spampinato
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 87 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.C.); (M.S.); (M.D.R.)
| | - Sara Manti
- Pediatric Pulmonology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.F.P.); (S.M.); (M.P.); (S.L.)
| | - Maria Papale
- Pediatric Pulmonology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.F.P.); (S.M.); (M.P.); (S.L.)
| | - Michelino Di Rosa
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 87 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.C.); (M.S.); (M.D.R.)
| | - Ignazio Barbagallo
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Leonardi
- Pediatric Pulmonology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.F.P.); (S.M.); (M.P.); (S.L.)
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