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Yan H, Han Y, Shan X, Li H, Liu F, Xie G, Li P, Guo W. Altered resting-state cerebellar-cerebral functional connectivity in patients with panic disorder before and after treatment. Neuropharmacology 2023; 240:109692. [PMID: 37652260 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the functional connectivity (FC) between the cerebellum and intrinsic cerebral networks in patients with panic disorder (PD), and to observe changes in the cerebellar-cerebral FC following pharmacotherapy. Fifty-four patients with PD and 54 healthy controls (HCs) underwent clinical assessments and functional magnetic resonance imaging scans before and after a 5-week paroxetine treatment. Seed-based cerebellar-cerebral FC was compared between the PD and HC groups, as well as between patients with PD before and after treatment. Additionally, the correlations between FC and clinical features of PD were analyzed. Compared to HCs, patients with PD had altered cerebellar-cerebral FC in the default mode, affective-limbic, and sensorimotor networks. Moreover, a negative correlation between cerebellar-insula disconnection and the severity of depressive symptoms in patients with PD (Pearson correlation, r = -0.424, p = 0.001, Bonferroni corrected) was found. After treatment, most of the enhanced FCs observed in patients with PD at baseline returned to levels similar to those observed in HCs. However, the reduced FC at baseline did not significantly change after treatment. The findings suggest that patients with PD have specific deficits in resting-state cerebellar-cerebral FC and that paroxetine may improve PD by restoring the balance of cerebellar-cerebral FC. These findings emphasize the crucial involvement of cerebellar-cerebral FC in the neuropsychological mechanisms underlying PD and in the potential pharmacological mechanisms of paroxetine for treating PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohao Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yiding Han
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Shan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Huabing Li
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Guojun Xie
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, 161006, China
| | - Wenbin Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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Boucherie DE, Reneman L, Booij J, Martins D, Dipasquale O, Schrantee A. Modulation of functional networks related to the serotonin neurotransmitter system by citalopram: Evidence from a multimodal neuroimaging study. J Psychopharmacol 2023; 37:1209-1217. [PMID: 37947344 PMCID: PMC10714691 DOI: 10.1177/02698811231211154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) potentiate serotonergic neurotransmission by blocking the serotonin transporter (5-HTT), but the functional brain response to SSRIs involves neural circuits beyond regions with high 5-HTT expression. Currently, it is unclear whether and how changes in 5-HTT availability after SSRI administration modulate brain function of key serotoninergic circuits, including those characterized by high availability of the serotonin 1A receptor (5-HT1AR). AIM We investigated the association between 5-HTT availability and 5-HTT- and 5-HT1AR-enriched functional connectivity (FC) after an acute citalopram challenge. METHODS We analyzed multimodal data from a dose-response, placebo-controlled, double-blind study, in which 45 healthy women were randomized into three groups receiving placebo, a low (4 mg), or high (16 mg) oral dose of citalopram. Receptor-Enhanced Analysis of functional Connectivity by Targets was used to estimate 5-HTT- and 5-HT1AR-enriched FC from resting-state and task-based fMRI. 5-HTT availability was determined using [123I]FP-CIT single-photon emission computerized tomography. RESULTS 5-HTT availability was negatively correlated with resting-state 5-HTT-enriched FC, and with task-dependent 5-HT1AR-enriched FC. Our exploratory analyses revealed lower 5-HT1AR-enriched FC in the low-dose group compared to the high-dose group at rest and the placebo group during the emotional face-matching task. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our findings provide evidence for differential links between 5-HTT availability and brain function within 5-HTT and 5-HT1AR pathways and in context- and dose-dependent manner. As such, they support a potential pivotal role of the 5-HT1AR in the effects of citalopram on the brain and add to its potential as a therapeutic avenue for mood and anxiety disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne E Boucherie
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth Reneman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Booij
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Martins
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- Division of Adult Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ottavia Dipasquale
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Anouk Schrantee
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Affatato O, Dahlén AD, Rukh G, Schiöth HB, Mwinyi J. Assessing volumetric brain differences in migraine and depression patients: a UK Biobank study. BMC Neurol 2023; 23:284. [PMID: 37507671 PMCID: PMC10375767 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-023-03336-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Migraine and depression are two of the most common and debilitating conditions. From a clinical perspective, they are mostly prevalent in women and manifest a partial overlapping symptomatology. Despite the high level of comorbidity, previous studies hardly investigated possible common patterns in brain volumetric differences compared to healthy subjects. Therefore, the current study investigates and compares the volumetric difference patterns in sub-cortical regions between participants with migraine or depression in comparison to healthy controls. METHODS The study included data from 43 930 participants of the large UK Biobank cohort. Using official ICD10 diagnosis, we selected 712 participants with migraine, 1 853 with depression and 23 942 healthy controls. We estimated mean volumetric difference between the groups for the different sub-cortical brain regions using generalized linear regression models, conditioning the model within the levels of BMI, age, sex, ethnical background, diastolic blood pressure, current tobacco smoking, alcohol intake frequency, Assessment Centre, Indices of Multiple Deprivation, comorbidities and total brain volume. RESULTS We detected larger overall volume of the caudate (mean difference: 66, 95% CI [-3, 135]) and of the thalamus (mean difference: 103 mm3, 95% CI [-2, 208]) in migraineurs than healthy controls. We also observed that individuals with depression appear to have also larger overall (mean difference: 47 mm3, 95% CI [-7, 100]) and gray matter (mean difference: 49 mm3, 95% CI [2, 95]) putamen volumes than healthy controls, as well as larger amygdala volume (mean difference: 17 mm3, 95% CI [-7, 40]). CONCLUSION Migraineurs manifested larger overall volumes at the level of the nucleus caudate and of the thalamus, which might imply abnormal pain modulation and increased migraine susceptibility. Larger amygdala and putamen volumes in participants with depression than controls might be due to increased neuronal activity in these regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oreste Affatato
- Department of Surgical Science, Group of Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Uppsala University's Centre for Women's Mental Health During the Reproductive Lifespan - WoMHeR, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Amelia D Dahlén
- Department of Surgical Science, Group of Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gull Rukh
- Department of Surgical Science, Group of Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helgi B Schiöth
- Department of Surgical Science, Group of Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jessica Mwinyi
- Department of Surgical Science, Group of Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Uppsala University's Centre for Women's Mental Health During the Reproductive Lifespan - WoMHeR, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
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Zhao K, Xie H, Fonzo GA, Tong X, Carlisle N, Chidharom M, Etkin A, Zhang Y. Individualized fMRI connectivity defines signatures of antidepressant and placebo responses in major depression. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:2490-2499. [PMID: 36732585 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-01958-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Though sertraline is commonly prescribed in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), its superiority over placebo is only marginal. This is in part due to the neurobiological heterogeneity of the individuals. Characterizing individual-unique functional architecture of the brain may help better dissect the heterogeneity, thereby defining treatment-predictive signatures to guide personalized medication. In this study, we investigate whether individualized brain functional connectivity (FC) can define more predictable signatures of antidepressant and placebo treatment in MDD. The data used in the present work were collected by the Establishing Moderators and Biosignatures of Antidepressant Response in Clinical Care (EMBARC) study. Patients (N = 296) were randomly assigned to antidepressant sertraline or placebo double-blind treatment for 8 weeks. The whole-brain FC networks were constructed from pre-treatment resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Then, FC was individualized by removing the common components extracted from the raw baseline FC to train regression-based connectivity predictive models. With individualized FC features, the established prediction models successfully identified signatures that explained 22% variance for the sertraline group and 31% variance for the placebo group in predicting HAMD17 change. Compared with the raw FC-based models, the individualized FC-defined signatures significantly improved the prediction performance, as confirmed by cross-validation. For sertraline treatment, predictive FC metrics were predominantly located in the left middle temporal cortex and right insula. For placebo, predictive FC metrics were primarily located in the bilateral cingulate cortex and left superior temporal cortex. Our findings demonstrated that through the removal of common FC components, individualization of FC metrics enhanced the prediction performance compared to raw FC. Associated with previous MDD clinical studies, our identified predictive biomarkers provided new insights into the neuropathology of antidepressant and placebo treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanhao Zhao
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA
| | - Hua Xie
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Gregory A Fonzo
- Center for Psychedelic Research and Therapy, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Tong
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA
| | - Nancy Carlisle
- Department of Psychology, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA
| | | | - Amit Etkin
- Alto Neuroscience, Inc, Los Altos, CA, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA.
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Li K, Lu A, Deng R, Yi H. The Unique Cost of Human Eye Gaze in Cognitive Control: Being Human-Specific and Body-Related? PSICHOLOGIJA 2022. [DOI: 10.15388/psichol.2022.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the eye gaze cost in cognitive control and whether it is human-specific and body-related. In Experiment 1, we explored whether there was a cost of human eye gaze in cognitive control and extended it by focusing on the role of emotion in the cost. Stroop effect was found to be larger in eye-gaze condition than vertical grating condition, and to be comparable across positive, negative, and neutral trials. In Experiment 2, we explored whether the eye gaze cost in cognitive control was limited to human eyes. No larger Stroop effect was found in feline eye-gaze condition, neither the modulating role of emotion. In Experiment 3, we explored whether the mouth could elicit a cost in Stroop effect. Stroop effect was not significantly larger in mouth condition compared to vertical grating condition, nor across positive, negative, and neutral conditions. The results suggest that: (1) There is a robust cost of eye gaze in cognitive control; (2) Such eye-gaze cost was specific to human eyes but not to animal eyes; (3) Only human eyes could have such eye-gaze costs but not human mouth. This study supported the notion that presentation of social cues, such as human eyes, could influence attentional processing, and provided preliminary evidence that the human eye plays an important role in cognitive processing.
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Picó-Pérez M, Barbosa R, Couto B, Castro I, Magalhães R, Sousa N, Ferreira S, Morgado P. Altered frontoparietal connectivity in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder during an fMRI cognitive reappraisal task. Psychiatry Res 2022; 317:114874. [PMID: 36206590 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) present increased brain activity in orbitofrontal and limbic regions when experiencing negative emotions, which could be related to deficits in emotion regulation abilities. 30 OCD patients and 29 healthy controls (HC) performed a cognitive reappraisal functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) task and completed emotion regulation and OCD symptomatology questionnaires. Besides task activation, connectivity was also compared between groups through psychophysiological interaction analysis (PPI), using regions previously reported to be hyperactive in OCD as seeds. Finally, brain-behavior correlations were performed between activation/connectivity strength in group differential regions and the questionnaires' scores, as well as the emotional ratings reported during the task. Behaviorally, patients with OCD were less successful than controls at lowering the emotional impact of negative images. At the brain level, there were no significant between-group differences in brain activation. Contrarily, PPI analyses showed that HC had increased frontoparietal connectivity when experiencing negative emotions in comparison to OCD patients, while this pattern was reversed when regulating emotions (increased connectivity in patients). Finally, frontoparietal connectivity was correlated with measures of emotion regulation success and OCD symptomatology. Our findings point towards frontoparietal altered connectivity as a potential compensatory mechanism during emotion regulation in OCD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Picó-Pérez
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal; Departamento de Psicología Básica, Clínica y Psicobiología, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Spain.
| | - Renato Barbosa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Couto
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Inês Castro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Magalhães
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center - Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Sónia Ferreira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center - Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Pedro Morgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center - Braga, Braga, Portugal
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Reich N, Hölscher C. Beyond Appetite: Acylated Ghrelin As A Learning, Memory and Fear Behavior-modulating Hormone. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 143:104952. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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8
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Chen Z, Zhang R, Xie J, Liu P, Zhang C, Zhao J, Laplante JP, Feng T. Hybrid brain model accurately predict human procrastination behavior. Cogn Neurodyn 2022; 16:1107-1121. [PMID: 36237406 PMCID: PMC9508313 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-021-09765-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Procrastination behavior is quite ubiquitous, and should warrant cautions to us owing to its significant influences in poor mental health, low subjective well-beings and bad academic performance. However, how to identify this behavioral problem have not yet to be fully elucidated. 1132 participants were recruited as distribution of benchmark. 81 high trait procrastinators (HP) and matched low trait procrastinators (LP) were screened. To address this issue, we have built upon the hybrid brain model by using hierarchical machine learning techniques to classify HP and LP with multi-modalities neuroimaging data (i.e., grey matter volume, fractional anisotropy, static/dynamic amplitude of low frequency fluctuation and static/dynamic degree centrality). Further, we capitalized on the multiple Canonical Correlation Analysis (mCCA) and joint Independent Component Analysis algorithm (mCCA + jICA) to clarify its fusion neural components as well. The hybrid brain model showed high accuracy to discriminate HP and LP (accuracy rate = 87.04%, sensitivity rate = 86.42%, specificity rate = 85.19%). Moreover, results of mCCA + jICA model revealed several joint-discriminative neural independent components (ICs) of this classification, showing wider co-variants of frontoparietal cortex and hippocampus networks. In addition, this study demonstrated three modal-specific discriminative ICs for classification, highlighting the temporal variants of brain local and global natures in ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and PHC in HP. To sum-up, this research developed a hybrid brain model to identify trait procrastination with high accuracy, and further revealed the neural hallmarks of this trait by integrating neuroimaging fusion data. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11571-021-09765-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Chen
- Faculty of Psychology, School of Psychology, Southwest University, Tian Sheng RD, No.2, Beibei, ChongQing, 400715 China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, ChongQing, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Faculty of Psychology, School of Psychology, Southwest University, Tian Sheng RD, No.2, Beibei, ChongQing, 400715 China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, ChongQing, China
| | - Jiawei Xie
- Department of Psychology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Peiwei Liu
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Chenyan Zhang
- Cognitive Psychology Unit, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, The Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jia Zhao
- Faculty of Psychology, School of Psychology, Southwest University, Tian Sheng RD, No.2, Beibei, ChongQing, 400715 China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, ChongQing, China
| | | | - Tingyong Feng
- Faculty of Psychology, School of Psychology, Southwest University, Tian Sheng RD, No.2, Beibei, ChongQing, 400715 China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, ChongQing, China
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9
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Fisher PM, Ozenne B, Ganz M, Frokjaer VG, Dam VN, Penninx BW, Sankar A, Miskowiak K, Jensen PS, Knudsen GM, Jorgensen MB. Emotional faces processing in major depressive disorder and prediction of antidepressant treatment response: A NeuroPharm study. J Psychopharmacol 2022; 36:626-636. [PMID: 35549538 DOI: 10.1177/02698811221089035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent neuropsychiatric illness for which it is important to resolve underlying brain mechanisms. Current treatments are often unsuccessful, precipitating a need to identify predictive markers. AIM We evaluated (1) alterations in brain responses to an emotional faces functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigm in individuals with MDD, compared to controls, (2) whether pretreatment brain responses predicted antidepressant treatment response, and (3) pre-post change in brain responses following treatment. METHODS Eighty-nine medication-free, depressed individuals and 115 healthy controls completed the fMRI paradigm. Depressed individuals completed a nonrandomized, open-label, 8-week treatment with escitalopram, including the option to switch to duloxetine after 4 weeks. We examined patient-control group differences in regional fMRI responses at baseline, whether baseline fMRI responses predicted treatment response at 8 weeks, including early life stress moderating effects, and change in fMRI responses in 36 depressed individuals rescanned following 8 weeks of treatment. RESULTS Task reaction time was 5% slower in patients. Multiple brain regions showed significant task-related responses, but we observed no statistically significant patient-control group differences (Cohen's d < 0.35). Patient pretreatment brain responses did not predict antidepressant treatment response (area under the curve of the receiver operator characteristic (AUC-ROC) < 0.6) and brain responses were not statistically significantly changed after treatment (Cohen's d < 0.33). CONCLUSION This represents the largest prediction study to date examining emotional faces fMRI features as predictors of antidepressant treatment response. Brain response to this fMRI emotional faces paradigm did not distinguish depressed individuals from healthy controls, nor was it predictive of antidepressant treatment response.Clinical Trial Registration: Site: https://clinicaltrials.gov, Trial Number: NCT02869035, Trial Title: Treatment Outcome in Major Depressive Disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Fisher
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,NeuroPharm, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,BrainDrugs, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brice Ozenne
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,NeuroPharm, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,BrainDrugs, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Melanie Ganz
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,BrainDrugs, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vibe G Frokjaer
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,NeuroPharm, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,BrainDrugs, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vibeke Nh Dam
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,NeuroPharm, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,BrainDrugs, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brenda Wjh Penninx
- BrainDrugs, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anajli Sankar
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,BrainDrugs, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kamilla Miskowiak
- BrainDrugs, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter S Jensen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,NeuroPharm, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,BrainDrugs, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte M Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,NeuroPharm, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,BrainDrugs, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin B Jorgensen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,NeuroPharm, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,BrainDrugs, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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10
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Serotonergic modulation of effective connectivity in an associative relearning network during task and rest. Neuroimage 2022; 249:118887. [PMID: 34999203 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.118887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An essential core function of one's cognitive flexibility is the use of acquired knowledge and skills to adapt to ongoing environmental changes. Animal models have highlighted the influence serotonin has on neuroplasticity. These effects have been predominantly demonstrated during emotional relearning which is theorized as a possible model for depression. However, translation of these mechanisms is in its infancy. To this end, we assessed changes in effective connectivity at rest and during associative learning as a proxy of neuroplastic changes in healthy volunteers. 76 participants underwent 6 weeks of emotional or non-emotional (re)learning (face-matching or Chinese character-German noun matching). During relearning participants either self-administered 10 mg/day of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) escitalopram or placebo in a double-blind design. Associative learning tasks, resting-state and structural images were recorded before and after both learning phases (day 1, 21 and 42). Escitalopram intake modulated relearning changes in a network encompassing the right insula, anterior cingulate cortex and right angular gyrus. Here, the process of relearning during SSRI intake showed a greater decrease in effective connectivity from the right insula to both the anterior cingulate cortex and right angular gyrus, with increases in the opposite direction when compared to placebo. In contrast, intrinsic connections and those at resting-state were only marginally affected by escitalopram. Further investigation of gray matter volume changes in these functionally active regions revealed no significant SSRI-induced structural changes. These findings indicate that the right insula plays a central role in the process of relearning and SSRIs further potentiate this effect. In sum, we demonstrated that SSRIs amplify learning-induced effective connections rather than affecting the intrinsic task connectivity or that of resting-state.
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Upadhyay J, Verrico CD, Cay M, Kodele S, Yammine L, Koob GF, Schreiber R. Neurocircuitry basis of the opioid use disorder-post-traumatic stress disorder comorbid state: conceptual analyses using a dimensional framework. Lancet Psychiatry 2022; 9:84-96. [PMID: 34774203 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(21)00008-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the interface between opioid use disorder (OUD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is challenging. By use of a dimensional framework, such as research domain criteria, convergent and targetable neurobiological processes in OUD-PTSD comorbidity can be identified. We hypothesise that, in OUD-PTSD, circuitry that is implicated in two research domain criteria systems (ie, negative valence and cognitive control) underpins dysregulation of incentive salience, negative emotionality, and executive function. We also propose that the OUD-PTSD state might be systematically investigated with approaches outlined within a neuroclinical assessment framework for addictions and PTSD. Our dimensional analysis of the OUD-PTSD state shows how first-line therapeutic approaches (ie, partial μ-type opioid receptor [MOR1] agonism) modulate overlapping neurobiological and clinical features and also provides mechanistic rationale for evaluating polytherapeutic strategies (ie, partial MOR1 agonism, κ-type opioid receptor [KOR1] antagonism, and α-2A adrenergic receptor [ADRA2A] agonism). A combination of these therapeutic mechanisms is projected to facilitate recovery in patients with OUD-PTSD by mitigating negative valence states and enhancing executive control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaymin Upadhyay
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA.
| | - Christopher D Verrico
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mariesa Cay
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Sanda Kodele
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Section Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Luba Yammine
- Louis A Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - George F Koob
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rudy Schreiber
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Section Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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12
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Lerman I, Klaming R, Spadoni A, Baker DG, Simmons AN. Non-invasive cervical vagus nerve stimulation effects on reaction time and valence image anticipation response. Brain Stimul 2022; 15:946-956. [PMID: 35738468 PMCID: PMC9721369 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Norepinephrine (NE) driven noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS), which improves attention and reduces reaction time, augments learning. Equally important, endogenous NE mediated arousal is highly dependent on the valence (positive or negative) of the exogenous stimulus. But to date, no study has measured valence specific effects of nVNS on both functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) anticipation task response and reaction time in healthy individuals. Therefore, the aim of this pilot study was to assess whether nVNS vs sham modulates valence cortical anticipation task response and reaction time in a normative sample. METHODS Participants received right sided transcutaneous cervical nVNS (N = 12) or sham (N = 12) stimulation during a 3T fMRI scan. Subjects first performed a continuous performance task (CPT) and then a cued anticipation task to images of positively and negatively valenced events during fMRI. Reaction times to cues and Blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) response were examined over phase to identify effects of nVNS/sham over time. RESULTS nVNS reduced reaction time for all valenced image anticipation trials. With the fMRI anticipation task, we observed a valence-specific effect; nVNS increased responsivity to images with negative valence and decreased responsivity to images with positive valence, whereas sham showed an inverse valence response. CONCLUSIONS nVNS was linked to reduced reaction time during the anticipation task. In tandem, nVNS consistently enhanced responsivity to negatively valenced images and diminished responsivity to positively valenced images, suggesting specific nVNS driven endogenous neurotransmitter signaling may contribute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imanuel Lerman
- VA Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, United States; Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Pain Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.
| | - Ruth Klaming
- VA Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, United States; Department of Psychiatry University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Andrea Spadoni
- VA Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, United States; Department of Psychiatry University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Dewleen G Baker
- VA Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, United States; Department of Psychiatry University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Alan N Simmons
- VA Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, United States; Department of Psychiatry University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
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13
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Manarte L, Andrade AR, do Rosário L, Sampaio D, Figueira ML, Langley C, Morgado P, Sahakian BJ. Poor insight in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD): Associations with empathic concern and emotion recognition. Psychiatry Res 2021; 304:114129. [PMID: 34311099 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Insight is currently considered to be responsible for 20% to 40% of the cases of ineffective obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) treatment. As 15% to 36% of patients with OCD have reduced insight, we aimed to identify some of the clinical determinants of insight in OCD. RESULTS Our sample consisted of 57 OCD patients, of which 34 men (59%) and 23 women (41%). All individuals completed a two-phase interview consisting of a clinical assessment, emotional awareness evaluation and insight measurement, using the Brown Assessment of Beliefs Scale (BABS). The insight score correlated significantly with negative emotion recognition (p < 0.0001) and empathic concern (p = 0.003). MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Our results support the hypothesis that insight in OCD is related to emotional awareness, specifically emotion recognition and empathic concern. Future research should investigate the extent to which poor insight and impaired emotional awareness can be modified by psychological or pharmacological therapies and whether this will enhance treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Manarte
- Psychiatry and Mental Health Department, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - António R Andrade
- IDMEC. Instituto Superior Técnico. University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1649-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Linete do Rosário
- Psychiatry and Mental Health Department, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Daniel Sampaio
- Psychiatry and Mental Health Department, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Luísa Figueira
- Psychiatry and Mental Health Department, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Christelle Langley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building for Brain & Mind Sciences, Forvie Site, Robinson Way. Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - Pedro Morgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Minho. R. da Universidade, 4710-057. Braga, Portugal
| | - Barbara J Sahakian
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building for Brain & Mind Sciences, Forvie Site, Robinson Way. Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK
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14
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Shephard E, Stern ER, van den Heuvel OA, Costa DL, Batistuzzo MC, Godoy PB, Lopes AC, Brunoni AR, Hoexter MQ, Shavitt RG, Reddy JY, Lochner C, Stein DJ, Simpson HB, Miguel EC. Toward a neurocircuit-based taxonomy to guide treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:4583-4604. [PMID: 33414496 PMCID: PMC8260628 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-01007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An important challenge in mental health research is to translate findings from cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging research into effective treatments that target the neurobiological alterations involved in psychiatric symptoms. To address this challenge, in this review we propose a heuristic neurocircuit-based taxonomy to guide the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). We do this by integrating information from several sources. First, we provide case vignettes in which patients with OCD describe their symptoms and discuss different clinical profiles in the phenotypic expression of the condition. Second, we link variations in these clinical profiles to underlying neurocircuit dysfunctions, drawing on findings from neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies in OCD. Third, we consider behavioral, pharmacological, and neuromodulatory treatments that could target those specific neurocircuit dysfunctions. Finally, we suggest methods of testing this neurocircuit-based taxonomy as well as important limitations to this approach that should be considered in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Shephard
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Emily R. Stern
- Department of Psychiatry, The New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA.,Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York, USA
| | - Odile A. van den Heuvel
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel L.C. Costa
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo C. Batistuzzo
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscilla B.G. Godoy
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio C. Lopes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andre R. Brunoni
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Q. Hoexter
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roseli G. Shavitt
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Janardhan Y.C Reddy
- Department of Psychiatry OCD Clinic, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Christine Lochner
- SA MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dan J. Stein
- SA MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - H. Blair Simpson
- Center for OCD and Related Disorders, New York State Psychiatric Institute and the Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York New York
| | - Euripedes C. Miguel
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Kinney KL, Burkhouse KL, Chang F, MacNamara A, Klumpp H, Phan KL. Neural mechanisms and predictors of SSRI and CBT treatment of anxiety: A randomized trial focused on emotion and cognitive processing. J Anxiety Disord 2021; 82:102449. [PMID: 34274600 PMCID: PMC8364887 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2021.102449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety disorders (ADs) are common and difficult to treat. While research suggests ADs are characterized by an imbalance between bottom-up and top-down attention processes and that effective treatments work by correcting this dysfunction, there is insufficient data to explain how and for whom treatments work. The late positive potential (LPP), an event-related potential reflecting elaborative processing of motivationally salient stimuli, is sensitive to both bottom-up and top-down processes. The present study examines the LPP in healthy controls (HC) and patients with ADs under low and high working memory (WM) load to assess its utility as a predictor and index of symptom reduction in patients who underwent cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment. The LPP when viewing negative and neutral distractor images and WM performance were assessed in 96 participants (40 HC, 32 CBT, 24 SSRI) during a letter recall task at Week 0 and in a subset of the study sample (23 CBT, 16 SSRI) at Week 12. Patients were randomly assigned to twelve weeks of CBT or SSRI treatment. Participants completed self-reported symptom measures at each time point. Greater Week 0 LPP to negative images under low WM load predicted greater symptom reduction in the SSRI, but not the CBT, group. Regression analyses examining the LPP to negative images as an index of symptom reduction revealed a smaller decrease in the LPP to negative images under low WM load was associated with less anxiety reduction across treatment modalities. Findings suggest the LPP during low WM load may serve as a cost-effective predictor and index of treatment outcome in ADs. Clinical Trials Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT01903447).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry L Kinney
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
| | - Katie L Burkhouse
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Fini Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Annmarie MacNamara
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Heide Klumpp
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - K Luan Phan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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16
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Cosgrove KT, Kuplicki R, Savitz J, Burrows K, Simmons WK, Khalsa SS, Teague TK, Aupperle RL, Paulus MP. Impact of ibuprofen and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma on emotion-related neural activation: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 96:135-142. [PMID: 34052365 PMCID: PMC8319138 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen have shown initial promise in producing antidepressant effects. This is perhaps due to these drugs being peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonists, in addition to their inhibition of cyclooxygenase enzymes. Some, albeit mixed, evidence suggests that PPARγ agonists have antidepressant effects in humans and animals. This double-blind, placebo-controlled, pharmacologic functional magnetic resonance imaging (ph-fMRI) study aimed to elucidate the impact of ibuprofen on emotion-related neural activity and determine whether observed effects were due to changes in PPARγ gene expression. Twenty healthy volunteers completed an emotional face matching task during three fMRI sessions, conducted one week apart. Placebo, 200 mg, or 600 mg ibuprofen was administered 1 h prior to each scan in a pseudo-randomized order. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected at each session to isolate RNA for PPARγ gene expression. At the doses used, ibuprofen did not significantly change PPARγ gene expression. Ibuprofen dose was associated with decreased blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and fusiform gyrus during emotional face processing (faces-shapes). Additionally, PPARγ gene expression was associated with increased BOLD activation in the insula and transverse and superior temporal gyri (faces-shapes). No interaction effects between ibuprofen dose and PPARγ gene expression on BOLD activation were observed. Thus, results suggest that ibuprofen and PPARγ may have independent effects on emotional neurocircuitry. Future studies are needed to further delineate the roles of ibuprofen and PPARγ in exerting antidepressant effects in healthy as well as clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly T. Cosgrove
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 S. Yale Ave., Tulsa, OK, 74136,Department of Psychology, University of Tulsa, 800 S. Tucker Dr., Tulsa, OK, 74104
| | - Rayus Kuplicki
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 S. Yale Ave., Tulsa, OK 74136 USA.
| | - Jonathan Savitz
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 S. Yale Ave., Tulsa, OK 74136 USA.
| | - Kaiping Burrows
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 S. Yale Ave., Tulsa, OK 74136 USA.
| | - W. Kyle Simmons
- Center for Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 1013 E 66th Pl, Tulsa, OK 74136
| | - Sahib S. Khalsa
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 S. Yale Ave., Tulsa, OK, 74136,School of Community Medicine, University of Tulsa, 800 S. Tucker Dr., Tulsa, OK, 74104
| | - T. Kent Teague
- School of Community Medicine, University of Oklahoma, 4502 E. 41st St., Tulsa, OK, 74135
| | - Robin L. Aupperle
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 S. Yale Ave., Tulsa, OK, 74136,School of Community Medicine, University of Tulsa, 800 S. Tucker Dr., Tulsa, OK, 74104
| | - Martin P. Paulus
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 S. Yale Ave., Tulsa, OK, 74136,School of Community Medicine, University of Tulsa, 800 S. Tucker Dr., Tulsa, OK, 74104
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17
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Reed MB, Vanicek T, Seiger R, Klöbl M, Spurny B, Handschuh P, Ritter V, Unterholzner J, Godbersen GM, Gryglewski G, Kraus C, Winkler D, Hahn A, Lanzenberger R. Neuroplastic effects of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor in relearning and retrieval. Neuroimage 2021; 236:118039. [PMID: 33852940 PMCID: PMC7610799 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal studies using selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and learning paradigms have demonstrated that serotonin is important for flexibility in executive functions and learning. SSRIs might facilitate relearning through neuroplastic processes and thus exert their clinical effects in psychiatric diseases where cognitive functioning is affected. However, translation of these mechanisms to humans is missing. In this randomized placebo-controlled trial, we assessed functional brain activation during learning and memory retrieval in healthy volunteers performing associative learning tasks aiming to translate facilitated relearning by SSRIs. To this extent, seventy-six participants underwent three MRI scanning sessions: (1) at baseline, (2) after three weeks of daily associative learning and subsequent retrieval (face-matching or Chinese character–noun matching) and (3) after three weeks of relearning under escitalopram (10 mg/day) or placebo. Associative learning and retrieval tasks were performed during each functional MRI (fMRI) session. Statistical modeling was done using a repeated-measures ANOVA, to test for content-by-treatment-by-time interaction effects. During the learning task, a significant substance-by-time interaction was found in the right insula showing a greater deactivation in the SSRI cohort after 21 days of relearning compared to the learning phase. In the retrieval task, there was a significant content-by-time interaction in the left angular gyrus (AG) with an increased activation in face-matching compared to Chinese-character matching for both learning and relearning phases. A further substance-by-time interaction was found in task performance after 21 days of relearning, indicating a greater decrease of performance in the placebo group. Our findings that escitalopram modulate insula activation demonstrates successful translation of relearning as a mechanism of SSRIs in human. Furthermore, we show that the left AG is an active component of correct memory retrieval, which coincides with previous literature. We extend the function of this region by demonstrating its activation is not only stimulus dependent but also time constrained. Finally, we were able to show that escitalopram aids in relearning, irrespective of content.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Reed
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - T Vanicek
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - R Seiger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - M Klöbl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - B Spurny
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - P Handschuh
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - V Ritter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - J Unterholzner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - G M Godbersen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - G Gryglewski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - C Kraus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - D Winkler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - A Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - R Lanzenberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
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18
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The acts of opening and closing the eyes are of importance for congenital blindness: Evidence from resting-state fMRI. Neuroimage 2021; 233:117966. [PMID: 33744460 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Volitional eye closure is observed only in conscious and awake humans, and is rare in animals. It is believed that eye closure can focus one's attention inward and facilitate activities such as meditation and mental imagery. Congenital blind individuals are also required to close their eyes for these activities. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI) studies have found robust differences between the eyes-closed (EC) and eyes-open (EO) conditions in some brain regions in the sighted. This study analyzed data from 21 congenital blind individuals and 21 sighted controls by using amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) of RS-fMRI. The blind group and the sighted group shared similar pattern of differences between the EC and EO condition: ALFF was higher in the EC condition than the EO condition in the bilateral primary sensorimotor cortex, bilateral supplementary motor area, and inferior occipital cortex, while ALFF was lower in the EC condition than the EO condition in the medial prefrontal cortex, highlighting the "nature" effect on the difference between the EC and EO conditions. The results of other matrices such as fractional ALFF (fALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) showed similar patterns to that of ALFF. Moreover, no significant difference was observed between the EC-EO pattern of the two subgroups of congenital blind (i.e., with and without light perception), suggesting that the EC-EO difference is irrespective of residual light perception which reinforced the "nature" effect. We also found between-group differences, i.e., more probably "nurture effect", in the posterior insula and fusiform. Our results suggest that the acts of closing and opening the eyes are of importance for the congenital blind, and that these actions and their differences might be inherent in the nature of humans.
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19
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Flook EA, Luchsinger JR, Silveri MM, Winder DG, Benningfield MM, Blackford JU. Anxiety during abstinence from alcohol: A systematic review of rodent and human evidence for the anterior insula's role in the abstinence network. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e12861. [PMID: 31991531 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is a chronic, relapsing disease that impacts almost a third of Americans. Despite effective treatments for attaining sobriety, the majority of patients relapse within a year, making relapse a substantial barrier to long-term treatment success. A major factor contributing to relapse is heightened negative affect that results from the combination of abstinence-related increases in stress-reactivity and decreases in reward sensitivity. Substantial research has contributed to the understanding of reward-related changes in AUD. However, less is known about anxiety during abstinence, a critical component of understanding addiction as anxiety during abstinence can trigger relapse. Most of what we know about abstinence-related negative affect comes from rodent studies which have identified key brain regions responsible for abstinence-related behaviors. This abstinence network is composed of brain regions that make up the extended amygdala: the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST). More recently, emerging evidence from rodent and human studies suggests a fourth brain region, the anterior insula, might be part of the abstinence network. Here, we review current rodent and human literature on the extended amygdala's role in alcohol abstinence and anxiety, present evidence for the anterior insula's role in the abstinence network, and provide future directions for research to further elucidate the neural underpinnings of abstinence in humans. A better understanding of the abstinence network is critical toward understanding and possibly preventing relapse in AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Flook
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
| | - Joseph R. Luchsinger
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN USA
- Vanderbilt J.F. Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN USA
| | - Marisa M. Silveri
- Neurodevelopmental Laboratory on Addictions and Mental Health, Brain Imaging Center, McLean Hospital Belmont MA USA
- Department of Psychiatry Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Danny G. Winder
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
- Vanderbilt J.F. Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN USA
| | - Margaret M. Benningfield
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
| | - Jennifer Urbano Blackford
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
- Vanderbilt J.F. Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN USA
- Research Health Scientist, Research and Development, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center Nashville TN USA
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20
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Spechler PA, Chaarani B, Orr C, Albaugh MD, Fontaine NR, Higgins ST, Banaschewski T, Bokde ALW, Quinlan EB, Desrivières S, Flor H, Grigis A, Gowland P, Heinz A, Ittermann B, Artiges E, Martinot MLP, Nees F, Orfanos DP, Paus T, Poustka L, Hohmann S, Fröhner JH, Smolka MN, Walter H, Whelan R, Schumann G, Garavan H. Longitudinal associations between amygdala reactivity and cannabis use in a large sample of adolescents. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:3447-3458. [PMID: 32772145 PMCID: PMC7572697 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05624-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The amygdala is a key brain structure to study in relation to cannabis use as reflected by its high-density of cannabinoid receptors and functional reactivity to processes relevant to drug use. Previously, we identified a correlation between cannabis use in early adolescence and amygdala hyper-reactivity to angry faces (Spechler et al. 2015). OBJECTIVES Here, we leveraged the longitudinal aspect of the same dataset (the IMAGEN study) to determine (1) if amygdala hyper-reactivity predicts future cannabis use and (2) if amygdala reactivity is affected by prolonged cannabis exposure during adolescence. METHODS First, linear regressions predicted the level of cannabis use by age 19 using amygdala reactivity to angry faces measured at age 14 prior to cannabis exposure in a sample of 1119 participants. Next, we evaluated the time course of amygdala functional development from age 14 to 19 for angry face processing and how it might be associated with protracted cannabis use throughout this developmental window. We compared the sample from Spechler et al. 2015, the majority of whom escalated their use over the 5-year interval, to a matched sample of non-users. RESULTS Right amygdala reactivity to angry faces significantly predicted cannabis use 5 years later in a dose-response fashion. Cannabis-naïve adolescents demonstrated the lowest levels of amygdala reactivity. No such predictive relationship was identified for alcohol or cigarette use. Next, follow-up analyses indicated a significant group-by-time interaction for the right amygdala. CONCLUSIONS (1) Right amygdala hyper-reactivity is predictive of future cannabis use, and (2) protracted cannabis exposure during adolescence may alter the rate of neurotypical functional development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Spechler
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA.
| | - Bader Chaarani
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA
| | - Catherine Orr
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA
| | - Matthew D Albaugh
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA
| | - Nicholas R Fontaine
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA
| | - Stephen T Higgins
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Arun L W Bokde
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Erin Burke Quinlan
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS) and MRC-SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS) and MRC-SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Herta Flor
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Antoine Grigis
- NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Penny Gowland
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig-Berlin, Germany
| | - Eric Artiges
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U A10 "Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie", Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli; and Psychiatry Department 91G16, Orsay Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U A10 "Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie", Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli; and AP-HP.Sorbonne Université, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Tomáš Paus
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital and Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Paris, France
| | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen, von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sarah Hohmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Juliane H Fröhner
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael N Smolka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen, von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Whelan
- School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS) and MRC-SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA
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21
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Young KD, Friedman ES, Collier A, Berman SR, Feldmiller J, Haggerty AE, Thase ME, Siegle GJ. Response to SSRI intervention and amygdala activity during self-referential processing in major depressive disorder. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2020; 28:102388. [PMID: 32871385 PMCID: PMC7476063 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Examined whether SSRIs normalize amygdala activity or dampen responsiveness. Responders and non-responders did not differ in amygdala activity prior to treatment. SSRI responders had increased amygdala activation to positive stimuli after treatment. SSRI responders also had decreased amygdala activation to negative stimuli after treatment.
There are conflicting reports on the impact of antidepressants on neural reactions for positive information. We thus hypothesized that there would be clinically important individual differences in neural reactivity to positive information during SSRI therapy. We further predicted that only those who responded to SSRIs would show increased amygdala reactivity to positive information following treatment to a level similar to that seen in healthy participants. Depressed individuals (n = 17) underwent fMRI during performance of a task involving rating the self-relevance of emotionally positive and negative cue words before and after receiving 12 weeks of SSRI therapy. At post-treatment, SSRI responders (n = 11) had increased amygdala activity in response to positive stimuli, and decreased activity in response to negative stimuli, compared to non-responders (n = 6). Results suggest that normalizing amygdala responses to salient information is a correlate of SSRI efficacy. Second line interventions that modulate amygdala activity, such as fMRI neurofeedback, may be beneficial in those who do not respond to SSRI medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kymberly D Young
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, 15213 PA, USA.
| | - Edward S Friedman
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, 15213 PA, USA
| | - Amanda Collier
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, 15213 PA, USA
| | | | | | - Agnes E Haggerty
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136 FL, USA
| | - Michael E Thase
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, 19104 PA, USA
| | - Greg J Siegle
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, 15213 PA, USA
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22
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Mora S, Merchán A, Aznar S, Flores P, Moreno M. Increased amygdala and decreased hippocampus volume after schedule-induced polydipsia in high drinker compulsive rats. Behav Brain Res 2020; 390:112592. [PMID: 32417273 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Fronto-limbic structures and serotonin 2A receptors (5-HT2A) have been implicated in the pathophysiology and treatment of compulsive spectrum disorders. Schedule-Induced Polydipsia (SIP), characterized by the development of excessive drinking under intermittent food reinforcement schedules, is a valid preclinical model for studying the compulsive phenotype. In the present study, we explored the individual differences and effect of SIP in brain volume and 5-HT2A receptor binding in fronto-limbic structures in rats selected according to their compulsive drinking behavior. Rats were divided into high (HD) and low drinkers (LD) by SIP (20 sessions); later, we analyzed the brains of HD and LD selected rats, in two different conditions: non-re-exposure (NRE) or re-exposure to SIP (RE), with four groups: LD-NRE, LD-RE, HD-NRE and HD-RE. Histological analyses were carried out for volumetric (stereology) and receptor binding (autoradiography) in the prelimbic and infralimbic cortex, dorsal hippocampus and basolateral amygdala. After SIP re-exposure, HD-RE showed an increased basolateral amygdala and a reduced hippocampus volume compared to HD-NRE rats, and also compared to LD-RE rats. No differences were found between HD and LD in NRE condition. Moreover, HD rats exhibit a lower 5-HT2A receptor binding in the basolateral amygdala, independently of SIP re-exposure, compared to LD rats. However, LD-RE showed a decreased 5-HT2A receptor binding in basolateral amygdala compared to LD-NRE. No differences were found in the remaining structures. These findings suggest that SIP might be differentially impacting HD and LD brains, pointing towards a possible explanation of how the latent vulnerability to compulsivity is triggered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Mora
- Department of Psychology & Health Research Centre (CEINSA), University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Ana Merchán
- Department of Psychology & Health Research Centre (CEINSA), University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Susana Aznar
- Research Laboratory for Stereology and Neuroscience, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pilar Flores
- Department of Psychology & Health Research Centre (CEINSA), University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Margarita Moreno
- Department of Psychology & Health Research Centre (CEINSA), University of Almería, Almería, Spain.
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23
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Velasco ER, Florido A, Milad MR, Andero R. Sex differences in fear extinction. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 103:81-108. [PMID: 31129235 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite the exponential increase in fear research during the last years, few studies have included female subjects in their design. The need to include females arises from the knowledge gap of mechanistic processes underlying the behavioral and neural differences observed in fear extinction. Moreover, the exact contribution of sex and hormones in relation to learning and behavior is still largely unknown. Insights from this field could be beneficial as fear-related disorders are twice as prevalent in women compared to men. Here, we review an up-to-date summary of animal and human studies in adulthood that report sex differences in fear extinction from a structural and functional approach. Furthermore, we describe how these factors could contribute to the observed sex differences in fear extinction during normal and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Velasco
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Florido
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - M R Milad
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA
| | - R Andero
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; CIBERSAM, Corporació Sanitaria Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain; Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.
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24
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Zilcha-Mano S, Roose SP, Brown PJ, Rutherford BR. Not Just Nonspecific Factors: The Roles of Alliance and Expectancy in Treatment, and Their Neurobiological Underpinnings. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 12:293. [PMID: 30760986 PMCID: PMC6361734 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic factors such as alliance and expectancy have been found to greatly affect treatment outcome in both psychotherapy and psychopharmacotherapy. Often, these factors are referred to as nonspecific because of their common roles across treatment modalities. Here we argue that conceptualizing such factors as nonspecific is not accurate at best, misleading at worst and may undermine treatment outcome across various modalities. We argue that alliance and expectancy contain both a trait-like common factor component and a state-like specific effect, and that it is clinically, conceptually and methodologically critical to disentangle the two. In other words, both alliance and expectancy may also function as active ingredients of treatment, leading to better outcome. We review the literature regarding the neurobiological underpinnings of alliance and of the expectancy effect, and suggest how future studies on the neurobiological basis of these effects can shed further light on the potentially distinct mechanisms of the trait-like and state-like components of each therapeutic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven P Roose
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States
| | - Patrick J Brown
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States
| | - Bret R Rutherford
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States
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25
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Østergaard L, Jørgensen MB, Knudsen GM. Low on energy? An energy supply-demand perspective on stress and depression. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 94:248-270. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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26
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Gruber SA, Sagar KA, Dahlgren MK, Gonenc A, Smith RT, Lambros AM, Cabrera KB, Lukas SE. The Grass Might Be Greener: Medical Marijuana Patients Exhibit Altered Brain Activity and Improved Executive Function after 3 Months of Treatment. Front Pharmacol 2018; 8:983. [PMID: 29387010 PMCID: PMC5776082 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The vast majority of states have enacted full or partial medical marijuana (MMJ) programs, causing the number of patients seeking certification for MMJ use to increase dramatically in recent years. Despite increased use of MMJ across the nation, no studies thus far have examined the specific impact of MMJ on cognitive function and related brain activation. In the present study, MMJ patients seeking treatment for a variety of documented medical conditions were assessed prior to initiating MMJ treatment and after 3 months of treatment as part of a larger longitudinal study. In order to examine the effect of MMJ treatment on task-related brain activation, MMJ patients completed the Multi-Source Interference Test (MSIT) while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We also collected data regarding conventional medication use, clinical state, and health-related measures at each visit. Following 3 months of treatment, MMJ patients demonstrated improved task performance accompanied by changes in brain activation patterns within the cingulate cortex and frontal regions. Interestingly, after MMJ treatment, brain activation patterns appeared more similar to those exhibited by healthy controls from previous studies than at pre-treatment, suggestive of a potential normalization of brain function relative to baseline. These findings suggest that MMJ use may result in different effects relative to recreational marijuana (MJ) use, as recreational consumers have been shown to exhibit decrements in task performance accompanied by altered brain activation. Moreover, patients in the current study also reported improvements in clinical state and health-related measures as well as notable decreases in prescription medication use, particularly opioids and benzodiapezines after 3 months of treatment. Further research is needed to clarify the specific neurobiologic impact, clinical efficacy, and unique effects of MMJ for a range of indications and how it compares to recreational MJ use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Staci A Gruber
- Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Core, McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States.,Marijuana Investigations for Neuroscientific Discovery Program, McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kelly A Sagar
- Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Core, McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States.,Marijuana Investigations for Neuroscientific Discovery Program, McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mary K Dahlgren
- Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Core, McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States.,Marijuana Investigations for Neuroscientific Discovery Program, McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States.,Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Atilla Gonenc
- Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Core, McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States.,Marijuana Investigations for Neuroscientific Discovery Program, McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rosemary T Smith
- Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Core, McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States.,Marijuana Investigations for Neuroscientific Discovery Program, McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
| | - Ashley M Lambros
- Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Core, McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States.,Marijuana Investigations for Neuroscientific Discovery Program, McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
| | - Korine B Cabrera
- Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Core, McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States.,Marijuana Investigations for Neuroscientific Discovery Program, McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
| | - Scott E Lukas
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Behavioral Psychopharmacology Research Laboratory, McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Sexual dysfunction is a frequent issue in patients with affective disorders, affecting its quality of life and posing challenges to the approach of these patients. RECENT FINDINGS In recent years, human sexuality has attracted interest from the scientific community, and today we have a much deeper knowledge of the mechanisms involved in the sexual response. Paraphilias or sexual dysfunctions like low sexual desire, premature ejaculation, and erectile dysfunction, are frequent in affective disorders, and the frequency of each sexual problem varies according to the affective disorder. Comparing what is currently known about the sexual response with the main neurobiological findings of depressive, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders, it is possible to better understand specific sexual complaints of patients with these disorders. SUMMARY A better understanding of sexual function in affective disorders may help clinicians to choose treatments more suited to specific needs of these patients. Although the current state of science already allows us to have some understanding about sexual function in affective disorders, this critical area of research is still in its infancy, waiting for more investment.
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28
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Rosales JH, Ramos F, Ramos M, Cervantes JA. Search for an Appropriate Behavior within the Emotional Regulation in Virtual Creatures Using a Learning Classifier System. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2017; 2017:5204083. [PMID: 29209362 PMCID: PMC5676365 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5204083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Emotion regulation is a process by which human beings control emotional behaviors. From neuroscientific evidence, this mechanism is the product of conscious or unconscious processes. In particular, the mechanism generated by a conscious process needs a priori components to be computed. The behaviors generated by previous experiences are among these components. These behaviors need to be adapted to fulfill the objectives in a specific situation. The problem we address is how to endow virtual creatures with emotion regulation in order to compute an appropriate behavior in a specific emotional situation. This problem is clearly important and we have not identified ways to solve this problem in the current literature. In our proposal, we show a way to generate the appropriate behavior in an emotional situation using a learning classifier system (LCS). We illustrate the function of our proposal in unknown and known situations by means of two case studies. Our results demonstrate that it is possible to converge to the appropriate behavior even in the first case; that is, when the system does not have previous experiences and in situations where some previous information is available our proposal proves to be a very powerful tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan-Hernando Rosales
- Department of Computer Science, Cinvestav-IPN, Unidad Guadalajara, Av. del Bosque No. 1145, 45019 Zapopán, JAL, Mexico
| | - Félix Ramos
- Department of Computer Science, Cinvestav-IPN, Unidad Guadalajara, Av. del Bosque No. 1145, 45019 Zapopán, JAL, Mexico
| | - Marco Ramos
- Department of Computer Science, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Instituto Literario, No. 100, 50000 Toluca, MEX, Mexico
| | - José-Antonio Cervantes
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Los Valles University Center, University of Guadalajara, Carretera Guadalajara-Ameca Km. 45.5, Ameca, JAL, Mexico
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29
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Integrating a cognitive computational model of planning and decision-making considering affective information. COGN SYST RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cogsys.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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30
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Gruber SA, Dahlgren MK, Sagar KA, Gonenc A, Norris L, Cohen BM, Ongur D, Lewandowski KE. Decreased Cingulate Cortex activation during cognitive control processing in bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2017; 213:86-95. [PMID: 28199893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive deficits are well-documented in patients with bipolar disorder (BPD) and may impact the efficacy of psychotherapy. Cognitive control, a form of executive functioning, is often used therapeutically to shift patients' thoughts and behaviors from automatic, maladaptive responses to adaptive coping strategies. This study examined cognitive control processing in patients with BPD using the Multi-Source Interference Task (MSIT). METHOD Twenty-nine patients diagnosed with BPD and 21 healthy control (HC) subjects completed the MSIT with concurrent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). RESULTS Patients with BPD generally performed worse on the MSIT relative to HC participants; the BPD group had significantly lower performance accuracy and made more omission errors. Further, fMRI analyses revealed differential patterns of activation between the groups during the MSIT. Region of interest (ROI) analyses revealed that relative to HC participants, patients with BPD activated significantly fewer voxels within the cingulate cortex (CC) and more voxels within prefrontal cortex (PFC), although the PFC findings did not survive more stringent significance thresholds. LIMITATIONS Patients and HCs were not matched for age, sex, and premorbid verbal IQ, however, these variables were controlled for statistically. Medication usage in the BPD group may have possibly impacted the results. Given a priori hypotheses, ROI analyses were utilized. CONCLUSIONS Decreased CC activation and increased PFC activation may be associated with impaired cognitive control, demonstrated by BPD patients when completing the MSIT. Identifying the neural mechanisms which underlie key cognitive abnormalities in BPD may aid in clarifying the pathophysiology of this disorder and inform selection of potential targets for cognition remediation in BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Staci A Gruber
- Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Core, McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States.
| | - M Kathryn Dahlgren
- Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Core, McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, United States; Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, United States
| | - Kelly A Sagar
- Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Core, McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Atilla Gonenc
- Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Core, McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Lesley Norris
- Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorders Research Program, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, United States
| | - Bruce M Cohen
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States; Program for Neuropsychiatric Research, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, United States
| | - Dost Ongur
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States; Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorders Research Program, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, United States; Program for Neuropsychiatric Research, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, United States
| | - Kathryn E Lewandowski
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States; Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorders Research Program, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, United States
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31
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Li Z, Lei W, Deng W, Zheng Z, Li M, Ma X, Wang Q, Huang C, Li N, Collier DA, Gong Q, Li T. Aberrant spontaneous neural activity and correlation with evoked-brain potentials in first-episode, treatment-naïve patients with deficit and non-deficit schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2017; 261:9-19. [PMID: 28092779 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The goals of the study were to analyze spontaneous neural activity between deficit and non-deficit schizophrenia (DS, NDS) using resting-state fMRI, and to investigate the correlation of fMRI with clinical features and evoked brain potentials. The amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF) was measured in 41 DS participants, 42 NDS participants, and 42 healthy controls. ALFF in the bilateral cerebellum posterior lobe was significantly decreased in patients, while ALFF in the right fusiform gyrus and the bilateral putamen was significantly increased. In schizophrenia patients, ALFF in the right putamen positively correlated with excited/activation on Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS-EXC/ACT). In DS patients, ALFF in the right insula was significantly increased than in controls and positively correlated with S2-P50 amplitude of sensory gating P50. ALFF in the left cerebellum posterior lobe negatively correlated with negative symptoms and withdrawn on PANSS (PANSS-NS, PANSS-WIT), ALFF in the right putamen positively correlated with PANSS-WIT. In NDS patients, ALFF in the middle temporal gyrus decreased than in controls and negatively correlated with P3b subcomponent of P300 latency. ALFF in the left cerebellum posterior lobe negatively correlated with PANSS-EXC/ACT. The middle temporal gyrus in NDS or the right insula in DS may show spatiotemporal defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- The Mental Health Center and the Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Wei Lei
- The Mental Health Center and the Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; The Psychiatry Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Wei Deng
- The Mental Health Center and the Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Zhong Zheng
- The Mental Health Center and the Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; The Neurobiological Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Mingli Li
- The Mental Health Center and the Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xiaohong Ma
- The Mental Health Center and the Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- The Mental Health Center and the Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Chaohua Huang
- The Mental Health Center and the Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; The Psychiatry Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Na Li
- The Mental Health Center and the Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - David A Collier
- Discovery Neuroscience Research, Eli Lilly and Company Ltd., Lilly Research Laboratories, Erl Wood Manor, Windlesham, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Qiyong Gong
- MRI Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Tao Li
- The Mental Health Center and the Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
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Rotenberg VS. Sexual Disorders Caused by Antidepressants: Considerations in the Context of Brain Hemisphere Functions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03379566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
All phases of normal sexual activity are under the control of the right hemisphere coupled with limbic structures, and depression is characterized by the functional insufficiency of this system. At the same time, those modern antidepressants that cause sexual disorders are activating the left hemisphere and determine its domination on the expense of the right one and disturb free and spontaneous emotional interrelationships, sexual behavior and pleasure. Those antidepressants that do not cause sexual dysfunction are not activating predominantly the left hemisphere structures and activate the limbic brain zones responsible for reward, reinforcement and emotional excitement.
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Crane NA, Jenkins LM, Bhaumik R, Dion C, Gowins JR, Mickey BJ, Zubieta JK, Langenecker SA. Multidimensional prediction of treatment response to antidepressants with cognitive control and functional MRI. Brain 2017; 140:472-486. [PMID: 28122876 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Predicting treatment response for major depressive disorder can provide a tremendous benefit for our overstretched health care system by reducing number of treatments and time to remission, thereby decreasing morbidity. The present study used neural and performance predictors during a cognitive control task to predict treatment response (% change in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale pre- to post-treatment). Forty-nine individuals diagnosed with major depressive disorder were enrolled with intent to treat in the open-label study; 36 completed treatment, had useable data, and were included in most data analyses. Participants included in the data analysis sample received treatment with escitalopram (n = 22) or duloxetine (n = 14) for 10 weeks. Functional MRI and performance during a Parametric Go/No-go test were used to predict per cent reduction in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores after treatment. Haemodynamic response function-based contrasts and task-related independent components analysis (subset of sample: n = 29) were predictors. Independent components analysis component beta weights and haemodynamic response function modelling activation during Commission errors in the rostral and dorsal anterior cingulate, mid-cingulate, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, and lateral orbital frontal cortex predicted treatment response. In addition, more commission errors on the task predicted better treatment response. Together in a regression model, independent component analysis, haemodynamic response function-modelled, and performance measures predicted treatment response with 90% accuracy (compared to 74% accuracy with clinical features alone), with 84% accuracy in 5-fold, leave-one-out cross-validation. Convergence between performance markers and functional magnetic resonance imaging, including novel independent component analysis techniques, achieved high accuracy in prediction of treatment response for major depressive disorder. The strong link to a task paradigm provided by use of independent component analysis is a potential breakthrough that can inform ways in which prediction models can be integrated for use in clinical and experimental medicine studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natania A Crane
- The University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Psychiatry and the Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Lisanne M Jenkins
- The University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Psychiatry and the Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Runa Bhaumik
- The University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Psychiatry and the Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Catherine Dion
- The University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Psychiatry and the Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jennifer R Gowins
- The University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Psychiatry and the Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Brian J Mickey
- The University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
| | - Jon-Kar Zubieta
- The University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
| | - Scott A Langenecker
- The University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Psychiatry and the Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA .,The University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
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34
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Neuroanatomical assessment of the impact of negative emotion on explicit memory in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Neuroreport 2017; 28:1-9. [DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000000707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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35
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Pringle A, Harmer CJ. The effects of drugs on human models of emotional processing: an account of antidepressant drug treatment. DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2016. [PMID: 26869848 PMCID: PMC4734885 DOI: 10.31887/dcns.2015.17.4/apringle] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Human models of emotional processing suggest that the direct effect of successful antidepressant drug treatment may be to modify biases in the processing of emotional information. Negative biases in emotional processing are documented in depression, and single or short-term dosing with conventional antidepressant drugs reverses these biases in depressed patients prior to any subjective change in mood. Antidepressant drug treatments also modulate emotional processing in healthy volunteers, which allows the consideration of the psychological effects of these drugs without the confound of changes in mood. As such, human models of emotional processing may prove to be useful for testing the efficacy of novel treatments and for matching treatments to individual patients or subgroups of patients.
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36
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Shackman AJ, Tromp DPM, Stockbridge MD, Kaplan CM, Tillman RM, Fox AS. Dispositional negativity: An integrative psychological and neurobiological perspective. Psychol Bull 2016; 142:1275-1314. [PMID: 27732016 PMCID: PMC5118170 DOI: 10.1037/bul0000073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Dispositional negativity-the propensity to experience and express more frequent, intense, or enduring negative affect-is a fundamental dimension of childhood temperament and adult personality. Elevated levels of dispositional negativity can have profound consequences for health, wealth, and happiness, drawing the attention of clinicians, researchers, and policymakers. Here, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of the psychological and neurobiological processes linking stable individual differences in dispositional negativity to momentary emotional states. Self-report data suggest that 3 key pathways-increased stressor reactivity, tonic increases in negative affect, and increased stressor exposure-explain most of the heightened negative affect that characterizes individuals with a more negative disposition. Of these 3 pathways, tonically elevated, indiscriminate negative affect appears to be most central to daily life and most relevant to the development of psychopathology. New behavioral and biological data provide insights into the neural systems underlying these 3 pathways and motivate the hypothesis that seemingly "tonic" increases in negative affect may actually reflect increased reactivity to stressors that are remote, uncertain, or diffuse. Research focused on humans, monkeys, and rodents suggests that this indiscriminate negative affect reflects trait-like variation in the activity and connectivity of several key brain regions, including the central extended amygdala and parts of the prefrontal cortex. Collectively, these observations provide an integrative psychobiological framework for understanding the dynamic cascade of processes that bind emotional traits to emotional states and, ultimately, to emotional disorders and other kinds of adverse outcomes. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Shackman
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
- Maryland Neuroimaging Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Do P. M. Tromp
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Melissa D. Stockbridge
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Claire M. Kaplan
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Rachael M. Tillman
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Andrew S. Fox
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
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37
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Raab K, Kirsch P, Mier D. Understanding the impact of 5-HTTLPR, antidepressants, and acute tryptophan depletion on brain activation during facial emotion processing: A review of the imaging literature. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 71:176-197. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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38
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Laursen HR, Henningsson S, Macoveanu J, Jernigan TL, Siebner HR, Holst KK, Skimminge A, Knudsen GM, Ramsoy TZ, Erritzoe D. Serotonergic neurotransmission in emotional processing: New evidence from long-term recreational poly-drug ecstasy use. J Psychopharmacol 2016; 30:1296-1304. [PMID: 27599522 DOI: 10.1177/0269881116662633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The brain's serotonergic system plays a crucial role in the processing of emotional stimuli, and several studies have shown that a reduced serotonergic neurotransmission is associated with an increase in amygdala activity during emotional face processing. Prolonged recreational use of ecstasy (3,4-methylene-dioxymethamphetamine [MDMA]) induces alterations in serotonergic neurotransmission that are comparable to those observed in a depleted state. In this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we investigated the responsiveness of the amygdala to emotional face stimuli in recreational ecstasy users as a model of long-term serotonin depletion. Fourteen ecstasy users and 12 non-using controls underwent fMRI to measure the regional neural activity elicited in the amygdala by male or female faces expressing anger, disgust, fear, sadness, or no emotion. During fMRI, participants made a sex judgement on each face stimulus. Positron emission tomography with 11C-DASB was additionally performed to assess serotonin transporter (SERT) binding in the brain. In the ecstasy users, SERT binding correlated negatively with amygdala activity, and accumulated lifetime intake of ecstasy tablets was associated with an increase in amygdala activity during angry face processing. Conversely, time since the last ecstasy intake was associated with a trend toward a decrease in amygdala activity during angry and sad face processing. These results indicate that the effects of long-term serotonin depletion resulting from ecstasy use are dose-dependent, affecting the functional neural basis of emotional face processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helle Ruff Laursen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Susanne Henningsson
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark.,Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Julian Macoveanu
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark.,Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Terry L Jernigan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hartwig R Siebner
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark.,Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus K Holst
- Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arnold Skimminge
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Gitte M Knudsen
- Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Z Ramsoy
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark.,Center for Decision Neuroscience, Copenhagen Business School, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Singularity University, Moffett Field, CA, USA.,Neurons, Inc., Holbæk, Denmark
| | - David Erritzoe
- Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen, Denmark .,Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Imperial College London, London, UK
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39
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Rive MM, Redlich R, Schmaal L, Marquand AF, Dannlowski U, Grotegerd D, Veltman DJ, Schene AH, Ruhé HG. Distinguishing medication-free subjects with unipolar disorder from subjects with bipolar disorder: state matters. Bipolar Disord 2016; 18:612-623. [PMID: 27870505 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent studies have indicated that pattern recognition techniques of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data for individual classification may be valuable for distinguishing between major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD). Importantly, medication may have affected previous classification results as subjects with MDD and BD use different classes of medication. Furthermore, almost all studies have investigated only depressed subjects. Therefore, we focused on medication-free subjects. We additionally investigated whether classification would be mood state independent by including depressed and remitted subjects alike. METHODS We applied Gaussian process classifiers to investigate the discriminatory power of structural MRI (gray matter volumes of emotion regulation areas) and resting-state fMRI (resting-state networks implicated in mood disorders: default mode network [DMN], salience network [SN], and lateralized frontoparietal networks [FPNs]) in depressed (n=42) and remitted (n=49) medication-free subjects with MDD and BD. RESULTS Depressed subjects with MDD and BD could be classified based on the gray matter volumes of emotion regulation areas as well as DMN functional connectivity with 69.1% prediction accuracy. Prediction accuracy using the FPNs and SN did not exceed chance level. It was not possible to discriminate between remitted subjects with MDD and BD. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, we showed that medication-free subjects with MDD and BD can be differentiated based on structural MRI as well as resting-state functional connectivity. Importantly, the results indicated that research concerning diagnostic neuroimaging tools distinguishing between MDD and BD should consider mood state as only depressed subjects with MDD and BD could be correctly classified. Future studies, in larger samples are needed to investigate whether the results can be generalized to medication-naïve or first-episode subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Rive
- Program for Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ronny Redlich
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lianne Schmaal
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - André F Marquand
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Dick J Veltman
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Aart H Schene
- Program for Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Henricus G Ruhé
- Program for Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Mood and Anxiety Disorders, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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40
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Sabino ADV, Chagas MHN, Osório FL. Effects of psychotropic drugs used in the treatment of anxiety disorders on the recognition of facial expressions of emotion: Critical analysis of literature. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 71:802-809. [PMID: 27810346 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Deficits in recognition of facial expressions of emotion (RFEE) play a central role in the manifestation of anxiety disorders (AD). We systematically reviewed the literature to determine effects of drugs used in AD treatment on RFEE, based on outcomes of accuracy rate, reaction time, and intensity. Electronic databases, including Pubmed, PsycINFO, and Scielo, were used without time constraints. Twenty-six clinical/experimental studies on healthy subjects, focusing on 11 drugs, published in English, Portuguese, and Spanish, were selected. We found that increased recognition of happiness was associated with acute use of citalopram, fluoxetine, duloxetine, and reboxetine. Increased and decreased recognition of negative emotions were associated with the use of selective serotonin and/or norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, respectively. Benzodiazepine favored recognition of negative emotions. Differences in reaction time were rarely observed. Stimuli with distinct emotion intensities produced similar effects. Specific changes occurred in RFEE depending on the drug, its administration route and dose, and emotion valence. Evidences indicate significant effects on emotional processing relevant to clinical practice, particularly in treating patients with emotional disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alini Daniéli Viana Sabino
- Department of Neurosciences and Behaviour, Medical School of RibeirãoPreto, University of São Paulo, Avenida dos Bandeirantes 3900, CEP 14048-900, Brazil
| | - Marcos Hortes N Chagas
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís (SP-310), Km 235, CEP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Flávia L Osório
- Department of Neurosciences and Behaviour, Medical School of RibeirãoPreto, University of São Paulo, Avenida dos Bandeirantes 3900, CEP 14048-900, Brazil; Technology Institute (INCT, CNPq) for Translational Medicine, Brazil.
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41
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Khalaf A, Karim H, Berkout OV, Andreescu C, Tudorascu D, Reynolds CF, Aizenstein H. Altered Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Markers of Affective Processing During Treatment of Late-Life Depression. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2016; 24:791-801. [PMID: 27364483 PMCID: PMC5026904 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated neural substrate changes in affective processing among late-life depression (LLD) patients undergoing antidepressant treatment and determined if these changes correlated with remission status. METHODS Thirty-three LLD patients were enrolled in a 12-week venlafaxine treatment course. During treatment functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans, paired with an affective task that assessed emotional reactivity and regulation, were performed on days 1, 2, 3, and 7 and at week 12. Following treatment patients were classified as remitters or non-remitters. A voxel-wise two-way repeated-measures ANOVA was performed to assess the fMRI data at a significance level of α = 0.05, corrected. RESULTS The emotional reactivity contrast demonstrated a significant interaction between remission status and scan time in the right middle temporal gyrus (MTG) (F = 24.1, df = 1,112, k = 102). Further analysis showed increased emotional reactivity-induced activity among non-remitters, and decreased activity among remitters, which significantly differed from baseline at day 7 (95% CI: 0.027, 0.540; Cohen's d = -1.35) and week 12 (95% CI: -0.171, -0.052; Cohen's d = 0.68), respectively. No significant interaction was observed with the emotional regulation contrast, but multiple regions had significant main effects of scan time, including the cuneus, occipital lobe, insula, lingual gyrus, posterior cingulate cortex, and MTG. CONCLUSIONS During treatment of LLD patients, affective processing-induced activity in the right MTG shows changes based on remission status. This alteration becomes evident early during the course of treatment, suggesting that antidepressant pharmacotherapy may acutely affect the neural basis of emotional reactivity in a differential manner that is relevant to illness remission.
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42
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Wessa M, Lois G. Brain Functional Effects of Psychopharmacological Treatment in Major Depression: a Focus on Neural Circuitry of Affective Processing. Curr Neuropharmacol 2016; 13:466-79. [PMID: 26412066 PMCID: PMC4790403 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x13666150416224801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last two decades, neuroimaging research has reached a much deeper understanding of the neurobiological underpinnings of major depression (MD) and has converged on functional alterations in limbic and prefrontal neural networks, which are mainly linked to altered emotional processing observed in MD patients. To date, a considerable number of studies have sought to investigate how these neural networks change with pharmacological antidepressant treatment. In the current review, we therefore discuss results from a) pharmacological functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies investigating the effects of selective serotonin or noradrenalin reuptake inhibitors on neural activation patterns in relation to emotional processing in healthy individuals, b) treatment studies in patients with unipolar depression assessing changes in neural activation patterns before and after antidepressant pharmacotherapy, and c) predictive neural biomarkers of clinical response in depression. Comparing results from pharmacological fMRI studies in healthy individuals and treatment studies in depressed patients nicely showed parallel findings, mainly for a reduction of limbic activation in response to negative stimuli. A thorough investigation of the empirical findings highlights the importance of the specific paradigm employed in every study which may account for some of the discrepant findings reported in treatment studies in depressed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michèle Wessa
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, Institute for Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Wallstraße 3, 55122 Mainz, Germany.
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43
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van den Heuvel OA, van Wingen G, Soriano-Mas C, Alonso P, Chamberlain SR, Nakamae T, Denys D, Goudriaan AE, Veltman DJ. Brain circuitry of compulsivity. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 26:810-27. [PMID: 26711687 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Compulsivity is associated with alterations in the structure and the function of parallel and interacting brain circuits involved in emotional processing (involving both the reward and the fear circuits), cognitive control, and motor functioning. These brain circuits develop during the pre-natal period and early childhood under strong genetic and environmental influences. In this review we bring together literature on cognitive, emotional, and behavioral processes in compulsivity, based mainly on studies in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and addiction. Disease symptoms normally change over time. Goal-directed behaviors, in response to reward or anxiety, often become more habitual over time. During the course of compulsive disorders the mental processes and repetitive behaviors themselves contribute to the neuroplastic changes in the involved circuits, mainly in case of chronicity. On the other hand, successful treatment is able to normalize altered circuit functioning or to induce compensatory mechanisms. We conclude that insight in the neurobiological characteristics of the individual symptom profile and disease course, including the potential targets for neuroplasticity is an unmet need to advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odile A van den Heuvel
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; The Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Team, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Guido van Wingen
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carles Soriano-Mas
- OCD Clinical and Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital; Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), and CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigación en Red de Salud Mental), Carlos III Health Institute, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pino Alonso
- OCD Clinical and Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital; Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), and CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigación en Red de Salud Mental), Carlos III Health Institute, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, Bellvitge Campus, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Samuel R Chamberlain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cambridge and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust (CPFT), Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Takashi Nakamae
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Damiaan Denys
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna E Goudriaan
- Academic Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Arkin Mental Health and Jellinek Addiction Treatment, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dick J Veltman
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Opmeer EM, Kortekaas R, van Tol MJ, Renken RJ, Demenescu LR, Woudstra S, Ter Horst GJ, van Buchem MA, van der Wee NJA, Veltman DJ, Aleman A. CHANGES IN REGIONAL BRAIN ACTIVATION RELATED TO DEPRESSIVE STATE: A 2-YEAR LONGITUDINAL FUNCTIONAL MRI STUDY. Depress Anxiety 2016; 33:35-44. [PMID: 26378742 DOI: 10.1002/da.22425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal brain activations during processing of emotional facial expressions in depressed patients have been demonstrated. We investigated the natural course of brain activation in response to emotional faces in depression, indexed by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans preceding and following change in depressive state. We hypothesized a decrease in activation in the amygdala, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and insula with a decrease in depressive pathology. METHODS A 2-year longitudinal fMRI study was conducted as part of the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety. We included 32 healthy controls and 49 depressed patients. During the second scan, 27 patients were in remission (remitters), the other 22 were not (nonremitters). All participants viewed faces with emotional expressions during scanning. RESULTS Rostral ACC activation during processing of happy faces was predictive of a decrease in depressive state (PFWE = .003). In addition, remitters showed decreased activation of the insula over time (PFWE = .016), specifically during happy faces. Nonremitters displayed increased abnormalities in emotion recognition circuitry during the second scan compared to the first. No effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor use was observed. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that rostral ACC activation may predict changes in depressive state even at 2-year outcome. The association between change in depressed state and change in insula activation provides further evidence for the role of the insula in a network maintaining emotional and motivational states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther M Opmeer
- BCN Neuroimaging Center, Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rudie Kortekaas
- BCN Neuroimaging Center, Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marie-José van Tol
- BCN Neuroimaging Center, Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Remco J Renken
- BCN Neuroimaging Center, Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Liliana R Demenescu
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Otto von Guericke University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Saskia Woudstra
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Genomics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, The Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gert J Ter Horst
- BCN Neuroimaging Center, Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mark A van Buchem
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Nic J A van der Wee
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dick J Veltman
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, The Netherlands
| | - André Aleman
- BCN Neuroimaging Center, Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
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45
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Shackman AJ, Stockbridge MD, Tillman RM, Kaplan CM, Tromp DPM, Fox AS, Gamer M. The neurobiology of dispositional negativity and attentional biases to threat: Implications for understanding anxiety disorders in adults and youth. J Exp Psychopathol 2016; 7:311-342. [PMID: 27917284 PMCID: PMC5130287 DOI: 10.5127/jep.054015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
When extreme, anxiety can become debilitating. Anxiety disorders, which often first emerge early in development, are common and challenging to treat, yet the neurocognitive mechanisms that confer increased risk have only recently begun to come into focus. Here we review recent work highlighting the importance of neural circuits centered on the amygdala. We begin by describing dispositional negativity, a core dimension of childhood temperament and adult personality and an important risk factor for the development of anxiety disorders and other kinds of stress-sensitive psychopathology. Converging lines of epidemiological, neurophysiological, and mechanistic evidence indicate that the amygdala supports stable individual differences in dispositional negativity across the lifespan and contributes to the etiology of anxiety disorders in adults and youth. Hyper-vigilance and attentional biases to threat are prominent features of the anxious phenotype and there is growing evidence that they contribute to the development of psychopathology. Anatomical studies show that the amygdala is a hub, poised to govern attention to threat via projections to sensory cortex and ascending neuromodulatory systems. Imaging and lesion studies demonstrate that the amygdala plays a key role in selecting and prioritizing the processing of threat-related cues. Collectively, these observations provide a neurobiologically-grounded framework for understanding the development and maintenance of anxiety disorders in adults and youth and set the stage for developing improved intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Shackman
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
- Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
- Maryland Neuroimaging Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Melissa D. Stockbridge
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Rachael M. Tillman
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Claire M. Kaplan
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Do P. M. Tromp
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53719 USA
- HealthEmotions Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53719 USA
- Lane Neuroimaging Laboratory, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53719 USA
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53719 USA
| | - Andrew S. Fox
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Matthias Gamer
- Department of Psychology, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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46
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Maron E, Wall M, Norbury R, Godlewska B, Terbeck S, Cowen P, Matthews P, Nutt DJ. Effect of short-term escitalopram treatment on neural activation during emotional processing. J Psychopharmacol 2016; 30:33-9. [PMID: 26645207 DOI: 10.1177/0269881115620462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) imaging studies have revealed that subchronic medication with escitalopram leads to significant reduction in both amygdala and medial frontal gyrus reactivity during processing of emotional faces, suggesting that escitalopram may have a distinguishable modulatory effect on neural activation as compared with other serotonin-selective antidepressants. In this fMRI study we aimed to explore whether short-term medication with escitalopram in healthy volunteers is associated with reduced neural response to emotional processing, and whether this effect is predicted by drug plasma concentration. The neural response to fearful and happy faces was measured before and on day 7 of treatment with escitalopram (10mg) in 15 healthy volunteers and compared with those in a control unmedicated group (n=14). Significantly reduced activation to fearful, but not to happy facial expressions was observed in the bilateral amygdala, cingulate and right medial frontal gyrus following escitalopram medication. This effect was not correlated with plasma drug concentration. In accordance with previous data, we showed that escitalopram exerts its rapid direct effect on emotional processing via attenuation of neural activation in pathways involving medial frontal gyrus and amygdala, an effect that seems to be distinguishable from that of other SSRIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Maron
- Research and Development Service, and Department of Psychiatry, North Estonia Medical Centre, Tallinn, Estonia Department of Psychiatry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia Faculty of Medicine, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Matt Wall
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ray Norbury
- University of Roehampton, Whitelands College, London, UK
| | - Beata Godlewska
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Sylvia Terbeck
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Philip Cowen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Matthews
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - David J Nutt
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
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47
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Cremers H, Lee R, Keedy S, Phan KL, Coccaro E. Effects of Escitalopram Administration on Face Processing in Intermittent Explosive Disorder: An fMRI Study. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:590-7. [PMID: 26105140 PMCID: PMC5130134 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The neurobiological underpinnings of intermittent explosive disorder (IED) are traditionally linked to deficiencies in the serotonergic system. In this study, we investigated the effects of escitalopram, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), on brain activation during face processing. We expected that escitalopram would reduce amygdala activity in IED and in addition, we explored the effect in other social-emotional-related brain regions. A total of 17 subjects with current IED and 14 healthy controls participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, counterbalanced fMRI face processing study. The analysis focused on the faces compared to a fixation baseline contrast, and a factorial model with Group as between-subject and Drug as within-subject factor was tested. Group × Drug interaction effects were found in the amygdala (small volume corrected) and the left temporal parietal junction (TPJ; whole-brain corrected). Escitalopram increased amygdala activation in controls, but surprisingly not in IED. However, the TPJ showed increased activity in IED on escitalopram compared with placebo. The TPJ is associated with social-cognitive processes, such as perspective taking and empathy. The TPJ findings suggest that SSRI administration may reduce aggressive tendencies towards other people by enhancing these social-cognitive processes. Future research should further elucidate the long-term effects of SSRIs on various social-emotional tasks in IED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henk Cremers
- Biological Science Division, Department of Psychiatry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of Chicago, MC 3077, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, L-602, Chicago, IL 60637, USA, Tel: +1 773 834 4645, E-mail:
| | - Royce Lee
- Biological Science Division, Department of Psychiatry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sarah Keedy
- Biological Science Division, Department of Psychiatry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - K Luan Phan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Emil Coccaro
- Biological Science Division, Department of Psychiatry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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48
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Mahabir M, Tucholka A, Shin LM, Etienne P, Brunet A. Emotional face processing in post-traumatic stress disorder after reconsolidation impairment using propranolol: A pilot fMRI study. J Anxiety Disord 2015; 36:127-33. [PMID: 26551661 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) exhibit exaggerated emotional reactions to threatening stimuli, which may represent deregulated fear-conditioning, associated with long-term adaptations in the sympathetic nervous system. Within a repeated measures design, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was employed to investigate neural responses to threat in PTSD participants (N=7), during the presentation of emotional facial expressions. Scans were separated by 6 weekly reconsolidation impairment treatment sessions, consisting of traumatic memory reactivation under the influence of propranolol. Greater activation before versus after treatment emerged in the thalamus and amygdala during fearful versus neutral face processing. Furthermore, participants showed greater activation after versus before treatment in the right anterior cingulate, during fearful relative to happy face processing. PTSD symptoms significantly improved (d=1.75), post-treatment. These preliminary results suggest that aberrant emotional responding is modulated by noradrenergic plasticity within the amygdala-prefrontal cortex circuit, a neural substrate for the pharmacological treatment of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Mahabir
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 LaSalle Blvd, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Alan Tucholka
- Department of Radiology, Hôpital Notre-Dame-Centre Hospitalier du l'Université de Montréal, 1560 Sherbrooke St. East, Montreal, QC H2L 4M1, Canada
| | - Lisa M Shin
- Department of Psychology, Tufts University, 490 Boston Avenue, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Pierre Etienne
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 LaSalle Blvd, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Pine Avenue West Montreal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Alain Brunet
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 LaSalle Blvd, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Pine Avenue West Montreal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada.
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49
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Brown GG, Ostrowitzki S, Stein MB, von Kienlin M, Liu TT, Simmons A, Wierenga C, Stein OY, Bruns A, Bischoff-Grethe A, Paulus M. Temporal profile of brain response to alprazolam in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Psychiatry Res 2015. [PMID: 26211623 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the temporal pattern of brain response to emotional stimuli during 28 days of alprazolam treatment among patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) randomized 2:1 to drug or placebo in a double-blind design. Functional magnetic resonance imaging scans obtained during an emotion face matching task (EFMT) and an affective stimulus expectancy task (STIMEX) were performed at baseline, one hour after initial drug administration and 28 days later. Alprazolam significantly reduced scores on the Hamilton Anxiety Scale and the Penn State Worry Questionnaire after one week and 28 days of treatment. Brain activation in the amygdala during the EFMT and in the insula during the STIMEX was reduced one hour after alprazolam administration but returned to baseline levels at Day 28. Exploratory analyses revealed significant treatment differences in brain activity during the STIMEX on Day 28 in frontal lobe, caudate nucleus, middle temporal gyrus, secondary visual cortex, and supramarginal gyrus. These results are consistent with the notion that the neural mechanisms supporting sustained treatment effects of benzodiazepines in GAD differ from those underlying their acute effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory G Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Susanne Ostrowitzki
- Neuroscience, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Murray B Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Markus von Kienlin
- Neuroscience, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas T Liu
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Alan Simmons
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Christina Wierenga
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Orah Y Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Andreas Bruns
- Neuroscience, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Martin Paulus
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
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50
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Frodl T, Szyf M, Carballedo A, Ly V, Dymov S, Vaisheva F, Morris D, Fahey C, Meaney J, Gill M, Booij L. DNA methylation of the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) is associated with brain function involved in processing emotional stimuli. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2015; 40:296-305. [PMID: 25825812 PMCID: PMC4543092 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.140180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of fMRI blood oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) reactivity with the level of epigenetic methylation of SLC6A4 in blood DNA from a sample of healthy participants and patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). METHODS We investigated patients with MDD and healthy controls using fMRI and an emotional attention-shifting task. We assessed site-specific DNA methylation of a previously characterized SLC6A4 region in peripheral blood DNA using pyrosequencing. RESULTS Our study involved 25 patients with MDD and 35 healthy controls. Activation in the anterior insula elicited by negative emotional content was significantly positively associated with the degree of SLC6A4 methylation. Significantly negative associations were observed between activation in the posterior insula and the degree of SLC6A4 methylation when judging the geometry of pictures after seeing negative in contrast to positive emotional stimuli. Healthy controls with a high degree of SLC6A4 methylation depicted significantly more activity elicited by positive stimuli in limbic regions and more activity elicited by negative stimuli in limbic as well as cognitive control regions than those with a low degree of SLC6A4 methylation. LIMITATIONS It is impossible to measure methylation directly in the brain and thus we assessed peripheral methylation of SLC6A4. Since the association was cross-sectional, no conclusion about cause and effect can be drawn. CONCLUSION Our study provides further support to the hypothesis that particular DNA methylation states that are associated with brain function during emotion processing are detectable in the periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Frodl
- Correspondence to: T. Frodl, Department of Psychiatry & Institute of Neuroscience, University Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland;
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