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Muller HB, Scholl G, Far J, De Pauw E, Eppe G. Sliding Windows in Ion Mobility (SWIM): A New Approach to Increase the Resolving Power in Trapped Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry Hyphenated with Chromatography. Anal Chem 2023; 95:17586-17594. [PMID: 37976440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the separation efficiency achieved by linear IMS instruments has increased substantially, with state-of-the-art IM technologies, such as the trapped ion mobility (TIMS), the cyclic traveling wave ion mobility (cTWIMS), and the structure for lossless ion manipulation (SLIM) platforms commonly demonstrating resolving powers in excess of 200. However, for complex sample analysis that require front end separation, the achievement of such high resolving power in TIMS is significantly hampered, since the ion mobility range must be broad enough to analyze all the classes of compounds of interest, whereas the IM analysis time must be short enough to cope with the time scale of the preseparation technique employed. In this paper, we introduce the concept of sliding windows in ion mobility (SWIM) for chromatography hyphenated TIMS applications that bypasses the need to use a wide and fixed IM range by using instead narrow and mobile ion mobility windows that adapt to the analytes' ion mobility during chromatographic separation. GC-TIMS-MS analysis of a mixture of 174 standards from several halogenated persistent organic pollutant (POP) classes, including chlorinated and brominated dioxins, biphenyls, and PBDEs, demonstrated that the average IM resolving power could be increased up to 40% when the SWIM mode was used, thereby greatly increasing the method selectivity for the analysis of complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo B Muller
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Georges Scholl
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Johann Far
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Edwin De Pauw
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Gauthier Eppe
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium
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2
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Ohoro CR, Wepener V. Review of scientific literature on available methods of assessing organochlorine pesticides in the environment. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22142. [PMID: 38045185 PMCID: PMC10692828 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) widely used in agriculture and industry, causing serious health and ecological consequences upon exposure. This review offers a thorough overview of OCPs analysis emphasizing the necessity of ongoing work to enhance the identification and monitoring of these POPs in environmental and human samples. The benefits and drawbacks of the various OCPs analysis techniques including gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), gas chromatography-electron capture detector (GC-ECD), and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) are discussed. Challenges associated with validation and optimization criteria, including accuracy, precision, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantitation (LOQ), must be met for a method to be regarded as accurate and reliable. Suitable quality control measures, such as method blanks and procedural blanks, are emphasized. The LOD and LOQ are critical quality control measure for efficient quantification of these compounds, and researchers have explored various techniques for their calculation. Matrix interference, solubility, volatility, and partition coefficient influence OCPs occurrences and are discussed in this review. Validation experiments, as stated by European Commission in document SANTE/11813/2017, showed that the acceptance criteria for method validation of OCP analytes include ≤20 % for high precision, and 70-120 % for recovery. This may ultimately be vital for determining the human health risk effects of exposure to OCP and for formulating sensible environmental and public health regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinemerem Ruth Ohoro
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Victor Wepener
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
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3
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Megson D, Tiktak GP, Shideler S, Dereviankin M, Harbicht L, Sandau CD. Source apportionment of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) using different receptor models: A case study on sediment from the Portland Harbor Superfund Site (PHSS), Oregon, USA. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 872:162231. [PMID: 36796695 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Multivariate modelling techniques are used by a wide variety of investigations in environmental chemistry. It is surprisingly rare for studies to show a detailed understanding of uncertainties created by modelling or how uncertainties in chemical analysis impact model outputs. It is common to use untrained multivariate models for receptor modelling. These models produce a slightly different output each time they are run. The fact that a single model can provide different results is rarely acknowledged. In this manuscript, we attempt to address this by investigating differences that can be generated using four different receptor models (NMF, ALS, PMF & PVA) to perform source apportionment of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in surface sediments from Portland Harbor. Results showed that models generally had a strong agreement and identified the same main signatures that represented commercial PCB mixtures, however, subtle differences were identified by; different models, same models but with a different number of end members (EM), and the same model with the same number of end members. As well as identifying different Aroclor-like signatures, the relative proportion of these sources also varied. Depending on which method is selected it may have a significant impact on conclusions of a scientific report or litigation case and ultimately, allocation on who is responsible for paying for remediation. Therefore, care must be taken to understand these uncertainties to select a method that produces consistent results with end members that can be chemically explained. We also investigated a novel approach to use our multivariate models to identify inadvertent sources of PCBs. By using a residual plot produced from one of our models (NMF) we were able to suggest the presence of approximately 30 different potentially inadvertently produced PCBs which account for 6.6 % of the total PCBs in Portland Harbor sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Megson
- Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK; Chemistry Matters Inc., Alberta, Canada.
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De Rosa E, Montuori P, Triassi M, Masucci A, Nardone A. Occurrence and Distribution of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) from Sele River, Southern Italy: Analysis of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Organochlorine Pesticides in a Water-Sediment System. TOXICS 2022; 10:662. [PMID: 36355953 PMCID: PMC9697341 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10110662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations, possible sources, and ecological risk of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were studied by analyzing water column (DP), suspended particulate matter (SPM) and sediment samples from 10 sites on the Sele River. Total PCBs concentration ranged from 2.94 to 54.4 ng/L and 5.01 to 79.3 ng/g in the seawater and sediment samples, with OCPs concentration in the range of 0.51 to 8.76 ng/L and 0.50 to 10.2 ng/g, respectively. Pollutants loads in the seaside were measured in approximately 89.7 kg/year (73.2 kg/year of PCBs and 16.5 kg/year of OCPs), indicating that the watercourse could be an important cause of contamination to the Tyrrhenian Sea. Statistical analysis indicates that all polychlorinated biphenyls analytes are more probable to derive from surface runoff than an atmospheric deposition. The results explain that higher concentrations of these pollutants were built in sediment samples rather than in the other two phases, which are evidence of historical loads of PCBs and OCPs contaminants. The Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs), the Ecological Risk Index (ERI) and the Risk Quotient (RQ) show that the Sele river and its estuary would reputedly be a zone possibly at risk.
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5
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Jalili V, Ghanbari Kakavandi M, Ghiasvand A, Barkhordari A. Microextraction techniques for sampling and determination of polychlorinated biphenyls: A comprehensive review. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ashesh A, Singh S, Linthoingambi Devi N, Chandra Yadav I. Organochlorine pesticides in multi-environmental matrices of India: A comprehensive review on characteristics, occurrence, and analytical methods. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Jahnke JC, Martinez A, Hornbuckle KC. Distinguishing Aroclor and non-Aroclor sources to Chicago Air. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 823:153263. [PMID: 35066038 PMCID: PMC9116205 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Many polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners are found in both legacy Aroclor mixtures and modern materials, and both contribute to PCBs levels in ambient air. The various sources of PCBs make it difficult to quantify the relative importance of emissions from remaining legacy materials and emissions of PCBs released from production and use of modern products. To address this challenge, we utilized active and passive sampling, analytical methods optimized for PCBs, and Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) and cos theta to examine the chemical signature of PCBs in Chicago air. Here we report our findings for over 640 samples collected over 7 years and analyzed for all 209 congeners. We conclude that Aroclor sources (1254, 1016/1242, and 1260) are consistent and dominant contributors to Chicago air. However, non-Aroclors sources accounted for 13%-16% of the total PCBs measured. Our analysis indicates non-Aroclor sources explain 99% of PCB11, 90% of PCB 68, and 58-69% of congeners with 8 to 10 chlorines in Chicago air. All of these are known to be emitted from paints or silicone polymers. Additionally, we identified over 20 congeners that have non-Aroclor contributions of more than 50% including PCB 3 (4-monochlorobiphenyl, 83% non-Aroclor) as well as 7 congeners of unknown sources: PCBs 43, 46, 55, 89, 96, 137, and 139 + 140. Non-Aroclor emission sources contribute to the entire range of congeners from mono- to deca-chlorobiphenyls. We found evidence of highly localized non-Aroclor sources including a signature similar to that of green paint. We also found source signals similar to the PCB congeners volatilizing from and absorbing to neighboring Lake Michigan. The measured profiles vary from season to season: lower chlorinated congeners dominate in winter months while higher chlorinated congeners contribute more in summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob C Jahnke
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, IIHR-Hydroscience & Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Andres Martinez
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, IIHR-Hydroscience & Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Keri C Hornbuckle
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, IIHR-Hydroscience & Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.
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8
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Metcalfe CD, Bayen S, Desrosiers M, Muñoz G, Sauvé S, Yargeau V. Methods for the analysis of endocrine disrupting chemicals in selected environmental matrixes. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 206:112616. [PMID: 34953884 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are heterogenous in structure, chemical and physical properties, and their capacity to partition into various environmental matrixes. In many cases, these chemicals can disrupt the endocrine systems of vertebrate and invertebrate organisms when present at very low concentrations. Therefore, sensitive and varied analytical methods are required to detect these compounds in the environment. This review summarizes the analytical methods and instruments that are most used to monitor for EDCs in selected environmental matrixes. Only those matrixes for which there is a clear link between exposures and endocrine effects are included in this review. Also discussed are emerging methods for sample preparation and advanced analytical instruments that provide greater selectivity and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S Bayen
- McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - M Desrosiers
- Ministère du Développement durable, de l'Environnement et de la Lutte Contre les Changements Climatiques du Québec, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - G Muñoz
- Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - S Sauvé
- Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - V Yargeau
- McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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9
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Matsumoto C, Gen M, Matsuki A, Seto T. Development of spray-drying-based surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4511. [PMID: 35296775 PMCID: PMC8927375 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08598-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a spray-drying method to fabricate silver nanoparticle (AgNP) aggregates for application in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). A custom-built system was used to fabricate AgNP aggregates of four sizes, 48, 86, 151, and 218 nm, from drying droplets containing AgNPs atomized from an AgNP suspension. Sample solutions of Rhodamine B (RhB) at 10-6, 10-8, and 10-10 M concentrations were dropped onto the AgNP aggregates as probe molecules to examine the enhancement of the Raman signals of the RhB. The ordering of the analytical enhancement factors (AEFs) by aggregate size at a 10-6 M RhB was 86 nm > 218 nm > 151 nm > 48 nm. When RhB concentrations are below 10-8 M, the 86 and 151 nm AgNP aggregates show clear RhB peaks. The AEFs of the 86 nm AgNP aggregates were the highest in all four aggregates and higher than those of the 218-nm aggregates, although the 218-nm aggregates had more hot spots where Raman enhancement occurred. This finding was attributable to the deformation and damping of the electron cloud in the highly aggregated AgNPs, reducing the sensitivity for Raman enhancement. When RhB was premixed with the AgNP suspension prior to atomization, the AEFs at 10-8 M RhB rose ~ 100-fold compared to those in the earlier experiments (the post-dropping route). This significant enhancement was probably caused by the increased opportunity for the trapping of the probe molecules in the hot spots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chigusa Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Masao Gen
- Faculty of Frontier Engineering, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Matsuki
- Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Takafumi Seto
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
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10
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Assessment of PCBs in Surface Waters at Ultratrace Levels: Traditional Approaches and Biomonitoring (Lake Baikal, Russia). APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12042145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This article presents the results of the assessment of PCB concentrations in surface waters at ultratrace level of concentrations. The assessment of PCB concentrations is based on data from monitoring PCBs in Baikal water within the conventional approach as well as from biomonitoring of PCBs using Baikal omul, Coregonus migratorius, Georgi, 1775 (C. migratorius), as a bioindicator. The time cycle of the monitoring covered the period from 2014 to 2021. The concentrations of PCBs in the water were estimated from the concentrations of seven indicator congeners: 28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, and 180, and from congeners of dioxin-like (dl) PCBs in the tissues of C. migratorius. The average value and the statistically significant range of the detected total concentrations (Ʃ7PCBs) in Baikal water were 0.30 and 0.26–0.34 ng/L, respectively. In the tissues of C. migratorius, the average value and the range of Ʃ7PCB concentrations were 5.6 and 4.9–6.3 ng/g (ww), respectively, and for dl-PCBs, 1.5 and 1.3–1.7 ng/g (ww), respectively. The total toxicity equivalent of the detected dl-PCBs was in the WHO-TEQ (2005) range from 0.03 to 0.06 pg/g (ww). The concentrations of Ʃ7PCBs in Baikal water and dl-PCBs in the tissues of C. migratorius corresponded to the concentration levels in the European alpine lakes and the tissues of S. trutta fish inhabiting these lakes.
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Nzau Matondo B, Delrez N, Bardonnet A, Vanderplasschen A, Joaquim-Justo C, Rives J, Benitez JP, Dierckx A, Séleck E, Rollin X, Ovidio M. A complete check-up of European eel after eight years of restocking in an upland river: Trends in growth, lipid content, sex ratio and health status. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:151020. [PMID: 34662625 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
By combining field research and careful laboratory analysis of samples over the course of an eight-year study, we met the challenge of assessing the life history traits and health status of eels restocked in freshwater ecosystems. We found that restocked eels exhibited good growth performance; moreover, the stocks were female-dominated, showed a good Fulton's condition factor (K) and lipid stores and had high survival probability estimated using the best model of Jolly-Seber stock assessment method for open populations. A necropsy revealed the absence of internal lesions. A swim bladder examination revealed the absence of the parasite Anguillicola crassus. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses revealed an increase of Anguillid herpesvirus-1 (AngHV-1) prevalence throughout the study. Most positive subjects expressed viral loads compatible with a latent infection and correlated positively with K. All restocked eels were contaminated by at least one of the organic pollutant congeners studied, but the pollution loads corresponded to the lowest range of pollutant concentrations reported in the available literature for European eels and did not exceed the maximum residue and contaminant limits in food and feed of several national and international regulations. Pollutant loads were negatively correlated with K, lipid content and eel density for polychlorinated biphenyls PCB 138, 153 and 180 and K for pesticides p.p'-DDE, p.p'-DDD, p.p'-DDT and PBDE47. This study highlights the potential role played by upland aquatic ecosystems in enhancing riverine silver eel production from the perspective of species conservation. To be successful, restocking must be accompanied by improved ecosystem quality and migration routes for eels in inland freshwaters. We also provide some recommendations for future research to improve the management of restocking programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billy Nzau Matondo
- Laboratory of Fish Demography and Hydroecology, Management of Aquatic Resources and Aquaculture Unit, Freshwater and Oceanic science Unit of Research-FOCUS, University of Liège, 22 Quai E. Van Beneden, B-4020 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Natacha Delrez
- Immunology-Vaccinology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Agnès Bardonnet
- Behavioural Ecology and Fish Population Biology-ECOBIOP (French National Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment-INRAE, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France).
| | - Alain Vanderplasschen
- Immunology-Vaccinology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Célia Joaquim-Justo
- Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Ecotoxicology, Freshwater and Oceanic science Unit of Research-FOCUS, University of Liège, Belgium.
| | - Jacques Rives
- Immunology-Vaccinology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Jean-Philippe Benitez
- Laboratory of Fish Demography and Hydroecology, Management of Aquatic Resources and Aquaculture Unit, Freshwater and Oceanic science Unit of Research-FOCUS, University of Liège, 22 Quai E. Van Beneden, B-4020 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Arnaud Dierckx
- Laboratory of Fish Demography and Hydroecology, Management of Aquatic Resources and Aquaculture Unit, Freshwater and Oceanic science Unit of Research-FOCUS, University of Liège, 22 Quai E. Van Beneden, B-4020 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Emilie Séleck
- Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Ecotoxicology, Freshwater and Oceanic science Unit of Research-FOCUS, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Xavier Rollin
- SPWARNE-DNF-Public Service of Wallonia - Agriculture, Natural Ressources & Environnement, Wildlife & Forestry Department, 15 Avenue Prince de Liège, B-5100 Jambes, Belgium.
| | - Michaël Ovidio
- Laboratory of Fish Demography and Hydroecology, Management of Aquatic Resources and Aquaculture Unit, Freshwater and Oceanic science Unit of Research-FOCUS, University of Liège, 22 Quai E. Van Beneden, B-4020 Liège, Belgium.
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Shah ZU, Parveen S. Pesticide residues in Rita rita and Cyprinus carpio from river Ganga, India, and assessment of human health risk. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:1638-1644. [PMID: 34956839 PMCID: PMC8674587 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of pesticide residues in fish due to continuous use in agricultural areas along river Ganga basin. Residues concentrate in the humans through consumption of food from the river. Health impacts like non-carcinogenic (THQ) and carcinogenic (R) risks are never negligible by these residues.
Present study was carried out to determine the concentration and bioaccumulation of pesticide residues in two commonly edible fishes: bagrid fish, Rita rita and common carp, Cyprinus carpio collected from river Ganga at Narora, India. The human health risk via consumption of these fishes was also assessed. The n-hexane extract of the muscle tissues was characterized by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and quantified by electron capture detector for pesticide residues. Bioaccumulation factor (BAF) in bagrid fish for detected pesticides was found to be higher than those in common carp. Estimated daily intake (EDI) values in our study were insignificantly higher than Average daily intake (ADI) values. Target hazard quotient (THQ) via consumption of selected fishes was found to be lower than the set 1.0, inferring non-carcinogenic risk. With regard to contaminants carcinogenic effects the total risk ratio (R) values of each pesticide was found lower than threshold risk limit except of heptachlor which indicates carcinogenic risk. The results justify pesticide pollution in river Ganga at Narora and thus more attention is required in order to help improve the health status of this ecosystem and reduce contamination of fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeshan Umar Shah
- Limnology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Saltanat Parveen
- Limnology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
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13
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Shen B, Wu J, Zhan S, Jin M. Residues of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in waters of the Ili-Balkhash Basin, arid Central Asia: Concentrations and risk assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 273:129705. [PMID: 33524765 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Release and transport of contaminants in watersheds can have adverse effects on aquatic organisms and human health. Little attention, however, has been paid to chemical contamination of aquatic environments in arid regions by persistent organic pollutants. We analyzed the concentrations and distributions of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in waters of the Ili-Balkhash Basin, in arid central Asia. ΣOCP concentrations ranged from 4.02 to 122.80 ng L-1 and ΣPAH concentrations were between 7.58 and 70.98 ng L-1. On a global scale, OCP and PAH concentrations in waters of the Ili-Balkhash system were relatively low, with only a few exceptions, i.e., highest concentrations near cities and relatively high values in some headwater areas. Source identification revealed that the dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) may come from recent use, whereas endosulfans stem from historic applications. Lindane, a common insecticide, may be responsible for hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs). Low-molecular-weight PAHs, primarily originating from wood and coal combustion and petroleum-derived sources, were the primary components of PAHs in waters. Furthermore, the primary sources of PAHs at different sites were identified using a Positive Matrix Factorization model: 1) oil leakage (33.9%), 2) biomass burning (29.5%), 3) coal combustion (22.6%), and 4) petroleum-powered vehicles (14.1%). Agricultural, industrial and domestic activities are all potential pollution sources. Besides, contaminated headwater areas indicate that long-range transport has probably become a non-negligible mechanism for pollutant distribution. Risk assessment showed low to moderate toxicity for aquatic organisms, but no marked carcinogenic or non-carcinogenic risks for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Shen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, China
| | - Jinglu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China.
| | - Shuie Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Miao Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
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14
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Park EY, Kim J, Park E, Oh JK, Kim B, Lim MK. Serum concentrations of persistent organic pollutants and colorectal cancer risk: A case-cohort study within Korean National Cancer Center Community (KNCCC) cohort. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 271:129596. [PMID: 33460900 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Recent prospective cohort studies have suggested that circulating persistent organic pollutants (POPs) may be associated with the development of cancers. We investigated the association between pre-diagnostic serum concentrations of POPs and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. METHODS A case-cohort study within a community-based prospective cohort was performed, including 104 CRC cases and 235 subcohort participants. Serum concentrations of POPs were measured by high resolution gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used. RESULTS The association between serum concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (OCs) and CRC risk was significant (cis-heptachlor epoxide: 3rd tercile [HR (95% CI): 2.76 (1.25-6.07); trans-nonachlor: 2nd tercile [HR (95% CI): 3.90 (1.56-9.75)], 3rd tercile [HR (95% CI): 4.86 (1.95-12.16)]); p,p'-DDD: 2nd tercile [HR (95% CI): 6.02 (2.05-17.70)], 3rd tercile [HR (95% CI): 7.43 (2.42-22.84)]). Certain polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) congeners were significantly associated with CRC risk (PCB-105: 3rd tercile HR [95% CI]: 3.15 [1.38-7.19], PCB-118: 3rd tercile HR [95% CI]: 2.68 [1.22-5.92]; PCB-138: 2nd tercile [HR (95% CI): 2.51 (1.19-5.28)], 3rd tercile [HR (95% CI): 3.27 (1.50-7.12)]; PCB-153: 2nd tercile [HR (95% CI): 3.93 (1.81-8.54)], 3rd tercile [HR (95% CI): 5.02 (2.09-12.07)]; PCB-156: 2nd tercile [HR (95% CI): 2.61 (1.21-5.59)], 3rd tercile [HR (95% CI): 4.07 (1.73-9.61)]; PCB-180: 2nd tercile [HR (95% CI): 2.58 (1.15-5.78)], 3rd tercile [HR (95% CI): 4.01 (1.68-9.59)]).results CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that serum concentrations of POPs could increase the CRC risk in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Park
- Division of Cancer Prevention & Early Detection, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsun Kim
- Division of Cancer Prevention & Early Detection, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjung Park
- Division of Cancer Prevention & Early Detection, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyoung Oh
- Division of Cancer Prevention & Early Detection, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Republic of Korea; Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungmi Kim
- Division of Cancer Prevention & Early Detection, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyung Lim
- Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Terzaghi E, Falakdin P, Fattore E, Di Guardo A. Estimating temporal and spatial levels of PAHs in air using rain samples and SPME analysis: Feasibility evaluation in an urban scenario. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 762:144184. [PMID: 33360473 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in evaluating the role of concentration changes of contaminants in temporal and spatial gradients. This is often relevant for fast moving environmental phases such as air and water. In this paper, small volumes of rainwater were sampled as proxy for air concentrations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs): rain was collected in three sampling sites (high traffic, restricted traffic and a low traffic zone) in Como. Solid phase micro extraction (SPME) was used for the extraction to reduce required sample volumes, allowing the acquisition of more samples in time. Rain samples highlighted a spatial and temporal variability along a traffic gradient in the Como city, especially for the most abundant PAH, e.g. phenanthrene. Air concentrations were then estimated from rain concentrations. The results show that this is a cheap and promising method, although requiring rainfall/snowfall conditions, that can be used to perform monitoring campaign of air concentrations at a higher temporal and spatial resolution than the adopted standard methods (e.g. high-volume air samplers). The results could be employed for evaluation of the exposure, emission profiles and calibration of fate models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Terzaghi
- Department of Science and High Technology (DiSAT), University of Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Parisa Falakdin
- Department of Science and High Technology (DiSAT), University of Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Elena Fattore
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri" IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Guardo
- Department of Science and High Technology (DiSAT), University of Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy.
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16
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Tsutsumi T, Kawashima A, Hamada N, Adachi R, Akiyama H. A novel analytical method for determining total polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations in fish and shellfish using a simple and rapid clean-up followed by GC–MS/MS. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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Rapid and Sensitive Quantification of the Pesticide Lindane by Polymer Modified Electrochemical Sensor. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21020393. [PMID: 33429929 PMCID: PMC7827346 DOI: 10.3390/s21020393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Lindane is documented by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as one of the most toxic registered pesticides. Conventional detection of lindane in the environment requires manual field sampling and complex, time-consuming analytical sample handling relying on skilled labor. In this study, an electrochemical sensing system based on a modified electrode is reported. The system is capable of detecting lindane in aqueous medium in only 20 s. The surface of a conventional carbon electrode is modified with a film of conductive polymer that enables detection of lindane down to 30 nanomolar. The electrode modification procedure is simple and results in a robust sensor that can withstand intensive use. The sensitivity of the sensor is 7.18 µA/µM and the performance was demonstrated in the determination of lindane in spiked ground water. This suggests that the sensor is potentially capable of providing useful readings for decision makers. The rapid and sensitive quantification of lindane in aqueous medium is one step forward to new opportunities for direct, autonomous control of the pesticide level in the environment.
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18
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Dąbrowski Ł. Evaluation of a Simplified Method for GC/MS Qualitative Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, and Organic Pesticides Using PARADISe Computer Program. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25163727. [PMID: 32824143 PMCID: PMC7465948 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
For complex matrices such as environmental samples, there is usually a problem with not fully resolved peaks during GC/MS analysis. The PARADISe computer program (based on the PARFAC2 model) allows the identification of peaks using the deconvoluted mass spectra and the NIST MS library. The number of repetitions required by this software (at least five) is a real limitation for the determination of semi-volatile compounds, like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, and organic pesticides in environmental samples. In this work, the method to overcome this condition was proposed and evaluated. The sets of the five files required by PARADISe were prepared by mathematically modifying the original GC/MS chromatograms obtained for the standard mixture (C = 2 µg/mL of 40 compounds) and real sample extracts (soil samples with different total organic carbon content and one cardboard extract) spiked with standards. Total average match factor for all the substances identified in a standard mixture was 874 (near 900—“excellent match”), and for all the substances in the real samples, it was 786 (near 800—“good match”). The results from PARADISe were comparable to those obtained with other programs: AMDIS (NIST) and MassHunter (Agilent), tested also in this work. PARADISe software can be effectively used for chromatogram deconvolution and substance identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Dąbrowski
- Department of Food Analysis and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, UTP University of Science and Technology, 3 Seminaryjna Street, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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19
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Windsor FM, Pereira MG, Morrissey CA, Tyler CR, Ormerod SJ. Environment and food web structure interact to alter the trophic magnification of persistent chemicals across river ecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 717:137271. [PMID: 32065886 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Legacy organic pollutants persist in freshwater environments, but there is limited understanding of how their trophic transfer and effects vary across riverine ecosystems with different land use, biological communities and food webs. Here, we investigated the trophic magnification of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and a suite of organochlorines (OCs) across nine riverine food webs in contrasting hydrological catchments across South Wales (United Kingdom). Pollutants biomagnified through the food webs in all catchments studied, in some cases reaching levels sufficient for biological effects on invertebrates, fish and river birds such as the Dipper (Cinclus cinclus). Trophic magnification differed across food webs depending on pollutant characteristics (e.g. octanol-water partitioning coefficient) and site-specific environmental conditions (e.g. land use, water chemistry and basal resource composition). The trophic magnification of PBDEs, PCBs and OCs also reflected food-web structure, with greater accumulation in more connected food webs with more generalist taxa. These data highlight interactions between pollutant properties, environmental conditions and biological network structure in the transfer and biomagnification of POPs in river ecosystems. We advocate the need for further investigations of system-specific transfers of contaminants through aquatic food webs as these factors appear to have important implications for risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredric M Windsor
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, South Glamorgan CF10 3AX, UK; Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, UK.
| | - M Glória Pereira
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster, Lancashire LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Christy A Morrissey
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B5, Canada
| | - Charles R Tyler
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Steve J Ormerod
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, South Glamorgan CF10 3AX, UK
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20
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Terzaghi E, Vitale CM, Salina G, Di Guardo A. Plants radically change the mobility of PCBs in soil: Role of different species and soil conditions. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 388:121786. [PMID: 31836368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The mobility of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in soil cultivated with different plant species was evaluated by means of a column experiment to investigate the specific plant influence on PCB environmental fate and the potential for leaching. The soil was collected at a National Relevance Site for remediation located in Northern Italy (SIN Brescia-Caffaro) and underwent a rhizoremediation treatment for 18 months with different plant species (Festuca arundinacea, Cucurbita pepo ssp pepo and Medicago sativa). The same but unplanted soil was also considered as control for comparison. The columns were leached with tap water and PCB concentrations were measured in the leachate after 7 days of soil/water contact. Soil previously cultivated with different plant species exhibited statistically different behavior in terms of chemical leaching among the different fractions. Total PCB bulk concentrations ranged from 24 to 219 ng/L. Leachate samples were enriched in tetra- to hepta-PCBs. While PCB concentrations in the dissolved phases varied within a factor of 2 between controls and treatments, PCB associated to particulate organic carbon (POC) differed by more than one order of magnitude. More specifically, Medicago sativa enriched the soil with POC doubling PCB leaching with respect to the other plant species and the unplanted controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Terzaghi
- Department of Science and High Technology (DiSAT), University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, Como, Italy
| | - Chiara Maria Vitale
- Department of Science and High Technology (DiSAT), University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, Como, Italy
| | - Georgia Salina
- Department of Science and High Technology (DiSAT), University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, Como, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Guardo
- Department of Science and High Technology (DiSAT), University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, Como, Italy.
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21
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Dugheri S, Mucci N, Bonari A, Marrubini G, Cappelli G, Ubiali D, Campagna M, Montalti M, Arcangeli G. Solid phase microextraction techniques used for gas chromatography: a review. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2020. [DOI: 10.1556/1326.2018.00579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, the development and adoption of greener and sustainable microextraction techniques have been proved to be an effective alternative to classical sample preparation procedures. In this review, 10 commercially available solid-phase microextraction systems are presented, with special attention to the appraisal of their analytical, bioanalytical, and environmental engineering. This review provides an overview of the challenges and achievements in the application of fully automated miniaturized sample preparation methods in analytical laboratories. Both theoretical and practical aspects of these environment-friendly preparation approaches are discussed. The application of chemometrics in method development is also discussed. We are convinced that green analytical chemistry will be really useful in the years ahead. The application of cheap, fast, automated, “clever”, and environmentally safe procedures to environmental, clinical, and food analysis will improve significantly the quality of the analytical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Dugheri
- 1 Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology Laboratory, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Nicola Mucci
- 2 Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bonari
- 2 Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Cappelli
- 2 Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniela Ubiali
- 3 Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marcello Campagna
- 4 Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Manfredi Montalti
- 2 Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulio Arcangeli
- 2 Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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22
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Stoll GC, da Silva Carreira R, Massone CG. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in water: method development and application to river samples from a populated tropical urban area. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:2477-2486. [PMID: 32030496 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02468-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A method for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in water from urban rivers was implemented and validated. Extractions of dissolved and particulate PCBs were performed using solid-phase extraction and a pressurized solvent extraction system, respectively, and the analytes were identified and quantified by gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry in selected reaction monitoring mode with no further purification. The method was successfully developed for the determination of 41 PCBs with two precursor-product confirmations for each analyte. Low method detection limits (0.06-0.50 ng L-1) and good precision (≤ 20%; n = 8) were obtained, as well a linear response of the calibration curve ranging from 1.0 to 50 ng L-1. Method performance for real samples was tested with water collected weekly in triplicate during April 2018 from a eutrophic river in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The total (dissolved + particulate) PCB concentrations ranged from 2.17 to 5.29 ng L-1, above the threshold for river water quality standards in Brazil. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Costa Stoll
- Chemistry Department, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 22453-900, Brazil.,Mineral Analysis Laboratory, Companhia de Pesquisa de Recursos Minerais (CPRM), Rio de Janeiro, 22290-240, Brazil
| | - Renato da Silva Carreira
- Chemistry Department, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 22453-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos German Massone
- Chemistry Department, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 22453-900, Brazil.
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23
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Kartalović B, Mastanjević K, Novakov N, Vranešević J, Ljubojević Pelić D, Puljić L, Habschied K. Organochlorine Pesticides and PCBs in Traditionally and Industrially Smoked Pork Meat Products from Bosnia and Herzegovina. Foods 2020; 9:E97. [PMID: 31963424 PMCID: PMC7022388 DOI: 10.3390/foods9010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of 19 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs): (hexachlorocyclohexane (α-HCH, β-HCH, δ-HCH), lindane, aldrin, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, trans-chlordane, cis-chlordane, endosulfane I, endosulfane II, endosulfane sulfate, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), dieldrin, endrin, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD), methoxychlor and endrin ketone and 6 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) (PCB 28, PCB 52, PCB 101, PCB 153, PCB 138 and PCB 180). The samples were taken from pancetta, dry pork neck (budiola), pork tenderloin and sausages produced in Rakitno (Bosnia and Herzegovina), smoked in both a traditional smokehouse and in an industrial chamber. Instrumental analysis was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The reliability of the results, i.e., quality control is ensured by standard laboratory practice, which involves participation in proficiency test, the use of blank samples, reference materials and implementation of recommendations given by the relevant international organizations. The concentrations of α-HCH, lindane, PCB 28, PCB 52 and PCB 153 were detected and quantified. The concentrations of OCPs and PCBs did not significantly vary depending on product type and the conditions of production. All the examined samples were for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brankica Kartalović
- Scientific Veterinary Institute Novi Sad, Rumenački put 20, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (B.K.); (J.V.); (D.L.P.)
| | - Krešimir Mastanjević
- Faculty of Food technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, F. Kuhača 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
| | - Nikolina Novakov
- Faculty of Agriculture Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Jelena Vranešević
- Scientific Veterinary Institute Novi Sad, Rumenački put 20, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (B.K.); (J.V.); (D.L.P.)
| | - Dragana Ljubojević Pelić
- Scientific Veterinary Institute Novi Sad, Rumenački put 20, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (B.K.); (J.V.); (D.L.P.)
| | - Leona Puljić
- The Faculty of Agriculture and Food Technology (APTF) of the University of Mostar, Biskupa Čule bb, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Kristina Habschied
- Faculty of Food technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, F. Kuhača 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
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24
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Megson D, Benoit NB, Sandau CD, Chaudhuri SR, Long T, Coulthard E, Johnson GW. Evaluation of the effectiveness of different indicator PCBs to estimating total PCB concentrations in environmental investigations. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 237:124429. [PMID: 31352098 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are one of the most widely studied group of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). There are 209 different PCBs, however not all 209 can currently be individually quantified in one analytical run. This means that a subset of PCBs congeners are often determined and reported. Some of the most commonly reported subsets are the 7 indicator PCBs (28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153 and 180) and the WHO 12 PCBs (77, 81, 105, 114, 118, 123, 126, 156, 157, 167, 169 and 189). The WHO 12 congeners are co-planar 'dioxin like' PCBs that are effective for establishing health risks. The 7 indicator PCBs were selected as some of the most common PCBs across the compositional range of the most common technical mixtures (such as Aroclors), and are used to give an indication of the total PCB concentrations. These groups of indicator PCBs were established several decades ago. However, in the environment commercial mixtures are subject to weathering and fractionation processes, and additional sources of non-Aroclor PCBs are also becoming more important. In this manuscript we use existing large scale comprehensive congener specific datasets to evaluate the effectiveness of indicator PCBs to predict total concentrations and establish if they are still fit for purpose. The results indicate that while these traditional indicators are a useful tool to estimate total concentrations in humans with background exposure there are many instances where they are not fit for purpose and can lead to significant under predictions in total PCB concentrations in environmental matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Megson
- Manchester Metropolitan University, Ecology and Environment Research Centre, Manchester, UK; Chemistry Matters Inc., Alberta, Canada.
| | - Nadine B Benoit
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment Conservation and Parks, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Courtney D Sandau
- Chemistry Matters Inc., Alberta, Canada; Mount Royal University, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, 4825, Mount Royal Gate SW, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Sri R Chaudhuri
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment Conservation and Parks, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tanya Long
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment Conservation and Parks, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Emma Coulthard
- Manchester Metropolitan University, Ecology and Environment Research Centre, Manchester, UK
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25
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Windsor FM, Pereira MG, Tyler CR, Ormerod SJ. Biological Traits and the Transfer of Persistent Organic Pollutants through River Food Webs. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:13246-13256. [PMID: 31647636 PMCID: PMC7007205 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b05891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater organisms remain at risk from bioaccumulation and biomagnification of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), but factors affecting their transfer through food webs are poorly understood. Here, we investigate transfer pathways of polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and organochlorine through a river food web, assessing the distribution and flux between basal resources (n = 3), macroinvertebrates (n = 22), and fish (n = 1). We investigate the effects of biological traits on the observed patterns and use trait-based models to predict POP bioaccumulation. Transfer pathways differed among POPs and traits such as habitat affinity, feeding behavior, and body size explained some variation in POP burdens between organisms. Trait-based models indicated that relationships between POPs, trophic transfers, and traits were relatively well conserved across a wider array of river food webs. Although providing more consistent predictions of POP bioaccumulation than steady-state models, variability in bioaccumulation across food webs limited the accuracy of trait-model predictions. As some of the first data to illustrate how ecological processes alter the flux of pollutants through river food webs, these results reveal important links between POPs and contrasting energetic pathways. These data also show the utility of trait-based methods in the assessment of persistent contaminants, but further field validations are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredric M. Windsor
- School
of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, South Glamorgan CF10 3AX, U.K.
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, U.K.
| | - M. Glória Pereira
- Centre
for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster, Lancashire LA1 4AP, U.K.
| | | | - Stephen J. Ormerod
- School
of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, South Glamorgan CF10 3AX, U.K.
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26
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Microcosm Experiment to Assess the Capacity of a Poplar Clone to Grow in a PCB-Contaminated Soil. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11112220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Polychlorinated byphenyls (PCBs) are a class of Persistent Organic Pollutants extremely hard to remove from soil. The use of plants to promote the degradation of PCBs, thanks to synergic interactions between roots and the natural soil microorganisms in the rhizosphere, has been proved to constitute an effective and environmentally friendly remediation technique. Preliminary microcosm experiments were conducted in a greenhouse for 12 months to evaluate the capacity of the Monviso hybrid poplar clone, a model plant for phytoremediation, to grow in a low quality and PCB-contaminated soil in order to assess if this clone could be subsequently used in a field experiment. For this purpose, three different soil conditions (Microbiologically Active, Pre-sterilized and Hypoxic soils) were set up in order to assess the capacity of this clone to grow in the polluted soil in these different conditions and support the soil microbial community activity. The growth and physiology (chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence, ascorbate, phenolic compounds and flavonoid contents) of the poplar were determined. Moreover, chemical analyses were performed to assess the concentrations of PCB indicators in soil and plant roots. Finally, the microbial community was evaluated in terms of total abundance and activity under the different experimental conditions. Results showed that the poplar clone was able to grow efficiently in the contaminated soil and to promote microbial transformations of PCBs. Plants grown in the hypoxic condition promoted the formation of a higher number of higher-chlorinated PCBs and accumulated lower PCBs in their roots. However, plants in this condition showed a higher stress level than the other microcosms, producing higher amounts of phenolic, flavonoid and ascorbate contents, as a defence mechanism.
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Mourier B, Labadie P, Desmet M, Grosbois C, Raux J, Debret M, Copard Y, Pardon P, Budzinski H, Babut M. Combined spatial and retrospective analysis of fluoroalkyl chemicals in fluvial sediments reveal changes in levels and patterns over the last 40 years. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 253:1117-1125. [PMID: 31434189 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.07.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bed sediments and a dated sediment core were collected upstream and downstream from the city of Lyon (France) to assess the spatial and temporal trends of contamination by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in this section of the Rhône River. Upstream from Lyon, concentrations of total PFASs (ΣPFASs) in sediments are low (between 0.19 and 2.6 ng g-1 dry weight - dw), being characterized by a high proportion of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). Downstream from Lyon, and also from a fluoropolymer manufacturing plant, ΣPFASs concentrations reach 48.7 ng g-1 dw. A gradual decrease of concentrations is reported at the coring site further downstream (38 km). Based on a dated sediment core, the temporal evolution of PFASs is reconstructed from 1984 to 2013. Prior to 1987, ΣPFASs concentrations were low (≤2 ng g-1 dw), increasing to a maximum of 51 ng g-1 dw in the 1990s and then decreasing from 2002 to the present day (∼10 ng g-1 dw). In terms of the PFAS pattern, the proportion of perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids (PFSAs) has remained stable since the 1980s (∼10%), whereas large variations are reported for carboxylic acids (PFCAs). Long chain- (C > 8) PFCAs characterized by an even number of perfluorinated carbons represent about 74% of the total PFAS load until 2005. However, from 2005 to 2013, the relative contribution of long chain- (C > 8) PFCAs with an odd number of perfluorinated carbons reaches 80%. Such changes in the PFAS pattern likely highlight a major shift in the industrial production process. This spatial and retrospective study provides valuable insights into the long-term contamination patterns of PFAS chemicals in river basins impacted by both urban and industrial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mourier
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENTPE, CNRS, INRA, USC 1369, UMR5023 LEHNA, F-69518, Vaulx-en-Velin, France.
| | - P Labadie
- UMR 5805 EPOC, Université de Bordeaux I, 351 crs de la libération, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - M Desmet
- Université de Tours, EA 6293 GéHCO, Parc de Grandmont, F-37200 Tours, France
| | - C Grosbois
- Université de Tours, EA 6293 GéHCO, Parc de Grandmont, F-37200 Tours, France
| | - J Raux
- Université de Tours, EA 6293 GéHCO, Parc de Grandmont, F-37200 Tours, France
| | - M Debret
- UMR 6143 - M2C, Université de Rouen, Place E. Blondel, Bat. IRESE A, F-76821 Mont St Aignan, France
| | - Y Copard
- UMR 6143 - M2C, Université de Rouen, Place E. Blondel, Bat. IRESE A, F-76821 Mont St Aignan, France
| | - P Pardon
- UMR 5805 EPOC, Université de Bordeaux I, 351 crs de la libération, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - H Budzinski
- UMR 5805 EPOC, Université de Bordeaux I, 351 crs de la libération, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - M Babut
- IRSTEA, RIVERLY Research Unit, Lyon-Villeurbanne Center, 5 avenue de la Doua - CS 20244, F-69625 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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Non-targeted Screening in Environmental Monitoring Programs. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1140:731-741. [PMID: 31347081 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-15950-4_43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Contaminant monitoring programs have been tasked with understanding the fate and transport of toxic chemicals in the environment. Mass spectrometry based methods have traditionally been developed to maximize sensitivity and accuracy of a select set of target compounds. As mass spectrometry methods have advanced, so has the breadth of questions proposed by environmental chemists. Incorporating these methods in chemical monitoring programs provides large data sets to explore the effects of complex mixtures on environmental systems.
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Labadie P, Blasi C, Le Menach K, Geneste E, Babut M, Perceval O, Budzinski H. Evidence for the widespread occurrence of short- and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins in fish collected from the Rhône River basin (France). CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 223:232-239. [PMID: 30784730 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are high-volume chemicals used in numerous industrial applications. Their quantitative analysis is extremely challenging and this work presents the optimization of an analytical method based on gas chromatography hyphenated with electron capture negative ionization time-of-flight high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC-ECNI-TOF HRMS) for the simultaneous determination of short-chain and medium-chain CPs (SCCPs and MCCPs, respectively) in fish tissues (i.e. dorsal muscle). The resolution of the TOF-MS analyzer reduced or eliminated isobaric interferences and the CP response was optimized through Design of Experiment. A simple clean-up procedure based on adsorption chromatography further removed some potentially interfering organochlorines. Good selectivity, linearity and accuracy were achieved; method detection limits or limits of reporting were compatible with expected levels in wild fish (0.03-0.35 ng g-1 wet weight, ww, depending on the congener). This method was proven suitable for the analysis of CPs in tissues of common barbel Barbus, a fish species frequently used for water quality monitoring purposes in Europe. SCCPs and MCCPs were found to be widespread within the Rhône river basin (France). At all locations, MCCP concentrations (1.3-72.7 ng g-1 ww) were higher than those of SCCPs (0.3-10.6 ng g-1 ww) and levels were systematically lower than the proposed Predicted No Effect Concentrations (PNECs). Spatial variations of SCCP composition profiles largely surpassed those of MCCPs, suggesting the influence of local sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Labadie
- CNRS, University of Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33400, Talence, France.
| | - Charlotte Blasi
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33400, Talence, France
| | - Karyn Le Menach
- CNRS, University of Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33400, Talence, France
| | - Emmanuel Geneste
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33400, Talence, France
| | - Marc Babut
- UR RiverLY Irstea, F-69626, Villeurbanne, cedex, France
| | - Olivier Perceval
- French Agency for Biodiversity, 5 square Félix-Nadar, F-94300, Vincennes, France
| | - Hélène Budzinski
- CNRS, University of Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33400, Talence, France
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Lo HS, Wong CY, Tam NFY, Cheung SG. Spatial distribution and source identification of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) on sedimentary microplastic in Hong Kong. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 219:418-426. [PMID: 30551108 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The spatial distribution, composition and source of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) including polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorinated pesticides (OCPs) of the sedimentary microplastics (0.25-5 mm) in Hong Kong were investigated. The concentration of ΣPAHs ranged between 70.8 and 1509 ng g-1 with inter-site differences although the regional difference was insignificant, indicating localised pyrolytic and petrogenic input of PAHs. The concentration of ΣPCBs (13-1083 ng g-1) varied with both study sites and regions with higher concentrations obtained in the western waters, possibly due to the input from Pearl River. Significantly higher concentrations of OCPs on eastern shores highlighted fishing and aquaculture activities in South China Sea a potential major source of OCPs. DDT and its metabolites (DDX, ranged from 1.96 to 626 ng g-1) were the dominant forms of OCPs (45%-80%). Since most of the DDX existed as DDT, this suggested that there was a fresh input of DDT into the microplastics. As microplastics and HOCs cannot be removed effectively from the environment, reduction of potential ecotoxicological risks should rely on minimizing the use of plastics and HOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi-Shing Lo
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Chun-Yuen Wong
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Nora Fung-Yee Tam
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Siu-Gin Cheung
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs): Environmental Fate, Challenges and Bioremediation. MICROORGANISMS FOR SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-7462-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Folarin BT, Oluseyi TO, Oyeyiola AO, Olayinka KO, Alo BI. Distribution of Polychlorinated biphenyls in Environmental samples from an electrical power station in Lagos, Nigeria. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2018.1539544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Babajide I. Alo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
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Adeyinka GC, Moodley B, Birungi G, Ndungu P. Quantitative analyses of selected polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners in water, soil, and sediment during winter and spring seasons from Msunduzi River, South Africa. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2018; 190:621. [PMID: 30269295 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6993-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The lack of information and the need for knowledge on the organic pollutants within the area of KwaZulu-Natal together with the global problem of water supply have prompted our investigation into the analyses of eight polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners in the Msunduzi River of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Soil, sediment, and water samples were collected at ten different sites along the river during winter and spring seasons. Soil and sediment samples were extracted using ultra sonication with dichloromethane while water samples were liquid-liquid extracted using dichloromethane. All sample extracts were cleaned-up using a multi-layer silica gel column and analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Quality assurance measures were also determined. The percentage recoveries for water were 53-128 for all the PCBs analyzed, while sediment recoveries ranged between 69 and 105%. The highest total concentrations of the PCBs in sediment were 214.21-610.45 ng/g dw at the Du Toit sampling site and 30.86-444.43 ng/g dw basis at the wastewater treatment inlet for winter and spring, respectively. Soil PCB concentrations were 76.53-397.75 ng/g dw at the Msunduzi Town sampling site and 20.84-443.49 ng/g (dry weight) at the Du Toit sampling site for winter and spring, respectively. In addition, high PCB concentrations were found in effluent of the wastewater treatment inlet compared to other sampling sites, which ranged between 0.68-22.37 and 2.53-35.69 ng/mL for winter and spring seasons, respectively. In all the sampling sites selected for this study, Du Toit afforded the highest PCB concentration levels and the lowest was after chlorination at the Darvill wastewater treatment plant. The results presented are new and it is the first study of organic pollutants such as PCBs that has been carried out on this river.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gbadebo Clement Adeyinka
- School of Chemistry and Physics, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Westville, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Brenda Moodley
- School of Chemistry and Physics, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Westville, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
| | - Grace Birungi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Patrick Ndungu
- School of Chemistry and Physics, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Westville, Durban, 4000, South Africa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Doornfontein Campus, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa
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Cuevas N, Martins M, Costa PM. Risk assessment of pesticides in estuaries: a review addressing the persistence of an old problem in complex environments. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2018; 27:1008-1018. [PMID: 29450674 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-018-1910-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Estuaries, coastal lagoons and other transition ecosystems tend to become the ultimate reservoirs of pollutants transported by continental runoff, among which pesticides constitute the class of most concern. High amounts of dissolved and particulated organic matter greatly contribute to the accumulation of pesticides that eventually become trapped in sediments or find their way along food chains. Perhaps not so surprisingly, it is common to find elevated levels of pesticides in estuarine sediments decades after their embargo. Still, it remains challenging to address ecotoxicity in circumstances that invariably imply mixtures of contaminants and multiple factors affecting bioavailability. Despite advances in methods for detecting pesticides in waters, sediments and organisms, chemical data alone are insufficient to predict risk. Many researchers have been opting for ex situ bioassays that mimic the concentrations of pesticides in estuarine waters and sediments using a range of ecologically relevant model organisms, with emphasis on fish, molluscs and crustaceans. These experimental procedures unravelled novel risk factors and important insights on toxicological mechanisms, albeit with some prejudice of ecological relevance. On the other hand, in situ bioassays, translocation experiments and passive biomonitoring strive to spot causality through an intricate mesh of confounding factors and cocktails of pollutants. Seemingly, the most informative works are integrative approaches that combine different assessment strategies, multiple endpoints and advanced computational and geographical models to determine risk. State-of-art System Biology approaches combining high-content screening approaches involving "omics" and bioinformatics, can assist discovering and predicting novel Adverse Outcome Pathways that better reflect the cumulative risk of persisting and emerging pesticides among the wide range of stressors that affect estuaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagore Cuevas
- UCIBIO - Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Marta Martins
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Pedro M Costa
- UCIBIO - Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal.
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Munoz G, Fechner LC, Geneste E, Pardon P, Budzinski H, Labadie P. Spatio-temporal dynamics of per and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and transfer to periphytic biofilm in an urban river: case-study on the River Seine. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:23574-23582. [PMID: 27834049 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8051-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This study addresses the spatio-temporal dynamics of per and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in a highly urbanized freshwater hydrosystem, the Seine River (NW France). The distribution of PFASs between water, sediment, and periphytic biofilm was investigated at three sampling sites along a longitudinal gradient upstream and downstream from the Paris urban area. Seasonal variability was assessed through four sampling campaigns performed under contrasting hydrological conditions. In the dissolved phase, ∑PFASs fluctuated between 2 and 9 ng L-1 upstream and 6-105 ng L-1 downstream from Paris. Negative correlations between dissolved PFAS levels and river flow rate were generally observed, corroborating the predominance of point-source PFAS inputs at these sites. 18/19 target PFASs were detected, with a predominance of PFHxS and PFOS (20% of ∑PFASs each), except for the farthest downstream site where 6:2 FTSA was prevalent (35 ± 8% of ∑PFASs), likely reflecting industrial and urban inputs. In biofilms, ∑PFASs fell in the 4-32 ng g-1 dw range, and substantial bioconcentration factors (BCFs) were reported for PFNA, PFDA, and PFOS (log BCF 2.1-4.3), higher than those of PFHxS or PFOA. BCFs varied inversely with dissolved PFAS levels, potentially pointing to concentration-dependent bioaccumulation. Biofilm community characteristics (C/N ratio) may also be an influential determinant of PFAS bioaccumulation. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Munoz
- University of Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, LPTC Research Group, 351 Cours de la Libération, F-33400, Talence, France
| | - Lise C Fechner
- Irstea Antony, Unité de Recherche Hydrosystèmes et Bioprocédés (HBAN), 1 Rue Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, CS 10030, F-92761, Antony Cedex, France
- AgroParisTech, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Geneste
- University of Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, LPTC Research Group, 351 Cours de la Libération, F-33400, Talence, France
| | - Patrick Pardon
- University of Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, LPTC Research Group, 351 Cours de la Libération, F-33400, Talence, France
| | - Hélène Budzinski
- CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, LPTC Research Group, 351 Cours de la Libération, F-33400, Talence, France
| | - Pierre Labadie
- CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, LPTC Research Group, 351 Cours de la Libération, F-33400, Talence, France.
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Magi E, Di Carro M. Marine environment pollution: The contribution of mass spectrometry to the study of seawater. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2018; 37:492-512. [PMID: 27611504 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The study of marine pollution has been traditionally addressed to persistent chemicals, generally known as priority pollutants; a current trend in environmental analysis is a shift toward "emerging pollutants," defined as newly identified or previously unrecognized contaminants. The present review is focused on the peculiar contribution of mass spectrometry (MS) to the study of pollutants in the seawater compartment. The work is organized in five paragraphs where the most relevant groups of pollutants, both "classical" and "emerging," are presented and discussed, highlighting the relative data obtained by the means of different MS techniques. The hyphenation of MS and separative techniques, together with the development of different ion sources, makes MS and tandem MS the analytical tool of choice for the determination of trace organic contaminants in seawater. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 37:492-512, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Magi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marina Di Carro
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146, Genoa, Italy
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Zhou S, Pan Y, Zhang L, Xue B, Zhang A, Jin M. Biomagnification and enantiomeric profiles of organochlorine pesticides in food web components from Zhoushan Fishing Ground, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 131:602-610. [PMID: 29886987 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Trophodynamics and chiral signatures of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), including dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), and chlordanes in a food web from Zhoushan Fishing Ground, China, were studied. Residues of OCPs in all teleost fishes were within food safety levels. Strong positive correlations were found between trophic levels (TLs) and wet weight concentrations of target chemicals, with trophic magnification factors (TMFs) from 4.17 to 9.77. Lipid contents and TLs significantly correlated, which indirectly affect the bioaccumulation processes of OCPs. The consistently racemic EF values of α-HCH, as well as invariability of the relative proportions of HCH isomers in different marine species implied that HCHs in animals originate directly from the surrounding environment. However, in vivo biotransformation and/or elimination of o,p'-DDT cannot be precluded. TMFs of the individual enantiomers further suggest that the influence of achiral biotransformation is too minor to induce enantioselective biomagnification of chiral OCPs through the studied food web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhou
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Yongqiang Pan
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Bin Xue
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, The Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Anping Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Meiqing Jin
- College of Materials Science and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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Muñoz CC, Vermeiren P. Profiles of environmental contaminants in hawksbill turtle egg yolks reflect local to distant pollution sources among nesting beaches in the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 135:43-54. [PMID: 29395262 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of spatial variation in pollutant profiles among sea turtle nesting locations is limited. This poses challenges in identifying processes shaping this variability and sets constraints to the conservation management of sea turtles and their use as biomonitoring tools for environmental pollutants. We aimed to increase understanding of the spatial variation in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), organochlorine pesticide (OCP) and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) compounds among nesting beaches. We link the spatial variation to turtle migration patterns and the persistence of these pollutants. Specifically, using gas chromatography, we confirmed maternal transfer of a large number of compounds (n = 68 out of 69) among 104 eggs collected from 21 nests across three nesting beaches within the Yucatán Peninsula, one of the world's most important rookeries for hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata). High variation in PAH profiles was observed among beaches, using multivariate correspondence analysis and univariate Peto-Prentice tests, reflecting local acquisition during recent migration movements. Diagnostic PAH ratios reflected petrogenic origins in Celestún, the beach closest to petroleum industries in the Gulf of Mexico. By contrast, pollution profiles of OCPs and PCBs showed high similarity among beaches, reflecting the long-term accumulation of these pollutants at regional scales. Therefore, spatial planning of protected areas and the use of turtle eggs in biomonitoring needs to account for the spatial variation in pollution profiles among nesting beaches.
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Lim JE, Lee S, Lee S, Jee SH. Serum persistent organic pollutants levels and stroke risk. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 233:855-861. [PMID: 29248762 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of environmental risk factors for stroke and their role are limited. We performed a case-cohort study to evaluate the association between serum persistent organic pollutants (POPs) level and stroke risk. 526 subcohort members and 111 stroke incidence cases were identified from the Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II. Serum levels of POPs were measured using gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry. The hazard ratios (HRs) for stroke (ischemic, hemorrhagic, and all stroke types) were estimated using the weighted Cox regression model. Age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, physical activity, family history of cardiovascular disease, and hypertension were adjusted in the weighted Cox regression model. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, increased risk for stroke was observed among participants with serum concentration of p,p'-DDE in the highest tertile compared to those in the lowest tertile (HR = 4.10, 95% CI: 1.58, 10.59). A similar association was estimated for PCB118 (HR = 2.33, 95% CI: 1.04, 5.22), PCB156 (HR = 3.42, 95% CI: 1.42, 8.23), and PCB138 (HR = 3.80, 95% CI: 1.48, 9.76). For TEQ, stroke was three times as likely to occur among subjects with TEQ in the highest tertile compared to those in the lowest tertile (HR = 3.12, 95% CI: 1.27, 7.65). PCBs were positively associated with ischemic stroke, but not with hemorrhagic stroke. Elevated serum POPs levels were associated with an increased risk of stroke, especially ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Eun Lim
- Institute for Health Promotion & Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea; College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, South Korea
| | - Sunju Lee
- Institute for Health Promotion & Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Public Health, Graduate School Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sunmi Lee
- Health Insurance Policy Research Institute, National Health Insurance Service, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Sun Ha Jee
- Institute for Health Promotion & Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Isolation, Enrichment and Metagenomic Characterization of Simultaneous DDT and Lindane Degrading Microbial Consortium. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.11.4.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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41
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Babut M, Labadie P, Simonnet-Laprade C, Munoz G, Roger MC, Ferrari BJD, Budzinski H, Sivade E. Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl compounds in freshwater fish from the Rhône River: Influence of fish size, diet, prey contamination and biotransformation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 605-606:38-47. [PMID: 28654807 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pools of aquatic plants and benthic invertebrates were collected along with 47 individuals from three cyprinid fish species (Barbus barbus, Gobio gobio, Rutilus rutilus) at a site in the Rhône River (France). Carbon and nitrogen isotopic ratios (δ13C and δ15N) and a wide range of per- and poly-fluorinated chemicals (PFASs) were analysed in all samples. The sum of PFAS concentrations (ΣPFAS) increased from aquatic plants to fish dorsal muscles; molecular profiles were dominated by C9-C13 perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs), while perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctane sulfonamide (FOSA) were detected in all samples at lower concentrations. ΣPFAS and especially ΣPFCAs were higher in barbels (B. barbus) than in other species, while roaches (R. rutilus) were less contaminated by PFOS than barbels and gudgeons (G. gobio). Gudgeons accumulated significantly higher FOSA concentrations. Young (small) barbels displayed significantly higher PFOS, perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) concentrations than did large specimens; conversely, perfluorotetradecanoic acid (PFTeDA) concentrations were significantly higher in large barbels. Multiple linear regressions were performed on the whole set of fish samples with size, mass and isotopic ratios as explicative variables, and several single compounds as explained variables. Regardless of the compound, the regressions did not explain much of the contamination variability. However, adding species as a qualitative variable, i.e. performing analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs) improved the fit greatly, while adding sex did not. Diet (i.e. δ13C and δ15N) was the main factor explaining interspecific differences. Biotransformation was assessed by comparing concentration ratios of PFOS or FOSA to their precursors in the food-web compartments. These ratios increased from invertebrates to fish, and differed among fish species, suggesting that biotransformation occurred but was species-specific. Biomagnification factor calculations showed that C11-C13 PFCAs, PFOS and FOSA were apparently biomagnified in barbels and gudgeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Babut
- Irstea, UR MALY, Centre de Lyon-Villeurbanne, 5 rue de la Doua, BP 32108, 69616 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
| | - Pierre Labadie
- Université de Bordeaux, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), UMR 5805 CNRS, Laboratoire de Physico- et Toxico-Chimie de l'environnement (LPTC), 351 cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France; CNRS, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), UMR 5805 CNRS, Laboratoire de Physico- et Toxico-Chimie de l'environnement (LPTC), 351 cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Caroline Simonnet-Laprade
- Université de Bordeaux, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), UMR 5805 CNRS, Laboratoire de Physico- et Toxico-Chimie de l'environnement (LPTC), 351 cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Gabriel Munoz
- Université de Bordeaux, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), UMR 5805 CNRS, Laboratoire de Physico- et Toxico-Chimie de l'environnement (LPTC), 351 cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Marie-Claude Roger
- Irstea, UR MALY, Centre de Lyon-Villeurbanne, 5 rue de la Doua, BP 32108, 69616 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Benoit J D Ferrari
- Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology, Eawag/EPFL, EPFL ENAC IIE-GE, Station 2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hélène Budzinski
- Université de Bordeaux, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), UMR 5805 CNRS, Laboratoire de Physico- et Toxico-Chimie de l'environnement (LPTC), 351 cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France; CNRS, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), UMR 5805 CNRS, Laboratoire de Physico- et Toxico-Chimie de l'environnement (LPTC), 351 cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Eve Sivade
- Rhone-Mediterranean and Corsica Water Agency, 2-4 allée de Lodz, 69363 Lyon, France
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Domínguez I, Arrebola F, Romero-González R, Nieto-García A, Martínez Vidal J, Garrido Frenich A. Solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography coupled to magnetic sector high resolution mass spectrometry for the ultra-trace determination of contaminants in surface water. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1518:15-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Munoz G, Labadie P, Geneste E, Pardon P, Tartu S, Chastel O, Budzinski H. Biomonitoring of fluoroalkylated substances in Antarctica seabird plasma: Development and validation of a fast and rugged method using on-line concentration liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1513:107-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Lim JE, Nam C, Yang J, Rha KH, Lim KM, Jee SH. Serum persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and prostate cancer risk: A case-cohort study. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2017; 220:849-856. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ramanujam N, Sivaselvakumar M, Ramalingam S. Fast and parallel determination of PCB 77 and PCB 180 in plasma using ultra performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection: A pharmacokinetic study in Swiss albino mouse. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 31. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Ramanujam
- Department of Pharmacology; PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research; Coimbatore Tamilnadu India
| | - M. Sivaselvakumar
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics; PSG Institute of Medical Sciences; Coimbatore Tamilnadu India
| | - S. Ramalingam
- Department of Pharmacology; PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research; Coimbatore Tamilnadu India
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Omar WA, Mahmoud HM. Risk assessment of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and trace metals in River Nile up- and downstream of a densely populated area. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2017; 39:125-137. [PMID: 26979054 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-016-9814-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cairo city is the largest populated area along the whole course of River Nile with a wide range of anthropogenic activities. Efforts to restore fish habitat and recreational use of the river have raised concerns about its water, sediment and biota quality. This study provides a baseline data on the levels of PCBs and trace metals in River Nile along Cairo sector and implements the formulation of monitoring activities of the river's pollution status. Water, sediment and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) samples were collected during summer season, 2013 from two sites, up- and downstream, for detection and determination of 11 PCB congeners (PCBs 28, 44, 52, 70, 101, 105, 118, 138, 152, 180 and 192) as well as six trace metals (Cu, Zn, Mn, Cd, Pb and Fe). Evidences of long- or short-term exposures to these contaminants as well as its accumulation tendency were assessed by integrating the obtained analytical results of biotic and abiotic components of this aquatic ecosystem. All calculated lifetime cancer risk values for PCBs showed unacceptable risk of cancer for human consumers at both normal and subsistence fish consumption rates. The calculated hazard index for total PCBs indicates that fish are not safe for human consumption except in site 1 at normal consumption rate. Meanwhile, trace metals do not pose unacceptable risks at both consumption rates except for Pb in site 1 at subsistence consumption rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael A Omar
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hamada M Mahmoud
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
- Environmental Sciences and Industrial Development Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
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Silverio OV, So RC, Elnar KJS, Malapit CA, Nepomuceno MCM. Development of dieldrin, endosulfan, and hexachlorobenzene-imprinted polymers for dye-displacement array sensing. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ofelia V. Silverio
- Department of Chemistry; Ateneo de Manila University, School of Science and Engineering; Loyola Heights Quezon City 1108 Philippines
- Bulacan Agricultural State College, Pinaod; San Ildefonso, Bulacan 3010 Philippines
| | - Regina C. So
- Department of Chemistry; Ateneo de Manila University, School of Science and Engineering; Loyola Heights Quezon City 1108 Philippines
| | - Katrina Jean S. Elnar
- Department of Chemistry; Ateneo de Manila University, School of Science and Engineering; Loyola Heights Quezon City 1108 Philippines
| | - Christian A. Malapit
- Department of Chemistry; Ateneo de Manila University, School of Science and Engineering; Loyola Heights Quezon City 1108 Philippines
| | - Ma. Cristine M. Nepomuceno
- Department of Chemistry; Ateneo de Manila University, School of Science and Engineering; Loyola Heights Quezon City 1108 Philippines
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Schröder CHK, Pinhel MFM, Mendonça AO. The Brazilian strategy for monitoring persistent organic pollutants in food obtained from animals. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 573:1370-1379. [PMID: 27436779 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The implementation of quality control procedures in analytical laboratories around the world has become essential in order to ensure the quality and safety of food. This article describes the procedure adopted by the Brazilian government in order to achieve this goal, specifically in the area of analysis of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The validation of a multiresidue method, the calculation of measurement uncertainty, and the quality control procedure adopted in the determination of these compounds in beef cattle fat were performed as set out in national legislation (Brasil, 2011), which is aligned with international guidelines. Evaluation was made of selectivity, linearity, precision (repeatability and reproducibility), accuracy, and limits of detection and quantification. Stability studies were also undertaken. The technique was extended to three other matrices (poultry, horse, and pig adipose tissues), with evaluation of matrix effects, selectivity, linearity, and accuracy. The analyses were performed by gas chromatography with electron capture detection (GC-ECD) and mass spectrometric detection (GC-MS). In recent years, analyses conducted under the National Plan for Control of Residues and Contaminants (PNCRC) have shown no exceedances of the maximum permitted residue levels (MRLs) of pesticides and PCBs in these tissues, as observed in other countries that carry out effective monitoring of these contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia H K Schröder
- National Agricultural and Livestock Laboratory (Lanagro-SP), Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply (MAPA), 13100-105 Campinas, SP, Brazil; Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Maria F M Pinhel
- National Agricultural and Livestock Laboratory (Lanagro-SP), Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply (MAPA), 13100-105 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - André O Mendonça
- National Agricultural and Livestock Laboratory (Lanagro-SP), Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply (MAPA), 13100-105 Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Megson D, Reiner EJ, Jobst KJ, Dorman FL, Robson M, Focant JF. A review of the determination of persistent organic pollutants for environmental forensics investigations. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 941:10-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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50
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A two stage algorithm for target and suspect analysis of produced water via gas chromatography coupled with high resolution time of flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1463:153-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.07.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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