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Peer F, Kuehnelt D. High levels of the health-relevant antioxidant selenoneine identified in the edible mushroom Boletus edulis. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2024; 86:127536. [PMID: 39321647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2024] [Revised: 09/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selenoneine, the selenium analogue of the sulfur antioxidant ergothioneine, has been ascribed a multitude of beneficial health effects. Natural nutritional sources for this selenium species are, hence, of high interest. So far marine fish is the only significant selenoneine source consumed by larger parts of the population worldwide. METHODS As selenoneine and ergothioneine share their biosynthetic pathways and transport mechanisms and the popular edible porcini mushroom Boletus edulis is rich in ergothioneine and selenium, we conducted a preliminary study investigating a composite sample of two specimens of B. edulis for their selenoneine content by HPLC coupled to elemental and molecular mass spectrometry after aqueous extraction. RESULTS Selenium speciation analysis by HPLC-ICPMS revealed that ca. 860 µg Se kg-1 wet mass (81 % of the total Se) co-eluted with a selenoneine standard and a minor selenium species with Se-methylselenoneine. The presence of selenoneine was rigorously proven by HPLC-ESI-Orbitrap MS. The selenoneine content of the investigated specimens of B. edulis was higher than that of commonly consumed muscle of marine fish species, like tuna or mackerel. CONCLUSION This is the first report of a terrestrial food source containing significant selenoneine levels. Our results suggest that B. edulis might represent a complementary natural supply with this health-relevant selenium species for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Peer
- Institute of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 1, Graz 8010, Austria.
| | - Doris Kuehnelt
- Institute of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 1, Graz 8010, Austria.
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Pyrzynska K, Sentkowska A. Selenium Species in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:2993-3004. [PMID: 37880477 PMCID: PMC11074226 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03900-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Selenium is an important trace element for humans and animals as it plays a key role in several major metabolic pathways. Several studies were conducted to better understand the role of selenium against diabetes mellitus (DM), particularly type 2 (T2DM), but the obtained conclusions are contradictory. A simple linear relationship does not exist between the risk of T2DM and selenium levels but is best represented in a dose-dependent manner, getting often the U-graph. This relation also depends on selenium chemical forms that are present in a diet or supplements. Both too low and too high selenium intakes could increase the risk of diabetes. Moreover, the baseline status of Se should be taken into consideration to avoid over-supplementation. The focus of this brief overview is to report the recent updates concerning selenium participation in diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystyna Pyrzynska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteur Str. 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
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Zhu D, Zhong Q, Lin T, Song T. Higher serum selenium concentration is associated with lower risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among individuals with chronic kidney disease: A population-based cohort study of NHANES. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1127188. [PMID: 37063340 PMCID: PMC10102510 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1127188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundSelenium is an essential nutrient and trace element required for human health and plays an important role in antioxidative and anti-inflammatory processes. However, the long-term impact of selenium levels on the health of patients with chronic kidney disease remains unclear.MethodParticipants in this study were 3,063 CKD adults from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 1999–2000, 2003–2004, and 2011–2018). The mortality status and the cause of death of the study participants were obtained from the National Death Index records. For all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, the models employed to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CI were Cox proportional hazard models and competing risk models, respectively.ResultDuring the follow-up period, 884 deaths occurred, including 336 heart-disease-associated deaths. The median (IQR) concentration of serum selenium was 181.7 (156.1, 201.5) μg/L. After full adjustment, serum selenium levels were associated with a decreased risk of mortality in patients with CKD, including all-cause and CVD mortality (P < 0.001). The multivariate-adjusted HRs (95%CI) were 0.684 (0.549–0.852) for all-cause mortality (Ptrend < 0.001) and 0.513 (0.356–0.739) for CVD mortality (Ptrend < 0.001) when selenium concentrations were compared according to the extreme quartiles. Selenium levels are inversely associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality and CVD mortality. Similar results were observed in subgroup and sensitivity analyses.ConclusionHigher serum selenium concentration was independently associated with a decreased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiwen Zhu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Organ Transplantation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiang Zhong
- Organ Transplantation Center, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Tao Lin
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Organ Transplantation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Tao Lin
| | - Turun Song
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Organ Transplantation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Turun Song
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Liu G, Li J, Pang B, Li Y, Xu F, Liao N, Shao D, Jiang C, Shi J. Potential role of selenium in alleviating obesity-related iron dyshomeostasis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:10032-10046. [PMID: 35574661 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2074961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a serious health problem in modern life and increases the risk of many comorbidities including iron dyshomeostasis. In contrast to malnourished anemia, obesity-related iron dyshomeostasis is mainly caused by excessive fat accumulation, inflammation, and disordered gut microbiota. In obesity, iron dyshomeostasis also induces disorders associated with gut microbiota, neurodegenerative injury, oxidative damage, and fat accumulation in the liver. Selenium deficiency is often accompanied by obesity or iron deficiency, and selenium supplementation has been shown to alleviate obesity and overcome iron deficiency. Selenium inhibits fat accumulation and exhibits anti-inflammatory activity. It regulates gut microbiota, prevents neurodegenerative injury, alleviates oxidative damage to the body, and ameliorates hepatic fat accumulation. These effects theoretically meet the requirements for the inhibition of factors underlying obesity-related iron dyshomeostasis. Selenium supplementation may have a potential role in the alleviation of obesity-related iron dyshomeostasis. This review verifies this hypothesis in theory. All the currently reported causes and results of obesity-related iron dyshomeostasis are reviewed comprehensively, together with the effects of selenium. The challenges and strategies of selenium supplementation are also discussed. The findings demonstrate the possibility of selenium-containing drugs or functional foods in alleviating obesity-related iron dyshomeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanwen Liu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junjun Li
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Pang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yinghui Li
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fengqin Xu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ning Liao
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dongyan Shao
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chunmei Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junling Shi
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Hou W, Xu H. Incorporating Selenium into Heterocycles and Natural Products─From Chemical Properties to Pharmacological Activities. J Med Chem 2022; 65:4436-4456. [PMID: 35244394 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se)-containing compounds have emerged as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of a range of diseases. Through tremendous effort, considerable knowledge has been acquired to understand the complex chemical properties and biological activities of selenium, especially after its incorporation into bioactive molecules. From this perspective, we compiled extensive literature evidence to summarize and critically discuss the relationship between the pharmacological activities and chemical properties of selenium compounds and the strategic incorporation of selenium into organic molecules, especially bioactive heterocycles and natural products. We also provide perspectives regarding the challenges in selenium-based medicinal chemistry and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hou
- College of Pharmaceutical Science and Institute of Drug Development and Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Hongtao Xu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
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Wang Z, Huang W, Pang F. Selenium in Soil-Plant-Microbe: A Review. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 108:167-181. [PMID: 34617141 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03386-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) plays an important role in geochemistry and is an essential trace element for humans and animals. This review summarizes the transformation and accumulation of Se in the plant-soil-microbe system. As one of the important reservoirs of Se, soil is an important material basis of its entry into the food chain through plants. Soil with an appropriate amount of Se is beneficial for plant growth and plays a valuable role in a stress-resistant environment. Among the many migration and transformation pathways, the transformation of Se by microorganisms is particularly important and is the main form of Se transformation in the soil environment. In this review, the role and form transformation of Se in plants, soil, and microorganisms; the role of Se in plants; the form, input, and output of Se in soil; the absorption and transformation of Se by plants; and the role of microorganisms in Se transformation are presented. In addition to describing the migration and transformation laws of Se in the environment, this review expounds on the main directions and trends of Se research in the agricultural field as well as current gaps and difficulties in Se-related research. Overall, this reviews aims to provide necessary information and theoretical references for the development of Se-rich agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- College of Biology and Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, 537000, China
| | - Wei Huang
- College of Biology and Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, 537000, China.
| | - Fei Pang
- College of Biology and Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, 537000, China.
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Koseoglu E, Kutuk B, Nalbantoglu OU, Koseoglu R, Kendirci M. Arsenic and selenium measurements in nail and hair show important relationships to Alzheimer's disease in the elderly. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 64:126684. [PMID: 33285443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND RESEARCH QUESTION The relationships of Arsenic (As) and selenium (Se) to Alzheimer's Disease (AD) are not clearly known. This case-control observational study aims to investigate the possible relationship of these elements to the diagnosis and pathophysiology of the disease. METHODS This case-control observational study was performed using 40 AD patients in different clinical stages and 40 healthy control subjects, living in a similar environment with low As exposure. The levels of As and Se in nail and hair were measured with Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. The results were analysed with regards to clinical condition, age, disease duration, sex, education, living environment, and the relationship of the two elements using Mann Whitney U test and Spearman Rho or Pearson correlation tests as appropriate. RESULTS The levels of As and Se were not related to age, disease duration, sex, education, or living environment in the study groups (p > 0.05). The levels of As and Se in hair and nail samples of all patients and patient subgroups were higher than those in the healthy subjects (p < 0.001). A positive correlation was found between the levels of As and Se in both hair and nail samples only in the patient group (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION According to the results, As and Se levels probably increase due to some metabolic or genetic factors affecting both of them together. There may be an increase in the unregulated pool (selenomethionine) and a decrease in the regulated pool of Se (selenosycteine) in AD. Our findings need verification and the subject seems to deserve more elaborate evaluations including genetic analyses and analysis of different chemical forms of these elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emel Koseoglu
- Erciyes University, Medicine Faculty, Neurology Department, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Burak Kutuk
- Erciyes University, Medicine Faculty, Neurology Department, Kayseri, Turkey
| | | | - Rahmi Koseoglu
- Erciyes University, Science Faculty, Physics Department, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Murat Kendirci
- Erciyes University, Medicine Faculty, Neurology Department, Kayseri, Turkey
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Abstract
AbstractIn this study, famous Zhejiang teas were evaluated as a well-advertised source of selenium. The 25 samples from provinces around China and Asia were purchased in Warsaw tea shops. The speciation analysis of selenium as well as the evaluation of catechin content in water tea infusions was performed using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS/MS). It turned out that all of tested samples can be a great source of organic selenium species (no traces of inorganic selenium was found), however, Zhejiang teas did not differ much among others. Such a conclusion can also be drawn when comparing the antioxidant capacity of the tested samples, obtained with the application of four methods (Folin–Ciocalteu method, scavenging of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical, hydroxyl radical scavenging and cupric reducing ability assay). What is more, no correlation was found between the selenium content and the antioxidant activity of studied teas. The results obtained for the six samples from Zhejiang Province were very varied, which shows that it is very difficult to interpret the results and compare them with the results of other authors.
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Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient present in human diet, entering in the composition of selenoproteins as selenocysteine (Se-Cys) amino acid. At the thyroid level, these proteins play an important role as antioxidant and in hormone metabolism. Selenoproteins are essential for the balance of redox homeostasis and antioxidant defense of mammalian organisms, while the corresponding imbalance is now recognized as the cause of many diseases including cancer. The food chain is the main source of Se in human body. Dietary intake is strongly correlated with Se content in soil and varies according to several factors such as geology and atmospheric input. Both Se deficiency and toxicity have been associated with adverse health effects. This review synthesizes recent data on the transfer of Se from soil to humans, Se U-shaped deficiency and toxicity uptake effects and particularly the impact of Se deficiency on thyroid cancer.
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BALKAN BM, MERAL Ö, KİSMALİ G, SEL T. Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Ascorbic Acid and Selenium Applied Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. JOURNAL OF THE TURKISH CHEMICAL SOCIETY, SECTION A: CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.724117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Pyrzynska K, Sentkowska A. Selenium in plant foods: speciation analysis, bioavailability, and factors affecting composition. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:1340-1352. [PMID: 32363893 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1758027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Interest in selenium has been increasing over the past few decades with growing knowledge of its importance to overall health. The ability of several plants to accumulate and transform inorganic selenium forms into its bioactive organic compounds has important implications for human nutrition and health. In this review, we present the studies carried out during the last decade to characterize selenium species produced by different plant foods. Attention is also paid to the effect of selenium treatment on chemical composition and antioxidant properties of plants.
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Zacharias T, Flouda K, Jepps TA, Gammelgaard B, Schiesser CH, Davies MJ. Effects of a novel selenium substituted-sugar (1,4-anhydro-4-seleno-d-talitol, SeTal) on human coronary artery cell lines and mouse aortic rings. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 173:113631. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Rohn I, Marschall TA, Kroepfl N, Jensen KB, Aschner M, Tuck S, Kuehnelt D, Schwerdtle T, Bornhorst J. Selenium species-dependent toxicity, bioavailability and metabolic transformations in Caenorhabditis elegans. Metallomics 2019; 10:818-827. [PMID: 29770420 DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00066b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The essential micronutrient selenium (Se) is required for various systemic functions, but its beneficial range is narrow and overexposure may result in adverse health effects. Additionally, the chemical form of the ingested selenium contributes crucially to its health effects. While small Se species play a major role in Se metabolism, their toxicological effects, bioavailability and metabolic transformations following elevated uptake are poorly understood. Utilizing the tractable invertebrate Caenorhabditis elegans allowed for an alternative approach to study species-specific characteristics of organic and inorganic Se forms in vivo, revealing remarkable species-dependent differences in the toxicity and bioavailability of selenite, selenomethionine (SeMet) and Se-methylselenocysteine (MeSeCys). An inverse relationship was found between toxicity and bioavailability of the Se species, with the organic species displaying a higher bioavailability than the inorganic form, yet being less toxic. Quantitative Se speciation analysis with HPLC/mass spectrometry revealed a partial metabolism of SeMet and MeSeCys. In SeMet exposed worms, identified metabolites were Se-adenosylselenomethionine (AdoSeMet) and Se-adenosylselenohomocysteine (AdoSeHcy), while worms exposed to MeSeCys produced Se-methylselenoglutathione (MeSeGSH) and γ-glutamyl-MeSeCys (γ-Glu-MeSeCys). Moreover, the possible role of the sole selenoprotein in the nematode, thioredoxin reductase-1 (TrxR-1), was studied comparing wildtype and trxr-1 deletion mutants. Although a lower basal Se level was detected in trxr-1 mutants, Se toxicity and bioavailability following acute exposure was indistinguishable from wildtype worms. Altogether, the current study demonstrates the suitability of C. elegans as a model for Se species dependent toxicity and metabolism, while further research is needed to elucidate TrxR-1 function in the nematode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Rohn
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
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Piovesana S, Montone CM, Antonelli M, Cavaliere C, La Barbera G, Canepari S, Samperi R, Laganà A, Capriotti AL. Investigation of free seleno-amino acids in extra-virgin olive oil by mixed mode solid phase extraction cleanup and enantioselective hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2019; 278:17-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Bornhorst J, Kipp AP, Haase H, Meyer S, Schwerdtle T. The crux of inept biomarkers for risks and benefits of trace elements. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Vinceti M, Filippini T, Del Giovane C, Dennert G, Zwahlen M, Brinkman M, Zeegers MPA, Horneber M, D'Amico R, Crespi CM. Selenium for preventing cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 1:CD005195. [PMID: 29376219 PMCID: PMC6491296 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd005195.pub4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This review is the third update of the Cochrane review "Selenium for preventing cancer". Selenium is a naturally occurring element with both nutritional and toxicological properties. Higher selenium exposure and selenium supplements have been suggested to protect against several types of cancer. OBJECTIVES To gather and present evidence needed to address two research questions:1. What is the aetiological relationship between selenium exposure and cancer risk in humans?2. Describe the efficacy of selenium supplementation for cancer prevention in humans. SEARCH METHODS We updated electronic searches of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; 2017, Issue 2), MEDLINE (Ovid, 2013 to January 2017, week 4), and Embase (2013 to 2017, week 6), as well as searches of clinical trial registries. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and longitudinal observational studies that enrolled adult participants. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We performed random-effects (RE) meta-analyses when two or more RCTs were available for a specific outcome. We conducted RE meta-analyses when five or more observational studies were available for a specific outcome. We assessed risk of bias in RCTs and in observational studies using Cochrane's risk assessment tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, respectively. We considered in the primary analysis data pooled from RCTs with low risk of bias. We assessed the certainty of evidence by using the GRADE approach. MAIN RESULTS We included 83 studies in this updated review: two additional RCTs (10 in total) and a few additional trial reports for previously included studies. RCTs involved 27,232 participants allocated to either selenium supplements or placebo. For analyses of RCTs with low risk of bias, the summary risk ratio (RR) for any cancer incidence was 1.01 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93 to 1.10; 3 studies, 19,475 participants; high-certainty evidence). The RR for estimated cancer mortality was 1.02 (95% CI 0.80 to 1.30; 1 study, 17,444 participants). For the most frequently investigated site-specific cancers, investigators provided little evidence of any effect of selenium supplementation. Two RCTs with 19,009 participants indicated that colorectal cancer was unaffected by selenium administration (RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.69 to 1.43), as were non-melanoma skin cancer (RR 1.16, 95% CI 0.30 to 4.42; 2 studies, 2027 participants), lung cancer (RR 1.16, 95% CI 0.89 to 1.50; 2 studies, 19,009 participants), breast cancer (RR 2.04, 95% CI 0.44 to 9.55; 1 study, 802 participants), bladder cancer (RR 1.07, 95% CI 0.76 to 1.52; 2 studies, 19,009 participants), and prostate cancer (RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.14; 4 studies, 18,942 participants). Certainty of the evidence was high for all of these cancer sites, except for breast cancer, which was of moderate certainty owing to imprecision, and non-melanoma skin cancer, which we judged as moderate certainty owing to high heterogeneity. RCTs with low risk of bias suggested increased melanoma risk.Results for most outcomes were similar when we included all RCTs in the meta-analysis, regardless of risk of bias. Selenium supplementation did not reduce overall cancer incidence (RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.14; 5 studies, 21,860 participants) nor mortality (RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.49 to 1.32; 2 studies, 18,698 participants). Summary RRs for site-specific cancers showed limited changes compared with estimates from high-quality studies alone, except for liver cancer, for which results were reversed.In the largest trial, the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Trial, selenium supplementation increased risks of alopecia and dermatitis, and for participants with highest background selenium status, supplementation also increased risk of high-grade prostate cancer. RCTs showed a slightly increased risk of type 2 diabetes associated with supplementation. A hypothesis generated by the Nutritional Prevention of Cancer Trial - that individuals with low blood selenium levels could reduce their risk of cancer (particularly prostate cancer) by increasing selenium intake - has not been confirmed. As RCT participants have been overwhelmingly male (88%), we could not assess the potential influence of sex or gender.We included 15 additional observational cohort studies (70 in total; over 2,360,000 participants). We found that lower cancer incidence (summary odds ratio (OR) 0.72, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.93; 7 studies, 76,239 participants) and lower cancer mortality (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.97; 7 studies, 183,863 participants) were associated with the highest category of selenium exposure compared with the lowest. Cancer incidence was lower in men (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.46 to 1.14, 4 studies, 29,365 men) than in women (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.45 to 1.77, 2 studies, 18,244 women). Data show a decrease in risk of site-specific cancers for stomach, colorectal, lung, breast, bladder, and prostate cancers. However, these studies have major weaknesses due to study design, exposure misclassification, and potential unmeasured confounding due to lifestyle or nutritional factors covarying with selenium exposure beyond those taken into account in multi-variable analyses. In addition, no evidence of a dose-response relation between selenium status and cancer risk emerged. Certainty of evidence was very low for each outcome. Some studies suggested that genetic factors might modify the relation between selenium and cancer risk - an issue that merits further investigation. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Well-designed and well-conducted RCTs have shown no beneficial effect of selenium supplements in reducing cancer risk (high certainty of evidence). Some RCTs have raised concerns by reporting a higher incidence of high-grade prostate cancer and type 2 diabetes in participants with selenium supplementation. No clear evidence of an influence of baseline participant selenium status on outcomes has emerged in these studies.Observational longitudinal studies have shown an inverse association between selenium exposure and risk of some cancer types, but null and direct relations have also been reported, and no systematic pattern suggesting dose-response relations has emerged. These studies suffer from limitations inherent to the observational design, including exposure misclassification and unmeasured confounding.Overall, there is no evidence to suggest that increasing selenium intake through diet or supplementation prevents cancer in humans. However, more research is needed to assess whether selenium may modify the risk of cancer in individuals with a specific genetic background or nutritional status, and to investigate possible differential effects of various forms of selenium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Vinceti
- Boston University School of Public HealthDepartment of Epidemiology715 Albany StreetBoston, MAUSA02118
- University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaResearch Center in Environmental, Nutritional and Genetic Epidemiology (CREAGEN), Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural SciencesVia Campi 287ModenaItaly41125
| | - Tommaso Filippini
- University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaResearch Center in Environmental, Nutritional and Genetic Epidemiology (CREAGEN), Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural SciencesVia Campi 287ModenaItaly41125
| | - Cinzia Del Giovane
- University of BernInstitute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM)Gesellschaftsstrasse 49BernSwitzerland3012
- University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaCochrane Italy, Department of Diagnostic, Clinical and Public Health MedicineVia del Pozzo, 71ModenaItaly41100
| | - Gabriele Dennert
- University of Applied Sciences DortmundSocial Medicine and Public Health with Focus on Gender and Diversity, Department of Applied Social SciencesEmil‐Figge‐Str. 44DortmundGermanyD‐44227
| | - Marcel Zwahlen
- University of BernInstitute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM)Finkelhubelweg11BernSwitzerland3012
| | - Maree Brinkman
- Nutrition Biomed Research InstituteDepartment of Nutritional Epidemiology and Clinical StudiesArgyle Place SouthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia3053
- Chairgroup of Complex Genetics and Epidemiology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Care and Public Health Research InstituteUnit of Nutritional and Cancer EpidemiologyMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtNetherlands
| | | | - Markus Horneber
- Paracelsus Medical University, Klinikum NurembergDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology and HematologyProf.‐Ernst‐Nathan‐Str. 1NurembergGermanyD‐90419
| | - Roberto D'Amico
- University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaCochrane Italy, Department of Diagnostic, Clinical and Public Health MedicineVia del Pozzo, 71ModenaItaly41100
| | - Catherine M Crespi
- University of California Los AngelesBiostatisticsFielding School of Public Health650 Charles Young Drive South, A2‐125 CHS, Box 956900Los AngelesCaliforniaUSA90095‐6900
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17
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Sentkowska A, Pyrzynska K. Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography in the speciation analysis of selenium. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1074-1075:8-15. [PMID: 29329094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) coupled to mass spectrometry was employed to study retention behavior of selected selenium compounds using two different HILIC stationary phases: silica and zwitterionic. Two organic solvents - acetonitrile and methanol - were compared as a component of mobile phase. Separation parameters such as a content of organic modifier, the eluent pH and inorganic buffer concentration were investigated. Based on all observations, methanol seems to be beneficial for the separation of studied compounds. The optimal HILIC separation method involved silica column and eluent composed of 85% MeOH and CH3COONH4 (8 mM, pH 7) was compared to RP method in terms of time of the single run, the separation efficiency and limit of detection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Krystyna Pyrzynska
- University of Warsaw, Department of Chemistry, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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18
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Vinceti M, Chiari A, Eichmüller M, Rothman KJ, Filippini T, Malagoli C, Weuve J, Tondelli M, Zamboni G, Nichelli PF, Michalke B. A selenium species in cerebrospinal fluid predicts conversion to Alzheimer's dementia in persons with mild cognitive impairment. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2017; 9:100. [PMID: 29258624 PMCID: PMC5735937 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-017-0323-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Little is known about factors influencing progression from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer’s dementia. A potential role of environmental chemicals and specifically of selenium, a trace element of nutritional and toxicological relevance, has been suggested. Epidemiologic studies of selenium are lacking, however, with the exception of a recent randomized trial based on an organic selenium form. Methods We determined concentrations of selenium species in cerebrospinal fluid sampled at diagnosis in 56 participants with mild cognitive impairment of nonvascular origin. We then investigated the relation of these concentrations to subsequent conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer’s dementia. Results Twenty-one out of the 56 subjects developed Alzheimer’s dementia during a median follow-up of 42 months; four subjects developed frontotemporal dementia and two patients Lewy body dementia. In a Cox proportional hazards model adjusting for age, sex, duration of sample storage, and education, an inorganic selenium form, selenate, showed a strong association with Alzheimer’s dementia risk, with an adjusted hazard ratio of 3.1 (95% confidence interval 1.0–9.5) in subjects having a cerebrospinal fluid content above the median level, compared with those with lower concentration. The hazard ratio of Alzheimer’s dementia showed little departure from unity for all other inorganic and organic selenium species. These associations were similar in analyses that measured exposure on a continuous scale, and also after excluding individuals who converted to Alzheimer’s dementia at the beginning of the follow-up. Conclusions These results indicate that higher amounts of a potentially toxic inorganic selenium form in cerebrospinal fluid may predict conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer’s dementia. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13195-017-0323-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Vinceti
- CREAGEN-Environmental, Genetic, and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 287 Via Campi, Modena, 41125, Italy. .,Center for Neurosciences and Neurotechnology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 287 Via Campi, Modena, 41125, Italy. .,Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| | - Annalisa Chiari
- Center for Neurosciences and Neurotechnology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 287 Via Campi, Modena, 41125, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, via del Pozzo 71, Modena, Italy
| | - Marcel Eichmüller
- Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH-German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, 1 Ingolstaedter Landstrasse, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Kenneth J Rothman
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.,Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, 3040 E Cornwallis Road, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Tommaso Filippini
- CREAGEN-Environmental, Genetic, and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 287 Via Campi, Modena, 41125, Italy
| | - Carlotta Malagoli
- CREAGEN-Environmental, Genetic, and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 287 Via Campi, Modena, 41125, Italy
| | - Jennifer Weuve
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Manuela Tondelli
- Center for Neurosciences and Neurotechnology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 287 Via Campi, Modena, 41125, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, via del Pozzo 71, Modena, Italy
| | - Giovanna Zamboni
- Center for Neurosciences and Neurotechnology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 287 Via Campi, Modena, 41125, Italy
| | - Paolo F Nichelli
- Center for Neurosciences and Neurotechnology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 287 Via Campi, Modena, 41125, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, via del Pozzo 71, Modena, Italy
| | - Bernhard Michalke
- Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH-German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, 1 Ingolstaedter Landstrasse, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
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19
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Marschall TA, Kroepfl N, Jensen KB, Bornhorst J, Meermann B, Kuehnelt D, Schwerdtle T. Tracing cytotoxic effects of small organic Se species in human liver cells back to total cellular Se and Se metabolites. Metallomics 2017; 9:268-277. [PMID: 28184394 DOI: 10.1039/c6mt00300a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Small selenium (Se) species play a major role in the metabolism, excretion and dietary supply of the essential trace element selenium. Human cells provide a valuable tool for investigating currently unresolved issues on the cellular mechanisms of Se toxicity and metabolism. In this study, we developed two isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma tandem-mass spectrometry based methods and applied them to human hepatoma cells (HepG2) in order to quantitatively elucidate total cellular Se concentrations and cellular Se species transformations in relation to the cytotoxic effects of four small organic Se species. Species- and incubation time-dependent results were obtained: the two major urinary excretion metabolites trimethylselenonium (TMSe) and methyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-1-seleno-β-d-galactopyranoside (SeSugar 1) were taken up by the HepG2 cells in an unmodified manner and did not considerably contribute to the Se pool. In contrast, Se-methylselenocysteine (MeSeCys) and selenomethionine (SeMet) were taken up in higher amounts, they were largely incorporated by the cells (most likely into proteins) and metabolized to other small Se species. Two new metabolites of MeSeCys, namely γ-glutamyl-Se-methylselenocysteine and Se-methylselenoglutathione, were identified by means of HPLC-electrospray-ionization-Orbitrap-MS. They are certainly involved in the (de-)toxification modes of Se metabolism and require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Marschall
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - N Kroepfl
- Institute of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - K B Jensen
- Institute of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - J Bornhorst
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - B Meermann
- Federal Institute of Hydrology, Department G2 - Aquatic Chemistry, Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068 Koblenz, Germany
| | - D Kuehnelt
- Institute of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - T Schwerdtle
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
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20
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Effects of different water management on absorption and accumulation of selenium in rice. Saudi J Biol Sci 2017; 25:1178-1182. [PMID: 30174519 PMCID: PMC6117235 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice is the staple food for more than half of the world's population, but selenium (Se) is low in many rice growing countries. Water management model affects rice soil pH and Eh, and then affects the bioavailability of Se in soil. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of water management on soil Se species, dynamics and selenium uptake by rice plants. Sodium selenite was added to the soil so that the soil selenium content reached 0.5 mg kg-1 to study the effects of 3 different water management modes on soil selenium uptake by rice plants. These three modes are flood irrigation (F), aerobic irrigation (A) and alternate flood and aerobic irrigation (AFA). The results showed that flooded irrigation treatment increased the soil soluble selenium concentration, and the selenium in soil solution mainly existed in the form of selenite and selenomethionine selenium oxide. The content of selenium in grain was 2.44 and 1.84 times that of flooded irrigation treatment under A and AFA respectively. The content of selenium in straw was 1.32 and 1.58 times that of flooded treatment under A and AFA respectively. After rice grain enzyme hydrolysis, HPLC-ICP-MS analysis showed that Selenomethionine was the main selenium speciation in rice grains. This study showed that aerobic flooded treatment is one of the most effective ways to increase selenium content in rice field.
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21
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do Nascimento da Silva E, Aureli F, D'Amato M, Raggi A, Cadore S, Cubadda F. Selenium Bioaccessibility and Speciation in Selenium-Enriched Lettuce: Investigation of the Selenocompounds Liberated after in Vitro Simulated Human Digestion Using Two-Dimensional HPLC-ICP-MS. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:3031-3038. [PMID: 28343393 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The evaluation of selenium-enriched vegetables as potential dietary sources of selenium, an essential element for humans, requires an assessment of the plant's accumulation ability as well as of the bioaccessibility and speciation of the accumulated selenium, which influence its biological effects in humans. Lettuce hydroponically grown at three selenite (SeVI)/selenate (SeIV) amendment levels was characterized accordingly. Selenium accumulation in lettuce leaves was greatest with Se(VI) amendment, whereas bioaccessibility was 70% on average in both cases. Selenium speciation in gastrointestinal hydrolysates, characterized by anion and cation exchange HPLC-ICP-MS, showed that Se(IV) was largely biotransformed into organoselenium metabolites, with selenomethionine accounting for 1/3 of the total detected species, whereas Se(VI) was incorporated as such in the edible portion of the plant, with only a small fraction (∼20%) converted into organic species. Taking into account both nutritional quality and safety, the Se(IV)-enriched lettuce appeared more favorable as a potential selenium source for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Federica Aureli
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità-Italian National Institute of Health , Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marilena D'Amato
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità-Italian National Institute of Health , Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Raggi
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità-Italian National Institute of Health , Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Solange Cadore
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas , CEP 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Francesco Cubadda
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità-Italian National Institute of Health , Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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22
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Vinceti M, Filippini T, Cilloni S, Bargellini A, Vergoni AV, Tsatsakis A, Ferrante M. Health risk assessment of environmental selenium: Emerging evidence and challenges (Review). Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:3323-3335. [PMID: 28339083 PMCID: PMC5428396 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
New data have been accumulated in the scientific literature in recent years which allow a more adequate risk assessment of selenium with reference to human health. This new evidence comes from environmental studies, carried out in populations characterized by abnormally high or low selenium intakes, and from high-quality and large randomized controlled trials with selenium recently carried out in the US and in other countries. These trials have consistently shown no beneficial effect on cancer and cardiovascular risk, and have yielded indications of unexpected toxic effects of selenium exposure. Overall, these studies indicate that the minimal amount of environmental selenium which is source of risk to human health is much lower than anticipated on the basis of older studies, since toxic effects were shown at levels of intake as low as around 260 µg/day for organic selenium and around 16 µg/day for inorganic selenium. Conversely, populations with average selenium intake of less than 13–19 µg/day appear to be at risk of a severe cardiomyopathy, Keshan disease. Overall, there is the need to reconsider the selenium standards for dietary intake, drinking water, outdoor and indoor air levels, taking into account the recently discovered adverse health effects of low-dose selenium overexposure, and carefully assessing the significance of selenium-induced proteomic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Vinceti
- CREAGEN, Research Center of Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology, Section of Public Health, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Filippini
- CREAGEN, Research Center of Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology, Section of Public Health, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Silvia Cilloni
- CREAGEN, Research Center of Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology, Section of Public Health, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bargellini
- CREAGEN, Research Center of Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology, Section of Public Health, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Anna Valeria Vergoni
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Aristides Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Margherita Ferrante
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies 'G.F. Ingrassia', University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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23
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Marschall TA, Bornhorst J, Kuehnelt D, Schwerdtle T. Differing cytotoxicity and bioavailability of selenite, methylselenocysteine, selenomethionine, selenosugar 1 and trimethylselenonium ion and their underlying metabolic transformations in human cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:2622-2632. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Bornhorst
- Institute of Nutritional Science; University of Potsdam; Nuthetal Germany
| | - Doris Kuehnelt
- Institute of Chemistry-Analytical Chemistry; University of Graz; Graz Austria
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- Institute of Nutritional Science; University of Potsdam; Nuthetal Germany
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24
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Detection of rare species of volatile organic selenium metabolites in male golden hamster urine. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:4927-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9579-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
The authors were asked by the Editors of ACS Chemical Biology to write an article titled "Why Nature Chose Selenium" for the occasion of the upcoming bicentennial of the discovery of selenium by the Swedish chemist Jöns Jacob Berzelius in 1817 and styled after the famous work of Frank Westheimer on the biological chemistry of phosphate [Westheimer, F. H. (1987) Why Nature Chose Phosphates, Science 235, 1173-1178]. This work gives a history of the important discoveries of the biological processes that selenium participates in, and a point-by-point comparison of the chemistry of selenium with the atom it replaces in biology, sulfur. This analysis shows that redox chemistry is the largest chemical difference between the two chalcogens. This difference is very large for both one-electron and two-electron redox reactions. Much of this difference is due to the inability of selenium to form π bonds of all types. The outer valence electrons of selenium are also more loosely held than those of sulfur. As a result, selenium is a better nucleophile and will react with reactive oxygen species faster than sulfur, but the resulting lack of π-bond character in the Se-O bond means that the Se-oxide can be much more readily reduced in comparison to S-oxides. The combination of these properties means that replacement of sulfur with selenium in nature results in a selenium-containing biomolecule that resists permanent oxidation. Multiple examples of this gain of function behavior from the literature are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans J. Reich
- University of Wisconsin—Madison, Department of Chemistry, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Robert J. Hondal
- University of Vermont, Department of Biochemistry, 89 Beaumont Ave, Given Laboratory, Room B413, Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
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26
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Quantification of low molecular weight selenium metabolites in human plasma after treatment with selenite in pharmacological doses by LC-ICP-MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:2293-301. [PMID: 26832729 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9325-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The paper presents an analytical method for quantification of low molecular weight (LMW) selenium compounds in human plasma based on liquid chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LC-ICP-MS) and post column isotope dilution-based quantification. Prior to analysis, samples were ultrafiltrated using a cut-off value of 3000 Da. The method was validated in aqueous solution as well as plasma using standards of selenomethionine (SeMet), Se-methylselenocysteine (MeSeCys), selenite, and the selenosugar Se-methylseleno-N-acetylgalactosamine (SeGal) for linearity, precision, recoveries, and limits of detection and quantitation with satisfactory results. The method was applied for analysis of a set of plasma samples from cancer patients receiving selenite treatment in a clinical trial. Three LMW selenium compounds were observed. The main compounds, SeGal and selenite were tentatively identified by retention time matching with standards in different chromatographic systems, while the third minor compound was not identified. The identity of the selenosugar was verified by ESI-MS-MS product ion scanning, while selenite was identified indirectly as the glutathione (GSH) reaction product, GS-Se-SG.
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27
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Kuehnelt D, Engström K, Skröder H, Kokarnig S, Schlebusch C, Kippler M, Alhamdow A, Nermell B, Francesconi K, Broberg K, Vahter M. Selenium metabolism to the trimethylselenonium ion (TMSe) varies markedly because of polymorphisms in the indolethylamine N-methyltransferase gene. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 102:1406-15. [PMID: 26537946 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.114157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selenium is an essential element, but its metabolism in humans is not well characterized. A few small studies indicate that the trimethylselenonium ion (TMSe) is a common selenium metabolite in humans. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to elucidate the human metabolism of selenium to TMSe. DESIGN Study individuals constituted subsamples of 2 cohorts: 1) pregnant women (n = 228) and their 5-y-old children (n = 205) in rural Bangladesh with poor selenium status [median urinary selenium (U-Se): 6.4 μg/L in mothers, 14 μg/L in children] and 2) women in the Argentinian Andes (n = 83) with adequate selenium status (median U-Se: 24 μg/L). Total U-Se and blood selenium were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS), and urinary concentrations of TMSe were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography/vapor generation/ICPMS. A genomewide association study (GWAS) was performed for 1,629,299 (after filtration) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Bangladeshi women (n = 72) by using Illumina Omni5M, and results were validated by using real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS TMSe "producers" were prevalent (approximately one-third) among the Bangladeshi women and their children, in whom TMSe constituted ∼10-70% of U-Se, whereas "nonproducers" had, on average, 0.59% TMSe. The TMSe-producing women had, on average, 2-μg U-Se/L higher concentrations than did the nonproducers. In contrast, only 3 of the 83 Andean women were TMSe producers (6-15% TMSe in the urine); the average percentage among the nonproducers was 0.35%. Comparison of the percentage of urinary TMSe in mothers and children indicated a strong genetic influence. The GWAS identified 3 SNPs in the indolethylamine N-methyltransferase gene (INMT) that were strongly associated with percentage of TMSe (P < 0.001, false-discovery rate corrected) in both cohorts. CONCLUSIONS There are remarkable population and individual variations in the formation of TMSe, which could largely be explained by SNPs in INMT. The TMSe-producing women had higher U-Se concentrations than did nonproducers, but further elucidation of the metabolic pathways of selenium is essential for the understanding of its role in human health. The MINIMat trial was registered at isrctn.org as ISRCTN16581394.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Kuehnelt
- Institute of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Karin Engström
- Section of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Helena Skröder
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Sabine Kokarnig
- Institute of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Carina Schlebusch
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Evolutionary Biology Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Kippler
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Ayman Alhamdow
- Section of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Barbro Nermell
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Kevin Francesconi
- Institute of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Karin Broberg
- Section of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Marie Vahter
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and
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28
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Aboelmagd A, El-Safty SA, Shenashen MA, Elshehy EA, Khairy M, Sakaic M, Yamaguchi H. Nanomembrane Canister Architectures for the Visualization and Filtration of Oxyanion Toxins with One-Step Processing. Chem Asian J 2015; 10:2467-78. [PMID: 26178184 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201500565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanomembrane canister-like architectures were fabricated by using hexagonal mesocylinder-shaped aluminosilica nanotubes (MNTs)-porous anodic alumina (PAA) hybrid nanochannels. The engineering pattern of the MNTs inside a 60 μm-long membrane channel enabled the creation of unique canister-like channel necks and cavities. The open-tubular canister architecture design provides controllable, reproducible, and one-step processing patterns of visual detection and rejection/permeation of oxyanion toxins such as selenite (SeO3(2-)) in aquatic environments (i.e., in ground and river water sources) in the Ibaraki Prefecture of Japan. The decoration of organic ligand moieties such as omega chrome black blue (OCG) into inorganic Al2O3@tubular SiO2/Al2O3 canister membrane channel cavities led to the fabrication of an optical nanomembrane sensor (ONS). The OCG ligand was not leached from the canister as observed in washing, sensing, and recovery assays of selenite anions in solution, which enabled its multiple reuse. The ONS makes a variety of alternate processing analyses of selective quantification, visual detection, rejection/permeation, and recovery of toxic selenite quick and simple without using complex instrumentation. Under optimal conditions, the ONS canister exhibited a high selectivity toward selenite anions relative to other ions and a low-level detection limit of 0.0093 μM. Real analytical data showed that approximately 96% of SeO3(2-) anions can be recovered from aquatic and wastewater samples. The ONS canister holds potential for field recovery applications of toxic selenite anions from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Aboelmagd
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukubashi, Ibaraki-ken, 305-0047, Japan)
| | - Sherif A El-Safty
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukubashi, Ibaraki-ken, 305-0047, Japan). , .,Graduate School for Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan). ,
| | - Mohamed A Shenashen
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukubashi, Ibaraki-ken, 305-0047, Japan)
| | - Emad A Elshehy
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukubashi, Ibaraki-ken, 305-0047, Japan)
| | - Mohamed Khairy
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukubashi, Ibaraki-ken, 305-0047, Japan)
| | - Masaru Sakaic
- Centre for Research in Isotopes & Environmental Dynamics, Tsukuba University, 265-38 Shin Makita, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 305-0076, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yamaguchi
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukubashi, Ibaraki-ken, 305-0047, Japan)
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Carroll L, Davies MJ, Pattison DI. Reaction of low-molecular-mass organoselenium compounds (and their sulphur analogues) with inflammation-associated oxidants. Free Radic Res 2015; 49:750-67. [PMID: 25854915 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2015.1018247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Selenium is an essential trace element in mammals, with the majority specifically encoded as seleno-L-cysteine into a range of selenoproteins. Many of these proteins play a key role in modulating oxidative stress, via either direct detoxification of biological oxidants, or repair of oxidised residues. Both selenium- and sulphur-containing residues react readily with the wide range of oxidants (including hydrogen peroxide, radicals, singlet oxygen and hypochlorous, hypobromous, hypothiocyanous and peroxynitrous acids) that are produced during inflammation and have been implicated in the development of a range of inflammatory diseases. Whilst selenium has similar properties to sulphur, it typically exhibits greater reactivity with most oxidants, and there are considerable differences in the subsequent reactivity and ease of repair of the oxidised species that are formed. This review discusses the chemistry of low-molecular-mass organoselenium compounds (e.g. selenoethers, diselenides and selenols) with inflammatory oxidants, with a particular focus on the reaction kinetics and product studies, with the differences in reactivity between selenium and sulphur analogues described in the selected examples. These data provide insight into the therapeutic potential of low-molecular-mass selenium-containing compounds to modulate the activity of both radical and molecular oxidants and provide protection against inflammation-induced damage. Progress in their therapeutic development (including modulation of potential selenium toxicity by strategic design) is demonstrated by a brief summary of some recent studies where novel organoselenium compounds have been used as wound healing or radioprotection agents and in the prevention of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Carroll
- The Heart Research Institute , Newtown, Sydney , Australia
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Vinceti M, Grill P, Malagoli C, Filippini T, Storani S, Malavolti M, Michalke B. Selenium speciation in human serum and its implications for epidemiologic research: a cross-sectional study. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2015; 31:1-10. [PMID: 26004885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Observational studies addressing the relation between selenium and human health, particularly cancer risk, yielded inconsistent results, while most recent randomized trials showed a fairly consistent pattern suggesting null or adverse effects of the metalloid. One of the most plausible explanations for such inconsistencies is inadequate exposure assessment in observational studies, commonly carried out by measuring total Se content without taking into account the specific exposure to the individual chemical forms of the metalloid, whose toxic and nutritional properties may vary greatly. Data on the distribution of these species in human blood and their correlation with overall selenium levels are very limited. The concentrations of organic and inorganic selenium species were analyzed in serum of fifty subjects sampled from the general population of the municipality of Modena, northern Italy, aged from 35 to 70 years. Samples were collected during a 30-month period, and determinations of selenium species were carried out using high pressure liquid chromatography coupled with inductively coupled plasma dynamic reaction cell mass spectrometry. The majority of selenium was found to be present as organic species, but the inorganic forms showed higher levels than expected. These species showed limited correlations with age, sex and body mass index, while the organic forms increased in subjects consuming selenium-containing dietary supplements and decreased in smokers. The length of the sample storage period strongly influenced the distribution of selenium compounds, with a clear tendency towards higher inorganic and lower organic selenium levels over time. In multivariate analysis adjusting for potential confounders, total serum selenium correlated with human serum albumin-bound selenium and, in males, with two organic species of the metalloid (selenocysteine and glutathione peroxidase-bound selenium), while little association existed with the other organic forms and the inorganic ones. These findings highlight the potential for exposure misclassification of observational epidemiologic investigations based on overall selenium content in blood and possibly other tissues, and the critical role of the storage conditions for speciation analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Vinceti
- Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Department of Diagnostic, Clinical and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Peter Grill
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Munich, Germany
| | - Carlotta Malagoli
- Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Department of Diagnostic, Clinical and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Tommaso Filippini
- Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Department of Diagnostic, Clinical and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Simone Storani
- Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Department of Diagnostic, Clinical and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Marcella Malavolti
- Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Department of Diagnostic, Clinical and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Bernhard Michalke
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Munich, Germany
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31
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Kokarnig S, Tsirigotaki A, Wiesenhofer T, Lackner V, Francesconi KA, Pergantis SA, Kuehnelt D. Concurrent quantitative HPLC-mass spectrometry profiling of small selenium species in human serum and urine after ingestion of selenium supplements. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2015; 29:83-90. [PMID: 25063689 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Selenium metabolic patterns in the human body originating from five distinct selenium dietary sources, selenate, selenite, selenomethionine (SeMet), methylselenocysteine (MeSeCys) and selenized yeast, were investigated by performing concurrent HPLC-mass spectrometric analysis of human serum and urine. Total selenium and selenium species time profiles were generated by sampling and analyzing serum and urine from volunteers treated with selenium supplements, up to 5 and 24h following ingestion, respectively. We found that an increase in total serum selenium levels, accompanied by elevated selenium urinary excretion, was the common pattern for all treatments, except for that of selenite supplementation. Selenosugar 1 was a universal serum metabolite in all treatments, indicating that ingested selenium is favorably metabolized to the sugar. Except for selenite and selenized yeast ingestion, these patterns were reflected in the urine time series of the different treatments. Selenosugar 1 was the major selenium species present in urine in all treatments except for the selenate treatment, accounting for about 80% of the identified excreted species within 24h of ingestion. Furthermore, the urinary metabolite trimethylselenonium ion (TMSe) was detected for the first time in human background serum by using HPLC coupled to elemental and molecular mass spectrometry. The concurrent monitoring of non-protein selenium species in both body fluids provides the relation between bioavailability and excretion of the individual ingested species and of their metabolic products, while the combined use of elemental and molecular mass spectrometry enables the accurate quantitation of structurally confirmed species. This successfully applied approach is anticipated to be a useful tool for more extensive future studies into human selenium metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Kokarnig
- University of Graz, Institute of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, NAWI Graz, Universitaetsplatz 1, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Alexandra Tsirigotaki
- University of Crete, Department of Chemistry, Voutes Campus, GR-71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Tanja Wiesenhofer
- University of Graz, Institute of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, NAWI Graz, Universitaetsplatz 1, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Verena Lackner
- University of Graz, Buero für ArbeitnehmerInnenschutz und Sicherheit, Halbaerthgasse 6, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Kevin A Francesconi
- University of Graz, Institute of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, NAWI Graz, Universitaetsplatz 1, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Spiros A Pergantis
- University of Crete, Department of Chemistry, Voutes Campus, GR-71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Doris Kuehnelt
- University of Graz, Institute of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, NAWI Graz, Universitaetsplatz 1, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
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Weekley CM, Aitken JB, Witting PK, Harris HH. XAS studies of Se speciation in selenite-fed rats. Metallomics 2014; 6:2193-203. [PMID: 25363824 PMCID: PMC4244600 DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00227j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The biological activity of selenium is dependent on its chemical form. Therefore, knowledge of Se chemistry in vivo is required for efficacious use of selenium compounds in disease prevention and treatment. Using X-ray absorption spectroscopy, Se speciation in the kidney, liver, heart, spleen, testis and red blood cells of rats fed control (∼0.3 ppm Se) or selenite-supplemented (1 ppm or 5 ppm Se) diets for 3 or 6 weeks, was investigated. X-ray absorption spectroscopy revealed the presence of Se-Se and Se-C species in the kidney and liver, and Se-S species in the kidney, but not the liver. X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra showed that there was variation in speciation in the liver and kidneys, but Se speciation was much more uniform in the remaining organs. Using principal component analysis (PCA) to interpret the Se K-edge X-ray absorption spectra, we were able to directly compare the speciation of Se in two different models of selenite metabolism--human lung cancer cells and rat tissues. The effects of Se dose, tissue type and duration of diet on selenium speciation in rat tissues were investigated, and a relationship between the duration of the diet (3 weeks versus 6 weeks) and selenium speciation was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M Weekley
- School of Chemistry and Physics, The University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
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Fernandes AP, Gandin V. Selenium compounds as therapeutic agents in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1850:1642-60. [PMID: 25459512 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With cancer cells encompassing consistently higher production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and with an induced antioxidant defense to counteract the increased basal ROS production, tumors have a limited reserve capacity resulting in an increased vulnerability of some cancer cells to ROS. Based on this, oxidative stress has been recognized as a tumor-specific target for the rational design of new anticancer agents. Among redox modulating compounds, selenium compounds have gained substantial attention due to their promising chemotherapeutic potential. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review aims in summarizing and providing the recent developments of our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie the potential anticancer effects of selenium compounds. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS It is well established that selenium at higher doses readily can turn into a prooxidant and thereby exert its potential anticancer properties. However, the biological activity of selenium compounds and the mechanism behind these effects are highly dependent on its speciation and the specific metabolic pathways of cells and tissues. Conversely, the chemical properties and the main molecular mechanisms of the most relevant inorganic and organic selenium compounds as well as selenium-based nanoparticles must be taken into account and are discussed herein. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Elucidating and deepening our mechanistic knowledge of selenium compounds will help in designing and optimizing compounds with more specific antitumor properties for possible future application of selenium compounds in the treatment of cancer. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Redox regulation of differentiation and de-differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristi P Fernandes
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics (MBB), Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Valentina Gandin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Hagemann-Jensen M, Uhlenbrock F, Kehlet S, Andresen L, Gabel-Jensen C, Ellgaard L, Gammelgaard B, Skov S. The selenium metabolite methylselenol regulates the expression of ligands that trigger immune activation through the lymphocyte receptor NKG2D. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:31576-90. [PMID: 25258323 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.591537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades, selenium research has been focused on the identification of active metabolites, which are crucial for selenium chemoprevention of cancer. In this context, the metabolite methylselenol (CH3SeH) is known for its action to selectively kill transformed cells through mechanisms that include increased formation of reactive oxygen species, induction of DNA damage, triggering of apoptosis, and inhibition of angiogenesis. Here we reveal that CH3SeH modulates the cell surface expression of NKG2D ligands. The expression of NKG2D ligands is induced by stress-associated pathways that occur early during malignant transformation and enable the recognition and elimination of tumors by activating the lymphocyte receptor NKG2D. CH3SeH regulated NKG2D ligands both on the transcriptional and the posttranscriptional levels. CH3SeH induced the transcription of MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence MICA/B and ULBP2 mRNA. However, the induction of cell surface expression was restricted to the ligands MICA/B. Remarkably, our studies showed that CH3SeH inhibited ULBP2 surface transport through inhibition of the autophagic transport pathway. Finally, we identified extracellular calcium as being essential for CH3SeH regulation of NKG2D ligands. A balanced cell surface expression of NKG2D ligands is considered to be an innate barrier against tumor development. Therefore, our work indicates that the application of selenium compounds that are metabolized to CH3SeH could improve NKG2D-based immune therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephanie Kehlet
- From the Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology
| | - Lars Andresen
- From the Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology
| | | | - Lars Ellgaard
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Søren Skov
- From the Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology,
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Vinceti M, Dennert G, Crespi CM, Zwahlen M, Brinkman M, Zeegers MPA, Horneber M, D'Amico R, Del Giovane C. Selenium for preventing cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014; 2014:CD005195. [PMID: 24683040 PMCID: PMC4441528 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd005195.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This review is an update of the first Cochrane publication on selenium for preventing cancer (Dennert 2011).Selenium is a metalloid with both nutritional and toxicological properties. Higher selenium exposure and selenium supplements have been suggested to protect against several types of cancers. OBJECTIVES Two research questions were addressed in this review: What is the evidence for:1. an aetiological relation between selenium exposure and cancer risk in humans? and2. the efficacy of selenium supplementation for cancer prevention in humans? SEARCH METHODS We conducted electronic searches of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL, 2013, Issue 1), MEDLINE (Ovid, 1966 to February 2013 week 1), EMBASE (1980 to 2013 week 6), CancerLit (February 2004) and CCMed (February 2011). As MEDLINE now includes the journals indexed in CancerLit, no further searches were conducted in this database after 2004. SELECTION CRITERIA We included prospective observational studies (cohort studies including sub-cohort controlled studies and nested case-control studies) and randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with healthy adult participants (18 years of age and older). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS For observational studies, we conducted random effects meta-analyses when five or more studies were retrieved for a specific outcome. For RCTs, we performed random effects meta-analyses when two or more studies were available. The risk of bias in observational studies was assessed using forms adapted from the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale for cohort and case-control studies; the criteria specified in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions were used to evaluate the risk of bias in RCTs. MAIN RESULTS We included 55 prospective observational studies (including more than 1,100,000 participants) and eight RCTs (with a total of 44,743 participants). For the observational studies, we found lower cancer incidence (summary odds ratio (OR) 0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.53 to 0.91, N = 8) and cancer mortality (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.39 to 0.93, N = 6) associated with higher selenium exposure. Gender-specific subgroup analysis provided no clear evidence of different effects in men and women (P value 0.47), although cancer incidence was lower in men (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.42 to 1.05, N = 6) than in women (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.45 to 1.77, N = 2). The most pronounced decreases in risk of site-specific cancers were seen for stomach, bladder and prostate cancers. However, these findings have limitations due to study design, quality and heterogeneity that complicate interpretation of the summary statistics. Some studies suggested that genetic factors may modify the relation between selenium and cancer risk-a hypothesis that deserves further investigation.In RCTs, we found no clear evidence that selenium supplementation reduced the risk of any cancer (risk ratio (RR) 0.90, 95% CI 0.70 to 1.17, two studies, N = 4765) or cancer-related mortality (RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.49 to 1.32, two studies, N = 18,698), and this finding was confirmed when the analysis was restricted to studies with low risk of bias. The effect on prostate cancer was imprecise (RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.71 to 1.14, four studies, N = 19,110), and when the analysis was limited to trials with low risk of bias, the interventions showed no effect (RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.14, three studies, N = 18,183). The risk of non-melanoma skin cancer was increased (RR 1.44, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.17, three studies, N = 1900). Results of two trials-the Nutritional Prevention of Cancer Trial (NPCT) and the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Trial (SELECT)-also raised concerns about possible increased risk of type 2 diabetes, alopecia and dermatitis due to selenium supplements. An early hypothesis generated by NPCT that individuals with the lowest blood selenium levels at baseline could reduce their risk of cancer, particularly of prostate cancer, by increasing selenium intake has not been confirmed by subsequent trials. As the RCT participants were overwhelmingly male (94%), gender differences could not be systematically assessed. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Although an inverse association between selenium exposure and the risk of some types of cancer was found in some observational studies, this cannot be taken as evidence of a causal relation, and these results should be interpreted with caution. These studies have many limitations, including issues with assessment of exposure to selenium and to its various chemical forms, heterogeneity, confounding and other biases. Conflicting results including inverse, null and direct associations have been reported for some cancer types.RCTs assessing the effects of selenium supplementation on cancer risk have yielded inconsistent results, although the most recent studies, characterised by a low risk of bias, found no beneficial effect on cancer risk, more specifically on risk of prostate cancer, as well as little evidence of any influence of baseline selenium status. Rather, some trials suggest harmful effects of selenium exposure. To date, no convincing evidence suggests that selenium supplements can prevent cancer in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Vinceti
- University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaDepartment of Diagnostic, Clinical and Public Health MedicineVia Campi 287ModenaItaly41125
| | - Gabriele Dennert
- University of Applied Sciences DortmundSocial Medicine and Public Health with Focus on Gender and Diversity, Department of Applied Social SciencesEmil‐Figge‐Str. 44DortmundGermanyD‐44227
| | - Catherine M Crespi
- University of California Los AngelesBiostatisticsFielding School of Public Health650 Charles Young Drive South, A2‐125 CHS, Box 95690090095‐6900USALos Angeles
| | - Marcel Zwahlen
- University of BernInstitute of Social and Preventive MedicineFinkelhubelweg11BernSwitzerland3012
| | - Maree Brinkman
- Cancer Council VictoriaCancer Epidemiology Centre615 St Kilda RdMelbourneAustralia3004
| | | | - Markus Horneber
- Paracelsus Medical University, Klinikum NurembergDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology and HematologyProf.‐Ernst‐Nathan‐Str. 1NurembergGermanyD‐90419
| | - Roberto D'Amico
- University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaItalian Cochrane Centre, Department of Diagnostic, Clinical and Public Health MedicineVia del Pozzo 71ModenaItaly41124
| | - Cinzia Del Giovane
- University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaItalian Cochrane Centre, Department of Diagnostic, Clinical and Public Health MedicineVia del Pozzo 71ModenaItaly41124
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Selenium fortification of an Italian rice cultivar via foliar fertilization with sodium selenate and its effects on human serum selenium levels and on erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity. Nutrients 2014; 6:1251-61. [PMID: 24667132 PMCID: PMC3967191 DOI: 10.3390/nu6031251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium food fortification could be a cost-effective strategy to counteract the inadequacy of selenium intake among the Italian population. In this study, the effect of foliar fertilization with sodium selenate of an Italian rice cultivar and the increase of serum selenium and of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity after intake of fortified rice, have been evaluated. The effect of foliar fertilization with sodium selenate (50 g Se/ha) vs. water was studied. Moreover, in a randomized, double-blind study, 10 healthy women supplemented their usual diet with a daily dose of 80 g of Se-enriched-rice and 10 matched-women with 80 g of regular rice. Before, after 5 and 20 days of supplementation, serum Se and GPx-activity were evaluated. The mean selenium content in Se-enriched-rice was 1.64 ± 0.28 μg/g, while in regular rice it was 0.36 ± 0.15 μg/g (p < 0.001). A significant increase of serum Se and GPx-activity was observed only in the intervention group and only after 20 days. The results show that selenium fortification of rice can be achieved with foliar fertilization with sodium selenate and that the 20 days intake of this Se-enriched-rice increases the serum selenium levels and GPx-activity.
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Rigby MC, Lemly AD, Gerads R. Fish toxicity testing with selenomethionine spiked feed--what's the real question being asked? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2014; 16:511-517. [PMID: 24473081 DOI: 10.1039/c3em00612c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The US Environmental Protection Agency and several U.S. states and Canadian provinces are currently developing national water quality criteria for selenium that are based in part on toxicity tests performed by feeding freshwater fish a selenomethionine-spiked diet. Using only selenomethionine to examine the toxicity of selenium is based in part on the limitations of the analytical chemistry methods commonly used in the 1990s and 2000s to speciate selenium in freshwater biota. While these methods provided a good starting point, recent improvements in analytical chemistry methodology have demonstrated that selenium speciation in biota is far more complex than originally thought. Here, we review the recent literature that suggests that there are numerous additional selenium species present in freshwater food chains and that the toxicities of these other selenium species, both individually and in combination, have not been evaluated in freshwater fishes. Evidence from studies on birds and mammals suggests that the other selenium forms differ in their metabolic pathways and toxicity from selenomethionine. Therefore, we conclude that toxicity testing using selenomethionine-spiked feed is only partly addressing the question "what is the toxicity of selenium to freshwater fishes?" and that using the results of these experiments to derive freshwater quality criteria may lead to biased water quality criteria. We also discuss additional studies that are needed in order to derive a more ecologically relevant freshwater quality criterion for selenium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Rigby
- Parsons, 10235 South Jordan Gateway, Suite 300, South Jordan, Utah 84095, USA.
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Weekley CM, Shanu A, Aitken JB, Vogt S, Witting PK, Harris HH. XAS and XFM studies of selenium and copper speciation and distribution in the kidneys of selenite-supplemented rats. Metallomics 2014; 6:1602-15. [DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00088a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Se and Cu were colocalised in the kidneys of selenite-fed rats, but there was no evidence of Se–Cu bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M. Weekley
- School of Chemistry and Physics
- The University of Adelaide
- , Australia
| | - Anu Shanu
- The Discipline of Pathology
- The University of Sydney
- , Australia
| | | | - Stefan Vogt
- X-Ray Science Division
- Advanced Photon Source
- Argonne National Laboratory
- Lemont, USA
| | - Paul K. Witting
- The Discipline of Pathology
- The University of Sydney
- , Australia
| | - Hugh H. Harris
- School of Chemistry and Physics
- The University of Adelaide
- , Australia
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Loeschner K, Hadrup N, Hansen M, Pereira SA, Gammelgaard B, Møller LH, Mortensen A, Lam HR, Larsen EH. Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of selenium following oral administration of elemental selenium nanoparticles or selenite in rats. Metallomics 2014; 6:330-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c3mt00309d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Vinceti M, Mandrioli J, Borella P, Michalke B, Tsatsakis A, Finkelstein Y. Selenium neurotoxicity in humans: bridging laboratory and epidemiologic studies. Toxicol Lett 2013; 230:295-303. [PMID: 24269718 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Selenium is a metalloid of considerable interest in the human from both a toxicological and a nutritional perspective, with a very narrow safe range of intake. Acute selenium intoxication is followed by adverse effects on the nervous system with special clinical relevance, while the neurotoxicity of long-term overexposure is less characterized and recognized. We aimed to address this issue from a public health perspective, focusing on both laboratory studies and the few epidemiologic human studies available, with emphasis on their methodological strengths and limitations. The frequently overlooked differences in toxicity and biological activity of selenium compounds are also outlined. In addition to lethargy, dizziness, motor weakness and paresthesias, an excess risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is the effect on the nervous system which has been more consistently associated with chronic low-level selenium overexposure, particularly to its inorganic compounds. Additional research efforts are needed to better elucidate the neurotoxic effects exerted by selenium overexposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Vinceti
- Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Department of Diagnostic, Clinical and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Trace Element Institute for Unesco Satellite Center, Department of Diagnostic, Clinical and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| | - Jessica Mandrioli
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia and Local Health Unit of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Paola Borella
- Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Department of Diagnostic, Clinical and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Trace Element Institute for Unesco Satellite Center, Department of Diagnostic, Clinical and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Bernhard Michalke
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Munich, Germany
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Yoram Finkelstein
- Neurology and Toxicology Service and Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Brandt-Kjelsen A, Govasmark E, Haug A, Salbu B. Turnover of Se in adequately fed chickens using Se-75 as a tracer. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2013; 98:547-58. [PMID: 24033565 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic selenium (Se) in the form of selenite is applied to livestock to avoid Se deficiency. Selenite is, however, an artificial Se source in diets of unsupplemented chickens. It is therefore hypothesized that organic Se sources, such as Se-enriched yeast and wheat, could be a more suitable Se supply in animal nutrition, although information on the transition of Se from organic Se sources in fast-growing chickens is scarce. In this work, chickens were fed a low Se diet (0.27 ± 0.01 mg Se/kg, Se-enriched yeast) until 20 days of age, after which the Se concentration was increased to maximum concentration allowed by the poultry industry in Europe (0.5 p.p.m. Se). At the same time, a daily contribution of carrier-free (75)Se tracer from labelled wheat was administered from day 20 to 27. The chickens showed S and Se homeostasis, as the concentration of S and Se in liver, blood or kidney remained about constant, and steady state of S and Se in the other organs was reached 1 day after the diet shift. The uptake of (75)Se was readily seen in all organs. After 1 week, the depuration of the (75)Se tracer was followed, and biological half-lives and retention in individual organs were determined. The shortest biological half-lives were observed in major metabolic organs, the liver, kidney and pancreas with half-lives close to 4 days. There was a significant (p < 0.05) uptake in lung, brain and muscle that reached steady state when the administration of (75)Se was terminated. The half-life of (75)Se in heart was 9 days and 7 days in blood. The longest half-lives were observed in muscle (12 days), brain and lungs (13 days). All half-lives were shorter than in Se deplete animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Brandt-Kjelsen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway
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Weekley CM, Aitken JB, Finney L, Vogt S, Witting PK, Harris HH. Selenium metabolism in cancer cells: the combined application of XAS and XFM techniques to the problem of selenium speciation in biological systems. Nutrients 2013; 5:1734-56. [PMID: 23698165 PMCID: PMC3708347 DOI: 10.3390/nu5051734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Determining the speciation of selenium in vivo is crucial to understanding the biological activity of this essential element, which is a popular dietary supplement due to its anti-cancer properties. Hyphenated techniques that combine separation and detection methods are traditionally and effectively used in selenium speciation analysis, but require extensive sample preparation that may affect speciation. Synchrotron-based X-ray absorption and fluorescence techniques offer an alternative approach to selenium speciation analysis that requires minimal sample preparation. We present a brief summary of some key HPLC-ICP-MS and ESI-MS/MS studies of the speciation of selenium in cells and rat tissues. We review the results of a top-down approach to selenium speciation in human lung cancer cells that aims to link the speciation and distribution of selenium to its biological activity using a combination of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM). The results of this approach highlight the distinct fates of selenomethionine, methylselenocysteine and selenite in terms of their speciation and distribution within cells: organic selenium metabolites were widely distributed throughout the cells, whereas inorganic selenium metabolites were compartmentalized and associated with copper. New data from the XFM mapping of electrophoretically-separated cell lysates show the distribution of selenium in the proteins of selenomethionine-treated cells. Future applications of this top-down approach are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M. Weekley
- School of Chemistry and Physics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; E-Mail:
| | - Jade B. Aitken
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; E-Mail:
| | - Lydia Finney
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA; E-Mails: (L.F.); (S.V.)
- Biosciences Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Stefan Vogt
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA; E-Mails: (L.F.); (S.V.)
| | - Paul K. Witting
- The Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; E-Mail:
| | - Hugh H. Harris
- School of Chemistry and Physics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +61-08-8313-5060; Fax: +61-08-8313-4358
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Bera S, Rosa VD, Rachidi W, Diamond AM. Does a role for selenium in DNA damage repair explain apparent controversies in its use in chemoprevention? Mutagenesis 2013; 28:127-34. [PMID: 23204505 PMCID: PMC3570792 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/ges064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The trace element selenium is an essential micronutrient that has received considerable attention for its potential use in the prevention of cancer. In spite of this interest, the mechanism(s) by which selenium might function as a chemopreventive remain to be determined. Considerable experimental evidence indicates that one possible mechanism by which selenium supplementation may exert its benefits is by enhancing the DNA damage repair response, and this includes data obtained using cultured cells, animal models as well as in human clinical studies. In these studies, selenium supplementation has been shown to be beneficial in reducing the frequency of DNA adducts and chromosome breaks, consequentially reducing the likelihood of detrimental mutations that ultimately contribute to carcinogenesis. The benefits of selenium can be envisioned as being due, at least in part, to it being a critical constituent of selenoproteins such as glutathione peroxidases and thioredoxin reductases, proteins that play important roles in antioxidant defence and maintaining the cellular reducing environment. Selenium, therefore, may be protective by preventing DNA damage from occurring as well as by increasing the activity of repair enzymes such as DNA glycosylases and DNA damage repair pathways that involve p53, BRCA1 and Gadd45. An improved understanding of the mechanism of selenium's impact on DNA repair processes may help to resolve the apparently contradicting data obtained from decades of animal work, human epidemiology and more recently, clinical supplementation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Bera
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA and
| | - Viviana De Rosa
- Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble 1, CEA, INAC, SCIB, Laboratoire Lésions des Acides Nucléiques, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France,
- Present address: Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, Via De Amicis 95 Naples, Italy
| | - Walid Rachidi
- Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble 1, CEA, INAC, SCIB, Laboratoire Lésions des Acides Nucléiques, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France,
| | - Alan M. Diamond
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA and
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Weekley CM, Harris HH. Which form is that? The importance of selenium speciation and metabolism in the prevention and treatment of disease. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:8870-94. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60272a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 371] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Ogra Y, Katayama A, Ogihara Y, Yawata A, Anan Y. Analysis of animal and plant selenometabolites in roots of a selenium accumulator, Brassica rapa var. peruviridis, by speciation. Metallomics 2013; 5:429-36. [DOI: 10.1039/c2mt20187a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Dernovics M, Vass A, Németh A, Magyar A. Synthesis and application of a Sec2-containing oligopeptide for method evaluation purposes in selenium speciation. Talanta 2012; 99:186-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Gudmundsdottir EY, Gunnarsdottir I, Thorlacius A, Reykdal O, Gunnlaugsdottir H, Thorsdottir I, Steingrimsdottir L. Blood selenium levels and contribution of food groups to selenium intake in adolescent girls in Iceland. Food Nutr Res 2012; 56:18476. [PMID: 22952457 PMCID: PMC3432477 DOI: 10.3402/fnr.v56i0.18476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 08/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Significant changes have been reported in dietary habits and food availability in Iceland that would be expected to compromise selenium intake and status, especially among young people. These include substantial decreases in the consumption of fish and milk, as well as the selenium content of imported wheat. The aim of this study was to assess selenium in the diet and whole blood of adolescent girls, as well as define the most important foods contributing to intake and blood concentrations of selenium. DESIGN The subjects were 96 randomly selected girls, aged 16-20, who answered a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for dietary assessment. Selenium intake from each food group was calculated in µg/day. Blood samples were collected for measurement of whole blood selenium. RESULTS Mean dietary selenium was 51±25 µg/day. Milk/dairy products, including cheese, contributed 36±14% of total dietary selenium; fish 18±12%; and bread/cereal products 13±6%. Mean whole blood selenium was 117±12 µg/l (range 90-208); nearly 90% of subjects were above the optimal level of 100 µg/l. Fish and bread/cereal products were the only foods significantly correlated with selenium in blood (r=0.32; P=0.002 and r=0.22; P=0.04, respectively) while no correlation was found with milk and dairy products in spite of their greater contribution to total selenium intake. CONCLUSION In this population of Icelandic adolescent girls, selenium intake and status seem acceptable. Judging from associations between intake and blood levels, fish and cereals may be the most important contributors to blood selenium.
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Lunøe K, Martínez-Sierra JG, Gammelgaard B, Alonso JIG. Internal correction of spectral interferences and mass bias for selenium metabolism studies using enriched stable isotopes in combination with multiple linear regression. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 402:2749-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-5747-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Revised: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Gammelgaard B, Rasmussen LH, Gabel-Jensen C, Steffansen B. Estimating intestinal absorption of inorganic and organic selenium compounds by in vitro flux and biotransformation studies in Caco-2 cells and ICP-MS detection. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 145:248-56. [PMID: 21863324 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-011-9174-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to compare and estimate absorption and biotransformation of selected selenium compounds by studying their fluxes across Caco-2 cells. Five different selenium compounds, selenomethionine (SeMet), Se-methylselenocysteine (MeSeCys), selenate, selenite, and methylseleninic acid (MeSeA), were applied to Caco-2 cells in a concentration of 10 μM, and fluxes in both directions were studied for 2 h. Fluxes of selenite and MeSeA in the presence of excess reduced glutathione (selenite + GSH and MeSeA + GSH) and flux of MeSeA in the presence of excess cysteine (MeSeA + Cys) were also studied. Selenium absorptive and exsorptive fluxes and accumulation in cell cytosol were analyzed by means of flow injection inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Absorptive flux of SeMet, MeSeCys, and selenate showed values correlating to complete in vivo absorption, while selenite and MeSeA fluxes correlated to poor in vivo absorption. Speciation analysis of cell lysate and donor and receptor solutions by LC-ICP-MS showed limited transformation of all selenium compounds. Extensive transformation as well as significantly increased absorptive flux was observed when co-administering selenite with glutathione compared to administering selenite alone. These observations are possibly due to formation of selenodiglutathione (GS-Se-SG) which may be absorbed differently than selenite. Concomitant application of GSH or cysteine with MeSeA resulted in extensive transformation of MeSeA, including volatile species, whereas no significant increases in fluxes were observed. In summary, the absorption of selenite selenate and the selenoamino acids is considered complete under physiological conditions, but the absorption mechanisms and metabolism of the compounds are different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bente Gammelgaard
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Analytical Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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50
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasumitsu Ogra
- Laboratory of Chemical Toxicology and Environmental Health, Showa Pharmaceutical University
- High Technology Research Center, Showa Pharmaceutical University
| | - Yasumi Anan
- Laboratory of Chemical Toxicology and Environmental Health, Showa Pharmaceutical University
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