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Zhang Z, Zhang Q, Xi Y, Zhou Y, Zhan M. Establishment of a headspace-thermal desorption and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method (HS-TD-GC-MS) for simultaneous detection of 51 volatile organic compounds in human urine: Application in occupational exposure assessment. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1722:464863. [PMID: 38626538 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a group of ubiquitous environment pollutants especially released into the workplace. Assessment of VOCs exposure in occupational populations is therefore a crucial issue for occupational health. However, simultaneous biomonitoring of a variety of VOCs is less studied. In this study, a simple and sensitive method was developed for the simultaneous determination of 51 prototype VOCs in urine by headspace-thermal desorption coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-TD-GC-MS). The urinary sample was pretreated with only adding 0.50 g of sodium chloride to 2 mL of urine and 51 VOCs should be determined with limits of detection (LODs) between 13.6 ng/L and 24.5 ng/L. The method linearity ranged from 0.005 to 10 μg/L with correlation coefficients (r) of 0.991 to 0.999. The precision for intraday and inter-day, measured by the variation coefficient (CV) at three levels of concentration, was below 15 %, except for 4-isopropyl toluene, dichloromethane, and trichloromethane at low concentration. For medium and high levels, recoveries of all target VOCs were within the standard range, but 1,1-dichloropropene and styrene, which were slightly under 80 % at low levels. In addition, the proposed method has been used to determine urine samples collected in three times (before, during and after working) from 152 workers at four different factories. 41 types of prototype VOCs were detected in workers urine. Significant differences (Kruskal-Wallis chi-squared = 117.18, df = 1, P < 0.05) in the concentration levels of VOCs between the exposed and unexposed groups were observed, but not between the three sampling times (Kruskal-Wallis chi-squared = 3.39, df = 2, P = 0.183). The present study provides an alternative method for biomonitoring and assessing mixed exposures to VOCs in occupational populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongheng Zhang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Pudong New Area for Disease Control and Prevention, Fudan University Pudong Institute of Preventive Medicine, 200136, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Xi
- Pudong New Area for Disease Control and Prevention, Fudan University Pudong Institute of Preventive Medicine, 200136, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ming Zhan
- Pudong New Area for Disease Control and Prevention, Fudan University Pudong Institute of Preventive Medicine, 200136, Shanghai, China.
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2
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Tabbal S, El Aroussi B, Bouchard M, Marchand G, Haddad S. A new headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous quantification of 21 microbial volatile organic compounds in urine and blood. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 296:133901. [PMID: 35143866 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mold growth can cause the development of several metabolites including microbial volatile organic compounds (mVOCs). These latter may be considered as potential biomarkers of fungal presence and have been detected in human biological matrices such as urine and blood. Exposure to molds and their metabolites (e.g., mVOCs, mycotoxins) in occupational settings, is responsible for several health effects. Thus, this exposure cannot be neglected and must be evaluated. Herein, a method has been developed to quantify 21 mVOCs in urine and human blood by headspace solid phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The parameters influencing the extraction process, such as the type of fiber, the incubation and extraction time and temperature and the desorption time, have been optimized to ensure better mVOCs extraction. The developed method showed good linearity over the concentration range of the compounds (R2 ˃ 0.995) for all the mVOCs in all the matrices. The low limits of detection (LOD) ranging from 0.7 to 417 ng/L in urine and from 1 to 507 ng/L in blood, make the developed methods sensitive and effective for biomonitoring of exposure at low levels. Recoveries, at low and high concentrations, were between 87% and 120% in urine and between 83% and 118% in blood. The repeatability and the intermediate precision in terms of coefficients of variation (CV%) was lower than 13% and 8.58% respectively for all compounds in all matrices. These values show satisfactory accuracy and precision of the developed method. Thus, this practical, simple, and sensitive method is well suited for the simultaneous quantification of target mVOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Tabbal
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health (DSEST), University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Centre de recherche en santé publique (CReSP), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Badr El Aroussi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health (DSEST), University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Centre de recherche en santé publique (CReSP), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Michèle Bouchard
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health (DSEST), University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Centre de recherche en santé publique (CReSP), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Geneviève Marchand
- Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail (IRSST), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sami Haddad
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health (DSEST), University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Centre de recherche en santé publique (CReSP), Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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Rafiee A, Delgado-Saborit JM, Sly PD, Amiri H, Hoseini M. Exploring urinary biomarkers to assess oxidative DNA damage resulting from BTEX exposure in street children. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 203:111725. [PMID: 34302825 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Children are highly susceptible to environmental contaminants as their physiology and some metabolic pathways differ from adults. The present cross-sectional study aimed to assess whether exposure to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o,p-xylene, and m-xylene (BTEX) affects oxidative DNA damage in street children using a biomonitoring approach. Thirty-five boys (7-13 years of age), exposed by working at a busy intersection, and 25 unexposed boys of similar age and living in the neighborhood near the busy intersection were recruited. Urinary un-metabolized BTEX levels were quantified by a headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Urinary malonaldehyde (MDA) was measured with spectrophotometry. Sociodemographic and lifestyle conditions information was collected by interviews using administered questionnaires. Exposed subjects provided urine before (BE) and after work exposure (AE), while unexposed boys gave a single morning sample. Urinary BTEX concentrations in BE samples were similar to unexposed. Concentrations in AE samples were 2.36-fold higher than observed in BE samples (p < 0.05) and higher than those in the unexposed group (p < 0.05). In addition, urinary MDA levels in AE samples were 3.2 and 3.07-times higher than in BE samples and in the unexposed group (p < 0.05). Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) increased urinary BTEX and MDA levels in both groups. Our findings confirm that street children working at busy intersections are significantly exposed to BTEX, which is associated with oxidative stress. Implementing protective measures is crucial to reduce exposure and to improve health outcomes in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ata Rafiee
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Juana Maria Delgado-Saborit
- Universitat Jaume I, Perinatal Epidemiology, Environmental Health and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, Castellon, Spain; ISGlobal Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain; Environmental Research Group, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Division of Environmental Health & Risk Management, School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Peter D Sly
- Children's Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Center, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Hoda Amiri
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hoseini
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Vehicular influence on atmospheric concentrations and source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in some major cities in three regions of Ghana using epiphytic lichens. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:1691-1699. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Antonucci A, Protano C, Astolfi ML, Mattei V, Santilli F, Martellucci S, Vitali M. Exposure Profile to Traffic Related Pollution in Pediatric Age: A Biomonitoring Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph181910118. [PMID: 34639421 PMCID: PMC8508276 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to trace an exposure profile to traffic-derived pollution during pediatric age. For this purpose, two biomonitoring campaigns for the determination of urinary (u-) methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE), tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME), and diisopropyl ether (DIPE) were carried out in two different periods of the year (summer 2017 and winter 2018), among a large sample of healthy children (n = 736; 5–11 years old) living in rural and urban areas in central Italy. The quantification of u-MTBE, u-ETBE, u-TAME, and u-DIPE was performed by HS-SPME-GC/MS technique and information on participants was collected by a questionnaire. u-DIPE concentrations resulted always under the LOQ. u-TAME mean levels were similar in both seasons (18.7 ng L−1 in summer vs. 18.9 ng L−1 in winter), while u-MTBE and u-ETBE levels were, respectively, 69.9 and 423.5 ng L−1 (summer) and 53.3 and 66.2 ng L−1 (winter). Main predictors of urinary excretion resulted the time spent in motor vehicles, being male and younger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Antonucci
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.A.); (M.V.)
| | - Carmela Protano
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.A.); (M.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Vincenzo Mattei
- Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, Sabina Universitas, 02100 Rieti, Italy; (V.M.); (F.S.); (S.M.)
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Santilli
- Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, Sabina Universitas, 02100 Rieti, Italy; (V.M.); (F.S.); (S.M.)
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Martellucci
- Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, Sabina Universitas, 02100 Rieti, Italy; (V.M.); (F.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Matteo Vitali
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.A.); (M.V.)
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6
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Kim U, Karthikraj R. Solid‐phase microextraction for the human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals: Current applications and future perspectives. J Sep Sci 2020; 44:247-273. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Un‐Jung Kim
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences University of Texas at Arlington Arlington Texas USA
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7
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Orru H, Viitak A, Herodes K, Veber T, Lukk M. Human Biomonitoring in the Oil Shale Industry Area in Estonia-Overview of Earlier Programmes and Future Perspectives. Front Public Health 2020; 8:582114. [PMID: 33282816 PMCID: PMC7689261 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.582114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ida-Viru County, in Eastern Estonia, features industrially contaminated sites–where oil shale has been mined and used for electricity generation, and shale oil extraction. Higher prevalence of respiratory and cardiovascular disease has been found in the region due to high quantities of air pollution. Within the framework of “Studies of the health impact of the oil shale sector—SOHOS,” this analysis aimed to map earlier human biomonitoring (HBM) studies and identify the suitable biomarkers for upcoming HBM in Estonia. Altogether, three studies have been conducted among residents: first, among adults in the 1980's; second, among children in the 1990's; and third, among employees, with a focus on workers and miners in the oil shale chemistry industry in the late 1990's and 2000's. In some of those studies, increased levels of biomarkers in blood and urine (heavy metals, 1-OHP) have appeared; nevertheless, in last 20 years, there has been no population-wide HBM in Estonia. According to air pollution monitoring and emission analysis, the pollutants of concern are benzene, PM10, PM2.5, and PAHs. In general, there is a decreasing trend in air pollutant levels, with the exception of a slight increase in 2018. One of the aims of HBM is to be analyzed if this trend can be identified in HBM, using similar biomarkers as applied earlier. The future perspective HBM could be divided into two Tiers. Tier 1 should focus on exposure biomarkers as heavy metals, PAH, and BTEX metabolites and Tier 2, in later stage, on effect biomarkers as Ox LDL, TBARS, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Orru
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Anu Viitak
- Department of Chemistry, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Koit Herodes
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Triin Veber
- Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Protano C, Astolfi ML, Marconi E, Antonucci A, Canepari S, Piamonti D, Brunori M, Vitali M. Occupational Exposure Assessment of Major and Trace Elements in Human Scalp Hair Among a Group of Eritrean Workers. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 197:89-100. [PMID: 31792772 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01988-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate occupational exposure to 40 elements among a group of Eritrean adults employed at the Medeber metal market by analysing human scalp hair samples and by investigating the role of some predictors (gender, age, and body mass index-BMI) on their levels. Scalp hair samples were collected from 60 subjects (32 subjects working at the Medeber metal market and 28 subjects not working at Medeber and not employed in other industrial or artisanal activities) and were analysed through inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to determine the contents of 40 major and trace elements. Information on participants was collected via questionnaire. Significant differences were found in the hair levels of certain elements between subjects working at the Medeber metal market and subjects not exposed. In particular, working at the Medeber metal market increased hair levels of Be, B, Cu, Zn, Mo, Cd, Sb, Tl, Pb, and Fe from 25 to 100%, while reduced Na, K, and Rb levels from 30 to 50%. With multivariate adjustment for age, gender, and BMI, the results confirm that working at Medeber significantly increased the hair levels of Cu, Zn, Sb, Pb, and Fe. This finding reveals the need for more accurate and routine biomonitoring surveys and the necessity of health promotion campaigns both for local decision-makers and workers to increase health promotion and safety in this workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Protano
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Disease, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Astolfi
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Marconi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Disease, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Antonucci
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Disease, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Canepari
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniel Piamonti
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrology, Anaesthesiology and Geriatric Science, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Brunori
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrology, Anaesthesiology and Geriatric Science, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Vitali
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Disease, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185, Rome, Italy.
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Antonucci A, Vitali M, Martellucci S, Mattei V, Protano C. A Cross-Sectional Study on Benzene Exposure in Pediatric Age and Parental Smoking Habits at Home. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E5469. [PMID: 32751222 PMCID: PMC7432498 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
After the introduction of the smoke-free legislation, household smoking has become the major source of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure for children. In our previous research, we found a strong association between urinary unmodified benzene (u-UB) levels and passive smoking exposure related to the home smoking policies (HSP). The aim of the study is to further investigate the impacts of several factors on ETS-exposure in childhood by using u-UB as tobacco-related carcinogen biomarker of exposure. Two cross-sectional studies were performed on the same target population of our previous research, in summer and winter season of the years 2017 and 2018, respectively. A questionnaire and a head space-solid phase micro-extraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS) analytical method were used as investigative procedures. The improvement found in smoking habits, when compared to our previous surveys, reduced the levels of u-UB in children. However, significant differences related to the high number of smokers and smoked cigarettes, in total and at home, still persist. These differences are more relevant in the winter season. Finally, the only effective way for making homes completely smokefree is to develop public health policies for encouraging people to quit or drastically reduce smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Antonucci
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.V.); (C.P.)
| | - Matteo Vitali
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.V.); (C.P.)
| | - Stefano Martellucci
- Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, “Sabina Universitas”, 02100 Rieti, Italy; (S.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Mattei
- Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, “Sabina Universitas”, 02100 Rieti, Italy; (S.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Carmela Protano
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.V.); (C.P.)
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10
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Recent Applications and Newly Developed Strategies of Solid-Phase Microextraction in Contaminant Analysis: Through the Environment to Humans. SEPARATIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/separations6040054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The present review aims to describe the recent and most impactful applications in pollutant analysis using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) technology in environmental, food, and bio-clinical analysis. The covered papers were published in the last 5 years (2014–2019) thus providing the reader with information about the current state-of-the-art and the future potential directions of the research in pollutant monitoring using SPME. To this end, we revised the studies focused on the investigation of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), pesticides, and emerging pollutants (EPs) including personal care products (PPCPs), in different environmental, food, and bio-clinical matrices. We especially emphasized the role that SPME is having in contaminant surveys following the path that goes from the environment to humans passing through the food web. Besides, this review covers the last technological developments encompassing the use of novel extraction coatings (e.g., metal-organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, PDMS-overcoated fiber), geometries (e.g., Arrow-SPME, multiple monolithic fiber-SPME), approaches (e.g., vacuum and cold fiber SPME), and on-site devices. The applications of SPME hyphenated with ambient mass spectrometry have also been described.
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Vitali M, Antonucci A, Owczarek M, Guidotti M, Astolfi ML, Manigrasso M, Avino P, Bhattacharya B, Protano C. Air quality assessment in different environmental scenarios by the determination of typical heavy metals and Persistent Organic Pollutants in native lichen Xanthoria parietina. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 254:113013. [PMID: 31415978 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The study was aimed to evaluate the ability of native lichen Xanthoria (X.) parietina to biomonitor and bioaccumulate some heavy metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb), PAHs, PCDDs, PCDFs, PCBs and PBDEs and to evaluate the use of the native X. parietina as a multi-tracer tool for scenarios characterized by different anthropogenic pressures. Samples of native X. parietina were collected in six different sites (two green, two residential and two industrial areas, respectively) and analyzed for the target compounds. The results show that X. parietina was a useful tool for the biomonitoring of air quality in the selected areas, and was able to bioaccumulate all the studied metals and POPs. In particular, the total concentrations dry weight (dw) ranged between 8.1 and 103.4 mg kg-1 for metals, from 113 × 103 to 183 × 103 ng kg-1 for PAHs, from 868 to 7685 ng kg-1 for PCBs, from 14.3 to 113.8 ng kg-1 for PCDDs/Fs (∑TEq = 0.9-7.1), and from 194 to 554 ng kg-1 for PBDEs. Besides, in general, the levels of analytes recovered in the different samples of lichen show an increasing trend from green to industrial sites, especially for PCBs (mean values equal to 1218, 4253 and 7192 ng kg-1 respectively for green, residential and industrial areas). The statistical approach, based on Pearson's correlation and principal component analysis tests, showed that one of the industrial sites was well-separated from the others, that resulted grouped due to some similarities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Vitali
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, p.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Antonucci
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, p.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Malgorzata Owczarek
- Arpa Lazio, Regional Agency for Environmental Protection, Sede di Rieti, via Salaria per l'Aquila 8, I-02100 Rieti, Italy
| | - Maurizio Guidotti
- Arpa Lazio, Regional Agency for Environmental Protection, Sede di Rieti, via Salaria per l'Aquila 8, I-02100 Rieti, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Astolfi
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Manigrasso
- Department of Technological Innovations, INAIL, via IV Novembre 144, I-00187 Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Avino
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences (DiAAA), University of Molise, via De Sanctis, I-86100 Campobasso, Italy; Institute of Ecotoxicology & Environmental Sciences, In-700156 Kolkata, India
| | - Badal Bhattacharya
- Institute of Ecotoxicology & Environmental Sciences, In-700156 Kolkata, India
| | - Carmela Protano
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, p.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
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12
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Campanella L, Angeloni R, Cibin F, Dell'Aglio E, Grimaldi F, Reale R, Vitali M. Capsulated essential oil in gel spheres for the protection of cellulosic cultural heritage. Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:116-123. [PMID: 31140311 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1616726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we present a possible application of cinnamon essential oil to be encapsulated into gel drops of psyllium and of psyllium-alginate mixtures and to be released by the beads. It could act as green biocide for the protection of antique books, old documents and, generally, of any cellulosic material (paper, wood, textiles) object of cultural interest from biological attack. The components of the cinnamon essential oil, released by alginate, psyllium-alginate and purified psyllium-alginate beads, were determined by GC-MS analysis. Moreover, an evaluation of the cinnamon essential oil release during the time was carried out by in time HS-SPME-GS-MS so to obtain in time semi-quantitative information about the emitted gaseous species. Last by, in order to confirm the ability of the beads to perform an antimicrobial action, respirometric tests were carried out on Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells looking at the reduction of their breathing activity, when in presence of the above beads.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Campanella
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - R Angeloni
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - F Cibin
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - E Dell'Aglio
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - F Grimaldi
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - R Reale
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - M Vitali
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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Barros N, Carvalho M, Silva C, Fontes T, Prata JC, Sousa A, Manso MC. Environmental and biological monitoring of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) exposure in residents living near gas stations. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2019; 82:550-563. [PMID: 31266404 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2019.1634380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The volatile organic compounds benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) are emitted into the atmosphere at gas stations (GS) leading to chronic exposure of nearby residents, which raises public health concerns. This study aimes at determining the contribution of GS emissions to BTEX exposure in nearby residents. Three Control and Exposed areas to BTEX emissions from GS were defined in a medium-sized European city (Porto, Portugal). BTEX atmospheric levels were determined in Control and Exposed areas using passive samplers deployed outdoors (n = 48) and indoors (n = 36), and human exposure was estimated for 119 non-smoking residents using the first urine of the day. Results showed that median BTEX outdoor and indoor concentrations were significantly higher for Exposed than Control areas, with exception of ethylbenzene and xylene indoor concentrations, where no marked differences were found. Comparison of urinary concentrations between Exposed and Control residents demonstrated no significant differences for benzene and ethylbenzene, whereas levels of toluene and xylene were significantly higher in Exposed residents. No marked correlation was obtained between atmospheric BTEX concentrations and urinary concentrations. Data indicate the potential impact on air quality of BTEX emissions from GS, which confirms the importance of these findings in urban planning in order to minimize the impact on health and well-being of surrounding populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Barros
- a FP-ENAS - UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit, University Fernando Pessoa , Porto , Portugal
- b Science and Technology Faculty, University Fernando Pessoa , Porto , Portugal
| | - Márcia Carvalho
- a FP-ENAS - UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit, University Fernando Pessoa , Porto , Portugal
- c UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
- d Health Sciences Faculty, University Fernando Pessoa , Porto , Portugal
| | - Cláudia Silva
- a FP-ENAS - UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit, University Fernando Pessoa , Porto , Portugal
- d Health Sciences Faculty, University Fernando Pessoa , Porto , Portugal
| | - Tânia Fontes
- e INESC TEC - INESC Technology and Science , Porto , Portugal
| | - Joana C Prata
- a FP-ENAS - UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit, University Fernando Pessoa , Porto , Portugal
- f Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro , Aveiro , Portugal
| | - André Sousa
- a FP-ENAS - UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit, University Fernando Pessoa , Porto , Portugal
| | - M Conceição Manso
- a FP-ENAS - UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit, University Fernando Pessoa , Porto , Portugal
- d Health Sciences Faculty, University Fernando Pessoa , Porto , Portugal
- g LAQV-REQUIMTE, University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
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Ajdari B, Nassiri M, Zahedi MM, Ziyaadini M. Determination of phthalate esters in seawater of Chabahar Bay using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with GC-FID. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2018; 77:1782-1790. [PMID: 29676735 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2017.625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Phthalate esters (PEs), a group of environmental pollutants which are possibly carcinogenic to humans, have been detected in seawater. Seven PEs in seawater were quantitatively determined by using gas-chromatography flame ionizing detection after executing dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction. The suggested method is optimized for microextraction and determination of PEs in artificial sea water. Factors affecting the microextraction procedure such as the type and volume of extracting and dispersive solvents (carbon tetrachloride, 20 μL; methanol, 0.5 mL), extraction time and pH (7) were investigated. Under optimum conditions, the limit of detection of the analytes were obtained between 0.04 and 4.52 μg·L-1, and linearity and linear range were of 0.999 ≥ R2 ≥ 0.994 and 10-560 μg·L-1 respectively. Enrichment factors were found in the range of 761-827 fold, while the relative standard deviations of the analytes were between 0.17 and 7.5% (n = 6) for real sea water samples. Using this method, total PEs content of seawater from several locations in Chabahar Bay (the southeast part of Iran) was estimated 2.33-90.45 μg·L-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beheshteh Ajdari
- Department of Marine Chemistry, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Chabahar Maritime University, P. O. Box: 99717-56499, Chabahar, Iran E-mail:
| | - Mahmoud Nassiri
- Department of Marine Chemistry, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Chabahar Maritime University, P. O. Box: 99717-56499, Chabahar, Iran E-mail:
| | - Mir Mahdi Zahedi
- Department of Marine Chemistry, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Chabahar Maritime University, P. O. Box: 99717-56499, Chabahar, Iran E-mail:
| | - Morteza Ziyaadini
- Department of Marine Chemistry, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Chabahar Maritime University, P. O. Box: 99717-56499, Chabahar, Iran E-mail:
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15
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Reyes-Garcés N, Gionfriddo E, Gómez-Ríos GA, Alam MN, Boyacı E, Bojko B, Singh V, Grandy J, Pawliszyn J. Advances in Solid Phase Microextraction and Perspective on Future Directions. Anal Chem 2017; 90:302-360. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 402] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Md. Nazmul Alam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Ezel Boyacı
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Barbara Bojko
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Varoon Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Jonathan Grandy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
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16
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Pruneda-Alvarez LG, Ruíz-Vera T, Ochoa-Martínez AC, Pérez-Maldonado IN. Urinary trans-trans muconic acid (exposure biomarker to benzene) and hippuric acid (exposure biomarker to toluene) concentrations in Mexican women living in high-risk scenarios of air pollution. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2017; 72:351-358. [PMID: 27982738 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2016.1272539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine t,t-muconic acid (t,t-MA; exposure biomarker for benzene) and hippuric acid (HA; exposure biomarker for toluene) concentrations in the urine of women living in Mexico. In a cross-sectional study, apparently healthy women (n = 104) were voluntarily recruited from localities with a high risk of air pollution; t,t-MA and HA in urine were quantified using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique. Mean urinary levels of t,t-MA ranged from 680 to 1,310 μg/g creatinine. Mean values of HA ranged from 0.38 to 0.87 g/g creatinine. In conclusion, compared to data recently reported in literature, we found high urinary levels of t,t-MA and HA in assessed women participating in this study. We therefore deem the implementation of a strategy aimed at the reduction of exposure as a necessary measure for the evaluated communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía G Pruneda-Alvarez
- a Laboratorio de Toxicología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí , San Luis Potosí , México
- b Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí , San Luis Potosí , México
| | - Tania Ruíz-Vera
- a Laboratorio de Toxicología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí , San Luis Potosí , México
- b Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí , San Luis Potosí , México
| | - Angeles C Ochoa-Martínez
- a Laboratorio de Toxicología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí , San Luis Potosí , México
- b Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí , San Luis Potosí , México
| | - Iván N Pérez-Maldonado
- a Laboratorio de Toxicología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí , San Luis Potosí , México
- b Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí , San Luis Potosí , México
- c Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Zona Media, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí , Rio Verde, San Luis Potosí , México
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