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Wille A, Weske S, von Wnuck Lipinski K, Wollnitzke P, Schröder NH, Thomas N, Nowak MK, Deister-Jonas J, Behr B, Keul P, Levkau B. Sphingosine-1-phosphate promotes osteogenesis by stimulating osteoblast growth and neovascularization in a vascular endothelial growth factor-dependent manner. J Bone Miner Res 2024; 39:357-372. [PMID: 38477738 PMCID: PMC11240155 DOI: 10.1093/jbmr/zjae006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) plays multiple roles in bone metabolism and regeneration. Here, we have identified a novel S1P-regulated osteoanabolic mechanism functionally connecting osteoblasts (OBs) to the highly specialized bone vasculature. We demonstrate that S1P/S1PR3 signaling in OBs stimulates vascular endothelial growth factor a (VEGFa) expression and secretion to promote bone growth in an autocrine and boost osteogenic H-type differentiation of bone marrow endothelial cells in a paracrine manner. VEGFa-neutralizing antibodies and VEGF receptor inhibition by axitinib abrogated OB growth in vitro and bone formation in male C57BL/6J in vivo following S1P stimulation and S1P lyase inhibition, respectively. Pharmacological S1PR3 inhibition and genetic S1PR3 deficiency suppressed VEGFa production, OB growth in vitro, and inhibited H-type angiogenesis and bone growth in male mice in vivo. Together with previous work on the osteoanabolic functions of S1PR2 and S1PR3, our data suggest that S1P-dependent bone regeneration employs several nonredundant positive feedback loops between OBs and the bone vasculature. The identification of this yet unappreciated aspect of osteoanabolic S1P signaling may have implications for regular bone homeostasis as well as diseases where the bone microvasculature is affected such as age-related osteopenia and posttraumatic bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalena Wille
- Institute of Molecular Medicine III, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sarah Weske
- Institute of Molecular Medicine III, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karin von Wnuck Lipinski
- Institute of Molecular Medicine III, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Philipp Wollnitzke
- Institute of Molecular Medicine III, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nathalie H Schröder
- Institute of Molecular Medicine III, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nadine Thomas
- Institute of Molecular Medicine III, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Melissa K Nowak
- Institute of Molecular Medicine III, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jennifer Deister-Jonas
- Institute of Molecular Medicine III, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Björn Behr
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University Hospital BG Bergmannsheil, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Petra Keul
- Institute of Molecular Medicine III, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bodo Levkau
- Institute of Molecular Medicine III, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Tang Z, Xia Z, Wang X, Liu Y. The critical role of osteopontin (OPN) in fibrotic diseases. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2023; 74:86-99. [PMID: 37648616 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a pathological condition characterized by the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix components in tissues and organs, leading to progressive architectural remodelling and contributing to the development of various diseases. Osteopontin (OPN), a highly phosphorylated glycoprotein, has been increasingly recognized for its involvement in the progression of tissue fibrosis. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the genetic and protein structure of OPN and focuses on our current understanding of the role of OPN in the development of fibrosis in the lungs and other tissues. Additionally, special attention is given to the potential of OPN as a biomarker and a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Tang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Laboratory of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Rare Diseases Center, Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zijing Xia
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Laboratory of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Rare Diseases Center, Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiangpeng Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Laboratory of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Rare Diseases Center, Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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3
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Everts V, Jansen IDC, de Vries TJ. Mechanisms of bone resorption. Bone 2022; 163:116499. [PMID: 35872106 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Everts
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Anatomy, Dental Faculty, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Ineke D C Jansen
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Teun J de Vries
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Figueredo CA, Abdelhay N, Gibson MP. The Roles of SIBLING Proteins in Dental, Periodontal and Craniofacial Development. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2022.898802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of dental, periodontal, and craniofacial tissues are derived from the neural crest cells and ectoderm. Neural crest stem cells are pluripotent, capable of differentiating into a variety of cells. These cells can include osteoblasts, odontoblasts, cementoblasts, chondroblasts, and fibroblasts which are responsible for forming some of the tissues of the oral and craniofacial complex. The hard tissue forming cells deposit a matrix composed of collagen and non-collagenous proteins (NCPs) that later undergoes mineralization. The NCPs play a role in the mineralization of collagen. One such category of NCPs is the small integrin-binding ligand, N-linked glycoprotein (SIBLING) family of proteins. This family is composed of dentin sialophosphosprotein (DSPP), osteopontin (OPN), dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1), bone sialoprotein (BSP), and matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE). The SIBLING family is known to have regulatory effects in the mineralization process of collagen fibers and the maturation of hydroxyapatite crystals. It is well established that SIBLING proteins have critical roles in tooth development. Recent literature has described the expression and role of SIBLING proteins in other areas of the oral and craniofacial complex as well. The objective of the present literature review is to summarize and discuss the different roles the SIBLING proteins play in the development of dental, periodontal, and craniofacial tissues.
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Bai RJ, Li YS, Zhang FJ. Osteopontin, a bridge links osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1012508. [PMID: 36387862 PMCID: PMC9649917 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1012508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent joint disease characterized by degradation of articular cartilage, inflammation, and changes in periarticular and subchondral bone of joints. Osteoporosis (OP) is another systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and bone mineral density (BMD) accompanied by microarchitectural deterioration in bone tissue and increased bone fragility and fracture risk. Both OA and OP are mainly affected on the elderly people. Recent studies have shown that osteopontin (OPN) plays a vital role in bone metabolism and homeostasis. OPN involves these biological activities through participating in the proliferation, migration, differentiation, and adhesion of several bone-related cells, including chondrocytes, synoviocytes, osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). OPN has been demonstrated to be closely related to the occurrence and development of many bone-related diseases, such as OA and OP. This review summarizes the role of OPN in regulating inflammation activity and bone metabolism in OA and OP. Furthermore, some drugs that targeted OPN to treat OA and OP are also summarized in the review. However, the complex mechanism of OPN in regulating OA and OP is not fully elucidated, which drives us to explore the depth effect of OPN on these two bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Jun Bai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu-Sheng Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Yu-Sheng Li, ; Fang-Jie Zhang,
| | - Fang-Jie Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Yu-Sheng Li, ; Fang-Jie Zhang,
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Williams MM, Hafeez SA, Christenson JL, O’Neill KI, Hammond NG, Richer JK. Reversing an Oncogenic Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Program in Breast Cancer Reveals Actionable Immune Suppressive Pathways. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14111122. [PMID: 34832904 PMCID: PMC8622696 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Approval of checkpoint inhibitors for treatment of metastatic triple negative breast cancer (mTNBC) has opened the door for the use of immunotherapies against this disease. However, not all patients with mTNBC respond to current immunotherapy approaches such as checkpoint inhibitors. Recent evidence demonstrates that TNBC metastases are more immune suppressed than primary tumors, suggesting that combination or additional immunotherapy strategies may be required to activate an anti-tumor immune attack at metastatic sites. To identify other immune suppressive mechanisms utilized by mTNBC, our group and others manipulated oncogenic epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) programs in TNBC models to reveal differences between this breast cancer subtype and its more epithelial counterpart. This review will discuss how EMT modulation revealed several mechanisms, including tumor cell metabolism, cytokine milieu and secretion of additional immune modulators, by which mTNBC cells may suppress both the innate and adaptive anti-tumor immune responses. Many of these pathways/proteins are under preclinical or clinical investigation as therapeutic targets in mTNBC and other advanced cancers to enhance their response to chemotherapy and/or checkpoint inhibitors.
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Vancea A, Serban O, Fodor D. Relationship between Osteopontin and Bone Mineral Density. ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA (BUCHAREST, ROMANIA : 2005) 2021; 17:509-516. [PMID: 35747863 DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2021.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that osteopontin (OPN) could be used as an early marker for the diagnosis of bone disorders. Considering the contradictory opinions in the literature, the objective of this systematic review is to analyse the current information regarding the relationship between OPN and bone mineral density (BMD), which represents an important process in the development of osteoporosis. We performed a literature search of clinical trials using the PubMed database, published between 1999-2020, and identified 7 studies that were eligible for analysis. The eligibility criteria were based on studies that analysed the relationship between osteopontin and bone mineral density on human subjects. Conclusion: serum OPN levels might be used as a biomarker of the early diagnosis of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women, with or without osteoporotic vertebral fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vancea
- "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Internal Medicine Department, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - O Serban
- "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Internal Medicine Department, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - D Fodor
- "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Internal Medicine Department, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Chaikiawkeaw D, Khorattanakulchai N, Nammultriputtar K, Rattanapisit K, Everts V, Kubera A, Phoolchareon W, Pavasant P. Osteopontin induces osteogenic differentiation by human periodontal ligament cells via calcium binding domain-activin receptor-like kinase (ALK-1) interaction. J Periodontol 2021; 93:e13-e23. [PMID: 34453745 DOI: 10.1002/jper.21-0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently we have generated recombinant human osteopontin (rhOPN) using a plant platform (Nicotiana benthamiana) and demonstrated, when coated on culture plates, its osteogenic induction capacity of human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells. The aim of this study is to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the rhOPN-induced osteogenic differentiation of human PDL cells. METHODS Full length rhOPN (FL-OPN) and three constructs of OPN containing integrin binding domain (N142), calcium binding domain (C122) and mutated calcium-binding domain (C122δ) were generated from N. benthamiana. Human PDL cells were isolated from extracted third molars and cultured on FL-OPN, N142, C122, or C122δ-coated surfaces. Real-time PCR and Western blot analyses were used to determine mRNA and protein expression. In vitro calcification was determined by Alizarin red staining. A chemical inhibitor and RNAi silencing were used to elucidate signaling pathways. In silico analyses were performed to predict the protein-protein interaction. In vivo analysis was performed using a rat calvaria defect model. RESULTS Human PDL cells seeded on FL-OPN and C122-coated surfaces significantly increased both mRNA and protein expression of osterix (OSX) and enhanced in vitro calcification. Soluble FL-OPN as well as a surface coated with N142 did not affect OSX expression. Inhibition of activin receptor-like kinase (ALK-1) abolished the induction of osterix expression. In silico analysis suggested a possible interaction between the calcium binding domain (CaBD) of OPN and ALK-1 receptor. C122, but not C122δ coated surfaces, induced the expression of p-Smad-1 and this induction was inhibited by an ALK-1 inhibitor and RNAi against ALK-1. In vivo data showed that 3D porous scaffold containing C-122 enhanced new bone formation as compared to scaffold alone. CONCLUSION The results suggest that next to full length OPN, the CaBD of OPN, if coated to a surface, induces osteogenic differentiation via interaction with ALK-1 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daneeya Chaikiawkeaw
- Center of Excellence in Regenerative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Narach Khorattanakulchai
- Research Unit for Plant-Produced Pharmaceuticals, Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ketsaraporn Nammultriputtar
- Center of Excellence in Regenerative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kaewta Rattanapisit
- Research Unit for Plant-Produced Pharmaceuticals, Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Vincent Everts
- Center of Excellence in Regenerative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Center of Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anchanee Kubera
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasertsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Waranyoo Phoolchareon
- Research Unit for Plant-Produced Pharmaceuticals, Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prasit Pavasant
- Center of Excellence in Regenerative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Signaling Pathway and Transcriptional Regulation in Osteoblasts during Bone Healing: Direct Involvement of Hydroxyapatite as a Biomaterial. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14070615. [PMID: 34206843 PMCID: PMC8308723 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone defects and periodontal disease are pathological conditions that may become neglected diseases if not treated properly. Hydroxyapatite (HA), along with tricalcium phosphate and bioglass ceramic, is a biomaterial widely applied to orthopedic and dental uses. The in vivo performance of HA is determined by the interaction between HA particles with bone cells, particularly the bone mineralizing cells osteoblasts. It has been reported that HA-induced osteoblastic differentiation by increasing the expression of osteogenic transcription factors. However, the pathway involved and the events that occur in the cell membrane have not been well understood and remain controversial. Advances in gene editing and the discovery of pharmacologic inhibitors assist researchers to better understand osteoblastic differentiation. This review summarizes the involvement of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38, Wnt, and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) in osteoblastic cellular regulation induced by HA. These advances enhance the current understanding of the molecular mechanism of HA as a biomaterial. Moreover, they provide a better strategy for the design of HA to be utilized in bone engineering.
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Tissue-Nonspecific Alkaline Phosphatase-A Gatekeeper of Physiological Conditions in Health and a Modulator of Biological Environments in Disease. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10121648. [PMID: 33302551 PMCID: PMC7763311 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) is a ubiquitously expressed enzyme that is best known for its role during mineralization processes in bones and skeleton. The enzyme metabolizes phosphate compounds like inorganic pyrophosphate and pyridoxal-5′-phosphate to provide, among others, inorganic phosphate for the mineralization and transportable vitamin B6 molecules. Patients with inherited loss of function mutations in the ALPL gene and consequently altered TNAP activity are suffering from the rare metabolic disease hypophosphatasia (HPP). This systemic disease is mainly characterized by impaired bone and dental mineralization but may also be accompanied by neurological symptoms, like anxiety disorders, seizures, and depression. HPP characteristically affects all ages and shows a wide range of clinical symptoms and disease severity, which results in the classification into different clinical subtypes. This review describes the molecular function of TNAP during the mineralization of bones and teeth, further discusses the current knowledge on the enzyme’s role in the nervous system and in sensory perception. An additional focus is set on the molecular role of TNAP in health and on functional observations reported in common laboratory vertebrate disease models, like rodents and zebrafish.
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Fu Y, Zhang Y, Lei Z, Liu T, Cai T, Wang A, Du W, Zeng Y, Zhu J, Liu Z, Huang JA. Abnormally activated OPN/integrin αVβ3/FAK signalling is responsible for EGFR-TKI resistance in EGFR mutant non-small-cell lung cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:169. [PMID: 33287873 PMCID: PMC7720454 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-01009-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acquired epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) resistance limits the long-term clinical efficacy of tyrosine kinase-targeting drugs. Although most of the mechanisms of acquired EGFR-TKI resistance have been revealed, the mechanism of ~ 15% of cases has not yet been elucidated. METHODS Cell viability was analysed using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Proteome profiler array analysis was performed to find proteins contributing to acquired EGFR-TKI resistance. Secreted OPN was detected by ELISA. Immunohistochemical analysis was conducted to detect expression of integrin αV in NSCLC tissue. The effect of VS-6063 on apoptosis and proliferation of PC9 gefitinib-resistant cells was detected by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and clonogenic assays. A mouse xenograft model was used to assess the effect of VS-6063 on the sensitivity of PC9 gefitinib-resistant cells to gefitinib. RESULTS OPN was overexpressed in acquired EGFR-TKI-resistant NSCLCs. Secreted OPN contributed to acquired EGFR-TKI resistance by activating the integrin αVβ3/FAK pathway. Inhibition of FAK signalling increased sensitivity to EGFR-TKIs in PC9 gefitinib-resistant cells both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS OPN contributes to acquired EGFR-TKI resistance by up-regulating expression of integrin αVβ3, which activates the downstream FAK/AKT and ERK signalling pathways to promote cell proliferation in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Fu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Lei
- Department of Genetics, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Cai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Anqi Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Du
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Zeng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Respiratory Diseases, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjie Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Respiratory Diseases, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeyi Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China.
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Respiratory Diseases, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian-An Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China.
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Respiratory Diseases, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China.
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Miki H, Okito A, Akiyama M, Ono T, Tachikawa N, Nakahama KI. Genetic and epigenetic regulation of osteopontin by cyclic adenosine 3' 5'-monophosphate in osteoblasts. Gene 2020; 763:145059. [PMID: 32858177 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is not only a marker of osteoblasts but it is also related to cancer progression and inflammation. The expression of OPN increases in response to inflammatory cytokines, hormones, and mechanical stress. Among them, cyclic-AMP (cAMP) elevating agents stimulate OPN expression in the presence of 1, 25-OH vitamin D3 (VD3). We aimed to clarify the mechanism by which cAMP enhances OPN expression in osteoblastic cells. The OPN promoter (-2335 to +76, OPNp2335) exerted a cell type specific response to forskolin (FK) and VD3. Sequential deletion analysis of OPNp revealed that the OPNp (-833 to +76) contained essential responsive regions to respond to cAMP signaling. In particular, both Vitamin D response element (VDRE, -758 to -743) and osteoblast-specific cis- acting element 2 (OSE2, -695 to -690) were essential for cAMP-mediated OPNp activity. The expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR), but not runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), a nuclear receptor for OSE2, was induced by the treatment of the cells with FK. Although, VD3-induced OPNp activity was slightly enhanced in VDR-overexpressing osteoblasts, it reached the same level as that of osteoblasts induced by both VD3 and FK in the presence of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. Moreover, we identified histone acetylation on the OPN promoter region by FK treatment. These results strongly suggest that OPNp activity is controlled by the cAMP signaling via genetic and epigenetic regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohito Miki
- Department of Cellular Physiological Chemistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asuka Okito
- Department of Cellular Physiological Chemistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; Department of Orthodontic Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Masako Akiyama
- Research Administration Division, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Takashi Ono
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Noriko Tachikawa
- Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Nakahama
- Department of Cellular Physiological Chemistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.
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13
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Fratzl-Zelman N, Gamsjaeger S, Blouin S, Kocijan R, Plasenzotti P, Rokidi S, Nawrot-Wawrzyniak K, Roetzer K, Uyanik G, Haeusler G, Shane E, Cohen A, Klaushofer K, Paschalis EP, Roschger P, Fratzl P, Zwerina J, Zwettler E. Alterations of bone material properties in adult patients with X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH). J Struct Biol 2020; 211:107556. [PMID: 32619592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2020.107556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) caused by PHEX mutations results in elevated serum FGF23 levels, renal phosphate wasting and low 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. The glycophosphoprotein osteopontin, a potent inhibitor of mineralization normally degraded by PHEX, accumulates within the bone matrix. Conventional therapy consisting of supplementation with phosphate and vitamin D analogs is burdensome and the effects on bone material poorly characterized. We analyzed transiliac bone biopsies from four adult patients, two of them severely affected due to no diagnosis and no treatment until adulthood. We used light microscopy, qBEI and FTIRI to study histology, histomorphometry, bone mineralization density distribution, properties of the organic matrix and size of hypomineralized periosteocytic lesions. Non-treatment resulted in severe osteomalacia, twice the amount of mineralized trabecular volume, multiple osteon-like perforations, continuity of lamellae from mineralized to unmineralized areas and distinctive patches of woven bone. Periosteocytic lesions were larger than in treated patients. The latter had nearly normal osteoid thicknesses, although surface was still elevated. The median calcium content of the matrix was always within normal range, although the percentage of lowly mineralized bone areas was highly increased in non-treated patients, resulting in a marked heterogeneity in mineralization. Divalent collagen cross-links were evident independently of the mineral content of the matrix. Broad osteoid seams lacked measurable pyridinoline, a mature trivalent cross-link and exhibited considerable acidic lipid content, typically found in matrix vesicles. Based on our results, we propose a model that possibly integrates the relationship between the observed mineralization disturbances, FGF23 secretion and the known osteopontin accumulation in XLH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Fratzl-Zelman
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Sonja Gamsjaeger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stéphane Blouin
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roland Kocijan
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria; 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Stamatia Rokidi
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kamilla Nawrot-Wawrzyniak
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Roetzer
- Center for Medical Genetics, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria; Medical School, Sigmund Freud Private University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gökhan Uyanik
- Center for Medical Genetics, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria; Medical School, Sigmund Freud Private University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriele Haeusler
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Elizabeth Shane
- Division of Endocrinology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adi Cohen
- Division of Endocrinology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Klaus Klaushofer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eleftherios P Paschalis
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Roschger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Fratzl
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jochen Zwerina
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria; 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Zwettler
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria; Medical Directorate, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
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14
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Liu Q, Zeng H, Yuan Y, Wang Z, Wu Z, Luo W. Osteopontin inhibits osteoarthritis progression via the OPN/CD44/PI3K signal axis. Genes Dis 2020; 9:128-139. [PMID: 35005113 PMCID: PMC8720673 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrocyte degeneration and extracellular matrix component loss are the primary causes of osteoarthritis (OA). OA can be treated by inhibiting chondrocyte degeneration and increasing extracellular matrix component secretion. Osteopontin (OPN), a multifunctional protein, has gained immense attention with regard to its involvement in OA. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic value and mechanism of action of OPN in OA treatment. Results of the histomorphological analysis revealed a worn-off OA cartilage tissue surface, cartilage matrix layer deterioration, and calcium salt deposition. Compared to that in normal chondrocytes, in OA chondrocytes, the OPN, CD44, and PI3K protein and mRNA expression was upregulated. Further, siOPN, rhOPN, and rhOPN plus LS-C179404 interfered with OA chondrocytes. As verified in mice, OPN directly inhibited the expression level of PI3K in OA chondrocytes by binding with CD44. Morphological analysis of the knee joints demonstrated that OPN effectively inhibited OA progression via the OPN/CD44/PI3K signal axis. In conclusion, OPN activates intracellular PI3K signaling molecules by binding to CD44 on the cell surface to cause downstream cascading effects, thereby delaying chondrocyte degeneration and reducing cartilage matrix component loss; therefore, OPN is a potential therapeutic agent for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87th Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China.,Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139th Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China.,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Hao Zeng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87th Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China
| | - Yuhao Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87th Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87th Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China
| | - Ziyi Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87th Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87th Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China
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15
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AlQranei MS, Aljohani H, Majumdar S, Senbanjo LT, Chellaiah MA. C-phycocyanin attenuates RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption in vitro through inhibiting ROS levels, NFATc1 and NF-κB activation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2513. [PMID: 32054921 PMCID: PMC7018981 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59363-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive bone loss occurs in inflammatory disorders such as periodontitis and osteoporosis. The underlying mechanism is related to the differentiation of macrophages into multinucleated giant osteoclasts and their bone resorptive activity. C-Phycocyanin (C-PC) is a phycobiliprotein extracted from the blue-green algae, which has been shown to have various pharmacological effects. The role of C-PC on bone metabolism needs revelation. In this study, we determined the effectiveness of C-PC as an inhibitor of osteoclast differentiation, activity, and survival in vitro. We found that C-PC strongly inhibited the differentiation of macrophages to TRAP-positive osteoclasts, distinctive osteoclast specific podosomal organization, and dentine matrix resorption without any cytotoxicity. Also, it suppressed the expression of osteoclast specific markers, such as cathepsin K and integrin β3 at mRNA and protein levels. RANKL mediated signaling utilizes reactive oxygen species (ROS) for the differentiation of osteoclasts. C-PC attenuated RANKL stimulated ROS. Mechanistic studies indicate that C-PC has the potential to reduce osteoclast formation via blocking the degradation of cytosolic IκB-α and hence, the activation of downstream markers such as c-Fos and NFATc1. However, it does not have any effect on osteoblast-mediated bone formation in vitro. Collectively, our data suggest that C-PC may be utilized as a therapeutic agent that can target bone loss mediated by excessive osteoclastic bone resorption without affecting osteoblastic activity in bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S AlQranei
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Preventive Dental Sciences Department, School of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Aljohani
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostics Sciences, King Saud University, School of Dentistry, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sunipa Majumdar
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Linda T Senbanjo
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Meenakshi A Chellaiah
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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16
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Si J, Wang C, Zhang D, Wang B, Hou W, Zhou Y. Osteopontin in Bone Metabolism and Bone Diseases. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e919159. [PMID: 31996665 PMCID: PMC7003659 DOI: 10.12659/msm.919159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN), a secreted phosphoprotein, is a member of the small integrin-binding ligand N-linked glycoprotein (SIBLING) family of cell matrix proteins and participates in many biological activities. Studies have shown that OPN plays a role in bone metabolism and homeostasis. OPN not only is an important factor in neuron-mediated and endocrine-regulated bone mass, but also is involved in biological activities such as proliferation, migration, and adhesion of several bone-related cells, including bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, osteoclasts, and osteoblasts. OPN has been demonstrated to be closely related to the occurrence and development of many bone-related diseases, such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteosarcoma. As expected, the functions of OPN in the bone have become a research hotspot. In this article, we try to decipher the mechanism of OPN-regulated bone metabolism and bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyan Si
- Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Chaowei Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Denghui Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Bo Wang
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Hou
- Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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17
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Ravalli F, Kossar AP, Takayama H, Grau JB, Ferrari G. Aortic Valve Regurgitation: Pathophysiology and Implications for Surgical Intervention in the Era of TAVR. STRUCTURAL HEART : THE JOURNAL OF THE HEART TEAM 2020; 4:87-98. [PMID: 32529168 PMCID: PMC7288848 DOI: 10.1080/24748706.2020.1719446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Aortic insufficiency (AI) or regurgitation is caused by the malcoaptation of the aortic valve (AV) cusps due to intrinsic abnormalities of the valve itself, a dilatation or geometric distortion of the aortic root, or by some combination thereof. In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of studies suggesting that AI is an active disease process caused by a combination of factors including but not limited to alteration of specific molecular pathways, genetic predisposition, and changes in the mechanotransductive properties of the AV apparatus. As the surgical management of AV disease continues to evolve, increasingly sophisticated surgical and percutaneous techniques for AV repair and replacement, including transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), have become more commonplace and will likely continue to expand as new devices are introduced. However, these techniques necessitate frequent reappraisal of the biological and mechanobiological mechanisms underlying AV regurgitation to better understand the risk factors for AI development and recurrence following surgical intervention as well as expand our limited knowledge on patient selection for such procedures. The aim of this review is to describe some of the putative mechanisms implicated in the development of AI, dissect some of the cross-talk among known and possible signaling pathways leading to valve remodeling, identify association between these pathways and pharmacological approaches, and discuss the implications for surgical and percutaneous approaches to AV repair in replacement in the TAVR era.
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18
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Chellaiah MA, Moorer MC, Majumdar S, Aljohani H, Morley SC, Yingling V, Stains JP. L-Plastin deficiency produces increased trabecular bone due to attenuation of sealing ring formation and osteoclast dysfunction. Bone Res 2020; 8:3. [PMID: 31993243 PMCID: PMC6976634 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-019-0079-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone resorption requires the formation of complex, actin-rich cytoskeletal structures. During the early phase of sealing ring formation by osteoclasts, L-plastin regulates actin-bundling to form the nascent sealing zones (NSZ). Here, we show that L-plastin knockout mice produce osteoclasts that are deficient in the formation of NSZs, are hyporesorptive, and make superficial resorption pits in vitro. Transduction of TAT-fused full-length L-plastin peptide into osteoclasts from L-plastin knockout mice rescued the formation of nascent sealing zones and sealing rings in a time-dependent manner. This response was not observed with mutated full-length L-plastin (Ser-5 and -7 to Ala-5 and -7) peptide. In contrast to the observed defect in the NSZ, L-plastin deficiency did not affect podosome formation or adhesion of osteoclasts in vitro or in vivo. Histomorphometry analyses in 8- and 12-week-old female L-plastin knockout mice demonstrated a decrease in eroded perimeters and an increase in trabecular bone density, without a change in bone formation by osteoblasts. This decrease in eroded perimeters supports that osteoclast function is attenuated in L-plastin knockouts. Micro-CT analyses confirmed a marked increase in trabecular bone mass. In conclusion, female L-plastin knockout mice had increased trabecular bone density due to impaired bone resorption by osteoclasts. L-plastin could be a potential target for therapeutic interventions to treat trabecular bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi A. Chellaiah
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Megan C. Moorer
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Sunipa Majumdar
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Hanan Aljohani
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Sharon C. Morley
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, and Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Vanessa Yingling
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, East Bay, Hayward, CA USA
| | - Joseph P. Stains
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
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19
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Holliday LS, de Faria LP, Rody WJ. Actin and Actin-Associated Proteins in Extracellular Vesicles Shed by Osteoclasts. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010158. [PMID: 31881680 PMCID: PMC6981389 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are shed by all eukaryotic cells and have emerged as important intercellular regulators. EVs released by osteoclasts were recently identified as important coupling factors in bone remodeling. They are shed as osteoclasts resorb bone and stimulate osteoblasts to form bone to replace the bone resorbed. We reported the proteomic content of osteoclast EVs with data from two-dimensional, high resolution liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. In this article, we examine in detail the actin and actin-associated proteins found in osteoclast EVs. Like EVs from other cell types, actin and various actin-associated proteins were abundant. These include components of the polymerization machinery, myosin mechanoenzymes, proteins that stabilize or depolymerize microfilaments, and actin-associated proteins that are involved in regulating integrins. The selective incorporation of actin-associated proteins into osteoclast EVs suggests that they have roles in the formation of EVs and/or the regulatory signaling functions of the EVs. Regulating integrins so that they bind extracellular matrix tightly, in order to attach EVs to the extracellular matrix at specific locations in organs and tissues, is one potential active role for actin-associated proteins in EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Shannon Holliday
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Lorraine Perciliano de Faria
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01000, Brazil;
| | - Wellington J. Rody
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Stony Brook University School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA;
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20
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Pang X, Gong K, Zhang X, Wu S, Cui Y, Qian BZ. Osteopontin as a multifaceted driver of bone metastasis and drug resistance. Pharmacol Res 2019; 144:235-244. [PMID: 31028902 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis to bone frequently occurs in majority of patients with advanced breast cancer and prostate cancer, leading to devastating skeletal-related events and substantially reducing the survival of patients. Currently, the crosstalk between tumor cells and the bone stromal compartment was widely investigated for bone metastasis and the resistance to many conventional therapeutic methods. Osteopontin (OPN), also known as SPP1 (secreted phosphoprotein 1), a secreted and chemokine-like glyco-phosphoprotein is involved in tumor progression such as cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. The expression of OPN in tumor tissue and plasma has been clinically proved to be correlated to poor prognosis and shortened survival in patients with breast cancer and prostate cancer. This review summarizes the multifaceted roles that OPN plays in bone microenvironment and drug resistance, with emphasis on breast and prostate cancers, via binding to αvβ3 integrin and CD44 receptor and inducing signaling cascades. We further discuss the promising therapeutic strategy for OPN targeting, mainly inhibiting OPN at transcriptional or protein level or blocking it binding to receptor or its downstream signaling pathways. The comprehending of the function of OPN in bone microenvironment is crucial for the development of novel biomarker and potential therapeutic target for the diagnosis and treatment of bone metastasis and against the emergence of drug resistance in advanced cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocong Pang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xicheng District, 10034, Beijing, China
| | - Kan Gong
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Xicheng District, 10034, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xicheng District, 10034, Beijing, China
| | - Shiliang Wu
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Xicheng District, 10034, Beijing, China
| | - Yimin Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xicheng District, 10034, Beijing, China.
| | - Bin-Zhi Qian
- Translational Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University.University of Edinburgh and MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, 2 Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre Queen's Medical Research Institute, EH16 4TJ, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Translational Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Haizhu District, 510260, Guangzhou, China.
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21
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Druck A, Patel D, Bansal V, Hoppensteadt D, Fareed J. Osteopontin Levels in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 5 on Hemodialysis Directly Correlate With Intact Parathyroid Hormone and Alkaline Phosphatase. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2019; 25:1076029619896621. [PMID: 31876180 PMCID: PMC7019405 DOI: 10.1177/1076029619896621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease stage 5 (CKD5) marks the fifth stage of renal failure, frequently causing dysregulation of bone and mineral metabolism. Challenges exist in evaluating and managing chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder (CKD-MBD) with the standard panel of biomarkers. Our objective was to profile osteopontin (OPN) in patients with CKD5 on maintenance hemodialysis (CKD5-HD) and elucidate its relationship to phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca2+), alkaline phosphatase (AP), and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) to improve understanding of the present model of CKD-MBD. Elevation of plasma OPN was seen in the CKD5-HD cohort (n = 92; median: 240.25 ng/mL, interquartile range [IQR]: 169.85 ng/mL) compared to a normal group (n = 49; median: 63.30 ng/mL, IQR: 19.20 ng/mL; p < .0001). Spearman correlation tests revealed significant positive correlations of OPN with iPTH (p < .0001; r = 0.561, 95% confidence interval = 0.397-0.690) and OPN with AP (p < .0001; r = 0.444, 95% confidence interval = 0.245-0.590) in CKD5-HD patients. Ultimately, OPN may play an integral role in the MBD axis, suggesting that it may be important to actively monitor OPN when managing CKD5-HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander Druck
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University of Chicago, Maywood,
IL, USA
- Hemostasis and Thrombosis Laboratories, Center of Translational
Research and Education, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Dimpi Patel
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University of Chicago, Maywood,
IL, USA
| | - Vinod Bansal
- Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood,
IL, USA
| | - Debra Hoppensteadt
- Hemostasis and Thrombosis Laboratories, Center of Translational
Research and Education, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Jawed Fareed
- Hemostasis and Thrombosis Laboratories, Center of Translational
Research and Education, Maywood, IL, USA
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22
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Scholtysek C, Ipseiz N, Böhm C, Krishnacoumar B, Stenzel M, Czerwinski T, Palumbo-Zerr K, Rothe T, Weidner D, Klej A, Stoll C, Distler J, Tuckermann J, Herrmann M, Fabry B, Goldmann WH, Schett G, Krönke G. NR4A1 Regulates Motility of Osteoclast Precursors and Serves as Target for the Modulation of Systemic Bone Turnover. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:2035-2047. [PMID: 29949664 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
NR4A1 (Nur77 or NGFI-B), an orphan member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, has been identified as a key regulator of the differentiation and function of myeloid, lymphoid, and mesenchymal cells. The detailed role of NR4A1 in bone biology is incompletely understood. Here, we report a role for NR4A1 as novel factor controlling the migration and recruitment of osteoclast precursors during bone remodeling. Myeloid-specific but not osteoblast-specific deletion of NR4A1 resulted in osteopenia due to an increase in the number of bone-lining osteoclasts. Although NR4A1-deficient osteoclast precursors displayed a regular differentiation into mature osteoclasts, they showed a hyper-motile phenotype that was largely dependent on increased osteopontin expression, suggesting that expression of NR4A1 negatively controlled osteopontin-mediated recruitment of osteoclast precursors to the trabecular bone. Pharmacological activation of NR4A1, in turn, inhibited osteopontin expression and osteopontin-dependent migration of osteoclast precursors resulted in reduced abundance of bone-resorbing osteoclasts in vivo as well as in an ameliorated bone loss after ovariectomy in mice. This study identifies NR4A1 as a crucial player in the regulation of osteoclast biology and bone remodeling and highlights this nuclear receptor as a promising target for therapeutic intervention during the treatment of osteoporosis. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research Published by Wiley Periodicals Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Scholtysek
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Nikolaus Fiebiger Center of Molecular Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Natacha Ipseiz
- School of Medicine, University of Cardiff, Cardiff, Wales
| | - Christina Böhm
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Nikolaus Fiebiger Center of Molecular Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Brenda Krishnacoumar
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Nikolaus Fiebiger Center of Molecular Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Stenzel
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Nikolaus Fiebiger Center of Molecular Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tina Czerwinski
- Department of Biophysics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katrin Palumbo-Zerr
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Nikolaus Fiebiger Center of Molecular Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Rothe
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Nikolaus Fiebiger Center of Molecular Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniela Weidner
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Nikolaus Fiebiger Center of Molecular Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Klej
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Nikolaus Fiebiger Center of Molecular Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Cornelia Stoll
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Nikolaus Fiebiger Center of Molecular Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jörg Distler
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jan Tuckermann
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ben Fabry
- Department of Biophysics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang H Goldmann
- Department of Biophysics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Krönke
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Nikolaus Fiebiger Center of Molecular Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Chellaiah MA, Majumdar S, Aljohani H. Peptidomimetic inhibitors of L-plastin reduce the resorptive activity of osteoclast but not the bone forming activity of osteoblasts in vitro. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204209. [PMID: 30248139 PMCID: PMC6152981 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sealing ring formation is a requirement for osteoclast function. We have recently identified the role of an actin-bundling protein L-plastin in the assembly of nascent sealing zones (NSZs) at the early phase of sealing ring formation in osteoclasts. TNF-α signaling regulates this actin assembly by the phosphorylation of L-plastin on serine -5 and -7 residues at the amino-terminal end. These NSZs function as a core for integrin localization and coordinating integrin signaling required for maturation into fully functional sealing rings. Our goal is to elucidate the essential function of L-plastin phosphorylation in actin bundling, a process required for NSZs formation. The present study was undertaken to determine whether targeting serine phosphorylation of cellular L-plastin would be the appropriate approach to attenuate the formation of NSZs. Our approach is to use TAT-fused small molecular weight amino-terminal L-plastin peptides (10 amino acids) containing phospho- Ser-5 and Ser-7. We used peptides unsubstituted (P1) and substituted (P2- P4) at serine-to-alanine residues. Immunoblotting, actin staining, and dentine resorption analyses were done to determine cellular L-plastin phosphorylation, NSZ or sealing ring formation, and osteoclast function, respectively. Immunoblotting for bone formation markers, Alizarin red staining and alkaline phosphatase activity assay have been done to determine the effect of peptides on the mineralization process mediated by osteoblasts. Transduction of unsubstituted (P1) and substituted peptides at either Serine 5 or Serine 7 with Alanine (P3 and P4) demonstrated variable inhibitory effects on the phosphorylation of cellular L-plastin protein. Peptide P1 reduces the following processes substantially: 1) cellular L-plastin phosphorylation; 2) formation of nascent sealing zones and sealing rings; 3) bone resorption. Substitution of both Serine-5 and -7 with Alanine (P2) had no effects on the inhibitory activities described above. Furthermore, either the L-plastin (P1-P5) or (P6) control peptides had a little or no impact on the a) assembly/disassembly of podosomes and migration of osteoclasts; b) mineralization process mediated by osteoblasts in vitro. Small molecular weight peptidomimetics of L-plastin inhibits bone resorption by osteoclasts via attenuation of NSZ and sealing ring formation but not bone formation by osteoblasts in vitro. The L-plastin may be a valuable therapeutic target to treat and prevent diseases associated with bone loss without affecting bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi A. Chellaiah
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sunipa Majumdar
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hanan Aljohani
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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24
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Singh A, Gill G, Kaur H, Amhmed M, Jakhu H. Role of osteopontin in bone remodeling and orthodontic tooth movement: a review. Prog Orthod 2018; 19:18. [PMID: 29938297 PMCID: PMC6015792 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-018-0216-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, most of the known and postulated mechanisms of osteopontin (OPN) and its role in bone remodeling and orthodontic tooth movement are discussed based on available literature. OPN, a multifunctional protein, is considered crucial for bone remodeling, biomineralization, and periodontal remodeling during mechanical tension and stress (orthodontic tooth movement). It contributes to bone remodeling by promoting osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast activity through CD44- and αvβ3-mediated cell signaling. Further, it has a definitive role in bone remodeling by the formation of podosomes, osteoclast survival, and osteoclast motility. OPN has been shown to have a regulatory effect on hydroxyapatite crystal (HAP) growth and potently inhibits the mineralization of osteoblast cultures in a phosphate-dependent manner. Bone remodeling is vital for orthodontic tooth movement. Significant compressive and tensional forces on the periodontium induce the signaling pathways mediated by various osteogenic genes including OPN, bone sialoprotein, Osterix, and osteocalcin. The signaling pathways involved in the regulation of OPN and its effect on the periodontal tissues during orthodontic tooth movement are further discussed in this review. A limited number of studies have suggested the use of OPN as a biomarker to assess orthodontic treatment. Furthermore, the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in OPN coding gene Spp1 with orthodontically induced root resorption remains largely unexplored. Accordingly, future research directions for OPN are outlined in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarjot Singh
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Gurveen Gill
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Harsimrat Kaur
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mohamed Amhmed
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Harpal Jakhu
- Department of Endodontics, Government Dental College, Amritsar, Punjab, India.,Sandalwood Smiles, Private Dental Practice, Brampton, Ontario, Canada
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25
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Panezai J, Ghaffar A, Altamash M, Engström PE, Larsson A. Periodontal disease influences osteoclastogenic bone markers in subjects with and without rheumatoid arthritis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197235. [PMID: 29889832 PMCID: PMC5995354 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontal disease (PD) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are bone pathologies mediated through immuno-inflammatory mechanisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the serum markers osteopontin (OPN), tumor necrosis factor receptors 1 (TNFR1) and 2 (TNFR2) receptor activator of nuclear factor‐kappa B ligand (RANKL) and RANKL/ osteoprotegerin (OPG) ratio and compare them in PD and RA groups. Materials & methods RA (with PD = 19 and without PD = 19), PD (n = 38) and 14 healthy subjects underwent bleeding on probing (BOP) and probing pocket depth (PPD) measurement. PD was defined as PPD measuring ≥5mm registered in ≥3 sites. Marginal bone loss (MBL) for premolars and molars was measured on digital panoramic radiographs. Serum samples were collected from all subjects. OPN, TNFR1, TNFR2 and RANKL were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). OPG was measured as part of a multiplex proximity extension assay (PEA). Results OPN, TNFR1, TNFR2 and RANKL serum levels were the highest in the RA group with PD, while the RA group without PD were comparable to PD subjects only. The RANKL/OPG ratios were comparable between PD group and both RA groups with (p = 0.051) and without PD (p = 0.37). Serum RANKL levels were associated with MBL (p = 0.008) and PPD ≥ 5mm (p = 0.01). Conclusion Peripheral osteoclastogenesis is a feature of periodontal disease with systemic levels of osteoclastogenic markers comparable to the effects observed in rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeneen Panezai
- Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Department of Periodontology, Karachi, Pakistan
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Dental Medicine, Division of Periodontology, Huddinge, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Mohammad Altamash
- Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Department of Periodontology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Per-Erik Engström
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Dental Medicine, Division of Periodontology, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Anders Larsson
- Uppsala University, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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26
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Foster BL, Ao M, Salmon CR, Chavez MB, Kolli TN, Tran AB, Chu EY, Kantovitz KR, Yadav M, Narisawa S, Millán JL, Nociti FH, Somerman MJ. Osteopontin regulates dentin and alveolar bone development and mineralization. Bone 2018; 107:196-207. [PMID: 29313816 PMCID: PMC5803363 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The periodontal complex is essential for tooth attachment and function and includes the mineralized tissues, cementum and alveolar bone, separated by the unmineralized periodontal ligament (PDL). To gain insights into factors regulating cementum-PDL and bone-PDL borders and protecting against ectopic calcification within the PDL, we employed a proteomic approach to analyze PDL tissue from progressive ankylosis knock-out (Ank-/-) mice, featuring reduced PPi, rapid cementogenesis, and excessive acellular cementum. Using this approach, we identified the matrix protein osteopontin (Spp1/OPN) as an elevated factor of interest in Ank-/- mouse molar PDL. We studied the role of OPN in dental and periodontal development and function. During tooth development in wild-type (WT) mice, Spp1 mRNA was transiently expressed by cementoblasts and strongly by alveolar bone osteoblasts. Developmental analysis from 14 to 240days postnatal (dpn) indicated normal histological structures in Spp1-/- comparable to WT control mice. Microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) analysis at 30 and 90dpn revealed significantly increased volumes and tissue mineral densities of Spp1-/- mouse dentin and alveolar bone, while pulp and PDL volumes were decreased and tissue densities were increased. However, acellular cementum growth was unaltered in Spp1-/- mice. Quantitative PCR of periodontal-derived mRNA failed to identify potential local compensators influencing cementum in Spp1-/- vs. WT mice at 26dpn. We genetically deleted Spp1 on the Ank-/- mouse background to determine whether increased Spp1/OPN was regulating periodontal tissues when the PDL space is challenged by hypercementosis in Ank-/- mice. Ank-/-; Spp1-/- double deficient mice did not exhibit greater hypercementosis than that in Ank-/- mice. Based on these data, we conclude that OPN has a non-redundant role regulating formation and mineralization of dentin and bone, influences tissue properties of PDL and pulp, but does not control acellular cementum apposition. These findings may inform therapies targeted at controlling soft tissue calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Foster
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - M Ao
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - C R Salmon
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M B Chavez
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - T N Kolli
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - A B Tran
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - E Y Chu
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - K R Kantovitz
- Department of Dental Materials, São Leopoldo Mandic Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Yadav
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - S Narisawa
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - J L Millán
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - F H Nociti
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M J Somerman
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
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27
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de Vries TJ, Andreotta S, Loos BG, Nicu EA. Genes Critical for Developing Periodontitis: Lessons from Mouse Models. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1395. [PMID: 29163477 PMCID: PMC5663718 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the etiology of periodontitis in humans is not fully understood, genetic mouse models may pinpoint indispensable genes for optimal immunological protection of the periodontium against tissue destruction. This review describes the current knowledge of genes that are involved for a proper maintenance of a healthy periodontium in mice. Null mutations of genes required for leukocyte cell–cell recognition and extravasation (e.g., Icam-1, P-selectin, Beta2-integrin/Cd18), for pathogen recognition and killing (e.g., Tlr2, Tlr4, Lamp-2), immune modulatory molecules (e.g., Cxcr2, Ccr4, IL-10, Opg, IL1RA, Tnf-α receptor, IL-17 receptor, Socs3, Foxo1), and proteolytic enzymes (e.g., Mmp8, Plasmin) cause periodontitis, most likely due to an inefficient clearance of bacteria and bacterial products. Several mechanisms resulting in periodontitis can be recognized: (1) inefficient bacterial control by the polymorphonuclear neutrophils (defective migration, killing), (2) inadequate antigen presentation by dendritic cells, or (3) exaggerated production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In all these cases, the local immune reaction is skewed toward a Th1/Th17 (and insufficient activation of the Th2/Treg) with subsequent osteoclast activation. Finally, genotypes are described that protect the mice from periodontitis: the SCID mouse, and mice lacking Tlr2/Tlr4, the Ccr1/Ccr5, the Tnf-α receptor p55, and Cathepsin K by attenuating the inflammatory reaction and the osteoclastogenic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teun J de Vries
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Stefano Andreotta
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bruno G Loos
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elena A Nicu
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Opris Dent SRL, Sibiu, Sibiu, Romania
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28
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Reithmeier A, Panizza E, Krumpel M, Orre LM, Branca RMM, Lehtiö J, Ek-Rylander B, Andersson G. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP/ACP5) promotes metastasis-related properties via TGFβ2/TβR and CD44 in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:650. [PMID: 28915803 PMCID: PMC5602878 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3616-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP/ACP5), a metalloenzyme that is characteristic for its expression in activated osteoclasts and in macrophages, has recently gained considerable focus as a driver of metastasis and was associated with clinically relevant parameters of cancer progression and cancer aggressiveness. METHODS MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells with different TRAP expression levels (overexpression and knockdown) were generated and characterized for protein expression and activity levels. Functional cell experiments, such as proliferation, migration and invasion assays were performed as well as global phosphoproteomic and proteomic analysis was conducted to connect molecular perturbations to the phenotypic changes. RESULTS We identified an association between metastasis-related properties of TRAP-overexpressing MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and a TRAP-dependent regulation of Transforming growth factor (TGFβ) pathway proteins and Cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44). Overexpression of TRAP increased anchorage-independent and anchorage-dependent cell growth and proliferation, induced a more elongated cellular morphology and promoted cell migration and invasion. Migration was increased in the presence of the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins osteopontin and fibronectin and the basement membrane proteins collagen IV and laminin I. TRAP-induced properties were reverted upon shRNA-mediated knockdown of TRAP or treatment with the small molecule TRAP inhibitor 5-PNA. Global phosphoproteomics and proteomics analyses identified possible substrates of TRAP phosphatase activity or signaling intermediates and outlined a TRAP-dependent regulation of proteins involved in cell adhesion and ECM organization. Upregulation of TGFβ isoform 2 (TGFβ2), TGFβ receptor type 1 (TβR1) and Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 (SMAD2), as well as increased intracellular phosphorylation of CD44 were identified upon TRAP perturbation. Functional antibody-mediated blocking and chemical inhibition demonstrated that TRAP-dependent migration and proliferation is regulated via TGFβ2/TβR, whereas proliferation beyond basal levels is regulated through CD44. CONCLUSION Altogether, TRAP promotes metastasis-related cell properties in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells via TGFβ2/TβR and CD44, thereby identifying a potential signaling mechanism associated to TRAP action in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Reithmeier
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), H5, Division of Pathology, F46, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elena Panizza
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Oncology-Pathology (OnkPat), K7, Research Group Janne Lehtiö, Box 1031, 171 21 Solna, Sweden
| | - Michael Krumpel
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), H5, Division of Pathology, F46, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lukas M. Orre
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Oncology-Pathology (OnkPat), K7, Research Group Janne Lehtiö, Box 1031, 171 21 Solna, Sweden
| | - Rui M. M. Branca
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Oncology-Pathology (OnkPat), K7, Research Group Janne Lehtiö, Box 1031, 171 21 Solna, Sweden
| | - Janne Lehtiö
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Oncology-Pathology (OnkPat), K7, Research Group Janne Lehtiö, Box 1031, 171 21 Solna, Sweden
| | - Barbro Ek-Rylander
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), H5, Division of Pathology, F46, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran Andersson
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), H5, Division of Pathology, F46, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
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29
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Riew TR, Kim HL, Jin X, Choi JH, Shin YJ, Kim JS, Lee MY. Spatiotemporal expression of osteopontin in the striatum of rats subjected to the mitochondrial toxin 3-nitropropionic acid correlates with microcalcification. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45173. [PMID: 28345671 PMCID: PMC5366947 DOI: 10.1038/srep45173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Our aim was to elucidate whether osteopontin (OPN) is involved in the onset of mineralisation and progression of extracellular calcification in striatal lesions due to mitochondrial toxin 3-nitropropionic acid exposure. OPN expression had two different patterns when observed using light microscopy. It was either localised to the Golgi complex in brain macrophages or had a small granular pattern scattered in the affected striatum. OPN labelling tended to increase in number and size over a 2-week period following the lesion. Ultrastructural investigations revealed that OPN is initially localised to degenerating mitochondria within distal dendrites, which were then progressively surrounded by profuse OPN on days 7–14. Electron probe microanalysis of OPN-positive and calcium-fixated neurites indicated that OPN accumulates selectively on the surfaces of degenerating calcifying dendrites, possibly via interactions between OPN and calcium. In addition, 3-dimensional reconstruction of OPN-positive neurites revealed that they are in direct contact with larger OPN-negative degenerating dendrites rather than with fragmented cell debris. Our overall results indicate that OPN expression is likely to correlate with the spatiotemporal progression of calcification in the affected striatum, and raise the possibility that OPN may play an important role in the initiation and progression of microcalcification in response to brain insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Ryong Riew
- Department of Anatomy, Catholic Neuroscience Institute, Cell Death Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong Lim Kim
- Integrative Research Support Center, Laboratory of Electron Microscope, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Xuyan Jin
- Department of Anatomy, Catholic Neuroscience Institute, Cell Death Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Heon Choi
- Department of Anatomy, Catholic Neuroscience Institute, Cell Death Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoo-Jin Shin
- Department of Anatomy, Catholic Neuroscience Institute, Cell Death Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Soo Kim
- Gumi Electronics &Information Technology Research Institute, Gumi, Korea
| | - Mun-Yong Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Catholic Neuroscience Institute, Cell Death Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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30
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Luo T, Liu H, Feng W, Liu D, Du J, Sun J, Wang W, Han X, Guo J, Amizuka N, Li X, Li M. Adipocytes enhance expression of osteoclast adhesion-related molecules through the CXCL12/CXCR4 signalling pathway. Cell Prolif 2016; 50. [PMID: 27868262 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of adipocytes on osteoclast adhesion-related molecules. MATERIALS AND METHODS ST2 cells, a cloned stromal cell line from mouse bone marrow, able to differentiate into adipocytes, were cultured in serum-free α-MEM which was then collected to be used as adipocyte-conditioned medium (ADIPO CM). RAW264.7 cells were cultured in ADIPO CM in the presence of RANKL, and bone marrow-derived macrophages were cultured in ADIPO CM in the presence of RANKL and macrophage-colony stimulating factor to induce osteoclast differentiation. TRAP staining, resorption pit assay, qRT-PCR and western blotting assays were performed. RESULTS ELISAs revealed that CXCL12 was abundant in ADIPO CM and CCK-8 assay revealed no proliferation of RAW264.7 cells after exogenous CXCL12 treatment. ADIPO CM enhanced osteoclast formation and resorption, both by RAW264.7 cells and BMMs. In addition, exogenous CXCL12 efficiently potentiated formation of TRAP-positive osteoclast and resorption by RAW264.7 cells. Western blotting and qRT-PCR suggested that ADIPO CM or combined treatment with exogenous CXCL12 caused significant increase in expression of NFAT2, src and osteoclast adhesion-related molecules, including β3 integrin, CD44 and osteopontin. However, these promotional effects were largely abrogated on treatment of AMD3100, a CXCR4 antagonist. CONCLUSIONS Adipocytes promoted osteoclast differentiation, function and expression of adhesion-related molecules through the CXCL12/CXCR4 signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Luo
- School of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Bone Metabolism, School of Stomatology Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongrui Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Bone Metabolism, School of Stomatology Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Bone Metabolism, School of Stomatology Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Di Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Bone Metabolism, School of Stomatology Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Juan Du
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Bone Metabolism, School of Stomatology Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Bone Metabolism, School of Stomatology Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Bone Metabolism, School of Stomatology Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiuchun Han
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Bone Metabolism, School of Stomatology Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Bone Metabolism, School of Stomatology Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Norio Amizuka
- Department of Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Xianqi Li
- School of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Department of Hard Tissue Research, Graduate School of Oral Medicine, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Japan
| | - Minqi Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Bone Metabolism, School of Stomatology Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Sondag GR, Mbimba TS, Moussa FM, Novak K, Yu B, Jaber FA, Abdelmagid SM, Geldenhuys WJ, Safadi FF. Osteoactivin inhibition of osteoclastogenesis is mediated through CD44-ERK signaling. Exp Mol Med 2016; 48:e257. [PMID: 27585719 PMCID: PMC5050297 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2016.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoactivin is a heavily glycosylated protein shown to have a role in bone remodeling. Previous studies from our lab have shown that mutation in Osteoactivin enhances osteoclast differentiation but inhibits their function. To date, a classical receptor and a signaling pathway for Osteoactivin-mediated osteoclast inhibition has not yet been characterized. In this study, we examined the role of Osteoactivin treatment on osteoclastogenesis using bone marrow-derived osteoclast progenitor cells and identify a signaling pathway relating to Osteoactivin function. We reveal that recombinant Osteoactivin treatment inhibited osteoclast differentiation in a dose-dependent manner shown by qPCR, TRAP staining, activity and count. Using several approaches, we show that Osteoactivin binds CD44 in osteoclasts. Furthermore, recombinant Osteoactivin treatment inhibited ERK phosphorylation in a CD44-dependent manner. Finally, we examined the role of Osteoactivin on receptor activator of nuclear factor-κ B ligand (RANKL)-induced osteolysis in vivo. Our data indicate that recombinant Osteoactivin inhibits RANKL-induced osteolysis in vivo and this effect is CD44-dependent. Overall, our data indicate that Osteoactivin is a negative regulator of osteoclastogenesis in vitro and in vivo and that this process is regulated through CD44 and ERK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory R Sondag
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), College of Medicine, Rootstown, OH, USA.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Thomas S Mbimba
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), College of Medicine, Rootstown, OH, USA.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Fouad M Moussa
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), College of Medicine, Rootstown, OH, USA.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Kimberly Novak
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), College of Medicine, Rootstown, OH, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), College of Pharmacy, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Bing Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Fatima A Jaber
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), College of Medicine, Rootstown, OH, USA.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA.,Department of Biology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA
| | - Samir M Abdelmagid
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), College of Medicine, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Werner J Geldenhuys
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Fayez F Safadi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), College of Medicine, Rootstown, OH, USA.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), College of Pharmacy, Rootstown, OH, USA.,Department of Orthopedics, Summa Health Systems, Akron, OH, USA
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Osteopontin Promotes Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase 13 through NF- κB Signaling in Osteoarthritis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:6345656. [PMID: 27656654 PMCID: PMC5021466 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6345656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is associated with the severity and progression of osteoarthritis (OA); however, the mechanism of OPN in the pathogenesis of OA is unknown. In this study, we found that OA patients had higher abundance of OPN and matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13). In chondrocytes, we showed that OPN promoted the production of MMP13 and activation of NF-κB pathway by increasing the abundance of p65 and phosphorylated p65 and translocation of p65 protein from cytoplasm to nucleus. Notably, inhibition of NF-κB pathway by inhibitor suppressed the production of MMP13 induced by OPN treatment. In conclusion, OPN induces production of MMP13 through activation of NF-κB pathway.
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Tu M, Li Y, Zeng C, Deng Z, Gao S, Xiao W, Luo W, Jiang W, Li L, Lei G. MicroRNA-127-5p regulates osteopontin expression and osteopontin-mediated proliferation of human chondrocytes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25032. [PMID: 27126955 PMCID: PMC4850404 DOI: 10.1038/srep25032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the specific microRNA (miRNA) that regulates expression of osteopontin (OPN) in osteoarthritis (OA). The potential regulatory miRNAs for OPN messenger RNA (mRNA) were predicted by miRNA prediction programs. Among eight potential regulatory miRNAs, miR-220b, miR-513a-3p and miR-548n increased, while miR-181a, miR-181b, miR-181c, miR-181d and miR-127-5p decreased in OA patients. miRNA-127-5p mimics suppressed OPN production as well as the activity of a reporter construct containing the 3'-UTR of human OPN mRNA. In addition, mutation of miR-127-5p binding site in the 3'-UTR of OPN mRNA abolished miR-127-5p-mediated repression of reporter activity. Conversely, treatment with miR-127-5p inhibitor increased reporter activity and OPN production. Interestingly, miR-127-5p inhibited proliferation of chondrocytes through OPN. In conclusion, miRNA-127-5p is an important regulator of OPN in human chondrocytes and may contribute to the development of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Tu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Second People's Hospital of Jingmen, Jingmen, 448000, China
| | - Yusheng Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Chao Zeng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Zhenhan Deng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Shuguang Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Wenfeng Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Bone and Joint, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzheng, 518020, China
| | - Liangjun Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.,Department of Joint Surgery, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Guanghua Lei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
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CD44 deficiency inhibits unloading-induced cortical bone loss through downregulation of osteoclast activity. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16124. [PMID: 26530337 PMCID: PMC4632082 DOI: 10.1038/srep16124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The CD44 is cellular surface adhesion molecule that is involved in physiological processes such as hematopoiesis, lymphocyte homing and limb development. It plays an important role in a variety of cellular functions including adhesion, migration, invasion and survival. In bone tissue, CD44 is widely expressed in osteoblasts, osteoclasts and osteocytes. However, the mechanisms underlying its role in bone metabolism remain unclear. We found that CD44 expression was upregulated during osteoclastogenesis. CD44 deficiency in vitro significantly inhibited osteoclast activity and function by regulating the NF-κB/NFATc1-mediated pathway. In vivo, CD44 mRNA levels were significantly upregulated in osteoclasts isolated from the hindlimb of tail-suspended mice. CD44 deficiency can reduce osteoclast activity and counteract cortical bone loss in the hindlimb of unloaded mice. These results suggest that therapeutic inhibition of CD44 may protect from unloading induced bone loss by inhibiting osteoclast activity.
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Brucella abortus Invasion of Osteocytes Modulates Connexin 43 and Integrin Expression and Induces Osteoclastogenesis via Receptor Activator of NF-κB Ligand and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Secretion. Infect Immun 2015; 84:11-20. [PMID: 26459511 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01049-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarticular brucellosis is the most common localization of human active disease. Osteocytes are the most abundant cells of bone. They secrete factors that regulate the differentiation of both osteoblasts and osteoclasts during bone remodeling. The aim of this study is to determine if Brucella abortus infection modifies osteocyte function. Our results indicate that B. abortus infection induced matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), receptor activator for NF-κB ligand (RANKL), proinflammatory cytokines, and keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC) secretion by osteocytes. In addition, supernatants from B. abortus-infected osteocytes induced bone marrow-derived monocytes (BMM) to undergo osteoclastogenesis. Using neutralizing antibodies against tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) or osteoprotegerin (OPG), RANKL's decoy receptor, we determined that TNF-α and RANKL are involved in osteoclastogenesis induced by supernatants from B. abortus-infected osteocytes. Connexin 43 (Cx43) and the integrins E11/gp38, integrin-α, integrin-β, and CD44 are involved in cell-cell interactions necessary for osteocyte survival. B. abortus infection inhibited the expression of Cx43 but did not modify the expression of integrins. Yet the expression of both Cx43 and integrins was inhibited by supernatants from B. abortus-infected macrophages. B. abortus infection was not capable of inducing osteocyte apoptosis. However, supernatants from B. abortus-infected macrophages induced osteocyte apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, our results indicate that B. abortus infection could alter osteocyte function, contributing to bone damage.
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Liu H, Cui J, Sun J, Du J, Feng W, Sun B, Li J, Han X, Liu B, Yimin, Oda K, Amizuka N, Li M. Histochemical evidence of zoledronate inhibiting c-src expression and interfering with CD44/OPN-mediated osteoclast adhesion in the tibiae of mice. J Mol Histol 2015; 46:313-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s10735-015-9620-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Khan UA, Hashimi SM, Khan S, Quan J, Bakr MM, Forwood MR, Morrison NM. Differential Expression of Chemokines, Chemokine Receptors and Proteinases by Foreign Body Giant Cells (FBGCs) and Osteoclasts. J Cell Biochem 2014; 115:1290-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Usman A. Khan
- School of Medical Science; Griffith University; Gold Coast QLD 4215 Australia
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health; Griffith University; Gold Coast QLD 4215 Australia
| | - Saeed M. Hashimi
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health; Griffith University; Gold Coast QLD 4215 Australia
| | - Shershah Khan
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health; Griffith University; Gold Coast QLD 4215 Australia
| | - Jingjing Quan
- School of Medical Science; Griffith University; Gold Coast QLD 4215 Australia
| | - Mahmoud M. Bakr
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health; Griffith University; Gold Coast QLD 4215 Australia
| | - Mark R. Forwood
- School of Medical Science; Griffith University; Gold Coast QLD 4215 Australia
| | - Nigel M. Morrison
- School of Medical Science; Griffith University; Gold Coast QLD 4215 Australia
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Kapp TG, Rechenmacher F, Sobahi TR, Kessler H. Integrin modulators: a patent review. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2014; 23:1273-95. [PMID: 24050747 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2013.818133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Integrins are heterodimeric cell surface receptors, which enable adhesion, proliferation, and migration of cells by recognizing binding motifs in extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. As transmembrane linkers between the cytoskeleton and the ECM, they are able to recruit a huge variety of proteins and to influence signaling pathways bidirectionally, thereby regulating gene expression and cell survival. Hence, integrins play a key role in various physiological as well as pathological processes, which has turned them into an attractive target for pharmaceutical research. AREAS COVERED In this review, the latest therapeutic developments of drug candidates and recently patented integrin ligands are summarized. EXPERT OPINION Integrins have been proven to be valuable therapeutic targets in the treatment of several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, where leukocyte adhesion processes are regulated by them. Furthermore, they play an important role in pathological angiogenesis and tumor metastasis, being a promising target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias G Kapp
- Institute for Advanced Study (IAS) and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Department Chemie, Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching , Germany
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Misra SK, Kondaiah P, Bhattacharya S, Boturyn D, Dumy P. Co-liposomes comprising a lipidated multivalent RGD-peptide and a cationic gemini cholesterol induce selective gene transfection in αvβ3 and αvβ5 integrin receptor-rich cancer cells. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:5758-5767. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00701h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Palmitoylated-RGD4 mediated gene transfer and cell targeting using a cationic gemini cholesterol based liposome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K. Misra
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Paturu Kondaiah
- Department of Molecular Reproduction
- Development and Genetics
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Santanu Bhattacharya
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 560 012, India
- JNCASR
- Bangalore 560 064, India
| | - Didier Boturyn
- Univ Grenoble Alpes
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire
- 38400 Grenoble, France
- CNRS
- UMR 5250
| | - Pascal Dumy
- CNRS
- UMR 5250
- , France
- IBMM-UMR-5247 Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier
- 34296 Montpellier cedex 5, France
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40
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Han RK, Cheng YF, Zhou SS, Guo H, He RD, Chi LJ, Zhang LM. Increased Circulating Th17 Cell Populations and Elevated CSF Osteopontin and IL-17 Concentrations in Patients with Guillain-Barré Syndrome. J Clin Immunol 2013; 34:94-103. [DOI: 10.1007/s10875-013-9965-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Membrane localization of membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase by CD44 regulates the activation of pro-matrix metalloproteinase 9 in osteoclasts. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:302392. [PMID: 23984338 PMCID: PMC3745902 DOI: 10.1155/2013/302392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2013] [Revised: 06/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
CD44, MT1-MMP, and MMP9 are implicated in the migration of osteoclast and bone resorption. This study was designed to determine the functional relationship between CD44 and MT1-MMP in the activation of pro-MMP9. We used osteoclasts isolated from wild-type and CD44-null mice. Results showed that MT1-MMP is present in multiple forms with a molecular mass ~63, 55, and 45 kDa in the membrane of wild-type osteoclasts. CD44-null osteoclasts demonstrated a 55 kDa active MT1-MMP form in the membrane and conditioned medium. It failed to activate pro-MMP9 because TIMP2 binds and inhibits this MT1-MMP (~55 kDa) in CD44-null osteoclasts. The role of MT1-MMP in the activation of pro-MMP9, CD44 expression, and migration was confirmed by knockdown of MT1-MMP in wild-type osteoclasts. Although knockdown of MMP9 suppressed osteoclast migration, it had no effects on MT1-MMP activity or CD44 expression. These results suggest that CD44 and MT1-MMP are directly or indirectly involved in the regulation of pro-MMP9 activation. Surface expression of CD44, membrane localization of MT1-MMP, and activation of pro-MMP9 are the necessary sequence of events in osteoclast migration.
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Ono K, Karolak MR, Ndong JDLC, Wang W, Yang X, Elefteriou F. The ras-GTPase activity of neurofibromin restrains ERK-dependent FGFR signaling during endochondral bone formation. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:3048-62. [PMID: 23571107 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The severe defects in growth plate development caused by chondrocyte extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) gain or loss-of-function suggest that tight spatial and temporal regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling is necessary to achieve harmonious growth plate elongation and structure. We provide here evidence that neurofibromin, via its Ras guanosine triphosphatase -activating activity, controls ERK1/2-dependent fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling in chondrocytes. We show first that neurofibromin is expressed in FGFR-positive prehypertrophic and hypertrophic chondrocytes during growth plate endochondral ossification. Using mice lacking neurofibromin 1 (Nf1) in type II collagen-expressing cells, (Nf1col2(-/-) mutant mice), we then show that lack of neurofibromin in post-mitotic chondrocytes triggers a number of phenotypes reminiscent of the ones observed in mice characterized by FGFR gain-of-function mutations. Those include dwarfism, constitutive ERK1/2 activation, strongly reduced Ihh expression and decreased chondrocyte proliferation and maturation, increased chondrocytic expression of Rankl, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (Mmp9) and Mmp13 and enhanced growth plate osteoclastogenesis, as well as increased sensitivity to caspase-9 mediated apoptosis. Using wildtype (WT) and Nf1(-/-) chondrocyte cultures in vitro, we show that FGF2 pulse-stimulation triggers rapid ERK1/2 phosphorylation in both genotypes, but that return to the basal level is delayed in Nf1(-/-) chondrocytes. Importantly, in vivo ERK1/2 inhibition by daily injection of a recombinant form of C-type natriuretic peptide to post-natal pups for 18 days was able to correct the short stature of Nf1col2(-/-) mice. Together, these results underscore the requirement of neurofibromin and ERK1/2 for normal endochondral bone formation and support the notion that neurofibromin, by restraining RAS-ERK1/2 signaling, is a negative regulator of FGFR signaling in differentiating chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Ono
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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43
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Elevated osteopontin levels in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:615745. [PMID: 23576854 PMCID: PMC3612435 DOI: 10.1155/2013/615745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory mediators are closely associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Osteopontin (OPN) is a proinflammatory cytokine that has been shown to play an important role in various neuroinflammatory diseases. However, the function of OPN in AD and MCI progression is not well defined. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma samples were obtained from 35 AD patients, 31 MCI patients, and 20 other noninflammatory neurologic diseases (OND). Concentrations of OPN in the CSF and plasma were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. During a 3-year clinical followup, 13 MCI patients converted to AD (MCI converters), and 18 were clinically stable (MCI nonconverters). CSF OPN concentrations were significantly increased in AD and MCI converters compared to OND, and increased levels of OPN in AD were associated with MMSE score; OPN protein levels both in the CSF and plasma of newly diagnosed AD patients were higher than that of chronical patients. In MCI converters individuals tested longitudinally, both plasma and CSF OPN concentrations were significantly elevated when they received a diagnosis of AD during followup. Further wide-scale studies are necessary to confirm these results and to shed light on the etiopathogenic role of osteopontin in AD.
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YAMADA S, YOSHIZAWA Y, KAWAKUBO A, IKEDA T, YANAGIGUCHI K, HAYASHI Y. Early gene and protein expression associated with osteoblast differentiation in response to fish collagen peptides powder. Dent Mater J 2013; 32:233-40. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2012-188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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45
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Hiyama S, Sugiyama T, Kusuhara S, Uchida T. Sequential expression of osteoblast phenotypic genes during medullary bone formation and resorption in estrogen-treated male Japanese quails. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2012; 318:344-52. [PMID: 22711567 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.22451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Medullary bone is formed reticularly in the bone marrow cavity of the long bones of female birds. Although this bone matrix contains fewer collagen fibers and more acid mucopolysaccharides than cortical bone, it is not clear that the expression pattern of osteoblast phenotypic genes during bone remodeling. Therefore, 17β-estradiol (E2)-treated male Japanese quails were used to examine the temporal expression patterns of osteoblast phenotypic genes, and to simultaneously confirm the morphological changes occurring in the bone marrow cavity during medullary bone formation and resorption. After E2 treatment, bone lining cells proliferated and developed into mature osteoblasts that had intense alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. These cells began to form medullary bone that contained acid mucopolysaccharides and tartrate-resistantacid phosphatase. Runt-related gene 2 (Runx2) mRNA was stably expressed throughout the process. The expression of both ALP and type I collagen mRNAs increased initially, and then rapidly decreased after day 7, while osteoclasts began to resorb medullary bone at day 5. The expression of bone matrix-related genes peaked at day 5, and suddenly decreased at day 7, except for osteopontin. Taken together with these results, the expression patterns of bone matrix-related genes during the later stages might be related to osteoclast activity. Additionally, the constant expression of Runx2 during bone formation and resorption suggested that osteoprogenitor cells always exist in the bone marrow cavity. Therefore, the expression patterns of these genes and the characteristics of bone matrix might extremely be related to the quick remodeling of medullary bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Hiyama
- Department of Oral Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan.
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46
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Rubert M, Monjo M, Lyngstadaas SP, Ramis JM. Effect of alginate hydrogel containing polyproline-rich peptides on osteoblast differentiation. Biomed Mater 2012; 7:055003. [PMID: 22782012 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/7/5/055003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Polyproline-rich synthetic peptides have previously been shown to induce bone formation and mineralization in vitro and to decrease bone resorption in vivo. Alginate hydrogel formulations containing these synthetic peptides (P2, P5, P6) or Emdogain® (EMD) were tested for surface coating of bone implants. In an aqueous environment, the alginate hydrogels disclosed a highly compact structure suitable for cell adhesion and proliferation. Lack of cytotoxicity of the alginate-gel coating containing peptides was tested in MC3T3-E1 cell cultures. In the present study, relative mRNA expression levels of integrin alpha 8 were induced by P5 compared to untreated alginate gel, and osteopontin mRNA levels were increased after 21 days of culture by treatment with synthetic peptides or EMD compared to control. Further, in agreement with previous results when the synthetic peptides were administered in the culture media, osteocalcin mRNA was significantly upregulated after long-term treatment with the formulated synthetic peptides compared to untreated and EMD alginate gel. These results indicate that the alginate gel is a suitable carrier for the delivery of synthetic peptides, and that the formulation is promising as biodegradable and biocompatible coating for bone implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rubert
- Group of Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering, Research Institute on Health Sciences, University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Abstract
The term matricellular proteins describes a family of structurally unrelated extracellular macromolecules that, unlike structural matrix proteins, do not play a primary role in tissue architecture, but are induced following injury and modulate cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. When released to the matrix, matricellular proteins associate with growth factors, cytokines, and other bioactive effectors and bind to cell surface receptors transducing signaling cascades. Matricellular proteins are upregulated in the injured and remodeling heart and play an important role in regulation of inflammatory, reparative, fibrotic and angiogenic pathways. Thrombospondin (TSP)-1, -2, and -4 as well as tenascin-C and -X secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), osteopontin, periostin, and members of the CCN family (including CCN1 and CCN2/connective tissue growth factor) are involved in a variety of cardiac pathophysiological conditions, including myocardial infarction, cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, aging-associated myocardial remodeling, myocarditis, diabetic cardiomyopathy, and valvular disease. This review discusses the properties and characteristics of the matricellular proteins and presents our current knowledge on their role in cardiac adaptation and disease. Understanding the role of matricellular proteins in myocardial pathophysiology and identification of the functional domains responsible for their actions may lead to design of peptides with therapeutic potential for patients with heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Forchheimer G46B, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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48
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Galindo-Moreno P, Hernández-Cortés P, Mesa F, Carranza N, Juodzbalys G, Aguilar M, O'Valle F. Slow Resorption of Anorganic Bovine Bone by Osteoclasts in Maxillary Sinus Augmentation. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2012; 15:858-66. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1708-8208.2012.00445.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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49
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Connolly EC, Akhurst RJ. The complexities of TGF-β action during mammary and squamous cell carcinogenesis. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2011; 12:2138-49. [PMID: 21619543 PMCID: PMC3520605 DOI: 10.2174/138920111798808284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2010] [Revised: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Many advanced tumors produce excess amounts of Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β), which is a potent growth inhibitor of normal epithelial cells. However, in tumors its homeostatic action on cells can be diverted along several alternative pathways. Thus, TGF-β signaling has been reported to elicit a preventative or tumor suppressive effect during the earlier stages of tumorigenesis, but later in tumor development, when carcinoma cells become refractory to TGF-β-mediated growth inhibition, response to TGF-β signaling elicits predominantly tumor progressing effects. This is not a simple switch from suppression to progression, but more like a rheostat, involving multiple complementary and antagonizing activities that slowly tip the balance from one to the other. This review will focus on the multiple activities of TGF-β in regulation of two epithelial tumor types, namely squamous cell carcinoma and breast cancer. Basic findings in current mouse models of cancer are presented, as well as a discussion of the complicating issue of outcome of altered TGFβ signaling depending on genetic variability between mouse strains. This review also discusses the role TGF-β within the tumor microenvironment particularly its ability to polarize the microenvironment towards a pro-tumorigenic milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin C. Connolly
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, California 94143-0512. USA
| | - Rosemary J. Akhurst
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, California 94143-0512. USA
- Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, California 94143-0512. USA
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Mellis DJ, Itzstein C, Helfrich MH, Crockett JC. The skeleton: a multi-functional complex organ: the role of key signalling pathways in osteoclast differentiation and in bone resorption. J Endocrinol 2011; 211:131-43. [PMID: 21903860 DOI: 10.1530/joe-11-0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Osteoclasts are the specialised cells that resorb bone matrix and are important both for the growth and shaping of bones throughout development as well as during the process of bone remodelling that occurs throughout life to maintain a healthy skeleton. Osteoclast formation, function and survival are tightly regulated by a network of signalling pathways, many of which have been identified through the study of rare monogenic diseases, knockout mouse models and animal strains carrying naturally occurring mutations in key molecules. In this review, we describe the processes of osteoclast formation, activation and function and discuss the major transcription factors and signalling pathways (including those that control the cytoskeletal rearrangements) that are important at each stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Mellis
- Musculoskeletal Research Programme, University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, UK
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