1
|
Ait Oumghar I, Barkaoui A, Chabrand P, Ghazi AE, Jeanneau C, Guenoun D, Pivonka P. Experimental-based mechanobiological modeling of the anabolic and catabolic effects of breast cancer on bone remodeling. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2022; 21:1841-1856. [PMID: 36001274 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-022-01623-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Bone is a biological tissue characterized by its hierarchical organization. This material has the ability to be continually renewed, which makes it highly adaptative to external loadings. Bone renewing is managed by a dynamic biological process called bone remodeling (BR), where continuous resorption of old bone and formation of new bone permits to change the bone composition and microstructure. Unfortunately, because of several factors, such as age, hormonal imbalance, and a variety of pathologies including cancer metastases, this process can be disturbed leading to various bone diseases. In this study, we have investigated the effect of breast cancer (BC) metastases causing osteolytic bone loss. BC has the ability to affect bone quantity in different ways in each of its primary and secondary stages. Based on a BR mathematical model, we modeled the BC cells' interaction with bone cells to assess their effect on bone volume fraction (BV/TV) evolution during the remodeling process. Some of the parameters used in our model have been determined experimentally using the enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA) and the MTT assay. Our numerical simulations show that primary BC plays a significant role in enhancing bone-forming cells' activity leading to a 6.22% increase in BV/TV over 1 year. On the other hand, secondary BC causes a noticeable decrease in BV/TV reaching 15.74% over 2 years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imane Ait Oumghar
- LERMA Lab, Université Internationale de Rabat, Rocade Rabat Salé 11100, Rabat-Sala El Jadida, Morocco.,Université Aix-Marseille, ISM, 163 av. de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Abdelwahed Barkaoui
- LERMA Lab, Université Internationale de Rabat, Rocade Rabat Salé 11100, Rabat-Sala El Jadida, Morocco.
| | - Patrick Chabrand
- Université Aix-Marseille, ISM, 163 av. de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Abdellatif El Ghazi
- TIC Lab, Université Internationale de Rabat, Rocade Rabat Salé 11100, Rabat-Sala El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Charlotte Jeanneau
- Université Aix-Marseille, ISM, 163 av. de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Daphne Guenoun
- Université Aix-Marseille, ISM, 163 av. de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Peter Pivonka
- Biomechanics and Spine Research Group, Queensland University of Technology at the Centre for Children's Health Research, South Brisbane, 4101, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Amer OE, Wani K, Ansari MGA, Alnaami AM, Aljohani N, Abdi S, Hussain SD, Al-Daghri NM, Alokail MS. Associations of Bone Mineral Density with RANKL and Osteoprotegerin in Arab Postmenopausal Women: A Cross-Sectional Study. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58080976. [PMID: 35893092 PMCID: PMC9330386 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58080976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and objective: There is limited information as to the association of several key bone markers with bone mineral density (BMD) in understudied ethnic groups. This study investigated the relationship between circulating levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) with BMD in Arab postmenopausal women. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 617 Saudi postmenopausal women from the Osteoporosis Registry of the Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases were included. Anthropometric data, BMD, and biochemical data were retrieved from the registry. Participants were stratified into three groups based on T-score; n = 169 with osteoporosis, n = 282 with osteopenia, and n = 166 normal. Analysis of bone markers including RANKL, OPG, osteocalcin, and N-terminal telopeptide (NTx) was completed using commercially available bioassays. Results: The results suggested that OPG was significantly and positively correlated with age in the osteoporosis group (r = 0.29, p < 0.05), while it was inversely correlated with BMD femoral neck left (r = −0.56, p < 0.001) and BMD femoral neck right (r = −0.37, p < 0.05) in the same group. Moreover, RANKL showed a significant inverse correlation with NTx in the osteopenia group (r = −0.37, p < 0.05). Furthermore, the RANKL/OPG ratio had a positive and significant correlation with BMI (r = 0.34, p < 0.05), BMD femoral neck left (r = 0.36, p < 0.05) and BMD femoral neck right (r = 0.35, p < 0.05) in the osteopenia group. By contrast, it showed a significant inverse correlation with waist to hip ratio in the osteoporosis group (r = −0.38, p < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis showed that OPG contributes to BMD variations in the osteopenia group (p = 0.03). Conclusions: In conclusion, changes in circulating levels of RANKL and OPG might be a protective mechanism contrary to the increased bone loss in postmenopausal women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osama E. Amer
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (O.E.A.); (K.W.); (M.G.A.A.); (A.M.A.); (S.A.); (S.D.H.)
| | - Kaiser Wani
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (O.E.A.); (K.W.); (M.G.A.A.); (A.M.A.); (S.A.); (S.D.H.)
| | - Mohammed G. A. Ansari
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (O.E.A.); (K.W.); (M.G.A.A.); (A.M.A.); (S.A.); (S.D.H.)
| | - Abdullah M. Alnaami
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (O.E.A.); (K.W.); (M.G.A.A.); (A.M.A.); (S.A.); (S.D.H.)
| | - Naji Aljohani
- Obesity, Endocrine and Metabolic Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 59046, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Saba Abdi
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (O.E.A.); (K.W.); (M.G.A.A.); (A.M.A.); (S.A.); (S.D.H.)
| | - Syed D. Hussain
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (O.E.A.); (K.W.); (M.G.A.A.); (A.M.A.); (S.A.); (S.D.H.)
| | - Nasser M. Al-Daghri
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (O.E.A.); (K.W.); (M.G.A.A.); (A.M.A.); (S.A.); (S.D.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-14675939; Fax: +966-14675931
| | - Majed S. Alokail
- Protein Research Chair, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mori K, Mizokami A, Sano T, Mukai S, Hiura F, Ayukawa Y, Koyano K, Kanematsu T, Jimi E. RANKL elevation activates the NIK/NF-κB pathway, inducing obesity in ovariectomized mice. J Endocrinol 2022; 254:27-36. [PMID: 35638559 DOI: 10.1530/joe-21-0424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Menopausal women are susceptible to visceral obesity, which increases the risk of metabolic disorders. However, the mechanisms of menopause-induced visceral fat accumulation are not fully understood. Circulating levels of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL) are elevated in an animal model of menopause. RANKL, a multifunctional cytokine, activates the NF-κB pathway, which serves as a pivotal mediator of inflammatory responses. Here, we investigated whether RANKL-induced non-canonical NF-κB pathway activation induces inflammation and lipid accumulation in adipose tissues. RANKL induced Tnfa expression via the non-canonical NF-κB pathway in bone marrow cells. We therefore analyzed aly/aly mice, in which the non-canonical NF-κB pathway is not activated, owing to an inactive form of NF-κB-inducing kinase. A postmenopausal obesity model was generated by ovariectomy and subsequent high-fat and high-sucrose diet feeding. In aly/aly mice with postmenopausal obesity, serum RANKL levels were elevated, and hepatic lipid accumulation and adipocyte hypertrophy were suppressed, resulting in reduced macrophage infiltration and inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression in visceral adipose tissue. Furthermore, aly/aly mice showed protection from glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, which were observed in ovariectomized WT obese mice. These findings indicate that non-canonical NF-κB pathway activation via serum RANKL elevation contributes to postmenopausal obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Mori
- K Mori, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akiko Mizokami
- A Mizokami, Oral Health/Brain Health/Total Health Research Center, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomomi Sano
- T Sano, Department of Cell Biology, Aging Science, and Pharmacology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satoru Mukai
- S Mukai, Department of Health and Nutrition Care, University of East Asia, Shimonoseki, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Hiura
- F Hiura, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasunori Ayukawa
- Y Ayukawa, Section of Implant and Rehabilitative Dentistr, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Koyano
- K Koyano, Division of Advanced Dental Devices and Therapeutics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Kanematsu
- T Kanematsu, Department of Cell Biology, Aging Science, and Pharmacology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Eijiro Jimi
- E Jimi, Oral Health/Brain Health/Total Health Research Center, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Salehiamin M, Toolee H, Azami M, Tafti SHA, Mojaverrostami S, Halimi S, Barakzai S, Sobhani A, Abbasi Y. Chitosan Scaffold Containing Periostin Enhances Sternum Bone Healing and Decreases Serum Level of TNF-α and IL-6 after Sternotomy in Rat. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 19:839-852. [PMID: 35199306 PMCID: PMC9294132 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-022-00434-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the aftermath of bone injuries, such as cranium and sternum, bone wax (BW) is used to control bleeding from the bone surfaces during surgery. Made up of artificial substances, however, it is associated with many complications such as inflammation, increased risk for infection, and bone repair delay. We, therefore, in this study set out to design and evaluate a novel BW without the above-mentioned side-effects reported for other therapies. METHODS The pastes (new BW(s)) were prepared in the laboratory and examined by MTT, MIC, MBC, and degradability tests. Then, 60 adult male Wistar rats, divided into six equal groups including chitosan (CT), CT-octacalcium phosphate (OCP), CT-periostin (Post), CT-OCP-Post, Control (Ctrl), and BW, underwent sternotomy surgery. Once the surgeries were completed, the bone repair was assessed radiologically and thereafter clinically in vivo and in vitro using CT-scan, H&E, ELISA, and qRT-PCR. RESULTS All pastes displayed antibacterial properties and the CT-Post group had the highest cell viability compared to the control group. In contrast to the BW, CT-Post group demonstrated weight changes in the degradability test. In the CT-Post group, more number of osteocyte cells, high trabeculae percentage, and the least fibrous connective tissue were observed compared to other groups. Additionally, in comparison to the CT and Ctrl groups, higher alkaline phosphatase activity, as well as decreased level of serum tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and OCN in the CT-Post group was evident. Finally, Runx2, OPG, and RANKL genes' expression was significantly higher in the CT-Post group than in other groups. CONCLUSION Our results provide insights into the desirability of pastes in terms of cellular viability, degradability, antibacterial properties, and surgical site restoration compared to the BW group. Besides, Periostin could enhance the osteogenic properties of bone tissue defect site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Salehiamin
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Heidar Toolee
- School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Azami
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Ahmadi Tafti
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Mojaverrostami
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahnaz Halimi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shogoofa Barakzai
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aligholi Sobhani
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Yasaman Abbasi
- School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sabry M, Mostafa S, Kamar S, Rashed L, Estaphan S. The cross-talk between matrix metalloproteinase-9, RANKL/OPG system and cardiovascular risk factors in ovariectomized rat model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258254. [PMID: 34610044 PMCID: PMC8491879 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiology and pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and osteoporosis are strikingly overlapping. This study presents matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), as a simple molecular link more consistently associated with the pathophysiology of both osteoporosis and CVD risk factors. 40 adult female rats were randomly distributed into 4 groups [control sham-operated, untreated osteoporosis, carvedilol-treated osteoporosis and alendronate-treated osteoporosis]. After 8 weeks, blood samples were collected to estimate Lipid profile (Total cholesterol, HDL, Triglycerides), inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNF alpha, CRP and NO), and Bone turnover markers (BTM) (Alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin and pyridinoline). The tibias were dissected to estimate MMP-9 and NF-kB gene expression, OPG, RANKL levels and for histological examination. Induction of osteoporosis resulted in a significant elevation in BTM, inflammatory markers and dyslipidemia. MMP-9 was significantly elevated and positively correlated with BTM, inflammation and dyslipidemia markers. Carvedilol and alendronate exerted a bone preservative role and attenuated dyslipidaemia and inflammation in accordance with their respective effect on MMP-9.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maha Sabry
- Faculty of Medicine, Physiology Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Seham Mostafa
- Faculty of Medicine, Physiology Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Samaa Kamar
- Faculty of Medicine, Histology and Cell Biology Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Histology Department, Armed Forces College of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Laila Rashed
- Faculty of Medicine, Biochemistry Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Suzanne Estaphan
- Faculty of Medicine, Physiology Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- ANU Medical School, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- * E-mail: ,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Age-related changes and reference intervals of RANKL, OPG, and bone turnover markers in Indian women. Arch Osteoporos 2021; 16:146. [PMID: 34606009 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-021-01014-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED RANKL and OPG are cytokines involved in bone remodeling that makes them potential bone biomarkers. The reference interval for these cytokines, their ratio, and bone turnover markers CTX and PINP were established in Indian women, which may serve in diagnosis and management of osteoporosis. PURPOSE The aim of the study was to establish reference interval for RANKL, OPG, RANKL/OPG, and bone turnover markers CTX and PINP in healthy Indian women. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study on 374 healthy Indian women in the age group of 20-65 years. Serum levels of total RANKL, OPG, CTX, PINP, and estradiol were determined by commercial ELISA kits. The reference intervals for these cytokines and bone turnover markers were based on the 95% centrally distributed data. RESULTS Median RANKL (245.6 pmol/L vs. 149 pmol/L) and RANKL/OPG (38.7 vs. 20.4) were higher, while sCTX (380 ng/L vs. 551 ng/L) and OPG levels (6.1 pmol/L vs. 7.4 pmol/L) were lower in premenopausal women than those in postmenopausal women. PINP levels were comparable in both groups. Women were classified into 5 groups according to decades of age and the reference intervals for RANKL, OPG, RANKL/OPG ratio, and CTX and PINP in each group were reported. CONCLUSION We reported menopausal status-based and age-related reference intervals for serum RANKL, OPG, RANKL/OPG ratio, and CTX and PINP in healthy Indian women.
Collapse
|
7
|
Assessment of Serum sRANKL, sRANKL/OPG Ratio, and Other Bone Turnover Markers with the Estimated 10-Year Risk of Major and Hip Osteoporotic Fractures in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Cross-Sectional Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5567666. [PMID: 34497849 PMCID: PMC8421166 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5567666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX) index was developed for estimating of the 10-year risk of major or hip osteoporotic fracture. To date, there is insufficient information regarding the correlation between FRAX and serum bone turnover markers (BTMs), such as soluble ligand of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (sRANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and other molecules related with secondary osteoporosis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Therefore, this study is aimed at assessing the correlation between the FRAX and serum levels of sRANKL, OPG, sRANKL/OPG ratio, Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1), and sclerostin (SOST) in RA. Methods Cross-sectional study included 156 postmenopausal women with RA. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at lumbar spine (L1-L4) and total hip using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). RA patients were divided into (A) RA + osteoporosis and (B) RA without osteoporosis. FRAX scores were calculated including the total hip BMD. Serum sRANKL, OPG, DKK-1, and SOST levels were measured by ELISA. Pearson tests were used for assessing the correlation between serum levels of these molecules and FRAX scores in RA. Results The RA + osteoporosis group had elevated sRANKL levels (p = 0.005), higher sRANKL/OPG ratio (p = 0.017), decreased DKK-1 (p = 0.028), and lower SOST levels (p < 0.001). Low total hip BMD correlated with high sRANKL (p = 0.001) and sRANKL/OPG ratio (p = 0.005). Total hip and lumbar spine BMD correlated with DKK-1 (p = 0.009 and p = 0.05, respectively) and SOST levels (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Higher sRANKL levels and sRANKL/OPG ratio correlated with estimated 10-year risk of a major osteoporotic fractures (p = 0.003 and p = 0.003, respectively) and hip fracture (p = 0.002 and p = 0.006, respectively). High serum SOST levels were associated with a low estimated 10-year risk of a major osteoporotic fracture (p = 0.003) and hip fracture (p = 0.009). Conclusion High sRANKL levels and sRANKL/OPG ratio can be useful to detect a subgroup of RA patients who has an increased 10-year risk of major and hip osteoporotic fractures.
Collapse
|
8
|
Romero-Márquez JM, Varela-López A, Navarro-Hortal MD, Badillo-Carrasco A, Forbes-Hernández TY, Giampieri F, Domínguez I, Madrigal L, Battino M, Quiles JL. Molecular Interactions between Dietary Lipids and Bone Tissue during Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126473. [PMID: 34204176 PMCID: PMC8233828 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related bone disorders such as osteoporosis or osteoarthritis are a major public health problem due to the functional disability for millions of people worldwide. Furthermore, fractures are associated with a higher degree of morbidity and mortality in the long term, which generates greater financial and health costs. As the world population becomes older, the incidence of this type of disease increases and this effect seems notably greater in those countries that present a more westernized lifestyle. Thus, increased efforts are directed toward reducing risks that need to focus not only on the prevention of bone diseases, but also on the treatment of persons already afflicted. Evidence is accumulating that dietary lipids play an important role in bone health which results relevant to develop effective interventions for prevent bone diseases or alterations, especially in the elderly segment of the population. This review focuses on evidence about the effects of dietary lipids on bone health and describes possible mechanisms to explain how lipids act on bone metabolism during aging. Little work, however, has been accomplished in humans, so this is a challenge for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose M. Romero-Márquez
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology ‘‘José Mataix”, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Armilla, Avda. del Conocimiento s.n., 18100 Armilla, Spain; (J.M.R.-M.); (A.V.-L.); (M.D.N.-H.); (A.B.-C.)
| | - Alfonso Varela-López
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology ‘‘José Mataix”, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Armilla, Avda. del Conocimiento s.n., 18100 Armilla, Spain; (J.M.R.-M.); (A.V.-L.); (M.D.N.-H.); (A.B.-C.)
| | - María D. Navarro-Hortal
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology ‘‘José Mataix”, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Armilla, Avda. del Conocimiento s.n., 18100 Armilla, Spain; (J.M.R.-M.); (A.V.-L.); (M.D.N.-H.); (A.B.-C.)
| | - Alberto Badillo-Carrasco
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology ‘‘José Mataix”, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Armilla, Avda. del Conocimiento s.n., 18100 Armilla, Spain; (J.M.R.-M.); (A.V.-L.); (M.D.N.-H.); (A.B.-C.)
| | - Tamara Y. Forbes-Hernández
- Nutrition and Food Science Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain;
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Department of Clinical Sicences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (F.G.); (M.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Irma Domínguez
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain;
- Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Calle 15 Num. 36, Entre 10 y 12 IMI III, Campeche 24560, Mexico;
| | - Lorena Madrigal
- Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Calle 15 Num. 36, Entre 10 y 12 IMI III, Campeche 24560, Mexico;
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Department of Clinical Sicences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (F.G.); (M.B.)
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - José L. Quiles
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology ‘‘José Mataix”, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Armilla, Avda. del Conocimiento s.n., 18100 Armilla, Spain; (J.M.R.-M.); (A.V.-L.); (M.D.N.-H.); (A.B.-C.)
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Comprehensive assessment of tissue and serum parameters of bone metabolism in a series of orthopaedic patients. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0227133. [PMID: 31881044 PMCID: PMC6934299 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone diseases represent an increasing health burden worldwide, and basic research remains necessary to better understand the complexity of these pathologies and to improve and expand existing prevention and treatment approaches. In the present study, 216 bone samples from the caput femoris and collum femoris of 108 patients with degenerative or dysplastic coxarthrosis, hip fracture, or osteonecrosis were evaluated for the proportion of trabecular bone (TB) and expression of parathyroid hormone (PTH) type 1 receptor (PTH1R), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL). Serum levels of PTH, OPG, soluble RANKL (sRANKL), alkaline phosphatase (AP), osteocalcin, total procollagen type-1 intact N-terminal propeptide (TP1NP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase type 5b (TRAP5b), sclerostin, and C-telopeptide of type-1 collagen (ICTP) were also determined. Age was positively correlated with serum levels of PTH, OPG, and sclerostin but negatively associated with TB and sRANKL. Women exhibited less TB, lower sclerostin and ICTP, and higher TRAP5b. Impaired kidney function was associated with shorter bone decalcification time, less TB, lower sRANKL, and higher serum PTH, OPG, and sclerostin. Furthermore, correlations were observed between bone PTH1R and OPG expression and between serum PTH, OPG, and AP. There were also positive correlations between serum OPG and TP1NP; serum OPG and sclerostin; serum AP, osteocalcin, and TRAP5b; and serum sclerostin and ICTP. Serum OPG was negatively associated with sRANKL. In summary, clear relationships between specific bone metabolism markers were observed, and distinct influences of age, sex, and kidney function, thus underscoring their suitability as diagnostic or prognostic markers.
Collapse
|
10
|
Parveen B, Parveen A, Vohora D. Biomarkers of Osteoporosis: An Update. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2019; 19:895-912. [DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666190204165207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Osteoporosis, characterized by compromised bone quality and strength is
associated with bone fragility and fracture risk. Biomarkers are crucial for the diagnosis or prognosis
of a disease as well as elucidating the mechanism of drug action and improve decision making.
Objective:
An exhaustive description of traditional markers including bone mineral density, vitamin D,
alkaline phosphatase, along with potential markers such as microarchitectural determination, trabecular
bone score, osteocalcin, etc. is provided in the current piece of work. This review provides insight into
novel pathways such as the Wnt signaling pathway, neuro-osseous control, adipogenic hormonal imbalance,
gut-bone axis, genetic markers and the role of inflammation that has been recently implicated
in osteoporosis.
Methods:
We extensively reviewed articles from the following databases: PubMed, Medline and Science
direct. The primary search was conducted using a combination of the following keywords: osteoporosis,
bone, biomarkers, bone turnover markers, diagnosis, density, architecture, genetics, inflammation.
Conclusion:
Early diagnosis and intervention delay the development of disease and improve treatment
outcome. Therefore, probing for novel biomarkers that are able to recognize people at high risk for
developing osteoporosis is an effective way to improve the quality of life of patients and to understand
the pathomechanism of the disease in a better way.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Parveen
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New-Delhi-10062, India
| | - Abida Parveen
- Department of Clinical Research, School of Interdisciplinary Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New-Delhi-10062, India
| | - Divya Vohora
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New-Delhi-10062, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sarink D, Yang J, Johnson T, Chang-Claude J, Overvad K, Olsen A, Tjønneland A, Fournier A, Mancini FR, Kvaskoff M, Boeing H, Trichopoulou A, Karakatsani A, Valanou E, Agnoli C, Sacerdote C, Masala G, Mattiello A, Tumino R, Van Gils CH, Skeie G, Gram IT, Weiderpass E, Lujan-Barroso L, Petrova D, Santiuste C, Quirós JR, Barricarte A, Amiano P, Travis RC, Gunter M, Dossus L, Christakoudi S, Kaaks R, Fortner RT. Reproductive and Lifestyle Factors and Circulating sRANKL and OPG Concentrations in Women: Results from the EPIC Cohort. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2019; 28:1746-1754. [PMID: 31292137 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Except for a documented increase in osteoprotegerin (OPG) concentrations with older age, data on determinants of soluble Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor κB (sRANKL) and OPG concentrations in women are limited. We evaluated reproductive and lifestyle factors as potential sources of variation in circulating sRANKL and OPG concentrations in pre- and postmenopausal women. METHODS This study includes 2,016 controls [n = 1,552 (76%) postmenopausal, n = 757 (38%) using postmenopausal hormone therapy (PMH)] from a breast cancer case-control study nested in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. Serum sRANKL was measured using an ELISA and serum OPG using an electrochemiluminescent assay. Generalized linear models were used to evaluate associations between these analytes and reproductive and lifestyle factors. RESULTS Older age at blood collection was associated with lower sRANKL concentrations in postmenopausal women (P trend ≤ 0.03) and higher OPG concentrations in all women (P trend ≤ 0.01). Longer duration of oral contraceptive use among premenopausal women and postmenopausal PMH users was associated with higher OPG (P trend ≤ 0.04). In postmenopausal non-PMH users, sRANKL concentrations were lower with longer duration of oral contraceptive use and current (vs. never) smoking (P ≤ 0.01). sRANKL concentrations were higher among women with higher BMI (P trend ≤ 0.01). The evaluated factors accounted for 12% of the variation in sRANKL concentrations and 21% of the variation in OPG concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Circulating sRANKL and OPG concentrations are minimally impacted by hormone-related factors in pre- and postmenopausal women. IMPACT This study suggests circulating concentrations of sRANKL and OPG are unlikely to be strongly modified by hormone-related reproductive and lifestyle factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danja Sarink
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jiaxi Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Theron Johnson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- University Cancer Center Hamburg, Cancer Epidemiology Group, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anja Olsen
- Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Agnès Fournier
- CESP, Fac. de médecine - Univ. Paris-Sud, Fac. de médecine - UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Francesca Romana Mancini
- CESP, Fac. de médecine - Univ. Paris-Sud, Fac. de médecine - UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Marina Kvaskoff
- CESP, Fac. de médecine - Univ. Paris-Sud, Fac. de médecine - UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | | | - Anna Karakatsani
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- 2nd Pulmonary Medicine Department, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "ATTIKON" University Hospital, Haidari, Greece
| | | | - Claudia Agnoli
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital and Center for Cancer Prevention (CPO), Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network - ISPRO, Florence, Italy
| | - Amalia Mattiello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Department, "Civic M.P.Arezzo," Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale, Ragusa, Italy
| | - Carla H Van Gils
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Guri Skeie
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Inger Torhild Gram
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Leila Lujan-Barroso
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dafina Petrova
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. Granada, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Santiuste
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Aurelio Barricarte
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Pilar Amiano
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Ruth C Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Gunter
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Laure Dossus
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Sofia Christakoudi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Akhtar Ali S, Kang H, Olney R, Ramos-Platt L, Ryabets-Lienhard A, Georgia S, Pitukcheewanont P. Quantifying RANKL and OPG levels in healthy children: A large cross-sectional analysis. Bone 2019; 127:215-219. [PMID: 31212033 PMCID: PMC10491732 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There have been new advances in understanding bone remodeling on a molecular level including the RANKL-OPG pathway, leading to advancements in targeted therapeutic intervention. There is however limited data in pediatrics with little known on normative values in healthy children. This is the largest cohort to quantify RANKL, OPG, and RANKL: OPG levels in healthy children as well as study the influence of age, gender, Tanner stage, and BMI in this population. METHODS Healthy subjects, 1-21 years of age, were recruited from general pediatric clinics affiliated with CHLA and in collaboration with samples stored from a previously completed study. Healthy children were defined as those with no chronic disease, daily medication, or fractures in the past six months. Free soluble RANKL and OPG levels were quantified using a sandwich ELISA. RESULTS Three hundred samples were collected with overall serum concentrations of RANKL, OPG and RANKL: OPG of 0.28 pmol/L, 3.56 pmol/L and 0.08 pmol/L, respectively. Serum RANKL and RANKL: OPG concentrations were significantly different by age (p = 0.0001 and 0.0027, respectively). There was an overall downward trend by age except in the 11-15-year age group where a slight increase was noted. RANKL concentrations were also significantly different between Tanner stages, with highest concentrations seen at Tanner 3 (p = 0.0481), and zBMI (p = 0.001). OPG was inversely correlated with zBMI, but not influenced by gender, age, or Tanner stage. CONCLUSION We showed significant difference in RANKL levels by age, Tanner stage, and zBMI. OPG was inversely correlated with zBMI. Insight into circulating levels of RANKL, OPG and RANKL: OPG in healthy children may be a potential tool to better understand disease states in pediatrics. Future studies are needed to evaluate the clinical significance of RANKL and OPG levels for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Akhtar Ali
- Center For Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Children's Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA), United States of America.
| | - Harsimar Kang
- University of Southern California, United States of America
| | - Robert Olney
- Division of Endocrinology, Nemour Children's Hospital, Jacksonville, FL, United States of America
| | | | - Anna Ryabets-Lienhard
- Center For Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Children's Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA), United States of America
| | - Senta Georgia
- Saban Research Institute, CHLA, United States of America; Diabetes & Obesity Program, Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, CHLA and Keck School of Medicine of USC, United States of America
| | - Pisit Pitukcheewanont
- Center For Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Children's Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA), United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Azizieh FY, Shehab D, Jarallah KA, Gupta R, Raghupathy R. Circulatory Levels of RANKL, OPG, and Oxidative Stress Markers in Postmenopausal Women With Normal or Low Bone Mineral Density. Biomark Insights 2019; 14:1177271919843825. [PMID: 31452599 PMCID: PMC6700864 DOI: 10.1177/1177271919843825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and oxidative stress markers are suggested to contribute to bone loss in osteoporosis that occurs in menopause. However, the association between these markers and bone mineral density (BMD) is controversial. The aim of this study was to measure circulatory levels of these parameters in postmenopausal women with normal or low BMD. Methods: The study population included 71 postmenopausal women, of whom 25 had normal BMD, 31 had osteopenia, and 15 had osteoporosis. Serum levels of RANKL, OPG, and 5 oxidative stress markers (catalase, peroxiredoxin 2 [PRX2], superoxide dismutase 1 [SOD1], superoxide dismutase 2 [SOD2], and thioredoxin [TRx1]) were measured using the Multiplex system. Results: As compared with subjects having normal BMD, subjects with low BMD had significantly lower median serum levels of OPG, catalase, SOD2, and PRX2 (P = .004, .031, .044, and .041 respectively). Although levels of RANKL were not different between the 2 groups, the RANKL/OPG ratio was higher in women with low BMD (P = .027). Conclusions: These data provide insights into the possible roles of OPG, RANKL, and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis. However, the lack of association between these markers and BMD indicates that osteoporosis is complex and multivariate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fawaz Y Azizieh
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, International Centre for Applied Mathematics and Computational Bioengineering, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Hawally, Kuwait
| | - Diaa Shehab
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Khaled Al Jarallah
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Renu Gupta
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Raj Raghupathy
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Valentini A, Cianfarani MA, Tarantino U, Di Daniele N, Bertoli A. Osteoprotegerin as a biomarker of geriatric frailty syndrome. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:4900-4909. [PMID: 31311890 PMCID: PMC6682533 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The lack of a univocal definition of frailty, a condition frequently found in the elderly population which is correlated with an increased risk of mortality, has prompted the search for clinical and laboratory parameters associated with this condition. Whereas OPG is a protein involved in different pathophysiological conditions including bone, vascular, immune and tumor disease and studies found a positive linear correlation between OPG and age we hypothesized that it may represent a frailty marker in the elderly.We conducted an observational study of 172 elderly subjects, with and without hip fracture, including a multidimensional geriatric evaluation and a laboratory evaluation, aimed to evaluate the association between OPG and frailty.Frailty Score was associated with FT3 and osteoprotegerin (OPG), regardless of fracture event. Excluding subjects with hip fracture, in whom the acute event had a direct effect on bone production of OPG, the Frailty Score showed a linear correlation with circulating levels of osteoprotegerin.In the elderly, an increase in osteoprotegerin levels may reflect a progressive accumulation of organ damage leading to the development of frailty. The correlation between OPG and Frailty Score found in our study points to its potential use as a biomarker for geriatric frailty syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Valentini
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Umberto Tarantino
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Di Daniele
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Aldo Bertoli
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chen C, Zheng H, Qi S. Genistein and Silicon Synergistically Protects Against Ovariectomy-Induced Bone Loss Through Upregulating OPG/RANKL Ratio. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 188:441-450. [PMID: 30014283 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1433-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
We have reported that genistein (Gen) and silicon (Si) have synergistic effects on ovariectomy-induced bone loss in rat; however, the potential mechanisms behind this effect were not fully clarified yet. This study was performed to evaluate the bone protective mechanisms of concomitant intake of genistein and silicon in ovariectomized rat by OPG/RANKL axis. Three-month-old Sprague-Dawley female rats were subjected to ovariectomy (OVX) or sham surgery; after surgery, the OVX rats were randomly divided into five groups: OVX-Gen, OVX-Si, OVX-Gen-Si, OVX-E, and OVX. Genistein, silicon, and 17β-estradiol supplementation were started after ovariectomy and continued for 10 weeks. The results showed that genistein and silicon treatment increased the bone mineral density (BMD) of ovariectomized rats. In addition, the BMD of the tibia and femur were highest in the OVX-Gen-Si group compared with OVX-Gen and OVX-Si group (p < 0.05). After 10 weeks treatment with genistein and silicon, the bone structure of ovariectomized rats was recovered, there was no difference of bone histomorphometric parameters between OVX-Gen-Si, OVX-E, and SHAM group (p > 0.05), and there was no difference in the concentration of serum ALP, Ca, P, OPG, and RANKL between OVX-Gen-Si, SHAM, and OVX-E groups (p > 0.05). RT-PCR showed that genistein and silicon treatment could effectively increase the OPG mRNA expression and decreased the RANKL mRNA expression compared to that of the OVX group (p < 0.05), the OPG/RANKL mRNA ratios were significantly decreased in the OVX group (p < 0.05), and it was nearly to normal in the OVX-Gen-Si group. Immunohistochemical staining results showed that genistein and silicon supplementation could effectively increase the protein expression of OPG and decrease the protein expression of RANKL in bone tissues; there were no significant differences in OPG and RANKL positive expression areas between OVX-Gen-Si, SHAM, and OVX-E group (p > 0.05). The results above indicate that genistein and silicon supplementation can effectively reduce RANKL, increase OPG levels, and OPG/RANKL ratios in the serum and bone tissue of ovariectomized rats; this is the main mechanism by which genistein and silicon play a bone protective role in ovariectomized rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Chinese-German Joint Laboratory for Natural Product Research, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Qinling-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C.I.C, Shaanxi University of Technology, Chaoyang Road, Hantai District, Hanzhong, 723000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hongxing Zheng
- Chinese-German Joint Laboratory for Natural Product Research, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Qinling-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C.I.C, Shaanxi University of Technology, Chaoyang Road, Hantai District, Hanzhong, 723000, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Shanshan Qi
- Vitamin D research institute, Shaanxi University of Technology, Chaoyang Road, Hantai District, Hanzhong, 723000, Shaanxi Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Qi S, Zheng H, Chen C, Jiang H. Du-Zhong (Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.) Cortex Extract Alleviates Lead Acetate-Induced Bone Loss in Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 187:172-180. [PMID: 29740803 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1362-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of Du-Zhong cortex extract (DZCE) on lead acetate-induced bone loss in rats. Forty female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: group I (control) was provided with distilled water. Group II (PbAc) received 500 ppm lead acetate in drinking water for 60 days. Group III (PbAc+DZCE) received 500 ppm lead acetate in drinking water, and given intragastric DZCE (100 mg/kg body weight) for 60 days. Group IV (DZCE) was given intragastric DZCE (100 mg/kg body weight) for 60 days. The bone mineral density, serum biochemical markers, bone histomorphology, and bone marrow adipocyte parameters were analyzed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, biochemistry, histomorphometry, and histopathology, respectively. The results showed that the lumbar spine and femur bone mineral density was significantly decreased in PbAc group compared with the control (P < 0.05); however, this decrease was inhibited by the intake of Du-Zhong cortex extract (P < 0.05, vs. PbAc group; P > 0.05, vs. control and DZCE group). Serum calcium and serum phosphorus in the PbAc+DZCE group were greater than that in the PbAc group (P < 0.05). The PbAc group had higher ALP, osteocalcin, and RANKL than the control group (P < 0.01), and they were significantly lower in the PbAc+DZCE group compared with the PbAc group. There were no significant differences of ALP, osteocalcin, and RANKL among the PbAc+DZCE, control, and DZCE groups (P > 0.05). Serum OPG and OPG/RANKL ration were significantly higher in the PbAc+DZCE group than that in the PbAc group (P < 0.05). The bone histomorphometric analyses showed that bone volume and trabecular thickness in the femoral trabecular bone were significantly lower in the PbAc group than that in the control group, but those were restored in the PbAc+DZCE groups. The bone marrow adipocyte number, percent adipocyte volume per tissue volume (AV/TV), and mean adipocyte diameter were significantly increased in the PbAc group compared to the control (P < 0.01), and those were restored in the PbAc+DZCE group. The differences of those parameters between PbAc+DZCE, DZCE, and the control group were not significant. The results above indicate that the Du-Zhong cortex extract has protective effects on both stimulation of bone formation and suppression of bone resorption in lead-exposed rats, therefore, Du-Zhong cortex extract has the potential to prevent or treat osteoporosis resulting from lead expose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Qi
- Vitamin D Research Institute, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongxing Zheng
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723000, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Chen Chen
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723000, Shaanxi, China.
- Chinese-German Joint Laboratory for Natural Product Research, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723000, China.
| | - Hai Jiang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723000, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Coulson J, Bagley L, Barnouin Y, Bradburn S, Butler-Browne G, Gapeyeva H, Hogrel JY, Maden-Wilkinson T, Maier AB, Meskers C, Murgatroyd C, Narici M, Pääsuke M, Sassano L, Sipilä S, Al-Shanti N, Stenroth L, Jones DA, McPhee JS. Circulating levels of dickkopf-1, osteoprotegerin and sclerostin are higher in old compared with young men and women and positively associated with whole-body bone mineral density in older adults. Osteoporos Int 2017; 28:2683-2689. [PMID: 28585053 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-017-4104-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Bone mineral density declines with increasing older age. We examined the levels of circulating factors known to regulate bone metabolism in healthy young and older adults. The circulating levels of dickkopf-1, osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin and sclerostin were positively associated with whole-body bone mineral density (WBMD) in older adults, despite the average WBMD being lower and circulating dickkopf-1, osteoprotegerin and sclerostin being higher in old than young. INTRODUCTION This study aims to investigate the relationship between whole-body bone mineral density (WBMD) and levels of circulating factors with known roles in bone remodelling during 'healthy' ageing. METHODS WBMD and fasting plasma concentrations of dickkopf-1, fibroblast growth factor-23, osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin, osteopontin and sclerostin were measured in 272 older subjects (69 to 81 years; 52% female) and 171 younger subjects (18-30 years; 53% female). RESULTS WBMD was lower in old than young. Circulating osteocalcin was lower in old compared with young, while dickkopf-1, osteoprotegerin and sclerostin were higher in old compared with young. These circulating factors were each positively associated with WBMD in the older adults and the relationships remained after adjustment for covariates (r values ranging from 0.174 to 0.254, all p < 0.01). In multivariate regression, the body mass index, circulating sclerostin and whole-body lean mass together accounted for 13.8% of the variation with WBMD in the older adults. In young adults, dickkopf-1 and body mass index together accounted for 7.7% of variation in WBMD. CONCLUSION Circulating levels of dickkopf-1, osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin and sclerostin are positively associated with WBMD in community-dwelling older adults, despite the average WBMD being lower and circulating dickkopf-1, osteoprotegerin and sclerostin being higher in old than young.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Coulson
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester, M15GD, UK
| | - L Bagley
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester, M15GD, UK
| | - Y Barnouin
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester, M15GD, UK
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S Bradburn
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester, M15GD, UK
| | | | - H Gapeyeva
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - J-Y Hogrel
- Institut de Myologie, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - T Maden-Wilkinson
- School of Physical Activity and Health, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - A B Maier
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, MOVE Research Institute, Vrij University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medicine and Aged Care, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - C Meskers
- Rehabilitation Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Murgatroyd
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester, M15GD, UK
| | - M Narici
- Graduate Entry Medicine and Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - M Pääsuke
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - L Sassano
- Unilever Discover, Colworth Park, Sharnbrook, Bedford, UK
| | - S Sipilä
- Gerontology Research Center, Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - N Al-Shanti
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester, M15GD, UK
| | - L Stenroth
- Gerontology Research Center, Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - D A Jones
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester, M15GD, UK
| | - J S McPhee
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester, M15GD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Varela-López A, Ochoa JJ, Llamas-Elvira JM, López-Frías M, Planells E, Speranza L, Battino M, Quiles JL. Loss of Bone Mineral Density Associated with Age in Male Rats Fed on Sunflower Oil Is Avoided by Virgin Olive Oil Intake or Coenzyme Q Supplementation. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1397. [PMID: 28661441 PMCID: PMC5535890 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of dietary fat unsaturation and the supplementation of coenzyme Q have been evaluated in relation to bone health. Male Wistar rats were maintained for 6 or 24 months on two diets varying in the fat source, namely virgin olive oil, rich in monounsaturated fatty acids, or sunflower oil, rich in n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Both dietary fats were supplemented or not with coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10). Bone mineral density (BMD) was evaluated in the femur. Serum levels of osteocalcin, osteopontin, receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and parathyroid hormone (PTH), as well as urinary F₂-isoprostanes were measured. Aged animals fed on virgin olive oil showed higher BMD than those fed on sunflower oil. In addition, CoQ10 prevented the age-related decline in BMD in animals fed on sunflower oil. Urinary F₂-isoprostanes analysis showed that sunflower oil led to the highest oxidative status in old animals, which was avoided by supplementation with CoQ10. In conclusion, lifelong feeding on virgin olive oil or the supplementation of sunflower oil on CoQ10 prevented, at least in part mediated by a low oxidative stress status, the age-related decrease in BMD found in sunflower oil fed animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Varela-López
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento s.n., Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Calle del Prof. Clavera s.n., 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Julio J Ochoa
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento s.n., Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Calle del Prof. Clavera s.n., 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - José M Llamas-Elvira
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University of Chieti "G. D'Annunzio", 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Magdalena López-Frías
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento s.n., Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Calle del Prof. Clavera s.n., 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Elena Planells
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento s.n., Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Calle del Prof. Clavera s.n., 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Lorenza Speranza
- Department of Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Nuclear Medicine Service, Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Avda. de las Fuerzas Armadas 2, 18014 Granada, Spain.
| | - José L Quiles
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento s.n., Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Calle del Prof. Clavera s.n., 18071 Granada, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Martin A, Yu J, Xiong J, Khalid AB, Katzenellenbogen B, Kim SH, Katzenellenbogen JA, Malaivijitnond S, Gabet Y, Krum SA, Frenkel B. Estrogens and androgens inhibit association of RANKL with the pre-osteoblast membrane through post-translational mechanisms. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:3798-3807. [PMID: 28213978 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated that RUNX2 promoted, and 17β-Estradiol (E2) diminished, association of RANKL with the cell membrane in pre-osteoblast cultures. Here we show that, similar to E2, dihydrotestosterone (DHT) diminishes association of RANKL, and transiently transfected GFP-RANKL with the pre-osteoblast membrane without decreasing total RANKL mRNA or protein levels. Diminution of membrane-associated RANKL was accompanied with marked suppression of osteoclast differentiation from co-cultured pre-osteoclasts, even though DHT increased, not decreased, RANKL concentrations in pre-osteoblast conditioned media. A marked decrease in membrane-associated RANKL was observed after 30 min of either E2 or DHT treatment, and near-complete inhibition was observed by 1 hr, suggesting that the diminution of RANKL membrane association was mediated through non-genomic mechanisms. Further indicating dispensability of nuclear action of estrogen receptor, E2-mediated inhibition of RANKL membrane association was mimicked by an estrogen dendrimer conjugate (EDC) that cannot enter the cell nucleus. Finally, the inhibitory effect of E2 and DHT on RANKL membrane association was counteracted by the MMP inhibitor NNGH, and the effect of E2 (and not DHT) was antagonized by the Src inhibitor SU6656. Taken together, these results suggest that estrogens and androgens inhibit osteoblast-driven osteoclastogenesis through non-genomic mechanism(s) that entail, MMP-mediated RANKL dissociation from the cell membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Martin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine , Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jiali Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine , Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jian Xiong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine , Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Aysha B Khalid
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | | | - Sung Hoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | | | | | - Yankel Gabet
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Departments of Anatomy and Anthropology and Orthopedic Surgery, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Susan A Krum
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Baruch Frenkel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine , Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Varela-López A, Ochoa JJ, Llamas-Elvira JM, López-Frías M, Planells E, Ramirez-Tortosa MC, Ramirez-Tortosa CL, Giampieri F, Battino M, Quiles JL. Age-Related Loss in Bone Mineral Density of Rats Fed Lifelong on a Fish Oil-Based Diet Is Avoided by Coenzyme Q 10 Addition. Nutrients 2017; 9:E176. [PMID: 28241421 PMCID: PMC5331607 DOI: 10.3390/nu9020176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During aging, bone mass declines increasing osteoporosis and fracture risks. Oxidative stress has been related to this bone loss, making dietary compounds with antioxidant properties a promising weapon. Male Wistar rats were maintained for 6 or 24 months on diets with fish oil as unique fat source, supplemented or not with coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), to evaluate the potential of adding this molecule to the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA)-based diet for bone mineral density (BMD) preservation. BMD was evaluated in the femur. Serum osteocalcin, osteopontin, receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand, ostroprotegerin, parathyroid hormone, urinary F₂-isoprostanes, and lymphocytes DNA strand breaks were also measured. BMD was lower in aged rats fed a diet without CoQ10 respect than their younger counterparts, whereas older animals receiving CoQ10 showed the highest BMD. F₂-isoprostanes and DNA strand breaks showed that oxidative stress was higher during aging. Supplementation with CoQ10 prevented oxidative damage to lipid and DNA, in young and old animals, respectively. Reduced oxidative stress associated to CoQ10 supplementation of this n-3 PUFA-rich diet might explain the higher BMD found in aged rats in this group of animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Varela-López
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Department of Physiology, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain.
| | - Julio J Ochoa
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Department of Physiology, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain.
| | | | - Magdalena López-Frías
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Department of Physiology, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain.
| | - Elena Planells
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Department of Physiology, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain.
| | - MCarmen Ramirez-Tortosa
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain.
| | | | - Francesca Giampieri
- Department of Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Department of Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
| | - José L Quiles
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Department of Physiology, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Higher Urinary Levels of 8-Hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine Are Associated with a Worse RANKL/OPG Ratio in Postmenopausal Women with Osteopenia. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:6038798. [PMID: 26635910 PMCID: PMC4655257 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6038798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PO) is a major public health issue which affects a large fraction of elderly women. Emerging in vitro evidence suggests a central role of oxidative stress (OxS) in postmenopausal osteoporosis (PO) development. Contrariwise, the human studies on this topic are still scarce and inconclusive. In the attempt to address this issue, we sought to determine if OxS, as assessed by 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), may influence the level of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κb ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) ratio (a central regulator of bone metabolism) in a sample (n = 124), including postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, osteopenia and normal bone mass density (BMD). The most striking result that emerged in our study was the independent and positive (beta = 0.449, p = 0.004, and R2 = 0.185) association between the OxS marker and RANKL/OPG ratio which was found in osteopenic but not in the other 2 sample groups. If confirmed by longitudinal studies, our findings would suggest that OxS is implicated in the derangement of bone homeostasis which precedes PO development. In line with these considerations, antioxidant treatment of postmenopausal women with moderately low BMD might contribute to preventing PO and related complications.
Collapse
|
22
|
Mizrak S, Turan V, Inan S, Uysal A, Yilmaz C, Ercan G. Effect of nicotine on RANKL and OPG and bone mineral density. J INVEST SURG 2014; 27:327-31. [PMID: 24830656 DOI: 10.3109/08941939.2014.916369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM The signaling pathway OPG/RANK/RANKL is a key in maintaining the balance between the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in order to prevent bone loss. In this study, our aim was to assess the effects of long-term nicotine exposure on plasma RANKL and OPG levels, tissue RANKL and OPG immunoreactivities, and bone mineral density (BMD) scores in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-six Swiss Albino rats weighing 70 ± 10 g were divided into three groups. While the controls (n = 12) were only given normal drinking water, for low-dose nicotine (LDN) group (n = 12) 0.4 mg/kg/day; for high-dose nicotine (HDN) group (n = 12), 6.0 mg/kg/day nicotine was added to drinking water for a year. At the end of 12th month, BMD scores were measured using an X-ray absorptiometry and bone turnover was assessed by measuring plasma RANKL and OPG levels and RANKL and OPG immunoreactivities in tail vertebrae of the rats. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference in BMD scores of lumbar spine and femoral regions of the nicotine groups in comparison to controls. Plasma OPG levels were found to be significantly higher in HDN group, in comparison to the controls and LDN groups (p = .001) unlike plasma RANKL levels. Tissue RANKL and OPG immunoreactivities decreased significantly in the LDN and HDN groups (p < .001, p < .01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study show that nicotine is not primarily responsible for the decrease in BMD frequently seen in smokers. Measuring plasma RANKL and OPG levels did not reflect tissue immunoreactivities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soycan Mizrak
- 1Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Onami I, Ayabe M, Murao N, Ishigai M. A versatile method for protein-based antigen bioanalysis in non-clinical pharmacokinetics studies of a human monoclonal antibody drug by an immunoaffinity liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1334:64-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.01.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
24
|
LaCroix AZ, Jackson RD, Aragaki A, Kooperberg C, Cauley JA, Chen Z, LeBoff MS, Duggan D, Wactawski-Wende J. OPG and sRANKL serum levels and incident hip fracture in postmenopausal Caucasian women in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. Bone 2013; 56:474-81. [PMID: 23735608 PMCID: PMC3832355 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2013.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The osteoprotogerin/receptor activator of NF-kappa β/receptor activator of NF-kappa β ligand (OPG/RANK/RANKL) pathway plays a critical role in bone remodeling. This study investigated associations between serum levels of OPG, soluble RANKL (sRANKL), and the ratio of OPG/sRANKL to risk of incident hip fracture. METHODS A nested case-control study was conducted among postmenopausal, Caucasian women aged 50-79 at baseline (1993-1998), followed for hip fracture through March 2005 in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. 400 incident hip fracture cases were selected and individually matched to 400 controls with no prior fracture or incident hip fracture. Matching factors were baseline age, enrollment date and hormone therapy (HT) exposure. Baseline serum OPG and sRANKL levels were measured using high sensitivity ELISA. Odds ratios were computed for quartiles of each biomarker adjusting for matching factors and hip fracture risk factors. RESULTS Serum OPG was significantly associated with older age, low physical activity and poorer physical function in control women. sRANKL was inversely associated with total calcium intake in control women, but not associated with age or other fracture risk factors. The odds ratio for hip fracture comparing the highest to lowest quartiles of OPG was 2.28 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.45-3.61) after adjusting for the matching variables (p-value for linear trend <0.001), and 1.87 (95% CI, 1.15-3.04; p for linear trend=0.02) after adjusting for self-rated health status, physical activity and physical functioning. No significant associations between sRANKL or the ratio of OPG/sRANKL and hip fracture risk were observed. CONCLUSION Serum OPG levels were independently associated with a nearly twofold increased risk of hip fracture in postmenopausal women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Z. LaCroix
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, M3-A410, POB 19024, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Rebecca D. Jackson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and Center for Women's Health, Ohio State University, 376 West Tenth Avenue, Suite 205, Columbus OH 43210, USA
| | - Aaron Aragaki
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, M3-A410, POB 19024, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, M3-A410, POB 19024, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Jane A. Cauley
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto Street, Crabtree A533, Pittsburgh PA 15261, USA
| | - Zhao Chen
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Division, University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin, Campus POB 245211, Drachman Hall A238, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Meryl S. LeBoff
- Department of Medicine, Harvard University, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David Duggan
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N. Fifth Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Jean Wactawski-Wende
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, WNY Vanguard Clinical Center, 65 Farber Hall, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo NY 14214-8001, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wheater G, Elshahaly M, Tuck SP, Datta HK, van Laar JM. The clinical utility of bone marker measurements in osteoporosis. J Transl Med 2013; 11:201. [PMID: 23984630 PMCID: PMC3765909 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is characterised by low bone mass and structural deterioration of bone tissue, resulting in increased fragility and susceptibility to fracture. Osteoporotic fractures are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Direct medical costs from such fractures in the UK are currently estimated at over two billion pounds per year, resulting in a substantial healthcare burden that is expected to rise exponentially due to increasing life expectancy. Currently bone mineral density is the WHO standard for diagnosis of osteoporosis, but poor sensitivity means that potential fractures will be missed if it is used alone. During the past decade considerable progress has been made in the identification and characterisation of specific biomarkers to aid the management of metabolic bone disease. Technological developments have greatly enhanced assay performance producing reliable, rapid, non-invasive cost effective assays with improved sensitivity and specificity. We now have a greater understanding of the need to regulate pre-analytical sample collection to minimise the effects of biological variation. However, bone turnover markers (BTMs) still have limited clinical utility. It is not routinely recommended to use BTMs to select those at risk of fractures, but baseline measurements of resorption markers are useful before commencement of anti-resorptive treatment and can be checked 3–6 months later to monitor response and adherence to treatment. Similarly, formation markers can be used to monitor bone forming agents. BTMs may also be useful when monitoring patients during treatment holidays and aid in the decision as to when therapy should be recommenced. Recent recommendations by the Bone Marker Standards Working Group propose to standardise research and include a specific marker of bone resorption (CTX) and bone formation (P1NP) in all future studies. It is hoped that improved research in turn will lead to optimised markers for the clinical management of osteoporosis and other bone diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Wheater
- Department of Biochemistry, The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough TS4 3BW, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mozzanega B, Gizzo S, Bernardi D, Salmaso L, Patrelli TS, Mioni R, Finos L, Nardelli GB. Cyclic variations of bone resorption mediators and markers in the different phases of the menstrual cycle. J Bone Miner Metab 2013; 31:461-7. [PMID: 23479185 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-013-0430-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Female hormones are very important in regulating bone homeostasis; the drop of estrogen levels occurring at menopause is linked to a dramatic prevalence of bone resorption on formation. Only a small number of studies investigated the relationship between changes in circulating female sex hormones and the markers and mediators of bone homeostasis and they showed conflicting results. To explore such relationships we studied 20 young fertile healthy women, aged between 19 and 32 years. None had received hormone treatment for at least 6 months. We assayed luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, progesterone and 17β-estradiol, as well as the levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG), C-terminal telopeptide of collagen type I (CTx) and RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor-B ligand) in samples drawn from every subject at four different times during the menstrual cycle when estrogens are lowest, at the start of the cycle: T 0 (2-4th day); when estrogens are highest, in the pre-ovulatory period: T 14 (12-14th day); when progesterone activity is highest, in the advanced luteal phase: T 26 (24-26th day); and again at the start of the next cycle: T 01 (2-4th day). We observed that CTx levels are highest at the start of the cycle, decreased significantly from T 0 to T 26 (pfwe = 0.0455) and then increased from T 26 to T 01 (pfwe = 0.0415); OPG, on the other hand, which was also highest at the start of the cycle, decreased significantly from T 0 to T 14 (pfwe = 0.02) and then increased, though not significantly, from T 14 to T 01; no variation was observed in RANKL values at any time. We observed inverse correlations between estradiol and OPG levels, which became highly significant at T 01 between estradiol nadir and OPG peak levels (pfw = 0.0095). Furthermore, the increase of estradiol from T 0 to T 14 was negatively correlated with the concomitant decrease of OPG (pfwe = 0.0277), as was the fall of estradiol from T 26 to T 01 with the OPG peak levels, both at T 01 (pfw = 0.0045) and at T 0 (pfwe = 0.0381). We also observed direct correlations between the OPG levels and the variations of progesterone in the preceding intervals, but they never attained statistical significance. We conclude that OPG and CTx fluctuation during the menstrual cycle are likely due to the physiological variations of sex steroids levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Mozzanega
- Dipartimento della Salute della Donna del Bambino, U.O.C. di Clinica Ginecologica e Ostetrica, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Liu JM, Zhao HY, Zhao L, Chen Y, Zhang LZ, Tao B, Sun LH, Zhao YJ, Wang WQ, Xu MY, Chen JL, Ning G. An independent positive relationship between the serum total osteocalcin level and fat-free mass in healthy premenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98:2146-52. [PMID: 23553865 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-1112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT It is widely reported that osteocalcin is negatively associated with fat mass. However, there are few reports describing its correlation with fat-free mass, particularly in women. OBJECTIVES The objective of the current study was to investigate the possible relationship between osteocalcin and fat-free mass in healthy, nonobese women. DESIGN AND SETTING This study was performed in a tertiary university teaching hospital. SUBJECTS A total of 504 healthy women aged 20-75 years were enrolled. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Body composition was measured using a bioelectronics impedance analyzer. The serum concentrations of total osteocalcin, estradiol, leptin, osteoprotegerin, the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand, IGF-I, fasting plasma glucose, and urinary N-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen were tested. The bone mineral densities (BMDs) at the lumbar spine and proximal femoral neck were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS The serum total osteocalcin level had a significant positive association with fat-free mass (r = 0.168, P = .007) after adjusting for age, fat mass, menopausal status, estradiol, fasting glucose, leptin, osteoprotegerin, receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand, IGF-I, N-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen, BMDs, and waist and hip circumference. Analysis in pre- and postmenopausal women demonstrated that this association was only present in premenopausal women (r = 0.190, P = .005). The multiple stepwise regression analysis revealed that hip circumference, femoral neck-BMD, fat mass, leptin, osteocalcin, and age are the contributors to the changes in fat-free mass in premenopausal women (adjusted R(2) = 0.521, P < .001). CONCLUSION The serum level of total osteocalcin was positively associated with fat-free mass independent of age, fat mass, leptin, and other confounders in premenopausal women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-min Liu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui-jin Er Road, Shanghai, China 200025
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Piatek S, Adolf D, Wex T, Halangk W, Klose S, Westphal S, Amthauer H, Winckler S. Multiparameter analysis of serum levels of C-telopeptide crosslaps, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, cathepsin K, osteoprotegerin and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand in the diagnosis of osteoporosis. Maturitas 2013; 74:363-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
29
|
Babür C, Özcan G, Çebi DU, Pervane B, Özdemir B, Yücel A, Biri AA, Babür C. Gingival crevicular fluid levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG) in premenopausal and postmenopausal women with or without chronic periodontitis. J Dent 2012; 40:364-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2012.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Revised: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
30
|
Jørgensen L, Hansen JB, Ahmed L, Bjørnerem Å, Emaus N, Joakimsen R, Mathiesen E, Størmer J, Vik A, Jacobsen BK. Osteoprotegerin is associated with hip fracture incidence: the Tromso Study. Int J Epidemiol 2012; 41:1033-9. [PMID: 22538253 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dys063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a cytokine essential for the regulation of bone resorption, but large longitudinal studies on its relationship to fracture risk in humans are lacking. In this population-based study of 2740 men and 2857 post-menopausal women, it was examined whether serum OPG was associated with hip fracture incidence. The participants were followed for 15 years. METHODS Baseline measurements included height, weight and serum OPG, and information about lifestyle, prevalent diseases and use of medication. RESULTS Men with OPG in the highest quartile were 2.79-fold [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.34-5.82] more likely to have a hip fracture during follow-up, compared with those with OPG in the lowest quartile (P-trend over OPG quartiles ≤ 0.001, after adjustments for age and other confounders). In women not using post-menopausal hormone therapy (HT), the risk of hip fracture was 1.64-fold higher (95% CI 0.94-2.86) in the highest quartile compared with the lowest OPG quartile (P-trend over OPG quartiles = 0.05). No relationship was found in post-menopausal women using HT (P-trend over OPG quartiles = 0.23). CONCLUSIONS In men, OPG was positively associated with the incidence of hip fracture. In post-menopausal women not using HT a similar, but weaker, relationship was found.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lone Jørgensen
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, University of Tromsø, Norway.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Gibiansky L, Sutjandra L, Doshi S, Zheng J, Sohn W, Peterson MC, Jang GR, Chow AT, Pérez-Ruixo JJ. Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Denosumab in Patients with Bone Metastases from Solid Tumours. Clin Pharmacokinet 2012; 51:247-60. [DOI: 10.2165/11598090-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
32
|
Sutjandra L, Rodriguez RD, Doshi S, Ma M, Peterson MC, Jang GR, Chow AT, Pérez-Ruixo JJ. Population pharmacokinetic meta-analysis of denosumab in healthy subjects and postmenopausal women with osteopenia or osteoporosis. Clin Pharmacokinet 2012; 50:793-807. [PMID: 22087866 DOI: 10.2165/11594240-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Inhibition of the receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B ligand (RANKL) is a therapeutic target for treatment of bone disorders associated with increased bone resorption, such as osteoporosis. The objective of this analysis was to characterize the population pharmacokinetics of denosumab (AMG 162; Prolia®), a fully human IgG2 monoclonal antibody that binds to RANKL, in healthy subjects and postmenopausal women with osteopenia or osteoporosis. METHODS A total of 22944 serum free denosumab concentrations from 495 healthy subjects and 1069 postmenopausal women with osteopenia or osteoporosis were pooled. Denosumab was administered as either a single intravenous dose (n = 36), a single subcutaneous dose (n = 469) or multiple subcutaneous doses (n = 1059), ranging from 0.01 to 3 mg/kg (or 6-210 mg as fixed mass dosages), every 3 or 6 months for up to 48 months. An open, two-compartment pharmacokinetic model with a quasi-steady-state approximation of the target-mediated drug disposition model was used to describe denosumab pharmacokinetics, using NONMEM Version 7.1.0 software. Subcutaneous absorption was characterized by the first-order absorption rate constant (k(a)), with constant absolute bioavailability over the range of doses that were evaluated. Clearance and volume of distribution parameters were scaled by body weight, using a power model. Model evaluation was performed through visual predictive checks. RESULTS The subcutaneous bioavailability of denosumab was 64%, and the k(a) was 0.00883 h-1. The central volume of distribution and linear clearance were 2.49 L/66 kg and 3.06 mL/h/66 kg, respectively. The baseline RANKL level, quasi-steady-state constant and RANKL degradation rate were 614 ng/mL, 138 ng/mL and 0.00148 h-1, respectively. Between-subject variability in model parameters was moderate. A fixed dose of 60 mg provided RANKL inhibition similar to that achieved by equivalent body weight-based dosing. The effects of age and race on the area under the serum concentration-time curve of denosumab were less than 15% over the range of covariate values that were evaluated. CONCLUSIONS The non-linearity in denosumab pharmacokinetics is probably due to RANKL binding, and denosumab dose adjustment based on the patient demographics is not warranted.
Collapse
|
33
|
Jørgensen L, Hansen JB, Brox J, Mathiesen E, Vik A, Jacobsen BK. Serum osteoprotegerin levels are related to height loss: the Tromsø Study. Eur J Epidemiol 2011; 26:305-12. [PMID: 21331661 PMCID: PMC3088831 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-011-9555-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Severe loss of body height is often a consequence of osteoporotic vertebral fractures. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand (RANKL) are cytokines essential for the regulation of bone resorption. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the OPG/RANKL system and height loss. A total of 4,435 inhabitants from the municipality of Tromsø, Norway (2,169 men and 2,266 women) were followed for 6 years. Baseline measurements included height, weight, bone mineral density, OPG, RANKL, serum parathyroid hormone and information about lifestyle, prevalent diseases and use of medication. Height was measured again at follow-up, and the loss of height was categorized into 4 groups: ≤1, 1.1-2, 2.1-3, >3 cm. We found increasing height loss with increasing baseline OPG levels in both men and women (P trend = 0.02 and 0.001, respectively), after adjustments for age and other confounders. However, when the women were stratified according to menopausal status and use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT), a significant relationship was present only among postmenopausal women not using HRT (P trend = 0.02). No relations between OPG and height loss were found in post-menopausal HRT-users and premenopausal women (P trend ≥0.39). We conclude that height loss is positively associated with OPG in men and in postmenopausal women not using HRT. No relationship was found between RANKL and height loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lone Jørgensen
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Jabbar S, Drury J, Fordham JN, Datta HK, Francis RM, Tuck SP. Osteoprotegerin, RANKL and bone turnover in postmenopausal osteoporosis. J Clin Pathol 2011; 64:354-7. [DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2010.086595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundOsteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor κ B ligand (RANKL) play a critical role in the regulation of bone turnover, but the relative importance of these two cytokines in the pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis is controversial.AimTo investigate the relationship between circulating levels of OPG, RANKL, bone turnover and bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women.MethodsA cross-sectional study of 185 women with osteoporosis and 185 age- and sex-matched control subjects was undertaken. Measurements were made of plasma OPG, RANKL, interleukin-6 (IL-6), sex steroids, calciotropic hormones, biochemical markers of bone turnover, BMD and anthropometry. Health questionnaires were administered.ResultsPlasma RANKL was significantly higher (p<0.0001) in women with osteoporosis (0.66±0.67 pmol/l) than in control subjects (0.37±0.38 pmol/l), as was plasma OPG (18.70±9.70 pmol/l in women with osteoporosis, 10.44±5.85 pmol/l in control subjects; p<0.0001). OPG/RANKL ratio was higher in women with osteoporosis (51.3) than in control subjects (36.6). The women with osteoporosis also had significantly higher biochemical markers of bone turnover, IL-6 and parathyroid hormone and lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D and oestradiol than the control subjects. Multiple regression analysis showed that lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD in postmenopausal women were best predicted by OPG and RANKL, giving an R2 value of 15.5% and 14.9%, respectively.ConclusionsThis study indicates that the circulating levels of OPG and RANKL are inversely related to BMD and contribute to the development of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.
Collapse
|
35
|
Trouvin AP, Goëb V. Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand and osteoprotegerin: maintaining the balance to prevent bone loss. Clin Interv Aging 2010; 5:345-54. [PMID: 21228900 PMCID: PMC3010170 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s10153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone remodeling requires a precise balance between resorption and formation. It is a complex process that involves numerous factors: hormones, growth factors, vitamins, and cytokines, and notably osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB (RANK) ligand. The signaling pathway OPG/RANK/RANKL is key to regulation for maintaining the balance between the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in order to prevent bone loss and ensure a normal bone turnover. In this review, the RANK/RANKL/OPG pathway is described. The multiple interactions of various factors (hormones, cytokines, growth factors, and vitamins) with the OPG/RANK/RANKL pathway are also commented on. Finally, the effects of denosumab, a human monoclonal antibody that binds to RANKL and thereby inhibits the activation of osteoclasts, and of strontium ranelate are also described. Indeed, these two new drugs afford appreciable assistance in daily care practice, helping to prevent bone loss in patients with osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vincent Goëb
- Department of Rheumatology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Jørgensen L, Vik A, Emaus N, Brox J, Hansen JB, Mathiesen E, Vestergaard P. Bone loss in relation to serum levels of osteoprotegerin and nuclear factor-kappaB ligand: the Tromsø Study. Osteoporos Int 2010; 21:931-8. [PMID: 19701599 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-009-1035-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2009] [Accepted: 07/11/2009] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY In this longitudinal study of 4,137 persons, bone mineral density was negatively associated with osteoprotegerin at baseline in both genders. In postmenopausal women not using hormone replacement therapy (HRT), bone-loss increased with increasing osteoprotegerin levels, whereas no relationship was found in men, premenopausal women, or postmenopausal women taking HRT. INTRODUCTION In a population-based study of 2,003 men and 2,134 women, the relationship between the osteoprotegerin (OPG)/factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL) system and bone mineral density (BMD) and changes in BMD was examined. METHODS Baseline measurements included height, weight, BMD of the forearm, OPG, RANKL, vitamin D, and serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) and information about lifestyle, prevalent diseases, and use of medication. BMD was remeasured at follow-up 6 years later. RESULTS BMD was negatively associated with OPG at baseline in both men and women (p trend over OPG levels = 0.01 and 0.007, respectively, after adjustments for age, and other confounders). In postmenopausal women not on hormone replacement therapy, bone loss increased with increasing OPG (p = 0.005), whereas no relationship was found in men, premenopausal women, or postmenopausal women on HRT (p >or= 0.28). BMD at baseline and BMD changes were not related to RANKL levels in any of the groups (p >or= 0.14). CONCLUSIONS In postmenopausal women not using HRT, bone loss associated positively with OPG. The results indicate that in women deficient in sex steroids, the OPG/RANKL system may play an important counter regulatory role in order to avoid bone loss and maintain BMD. In men and women replete in sex steroids, the OPG/RANKL system was not associated with BMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Jørgensen
- Institute of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Anastasilakis AD, Toulis KA, Polyzos SA, Terpos E. RANKL inhibition for the management of patients with benign metabolic bone disorders. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2010; 18:1085-102. [PMID: 19558335 DOI: 10.1517/13543780903048929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) is a member of the TNF receptor superfamily, essential for osteoclastogenesis. It binds to its receptor activator of NF-kappaB on the surface of osteoclast precursors and enhances their differentiation, survival and fusion, while it activates mature osteoclasts and inhibits their apoptosis. The effects of RANKL are counteracted by osteoprotegerin (OPG), a neutralizing decoy receptor. Derangement of the balance in RANKL/OPG action is implicated in the pathophysiology of metabolic bone diseases, including osteoporosis. Current therapies used to prevent or treat metabolic bone diseases are thought to act, at least in part, through modification of the RANKL/OPG dipole. The idea of using a molecule that could specifically bind and neutralize RANKL to decrease bone resorption and subsequent bone loss is appealing. Recombinant OPG was initially tested. Denosumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody against RANKL, is a promising antiresorptive agent under investigation. It rapidly decreases bone turnover markers resulting in a significant increase in bone mineral density and reduction in fracture risk. However, because receptor activator of NF-kappaB activation by RANKL is also essential for T-cell growth and dendritic-cell function, inhibition of its action could simultaneously affect the immune system, leading to susceptibility in infections or malignancies.
Collapse
|
38
|
Relationships among serum receptor of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand, osteoprotegerin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: osteoimmunity versus osteoinflammatory. Menopause 2009; 16:950-5. [PMID: 19387415 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0b013e3181a181b8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the correlations among circulating osteoprotegerin (OPG), the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and bone mineral density (BMD) in healthy postmenopausal women. METHODS In a population-based study, highly specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods were used to evaluate the sera of 382 healthy Iranian postmenopausal women (mean age +/- SD, 58.7 +/- 7.5 y) for RANKL, OPG, hsCRP, degradation products of C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen, and osteocalcin. BMD was determined for the lumbar spine (L2-L4) and the proximal femur using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS Circulating levels of OPG (r = 0.30, P < 0.001) and the RANKL/OPG ratio (r = -0.17, P < 0.001) were significantly associated with age. The geometric mean of hsCRP was 1.89 mg/L (SE, 1.05) in the population studied. There was a significant correlation between log(hsCRP) levels and body mass index (BMI; r = 0.36, P < 0.001). Multivariate linear analyses revealed that age (beta = -0.295, P < 0.001), BMI (beta = 0.464, P < 0.001), RANKL (beta = -0.105, P = 0.014), and OPG (beta = 0.098, P = 0.029) were the independent determinants for lumbar BMD (R(2) = 0.35). Age (beta = -0.250, P < 0.001), BMI (beta = 0.486, P < 0.001), and RANKL (beta = -0.110, P = 0.009) were independently correlated with femoral neck BMD (R(2) = 0.36). Age- and BMI-adjusted analysis by quartiles of log-transformed hsCRP did not reveal an association with BMD, serum levels of biochemical markers of bone turnover, RANKL, or OPG. CONCLUSIONS The circulating levels of the RANKL/OPG osteoimmunity system have an association with BMD, but subclinical systemic inflammation may not be involved in bone mass in healthy postmenopausal women.
Collapse
|
39
|
Wasilewska A, Rybi-Szuminska AA, Zoch-Zwierz W. Serum osteoprotegrin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB (RANKL) in healthy children and adolescents. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2009; 22:1099-104. [PMID: 20333868 DOI: 10.1515/jpem.2009.22.12.1099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Most metabolic bone diseases are characterized by a disturbance in bone resorption, therefore biochemical markers concerning this process are of special interest. Recent investigations in bone biology identified the RANKL/ RANK/OPG system, the set of cytokines or cytokine receptors belonging to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family that are required for control of bone modeling and remodeling. The imbalance between OPG and RANKL was found not only in pathology of bone, but also in the control of the immune and vascular systems. However, clinical application of new bone markers in children may be difficult due to lack of reference data in relation to age, sex and physiological development. AIM To investigate the relationship of serum concentrations of OPG, RANKL and OPG/RANKL ratio in relation to age, sex and parameters of physical development in healthy children and adolescents. CHILDREN AND METHODS The study was performed on a group of 70 healthy children and adolescents, divided into subgroups according to sex and age. OPG and sRANKL serum concentrations were determined using ELISA. RESULTS Serum OPG did not differ between boys and girls or younger and older children. There was no correlation between OPG level and height, weight and BMI percentiles. The level of sRANKL was 3 times higher in males than in females (p < 0.01) and almost 3 times higher in older than younger children (p < 0.01). There was a positive correlation between sRANKL concentration and body weight percentile (r = 0.268, p < 0.05). There was no correlation between serum OPG and sRANKL levels. CONCLUSION In healthy children and adolescents the serum level of OPG is not influenced by age, sex or parameters of physical development, in contrast to sRANKL and sRANKL/OPG ratio, which are dependent on these factors. Age and sex reference data should be established.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Wasilewska
- Department of Pediatrics and Nephrology, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
SYVERSEN SILJEW, LANDEWE ROBERT, van der HEIJDE DÉSIRÉE, BATHON JOANM, BOERS MAARTEN, BYKERK VIVIANP, FITZGERALD OLIVER, GLADMAN DAFNAD, GARNERO PATRICK, GEUSENS PIET, EL-GABALAWY HANI, INMAN ROBERTD, KRAUS VIRGINIA, KVIEN TOREK, MEASE PHILIPJ, ØSTERGAARD MIKKEL, RITCHLIN CHRISTOPHERJ, TAK PAULPETER, TAYLOR WILLIAMJ, MAKSYMOWYCH WALTERP. Testing of the OMERACT 8 Draft Validation Criteria for a Soluble Biomarker Reflecting Structural Damage in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Literature Search on 5 Candidate Biomarkers. J Rheumatol 2009; 36:1769-84. [DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.090262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective.To test the OMERACT 8 draft validation criteria for soluble biomarkers by assessing the strength of literature evidence in support of 5 candidate biomarkers.Methods.A systematic literature search was conducted on the 5 soluble biomarkers RANKL, osteoprotegerin (OPG), matrix metalloprotease (MMP-3), urine C-telopeptide of types I and II collagen (U-CTX-I and U CTX-II), focusing on the 14 OMERACT 8 criteria. Two electronic voting exercises were conducted to address: (1) strength of evidence for each biomarker as reflecting structural damage according to each individual criterion and the importance of each individual criterion; (2) overall strength of evidence in support of each of the 5 candidate biomarkers as reflecting structural damage endpoints in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and identification of omissions to the criteria set.Results.The search identified 111 articles. The strength of evidence in support of these biomarkers reflecting structural damage was low for all biomarkers and was rated highest for U-CTX-II [score of 6.5 (numerical rating scale 0–10)]. The lowest scores for retention of specific criteria in the draft set went to criteria that refer to the importance of animal studies, correlations with other biomarkers reflecting damage, and an understanding of the metabolism of the biomarker.Conclusion.Evidence in support of any of the 5 tested biomarkers (MMP-3, CTX-I, CTX-II, OPG, RANKL) was inadequate to allow their substitution for radiographic endpoints in RA. Three of the criteria in the draft criteria set might not be required, but few omissions were identified.
Collapse
|
41
|
Sennels HP, Jacobsen S, Jensen T, Hansen MS, Ostergaard M, Nielsen HJ, Sørensen S. Biological variation and reference intervals for circulating osteopontin, osteoprotegerin, total soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2009; 67:821-35. [PMID: 17852826 DOI: 10.1080/00365510701432509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Monitoring inflammatory diseases and osteoclastogenesis with osteopontin (OPN), osteoprotegerin (OPG), total soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (total sRANKL) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) has recently attracted increased interest. The purpose of our study was to determine reference intervals, variability caused by sampling time, biological variation and stability after repeated freeze-thaw cycles of circulating levels of OPN, OPG, total sRANKL and hsCRP. MATERIAL AND METHODS Plasma OPN and plasma OPG concentrations were determined with sandwich ELISA; serum total sRANKL concentration was determined using a two-site sandwich ELISA; and hsCRP was analysed by turbidimetry in 300 Danish blood donors (183 M and 117 F) with a median age of 43 years (range 18-64 years). Variability due to biological variation and sampling time was studied in serial samples from 38 healthy subjects. RESULTS The 95th percentiles in the donors were 76 microg/L for OPN, 4.2 pmol/L for OPG, 40.2 nmol/L for total sRANKL and 12 mg/L for hsCRP. The overall medians for both genders were 51 microg/L, 2.2 pmol/L, 0.66 nmol/L and 1.0 mg/L, respectively. We found a significant correlation between hsCRP and OPN (rho = 0.173; p<0.003). The biological within-subject variations were calculated to be 8.2 % for OPN, 8.8% for total sRANKL and 50% for hsCRP. CONCLUSIONS Reference intervals have been established with a high analytic performance for OPN and an acceptable analytic performance for OPG and total sRANKL. The study revealed low biological variation for OPN and total sRANKL and high biological variation for hsCRP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H P Sennels
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Voorzanger-Rousselot N, Journe F, Doriath V, Body JJ, Garnero P. Assessment of circulating Dickkopf-1 with a new two-site immunoassay in healthy subjects and women with breast cancer and bone metastases. Calcif Tissue Int 2009; 84:348-54. [PMID: 19252761 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-009-9225-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2008] [Accepted: 02/01/2009] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to investigate the sex- and age-related changes of serum Dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1), a soluble inhibitor of the Wnt signaling pathway, in healthy individuals and in patients with breast cancer (BC) and bone metastases (BM) using a new ELISA. Association of serum Dkk-1 with markers of bone turnover was also investigated. Serum Dkk-1 measurements were performed using a commercial sandwich ELISA in 150 healthy men, 175 healthy pre- and postmenopausal women (20-65 years), 22 women with BC and BM (mean age 63 years), and 16 women with BC and metastases at sites other than bone (mean age 53 years). Intra- and interassay coefficients of variation were below 7% and 12%, respectively. The detection limit was determined to be 0.018 microg/L. In healthy women and men, Dkk-1 did not change with age. Serum Dkk-1 modestly correlated with serum bone alkaline phosphatase (r = 0.19, P = 0.013) and serum C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen (r = 0.19, P = 0.014) in women but not in men. Dkk-1 levels were higher in women with BC and BM (5.57 +/- 5.50 microg/L) than in healthy age-matched controls (3.47 +/- 1.47 microg/L, P < 0.0001) and women with metastases at sites other than bone (3.57 +/- 1.66 microg/L, P = 0.0003). In conclusion, serum Dkk-1 is stable with age in healthy women and men and increases in patients with BC and BM. Measurements of circulating Dkk-1 with this new ELISA may be useful for the clinical investigation of patients with malignant bone diseases.
Collapse
|
43
|
West SL, Scheid JL, De Souza MJ. The effect of exercise and estrogen on osteoprotegerin in premenopausal women. Bone 2009; 44:137-44. [PMID: 18929691 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2008.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2008] [Revised: 08/14/2008] [Accepted: 09/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The benefits of exercise are widely recognized, however physically active women can develop exercise associated menstrual cycle disturbances such as amenorrhea (i.e., estrogen deficiency) secondary to a chronic energy deficiency. OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of exercise status and estrogen deficiency on osteoprotegerin (OPG) and its relationship to bone resorption in premenopausal exercising women. DESIGN Cross-sectional study of serum OPG, urinary c-telopeptides (uCTX), urinary estrone 3-glucuronide (E1G), urinary pregnanediol 3-glucuronide (PdG) and bone mineral density (BMD) measured on multiple occasions in 67 women. Volunteers were retrospectively grouped: 1) sedentary menstruating group (SedMen n=8), 2) exercising menstruating group (ExMen, n=36), and 3) exercising amenorrheic group (ExAmen, n=23). One-way ANOVAs were performed, and LSD post-hoc tests were performed when differences were detected. RESULTS Subjects were similar with respect to age (24.2+/-1.0 years), weight (57.8+/-1.7 kg), and height (164.3+/-1.3 cm) (p>0.05). ExMen and ExAmen groups were more aerobically fit (p=0.003) and had less body fat (p=0.002) than the SedMen group. Resting energy expenditure/fat free mass was lowest (p=0.001) in the ExAmen groups. Mean E1G across the measurement period (p<0.001) and overall E1G exposure as assessed by E1G area under the curve (AUC) (p<0.001) were lower in the ExAmen group vs. the SedMen and ExMen groups. U-CTX-I was elevated (p=0.033) in the ExAmen group (281.8+/-40.3 microg/L/mmCr), compared with the SedMen and ExMen groups (184.5+/-22.4, 197.2+/-14.7 microg/L/mmCr, respectively). OPG was suppressed (p=0.005) in the ExAmen group (4.6+/-0.2 pmol/L) vs. ExMen group (5.2+/-0.2 pmol/L), and OPG was lower in the SedMen group (4.1+/-0.3 pmol/L) compared with the ExMen group. Findings were translated to BMD; the ExAmen group had suppressed total body BMD (p=0.014) and L2-L4 BMD (p=0.015) vs. the ExMen group. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that OPG responds to the bone loading effect of exercise, and that suppressed OPG may play a role in the etiology of increased bone resorption observed in exercising women with chronic estrogen deficiency secondary to hypothalamic amenorrhea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L West
- Department of Exercise Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Jiang Y, Mishima H, Sakai S, Liu YK, Ohyabu Y, Uemura T. Gene expression analysis of major lineage-defining factors in human bone marrow cells: effect of aging, gender, and age-related disorders. J Orthop Res 2008; 26:910-7. [PMID: 18302252 DOI: 10.1002/jor.20623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Adult bone marrow cells (BMCs) include two populations:;mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which can differentiate into bone, cartilage, and fat; and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which produce all mature blood lineage. To study the effect of aging, gender, and age-related disorders on lineage differentiation, we performed quantitative RT-PCR to examine mRNA expression of the major factors defining BMC lineage, cbfa1 for osteoblasts, ppar-gamma for adipocytes, sox9 for chondrocytes, and rankl for osteoclasts, in bone marrow from 80 healthy subjects and patients (14-79 years old) with two age-related disorders: osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Two apoptosis-related genes, bcl-2 and drak1, were studied. RANKL and PPAR-Gamma levels exhibited a clear positive correlation with age in female patients, but not in males, with a slight age-related decline in CBFa1 transcripts. DRAK1 expression showed an age-associated ascending trend with significantly greater transcripts of RANKL and DRAK1 in females (p < 0.01). Compared with age-matched controls, RA patients exhibited increased RANKL, PPAR-Gamma, and DRAK1 mRNA levels (p < 0.05), and OA showed the higher RANKL and PPAR-Gamma transcripts (p < 0.05). Furthermore, SOX9 and DRAK1 expressions in the RA group were higher than in the OA group (p < 0.05). Our data indicate that aging and age-related disorders affect gene expressions differently, suggesting that in aging, the lineage of bone marrow cells was modified with prominent changes in decreased bone marrow osteoblastogenesis, increased adipogenesis and osteoclastogenesis, while in age-related disorders, marrow adipogenesis and the activity or number of osteoclasts may play an important role in the pathogenesis of arthritic bone loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jiang
- Nanotechnology Research Institute (NRI), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Changes in the serum levels of osteoprotegerin and soluble receptor activator for nuclear factor κB ligand after estrogen-progestogen therapy and their relationships with changes in bone mass in postmenopausal women. Menopause 2008; 15:357-62. [DOI: 10.1097/gme.0b013e318133a153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
46
|
Uemura H, Yasui T, Miyatani Y, Yamada M, Hiyoshi M, Arisawa K, Irahara M. Circulating profiles of osteoprotegerin and soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand in post-menopausal women. J Endocrinol Invest 2008; 31:163-8. [PMID: 18362509 DOI: 10.1007/bf03345584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to elucidate the detail profiles of circulating osteoprotegerin (OPG) and soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (sRANKL) in post-menopausal women. METHODS Eighty Japanese post-menopausal women were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Circulating OPG and free fraction of sRANKL (free sRANKL), PTH, calcium and phosphorus, age, years since menopause, body mass index, bone mineral density of the vertebral bodies (LBMD) and bone turnover markers were determined in each subject. RESULTS In rank order correlation analysis, serum OPG concentrations had a significant positive correlation with age (r=0.291, p=0.024) and a marginal significant negative correlation with LBMD (r=-0.247, p=0.062). However they did not have correlations with LBMD or other parameters after adjustment for age. Serum free sRANKL concentrations had a significant positive correlation with age (r=0.332, p=0.010) and a significant negative correlation with LBMD (r=-0.608, p<0.001). This correlation with LBMD persisted after adjustment for age. In a multiple regression analysis with a stepwise model, the main determinants of LBMD were age and serum free sRANKL (p=0.015 and p=0.006, respectively). CONCLUSIONS We found the increase in circulating OPG and sRANKL with age and a robust negative correlation between circulating free sRANKL and LBMD after adjustment for age. The increase in circulating free sRANKL may reflect directly or indirectly the conditions coexistent with bone loss in post-menopausal women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Uemura
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, 770-8503 Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Zhao HY, Liu JM, Ning G, Zhao YJ, Chen Y, Sun LH, Zhang LZ, Xu MY, Chen JL. Relationships between insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and OPG, RANKL, bone mineral density in healthy Chinese women. Osteoporos Int 2008; 19:221-6. [PMID: 17703270 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-007-0440-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2007] [Accepted: 07/16/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Serum IGF-I level was negatively correlated with OPG and OPG/RANKL ratio, but positively correlated with RANKL. Serum OPG level in the highest quintile of IGF-I was significantly lower than that in the lowest. We conclude that the effect of IGF-I on bone remodeling may be mediated by the OPG/RANKL system. INTRODUCTION Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) is an important factor in coupling bone remodeling, activating both formation and resorption. Compared with the many studies on the role of IGF-I in bone formation, the information regarding its effects on bone resorption is limited and conflicting. The balance of the two peptides produced by osteoblasts, osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL), is critical for the bone resorption process. Our study was designed to analyze the relationships of serum concentrations of IGF-I with OPG, RANKL, OPG/RANKL ratio as well as BMDs in healthy Chinese women. METHODS BMDs at lumbar spine and proximal femur in 504 pre- and postmenopausal women were measured by DXA. Serum levels of IGF-I, OPG and RANKL were also measured. Pearson's correlation and partial correlation analysis, ANOVA, covariance analysis and stepwise multiple regression analysis were used as appropriate. RESULTS Age was negatively correlated with serum levels of IGF-I (r = -0.702, p < 0.001). IGF-I was negatively correlated with OPG and OPG/RANKL ratio, but positively correlated with RANKL. The relationship between IGF-I and BMDs disappeared after adjustment for age. In postmenopausal women, IGF-I was lower in women with osteoporosis than in those with normal BMD (p = 0.056), but no differences were found among OPG, RANKL and OPG/RANKL ratio. Serum levels of OPG in the highest quintile of IGF-I were significantly lower than those in the lowest quintile of IGF-I, while no difference was found in RANKL. In the multiple regression analysis model, serum levels of IGF-I were the main determinants of the bone mass in Chinese women. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the relationship between decreasing IGF-I and BMDs in healthy Chinese women influenced by age, whereas the effect of IGF-I on bone remodeling (bone resorption) may be mediated by the OPG/RANKL system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H-Y Zhao
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Road, 200025 Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Vescovi JD, VanHeest JL, De Souza MJ. Short-term response of bone turnover to low-dose oral contraceptives in exercising women with hypothalamic amenorrhea. Contraception 2008; 77:97-104. [PMID: 18226672 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2007.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2007] [Revised: 09/24/2007] [Accepted: 10/09/2007] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
49
|
Uemura H, Yasui T, Miyatani Y, Yamada M, Hiyoshi M, Arisawa K, Irahara M. Circulating osteoprotegerin is associated with age and systolic blood pressure, but not with lipid profile or fasting glucose, in postmenopausal women. Menopause 2008; 15:180-4. [PMID: 17545921 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0b013e318046369b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoprotegerin (OPG), an inhibitor of osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast activation, has been reported to be linked to vascular biology. The aim of this study was to clarify the relationships between circulating OPG and the risk factors for vascular disorders in postmenopausal women. DESIGN Eighty Japanese postmenopausal women were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Clinical parameters (age, number of years since menopause, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure); serum concentrations of OPG, creatinine, calcium, and phosphorus; serum lipid profile; plasma glucose; and bone mineral density of the L2-4 vertebral bodies were determined for each woman. RESULTS In rank-order correlation analysis, serum OPG concentrations had significant positive correlations with age (r = 0.29, P = 0.03), systolic blood pressure (r = 0.45, P < 0.01), diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.34, P < 0.01), and serum creatinine (r = 0.29, P = 0.04). Serum OPG concentration also had a marginally significant negative correlation with bone mineral density of the L2-4 vertebral bodies (r = -0.25, P = 0.06). However, serum OPG did not correlate with body mass index, serum lipid profile, or plasma glucose. The correlation of serum OPG with systolic blood pressure persisted after adjustment for both age and serum creatinine. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that increased circulating OPG in postmenopausal women is closely related to higher systolic blood pressure, which could cause atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Uemura
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Vega D, Maalouf NM, Sakhaee K. CLINICAL Review #: the role of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB (RANK)/RANK ligand/osteoprotegerin: clinical implications. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92:4514-21. [PMID: 17895323 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2007-0646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL), receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB (RANK), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) play a central role in bone remodeling and disorders of mineral metabolism. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A PubMed search was conducted from January 1992 until 2007 for basic, observational, and clinical studies in subjects with disorders related to imbalances in the RANK/RANKL/OPG system. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS RANK, RANKL, and OPG are members of the TNF receptor superfamily. The pathways involving them in conjunction with various cytokines and calciotropic hormones play a pivotal role in bone remodeling. Several studies involving mutations in the genes encoding RANK and OPG concluded in the discovery of a number of inherited skeletal disorders. In addition, basic and clinical studies established a consistent relationship between the RANK/RANKL/OPG pathway and skeletal lesions related to disorders of mineral metabolism. These studies were a stepping stone in further defining the role of the RANK/RANKL/OPG pathway in osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, bone loss associated with malignancy-related skeletal diseases, and its relationship to vascular calcifications. Subsequently, the further understanding of this pathway led to the development of new therapeutic modalities including the human monoclonal antibody to RANKL and recombinant OPG as a target for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis and multiple myeloma. CONCLUSIONS The RANK/RANKL/OPG system mediates the effects of calciotropic hormones and, consequently, alterations in their ratio are key in the development of several clinical conditions. New agents with the potential to block effects of RANKL have emerged for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis and malignancy-related skeletal disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damaris Vega
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-8885, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|