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White TA, Miller SL, Sutherland AE, Allison BJ, Camm EJ. Perinatal compromise affects development, form, and function of the hippocampus part one; clinical studies. Pediatr Res 2024; 95:1698-1708. [PMID: 38519794 PMCID: PMC11245394 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03105-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
The hippocampus is a neuron-rich specialised brain structure that plays a central role in the regulation of emotions, learning and memory, cognition, spatial navigation, and motivational processes. In human fetal development, hippocampal neurogenesis is principally complete by mid-gestation, with subsequent maturation comprising dendritogenesis and synaptogenesis in the third trimester of pregnancy and infancy. Dendritogenesis and synaptogenesis underpin connectivity. Hippocampal development is exquisitely sensitive to perturbations during pregnancy and at birth. Clinical investigations demonstrate that preterm birth, fetal growth restriction (FGR), and acute hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) are common perinatal complications that alter hippocampal development. In turn, deficits in hippocampal development and structure mediate a range of neurodevelopmental disorders, including cognitive and learning problems, autism, and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). In this review, we summarise the developmental profile of the hippocampus during fetal and neonatal life and examine the hippocampal deficits observed following common human pregnancy complications. IMPACT: The review provides a comprehensive summary of the developmental profile of the hippocampus in normal fetal and neonatal life. We address a significant knowledge gap in paediatric research by providing a comprehensive summary of the relationship between pregnancy complications and subsequent hippocampal damage, shedding new light on this critical aspect of early neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tegan A White
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
| | - Suzanne L Miller
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Amy E Sutherland
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Beth J Allison
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Emily J Camm
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
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Whitehead MT, Limperopoulos C, Schlatterer SD, Mulkey SB, Fraser JL, du Plessis AJ. Hippocampal rotation is associated with ventricular atrial size. Pediatr Radiol 2023; 53:1941-1950. [PMID: 37183230 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-023-05687-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal ventriculomegaly is a source of apprehension for expectant parents and may present prognostic uncertainty for physicians. Accurate prenatal counseling requires knowledge of its cause and associated findings as the differential diagnosis is broad. We have observed an association between ventriculomegaly and incomplete hippocampal inversion. OBJECTIVE To determine whether ventricular size is related to incomplete hippocampal inversion. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively evaluated pre- and postnatal brain MRIs in normal subjects (mean GA, 31 weeks; mean postnatal age, 27 days) and patients with isolated ventriculomegaly (mean GA, 31 weeks; mean postnatal age, 68 days) at a single academic medical center. Lateral ventricular diameter, multiple qualitative and quantitative markers of hippocampal inversion, and evidence of intraventricular hemorrhage were documented. RESULTS Incomplete hippocampal inversion and ventricular size were associated in both normal subjects (n=51) and patients with ventriculomegaly (n=32) (P<0.05). Severe ventriculomegaly was significantly associated with adverse clinical outcome in postnatal (P=0.02) but not prenatal (P=0.43) groups. In all additional cases of isolated ventriculomegaly, clinical outcome was normal over the time of assessment (mean 1±1.9 years; range 0.01 to 10 years). CONCLUSION Lateral ventricular atrial diameter and incomplete hippocampal inversion are associated. Less hippocampal inversion correlates with larger atria. For every 1-mm increase in fetal ventricular size, the odds of incomplete hippocampal inversion occurring increases by a factor of 1.6 in normal controls and 1.4 in patients with ventriculomegaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Whitehead
- Department of Neuroradiology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.
- Prenatal Pediatrics Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.
- The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.
- Division of Fetal and Transitional Medicine, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.
- Division of Neuroradiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Radiology Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Catherine Limperopoulos
- Prenatal Pediatrics Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
- Division of Fetal and Transitional Medicine, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sarah D Schlatterer
- Prenatal Pediatrics Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
- Division of Fetal and Transitional Medicine, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sarah B Mulkey
- Prenatal Pediatrics Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
- Division of Fetal and Transitional Medicine, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jamie L Fraser
- Prenatal Pediatrics Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
- Division of Fetal and Transitional Medicine, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Adre J du Plessis
- Prenatal Pediatrics Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
- Division of Fetal and Transitional Medicine, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
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Roeske MJ, Lyu I, McHugo M, Blackford JU, Woodward ND, Heckers S. Incomplete Hippocampal Inversion: A Neurodevelopmental Mechanism for Hippocampal Shape Deformation in Schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 92:314-322. [PMID: 35487783 PMCID: PMC9339515 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.02.954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shape analyses of patients with schizophrenia have revealed bilateral deformations of the anterolateral hippocampus, primarily localized to the CA1 subfield. Incomplete hippocampal inversion (IHI), an anatomical variant of the human hippocampus resulting from an arrest during neurodevelopment, is more prevalent and severe in patients with schizophrenia. We hypothesized that IHI would affect the shape of the hippocampus and contribute to hippocampal shape differences in schizophrenia. METHODS We studied 199 patients with schizophrenia and 161 healthy control participants with structural magnetic resonance imaging to measure the prevalence and severity of IHI. High-fidelity hippocampal surface reconstructions were generated with the SPHARM-PDM toolkit. We used general linear models in SurfStat to test for group shape differences, the impact of IHI on hippocampal shape variation, and whether IHI contributes to hippocampal shape abnormalities in schizophrenia. RESULTS Not including IHI as a main effect in our between-group comparison replicated well-established hippocampal shape differences in patients with schizophrenia localized to the CA1 subfield in the anterolateral hippocampus. Shape differences were also observed near the uncus and hippocampal tail. IHI was associated with outward displacements of the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the hippocampus and inward displacements of the medial and lateral surfaces. Including IHI as a main effect in our between-group comparison eliminated the bilateral shape differences in the CA1 subfield. Shape differences in the uncus persisted after including IHI. CONCLUSIONS IHI impacts hippocampal shape. Our results suggest IHI as a neurodevelopmental mechanism for the well-known shape differences, particularly in the CA1 subfield, in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell J Roeske
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
| | - Ilwoo Lyu
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Maureen McHugo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jennifer Urbano Blackford
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Neil D Woodward
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Stephan Heckers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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Structural and Functional Deviations of the Hippocampus in Schizophrenia and Schizophrenia Animal Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105482. [PMID: 35628292 PMCID: PMC9143100 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a grave neuropsychiatric disease which frequently onsets between the end of adolescence and the beginning of adulthood. It is characterized by a variety of neuropsychiatric abnormalities which are categorized into positive, negative and cognitive symptoms. Most therapeutical strategies address the positive symptoms by antagonizing D2-dopamine-receptors (DR). However, negative and cognitive symptoms persist and highly impair the life quality of patients due to their disabling effects. Interestingly, hippocampal deviations are a hallmark of schizophrenia and can be observed in early as well as advanced phases of the disease progression. These alterations are commonly accompanied by a rise in neuronal activity. Therefore, hippocampal formation plays an important role in the manifestation of schizophrenia. Furthermore, studies with animal models revealed a link between environmental risk factors and morphological as well as electrophysiological abnormalities in the hippocampus. Here, we review recent findings on structural and functional hippocampal abnormalities in schizophrenic patients and in schizophrenia animal models, and we give an overview on current experimental approaches that especially target the hippocampus. A better understanding of hippocampal aberrations in schizophrenia might clarify their impact on the manifestation and on the outcome of this severe disease.
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Natsume T, Inaba Y, Osawa Y, Fukuyama T. High Incidence of Hippocampal Abnormalities in Pediatric Patients with Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection. Neuropediatrics 2022; 53:239-245. [PMID: 35098496 PMCID: PMC9444318 DOI: 10.1055/a-1754-1142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection exhibits polymicrogyria, intracranial calcification, white matter lesions, and several types of intracranial lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in addition to various developmental disorders and epilepsies. However, little is known on the presence of hippocampal abnormality in this affliction. The aim of this study is to clarify the incidence of hippocampal abnormality in congenital CMV infection. METHODS Seventeen children diagnosed as having congenital CMV infection along with 17 age-matched pediatric controls were retrospectively evaluated by brain MRI and clinical review. The measurement data were obtained from conventional coronal sections in this retrospective study. Hippocampal malrotation (HIMAL) was defined as a hippocampal diameter ratio (i.e., the ratio of the height and width of the hippocampus) of >0.92. RESULTS Hippocampal diameter ratios were significantly higher in the congenital CMV infection group (0.99 [range: 0.70-1.58] on the right side and 0.85 [range: 0.66-1.39] on the left side) than in controls (0.71 [range: 0.58-0.91] and 0.70 [range: 0.50-1.00], respectively). HIMAL was present in 17 of 34 hippocampi (50%) in the congenital CMV infection group and 1 of 34 hippocampi (2.9%) in controls. No correlations were detected between HIMAL and intelligence quotient/developmental quotient or the occurrences of autism spectrum disorder or epilepsy. CONCLUSION This study is the first to demonstrate the incidence of hippocampal abnormality to be significantly higher in congenital CMV infection patients than in age-matched controls. Further study is necessary to clarify the associations of HIMAL with other clinical and developmental features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takenori Natsume
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Yuji Inaba
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan,Division of Neuropediatrics, Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino, Japan,Life Science Research Center, Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino, Japan,Address for correspondence Yuji Inaba, MD, PhD Division of Neuropediatrics, Nagano Children's Hospital3100 Toyoshina, Azumino 399-8288Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Osawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Fukuyama
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan,Tetsuhiro Fukuyama, MD, PhD Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621Japan
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Roeske MJ, McHugo M, Vandekar S, Blackford JU, Woodward ND, Heckers S. Incomplete hippocampal inversion in schizophrenia: prevalence, severity, and impact on hippocampal structure. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:5407-5416. [PMID: 33437006 PMCID: PMC8589684 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-01010-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Incomplete hippocampal inversion (IHI) is an anatomical variant of the human brain resulting from an arrest in brain development, especially prevalent in the left hemisphere. We hypothesized that IHI is more common in schizophrenia and contributes to the well-known hippocampal structural differences. We studied 199 schizophrenia patients and 161 healthy control participants with 3 T MRI to establish IHI prevalence and the relationship of IHI with hippocampal volume and asymmetry. IHI was more prevalent (left hemisphere: 15% of healthy control participants, 27% of schizophrenia patients; right hemisphere: 4% of healthy control participants, 10% of schizophrenia patients) and more severe in schizophrenia patients compared to healthy control participants. Severe IHI cases were associated with a higher rate of automated segmentation failure. IHI contributed to smaller hippocampal volume and increased R > L volume asymmetry in schizophrenia. The increased prevalence and severity of IHI supports the neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia. The impact of this developmental variant deserves further exploration in studies of the hippocampus in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell J. Roeske
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Maureen McHugo
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Simon Vandekar
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Jennifer Urbano Blackford
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA ,grid.413806.8Research Health Scientist, Research and Development, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Neil D. Woodward
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Stephan Heckers
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
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Cachia A, Cury C, Brunelin J, Plaze M, Delmaire C, Oppenheim C, Medjkane F, Thomas P, Jardri R. Deviations in early hippocampus development contribute to visual hallucinations in schizophrenia. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:102. [PMID: 32214096 PMCID: PMC7096500 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-0779-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Auditory hallucinations (AHs) are certainly the most emblematic experiences in schizophrenia, but visual hallucinations (VHs) are also commonly observed in this developmental psychiatric disorder. Notably, several studies have suggested a possible relationship between the clinical variability in hallucinations' phenomenology and differences in brain development/maturation. In schizophrenia, impairments of the hippocampus, a medial temporal structure involved in mnesic and neuroplastic processes, have been repeatedly associated with hallucinations, particularly in the visual modality. However, the possible neurodevelopmental origin of hippocampal impairments in VHs has never been directly investigated. A classic marker of early atypical hippocampal development is incomplete hippocampal inversion (IHI). In this study, we compared IHI patterns in healthy volunteers, and two subgroups of carefully selected schizophrenia patients experiencing frequent hallucinations: (a) those with pure AHs and (b) those with audio-visual hallucinations (A+VH). We found that VHs were associated with a specific IHI pattern. Schizophrenia patients with A+VH exhibited flatter left hippocampi than patients with pure AHs or healthy controls. This result first confirms that the greater clinical impairment observed in A+VH patients may relate to an increased neurodevelopmental weight in this subpopulation. More importantly, these findings bring crucial hints to better specify the sensitivity period of A+VH-related IHI during early brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Cachia
- Université de Paris, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, INSERM, GHU Paris psychiatrie & neurosciences, F-75005, Paris, France. .,Université de Paris, Laboratoire de Psychologie du développement et de l'Education de l'Enfant, CNRS, F-75005, Paris, France. .,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
| | - Claire Cury
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College, London, UK ,grid.410368.80000 0001 2191 9284Univ Rennes, CNRS, Inria, Inserm, IRISA UMR 6074, EMPENN — ERL U 1228, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Jérôme Brunelin
- grid.25697.3f0000 0001 2172 4233INSERM U 1028, CNRS UMR-5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, PSYR2 Team, Université de Lyon, CH le Vinatier, Lyon, France
| | - Marion Plaze
- Université de Paris, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, INSERM, GHU Paris psychiatrie & neurosciences, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Christine Delmaire
- grid.410463.40000 0004 0471 8845CHU Lille, Salengro Hospital, Neuroradiology dpt, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Catherine Oppenheim
- Université de Paris, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, INSERM, GHU Paris psychiatrie & neurosciences, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - François Medjkane
- grid.410463.40000 0004 0471 8845CHU Lille, Hôpital Fontan, Plateforme CIC - CURE, 59000 Lille, France ,Univ Lille, INSERM U-1172, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition Centre (LiNC), Plasticity & SubjectivitY (PSY) team, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Pierre Thomas
- grid.410463.40000 0004 0471 8845CHU Lille, Hôpital Fontan, Plateforme CIC - CURE, 59000 Lille, France ,Univ Lille, INSERM U-1172, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition Centre (LiNC), Plasticity & SubjectivitY (PSY) team, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Renaud Jardri
- grid.410463.40000 0004 0471 8845CHU Lille, Hôpital Fontan, Plateforme CIC - CURE, 59000 Lille, France ,Univ Lille, INSERM U-1172, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition Centre (LiNC), Plasticity & SubjectivitY (PSY) team, 59000 Lille, France
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Genome wide association study of incomplete hippocampal inversion in adolescents. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227355. [PMID: 31990937 PMCID: PMC6986744 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Incomplete hippocampal inversion (IHI), also called hippocampal malrotation, is an atypical presentation of the hippocampus present in about 20% of healthy individuals. Here we conducted the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) in IHI to elucidate the genetic underpinnings that may contribute to the incomplete inversion during brain development. A total of 1381 subjects contributed to the discovery cohort obtained from the IMAGEN database. The incidence rate of IHI was 26.1%. Loci with P<1e-5 were followed up in a validation cohort comprising 161 subjects from the PING study. Summary statistics from the discovery cohort were used to compute IHI heritability as well as genetic correlations with other traits. A locus on 18q11.2 (rs9952569; OR = 1.999; Z = 5.502; P = 3.755e-8) showed a significant association with the presence of IHI. A functional annotation of the locus implicated genes AQP4 and KCTD1. However, neither this locus nor the other 16 suggestive loci reached a significant p-value in the validation cohort. The h2 estimate was 0.54 (sd: 0.30) and was significant (Z = 1.8; P = 0.036). The top three genetic correlations of IHI were with traits representing either intelligence or education attainment and reached nominal P< = 0.013.
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Gilsoul M, Grisar T, Delgado-Escueta AV, de Nijs L, Lakaye B. Subtle Brain Developmental Abnormalities in the Pathogenesis of Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:433. [PMID: 31611775 PMCID: PMC6776584 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME), a lifelong disorder that starts during adolescence, is the most common of genetic generalized epilepsy syndromes. JME is characterized by awakening myoclonic jerks and myoclonic-tonic-clonic (m-t-c) grand mal convulsions. Unfortunately, one third of JME patients have drug refractory m-t-c convulsions and these recur in 70-80% who attempt to stop antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Behavioral studies documented impulsivity, but also impairment of executive functions relying on organization and feedback, which points to prefrontal lobe dysfunction. Quantitative voxel-based morphometry (VBM) revealed abnormalities of gray matter (GM) volumes in cortical (frontal and parietal) and subcortical structures (thalamus, putamen, and hippocampus). Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) found evidence of dysfunction of thalamic neurons. White matter (WM) integrity was disrupted in corpus callosum and frontal WM tracts. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) further unveiled anomalies in both GM and WM structures that were already present at the time of seizure onset. Aberrant growth trajectories of brain development occurred during the first 2 years of JME diagnosis. Because of genetic origin, disease causing variants were sought, first by positional cloning, and most recently, by next generation sequencing. To date, only six genes harboring pathogenic variants (GABRA1, GABRD, EFHC1, BRD2, CASR, and ICK) with Mendelian and complex inheritance and covering a limited proportion of the world population, are considered as major susceptibility alleles for JME. Evidence on the cellular role, developmental and cell-type expression profiles of these six diverse JME genes, point to their pathogenic variants driving the first steps of brain development when cell division, expansion, axial, and tangential migration of progenitor cells (including interneuron cortical progenitors) sculpture subtle alterations in brain networks and microcircuits during development. These alterations may explain "microdysgenesis" neuropathology, impulsivity, executive dysfunctions, EEG polyspike waves, and awakening m-t-c convulsions observed in JME patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Gilsoul
- GIGA-Stem Cells, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- GENESS International Consortium, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Thierry Grisar
- GENESS International Consortium, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Antonio V. Delgado-Escueta
- GENESS International Consortium, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Epilepsy Genetics/Genomics Lab, Neurology and Research Services, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Laurence de Nijs
- GENESS International Consortium, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Bernard Lakaye
- GIGA-Stem Cells, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- GENESS International Consortium, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Caciagli L, Wandschneider B, Xiao F, Vollmar C, Centeno M, Vos SB, Trimmel K, Sidhu MK, Thompson PJ, Winston GP, Duncan JS, Koepp MJ. Abnormal hippocampal structure and function in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy and unaffected siblings. Brain 2019; 142:2670-2687. [PMID: 31365054 PMCID: PMC6776114 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy is the most common genetic generalized epilepsy syndrome, characterized by a complex polygenetic aetiology. Structural and functional MRI studies demonstrated mesial or lateral frontal cortical derangements and impaired fronto-cortico-subcortical connectivity in patients and their unaffected siblings. The presence of hippocampal abnormalities and associated memory deficits is controversial, and functional MRI studies in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy have not tested hippocampal activation. In this observational study, we implemented multi-modal MRI and neuropsychological data to investigate hippocampal structure and function in 37 patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, 16 unaffected siblings and 20 healthy controls, comparable for age, gender, handedness and hemispheric dominance as assessed with language laterality indices. Automated hippocampal volumetry was complemented by validated qualitative and quantitative morphological criteria to detect hippocampal malrotation, assumed to represent a neurodevelopmental marker. Neuropsychological measures of verbal and visuo-spatial learning and an event-related verbal and visual memory functional MRI paradigm addressed mesiotemporal function. We detected a reduction of mean left hippocampal volume in patients and their siblings compared with controls (P < 0.01). Unilateral or bilateral hippocampal malrotation was identified in 51% of patients and 50% of siblings, against 15% of controls (P < 0.05). For bilateral hippocampi, quantitative markers of verticalization had significantly larger values in patients and siblings compared with controls (P < 0.05). In the patient subgroup, there was no relationship between structural measures and age at disease onset or degree of seizure control. No overt impairment of verbal and visual memory was identified with neuropsychological tests. Functional mapping highlighted atypical patterns of hippocampal activation, pointing to abnormal recruitment during verbal encoding in patients and their siblings [P < 0.05, familywise error (FWE)-corrected]. Subgroup analyses indicated distinct profiles of hypoactivation along the hippocampal long axis in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy patients with and without malrotation; patients with malrotation also exhibited reduced frontal recruitment for verbal memory, and more pronounced left posterior hippocampal involvement for visual memory. Linear models across the entire study cohort indicated significant associations between morphological markers of hippocampal positioning and hippocampal activation for verbal items (all P < 0.05, FWE-corrected). We demonstrate abnormalities of hippocampal volume, shape and positioning in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy and their siblings, which are associated with reorganization of function and imply an underlying neurodevelopmental mechanism with expression during the prenatal stage. Co-segregation of abnormal hippocampal morphology in patients and their siblings is suggestive of a genetic imaging phenotype, independent of disease activity, and can be construed as a novel endophenotype of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Caciagli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- MRI Unit, Epilepsy Society, Chalfont St Peter, Buckinghamshire, UK
| | - Britta Wandschneider
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- MRI Unit, Epilepsy Society, Chalfont St Peter, Buckinghamshire, UK
| | - Fenglai Xiao
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- MRI Unit, Epilepsy Society, Chalfont St Peter, Buckinghamshire, UK
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Christian Vollmar
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- MRI Unit, Epilepsy Society, Chalfont St Peter, Buckinghamshire, UK
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Marchioninistrasse 15, Munich, Germany
| | - Maria Centeno
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- MRI Unit, Epilepsy Society, Chalfont St Peter, Buckinghamshire, UK
| | - Sjoerd B Vos
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- MRI Unit, Epilepsy Society, Chalfont St Peter, Buckinghamshire, UK
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London, UK
| | - Karin Trimmel
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- MRI Unit, Epilepsy Society, Chalfont St Peter, Buckinghamshire, UK
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Meneka K Sidhu
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- MRI Unit, Epilepsy Society, Chalfont St Peter, Buckinghamshire, UK
| | - Pamela J Thompson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- MRI Unit, Epilepsy Society, Chalfont St Peter, Buckinghamshire, UK
| | - Gavin P Winston
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- MRI Unit, Epilepsy Society, Chalfont St Peter, Buckinghamshire, UK
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - John S Duncan
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- MRI Unit, Epilepsy Society, Chalfont St Peter, Buckinghamshire, UK
| | - Matthias J Koepp
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- MRI Unit, Epilepsy Society, Chalfont St Peter, Buckinghamshire, UK
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11
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Bouyeure A, Germanaud D, Bekha D, Delattre V, Lefèvre J, Pinabiaux C, Mangin JF, Rivière D, Fischer C, Chiron C, Hertz-Pannier L, Noulhiane M. Three-Dimensional Probabilistic Maps of Mesial Temporal Lobe Structures in Children and Adolescents' Brains. Front Neuroanat 2018; 12:98. [PMID: 30498435 PMCID: PMC6249374 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2018.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus and the adjacent perirhinal, entorhinal, temporopolar, and parahippocampal cortices are interconnected in a hierarchical MTL system crucial for memory processes. A probabilistic description of the anatomical location and spatial variability of MTL cortices in the child and adolescent brain would help to assess structure-function relationships. The rhinal sulcus (RS) and the collateral sulcus (CS) that border MTL cortices and influence their morphology have never been described in these populations. In this study, we identified the aforementioned structures on magnetic resonance images of 38 healthy subjects aged 7-17 years old. Relative to sulcal morphometry in the MTL, we showed RS-CS conformation is an additional factor of variability in the MTL that is not explained by other variables such as age, sex and brain volume; with an innovative method using permutation testing of the extrema of structures of interest, we showed that RS-SC conformation was not associated with differences of location of MTL sulci. Relative to probabilistic maps, we offered for the first time a systematic mapping of MTL structures in children and adolescent, mapping all the structures of the MTL system while taking sulcal morphology into account. Our results, with the probabilistic maps described here being freely available for download, will help to understand the anatomy of this region and help functional and clinical studies to accurately test structure-function hypotheses in the MTL during development. Free access to MTL pediatric atlas: http://neurovault.org/collections/2381/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Bouyeure
- INSERM, CEA, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Neurospin, UNIACT, UMR1129, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - David Germanaud
- INSERM, CEA, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Neurospin, UNIACT, UMR1129, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, AP-HP, Hôpital Robert-Debré, DHU Protect, Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique et des Maladies Métaboliques, Paris, France
| | - Dhaif Bekha
- INSERM, CEA, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Neurospin, UNIACT, UMR1129, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Victor Delattre
- INSERM, CEA, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Neurospin, UNIACT, UMR1129, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Julien Lefèvre
- CNRS, ENSAM, LSIS UMR 7296, Aix Marseille University, Toulon University, Toulon, France
| | - Charlotte Pinabiaux
- Université Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense, Laboratoire CHArt (EA 4004), Nanterre, France
| | | | - Denis Rivière
- CEA, University Paris Saclay, NeuroSpin, UNATI, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Clara Fischer
- CEA, University Paris Saclay, NeuroSpin, UNATI, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Catherine Chiron
- INSERM, CEA, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Neurospin, UNIACT, UMR1129, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Lucie Hertz-Pannier
- INSERM, CEA, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Neurospin, UNIACT, UMR1129, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marion Noulhiane
- INSERM, CEA, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Neurospin, UNIACT, UMR1129, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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12
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Beker Acay M, Köken R, Ünlü E, Kaçar E, Balçık Ç. Evaluation of hippocampal infolding angle and incomplete hippocampal inversion in pediatric patients with epilepsy and febrile seizures. Diagn Interv Radiol 2018; 23:326-330. [PMID: 28509667 DOI: 10.5152/dir.2017.160077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to investigate the frequency of incomplete hippocampal inversion (IHI) and the hippocampal infolding angle (HIA) in pediatric patients with no additional abnormal findings in the brain. METHODS Pediatric brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations conducted between September 2012 and February 2015 were screened and 83 patients with epilepsy, 49 patients with febrile convulsion, and 74 control patients were included in this retrospective study. Presence of IHI was evaluated and HIA was measured on MRI. RESULTS IHI was found in 23 patients in the epilepsy group (27.7%), 15 patients in the febrile convulsion group (30.6%), and 14 patients in the control group (19.0%), with no significant difference between the groups (P = 0.27). Compared with the epilepsy and febrile convulsion groups, HIA was significantly larger in the control group in sections of the right cerebral pedincule, the left cerebral pedincule, and the right superior cerebellar pedincule. No correlation was found between the laterality of the epileptogenic focus in the epilepsy group and existence of IHI, nor between age and HIA values among the groups. CONCLUSION Although IHI is not an uncommon abnormality in the normal pediatric population, decreased HIA is more frequently found in patients with epilepsy or febrile convulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehtap Beker Acay
- Department of Radiology, Afyon Kocatepe University School of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
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13
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The Malrotated Hippocampal Formation: How Often Must We Judge Function by Shape? Epilepsy Curr 2017; 17:88-90. [PMID: 28490995 DOI: 10.5698/1535-7511.17.2.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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14
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Cury C, Toro R, Cohen F, Fischer C, Mhaya A, Samper-González J, Hasboun D, Mangin JF, Banaschewski T, Bokde ALW, Bromberg U, Buechel C, Cattrell A, Conrod P, Flor H, Gallinat J, Garavan H, Gowland P, Heinz A, Ittermann B, Lemaitre H, Martinot JL, Nees F, Paillère Martinot ML, Orfanos DP, Paus T, Poustka L, Smolka MN, Walter H, Whelan R, Frouin V, Schumann G, Glaunès JA, Colliot O. Incomplete Hippocampal Inversion: A Comprehensive MRI Study of Over 2000 Subjects. Front Neuroanat 2015; 9:160. [PMID: 26733822 PMCID: PMC4686650 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2015.00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The incomplete-hippocampal-inversion (IHI), also known as malrotation, is an atypical anatomical pattern of the hippocampus, which has been reported in healthy subjects in different studies. However, extensive characterization of IHI in a large sample has not yet been performed. Furthermore, it is unclear whether IHI are restricted to the medial-temporal lobe or are associated with more extensive anatomical changes. Here, we studied the characteristics of IHI in a community-based sample of 2008 subjects of the IMAGEN database and their association with extra-hippocampal anatomical variations. The presence of IHI was assessed on T1-weighted anatomical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using visual criteria. We assessed the association of IHI with other anatomical changes throughout the brain using automatic morphometry of cortical sulci. We found that IHI were much more frequent in the left hippocampus (left: 17%, right: 6%, χ(2)-test, p < 10(-28)). Compared to subjects without IHI, subjects with IHI displayed morphological changes in several sulci located mainly in the limbic lobe. Our results demonstrate that IHI are a common left-sided phenomenon in normal subjects and that they are associated with morphological changes outside the medial temporal lobe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Cury
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, U1127Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7225 Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinièreParis, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127Paris, France; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinièreParis, France; Inria, Aramis Team, Centre de Recherche Paris-RocquencourtParis, France; Centre d'Acquisition et de Traitement des ImagesParis, France
| | - Roberto Toro
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Genes, Synapses and Cognition, URA 2182, Institut PasteurParis, France; Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut PasteurParis, France
| | - Fanny Cohen
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, U1127Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7225 Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinièreParis, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127Paris, France; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinièreParis, France; Inria, Aramis Team, Centre de Recherche Paris-RocquencourtParis, France
| | - Clara Fischer
- Centre d'Acquisition et de Traitement des ImagesParis, France; Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale; Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives; Direction des Sciences du VivantGif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Amel Mhaya
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, U1127Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7225 Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinièreParis, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127Paris, France; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinièreParis, France; Inria, Aramis Team, Centre de Recherche Paris-RocquencourtParis, France
| | - Jorge Samper-González
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, U1127Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7225 Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinièreParis, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127Paris, France; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinièreParis, France; Inria, Aramis Team, Centre de Recherche Paris-RocquencourtParis, France
| | - Dominique Hasboun
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, U1127Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7225 Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinièreParis, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127Paris, France; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinièreParis, France; Inria, Aramis Team, Centre de Recherche Paris-RocquencourtParis, France; Departments of Neuroradiology and Neurology, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-SalpétrièreParis, France
| | - Jean-François Mangin
- Centre d'Acquisition et de Traitement des ImagesParis, France; Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale; Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives; Direction des Sciences du VivantGif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Clinical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg Mannheim, Germany
| | - Arun L W Bokde
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College DublinDublin, Ireland; Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College DublinDublin, Ireland
| | - Uli Bromberg
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Buechel
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg EppendorfHamburg, Germany; Department of Psychology, Stanford UniversityStanford, CA, USA
| | - Anna Cattrell
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondon, UK; MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry CentreLondon, UK
| | - Patricia Conrod
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondon, UK; Département de Psychiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de MontrealMontreal, QC, Canada
| | - Herta Flor
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University Mannheim, Germany
| | - Juergen Gallinat
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg EppendorfHamburg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinGermany
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin Dublin, Ireland
| | - Penny Gowland
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham Nottingham, UK
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin Germany
| | | | - Hervé Lemaitre
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale U1000, Neuroimagerie en Psychiatrie, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris Descartes Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale U1000, Neuroimagerie en Psychiatrie, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris Descartes Paris, France
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale U1000, Neuroimagerie en Psychiatrie, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris DescartesParis, France; AP-HP, Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris CitéParis, France
| | - Dimitri P Orfanos
- Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale; Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives; Direction des Sciences du Vivant Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Tomas Paus
- Rotman Research Institute, BaycrestToronto, ON, Canada; Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of TorontoToronto, Canada; Center for Developing Brain, Child Mind InstituteNew York, NY, USA
| | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Clinical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of HeidelbergMannheim, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Michael N Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden Dresden, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinGermany; Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt University BerlinBerlin, Germany
| | - Robert Whelan
- Department of Psychology, University College Dublin Dublin, Ireland
| | - Vincent Frouin
- Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale; Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives; Direction des Sciences du Vivant Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondon, UK; MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry CentreLondon, UK
| | - Joan A Glaunès
- MAP5, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité Paris, France
| | - Olivier Colliot
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, U1127Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7225 Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinièreParis, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127Paris, France; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinièreParis, France; Inria, Aramis Team, Centre de Recherche Paris-RocquencourtParis, France; Centre d'Acquisition et de Traitement des ImagesParis, France; Departments of Neuroradiology and Neurology, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-SalpétrièreParis, France
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15
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Thompson DK, Omizzolo C, Adamson C, Lee KJ, Stargatt R, Egan GF, Doyle LW, Inder TE, Anderson PJ. Longitudinal growth and morphology of the hippocampus through childhood: Impact of prematurity and implications for memory and learning. Hum Brain Mapp 2014; 35:4129-39. [PMID: 24523026 PMCID: PMC5516043 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of prematurity on hippocampal development through early childhood are largely unknown. The aims of this study were to (1) compare the shape of the very preterm (VPT) hippocampus to that of full-term (FT) children at 7 years of age, and determine if hippocampal shape is associated with memory and learning impairment in VPT children, (2) compare change in shape and volume of the hippocampi from term-equivalent to 7 years of age between VPT and FT children, and determine if development of the hippocampi over time predicts memory and learning impairment in VPT children. T1 and T2 magnetic resonance images were acquired at both term equivalent and 7 years of age in 125 VPT and 25 FT children. Hippocampi were manually segmented and shape was characterized by boundary point distribution models at both time-points. Memory and learning outcomes were measured at 7 years of age. The VPT group demonstrated less hippocampal infolding than the FT group at 7 years. Hippocampal growth between infancy and 7 years was less in the VPT compared with the FT group, but the change in shape was similar between groups. There was little evidence that the measures of hippocampal development were related to memory and learning impairments in the VPT group. This study suggests that the developmental trajectory of the human hippocampus is altered in VPT children, but this does not predict memory and learning impairment. Further research is required to elucidate the mechanisms for memory and learning difficulties in VPT children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanne K Thompson
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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16
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) are at a seven fold increased risk of developing seizures. However, only a fraction of these patients exhibit structural abnormalities such as polymicrogyria (PMG) and periventricular nodular heterotopia (PNH) that are known to cause seizures and to be associated with 22q11DS. In this study we used a dedicated seizure imaging protocol to look for additional structural abnormalities in these individuals that may explain the elevated risk of seizure disorder in this patient group. METHODS Nineteen consecutive adult subjects with 22q11DS underwent a 3 Tesla MRI with a dedicated high-resolution seizure protocol. Neurological exam was performed in all patients. Genome-wide analysis excluded the presence of other pathogenic microdeletions or duplications. RESULTS Structural abnormalities were found in 11 of 14 subjects with sufficient image quality. These included three patients with PNH, one of whom had associated PMG. In addition, there was a surprisingly high prevalence of unilateral hippocampal malrotation (HIMAL), observed in 9 of 14 cases (64%). EEG findings showed interictal epileptiform discharges with focal distribution in four patients and generalized discharges in one patient. CONCLUSION The results suggest that, in addition to other known structural abnormalities, 22q11DS is associated with HIMAL. It has been suggested that this developmental abnormality of the hippocampus may predispose or otherwise contribute to epileptogenesis. However in this study we observed HIMAL in a large proportion of patients, with and without epilepsy. Therefore, other as yet unknown factors may contribute to the high prevalence of epilepsy in this population.
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17
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Thompson DK, Adamson C, Roberts G, Faggian N, Wood SJ, Warfield SK, Doyle LW, Anderson PJ, Egan GF, Inder TE. Hippocampal shape variations at term equivalent age in very preterm infants compared with term controls: perinatal predictors and functional significance at age 7. Neuroimage 2013; 70:278-87. [PMID: 23296179 PMCID: PMC3584256 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus undergoes rapid growth and development in the perinatal months. Infants born very preterm (VPT) are vulnerable to hippocampal alterations, and can provide a model of disturbed early hippocampal development. Hippocampal shape alterations have previously been associated with memory impairment, but have never been investigated in infants. The aims of this study were to determine hippocampal shape differences between 184 VPT infants (<30 weeks' gestation or <1250 g at birth) and 32 full-term infants, effects of perinatal factors, and associations between infant hippocampal shape and volume, and 7 year verbal and visual memory (California Verbal Learning Test - Children's Version and Dot Locations). Infants underwent 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging at term equivalent age. Hippocampi were segmented, and spherical harmonics-point distribution model shape analysis was undertaken. VPT infants' hippocampi were less infolded than full-term infants, being less curved toward the midline and less arched superior-inferiorly. Straighter hippocampi were associated with white matter injury and postnatal corticosteroid exposure. There were no significant associations between infant hippocampal shape and 7 year memory measures. However, larger infant hippocampal volumes were associated with better verbal memory scores. Altered hippocampal shape in VPT infants at term equivalent age may reflect delayed or disrupted development. This study provides further insight into early hippocampal development and the nature of hippocampal abnormalities in prematurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanne K Thompson
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
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18
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Bajic D, Canto Moreira N, Wikström J, Raininko R. Asymmetric development of the hippocampal region is common: a fetal MR imaging study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2012; 33:513-8. [PMID: 22116115 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a2814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Hippocampal development is poorly understood. This study evaluated the normal development of the hippocampal region during the fetal period by using MR imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS MR images of 63 fetuses without intracranial pathology were reviewed independently by 2 radiologists with no knowledge of the fetal GA. Three MR images were performed postmortem and 60 in vivo. The progress of hippocampal inversion was analyzed in coronal sections, and the left and right sides of the hippocampal region were compared in every case. RESULTS The fetuses in the postmortem examinations were at GWs 17-18 and in the in vivo examinations, at GWs 19-36. The hippocampal sulcus was open, bi- or unilaterally, in 39 fetuses. The oldest was at GW 32. The sulcus was closed at GW 21 at the earliest, unilaterally. In 26/63 fetuses (41%), the deepening or closure of the hippocampal sulcus or hippocampal inversion was asymmetric; in 23 fetuses, the right side developed faster. A shallow collateral sulcus was found earliest at GW 17. A deep collateral sulcus was visible earliest at GW 26 unilaterally, but in all fetuses from GW 31 onward, it was seen bilaterally. The orientation of the collateral sulcus was not related to the GA. CONCLUSIONS There are wide individual temporal variations in the development and the inversion process of the hippocampal sulcus as well as in the formation of the collateral sulcus. Asymmetric development is common, and in most of the asymmetric cases, the right hippocampus develops faster.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bajic
- Department of Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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