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Sorek G, Gagnon I, Schneider K, Chevignard M, Stern N, Fadida Y, Kalderon L, Shaklai S, Katz-Leurer M. The Cardiac Autonomic Response Recovery to the Modified Tilt Test in Children Post Moderate-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. Brain Inj 2022; 36:1033-1038. [PMID: 35971307 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2022.2110942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the recovery of the cardiac autonomic control system (CACS) response to the modified tilt-test during rehabilitation, in children post moderate-severe TBI at the subacute phase post-injury. METHOD Thirty-seven children aged 6-18 years, 14-162 days post moderate-severe TBI, participated in the study. The assessment included CACS values evaluation (heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV) and blood pressure) during the modified tilt-test: five minutes lying supine and five minutes passive standing. Re-assessment was performed after eight weeks of rehabilitation. RESULTS In both assessments, only four children reported symptoms associated with orthostatic intolerance during the modified tilt-test. No change was found over time in the HR and HRV values at rest. In response to the modified tilt-test, the systolic blood pressure showed change over time, with a significant interaction effect (p=0.04); while in the first assessment the SBP values showed a hypertension trend in the second assessment the SBP values showed a hypotension trend. CONCLUSIONS Children post moderate-severe TBI at the sub-acute phase post-injury, have a better systolic blood pressure response during the modified tilt-test after eight weeks of individually tailored rehabilitation program, despite no change in the CACS values at rest. CLINICAL TRIAL GOV. NUMBER NCT03215082.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilad Sorek
- Department of Physical Therapy, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Isabelle Gagnon
- Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec province, Canada
| | - Kathryn Schneider
- Sport Injury Research Prevention Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mathilde Chevignard
- Sorbonne Université, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, LIB, & GRC 24 HaMCRe, Paris, France.,Hôpitaux de Saint Maurice, Saint Maurice, France
| | - Nurit Stern
- Alyn Children's Hospital and Rehabilitation Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yahaloma Fadida
- Children Rehabilitation Department, Lowenstein Rehabilitation Center Ra'anana, Israel
| | - Liran Kalderon
- Department of Physical Therapy, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sharon Shaklai
- Children Rehabilitation Department, Lowenstein Rehabilitation Center Ra'anana, Israel
| | - Michal Katz-Leurer
- Department of Physical Therapy, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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2
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Emotional Self-Regulation in Primary Education: A Heart Rate-Variability Biofeedback Intervention Programme. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095475. [PMID: 35564869 PMCID: PMC9099602 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the benefits of using a biofeedback intervention programme to train children in controlling their heart rate variability (HRV) through slow-paced breathing in real time. HRV biofeedback interventions focused on showing subjects to breathe such that their HRV numbers rise, improving their self-regulation. The HRV biofeedback intervention, focused on breathing, was conducted with primary education students aged between 7 and 11 years. The programme consisted of five biofeedback sessions, where students were taught to breathe six long and slow pairs of breaths per minute, to increase their HRV. After participation in the programme, students, regardless of gender, increased their HRV in a statistically significant fashion with a large effect, but this effect was not the same for all ages. HRV biofeedback interventions are rarely applied in schools and given the effectiveness of the intervention to improve HRV in children, the applied implications of our results in educational settings are discussed, especially taking into account the children’s ages.
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Anthropometric Determinants of Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia in Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19010566. [PMID: 35010824 PMCID: PMC8744931 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: The study was conducted to investigate the implications of anthropometry in school-aged children on the degree of respiratory sinus arrhythmia observed in clinical settings. Methods: In a cohort study, 626 healthy children (52% male) aged 10.8 ± 0.5 years attending primary school in a single town underwent a 12-lead electrocardiogram coupled with measurements of height, weight and blood pressure. Indices of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (pvRSA, RMSSD, RMSSDc) were derived from semi-automatic measurements of RR intervals. Height, weight, BMI, blood pressure as well as waist and hip circumferences were compared between subjects with rhythmic heart rate and respiratory sinus arrhythmia, and correlations between indices of sinus arrhythmia and anthropometry were investigated. Results: Respiratory sinus arrhythmia was recognized in 43% of the participants. Subjects with sinus arrhythmia had lower heart rate (p < 0.001), weight (p = 0.009), BMI (p = 0.005) and systolic (p = 0.018) and diastolic (p = 0.004) blood pressure. There were important inverse correlations of heart rate and indices of sinus arrhythmia (r = −0.52 for pvRSA and r = −0.58 for RMSSD), but not the anthropometry. Conclusion: Lower prevalence of respiratory sinus arrhythmia among children with overweight and obesity is a result of higher resting heart rate observed in this population.
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Plaza-Florido A, Migueles JH, Mora-Gonzalez J, Molina-Garcia P, Rodriguez-Ayllon M, Cadenas-Sanchez C, Esteban-Cornejo I, Solis-Urra P, de Teresa C, Gutiérrez Á, Michels N, Sacha J, Ortega FB. Heart Rate Is a Better Predictor of Cardiorespiratory Fitness Than Heart Rate Variability in Overweight/Obese Children: The ActiveBrains Project. Front Physiol 2019; 10:510. [PMID: 31133870 PMCID: PMC6514130 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac autonomic function can be quantified through mean heart rate (HR) or heart rate variability (HRV). Numerous studies have supported the utility of different HRV parameters as indicators of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). However, HR has recently shown to be a stronger predictor of CRF than HRV in healthy young adults, yet these findings need to be replicated, in other age groups such as children. Therefore, this study aimed: (1) to study the associations between indicators of cardiac autonomic function (HR, standard and corrected HRV parameters) and CRF in overweight/obese children; and (2) to test which of the two indicators (i.e., HR or HRV) is a stronger predictor of CRF. This study used cross-sectional baseline data of 107 overweight/obese children (10.03 ± 1.13 years, 58% boys) from the ActiveBrains project. Cardiac autonomic indicators were measured with Polar RS800CX®. CRF was assessed using a gas analyzer while performing a maximal incremental treadmill test. Correlations and stepwise linear regressions were performed. Mean HR and standard HRV parameters (i.e., pNN50, RMSSD, and SDNN) were associated with CRF (r coefficients ranging from -0.333 to 0.268; all p ≤ 0.05). The association of HR with CRF persisted after adjusting for sex, peak height velocity (PHV), adiposity moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, energy intake and circadian-related variable intradaily variability of activity patterns whilst for HRV parameters (i.e., pNN50, RMSSD, and SDNN) disappeared. Stepwise linear regression models entering HR and all HRV parameters showed that mean HR was the strongest predictor of CRF (β = -0.333, R 2 = 0.111, p < 0.001). Standard and corrected HRV parameters did not provide additional value to the coefficient of determination (all p > 0.05). Our findings suggest that HR is the strongest indicator of CRF. It seems that quantification of HRV parameters in time and frequency domain do not add relevant clinical information about the cardiovascular health status (as measured by CRF) in overweight/obese children beyond the information already provided by the simple measure of HR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Plaza-Florido
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity” Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jairo H. Migueles
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity” Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jose Mora-Gonzalez
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity” Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Pablo Molina-Garcia
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity” Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maria Rodriguez-Ayllon
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity” Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity” Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Irene Esteban-Cornejo
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity” Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Health, Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Patricio Solis-Urra
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity” Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- IRyS Group, School of Physical Education, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Carlos de Teresa
- Andalusian Centre of Sport Medicine (CAMD), Junta de Andalucía, Granada, Spain
| | - Ángel Gutiérrez
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Nathalie Michels
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jerzy Sacha
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, Opole, Poland
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital in Opole, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
| | - Francisco B. Ortega
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity” Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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Koenig J, Rash JA, Campbell TS, Thayer JF, Kaess M. A Meta-Analysis on Sex Differences in Resting-State Vagal Activity in Children and Adolescents. Front Physiol 2017; 8:582. [PMID: 28883794 PMCID: PMC5573740 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lower vagal activity is associated with psychopathology independent of age. Research suggests that alterations of vagal activity precede the development of psychopathology. The present review aimed to quantify sex differences in vagal activity in children and adolescents. Studies reporting on sex differences on measures of vagally-mediated heart rate variability derived from short-term recordings under resting conditions in boys and girls were included. Drawing on data from more than 5,000 children and adolescents, we provide evidence that healthy young girls display lower vagal activity and greater mean heart rate compared to boys, a finding that may have implications for risk associated with the development of internalizing psychopathology and somatic ill-health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Koenig
- Section for Translational Psychobiology in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre of Psychosocial Medicine, University of HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
| | - Joshua A Rash
- Department of Psychology, University of CalgaryCalgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Memorial University of NewfoundlandSt. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Tavis S Campbell
- Department of Psychology, University of CalgaryCalgary, AB, Canada
| | - Julian F Thayer
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State UniversityColumbus, OH, United States
| | - Michael Kaess
- Section for Translational Psychobiology in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre of Psychosocial Medicine, University of HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany.,University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of BernBern, Switzerland
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6
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Autonomic Responses to Head-Up Tilt Test in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 46:1121-1128. [PMID: 28795253 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-017-0339-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Oliveira RS, Barker AR, Wilkinson KM, Abbott RA, Williams CA. Is cardiac autonomic function associated with cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity in children and adolescents? A systematic review of cross-sectional studies. Int J Cardiol 2017; 236:113-122. [PMID: 28238507 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart rate variability (HRV) is considered to explain improvements in cardiovascular health accrued by physical activity (PA) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) over and above traditional cardiovascular risk factors. OBJECTIVE To systematically address associations between HRV, PA and CRF in children and adolescents. DATA SOURCES Medline, EMBASE, SportDISCUS and CINAHL Plus were searched on 5th September 2015 and updated on 4th August 2016. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Observational studies comparing HRV in different groups of PA and CRF, and/or studies investigating associations between PA, CRF and HRV. Sports practices and PA intensities were also included. The square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of differences between adjacent RR intervals (RMSSD), the spectral density in the high (HF) and low (LF) frequency, and the LF/HF ratio were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the adapted Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). RESULTS Heterogeneity exists in the assessment of the exposures and outcomes, and sample characteristics. Risk of bias (NOS) was observed in most of the studies. Studies with low risk of bias showed positive associations between moderate-to-vigorous PA and RMSSD. The evidence for the associations between PA and frequency indices is weak. Similarly, the evidence for the association between CRF and HRV is weak. CONCLUSIONS Despite the heterogeneity in the studies, moderate-to-vigorous PA is positively associated with RMSSD, but less clear are the associations between CRF and HRV, as well as other PA intensities. Further research is needed to clarify the role of PA and CRF on HRV in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Santos Oliveira
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Alan Robert Barker
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Kelly Michelle Wilkinson
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Rebecca Anne Abbott
- Evidence Synthesis and Modelling for Health Improvement (ESMI), University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Craig Anthony Williams
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
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8
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Herzig D, Eser P, Radtke T, Wenger A, Rusterholz T, Wilhelm M, Achermann P, Arhab A, Jenni OG, Kakebeeke TH, Leeger-Aschmann CS, Messerli-Bürgy N, Meyer AH, Munsch S, Puder JJ, Schmutz EA, Stülb K, Zysset AE, Kriemler S. Relation of Heart Rate and its Variability during Sleep with Age, Physical Activity, and Body Composition in Young Children. Front Physiol 2017; 8:109. [PMID: 28286485 PMCID: PMC5323426 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recent studies have claimed a positive effect of physical activity and body composition on vagal tone. In pediatric populations, there is a pronounced decrease in heart rate with age. While this decrease is often interpreted as an age-related increase in vagal tone, there is some evidence that it may be related to a decrease in intrinsic heart rate. This factor has not been taken into account in most previous studies. The aim of the present study was to assess the association between physical activity and/or body composition and heart rate variability (HRV) independently of the decline in heart rate in young children. Methods: Anthropometric measurements were taken in 309 children aged 2–6 years. Ambulatory electrocardiograms were collected over 14–18 h comprising a full night and accelerometry over 7 days. HRV was determined of three different night segments: (1) over 5 min during deep sleep identified automatically based on HRV characteristics; (2) during a 20 min segment starting 15 min after sleep onset; (3) over a 4-h segment between midnight and 4 a.m. Linear models were computed for HRV parameters with anthropometric and physical activity variables adjusted for heart rate and other confounding variables (e.g., age for physical activity models). Results: We found a decline in heart rate with increasing physical activity and decreasing skinfold thickness. HRV parameters decreased with increasing age, height, and weight in HR-adjusted regression models. These relationships were only found in segments of deep sleep detected automatically based on HRV or manually 15 min after sleep onset, but not in the 4-h segment with random sleep phases. Conclusions: Contrary to most previous studies, we found no increase of standard HRV parameters with age, however, when adjusted for heart rate, there was a significant decrease of HRV parameters with increasing age. Without knowing intrinsic heart rate correct interpretation of HRV in growing children is impossible.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Herzig
- Preventive Cardiology and Sports Medicine, University Clinic for Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern Bern, Switzerland
| | - Prisca Eser
- Preventive Cardiology and Sports Medicine, University Clinic for Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Radtke
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alina Wenger
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Rusterholz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of ZurichZurich, Switzerland; University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of BernBern, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Wilhelm
- Preventive Cardiology and Sports Medicine, University Clinic for Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter Achermann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of ZurichZurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of ZurichZurich, Switzerland
| | - Amar Arhab
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Oskar G Jenni
- Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital ZurichZurich, Switzerland; Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital ZurichZurich, Switzerland
| | - Tanja H Kakebeeke
- Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital ZurichZurich, Switzerland; Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital ZurichZurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Nadine Messerli-Bürgy
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV)Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of FribourgFribourg, Switzerland
| | - Andrea H Meyer
- Department of Psychology, University of Basel Basel, Switzerland
| | - Simone Munsch
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Fribourg Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jardena J Puder
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV)Lausanne, Switzerland; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Obesity, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV)Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Einat A Schmutz
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kerstin Stülb
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Fribourg Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Annina E Zysset
- Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susi Kriemler
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
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Correlation between physical activity, aerobic fitness and body fat against autonomic function profile in children. Clin Auton Res 2016; 26:197-203. [PMID: 27052321 DOI: 10.1007/s10286-016-0355-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate correlations between physical activity, VO2PEAK and body fat versus autonomic function in children. METHODS Children (n = 98) between 10 and 12 years underwent a maximal exercise test (VO2PEAK) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measured body fat. General physical activity, moderate to vigorous physical activity and vigorous physical activity were assessed by accelerometers. Deep breath test with E/I-ratio calculation and a head-up tilt test were performed. The sum of z-scores represented an index score for autonomic function profile and included E/I-ratio plus difference in blood pressure and heart rate between supine and tilted position. Correlation analyses were performed between physical activity parameters, body fat and VO2PEAK versus autonomic function profile. RESULTS No significant correlations were found between autonomic function profile and physical activity or body fat (p > 0.05). VO2PEAK was correlated with autonomic function profile in boys (r = 0.30, p < 0.05), but not in girls (r = 0.04, NS). One girl and eight boys terminated head-up tilt test prematurely due to intolerance. Minutes of vigorous physical activity per day was lower in these boys compared with those (n = 48) who completed the head-up tilt test (5.1 ± 3.3 vs. 10.4 ± 6.6, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Physical activity or body fat was not associated with autonomic function profile. VO2PEAK correlated to autonomic function profile in boys.
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Sex differences in healthy human heart rate variability: A meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 64:288-310. [PMID: 26964804 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 431] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The present meta-analysis aimed to quantify current evidence on sex differences in the autonomic control of the heart, indexed by measures of heart rate variability (HRV) in healthy human subjects. An extensive search of the literature yielded 2020 titles and abstracts, of which 172 provided sufficient reporting of sex difference in HRV. Data from 63,612 participants (31,970 females) were available for analysis. Meta-analysis yielded a total of 1154 effect size estimates (k) across 50 different measures of HRV in a cumulated total of 296,247 participants. Females showed a significantly lower mean RR interval and standard deviation of RR intervals (SDNN). The power spectral density of HRV in females is characterized by significantly less total power that contains significantly greater high- (HF) and less low-frequency (LF) power. This is further reflected by a lower LF/HF ratio. Meta-regression revealed significant effects of age, respiration control and the length of recording available for analysis. Although women showed greater mean heart rate, they showed greater vagal activity indexed by HF power of HRV. Underlying mechanisms of these findings are discussed.
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11
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Dutra SGV, Pereira APM, Tezini GCSV, Mazon JH, Martins-Pinge MC, Souza HCD. Cardiac autonomic modulation is determined by gender and is independent of aerobic physical capacity in healthy subjects. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77092. [PMID: 24098577 PMCID: PMC3789672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aerobic physical capacity plays an important role in reducing morbidity and mortality rates in subjects with cardiovascular diseases. This action is often related to an improvement in the autonomic modulation of heart rate variability (HRV). However, controversies remain regarding the effects of physical training on cardiac autonomic control in healthy subjects. Therefore, our objective was to investigate whether aerobic capacity interferes with the autonomic modulation of HRV and whether gender differences exist. METHODS Healthy men and women (N=96) were divided into groups according to aerobic capacity: low (VO2: 22-38 ml/kg(-1) min(-1)), moderate (VO2: 38-48 ml/kg(-1) min(-1)) and high (VO2 >48 ml/kg(-1) min(-1).) We evaluated the hemodynamic parameters and body composition. The autonomic modulation of HRV was investigated using spectral analysis. This procedure decomposes the heart rate oscillatory signal into frequency bands: low frequency (LF=0.04-0.15Hz) is mainly related to sympathetic modulation, and high frequency (HF=0.15-0.5Hz) corresponds to vagal modulation. RESULTS Aerobic capacity, regardless of gender, determined lower values of body fat percentage, blood pressure and heart rate. In turn, the spectral analysis of HRV showed that this parameter did not differ when aerobic capacity was considered. However, when the genders were compared, women had lower LF values and higher HF values than the respective groups of men. CONCLUSION The results suggest that aerobic physical capacity does not interfere with HRV modulation; however, the cardiac modulatory balance differs between genders and is characterized by a greater influence of the autonomic vagal component in women and by the sympathetic component in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina G. V. Dutra
- Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula M. Pereira
- Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Geisa C. S. V. Tezini
- Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José H. Mazon
- Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marli C. Martins-Pinge
- Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Hugo C. D. Souza
- Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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12
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Determinants and reference values of short-term heart rate variability in children. Eur J Appl Physiol 2012; 113:1477-88. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-012-2572-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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Blood pressure variability and closed-loop baroreflex assessment in adolescent chronic fatigue syndrome during supine rest and orthostatic stress. Eur J Appl Physiol 2010; 111:497-507. [PMID: 20890710 PMCID: PMC3037975 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-010-1670-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Hemodynamic abnormalities have been documented in the chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), indicating functional disturbances of the autonomic nervous system responsible for cardiovascular regulation. The aim of this study was to explore blood pressure variability and closed-loop baroreflex function at rest and during mild orthostatic stress in adolescents with CFS. We included a consecutive sample of 14 adolescents 12–18 years old with CFS diagnosed according to a thorough and standardized set of investigations and 56 healthy control subjects of equal sex and age distribution. Heart rate and blood pressure were recorded continuously and non-invasively during supine rest and during lower body negative pressure (LBNP) of –20 mmHg to simulate mild orthostatic stress. Indices of blood pressure variability and baroreflex function (α-gain) were computed from monovariate and bivariate spectra in the low-frequency (LF) band (0.04–0.15 Hz) and the high–frequency (HF) band (0.15–0.50 Hz), using an autoregressive algorithm. Variability of systolic blood pressure in the HF range was lower among CFS patients as compared to controls both at rest and during LBNP. During LBNP, compared to controls, α-gain HF decreased more, and α-gain LF and the ratio of α-gain LF/α-gain HF increased more in CFS patients, all suggesting greater shift from parasympathetic to sympathetic baroreflex control. CFS in adolescents is characterized by reduced systolic blood pressure variability and a sympathetic predominance of baroreflex heart rate control during orthostatic stress. These findings may have implications for the pathophysiology of CFS in adolescents.
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Brunetto AF, Roseguini BT, Silva BM, Hirai DM, Ronque EV, Guedes DP. Limiar de variabilidade da freqüência cardíaca em adolecentes obesos e não-obesos. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/s1517-86922008000200012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A obesidade na adolescência está associada à disfunção simpato-vagal cardíaca em repouso, embora existam poucas informações sobre a resposta autonômica durante o exercício nestes adolescentes. OBJETIVO: Comparar a modulação autonômica durante teste de esforço físico dinâmico incremental em amostras de adolescentes obesos e não-obesos, e analisar a relação entre o limiar de variabilidade da freqüência cardíaca (LiVFC) e o limar ventilatório (LV). MÉTODOS: Dez adolescentes obesos e 19 adolescentes não-obesos do sexo masculino com idades entre 13 e 18 anos foram submetidos à teste de esforço físico progressivo máximo em esteira rolante para estudo da variabilidade da freqüência cardíaca (VFC) e para identificação do LV. A VFC foi estudada mediante análise do desvio-padrão da variabilidade instantânea batimento-a-batimento (SD1) da Plotagem de Poincaré. O LiVFC foi identificado na intensidade de esforço físico em que o SD1 atingiu valor menor que 3 ms. RESULTADOS: O índice SD1 diminuiu progressivamente em ambos os grupos até aproximadamente 50-60% do VO2pico, sendo que os adolescentes obesos apresentaram valores significativamente menores (p<0,001) somente na intensidade relativa a 20% do VO2pico, Os adolescentes obesos apresentaram valores relativos (mL.kg-1.min-1) de VO2pico e LV significativamente menores (p<0,05) que os adolescentes não-obesos. Em ambos os grupos, não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre o ponto de ocorrência do LV e do LiVFC, expressos em valores relativos e absolutos de VO2. Contudo, não foram encontradas correlações significativas entre o ponto de ocorrência do LV e do LiVFC, tanto em valores relativos quanto em valores absolutos de VO2. CONCLUSÕES: A obesidade na adolescência parece não estar associada à alteração da modulação autonômica durante o exercício físico. Torna-se possível determinar o LiVFC mediante análise da Plotagem de Poincaré em adolescentes obesos e não-obesos. Entretanto, a ausência de associação estatística entre o LiVFC e o LV demonstra que parece não haver relação causal entre estes eventos.
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