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The Role of Inflammasome Activation in Early HIV Infection. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:1487287. [PMID: 34595244 PMCID: PMC8478595 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1487287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammasome pathway is an important arm of the innate immune system that provides antiviral immunity against many viruses. The main pathways involved in virus infections include the NLRP3, IFI16, and AIM2 pathways. However, a succinct understanding of its role in HIV is not yet well elucidated. In this review, we showed that NLRP3 inflammasome activation plays a vital role in inhibiting HIV entry into target cells via the purinergic pathway; IFI16 detects intracellular HIV ssDNA, triggers interferon I and III production, and inhibits HIV transcription; and AIM2 binds to HIV dsDNA and triggers acute inflammation and pyroptosis. Remarkably, by understanding these mechanisms, new therapeutic strategies can be developed against the disease.
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Hassuna NA, El Feky M, Hussein AARM, Mahmoud MA, Idriss NK, Abdelwahab SF, Ibrahim MA. Interleukin-18 and interferon-γ single nucleotide polymorphisms in Egyptian patients with tuberculosis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0244949. [PMID: 33412574 PMCID: PMC7790531 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-18 (IL-18) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) are cytokines of crucial role in inflammation and immune reactions. There is a growing evidence supporting important roles for IL-18 and IFN γ in tuberculosis (TB) infection and anti-tuberculosis immunity. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the role of polymorphisms in IL-18-607 and -137 and INF-γ +874 in susceptibility to TB infection among Egyptian patients. METHODS A case control study was conducted to investigate the polymorphism at IL-18-607, -137 and INF-γ+874 by sequence specific primer-polymerase chain reaction (SSP- PCR) in 105 patients with pulmonary and extra pulmonary tuberculosis and 106 controls. RESULTS A significant protective effect against TB was found in homozygous CC genotype at IL-18 -137G/C, in addition to a 7-fold risk with GG and GC genotypes in the recessive model. Apart from a decreased risk with the AC genotype, no association was detected between the susceptibility to TB and different genotypes or alleles at the IL-18 -607A/C site. The homozygous AA genotype in INF-γ+874 showed a significant higher risk to TB than the homozygous TT or heterozygous AT genotypes with nearly a 2-fold risk of TB infection with the A allele. Regarding haplotype association, the GC haplotype was strongly associated with TB infection compared to other haplotypes. CONCLUSION These findings suggest; for the first time in Egypt; a significant risk to TB infection with SNP at the IL-18-137G/C with no LD with SNP at the IL-18-607 site. The homozygous AA genotype in INF-γ+874 showed a significant higher risk to TB than the homozygous TT or heterozygous AT genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha A. Hassuna
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
- * E-mail:
| | - Mohamed El Feky
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Manal A. Mahmoud
- Department of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Naglaa K. Idriss
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Sayed F. Abdelwahab
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
- Division of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Taif College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maggie A. Ibrahim
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Inflammasome genetics and complex diseases: a comprehensive review. Eur J Hum Genet 2020; 28:1307-1321. [PMID: 32499599 PMCID: PMC7608315 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-020-0631-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The inflammasome is a cytoplasmic multiprotein complex responsible for the activation of inflammatory caspases (caspase-1, -4, and -5) in response to pathogen- and/or damage-associated molecular patterns or to homeostasis-altering molecular pathways, and for the consequent release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1ß and IL-18. Taking in account the complexity of inflammasome activation and that several regulatory steps are involved in maintaining its physiologic role in homeostasis and innate immune response, it does not surprise that several genetic variants in inflammasome components have been associated with common pathologies in the general population, such as autoimmune disorders, cardiovascular diseases, obesity and associated metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Moreover, the susceptibility to infectious agents and/or to develop severe complications during infections also has been related to inflammasome genetics. In this work, we revised genetic association studies about polymorphisms of main inflammasome genes in sterile as well as infectious diseases, trying to depict the genetic contribution of inflammasome in disease pathogenesis.
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Leal VNC, Reis EC, Pontillo A. Inflammasome in HIV infection: Lights and shadows. Mol Immunol 2019; 118:9-18. [PMID: 31835091 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The importance of inflammasome, and related cytokines IL-1ß and IL-18, in host defense against pathogens is well documented, however, at the same time, dysregulation of inflammasome has been associated to multifactorial diseases characterized by chronic inflammation (i.e.: metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmunity, cancer). Inflammasome activation has been described in response to HIV-1 and possibly contributes to the resistance against virus establishment, however, on the other hand, when viral infection becomes chronic, independently from antiretroviral therapy, the increase constitutive activation of inflammasome has been eventually associated to a worse prognosis, raising the question about the role played by inflammasome and/or some specific receptors in this context. Due to the chance to imply targeted therapies that inhibit inflammasome activation and/or cytokines release, it will be important to define the impact of the complex in the pathogenesis of HIV. The purpose of this review is to depict the double-faced inflammasome role in HIV-1 infection, trying to unveil whether besides its role in first line defense against the virus, it exerts a harmful effect during the chronic phase of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Nunes Cordeiro Leal
- Laboratorio de Imunogenetica, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas (ICB), Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Edione Cristina Reis
- Laboratorio de Imunogenetica, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas (ICB), Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Pontillo
- Laboratorio de Imunogenetica, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas (ICB), Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Samarani S, Allam O, Sagala P, Aldabah Z, Jenabian MA, Mehraj V, Tremblay C, Routy JP, Amre D, Ahmad A. Imbalanced production of IL-18 and its antagonist in human diseases, and its implications for HIV-1 infection. Cytokine 2016; 82:38-51. [PMID: 26898120 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
IL-18 is a pleiotropic and multifunctional cytokine that belongs to the IL-1 family. It is produced as a biologically inactive precursor, which is cleaved into its active mature form mainly by caspase-1. The caspase becomes active from its inactive precursor (procaspase-1) upon assembly of an inflammasome. Because of IL-18's potential pro-inflammatory and tissue destructive effects, its biological activities are tightly controlled in the body by its naturally occurring antagonist called IL-18BP. The antagonist is produced in the body both constitutively and in response to an increased production of IL-18 as a negative feedback mechanism. Under physiological conditions, most of IL-18 in the circulation is bound with IL-18BP and is inactive. However, an imbalance in the production of IL-18 and its antagonist (an increase in the production of IL-18 with a decrease, no increase or an insufficient increase in the production of IL-18BP) has been described in many chronic inflammatory diseases in humans. The imbalance results in an increase in the concentrations of free IL-18 (unbound with its antagonist) resulting in increased biological activities of the cytokine that contribute towards pathogenesis of the disease. In this article, we provide an overview of the current biology of IL-18 and its antagonist, discuss how the imbalance occurs in HIV infections and how it contributes towards development of AIDS and other non-AIDS-associated clinical conditions occurring in HIV-infected individuals undergoing combination anti-retroviral therapy (cART). Finally, we discuss challenges facing immunotherapeutic strategies aimed at restoring balance between IL-18 and its antagonist in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Samarani
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Canada; CHU-Sainte-Justine Research Center, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Canada; University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ossama Allam
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Canada; CHU-Sainte-Justine Research Center, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Canada; University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Patrick Sagala
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Canada; CHU-Sainte-Justine Research Center, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Canada; University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Zainab Aldabah
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Canada; CHU-Sainte-Justine Research Center, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Canada; University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Vikram Mehraj
- McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Cécile Tremblay
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Canada; Division of Infectious Diseases, CHUM, Canada; University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Devendra Amre
- CHU-Sainte-Justine Research Center, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Canada; University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ali Ahmad
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Canada; CHU-Sainte-Justine Research Center, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Canada; University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.
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Zhou C, Ouyang N, Li QH, Luo SX, He Q, Lei H, Liu Q. The -137G/C single nucleotide polymorphism in IL-18 gene promoter contributes to tuberculosis susceptibility in Chinese Han population. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015; 36:376-380. [PMID: 26474654 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin (IL) -18 is crucial to host defense against mycobacterial infections. Recent studies have indicated IL-18 gene polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to several clinical diseases. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to investigate the association of IL-18 (-137G/C and -607C/A) gene promoter single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB), and the effects of those SNPs to its protein producing capacity in Chinese Han population. METHODS 407 TB patients (including 113 children and 294 adults) and 469 healthy volunteers (including 167 children and 302 adults) from Chinese Han population were enrolled. The IL-18 gene promoter polymorphisms at positions of -137 and -607 were determined by sequence specific primer-polymerase chain reaction (SSP-PCR). The IL-18 levels in the supernatants of PBMCs from 46 healthy volunteers were measured by ELISA. RESULTS The gene distribution of IL-18 -137G/C and -607C/A showed none difference between adult and pediatric population. The frequency of IL-18 -137GG genotype was significantly higher in total TB group than that in total healthy control group (79.1% V 69.3%, P<0.01), while the frequencies of GC genotype and C allele were conversely lower (19.2% V 27.9%, P<0.01; 11.3% V 16.7%, P<0.01 respectively). The difference of the -137CC genotype distribution between patients and controls was not observed. At the -607C/A polymorphic site, patient and control groups had a very similar gene distribution. Isolated PBMCs with IL-18 -137GC/CC genotype were able to produce a higher level of IL-18 than those with IL-18 -137GG genotype, either spontaneously or in response to PMA plus calcimycin A23187. CONCLUSION IL-18 -137G/C polymorphism contributed to TB susceptibility in Chinese Han population. Allele G might be a predisposing gene of TB, while allele C probably plays a role in preventing mycobacterium tuberculosis infection by promoting more vigorous protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Nan Ouyang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Qing Hui Li
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Ningxia, Ningxia, PR China.
| | - Su Xin Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Quan He
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Han Lei
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Qing Liu
- Centre for Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
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Imran M, Manzoor S, Parvaiz F. Predictive potential of IL-18 -607 and osteopontin -442 polymorphism in interferon-based therapy of HCV infection in the Pakistani population. Viral Immunol 2014; 27:404-11. [PMID: 25198668 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2014.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The adaptive immune system plays an important role in response to interferon plus ribavirin treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Cytokines play a significant role in the adaptive immune system. The production of cytokines may be regulated by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). This study was designed to examine the correlation of some important SNPs of cytokines with interferon plus ribavirin treatment of HCV infection in the Pakistani population. We followed 140 chronic HCV-infected patients in our study. All of these patients had completed their planned course of interferon plus ribavirin treatment. We also considered 120 healthy subjects as controls. The detection of interleukin-18 (IL-18) SNPs was performed by tetra-primers amplification-refectory mutation system polymerase chain reaction, while for genotyping of osteopontin (OPN), transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), and N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 8 (GALNT8) SNPs, allele-specific polymerase chain reaction was performed. The distribution of the IL-18 -607AA genotype varied significantly between healthy control and patient groups. Its distribution was significantly high in healthy subjects than HCV patients (p = 0.031), signifying its potential involvement in the natural clearance of HCV infection. The occurrence of the -607AA genotype of IL-18 was also significantly higher in the sustained virological group (SVR) than in the nonresponder (NR) group (p = 0.046), highlighting its protective involvement in the treatment outcome of chronic HCV infection. The frequency of the OPN -442TT genotype was higher in the SVR group than in the NR group (p = 0.034), indicating a significant possible role of this genotype in therapy for HCV infection. No important association was found between TGFβ and GALNT8 genotypes and the natural clearance and treatment response of HCV infection. IL-18 -607AA and OPN -442TT genotypes can be used as positive predictive markers of interferon plus ribavirin treatment of HCV infection in the Pakistani population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Bio-Sciences, Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) , Islamabad, Pakistan
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do Nascimento WGA, Cilião DA, Genre J, Gondim DD, Alves RG, Hassan ND, Lima FP, Pereira MG, Donadi EA, de Oliveira Crispim JC. Genetic polymorphisms of Interleukin-18 are not associated with allograft function in kidney transplant recipients. Genet Mol Biol 2014; 37:343-9. [PMID: 25071398 PMCID: PMC4094619 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572014005000005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 18 (IL-18) is a proinflammatory cytokine that plays a role in host defense by upregulating both innate and acquired immune responses. Analysis of IL18 polymorphisms may be clinically important since their roles have been recognized in a variety of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. However, the role of this cytokine polymorphisms in kidney transplant still remains unclear. In this study, we evaluated the associations between IL18 polymorphisms and graft function assessed by creatinine clearance in kidney transplant recipients. A total of 82 kidney transplant recipients and 183 healthy controls were enrolled, and frequencies of alleles, genotypes and haplotypes for IL18 polymorphisms were determined and compared with creatinine clearance. The -607C/A (rs1946518) and -137C/G (rs187238) variant alleles in the IL18 gene were determined by polymerase chain reaction. In our study, no significant association was found between the IL18 variants and creatinine clearance (p > 0.05). Nonetheless, polymorphism analysis revealed an increase in the frequency of the IL18 major haplotype -607C/-137G in kidney transplant patients (odds ratio 2.57, 95% confidence interval 1.45–4.55, p = 0.0014). Finally, we found that IL18 polymorphisms did not influence the renal function and that IL18 haplotype -607C/-137G seems to be associated with kidney transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daiani Alves Cilião
- Departamento de Medicina Clínica , Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto , Universidade de São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto, SP , Brazil
| | - Julieta Genre
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte , Natal, RN , Brazil
| | - Dikson Dibe Gondim
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte , Natal, RN , Brazil
| | | | - Neife Deghaide Hassan
- Departamento de Medicina Clínica , Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto , Universidade de São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto, SP , Brazil
| | | | - Maurício Galvão Pereira
- Departamento de Medicina Integrativa , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte , Natal, RN , Brazil
| | - Eduardo Antônio Donadi
- Departamento de Medicina Clínica , Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto , Universidade de São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto, SP , Brazil
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Hazzaa HHA, Rashwan WAM, Attia EAS. IL-18 gene polymorphisms in aphthous stomatitis vs. Behçet's disease in a cohort of Egyptian patients. J Oral Pathol Med 2014; 43:746-53. [PMID: 24935632 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A clinical investigation of the potential correlation of two single-nucleotide polymorphisms at -137 (G/C) and -607 (C/A) in the promoter region of the IL-18 gene, with the susceptibility to aphthous stomatitis and Behçet's disease. PATIENT AND METHODS This study included 80 aphthous stomatitis patients and 80 patients with Behçet's disease. Eighty healthy subjects were enrolled as a control group. IL-18 single-nucleotide polymorphisms at -607 and -137 regions were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. RESULTS The genotype and allele distributions of the two regions did not differ significantly between patients with aphthous stomatitis and controls. The genotype and allele distributions at -607 were significantly different between patients with Behçet's disease [CC (P = 0.044), C allele (P = 0.043), A allele (P = 0.043)], and controls. The frequency of the GG genotype at position -137 in patients with Behçet's disease was associated only with a higher rate of ocular manifestations (OR= 1.4, CI= 0.76-2.7, P = 0.031). CONCLUSION IL-18 gene polymorphisms were not associated with any susceptibility to aphthous stomatitis, while a positive association was found with patients with Behçet's disease regarding -607 promoter site. Moreover, patients with Behçet's disease carrying the GG genotype at position -137 had a higher risk of developing ocular manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala H A Hazzaa
- Oral Medicine, Diagnosis, Periodontology and Radiology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al Azhar University (Girls Branch), Cairo, Egypt
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Imran M, Manzoor S, Ashraf J, Khalid M, Tariq M, Khaliq HM, Azam S. Role of viral and host factors in interferon based therapy of hepatitis C virus infection. Virol J 2013; 10:299. [PMID: 24079723 PMCID: PMC3849893 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-10-299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The current standard of care (SOC) for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the combination of pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN), Ribavirin and protease inhibitor for HCV genotype 1. Nevertheless, this treatment is successful only in 70-80% of the patients. In addition, the treatment is not economical and is of immense physical burden for the subject. It has been established now, that virus-host interactions play a significant role in determining treatment outcomes. Therefore identifying biological markers that may predict the treatment response and hence treatment outcome would be useful. Both IFN and Ribavirin mainly act by modulating the immune system of the patient. Therefore, the treatment response is influenced by genetic variations of the human as well as the HCV genome. The goal of this review article is to summarize the impact of recent scientific advances in this area regarding the understanding of human and HCV genetic variations and their effect on treatment outcomes. Google scholar and PubMed have been used for literature research. Among the host factors, the most prominent associations are polymorphisms within the region of the interleukin 28B (IL28B) gene, but variations in other cytokine genes have also been linked with the treatment outcome. Among the viral factors, HCV genotypes are noteworthy. Moreover, for sustained virological responses (SVR), variations in core, p7, non-structural 2 (NS2), NS3 and NS5A genes are also important. However, all considered single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of IL28B and viral genotypes are the most important predictors for interferon based therapy of HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Abstract
Several host genetic factors play an important role in susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and in its progression to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). The interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a multifunctional proinflammatory cytokine that regulates immune responses and plays a pathogenic role in HIV-1 infection by enhancing viral replication. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IL-18 gene promoter region may lead to altered transcriptional activity and IL-18 production, and may account for variation in the risk of HIV-1 infection. We have investigated the association between IL-18 promoter polymorphism −607C>A and HIV-1 infection through a case-control study of 500 patients with HIV-1/AIDS and an equal number of age and sex matched controls in a north Indian population. Genotyping using sequence specific primer-polymerase chain reaction (SSP-PCR) showed a statistically significant reduced risk of HIV-1 infection for the A>A genotype [odds ratio (OR) = 0.57, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.33–0.98, p = 0.040], but not for the C>A genotype (OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.66–1.14, p = 0.321). We concluded that the −607A allele of the IL-18 gene promoter polymorphism may play a protective role against the progression of HIV-1 infection in this population.
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McLaren PJ, Coulonges C, Ripke S, van den Berg L, Buchbinder S, Carrington M, Cossarizza A, Dalmau J, Deeks SG, Delaneau O, De Luca A, Goedert JJ, Haas D, Herbeck JT, Kathiresan S, Kirk GD, Lambotte O, Luo M, Mallal S, van Manen D, Martinez-Picado J, Meyer L, Miro JM, Mullins JI, Obel N, O'Brien SJ, Pereyra F, Plummer FA, Poli G, Qi Y, Rucart P, Sandhu MS, Shea PR, Schuitemaker H, Theodorou I, Vannberg F, Veldink J, Walker BD, Weintrob A, Winkler CA, Wolinsky S, Telenti A, Goldstein DB, de Bakker PIW, Zagury JF, Fellay J. Association study of common genetic variants and HIV-1 acquisition in 6,300 infected cases and 7,200 controls. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003515. [PMID: 23935489 PMCID: PMC3723635 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been performed in HIV-1 infected individuals, identifying common genetic influences on viral control and disease course. Similarly, common genetic correlates of acquisition of HIV-1 after exposure have been interrogated using GWAS, although in generally small samples. Under the auspices of the International Collaboration for the Genomics of HIV, we have combined the genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data collected by 25 cohorts, studies, or institutions on HIV-1 infected individuals and compared them to carefully matched population-level data sets (a list of all collaborators appears in Note S1 in Text S1). After imputation using the 1,000 Genomes Project reference panel, we tested approximately 8 million common DNA variants (SNPs and indels) for association with HIV-1 acquisition in 6,334 infected patients and 7,247 population samples of European ancestry. Initial association testing identified the SNP rs4418214, the C allele of which is known to tag the HLA-B*57:01 and B*27:05 alleles, as genome-wide significant (p = 3.6×10−11). However, restricting analysis to individuals with a known date of seroconversion suggested that this association was due to the frailty bias in studies of lethal diseases. Further analyses including testing recessive genetic models, testing for bulk effects of non-genome-wide significant variants, stratifying by sexual or parenteral transmission risk and testing previously reported associations showed no evidence for genetic influence on HIV-1 acquisition (with the exception of CCR5Δ32 homozygosity). Thus, these data suggest that genetic influences on HIV acquisition are either rare or have smaller effects than can be detected by this sample size. Comparing the frequency differences between common DNA variants in disease-affected cases and in unaffected controls has been successful in uncovering the genetic component of multiple diseases. This approach is most effective when large samples of cases and controls are available. Here we combine information from multiple studies of HIV infected patients, including more than 6,300 HIV+ individuals, with data from 7,200 general population samples of European ancestry to test nearly 8 million common DNA variants for an impact on HIV acquisition. With this large sample we did not observe any single common genetic variant that significantly associated with HIV acquisition. We further tested 22 variants previously identified by smaller studies as influencing HIV acquisition. With the exception of a deletion polymorphism in the CCR5 gene (CCR5Δ32) we found no convincing evidence to support these previous associations. Taken together these data suggest that genetic influences on HIV acquisition are either rare or have smaller effects than can be detected by this sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J. McLaren
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Cédric Coulonges
- Laboratoire Génomique, Bioinformatique, et Applications, EA4627, Chaire de Bioinformatique, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Paris, France
- ANRS Genomic Group (French Agency for Research on AIDS and Hepatitis), Paris, France
| | - Stephan Ripke
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Leonard van den Berg
- Department of Neurology, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Susan Buchbinder
- Bridge HIV, San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Mary Carrington
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, SAIC Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Andrea Cossarizza
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Modena, Italy
| | - Judith Dalmau
- AIDS Research Institute IrsiCaixa, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Steven G. Deeks
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Olivier Delaneau
- Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea De Luca
- University Division of Infectious Diseases, Siena University Hospital, Siena, Italy
- Institute of Clinical infectious Diseases, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - James J. Goedert
- Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David Haas
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Joshua T. Herbeck
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Sekar Kathiresan
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gregory D. Kirk
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Olivier Lambotte
- INSERM U1012, Bicêtre, France
- University Paris-Sud, Bicêtre, France
- AP-HP, Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Bicêtre Hospital, Bicêtre, France
| | - Ma Luo
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Simon Mallal
- Institute for Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University and Pathwest, Perth, Australia
| | - Daniëlle van Manen
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Sanquin Research, Landsteiner Laboratory, and Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA) at the Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Javier Martinez-Picado
- AIDS Research Institute IrsiCaixa, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laurence Meyer
- ANRS Genomic Group (French Agency for Research on AIDS and Hepatitis), Paris, France
- Inserm, CESP U1018, University Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud; AP-HP, Hopital Bicêtre, Epidemiology and Public Health Service, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - José M. Miro
- Infectious Diseases Service. Hospital Clinic – IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - James I. Mullins
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Niels Obel
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The National University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stephen J. O'Brien
- Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Florencia Pereyra
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Disease, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Francis A. Plummer
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Guido Poli
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, School of Medicine & San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ying Qi
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, SAIC Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Pierre Rucart
- Laboratoire Génomique, Bioinformatique, et Applications, EA4627, Chaire de Bioinformatique, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Paris, France
- ANRS Genomic Group (French Agency for Research on AIDS and Hepatitis), Paris, France
| | - Manj S. Sandhu
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Non-Communicable Disease Research Group, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick R. Shea
- Center for Human Genome Variation, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Hanneke Schuitemaker
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Sanquin Research, Landsteiner Laboratory, and Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA) at the Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ioannis Theodorou
- ANRS Genomic Group (French Agency for Research on AIDS and Hepatitis), Paris, France
- INSERM UMRS 945, Paris, France
| | - Fredrik Vannberg
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jan Veldink
- Department of Neurology, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bruce D. Walker
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Amy Weintrob
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Cheryl A. Winkler
- Basic Research Laboratory, Molecular Genetic Epidemiology Section, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Steven Wolinsky
- Division of Infectious Diseases, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Amalio Telenti
- Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David B. Goldstein
- Center for Human Genome Variation, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Paul I. W. de Bakker
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Genetics Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-François Zagury
- Laboratoire Génomique, Bioinformatique, et Applications, EA4627, Chaire de Bioinformatique, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Paris, France
- ANRS Genomic Group (French Agency for Research on AIDS and Hepatitis), Paris, France
| | - Jacques Fellay
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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13
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Lu JX, Lu ZQ, Zhang SL, Zhi J, Chen ZP, Wang WX. Correlation between interleukin-18 promoter -607C/A polymorphism and susceptibility to ischemic stroke. Braz J Med Biol Res 2013; 46:502-6. [PMID: 23739747 PMCID: PMC3854443 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20132850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the promoter region of
interleukin-18 (IL-18), an inflammatory
cytokine, have been linked to susceptibility to many diseases, including cancer
and immune dysfunction. Here, we explored the potential association between the
IL-18 -607C/A (rs1946518) promoter region polymorphism and
susceptibility to ischemic stroke (IS). This locus was amplified from peripheral
blood samples of 386 IS patients (cases) and 364 healthy individuals (controls)
by the polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers. Significant
differences were observed by the χ2 test in the -607C/A (rs1946518)
genotype and allele frequencies between cases and controls (P < 0.05).
Furthermore, after excluding for age, gender, smoking status, and hypertension,
logistic regression indicated that IS susceptibility of -607C carriers increased
1.6 times (OR = 1.601, 95%CI = 1.148-2.233, P = 0.006) compared to -607A
carriers. Additionally, similar increases in IS risk were noted for male
patients or patients less than 65 years old. In conclusion,
IL-18 -607C/A (rs1946518) promoter polymorphism is
associated with IS susceptibility, and the C allele may confer increased IS
risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-xia Lu
- Yancheng Health Vocational and Technical College, Department of Medical Technology, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, China.
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14
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da Silva RC, Bedin E, Mangano A, Aulicino P, Pontillo A, Brandão L, Guimarães R, Arraes LC, Sen L, Crovella S. HIV mother-to-child transmission: a complex genetic puzzle tackled by Brazil and Argentina research teams. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2013; 19:312-22. [PMID: 23524206 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) mother-to-child transmission is a complex event, depending upon environmental factors and is affected by host genetic factors from mother and child, as well as viral genetic elements. The integration of multiple parameters (CD4 cell count, virus load, HIV subtype, and host genetic markers) could account for the susceptibility to HIV infection, a multifactorial trait. The goal of this manuscript is to analyze the immunogenetic factors associated to HIV mother-to-child transmission, trying to unravel the genetic puzzle of HIV mother-to-child transmission and considering the experience in this topic of two research groups from Brazil and Argentina.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Celerino da Silva
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n°, CEP 50.670-420, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n°, CEP 50.670-420, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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15
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Louvain de Souza T, de Souza Campos Fernandes RC, Medina-Acosta E. HIV-1 control in battlegrounds: important host genetic variations for HIV-1 mother-to-child transmission and progression to clinical pediatric AIDS. Future Virol 2012. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl.12.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) is the passing of maternal HIV-1 to the offspring during pregnancy, labor and delivery, and/or breastfeeding. HIV-1 MTCT and the evolution to pediatric AIDS are multifactorial, dynamic and variable phenotypic conditions. Both genetic and nongenetic variables can influence susceptibility to HIV-1 MTCT or the rate of progression to clinical pediatric AIDS. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge about the roles of genetic variations seen in host immune response genes, and those that have been independently associated, mostly through population genetics of candidate genes, with interindividual susceptibility to HIV-1 MTCT, and progression to pediatric AIDS. We examine common and rare host genetic variations at coding and noncoding polymorphisms, whether functional or not, in agonists and antagonists of the immune response, which have been implicated in HIV-1 control in battlegrounds of cell entry, replication and evolution to AIDS. Further, we point to over 380 single-nucleotide polymorphisms, mostly within the HLA super region, recently identified in unbiased genome-wide association studies of HIV replication and evolution in adults, still unexplored in the context of HIV-1 MTCT, and which are likely to also influence susceptibility to pediatric HIV-1/AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Louvain de Souza
- Molecular Identification & Diagnosis Unit, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Brazil
| | - Regina Célia de Souza Campos Fernandes
- Municipal Program for the Surveillance of Sexually Transmitted Diseases & Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome of Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
- Faculty of Medicine of Campos, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
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16
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Rocha-Júnior MC, Haddad R, Cilião Alves DC, de Deus Wagatsuma VM, Mendes-Junior CT, Deghaide NHS, Takayanagui OM, Covas DT, Donadi EA, Kashima S. Interleukin-18 and interferon-gamma polymorphisms are implicated on proviral load and susceptibility to human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 infection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 80:143-50. [PMID: 22587568 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2012.01887.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-18 (IL-18) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) exert important functions in both innate and adaptive immune responses against intracellular pathogens and viruses. Previous studies suggested that host genetic factors, including cytokines gene polymorphisms, could be involved in the pathogenesis of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Thus, we analyzed -137C/G and -607A/C of the IL-18 promoter and +874T/A of the IFN-γ in DNA samples from 98 HTLV-1-infected individuals exhibiting or not clinical symptoms and 150 healthy control individuals. The IL-18 promoter -607CC genotype was significantly lower in HTLV-1 asymptomatic carriers (HAC) and HTLV-1-infected individuals (HAC + HAM/TSP) than healthy control group. In contrast, the -607AC genotype was significantly higher in HAC and HTLV-1-infected individuals group compared to the healthy control group. The -137G/-607A IL-18 haplotype was higher in infected group than healthy control group, and the -137C/-607C IL-18 haplotype was increased in the healthy control group compared to the others. Finally, the IFN-γ polymorphism analysis showed that the HTLV-1-infected individuals with +874AT genotype presented higher proviral load than +874AA genotype. These data indicate that the IL-18-607AC genotype and -137G/-607A haplotype could be a risk factor for HTLV-1 infection, whereas the protective effect could be conferred by -607CC genotype and -137C/-607C haplotype. Also, the IFN-γ could be implicated on the proviral load levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Rocha-Júnior
- Hemocentro de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo CEP: 14051-140, Brazil
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17
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Common human genetic variants and HIV-1 susceptibility: a genome-wide survey in a homogeneous African population. AIDS 2011; 25:513-8. [PMID: 21160409 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0b013e328343817b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To date, CCR5 variants remain the only human genetic factors to be confirmed to impact HIV-1 acquisition. However, protective CCR5 variants are largely absent in African populations, in which sporadic resistance to HIV-1 infection is still unexplained. We investigated whether common genetic variants associate with HIV-1 susceptibility in Africans. METHODS We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in a population of 1532 individuals from Malawi, a country with high prevalence of HIV-1 infection. Using single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) present on the genome-wide chip, we also investigated previously reported associations with HIV-1 susceptibility or acquisition. Recruitment was coordinated by the Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology at two sexually transmitted infection clinics. HIV status was determined by HIV rapid tests and nucleic acid testing. RESULTS After quality control, the population consisted of 848 high-risk seronegative and 531 HIV-1 seropositive individuals. Logistic regression testing in an additive genetic model was performed for SNPs that passed quality control. No single SNP yielded a significant P value after correction for multiple testing. The study was sufficiently powered to detect markers with genotype relative risk 2.0 or more and minor allele frequencies 12% or more. CONCLUSION This is the first GWAS of host determinants of HIV-1 susceptibility, performed in an African population. The absence of any significant association can have many possible explanations: rarer genetic variants or common variants with weaker effect could be responsible for the resistance phenotype; alternatively, resistance to HIV-1 infection might be due to nongenetic parameters or to complex interactions between genes, immunity and environment.
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18
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Manohar K, Suneetha PV, Sukriti, Pati NT, Gupta AC, Hissar S, Sakhuja P, Sarin SK. Association of IL-18 promoter polymorphism with liver disease severity in HCV-infected patients. Hepatol Int 2009; 3:371-7. [PMID: 19669363 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-009-9127-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2008] [Accepted: 02/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Interleukin (IL)-18 plays an important dual role in Th1 polarization and viral clearance, as well as in the development of liver fibrosis. Single-nucleotide promoter polymorphisms influence the transcription of IL-18 mRNA. Promoter polymorphisms are linked to delayed virus clearance and disease susceptibility in many diseases. However, there is no information about their role in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. AIM To investigate the association between -607 or -137 polymorphism with susceptibility and severity of HCV infection. PATIENTS AND METHODS Two hundred and four serologically proven patients with chronic HCV infection and 350 matched healthy controls were included in this study. Patients were segregated in 2 groups: group A with mild liver disease and group B with severe liver disease on the basis of histological activity index (HAI </=5 or >5) and hepatic fibrosis score (</=2 or >2). IL-18 promoter genotyping was performed with sequence-specific primers. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the frequencies of -607 and -137 allelic distribution in patients and controls. The -607 A/A allele was more common in group A patients with mild liver disease than in patients with severe liver disease on the basis of HAI (38.6% vs. 21%, P = 0.05; odds ratio [OR] = 0.424, confidence interval [CI] = 0.233-0.773; R (2) = 0.631) and stage of fibrosis (38.7% vs. 16.7%, P = 0.008; OR = 0282, CI = 0.134-0.596; R (2) = 0.434). CONCLUSIONS IL-18 promoter polymorphism at -607 position with A/A allele is a potential protective marker, as it is associated with milder liver disease in patients with chronic HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Manohar
- Department of Gastroenterology, G.B. Pant Hospital, New Delhi, India
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19
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Piacentini L, Biasin M, Fenizia C, Clerici M. Genetic correlates of protection against HIV infection: the ally within. J Intern Med 2009; 265:110-24. [PMID: 19093964 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2008.02041.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Repeated exposure to HIV does not necessarily result in infection and HIV infection does not inevitably lead to the development of the AIDS. Multiple immunological and genetic features can confer resistance to HIV acquisition and progression at different steps in viral infection; a full understanding of these mechanisms could result in the development of novel therapeutic and vaccine approaches for HIV infection. In this review, we focus on the genetic mechanisms associated with resistance to HIV infection and to the progression to AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Piacentini
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, University of Milan, Segrate, Milan, Italy
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20
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Bouzgarrou N, Hassen E, Schvoerer E, Stoll-Keller F, Bahri O, Gabbouj S, Cheikh I, Maamouri N, Mammi N, Saffar H, Trabelsi A, Triki H, Chouchane L. Association of interleukin-18 polymorphisms and plasma level with the outcome of chronic HCV infection. J Med Virol 2008; 80:607-14. [PMID: 18297714 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the main cause of chronic liver disease throughout the world, and may progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Immunological factors, especially cytokines and some host genetic variations, rather than direct HCV action, seem to play an important role in the pathogenesis of HCV infection. Elevated levels of interleukin-18 (IL-18) were described previously for chronically (HCV)-infected patients. This study is aimed at investigating IL-18 promoter polymorphisms (-607C/A and -137G/C) in HCV-infected patients with different disease severities (chronic hepatitis C, liver cirrhosis and HCC) and establishing an association between these polymorphisms and IL-18 plasma concentration with the outcome of chronic HCV infection. The carriage of at least one C allele at position -607 (CC + CA) was associated with a higher risk of cirrhosis and HCC (P = 0.032). Compared with controls, HCV-infected patients had significantly higher levels of IL-18 (P = 0.0001) that correlate with disease severity (P = 0.01, P = 0.001, P = 0.0006, respectively). In conclusion, we supposed a possible implication of IL-18 promoter polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of chronic HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bouzgarrou
- Laboratory of Molecular Immuno-oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Monastir, Tunisia.
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21
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Harishankar M, Selvaraj P, Rajeswari DN, Anand SP, Narayanan PR. Promoter polymorphism of IL-18 gene in pulmonary tuberculosis in South Indian population. Int J Immunogenet 2007; 34:317-20. [PMID: 17845300 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2007.00714.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-18 (IL-18) plays a vital role in both innate and acquired immunity. We analysed polymorphisms at -607(C/A) and -137(G/A) in the promoter region of IL-18 gene by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction in normal healthy subjects (n = 173) and patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (n = 165). Allele, genotype and haplotype frequencies did not differ significantly between normal healthy subjects and patients. The results suggest that the IL-18 gene promoter polymorphisms are not associated with susceptibility or resistance to pulmonary tuberculosis in south Indian population of Dravidian descent.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Harishankar
- Tuberculosis Research Center, Indian Council of Medical Research, Chetput, Chennai, India
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22
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Lama J, Planelles V. Host factors influencing susceptibility to HIV infection and AIDS progression. Retrovirology 2007; 4:52. [PMID: 17651505 PMCID: PMC1978541 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-4-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2007] [Accepted: 07/25/2007] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmission of HIV first results in an acute infection, followed by an apparently asymptomatic period that averages ten years. In the absence of antiretroviral treatment, most patients progress into a generalized immune dysfunction that culminates in death. The length of the asymptomatic period varies, and in rare cases infected individuals never progress to AIDS. Other individuals whose behavioral traits put them at high-risk of HIV transmission, surprisingly appear resistant and never succumb to infection. These unique cases highlight the fact that susceptibility to HIV infection and progression to disease are complex traits modulated by environmental and genetic factors. Recent evidence has indicated that natural variations in host genes can influence the outcome of HIV infection and its transmission. In this review we summarize the available literature on the roles of cellular factors and their genetic variation in modulating HIV infection and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Lama
- La Jolla Institute for Molecular Medicine, 4570 Executive Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, USA
- RetroVirox, Inc. 4570 Executive Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Vicente Planelles
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, 15 North Medical Drive East #2100 – Room 2520, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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23
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Lv H, Jia L, Jia J. Promoter polymorphisms which modulate APP expression may increase susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2006; 29:194-202. [PMID: 17112637 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2006.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2006] [Revised: 09/17/2006] [Accepted: 10/02/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that variants in promoter of the beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene could up-regulate the APP gene expression and aggravate the amyloid beta protein (A beta) accumulation, thus contributing to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In Chinese Han populations we found three polymorphisms in APP promoter: -877T/C(rs466433), -955A/G(rs364048) and -9G/C. The -877T and -955A alleles were over-represented in 209 sporadic AD (SAD) patients when compared to those in 437 healthy individuals. Furthermore, -877T/C and -955A/G were in strong linkage disequilibrium and they constructed a relatively risky -877T/-955A and a relatively protective -877C/-955G. Luciferase reporter assay indicated -877T/-955A had four times higher transcriptional activity than -877C/-955G. A more marked increase in -877T/-955A transcriptional activity was seen when under A beta(25-35) treatment. As for the -9G/C polymorphism, significant differences between the two alleles were not observed either in genetic evaluation or in functional assay. The present study provides strong evidence that APP promoter polymorphisms that significantly increase APP expression levels are associated with development of SAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Lv
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of the Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, PR China
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