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Liu D, Liu G, Liu S. Promising Application, Efficient Production, and Genetic Basis of Mannosylerythritol Lipids. Biomolecules 2024; 14:557. [PMID: 38785964 PMCID: PMC11117751 DOI: 10.3390/biom14050557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs) are a class of glycolipids that have been receiving increasing attention in recent years due to their diverse biological activities. MELs are produced by certain fungi and display a range of bioactivities, making them attractive candidates for various applications in medicine, agriculture, and biotechnology. Despite their remarkable qualities, industrial-scale production of MELs remains a challenge for fungal strains. Excellent fungal strains and fermentation processes are essential for the efficient production of MELs, so efforts have been made to improve the fermentation yield by screening high-yielding strains, optimizing fermentation conditions, and improving product purification processes. The availability of the genome sequence is pivotal for elucidating the genetic basis of fungal MEL biosynthesis. This review aims to shed light on the applications of MELs and provide insights into the genetic basis for efficient MEL production. Additionally, this review offers new perspectives on optimizing MEL production, contributing to the advancement of sustainable biosurfactant technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dun Liu
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;
| | - Guanglei Liu
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;
| | - Shiping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China
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2
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Valkenburg AD, Ncube MZ, Teke GM, van Rensburg E, Pott RWM. A review on the upstream production and downstream purification of mannosylerythritol lipids. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:853-876. [PMID: 38108218 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Biosurfactants are natural compounds with remarkable surface-active properties that may offer an eco-friendly alternative to conventional surfactants. Among them, mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs) stand out as an intriguing example of a glycolipid biosurfactant. MELs have been used in a variety of sectors for various applications, and are currently commercially produced. Industrially, they are used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food, and agricultural industries, based on their ability to reduce surface tension and enhance emulsification. However, despite their utility, their production is comparatively limited industrially. From a bioprocessing standpoint, two areas of interest to improve the production process are upstream production and downstream (separation and purification) product recovery. The former has seen a significant amount of research, with researchers investigating several production factors: the microbial species or strain employed, the producing media composition, and the production strategy implemented. Improvement and optimization of these are key to scale-up the production of MELs. On the other hand, the latter has seen comparatively limited work presented in the literature. For the most part traditional separation techniques have been employed. This systematic review presents the production and purification methodologies used by researchers by comprehensively analyzing the current state-of-the-art with regards the production, separation, and purification of MELs. By doing so, the review presents different possible approaches, and highlights some potential areas for future work by identifying opportunities for the commercialization of MELs.
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Affiliation(s)
- André D Valkenburg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Mellisa Z Ncube
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - George M Teke
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Eugéne van Rensburg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Robert W M Pott
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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3
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Yu C, Qi J, Han H, Wang P, Liu C. Progress in pathogenesis research of Ustilago maydis, and the metabolites involved along with their biosynthesis. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2023; 24:495-509. [PMID: 36808861 PMCID: PMC10098057 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Ustilago maydis is a pathogenic fungus that causes corn smut. Because of its easy cultivation and genetic transformation, U. maydis has become an important model organism for plant-pathogenic basidiomycetes. U. maydis is able to infect maize by producing effectors and secreted proteins as well as surfactant-like metabolites. In addition, the production of melanin and iron carriers is also associated with its pathogenicity. Here, advances in our understanding of the pathogenicity of U. maydis, the metabolites involved in the pathogenic process, and the biosynthesis of these metabolites, are reviewed and discussed. This summary will provide new insights into the pathogenicity of U. maydis and the functions of associated metabolites, as well as new clues for deciphering the biosynthesis of metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Yu
- Key Laboratory for Enzyme and Enzyme‐Like Material Engineering of Heilongjiang, College of Life ScienceNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Jianzhao Qi
- Key Laboratory for Enzyme and Enzyme‐Like Material Engineering of Heilongjiang, College of Life ScienceNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & PharmacyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Haiyan Han
- Key Laboratory for Enzyme and Enzyme‐Like Material Engineering of Heilongjiang, College of Life ScienceNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Pengchao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Enzyme and Enzyme‐Like Material Engineering of Heilongjiang, College of Life ScienceNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Chengwei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Enzyme and Enzyme‐Like Material Engineering of Heilongjiang, College of Life ScienceNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
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Mierke F, Brink DP, Norbeck J, Siewers V, Andlid T. Functional genome annotation and transcriptome analysis of Pseudozyma hubeiensis BOT-O, an oleaginous yeast that utilizes glucose and xylose at equal rates. Fungal Genet Biol 2023; 166:103783. [PMID: 36870442 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2023.103783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Pseudozyma hubeiensis is a basidiomycete yeast that has the highly desirable traits for lignocellulose valorisation of being equally efficient at utilization of glucose and xylose, and capable of their co-utilization. The species has previously mainly been studied for its capacity to produce secreted biosurfactants in the form of mannosylerythritol lipids, but it is also an oleaginous species capable of accumulating high levels of triacylglycerol storage lipids during nutrient starvation. In this study, we aimed to further characterize the oleaginous nature of P. hubeiensis by evaluating metabolism and gene expression responses during storage lipid formation conditions with glucose or xylose as a carbon source. The genome of the recently isolated P. hubeiensis BOT-O strain was sequenced using MinION long-read sequencing and resulted in the most contiguous P. hubeiensis assembly to date with 18.95 Mb in 31 contigs. Using transcriptome data as experimental support, we generated the first mRNA-supported P. hubeiensis genome annotation and identified 6540 genes. 80% of the predicted genes were assigned functional annotations based on protein homology to other yeasts. Based on the annotation, key metabolic pathways in BOT-O were reconstructed, including pathways for storage lipids, mannosylerythritol lipids and xylose assimilation. BOT-O was confirmed to consume glucose and xylose at equal rates, but during mixed glucose-xylose cultivation glucose was found to be taken up faster. Differential expression analysis revealed that only a total of 122 genes were significantly differentially expressed at a cut-off of |log2 fold change| ≥ 2 when comparing cultivation on xylose with glucose, during exponential growth and during nitrogen-starvation. Of these 122 genes, a core-set of 24 genes was identified that were differentially expressed at all time points. Nitrogen-starvation resulted in a larger transcriptional effect, with a total of 1179 genes with significant expression changes at the designated fold change cut-off compared with exponential growth on either glucose or xylose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Mierke
- Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden; Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel P Brink
- Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden; Applied Microbiology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Joakim Norbeck
- Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Verena Siewers
- Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Thomas Andlid
- Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Enhanced fermentation of biosurfactant mannosylerythritol lipids on the pilot scale under efficient foam control with addition of soybean oil. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Yu G, Wang X, Zhang C, Chi Z, Chi Z, Liu G. Efficient production of mannosylerythritol lipids by a marine yeast Moesziomyces aphidis XM01 and their application as self-assembly nanomicelles. MARINE LIFE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 4:373-383. [PMID: 37073164 PMCID: PMC10077156 DOI: 10.1007/s42995-022-00135-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs) are one of the most promising biosurfactants because of their excellent physicochemical properties, high environmental compatibility, and various biological functions. In this study, a mangrove yeast strain Moesziomyces aphidis XM01 was identified and used for efficient extracellular MEL production. The MEL titer reached 64.5 ± 0.7 g/L at flask level within 7 days with the optimized nitrogen and carbon source of 2.0 g/L NaNO3 and 70 g/L soybean oil. Furthermore, during a 10-L two-stage fed-batch fermentation, the final MEL titer reached 113.6 ± 3.1 g/L within 8 days, with prominent productivity and yield of 14.2 g·L-1·day-1 and 94.6 g/g(glucose and soybean oil). Structural analysis indicated that the produced MELs were mainly MEL-A and its fatty acid profile was composed of only medium-chain fatty acids (C8-C12), especially C10 acids (77.81%). Further applications of this compound were evaluated as one-step self-assembly nanomicelles. The obtained MEL nanomicelles showed good physicochemical stability and antibacterial activity. In addition, using clarithromycin as a model hydrophobic drug, the MEL nanomicelles exhibited high loading capacity and could be used for the controlled and sustained drug release in low-pH environments. Therefore, M. aphidis XM01 is an excellent candidate for efficient MEL production, and the prepared MEL nanomicelles have broad application prospects in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic fields. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42995-022-00135-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanshuo Yu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Xiaoxiang Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Chao Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Zhe Chi
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237 China
| | - Zhenming Chi
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237 China
| | - Guanglei Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237 China
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Thraeib JZ, Altemimi AB, Jabbar Abd Al-Manhel A, Abedelmaksoud TG, El-Maksoud AAA, Madankar CS, Cacciola F. Production and Characterization of a Bioemulsifier Derived from Microorganisms with Potential Application in the Food Industry. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12060924. [PMID: 35743955 PMCID: PMC9227042 DOI: 10.3390/life12060924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in the development and use of natural emulsifiers, which provide biodegradability as well as non-toxicity along with giving better performance compared to existing emulsifying agents used in the food industry. A large variety of sources of starting material, i.e., the microorganisms, are available to be used, hence giving a diverse range of applications. The focus of this review paper is on the production of bioemulsifiers, which are said to be "green surfactants", from fungi, bacteria and yeasts; furthermore, an overview pertaining to the knowledge gained over the years in terms of characterization techniques is reported. The methods used for the characterization and isolation such as TLC, GC-MS, HPLC, NMR have also been studied. The end-application products such as cookies, muffins, and doughs along with the methods used for the incorporation of bioemulsifiers, microorganisms from which they are derived, properties imparted to the product with the use of a particular bioemulsifier and comparison with the existing food grade emulsifiers has been discussed in detail. The future prospects indicate that newer bioemulsifiers with anti-microbial, anti-oxidant and stabilization properties will prove to have a larger impact, and emphasis will be on improving the performance at an economically viable methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaffar Z. Thraeib
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah 61004, Iraq; (J.Z.T.); (A.J.A.A.-M.)
| | - Ammar B. Altemimi
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah 61004, Iraq; (J.Z.T.); (A.J.A.A.-M.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.A.); (F.C.)
| | - Alaa Jabbar Abd Al-Manhel
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah 61004, Iraq; (J.Z.T.); (A.J.A.A.-M.)
| | | | | | - Chandu S. Madankar
- Department of Oils, Oleochemicals and Surfactants Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India;
| | - Francesco Cacciola
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.B.A.); (F.C.)
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8
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A comprehensive review on natural occurrence, synthesis and biological activities of glycolipids. Carbohydr Res 2022; 516:108556. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Beck A, Vogt F, Hägele L, Rupp S, Zibek S. Optimization and Kinetic Modeling of a Fed-Batch Fermentation for Mannosylerythritol Lipids (MEL) Production With Moesziomyces aphidis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:913362. [PMID: 35656195 PMCID: PMC9152284 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.913362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mannosylerythritol lipids are glycolipid biosurfactants with many interesting properties. Despite the general interest in those molecules and the need for a robust process, studies on their production in bioreactors are still scarce. In the current study, the fermentative production of MEL in a bioreactor with Moesziomyces aphidis was performed using a defined mineral salt medium. Several kinetic process parameters like substrate consumption rates and product formation rates were evaluated and subsequently enhanced by increasing the biomass concentration through an exponential fed-batch strategy. The fed-batch approaches resulted in two to three fold increased dry biomass concentrations of 10.9–15.5 g/L at the end of the growth phase, compared with 4.2 g/L in the batch process. Consequently, MEL formation rates were increased from 0.1 g/Lh up to around 0.4 g/Lh during the MEL production phase. Thus, a maximum concentration of up to 50.5 g/L MEL was obtained when oil was added in excess, but high concentrations of residual fatty acids were also present in the broth. By adjusting the oil feeding to biomass-specific hydrolysis and MEL production rates, a slightly lower MEL concentration of 34.3 g/L was obtained after 170 h, but at the same time a very pure crude lipid extract with more than 90% MEL and a much lower concentration of remaining fatty acids. With rapeseed oil as substrate, the ideal oil-to-biomass ratio for full substrate conversion was found to be around 10 goil/gbiomass. In addition, off-gas analysis and pH trends could be used to assess biomass growth and MEL production. Finally, kinetic models were developed and compared to the experimental data, allowing for a detailed prediction of the process behavior in future experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Beck
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVP, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Franziska Vogt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lorena Hägele
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVP, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Steffen Rupp
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVP, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Susanne Zibek
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVP, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart, Germany
- *Correspondence: Susanne Zibek,
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Bhangale AP, Wadekar SD, Kale SB, Mali SN, Pratap AP. Non-traditional oils with water-soluble substrate as cell growth booster for the production of mannosylerythritol lipids by Pseudozyma antarctica (ATCC 32657) with their antimicrobial activity. TENSIDE SURFACT DET 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/tsd-2021-2366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Among glycolipids, mannosylerythritol lipids (MEL), are mild and environmentally friendly surfactants used in various industrial applications. MELs are produced by biofermentation using non-traditional oils with various water-soluble carbon sources as cell growth booster. This substrate affects the production yield and cost of MEL. In this research work, the non-traditional oils jatropha oil, karanja oil and neem oil were used as new substrates along with glucose, glycerol and honey as new water-soluble substrates. All these oils are new feedstocks for the production of MEL using Pseudozyma antarctica (ATCC 32657). Jatropha oil, karanja oil and neem oil with honey as substrates resulted in higher MEL yields of (8.07, 7.75, and 1.86) g/L and better cell growth of (8.07, 7.75, and 1.86) g/L, respectively, than non-traditional oils with glucose and glycerol as substrates. Neem oil gave a lower yield of MEL (1.54 g/L) as well as cell growth (6.06 g/L) compared to jatropha oil and karanja oil (7.03 and 6.17) g/L, respectively. Crude MEL from the fermentation broth was detected by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), Fourier transform infrared spectrommetry (FT-IR), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR). Purified MEL has been used as an antimicrobial agent in cosmetic products associated with gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash P. Bhangale
- Department of Oils, Oleochemicals and Surfactants Technology , Institute of Chemical Technology (University under Section 3 of UGC Act 1956; Formerly UDCT/ UICT) , Nathalal Parekh Marg , Matunga (East) , Mumbai 400 019 , India
| | - Sushant D. Wadekar
- Department of Oils, Oleochemicals and Surfactants Technology , Institute of Chemical Technology (University under Section 3 of UGC Act 1956; Formerly UDCT/ UICT) , Nathalal Parekh Marg , Matunga (East) , Mumbai 400 019 , India
| | - Sandeep B. Kale
- Department of Chemical Engineering , DBT–ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology (University under Section 3 of UGC Act 1956; Formerly UDCT/ UICT) , Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga (East) , Mumbai 400 019 , India
| | - Suraj N. Mali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology , Institute of Chemical Technology , Mumbai , India
| | - Amit P. Pratap
- Department of Oils, Oleochemicals and Surfactants Technology , Institute of Chemical Technology (University under Section 3 of UGC Act 1956; Formerly UDCT/ UICT) , Nathalal Parekh Marg , Matunga (East) , Mumbai 400 019 , India
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Ramdass AC, Rampersad SN. Detection and diversity of the mannosylerythritol lipid (MEL) gene cluster and lipase A and B genes of Moesziomyces antarcticus isolated from terrestrial sites chronically contaminated with crude oil in Trinidad. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:43. [PMID: 35120442 PMCID: PMC8815271 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02419-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs) belong to the class of glycolipid biosurfactants and are produced by members of the Ustilago and Moesziomyces genera. Production of MELs is regulated by a biosynthetic gene cluster (MEL BGC). Extracellular lipase activity is also associated with MEL production. Most microbial glycolipid-producers are isolated from oil-contaminated environments. MEL-producing yeast that are capable of metabolizing crude oil are understudied, and there is very limited data on indigenous strains from tropical climates. Analysis of the MEL BGC and lipase genes in Trinidad M. antarcticus strains, using a gene-targeted approach, revealed a correlation between their intrinsic capability to degrade crude oil and their adaptation to survive in a chronically polluted terrestrial environment. RESULTS M. antarcticus was isolated from naturally-occurring crude oil seeps and an asphaltic mud volcano in Trinidad; these are habitats that have not been previously reported for this species. Genus identification was confirmed by the large-subunit (LSU) and the small-subunit (SSU) sequence comparisons and species identification was confirmed by ITS sequence comparisons and phylogenetic inference. The essential genes (Emt1, Mac1, Mac2, Mmf1) of the MEL BGC were detected with gene-specific primers. Emt1p, Mac1p and Mmf1p sequence analyses confirmed that the Trinidad strains harboured novel synonymous amino acid (aa) substitutions and structural comparisons revealed different regions of disorder, specifically for the Emt1p sequence. Functionality of each protein sequence was confirmed through motif mining and mutation prediction. Phylogenetic relatedness was inferred for Emt1p, Mac1p and Mmf1p sequences. The Trinidad strains clustered with other M. antarcticus sequences, however, the representative Trinidad M. antarcticus sequences consistently formed a separate, highly supported branch for each protein. Similar phylogenetic placement was indicated for LipA and LipB nucleotide and protein sequences. The Trinidad strains also demonstrated lipolytic activity in culture, with an ability to utilize different carbon sources. Comparative evolution of MEL BGC and LipA gene suggested early and late duplication events, depending on the gene, followed by a number of speciation events within Ustilaginaceae. M. antarcticus and M. aphidis were separated from all other members of Ustilaginaceae and two gene homologues were detected, one for each species. CONCLUSIONS Sequence analyses was based on a novel gene-targeted approach to analyze the essential genes of the MEL BGC and LipA and LipB genes of M. antarcticus strains from Trinidad. The findings indicated that these strains accumulated nucleotide mutations to a threshold level that did not affect the function of specific proteins encoded by the MEL BGC and LipA and LipB genes. The biosurfactant and lipase enzymes secreted by these Trinidad M. antarcticus strains facilitated their survival in oil-contaminated terrestrial environments. These findings suggest that the Trinidad strains should be explored as promising candidates for the commercial production of MEL biosurfactants and lipase enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C. Ramdass
- Biochemistry Research Laboratory (Rm216), Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, West Indies Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Sephra N. Rampersad
- Biochemistry Research Laboratory (Rm216), Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, West Indies Trinidad and Tobago
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12
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Sałek K, Euston SR, Janek T. Phase Behaviour, Functionality, and Physicochemical Characteristics of Glycolipid Surfactants of Microbial Origin. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:816613. [PMID: 35155390 PMCID: PMC8830654 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.816613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing demand for biosurfactants as environmentally friendly counterparts of chemically derived surfactants enhances the extensive search for surface-active compounds of biological (microbial) origin. The understanding of the physicochemical properties of biosurfactants such as surface tension reduction, dispersion, emulsifying, foaming or micelle formation is essential for the successful application of biosurfactants in many branches of industry. Glycolipids, which belong to the class of low molecular weight surfactants are currently gaining a lot of interest for industrial applications. For this reason, we focus mainly on this class of biosurfactants with particular emphasis on rhamnolipids and sophorolipids, the most studied of the glycolipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Sałek
- Institute for Life and Earth Sciences, School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Karina Sałek,
| | - Stephen R. Euston
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Tomasz Janek
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
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13
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Kitamoto D, Fukuoka T, Saika A, Morita T. Glycolipid Biosurfactants, Mannosylerythritol Lipids: Distinctive Interfacial Properties and Applications in Cosmetic and Personal Care Products. J Oleo Sci 2022; 71:1-13. [PMID: 35013030 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess21358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biosurfactants produced by a variety of microorganisms show attractive properties (e.g., higher surface activity and biodegradability, lower toxicity, and environmental compatibility) compared to chemically synthesized counterparts. The numerous advantages of biosurfactants have prompted their application to not only the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries, but agriculture and environmental protection disciplines as well. Among different types of biosurfactants, glycolipids are the most practically useful, due to their high product titers from renewable resources and versatile interfacial and biochemical properties. Mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs) are characteristic glycolipid biosurfactants that are produced by different yeast strains of the genus Pseudozyma. MELs exhibit different lyotropic liquid crystalline phases, such as sponge (L3), reverse bicontinuous cubic (V2), or lamellar (Lα) phases; and they have high levels of surface activity at very low concentrations. MELs also show excellent moisturizing effects on human skin and hair, with comparable performance to natural ceramides. Today, MELs are commercially produced by a Japanese company and their use is rapidly expanding around the world. In this review, we will briefly describe the current R&D status of glycolipid biosurfactants, with a focus on the interfacial properties of MELs and their applications in cosmetic and personal care products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Kitamoto
- AIST-Chugoku, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
| | - Tokuma Fukuoka
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
| | - Azusa Saika
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
| | - Tomotake Morita
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
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Overview on Glycosylated Lipids Produced by Bacteria and Fungi: Rhamno-, Sophoro-, Mannosylerythritol and Cellobiose Lipids. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 181:73-122. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2021_200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Beck A, Haitz F, Thier I, Siems K, Jakupovic S, Rupp S, Zibek S. Novel mannosylerythritol lipid biosurfactant structures from castor oil revealed by advanced structure analysis. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 48:6330458. [PMID: 34323925 PMCID: PMC8788835 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuab042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Mannosylerythritol lipids (MEL) are glycolipid biosurfactants that are produced by fungi of the Ustilaginaceae family in the presence of hydrophobic carbon sources like plant oils. In the present study, we investigated the structural composition of mannosylerythritol lipids produced from castor oil using seven different microorganisms and compared them to the structures resulting from other plant oils. Castor oil is an industrially relevant plant oil that is used neither for human consumption nor as a feedstock for animal feed and is therefore presenting an interesting alternative to currently employed edible plant oils like rapeseed or soybean oil. The main fatty acid in castor oil is the mono-hydroxylated ricinoleic acid, providing the possibility to produce novel MEL structures with interesting features. Analysis of the produced MELs from castor oil by different chromatographic and mass spectrometry techniques revealed that all seven microorganisms were generally able to integrate hydroxylated fatty acids into the MEL molecule, although at varying degrees. These novel MELs containing a hydroxy fatty acid (4-O-(2'-O-alka(e)noyl-3'-O-hydroxyalka(e)noyl-4'/6'-O-acetyl-β-D-mannopyranosyl)-erythritol) were more hydrophilic than conventional MEL and therefore showed a different elution behavior in chromatography. Large shares of novel hydroxy MELs in the mixture (around 50 % of total MELs) were found for the two MEL-B/C producing species Ustilago siamensis and Ustilago shanxiensis, but also for the MEL-A/B/C producer Moesziomyces aphidis (around 25 %). In addition, tri-acylated hydroxylated MELs with a third long-chain fatty acid esterified to the free hydroxyl group of the hydroxy fatty acid were identified for some species. Overall, the production of MEL from castor oil with the investigated organisms provided a complex mixture of various novel MEL structures that can be exploited for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Beck
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVP, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Fabian Haitz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Steffen Rupp
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVP, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Susanne Zibek
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVP, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart, Germany
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16
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Johnson P, Trybala A, Starov V, Pinfield VJ. Effect of synthetic surfactants on the environment and the potential for substitution by biosurfactants. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 288:102340. [PMID: 33383470 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The environmental impacts of the use of synthetic surfactants are discussed in this work such as their high levels of toxicity and low biodegradability. These materials destroy aquatic microbial populations, damage fish and other aquatic life, and reduce photochemical energy conversion efficiency of plants as well as adversely affecting waste-water treatment processes. With global usage of surfactants being over 15 million tonnes annually, and an estimated 60% of surfactant ending up in the aquatic environment, there is an urgent need for alternatives with lower adverse environmental effects; this review explores biosurfactants as potential alternatives. The sources and natural function of biosurfactants are presented, together with their advantages compared with their synthetic counterparts, including their low toxicity and biodegradability. Their comparable effectiveness as surfactants has been demonstrated by surface tension reduction, achieved at much lower critical micelle concentrations that those of synthetic surfactants. The limitations and challenges for the use of biosurfactants are discussed, particularly low production yields; such limitations must be addressed before wide range industrial use of biosurfactants can be achieved. Although there has been focus on achieving greater production yields, a remaining issue is the lack of research into the use of biosurfactants in a greater range of industrial and consumer applications to demonstrate their efficacy and identify candidate biosurfactants for production. This review highlights such research as deserving of further investigation, alongside the ongoing work to optimize the production process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Johnson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Anna Trybala
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.
| | - Victor Starov
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Valerie J Pinfield
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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Beck A, Zibek S. Growth Behavior of Selected Ustilaginaceae Fungi Used for Mannosylerythritol Lipid (MEL) Biosurfactant Production - Evaluation of a Defined Culture Medium. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:555280. [PMID: 33195120 PMCID: PMC7609910 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.555280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi of the Ustilaginaceae family are a promising source for many biotechnologically relevant products. Among these, mannosylerythritol lipid (MEL) biosurfactants have drawn a special interested over the last decades due to their manifold application possibilities. Nevertheless, there is still a knowledge gap regarding process engineering of MEL production. As an example, no reports on the use of a chemically defined culture medium have been published yet, although such a defined medium might be beneficial for scaling-up the production process toward industrial scale. Our aim therefore was to find a mineral medium that allows fast biomass growth and does not negatively affect the successive MEL production from plant oils. The results showed comparable growth performance between the newly evaluated mineral medium and the established yeast extract medium for all seven investigated Ustilaginaceae species. Final biomass concentrations and specific growth rates of 0.16-0.25 h–1 were similar for the two media. Oxygen demand was generally higher in the mineral medium than in the yeast extract medium. It was shown that high concentrations of vitamins and trace elements were necessary to support the growth. Increasing starting concentrations of the media by a factor of 10 resulted in proportionally increasing final biomass concentrations and up to 2.3-times higher maximum growth rates for all species. However, it could also lead to oxygen limitation and stagnant growth rates when too high medium concentrations were used, which was observed for Ustilago siamensis and Moesziomyces aphidis. Successive MEL production from rapeseed oil was effectively shown for 4 out of 7 organisms when the mineral medium was used for cell growth, and it was even enhanced for two organisms, M. aphidis and Pseudozyma hubeiensis pro tem., as compared to the established yeast extract medium. Conversion of rapeseed oil into MEL was generally improved when higher biomass concentrations were achieved during the initial growth phase, indicating a positive relationship between biomass concentration and MEL production. Overall, this is the first report on the use of a chemically defined mineral medium for the cell growth of Ustilaginaceae fungi and successive MEL production from rapeseed oil, as an alternative to the commonly employed yeast extract medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Beck
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVP, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Susanne Zibek
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVP, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart, Germany
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18
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Thakur S, Singh A, Sharma R, Aurora R, Jain SK. Biosurfactants as a Novel Additive in Pharmaceutical Formulations: Current Trends and Future Implications. Curr Drug Metab 2020; 21:885-901. [PMID: 33032505 DOI: 10.2174/1389200221666201008143238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surfactants are an important category of additives that are used widely in most of the formulations as solubilizers, stabilizers, and emulsifiers. Current drug delivery systems comprise of numerous synthetic surfactants (such as Cremophor EL, polysorbate 80, Transcutol-P), which are associated with several side effects though used in many formulations. Therefore, to attenuate the problems associated with conventional surfactants, a new generation of surface-active agents is obtained from the metabolites of fungi, yeast, and bacteria, which are termed as biosurfactants. OBJECTIVES In this article, we critically analyze the different types of biosurfactants, their origin along with their chemical and physical properties, advantages, drawbacks, regulatory status, and detailed pharmaceutical applications. METHODS 243 papers were reviewed and included in this review. RESULTS Briefly, Biosurfactants are classified as glycolipids, rhamnolipids, sophorolipids, trehalolipids, surfactin, lipopeptides & lipoproteins, lichenysin, fatty acids, phospholipids, and polymeric biosurfactants. These are amphiphilic biomolecules with lipophilic and hydrophilic ends and are used as drug delivery vehicles (foaming, solubilizer, detergent, and emulsifier) in the pharmaceutical industry. Despite additives, they have some biological activity as well (anti-cancer, anti-viral, anti-microbial, P-gp inhibition, etc.). These biomolecules possess better safety profiles and are biocompatible, biodegradable, and specific at different temperatures. CONCLUSION Biosurfactants exhibit good biomedicine and additive properties that can be used in developing novel drug delivery systems. However, more research should be driven due to the lack of comprehensive toxicity testing and high production cost which limits their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Thakur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| | - Amrinder Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| | - Ritika Sharma
- Sri Sai College of Pharmacy, Badhani, Pathankot, 145001, India
| | - Rohan Aurora
- The International School Bangalore, Karnataka, 562125, India
| | - Subheet Kumar Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
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19
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Leu JY, Yee J, Tu CS, Sayson S, Jou YS, Geraldino PJ. Microstructure and molecular vibration of mannosylerythritol lipids from Pseudozyma yeast strains. Chem Phys Lipids 2020; 232:104969. [PMID: 32888916 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2020.104969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This work highlights microstructure and molecular vibration of mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs) from Pseudozyma aphidis B1 and Pseudozyma hubeiensis TS18 strains collected from brown algae and mangrove sediments. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows the elongated structures with polar budding in the cells of B1 and TS18 yeast strains. The high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) identifies large lipid bodies that contain MELs confirmed by the anthrone test and thin layer chromatography. The HRTEM also reveals unknown electron dense inclusions. The surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) was used to analysis molecular vibrations of cells, MEL mixtures, and purified MELs (A, B, and C) extracted from the B1 and TS18 cells. The peak analysis of Raman spectra suggests a higher level of saturation per fatty acid chain in MEL-B in both B1 and TS18 cells. This work demonstrates that the out-of-plane bending vibrations of the CH bonds in the range of 840-940 cm-1 can serve an efficient indicator for detecting MEL-A, -B, and -C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyh-Yih Leu
- Department of Life Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan
| | - Jonie Yee
- Department of Biology, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, 6000, Philippines
| | - Chi-Shun Tu
- Department of Physics, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan
| | - Stephanie Sayson
- Department of Life Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shin Jou
- Department of Physics, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan
| | - Paul John Geraldino
- Department of Biology, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, 6000, Philippines.
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20
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Akkermans V, Verstraete R, Braem C, D'aes J, Dries J. Mannosylerythritol Lipid Production from Oleaginous Yeast Cell Lysate byMoesziomyces aphidis. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2020. [DOI: 10.1089/ind.2019.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Veerle Akkermans
- Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Ruben Verstraete
- Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Caroline Braem
- Department of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Karel de Grote University College, Hoboken, Belgium
| | - Jolien D'aes
- Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Jan Dries
- Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
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21
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Saika A, Fukuoka T, Mikome S, Kondo Y, Habe H, Morita T. Screening and isolation of the liamocin-producing yeast Aureobasidium melanogenum using xylose as the sole carbon source. J Biosci Bioeng 2019; 129:428-434. [PMID: 31732259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2019.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Xylose, the main component of xylan, is the second most abundant sugar in nature after glucose. Consequently, xylose represents an attractive feedstock for the production of value-added compounds such as biosurfactants (BSs), which are produced by various bacteria and yeasts. In this study, we screened and isolated yeast strains that synthesize BSs using xylose as the sole carbon source. We applied matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) to screen for BS-producing yeasts and isolated eight strains as the liamocin producers. Two of the eight strains, AS37 and SK25, were identified as Aureobasidium melanogenum, which is known as black yeasts, by based on 26S ribosomal RNA gene sequences. Both strains produced a wide variety of liamocin structures from not only xylose but also glucose and sucrose. According to the MALDI-TOF MS analysis, signals corresponding to sodium ion adducts of di-, tri-, tetra-, penta- and hexa-acylated C6-liamocins and di-, tri- and tetra-acylated C5-liamocins were detected. In addition, their mono-acetylated form was also detected. The dominant sugar component of liamocins produced by strains AS37 and SK25 is mannitol as estimated by HPLC analysis. This is the first report to describe the screening of liamocins-producing yeasts using xylose as the sole carbon source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Saika
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5-2, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Tokuma Fukuoka
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5-2, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Mikome
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Yukishige Kondo
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Habe
- Environmental Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan
| | - Tomotake Morita
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5-2, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
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22
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Influences of mannosylerythritol lipid-A on the self-assembling structure formation and functional properties of heat-induced β-lactoglobulin aggregates. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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23
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Tesche S, Rösemeier-Scheumann R, Lohr J, Hanke R, Büchs J, Krull R. Salt-enhanced cultivation as a morphology engineering tool for filamentous actinomycetes: Increased production of labyrinthopeptin A1 in Actinomadura namibiensis. Eng Life Sci 2019; 19:781-794. [PMID: 32624971 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201900036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Salt-enhanced cultivation as a morphology engineering tool for the filamentous actinomycete Actinomadura namibiensis was evaluated in 500-mL shaking flasks (working volume 100 mL) with the aim of increasing the concentration of the pharmaceutically interesting peptide labyrinthopeptin A1. Among the inorganic salts added to a complex production medium, the addition of (NH4)2SO4 led to the highest amount of labyrinthopeptin A1 production. By using 50 mM (NH4)2SO4, the labyrinthopeptin A1 concentration increased up to sevenfold compared to the non-supplemented control, resulting in 325 mg L-1 labyrinthopeptin A1 after 10 days of cultivation. The performance of other ammonium- and sulfate-containing salts (e.g., NH4Cl, K2SO4) was much lower than the performance of (NH4)2SO4. A positive correlation between the uptake of glycerol as one of the main carbon sources and nongrowth-associated labyrinthopeptin productivity was found. The change in the cell morphology of A. namibiensis in conjunction with increased osmolality by the addition of 50 mM (NH4)2SO4, was quantified by image analysis. A. namibiensis always developed a heterogeneous morphology with pellets and loose mycelia present simultaneously. In contrast to the non-supplemented control, the morphology of (NH4)2SO4-supplemented cultures was characterized by smaller and circular pellets that were more stable against disintegration in the stationary production phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Tesche
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany.,Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ) Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany
| | - René Rösemeier-Scheumann
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany.,Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ) Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany
| | - Jonas Lohr
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany.,Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ) Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany
| | - René Hanke
- AVT - Chair of Biochemical Engineering RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
| | - Jochen Büchs
- AVT - Chair of Biochemical Engineering RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
| | - Rainer Krull
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany.,Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ) Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany
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24
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Shen L, Zhu J, Lu J, Gong Q, Jin M, Long X. Isolation and purification of biosurfactant mannosylerythritol lipids from fermentation broth with methanol/water/n-hexane. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Influence of microorganism and plant oils on the structure of mannosylerythritol lipid (MEL) biosurfactants revealed by a novel thin layer chromatography mass spectrometry method. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 46:1191-1204. [PMID: 31175524 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-019-02194-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Mannosylerythritol lipids (MEL) are microbial glycolipid biosurfactants with great potential for application in cosmetics and household detergents. In current biotechnological processes, they are produced by basidiomycetous fungi, the Ustilaginaceae, as a complex mixture of different chemical structures. It was the aim of this paper to study the influence of producer organisms and substrates on the resulting MEL structures with a novel high-resolution HPTLC-MALDI-TOF method. Given the seven different microbes and four plant oils, our analysis revealed that the product concentrations varied strongly between organisms, while they were similar for the different substrates. Coconut oil presented an exception, since only one organism was able to synthesize MEL from this substrate in considerable yields. Analysis by GC-FID further showed that the chain length pattern of hydrophobic fatty acid side-chains was very specific for individual organisms, while substrates had only a minor influence on the chain length. Our novel HPTLC-MALDI-TOF combination method finally demonstrated the presence of multiple MEL sub-variants with differing acetylation and fatty acid chain lengths. It also revealed the production of a more hydrophilic biosurfactant mannosylmannitol lipid (MML) as a side-product in certain fungi. Overall, it was concluded that the pattern of produced biosurfactant structures are mainly governed by producer organisms rather than substrates.
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Deinzer HT, Linne U, Xie X, Bölker M, Sandrock B. Elucidation of substrate specificities of decorating enzymes involved in mannosylerythritol lipid production by cross-species complementation. Fungal Genet Biol 2019; 130:91-97. [PMID: 31103599 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs) are surface active molecules produced by many basidiomycetous fungi. MELs consist of a mannosylerythritol disaccharide, which is acylated with short and medium chain fatty acids at the mannosyl moiety. A gene cluster composed of five genes is required for MEL biosynthesis. Here we show that the plant pathogenic fungus Ustilago hordei secretes these glycolipids under nitrogen starvation conditions. In contrast to MELs produced by the closely related fungus Ustilago maydis those secreted by U. hordei are mostly mono-acetylated and contain a different mixture of acyl groups. Cross-species complementation between these fungi revealed that these differences result from different catalytic activities of the acetyltransferase Mat1 and the acyltransferases Mac1 and Mac2. U. maydis mat1 mutants expressing the homologous mat1 gene from U. hordei produced mostly mono-acetylated variants and lack di-acetylated MELs normally produced by U. maydis. Furthermore, we determined that the acyltransferase Mac1 acylates the mannosylerythritol moiety at position C2 while Mac2 acylates C3. The identification of decorating enzymes with different substrate specificities will allow the tailor-made production of novel subsets of MELs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Tobias Deinzer
- Department of Biology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Linne
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 2, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Xiulan Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 2, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael Bölker
- Department of Biology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Björn Sandrock
- Department of Biology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
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Niu Y, Wu J, Wang W, Chen Q. Production and characterization of a new glycolipid, mannosylerythritol lipid, from waste cooking oil biotransformation by Pseudozyma aphidis ZJUDM34. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:937-948. [PMID: 30918636 PMCID: PMC6418456 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs) are glycolipids possessing unique biosurfactant properties. However, the prices of substrates currently used for MEL formation caused its unsustainable commercial development. Waste cooking oil poses significant ecological and economical problems. Thus, the production of MELs from used waste cooking oil using the biotransformation route is one of the better alternatives to utilize it efficiently and economically. This work aims at the production of MELs using waste cooking oil instead of soybean oil and evaluating the major characteristics and compositions of MELs. The titers reached 61.50 g/L by the optimization of culture medium, higher than the counterpart (10.25 ± 0.32 g/L) of the nonoptimized medium. MELs exhibited good surface activity and better performance in contrast to MELs grown on soybean oil. The water phase behavior of MEL-A was also evaluated. The process showed higher productivity of MELs with better surface activity and application stability than the conventional process using soybean oil. The findings of this study imply that the use of inexpensive fermentation substrates associated with straightforward downstream processing is expected to have a great impact on the economy of MEL production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwu Niu
- Department of Food Science and NutritionZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jianan Wu
- Department of Food Science and NutritionZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Quality and Standard for Agriculture ProductsZhejiang Academy of Agriculture SciencesHangzhouChina
| | - Qihe Chen
- Department of Food Science and NutritionZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
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Identification of the gene PtMAT1 encoding acetyltransferase from the diastereomer type of mannosylerythritol lipid-B producer Pseudozyma tsukubaensis. J Biosci Bioeng 2018; 126:676-681. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2018.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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29
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Tanaka E, Koitabashi M, Kitamoto H. A teleomorph of the ustilaginalean yeast Moesziomyces antarcticus on barnyardgrass in Japan provides bioresources that degrade biodegradable plastics. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2018; 112:599-614. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-018-1190-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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On the road towards tailor-made rhamnolipids: current state and perspectives. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:8175-8185. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9240-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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31
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Alizadeh-Sani M, Hamishehkar H, Khezerlou A, Azizi-Lalabadi M, Azadi Y, Nattagh-Eshtivani E, Fasihi M, Ghavami A, Aynehchi A, Ehsani A. Bioemulsifiers Derived from Microorganisms: Applications in the Drug and Food Industry. Adv Pharm Bull 2018; 8:191-199. [PMID: 30023320 PMCID: PMC6046428 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2018.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Emulsifiers are a large category of compounds considered as surface active agents or surfactants. An emulsifier acts by reducing the speed of chemical reactions, and enhancing its stability. Bioemulsifiers are known as surface active biomolecule materials, due to their unique features over chemical surfactants, such as non-toxicity, biodegradability, foaming, biocompatibility, efficiency at low concentrations, high selectivity in different pH, temperatures and salinities. Emulsifiers are found in various natural resources and are synthesized by Bacteria, Fungi and Yeast. Bioemulsifier’s molecular weight is higher than that of biosurfactants. Emulsion’s function is closely related to their chemical structure. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to study the various bioemulsifiers derived from microorganisms used in the drug and food industry. In this manuscript, we studied organisms with biosurfactant producing abilities. These inexpensive substrates could be used in environmental remediation and in the petroleum industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Alizadeh-Sani
- Student Research Committee, Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Hamishehkar
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Arezou Khezerlou
- Student Research Committee, Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Azizi-Lalabadi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yaghob Azadi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elyas Nattagh-Eshtivani
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Fasihi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abed Ghavami
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aydin Aynehchi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Ehsani
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Alimadadi N, Soudi MR, Talebpour Z. Efficient production of tri-acetylated mono-acylated mannosylerythritol lipids by Sporisorium sp. aff. sorghi SAM20. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 124:457-468. [PMID: 29154479 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to isolate a novel yeast strain, evaluate biosurfactant production by the strain and characterize the major product. METHODS AND RESULTS The strain SAM20, isolated from grass, identified as Sporisorium sp. aff. sorghi based on phylogenetic analyses. The strain produced approximately 32 g l-1 glycolipid biosurfactants from 40 g l-1 soybean oil after 7 days at 28°C. The glycolipids showed a unique pattern of mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs) on thin layer chromatography plate compared to those hitherto reported. Structural characterization of the major product, called GL-A, revealed that it was mainly tri-acetylated mono-acylated MELs (MEL-A2) with C14:0, C16:0, C12:0 or C14:1 as the hydrophobic chain. The critical micelle concentration (CMC), the surface tension at CMC and hydrophilic-lipophilic balance value for GL-A were estimated to be 20 mg l-1 , 30·0 mN m-1 and 8·7, respectively. CONCLUSIONS A MEL-A2 with novel composition and surface activities was efficiently produced from a novel MEL producer. This is the first report on production of MEL-A2 as the major product and from soybean oil. The biosurfactant has potential application as a wetting agent and oil-in-water emulsifier. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Discovery of novel structures and novel strains is valuable for further commercial development and application of MELs. Sporisorium sp. aff. sorghi SAM20 can be considered as a potential candidate for commercial production of biosurfactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Alimadadi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - M R Soudi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Z Talebpour
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics & Chemistry, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
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Fan L, Xie P, Wang Y, Huang Z, Zhou J. Biosurfactant-Protein Interaction: Influences of Mannosylerythritol Lipids-A on β-Glucosidase. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:238-246. [PMID: 29239606 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the influences of a biosurfactant, mannosylerythritol lipids-A (MEL-A) toward β-glucosidase activity and their molecular interactions were studied by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), circular dichroism spectroscopy (CD), isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and docking simulation. The enzyme inhibition kinetics data showed that MEL-A at a low concentration (< critical micelle concentration (CMC), 20.0 ± 5.0 μM) enhanced β-glucosidase activity, whereas it inhibited the enzyme activity at higher concentrations more than 20.0 μM, followed by a decreased Vmax and Km of β-glucosidase. The thermodynamics and structural data demonstrated that the midpoint temperature (Tm) and unfolding enthalpy (ΔH) of β-glucosidase was shifted to high values (76.6 °C, 126.3 J/g) in the presence of MEL-A, and the secondary structure changes of β-glucosidase, including the increased α-helix, β-turn, or random coil contents, and a decreased β-sheet content were caused by MEL-A at a CMC concentration. The further ITC and docking simulations suggested the bindings of MEL-A toward β-glucosidase were driven by weak hydrophobic interactions happened between the amino acid residues of β-glucosidase and the fatty acid residues of MEL-A, in addition to hydrogen bonds between amino acids and hydroxyl in glycosyl residues of this biosurfactant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Fan
- Institute of Agro-product Processing , Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Pujun Xie
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF , Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Agro-product Processing , Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Zisu Huang
- Institute of Agro-product Processing , Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Jianzhong Zhou
- Institute of Agro-product Processing , Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
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Saika A, Utashima Y, Koike H, Yamamoto S, Kishimoto T, Fukuoka T, Morita T. Biosynthesis of mono-acylated mannosylerythritol lipid in an acyltransferase gene-disrupted mutant of Pseudozyma tsukubaensis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 102:1759-1767. [PMID: 29274060 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8698-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The basidiomycetous yeast genus Pseudozyma produce large amounts of mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs), which are biosurfactants. A few Pseudozyma strains produce mono-acylated MEL as a minor compound using excess glucose as the sole carbon source. Mono-acylated MEL shows higher hydrophilicity than di-acylated MEL and has great potential for aqueous applications. Recently, the gene cluster involved in the MEL biosynthesis pathway was identified in yeast. Here, we generated an acyltransferase (PtMAC2) deletion strain of P. tsukubaensis 1E5 with uracil auxotrophy as a selectable marker. A PtURA5-mutant with a frameshift mutation in PtURA5 was generated as a uracil auxotroph of strain 1E5 by ultraviolet irradiation on plate medium containing 5-fluoro-orotic acid (5-FOA). In the mutant, PtMAC2 was replaced with a PtURA5 cassette containing the 5' untranslated region (UTR) (2000 bp) and 3' UTR (2000 bp) of PtMAC2 by homologous recombination, yielding strain ΔPtMAC2. Based on TLC and NMR analysis, we found that ΔPtMAC2 accumulates MEL acylated at the C-2' position of the mannose moiety. These results indicate that PtMAC2p catalyzes acylation at the C-3' position of the mannose of MEL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Saika
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5-2, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Yu Utashima
- Toyobo Co., Ltd. Tsuruga Institute of Biotechnology, 10-24, Toyo-cho, Tsuruga, Fukui, 914-8550, Japan
| | - Hideaki Koike
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 6-9, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan
| | - Shuhei Yamamoto
- Toyobo Co., Ltd. Tsuruga Institute of Biotechnology, 10-24, Toyo-cho, Tsuruga, Fukui, 914-8550, Japan
| | - Takahide Kishimoto
- Toyobo Co., Ltd. Tsuruga Institute of Biotechnology, 10-24, Toyo-cho, Tsuruga, Fukui, 914-8550, Japan
| | - Tokuma Fukuoka
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5-2, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Tomotake Morita
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5-2, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan.
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Saika A, Koike H, Yamamoto S, Kishimoto T, Morita T. Enhanced production of a diastereomer type of mannosylerythritol lipid-B by the basidiomycetous yeast Pseudozyma tsukubaensis expressing lipase genes from Pseudozyma antarctica. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:8345-8352. [PMID: 29075829 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8589-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Basidiomycetous yeasts in the genus Pseudozyma are known to produce extracellular glycolipids called mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs). Pseudozyma tsukubaensis produces a large amount of MEL-B using olive oil as the sole carbon source (> 70 g/L production). The MEL-B produced by P. tsukubaensis is a diastereomer type of MEL-B, which consists of 4-O-β-D-mannopyranosyl-(2R,3S)-erythritol as a sugar moiety, in contrast to the conventional type of MELs produced by P. antarctica, which contain 4-O-β-D mannopyranosyl-(2S,3R)-erythritol. In this study, we attempted to increase the production of the diastereomer type of MEL-B in P. tsukubaensis 1E5 by introducing the genes encoding two lipases, PaLIPAp (PaLIPA) and PaLIPBp (PaLIPB) from P. antarctica T-34. Strain 1E5 expressing PaLIPA exhibited higher lipase activity than the strain possessing an empty vector, which was used as a negative control. Strains of 1E5 expressing PaLIPA or PaLIPB showed 1.9- and 1.6-fold higher MEL-B production than the negative control strain, respectively, and oil consumption was also accelerated by the introduction of these lipase genes. MEL-B production was estimated using time course analysis in the recombinant strains. Strain 1E5 expressing PaLIPA produced 37.0 ± 1.2 g/L of MEL-B within 4 days of cultivation, whereas the strain expressing an empty vector produced 22.1 ± 7.5 g/L in this time. Overexpression of PaLIPA increased MEL-B production by P. tsukubaensis strain 1E5 from olive oil as carbon source by more than 1.7-fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Saika
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5-2, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Hideaki Koike
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 6-9, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan
| | - Shuhei Yamamoto
- Toyobo Co., Ltd. Tsuruga Institute of Biotechnology, 10-24, Toyo-cho, Tsuruga, Fukui, 914-8550, Japan
| | - Takahide Kishimoto
- Toyobo Co., Ltd. Tsuruga Institute of Biotechnology, 10-24, Toyo-cho, Tsuruga, Fukui, 914-8550, Japan
| | - Tomotake Morita
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5-2, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan.
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Schulz S, Peram PS, Menke M, Hötling S, Röpke R, Melnik K, Poth D, Mann F, Henrichsen S, Dreyer K. Mass Spectrometry of Aliphatic Macrolides, Important Semiochemicals or Pheromones. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:2572-2582. [PMID: 28836773 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Macrolides are a relatively common structural motif prevalent in Nature. However, the structures of these large ring lactones have been relatively difficult to elucidate via NMR spectroscopy due to the minute amounts of compounds that are sometimes obtainable from natural sources. Thus, GC-MS analysis of individual macrolactones has become the method of choice for the structural identification of these compounds. Here we discuss the mass spectrometric behavior of aliphatic macrolides, evaluating spectra from numerous compounds of various ring size, including derivatives containing methyl branches as well as double bonds. The specific fragmentation of these macrolactones under electron impact conditions allows for the development of a general rule set aimed at the identification of similar compounds by mass spectrometry. In addition, the mass spectra of dimethyl disulfide adducts of unsaturated macrolides are discussed. The mass spectra of almost 50 macrolides are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schulz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig , Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Pardha Saradhi Peram
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig , Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Markus Menke
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig , Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Susann Hötling
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig , Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Rene Röpke
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig , Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kristina Melnik
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig , Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dennis Poth
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig , Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Florian Mann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig , Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Selma Henrichsen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig , Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Katja Dreyer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig , Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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Paulino BN, Pessôa MG, Mano MCR, Molina G, Neri-Numa IA, Pastore GM. Current status in biotechnological production and applications of glycolipid biosurfactants. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:10265-10293. [PMID: 27844141 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7980-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Biosurfactants are natural compounds with surface activity and emulsifying properties produced by several types of microorganisms and have been considered an interesting alternative to synthetic surfactants. Glycolipids are promising biosurfactants, due to low toxicity, biodegradability, and chemical stability in different conditions and also because they have many biological activities, allowing wide applications in different fields. In this review, we addressed general information about families of glycolipids, rhamnolipids, sophorolipids, mannosylerythritol lipids, and trehalose lipids, describing their chemical and surface characteristics, recent studies using alternative substrates, and new strategies to improve of production, beyond their specificities. We focus in providing recent developments and trends in biotechnological process and medical and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Nicolau Paulino
- Laboratory of Bioflavors and Bioactive Compounds, Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Cidade Universitária "Zeferino Vaz" Barão Geraldo - Campinas, São Paulo, CEP 13083-862, Brazil.
| | - Marina Gabriel Pessôa
- Laboratory of Bioflavors and Bioactive Compounds, Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Cidade Universitária "Zeferino Vaz" Barão Geraldo - Campinas, São Paulo, CEP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Mario Cezar Rodrigues Mano
- Laboratory of Bioflavors and Bioactive Compounds, Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Cidade Universitária "Zeferino Vaz" Barão Geraldo - Campinas, São Paulo, CEP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Molina
- Institute of Science and Technology, Food Engineering, UFVJM, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Iramaia Angélica Neri-Numa
- Laboratory of Bioflavors and Bioactive Compounds, Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Cidade Universitária "Zeferino Vaz" Barão Geraldo - Campinas, São Paulo, CEP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Maria Pastore
- Laboratory of Bioflavors and Bioactive Compounds, Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Cidade Universitária "Zeferino Vaz" Barão Geraldo - Campinas, São Paulo, CEP 13083-862, Brazil
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Enhanced separation and analysis procedure reveals production of tri-acylated mannosylerythritol lipids by Pseudozyma aphidis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 43:1537-1550. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-016-1838-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs) are one of the most promising biosurfactants because of their high fermentation yields (>100 g l−1) and during the last two decades they have gained a lot of attention due to their interesting self-assembling properties and biological activities. In this study, MELs were produced by fed-batch bioreactor fermentation of rapeseed oil with Pseudozyma aphidis MUCL 27852. This high-level MEL-producing yeast secretes four conventional MEL structures, -A, -B, -C and -D, which differ in their degree of acetylation. During our research, unknown compounds synthesized by P. aphidis were detected by thin-layer chromatography. The unknown compounds were separated by flash chromatography and identified as tri-acylated MELs by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS). The third fatty acid chain on the tri-acylated MELs was positioned on the primary alcohol of the erythritol moiety and comprised long-chain acids, mainly oleic and linoleic acid, which are not found in conventional di-acylated MELs. Furthermore, the LC–MS analysis time of conventional MELs was reduced to almost one-third by switching from HPLC–MS/MS to ultraperformance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS). Provided optimization of the fermentation yield, P. aphidis could be an interesting novel producer of tri-acylated MELs and, thereby expand the supply and applicability of biosurfactants.
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Saika A, Koike H, Fukuoka T, Yamamoto S, Kishimoto T, Morita T. A Gene Cluster for Biosynthesis of Mannosylerythritol Lipids Consisted of 4-O-β-D-Mannopyranosyl-(2R,3S)-Erythritol as the Sugar Moiety in a Basidiomycetous Yeast Pseudozyma tsukubaensis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157858. [PMID: 27327162 PMCID: PMC4915680 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs) belong to the glycolipid biosurfactants and are produced by various fungi. The basidiomycetous yeast Pseudozyma tsukubaensis produces diastereomer type of MEL-B, which contains 4-O-β-D-mannopyranosyl-(2R,3S)-erythritol (R-form) as the sugar moiety. In this respect it differs from conventional type of MELs, which contain 4-O-β-D-mannopyranosyl-(2S,3R)-erythritol (S-form) as the sugar moiety. While the biosynthetic gene cluster for conventional type of MELs has been previously identified in Ustilago maydis and Pseudozyma antarctica, the genetic basis for MEL biosynthesis in P. tsukubaensis is unknown. Here, we identified a gene cluster involved in MEL biosynthesis in P. tsukubaensis. Among these genes, PtEMT1, which encodes erythritol/mannose transferase, had greater than 69% identity with homologs from strains in the genera Ustilago, Melanopsichium, Sporisorium and Pseudozyma. However, phylogenetic analysis placed PtEMT1p in a separate clade from the other proteins. To investigate the function of PtEMT1, we introduced the gene into a P. antarctica mutant strain, ΔPaEMT1, which lacks MEL biosynthesis ability owing to the deletion of PaEMT1. Using NMR spectroscopy, we identified the biosynthetic product as MEL-A with altered sugar conformation. These results indicate that PtEMT1p catalyzes the sugar conformation of MELs. This is the first report of a gene cluster for the biosynthesis of diastereomer type of MEL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Saika
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hideaki Koike
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tokuma Fukuoka
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shuhei Yamamoto
- Toyobo Co., Ltd., Tsuruga Institute of Biotechnology, Tsuruga, Fukui, Japan
| | - Takahide Kishimoto
- Toyobo Co., Ltd., Tsuruga Institute of Biotechnology, Tsuruga, Fukui, Japan
| | - Tomotake Morita
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Fan L, Li H, Niu Y, Chen Q. Characterization and Inducing Melanoma Cell Apoptosis Activity of Mannosylerythritol Lipids-A Produced from Pseudozyma aphidis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148198. [PMID: 26828792 PMCID: PMC4734834 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs) are natural glycolipid biosurfactants which have potential applications in the fields of food, cosmetic and medicine. In this study, MELs were produced from vegetable oil by Pseudozyma aphidis. Their structural data through LC/MS, GC/MS and NMR analysis revealed that MEL-A with two acetyls was the major compound and the identified homologs of MEL-A contained a length of C8 to C14 fatty acid chains. This glycolipid exhibited a surface tension of 27.69 mN/m at a critical micelle concentration (CMC), self-assembling into particles in the water solution. It was observed to induce cell growth-inhibition and apoptosis of B16 melanoma cells in a dose-dependent manner, as well as cause cell cycle arrest at the S phase. Further quantitative RT-PCR analysis and western blotting revealed an increasing tendency of both mRNA and protein expressions of Caspase-12, CHOP, GRP78 and Caspase-3, and a down-regulation of protein Bcl-2. Combined with the up regulation of signaling IRE1 and ATF6, it can be speculated that MEL-A-induced B16 melanoma cell apoptosis was associated with the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Fan
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Hongji Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Yongwu Niu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Qihe Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
- Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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Selective formation of mannosyl-l-arabitol lipid by Pseudozyma tsukubaensis JCM16987. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:5833-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6575-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Faria NT, Marques S, Fonseca C, Ferreira FC. Direct xylan conversion into glycolipid biosurfactants, mannosylerythritol lipids, by Pseudozyma antarctica PYCC 5048T. Enzyme Microb Technol 2015; 71:58-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Morita T, Fukuoka T, Imura T, Kitamoto D. Mannosylerythritol lipids: production and applications. J Oleo Sci 2015; 64:133-41. [PMID: 25748373 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess14185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs) are a glycolipid class of biosurfactants produced by a variety yeast and fungal strains that exhibit excellent interfacial and biochemical properties. MEL-producing fungi were identified using an efficient screening method for the glycolipid production and taxonomical classification on the basis of ribosomal RNA sequences. MEL production is limited primarily to the genus Pseudozyma, with significant variability among the MEL structures produced by each species. Outside of Pseudozyma, one recently isolated strain, Ustilago scitaminea, has been shown to exhibit abundant MEL-B production from sugarcane juice. Structural analyses of these compounds suggest a role for MELs in numerous cosmetic applications. MELs act as effective topical moisturizers and can repair damaged hair. Furthermore, these compounds have been shown to exhibit both protective and healing activities, to activate fibroblasts and papilla cells, and to act as natural antioxidants. In this review, we provide a brief summary of MEL research over the past few decades, focusing on the identification of MEL-producing fungi, the structural characterization of MELs, the use of alternative compounds as a primary carbon source, and the use of these compounds in cosmetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomotake Morita
- Research Institute for Innovation in Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
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Yu M, Liu Z, Zeng G, Zhong H, Liu Y, Jiang Y, Li M, He X, He Y. Characteristics of mannosylerythritol lipids and their environmental potential. Carbohydr Res 2015; 407:63-72. [PMID: 25723622 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs) are promising biosurfactants containing two glycosyl derivatives and various fatty acids, which are mainly secreted by Pseudozyma as well as Ustilago. In this review, the latest research is demonstrated on production conditions, structural diversity, self-assembling properties and versatile biochemical functions of MELs. The genetic study and synthetic pathways, which mainly influence the type and yield of MELs production. Due to the excellent surface activity, biocompatibility and restorative function, MELs can be used in enviornmental industry, which has not been widely noted. In this paper, the current status of research on enviornmental potential of MELs has been discussed including petroleum degradation, bioconversion of chemical wastes and enhanced bioremediation of amphiphilic wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingda Yu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Zhifeng Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Hua Zhong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yongbing Jiang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Min Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao He
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yan He
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
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Faria NT, Santos M, Ferreira C, Marques S, Ferreira FC, Fonseca C. Conversion of cellulosic materials into glycolipid biosurfactants, mannosylerythritol lipids, by Pseudozyma spp. under SHF and SSF processes. Microb Cell Fact 2014; 13:155. [PMID: 25366184 PMCID: PMC4226859 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-014-0155-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mannosylerythritol lipids (MEL) are glycolipids with unique biosurfactant properties and are produced by Pseudozyma spp. from different substrates, preferably vegetable oils, but also sugars, glycerol or hydrocarbons. However, solvent intensive downstream processing and the relatively high prices of raw materials currently used for MEL production are drawbacks in its sustainable commercial deployment. The present work aims to demonstrate MEL production from cellulosic materials and investigate the requirements and consequences of combining commercial cellulolytic enzymes and Pseudozyma spp. under separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) processes. Results MEL was produced from cellulosic substrates, Avicel® as reference (>99% cellulose) and hydrothermally pretreated wheat straw, using commercial cellulolytic enzymes (Celluclast 1.5 L® and Novozyme 188®) and Pseudozyma antarctica PYCC 5048T or Pseudozyma aphidis PYCC 5535T. The strategies included SHF, SSF and fed-batch SSF with pre-hydrolysis. While SSF was isothermal at 28°C, in SHF and fed-batch SSF, yeast fermentation was preceded by an enzymatic (pre-)hydrolysis step at 50°C for 48 h. Pseudozyma antarctica showed the highest MEL yields from both cellulosic substrates, reaching titres of 4.0 and 1.4 g/l by SHF of Avicel® and wheat straw (40 g/l glucan), respectively, using enzymes at low dosage (3.6 and 8.5 FPU/gglucan at 28°C and 50°C, respectively) with prior dialysis. Higher MEL titres were obtained by fed-batch SSF with pre-hydrolysis, reaching 4.5 and 2.5 g/l from Avicel® and wheat straw (80 g/l glucan), respectively. Conclusions This work reports for the first time MEL production from cellulosic materials. The process was successfully performed through SHF, SSF or Fed-batch SSF, requiring, for maximal performance, dialysed commercial cellulolytic enzymes. The use of inexpensive lignocellulosic substrates associated to straightforward downstream processing from sugary broths is expected to have a great impact in the economy of MEL production for the biosurfactant market, inasmuch as low enzyme dosage is sufficient for good systems performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Torres Faria
- Department of Bioengineering and IBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal. .,MIT-Portugal Program, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, E40-221, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA. .,Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia, I.P, Unidade de Bioenergia, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar 22, 1649-038, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Marisa Santos
- Department of Bioengineering and IBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal. .,MIT-Portugal Program, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, E40-221, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Carla Ferreira
- Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia, I.P, Unidade de Bioenergia, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar 22, 1649-038, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Susana Marques
- Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia, I.P, Unidade de Bioenergia, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar 22, 1649-038, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Frederico Castelo Ferreira
- Department of Bioengineering and IBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - César Fonseca
- Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia, I.P, Unidade de Bioenergia, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar 22, 1649-038, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Production of glycolipid biosurfactants, mannosylerythritol lipids, from pentoses and d-glucose/d-xylose mixtures by Pseudozyma yeast strains. Process Biochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Production of Glycolipid Biosurfactants, Mannosylerythritol Lipids, by a Smut Fungus,Ustilago scitamineaNBRC 32730. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 73:788-92. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.80901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Isolation and Screening of Glycolipid Biosurfactant Producers from Sugarcane. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 76:1788-91. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.120251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Fan LL, Dong YC, Fan YF, Zhang J, Chen QH. Production and identification of mannosylerythritol lipid-A homologs from the ustilaginomycetous yeast Pseudozyma aphidis ZJUDM34. Carbohydr Res 2014; 392:1-6. [PMID: 24814655 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs) are mainly produced by strains of the genus Pseudozyma and by Ustilago maydis. These glycolipid biosurfactants exhibit not only excellent surface-active properties but also versatile bioactivities. Mannosylerythritol lipid-A (MEL-A) is worth investigating due to its self-assembling property. In this work, crude MELs were produced by resting Pseudozyma aphidis ZJUDM34 cells using different culture media. MEL-A fractions were isolated and identified using high-performance liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) and gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that MEL-A homologs had long unsaturated fatty acid chains, and the chain lengths range from C8 to C20. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was employed to confirm the chemical structures of the MEL-A homologs. Fermentation medium without NaNO3 and medium with manganese ions enhanced MEL-A production by Pseudozyma aphidis ZJUDM34.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Lin Fan
- School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Rd. 866, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Ya-Chen Dong
- School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Rd. 866, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yi-Fei Fan
- School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Rd. 866, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Rd. 866, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Qi-He Chen
- School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Rd. 866, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
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Mannosylerythritol lipids secreted by phyllosphere yeast Pseudozyma antarctica is associated with its filamentous growth and propagation on plant surfaces. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:6419-29. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5675-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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