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Blázquez-Pallí N, Torrentó C, Marco-Urrea E, Garriga D, González M, Bosch M. Pilot tests for the optimization of the bioremediation strategy of a multi-layered aquifer at a multi-focus site impacted with chlorinated ethenes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 935:173093. [PMID: 38768723 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
A multi-layered aquifer in an industrial area in the north of the Iberian Peninsula is severely contaminated with the chlorinated ethenes (CEs) tetrachloroethylene, trichloroethylene, cis-1,2-dichloroethylene, and vinyl chloride. Both shallow and deep aquifers are polluted, with two differentiated north and south CEs plumes. Hydrogeochemical and isotopic data (δ13C of CEs) evidenced natural attenuation of CEs. To select the optimal remediation strategy to clean-up the contamination plumes, laboratory treatability studies were performed, which confirmed the intrinsic biodegradation potential of the north and south shallow aquifers to fully dechlorinate CEs to ethene after injection of lactate, but also the combination of lactate and sulfidized mZVI as an alternative treatment for the north deep aquifer. In the lactate-amended microcosms, full dechlorination of CEs was accompanied by an increase in 16S rRNA gene copies of Dehalococcoides and Dehalogenimonas, and the tceA, vcrA and bvcA reductive dehalogenases. Three in situ pilot tests were implemented, which consisted in injections of lactate in the north and south shallow aquifers, and injections of lactate and sulfidized mZVI in the north deep aquifer. The hydrogeochemical, isotopic and molecular analyses used to monitor the pilot tests evidenced that results obtained mimicked the laboratory observations, albeit at different dechlorination rates. It is likely that the efficiency of the injections was affected by the amendment distribution. In addition, monitoring of the pilot tests in the shallow aquifers showed the release of CEs due to back diffusion from secondary sources, which limited the use of isotopic data for assessing treatment efficiency. In the pilot test that combined the injection of lactate and sulfidized mZVI, both biotic and abiotic pathways contributed to the production of ethene. This study demonstrates the usefulness of integrating different chemical, isotopic and biomolecular approaches for a more robust selection and implementation of optimal remediation strategies in CEs polluted sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natàlia Blázquez-Pallí
- LITOCLEAN, S.L., Environmental site assessment and remediation, c/ Numància 36, 08029 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Clara Torrentó
- Grup MAiMA, SGR Mineralogia Aplicada, Geoquímica i Hidrogeologia (MAGH), Departament de Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia Aplicada, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Institut de Recerca de l'Aigua (IdRA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Martí Franquès s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Serra Húnter Fellowship, Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain
| | - Ernest Marco-Urrea
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), c/ de les Sitges s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - David Garriga
- LITOCLEAN, S.L., Environmental site assessment and remediation, c/ Numància 36, 08029 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta González
- LITOCLEAN, S.L., Environmental site assessment and remediation, c/ Numància 36, 08029 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marçal Bosch
- LITOCLEAN, S.L., Environmental site assessment and remediation, c/ Numància 36, 08029 Barcelona, Spain
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Ottosen CF, Bjerg PL, Kümmel S, Richnow HH, Middeldorp P, Draborg H, Lemaire GG, Broholm MM. Natural attenuation of sulfonamides and metabolites in contaminated groundwater - Review, advantages and challenges of current documentation techniques. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 254:121416. [PMID: 38489851 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Sulfonamides are applied worldwide as antibiotics. They are emerging contaminants of concern, as their presence in the environment may lead to the spread of antibiotic resistance genes. Sulfonamides are present in groundwater systems, which suggest their persistence under certain conditions, highlighting the importance of understanding natural attenuation processes in groundwater. Biodegradation is an essential process, as degradation of sulfonamides reduces the risk of antibiotic resistance spreading. In this review, natural attenuation, and in particular assessment of biodegradation, is evaluated for sulfonamides in groundwater systems. The current knowledge level on biodegradation is reviewed, and a scientific foundation is built based on sulfonamide degradation processes, pathways, metabolites and toxicity. An overview of bacterial species and related metabolites is provided. The main research effort has focused on aerobic conditions while investigations under anaerobic conditions are lacking. The level of implementation in research is laboratory scale; here we strived to bridge towards field application and assessment, by assessing approaches commonly used in monitored natural attenuation. Methods to document contaminant mass loss are assessed to be applicable for sulfonamides, while the approach is limited by a lack of reference standards for metabolites. Furthermore, additional information is required on relevant metabolites in order to improve risk assessments. Based on the current knowledge on biodegradation, it is suggested to use the presence of substituent-containing metabolites from breakage of the sulfonamide bridge as specific indicators of degradation. Microbial approaches are currently available for assessment of microbial community's capacities, however, more knowledge is required on indigenous bacteria capable of degrading sulfonamides and on the impact of environmental conditions on biodegradation. Compound specific stable isotope analysis shows great potential as an additional in situ method, but further developments are required to analyse for sulfonamides at environmentally relevant levels. Finally, in a monitored natural attenuation scheme it is assessed that approaches are available that can uncover some processes related to the fate of sulfonamides in groundwater systems. Nevertheless, there are still unknowns related to relevant bacteria and metabolites for risk assessment as well as the effect of environmental settings such as redox conditions. Alongside, uncovering the fate of sulfonamides in future research, the applicability of the natural attenuation documentation approaches will advance, and provide a step towards in situ remedial concepts for the frequently detected sulfonamides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie F Ottosen
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Bygningstorvet, building 115, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Poul L Bjerg
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Bygningstorvet, building 115, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Steffen Kümmel
- Department Technical Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Hans H Richnow
- Department Technical Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | | | | | - Gregory G Lemaire
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Bygningstorvet, building 115, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mette M Broholm
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Bygningstorvet, building 115, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Wang M, Jiang D, Yang L, Wei J, Kong L, Xie W, Ding D, Fan T, Deng S. Natural attenuation of BTEX and chlorobenzenes in a formerly contaminated pesticide site in China: Examining kinetics, mechanisms, and isotopes analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170506. [PMID: 38307285 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Groundwater contamination from abandoned pesticide sites is a prevalent issue in China. To address this problem, natural attenuation (NA) of pollutants has been increasingly employed as a management strategy for abandoned pesticide sites. However, limited studies have focused on the long-term NA process of co-existing organic pollutants in abandoned pesticide sites by an integrated approach. In this study, the NA of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX), and chlorobenzenes (CBs) in groundwater of a retired industry in China was systematically investigated during the monitoring period from June 2016 to December 2021. The findings revealed that concentrations of BTEX and CBs were effectively reduced, and their NA followed first-order kinetics with different rate constants. The sulfate-reducing bacteria, nitrate-reducing bacteria, fermenting bacteria, aromatic hydrocarbon metabolizing bacteria, and reductive dechlorinating bacteria were detected in groundwater. It was observed that distinct environmental parameters played a role in shaping both overall and key bacterial communities. ORP (14.72%) and BTEX (12.89%) were the main drivers for variations of the whole and key functional microbial community, respectively. Moreover, BTEX accelerated reductive dechlorination. Furthermore, BTEX and CBs exhibited significant enrichment of 13C, ranging from +2.9 to +27.3‰, demonstrating their significance in situ biodegradation. This study provides a scientific basis for site management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Dengdeng Jiang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Lu Yang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Jing Wei
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Lingya Kong
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Wenyi Xie
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Da Ding
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Tingting Fan
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Shaopo Deng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210046, China.
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Wang G, Guo P, Liu Y, Li C, Wang X, Wang H. Mechanistic characterization of anaerobic microbial degradation of BTBPE in coastal wetland soils: Implication by compound-specific stable isotope analysis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 335:117622. [PMID: 36867899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As a novel brominate flame retardants, 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE) has been extensively used in various consumer products, and frequently detected in various environmental matrices. However, the microbial degradation of BTBPE remains unclear in the environment. This study comprehensively investigated the anaerobic microbial degradation of BTBPE and therein stable carbon isotope effect in the wetland soils. BTBPE degradation followed the pseudo-first-order kinetic, with degradation rate of 0.0085 ± 0.0008 day-1. Based on identification of degradation products, stepwise reductive debromination was the main transformation pathway of BTBPE, and tended to keep the stable of 2,4,6-tribromophenoxy group during the microbial degradation. The pronounced carbon isotope fractionation was observed for BTBPE microbial degradation, and carbon isotope enrichment factor (εC) was determined to be -4.81 ± 0.37‰, indicating cleavage of C-Br bond as the rate-limiting step. Compared to previously reported isotope effects, carbon apparent kinetic isotope effect (AKIEC = 1.072 ± 0.004) suggested that the nucleophilic substitution (SN2 reaction) was the potential reaction mechanism for reductive debromination of BTBPE in the anaerobic microbial degradation. These findings demonstrated that BTBPE could be degraded by the anaerobic microbes in wetland soils, and the compound-specific stable isotope analysis was a robust method to discover the underlying reaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoguang Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China.
| | - Pengxu Guo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China; Environmental Information Institute, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China
| | - Chuanyuan Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China
| | - Xu Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China
| | - Haixia Wang
- Navigation College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China
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Madison AS, Sorsby SJ, Wang Y, Key TA. Increasing in situ bioremediation effectiveness through field-scale application of molecular biological tools. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1005871. [PMID: 36845972 PMCID: PMC9950576 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1005871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Leveraging the capabilities of microorganisms to reduce (degrade or transform) concentrations of pollutants in soil and groundwater can be a cost-effective, natural remedial approach to manage contaminated sites. Traditional design and implementation of bioremediation strategies consist of lab-scale biodegradation studies or collection of field-scale geochemical data to infer associated biological processes. While both lab-scale biodegradation studies and field-scale geochemical data are useful for remedial decision-making, additional insights can be gained through the application of Molecular Biological Tools (MBTs) to directly measure contaminant-degrading microorganisms and associated bioremediation processes. Field-scale application of a standardized framework pairing MBTs with traditional contaminant and geochemical analyses was successfully performed at two contaminated sites. At a site with trichloroethene (TCE) impacted groundwater, framework application informed design of an enhanced bioremediation approach. Baseline abundances of 16S rRNA genes for a genus of obligate organohalide-respiring bacteria (i.e., Dehalococcoides) were measured at low abundances (101-102 cells/mL) within the TCE source and plume areas. In combination with geochemical analyses, these data suggested that intrinsic biodegradation (i.e., reductive dechlorination) may be occurring, but activities were limited by electron donor availability. The framework was utilized to support development of a full-scale enhanced bioremediation design (i.e., electron donor addition) and to monitor remedial performance. Additionally, the framework was applied at a second site with residual petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC) impacted soils and groundwater. MBTs, specifically qPCR and 16S gene amplicon rRNA sequencing, were used to characterize intrinsic bioremediation mechanisms. Functional genes associated with anaerobic biodegradation of diesel components (e.g., naphthyl-2-methyl-succinate synthase, naphthalene carboxylase, alkylsuccinate synthase, and benzoyl coenzyme A reductase) were measured to be 2-3 orders of magnitude greater than unimpacted, background samples. Intrinsic bioremediation mechanisms were determined to be sufficient to achieve groundwater remediation objectives. Nonetheless, the framework was further utilized to assess that an enhanced bioremediation could be a successful remedial alternative or complement to source area treatment. While bioremediation of chlorinated solvents, PHCs, and other contaminants has been demonstrated to successfully reduce environmental risk and reach site goals, the application of field-scale MBT data in combination with contaminant and geochemical data analyses to design, implement, and monitor a site-specific bioremediation approach can result in more consistent remedy effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S. Madison
- Golder Associates USA Inc., (Currently WSP USA Inc.), Marlton, NJ, United States,*Correspondence: Andrew S. Madison, ✉
| | - Skyler J. Sorsby
- Golder Associates USA Inc., (Currently WSP USA Inc.), Marlton, NJ, United States
| | | | - Trent A. Key
- ExxonMobil Environmental and Property Solutions Company, Spring, TX, United States
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Key TA, Sorsby SJ, Wang Y, Madison AS. Framework for field-scale application of molecular biological tools to support natural and enhanced bioremediation. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:958742. [PMID: 36425033 PMCID: PMC9679620 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.958742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms naturally present at environmental contaminated sites are capable of biodegrading, biotransforming, or removing contaminants in soil and groundwater through bioremediation processes. Cleanup strategies and goals for site remediation can be effectively achieved by bioremediation leveraging the capabilities of microorganisms to biotransform contaminants into lesser or non-toxic end products; however, reproducible success can be limited by inadequate design or performance monitoring. A group of biological analyses collectively termed molecular biological tools (MBTs) can be used to assess the contaminant-degrading capabilities and activities of microorganisms present in the environment and appropriately implement bioremediation approaches. While successful bioremediation has been demonstrated through previously described lab-scale studies and field-scale implementation for a variety of environmental contaminants, design and performance monitoring of bioremediation has often been limited to inferring biodegradation potential, occurrence, and pathways based on site geochemistry or lab-scale studies. Potential field-scale application of MBTs presents the opportunity to more precisely design and monitor site-specific bioremediation approaches. To promote standardization and successful implementation of bioremediation, a framework for field-scale application of MBTs within a multiple lines of evidence (MLOE) approach is presented. The framework consists of three stages: (i) "Assessment" to evaluate naturally occurring biogeochemical conditions and screen for potential applicability of bioremediation, (ii) "Design" to define a site-specific bioremediation approach and inform amendment selection, and (iii) "Performance Monitoring" to generate data to measure or infer bioremediation progress following implementation. This framework is introduced to synthesize the complexities of environmental microbiology and guide field-scale application of MBTs to assess bioremediation potential and inform site decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trent A. Key
- ExxonMobil Environmental and Property Solutions Company, Spring, TX, United States
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Yang X, Zhong M, Pu J, Liu C, Luo H, Xu M. Risk control and assessment of sulfide-rich sediment remediation by controlled-release calcium nitrate. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 226:119230. [PMID: 36270148 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate stimulation is widely used in sediment remediation to eliminate sulfides, degrade organic pollutants and immobilize phosphorus. However, the environmental risks of nitrate escape and the subsequent release of pollutants (e.g. nitrite, ammonium and trace metals) to water bodies during its application has received less attention. In this study, controlled-release nitrate pellets (SedCaN pellets) were manufactured and applied at different sediment depths to examine their effectiveness in controlling the risk of nitrate escape and subsequent pollutant release. The germination of submerged plant was also analyzed to assess the ecological risks associated with the remediated sediment. The results showed that the SedCaN pellets slowly released calcium nitrate, which led to denitrifying sulfide oxidation, organic matter degradation and the immobilization of phosphorus as a calcium-bound species. Gas production by denitrification increased the sediment porosity (0.3-2.2%) and led to the concomitant release of nitrite, ammonium, and heavy metals, creating secondary risks. Application of the SedCaN pellets at depth decreased the nitrate escape and the secondary risks, presumably by means of a capping effect of the upper sediment. The release of nitrate, ammonium, Ni and Cu were partially limited by 91.6%, 19.0%, 61.6% and 57.4% when SedCaN pellets were incorporated into deeper sediments (7-9 cm). Moreover, the range of sulfide oxidation extended to the upper and lower sediments in the profile (column), while the sulfide oxidation efficiency reached 85.9-95.0%. Finally, increased germination of Bacopa monnieri (20.0-26%) demonstrated that in comparison to reference materials the ecological risks of the treated sediments was reduced and the habitat function of sediment was restored after nitrate-stimulating remediation. The results of this study provide valuable guidelines for nitrate-stimulating remediation of sulfide-rich (black-odor) sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunan Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Mi Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Jia Pu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Congzhu Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Huan Luo
- Key Laboratory of the Pearl River Estuary Regulation and Protection of Ministry of Water Resources, Pearl River Water Resources Research Institute, Guangzhou 510611, China
| | - Meiying Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China.
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Wang G, Liu Y, Wang X, Dong X, Jiang N, Wang H. Application of dual carbon-bromine stable isotope analysis to characterize anaerobic micro-degradation mechanisms of PBDEs in wetland bottom-water. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 208:117854. [PMID: 34800854 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), one kind of persistent organic pollutants, were widely detected in coastal wetlands. Microbial reductive debromination is one of the most important attenuation processes for PBDEs in anaerobic environment, whereas the underlying reaction mechanisms remain elusive. Dual-element stable isotope analysis was recently recognized to distinguish different reaction mechanism for degradation of organic pollutants. In this study, the dual carbon-bromine isotope effects associated with the anaerobic microbial degradation were first investigated to characterize the reaction mechanisms for BDE-47 and BDE-153. Presence of lower brominated congeners indicated stepwise debromination as the main degradation pathway, with the preferential removal of bromine in para position > meta/ortho position. The pronounced isotope fractionation was observed for both carbon and bromine, with similar carbon (εC) and bromine isotope enrichment factor (εBr) between BDE-47 (εC = -5.98‰, εBr = -2.44‰) and BDE-153 (εC = -5.57‰, εBr = -2.06‰) during the microbial degradation. Compared to εC and εBr, the correlation of carbon and isotope effects (ΛC/Br = Δδ81Br/Δδ13C) was almost the same between BDE-47 (0.436) and BDE-153 (0.435), indicating the similar reaction mechanism. The calculated carbon and bromine apparent kinetic isotope effects (AKIEC and AKIEBr) were 1.0773 and 1.0098 for BDE-47 and 1.0716 and 1.0125 for BDE-153, within range reported for degradation of halogenated compounds following nucleophilic substitution. Combination analysis of degradation products, ΛC/Br and AKIE, all the results pointed to that the anaerobic reductive debromination of BDE-47 and BDE-153 followed the nucleophilic aromatic substitution, with the addition of cofactor to the benzene ring concomitant with dissociation of carbon-bromine bond via the inner-sphere electron transfer, and the cleavage of C-Br bond was the rate-determining step. This study contributed to the development of dual carbon-bromine isotope analysis as a robust approach to probe the fate of PBDEs in contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoguang Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China; Environmental Information Institute, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China.
| | - Xu Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Xu Dong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Na Jiang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Haixia Wang
- Navigation College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
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Ottosen CB, Bjerg PL, Hunkeler D, Zimmermann J, Tuxen N, Harrekilde D, Bennedsen L, Leonard G, Brabæk L, Kristensen IL, Broholm MM. Assessment of chlorinated ethenes degradation after field scale injection of activated carbon and bioamendments: Application of isotopic and microbial analyses. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2021; 240:103794. [PMID: 33735692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2021.103794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, activated carbon amendments have successfully been applied to retain chlorinated ethene subsurface contamination. The concept of this remediation technology is that activated carbon and bioamendments are injected into aquifer systems to enhance biodegradation. While the scientific basis of the technology is established, there is a need for methods to characterise and quantify the biodegradation at field scale. In this study, an integrated approach was applied to assess in situ biodegradation after the establishment of a cross sectional treatment zone in a TCE plume. The amendments were liquid activated carbon, hydrogen release donors and a Dehalococcoides containing culture. The integrated approach included spatial and temporal evaluations on flow and transport, redox conditions, contaminant concentrations, biomarker abundance and compound-specific stable isotopes. This is the first study applying isotopic and microbial techniques to assess field scale biodegradation enhanced by liquid activated carbon and bioamendments. The injection enhanced biodegradation from TCE to primarily cis-DCE. The Dehalococcoides abundances facilitated characterisation of critical zones with insufficient degradation and possible explanations. A conceptual model of isotopic data together with distribution and transport information improved process understanding; the degradation of TCE was insufficient to counteract the contaminant input by inflow into the treatment zone and desorption from the sediment. The integrated approach could be used to document and characterise the in situ degradation, and the isotopic and microbial data provided process understanding that could not have been gathered from conventional monitoring tools. However, quantification of degradation through isotope data was restricted for TCE due to isotope masking effects. The combination of various monitoring tools, applied frequently at high-resolution, with system understanding, was essential for the assessment of biodegradation in the complex, non-stationary system. Furthermore, the investigations revealed prospects for future research, which should focus on monitoring contaminant fate and microbial distribution on the sediment and the activated carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie B Ottosen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Poul L Bjerg
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Daniel Hunkeler
- Centre for Hydrogeology and Geothermics (CHYN), University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile Argand 11, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Jeremy Zimmermann
- Centre for Hydrogeology and Geothermics (CHYN), University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile Argand 11, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Nina Tuxen
- The Capital Region of Denmark, Center for Regional Development, Regionsgården, Kongens Vænge 2, 3400 Hillerød, Denmark
| | | | | | - Gareth Leonard
- REGENESIS Bioremediation Products Ltd, F8 Nutgrove Office Park, Rathfarnham, Dublin 14, Ireland
| | - Lærke Brabæk
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Inge Lise Kristensen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mette M Broholm
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Taylor NM, Toth CRA, Collins V, Mussone P, Gieg LM. The Effect of an Adsorbent Matrix on Recovery of Microorganisms from Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Groundwater. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9010090. [PMID: 33401442 PMCID: PMC7823327 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbial degradation of recalcitrant hydrocarbons is an important process that can contribute to the remediation of oil and gas-contaminated environments. Due to the complex structure of subsurface terrestrial environments, it is important to identify the microbial communities that may be contributing to biodegradation processes, along with their abilities to metabolize different hydrocarbons in situ. In this study, a variety of adsorbent materials were assessed for their ability to trap both hydrocarbons and microorganisms in contaminated groundwater. Of the materials tested, a porous polymer resin (Tenax-TA) recovered the highest diversity of microbial taxa in preliminary experiments and was selected for additional (microcosm-based) testing. Oxic and anoxic experiments were prepared with groundwater collected from a contaminated aquifer to assess the ability of Tenax-TA to adsorb two environmental hydrocarbon contaminants of interest (toluene and benzene) while simultaneously providing a surface for microbial growth and hydrocarbon biodegradation. Microorganisms in oxic microcosms completely degraded both targets within 14 days of incubation, while anoxically-incubated microorganisms metabolized toluene but not benzene in less than 80 days. Community analysis of Tenax-TA-associated microorganisms revealed taxa highly enriched in sessile hydrocarbon-degrading treatments, including Saprospiraceae, Azoarcus, and Desulfoprunum, which may facilitate hydrocarbon degradation. This study showed that Tenax-TA can be used as a matrix to effectively trap both microorganisms and hydrocarbons in contaminated environmental systems for assessing and studying hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M. Taylor
- Petroleum Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
| | - Courtney R. A. Toth
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada;
| | - Victoria Collins
- Applied BioNanotechnology Industrial Research Chair Program, Northern Alberta Institute of Technology, 11762-106 Street, Edmonton, AB T5G 2R1, Canada; (V.C.); (P.M.)
| | - Paolo Mussone
- Applied BioNanotechnology Industrial Research Chair Program, Northern Alberta Institute of Technology, 11762-106 Street, Edmonton, AB T5G 2R1, Canada; (V.C.); (P.M.)
| | - Lisa M. Gieg
- Petroleum Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
- Correspondence:
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11
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Ottosen CB, Rønde V, McKnight US, Annable MD, Broholm MM, Devlin JF, Bjerg PL. Natural attenuation of a chlorinated ethene plume discharging to a stream: Integrated assessment of hydrogeological, chemical and microbial interactions. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 186:116332. [PMID: 32871289 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Attenuation processes of chlorinated ethenes in complex near-stream systems result in site-specific outcomes of great importance for risk assessment of contaminated sites. Additional interdisciplinary and comprehensive field research is required to enhance process understanding in these systems. In this study, several methods were combined in a multi-scale interdisciplinary in-situ approach to assess and quantify the near-stream attenuation of a chlorinated ethene plume, mainly consisting of cis-dichloroethene (cis-DCE) and vinyl chloride (VC), discharging to a lowland stream (Grindsted stream, Denmark) over a monitoring period of seven years. The approach included: hydrogeological characterisation, reach scale contaminant mass balance analysis, quantification of contaminant mass discharge, streambed fluxes of chlorinated ethenes quantified using Sediment Bed Passive Flux Meters (SBPFMs), assessment of redox conditions, temporal assessment of contaminant concentrations, microbial analysis, and compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA). This study site exhibits a special attenuation behaviour not commonly encountered in field studies: the conversion from an initially limited degradation case (2012-16), despite seemingly optimal conditions, to one presenting notable levels of degradation (2019). Hence, this study site provides a new piece to the puzzle, as sites with different attenuation behaviours are required in order to acquire the full picture of the role groundwater-surface water interfaces have in risk mitigation. In spite of the increased degradation in the near-stream plume core, the contaminant attenuation was still incomplete in the discharging plume. A conceptualization of flow, transport and processes clarified that hydrogeology was the main control on the natural attenuation, as short residence times of 0.5-37 days restricted the time in which dechlorination could occur. This study reveals the importance of: taking an integrated approach to understand the influence of all attenuation processes in groundwater - surface water interactions; considering the scale and domain of interest when determining the main processes; and monitoring sufficiently both spatially and temporally to cover the transient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie B Ottosen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Vinni Rønde
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ursula S McKnight
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Michael D Annable
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, FL, United States
| | - Mette M Broholm
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - John F Devlin
- Department of Geology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Poul L Bjerg
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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12
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Kharey G, Scheffer G, Gieg LM. Combined Use of Diagnostic Fumarate Addition Metabolites and Genes Provides Evidence for Anaerobic Hydrocarbon Biodegradation in Contaminated Groundwater. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8101532. [PMID: 33036175 PMCID: PMC7599786 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The widespread use of hydrocarbon-based fuels has led to the contamination of many natural environments due to accidental spills or leaks. While anaerobic microorganisms indigenous to many fuel-contaminated groundwater sites can play a role in site remediation (e.g., monitored natural attenuation, MNA) via hydrocarbon biodegradation, multiple lines of evidence in support of such bioremediation are required. In this study, we investigated two fuel-contaminated groundwater sites for their potential to be managed by MNA. Microbial community composition, biogeochemical indicators, fumarate addition metabolites, and genes diagnostic of both alkane and alkyl-monoaromatic hydrocarbon activation were assessed. Fumarate addition metabolites and catabolic genes were detected for both classes of hydrocarbon biodegradation at both sites, providing strong evidence for in situ anaerobic hydrocarbon biodegradation. However, relevant metabolites and genes did not consistently co-occur within all groundwater samples. Using newly designed mixtures of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) primers to target diverse assA and bssA genes, we measured assA gene abundances ranging from 105–108 copies/L, and bssA gene abundances ranging from 105–1010 copies/L at the sites. Overall, this study demonstrates the value of investigating fuel-contaminated sites using both metabolites and genes diagnostic of anaerobic hydrocarbon biodegradation for different classes of hydrocarbons to help assess field sites for management by MNA.
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13
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An LC-MS/MS Method for a Comprehensive Determination of Metabolites of BTEX Anaerobic Degradation in Bacterial Cultures and Groundwater. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12071869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and the different xylene isomers), known for carcinogenic and neurotoxic effects, are common environmental contaminants. The first step for the development of the bioremediation technologies is the detection of intense microbial degradation in contaminated waters in the quest for the most active bacterial strains. This requires the multispecies analysis for BTEX metabolites which are considered as markers of microbial degradation. A direct (50 µL injection) HPLC–electrospray MS/MS analytical method was developed for the simultaneous analysis of 11 BTEX metabolites (o-, m-, p-toluic, salicylic, benzoate, benzyl, and phenyl succinic acids, 2-(1-phenylethyl)-, 2-(2-methylbenzyl), and 2-(3-methylbenzyl)-, 2-(4-methyl benzyl)-succinic acids) in bacterial cultures and ground waters down to 0.1 ng/mL. The optimization of the chromatographic conditions allowed for the resolution of position isomers of toluic and methylbenzyl-succinic acids. The stability of the analytes during sample storage tested in different conditions showed the instability of some of them when stored at room temperature. The feasibility of the method was demonstrated by the detection of all the investigated metabolites in a water sample of a deep aquifer hosting natural gas storage. A model laboratory study emphasized the importance of 2-(2-methylbenzyl)-succinic acid as a marker of anaerobic microbial degradation.
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14
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Hidalgo KJ, Teramoto EH, Soriano AU, Valoni E, Baessa MP, Richnow HH, Vogt C, Chang HK, Oliveira VM. Taxonomic and functional diversity of the microbiome in a jet fuel contaminated site as revealed by combined application of in situ microcosms with metagenomic analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 708:135152. [PMID: 31812384 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Natural attenuation represents all processes that govern contaminant mass removal, which mainly occurs via microbial degradation in the environment. Although this process is intrinsic its rate and efficiency depend on multiple factors. This study aimed to characterize the microbial taxonomic and functional diversity in different aquifer sediments collected in the saturated zone and in situ microcosms (BACTRAP®s) amended with hydrocarbons (13C-labeled and non-labeled benzene, toluene and naphthalene) using 16S rRNA gene and "shotgun" Illumina high throughput sequencing at a jet-fuel contaminated site. The BACTRAP®s were installed to assess hydrocarbon metabolism by native bacteria. Results indicated that Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes were the most dominant phyla (~98%) in the aquifer sediment samples. Meanwhile, in the benzene- and toluene-amended BACTRAP®s the phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria accounted for about 90% of total community. In the naphthalene-amended BACTRAP®, members of the SR-FBR-L83 family (Order Ignavibacteriales) accounted for almost 80% of bacterial community. Functional annotation of metagenomes showed that only the sediment sample located at the source zone border and with the lowest BTEX concentration, has metabolic potential to degrade hydrocarbons aerobically. On the other hand, in situ BACTRAP®s allowed enrichment of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria. Metagenomic data suggest that fumarate addition is the main mechanism for hydrocarbon activation of toluene. Also, indications for methylation, hydroxylation and carboxylation as activation mechanisms for benzene anaerobic conversion were found. After 120 days of exposure in the contaminated groundwater, the isotopic analysis of fatty acids extracted from BACTRAP®s demonstrated the assimilation of isotopic labeled compounds in the cells of microbes expressed by strong isotopic enrichment. We propose that the microbiota in this jet-fuel contaminated site has metabolic potential to degrade benzene and toluene by a syntrophic process, between members of the families Geobacteraceae and Peptococcaceae (genus Pelotomaculum), coupled to nitrate, iron and/or sulfate reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Hidalgo
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato 255, Cidade Universitária, Campinas, SP. ZIP 13083-862, Brazil.
| | - E H Teramoto
- Laboratory of Basin Studies (LEBAC), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Av. 24A, 1515 ZIP 13506-900, Brazil
| | - A U Soriano
- PETROBRAS/ R&D Center (CENPES), Av. Horácio Macedo, 950. ZIP 21941-915 Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - E Valoni
- PETROBRAS/ R&D Center (CENPES), Av. Horácio Macedo, 950. ZIP 21941-915 Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M P Baessa
- PETROBRAS/ R&D Center (CENPES), Av. Horácio Macedo, 950. ZIP 21941-915 Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - H H Richnow
- Department Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Permoserstrasse 15 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - C Vogt
- Department Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Permoserstrasse 15 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - H K Chang
- Laboratory of Basin Studies (LEBAC), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Av. 24A, 1515 ZIP 13506-900, Brazil
| | - V M Oliveira
- Microbial Resources Division, Research Center for Chemistry, Biology and Agriculture (CPQBA), University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Paulínia, Brazil, Av. Alexandre Cazellato, 999, ZIP 13148-218, Brazil
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15
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Qian Y, Chen K, Liu Y, Li J. Assessment of hexachlorcyclohexane biodegradation in contaminated soil by compound-specific stable isotope analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 254:113008. [PMID: 31400667 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) was firstly applied to explore the biodegradation of hexachlorcyclohexane (HCH) isomers in contaminated soil. Concentrations and compound-specific carbon isotope ratio profiles of HCH in different specific ex-situ pilot-scale contaminated soil mesocosms were determined. The addition of nutrients and Sphingobium spp. significantly enhanced the degradation of HCH in contaminated soils within 90 days. Isomer specific biodegradation of HCHs was observed with α- and γ-HCH being more degradable than β and δ-HCH. Stable carbon isotope fractionation of HCH was observed and the δ13C values shifted from -28.8 ± 0.3‰ to -24.8 ± 0.7‰ upon 87.3% removal, -27.9 ± 0.2‰ to -25.9 ± 0.5‰ upon 72.8% removal, -29.4 ± 0.3‰ to -19.9 ± 0.6‰ upon 95.8% removal, and -27.8 ± 0.5‰ to -23.6 ± 0.7‰ after 96.9% removal for α, β, γ, and δ-HCH, respectively. Furthermore, the enrichment factor ε for α, β, γ, and δ-HCH biodegradation in soil was obtained for the first time as -2.0‰, -1.5‰, -3.2‰, and -1.4‰, which could play a critical role in assessing in situ biodegradation of HCH isomers in field site soil. Results from ex-situ pilot-scale experiments clearly demonstrated that CSIA could be a promising tool to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate in situ biodegradation of HCH in contaminated field site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiguang Qian
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecological Remediation, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ke Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yaqing Liu
- UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Permoserstr.15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Juying Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecological Remediation, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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16
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Lee TH, Tsang DCW, Chen WH, Verpoort F, Sheu YT, Kao CM. Application of an emulsified polycolloid substrate biobarrier to remediate petroleum-hydrocarbon contaminated groundwater. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 219:444-455. [PMID: 30551111 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Emulsified polycolloid substrate (EPS) was developed and applied in situ to form a biobarrier for the containment and enhanced bioremediation of a petroleum-hydrocarbon plume. EPS had a negative zeta potential (-35.7 mv), which promoted its even distribution after injection. Batch and column experiments were performed to evaluate the effectiveness of EPS on toluene containment and biodegradation. The EPS-to-water partition coefficient for toluene (target compound) was 943. Thus, toluene had a significant sorption affinity to EPS, which caused reduced toluene concentration in water phase in the EPS/water system. Groundwater containing toluene (18 mg/L) was pumped into the three-column system at a flow rate of 0.28 mL/min, while EPS was injected into the second column to form a biobarrier. A significant reduction of toluene concentration to 0.1 mg/L was observed immediately after EPS injection. This indicates that EPS could effectively contain toluene plume and prevent its further migration to farther downgradient zone. Approximately 99% of toluene was removed after 296 PVs of operation via sorption, natural attenuation, and EPS-enhanced biodegradation. Increase in total organic carbon and bacteria were also observed after EPS supplement. Supplement of EPS resulted in a growth of petroleum-hydrocarbon degrading bacteria, which enhanced the toluene biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Lee
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - D C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - W H Chen
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - F Verpoort
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Y T Sheu
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - C M Kao
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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17
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Ottosen CB, Murray AM, Broholm MM, Bjerg PL. In Situ Quantification of Degradation Is Needed for Reliable Risk Assessments and Site-Specific Monitored Natural Attenuation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:1-3. [PMID: 30571107 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b06630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie B Ottosen
- Department of Environmental Engineering , Technical University of Denmark , Bygningstorvet, Bygning 115 , 2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Alexandra M Murray
- Department of Environmental Engineering , Technical University of Denmark , Bygningstorvet, Bygning 115 , 2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Mette M Broholm
- Department of Environmental Engineering , Technical University of Denmark , Bygningstorvet, Bygning 115 , 2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Poul L Bjerg
- Department of Environmental Engineering , Technical University of Denmark , Bygningstorvet, Bygning 115 , 2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
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18
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Blázquez-Pallí N, Rosell M, Varias J, Bosch M, Soler A, Vicent T, Marco-Urrea E. Multi-method assessment of the intrinsic biodegradation potential of an aquifer contaminated with chlorinated ethenes at an industrial area in Barcelona (Spain). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 244:165-173. [PMID: 30326388 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The bioremediation potential of an aquifer contaminated with tetrachloroethene (PCE) was assessed by combining hydrogeochemical data of the site, microcosm studies, metabolites concentrations, compound specific-stable carbon isotope analysis and the identification of selected reductive dechlorination biomarker genes. The characterization of the site through 10 monitoring wells evidenced that leaked PCE was transformed to TCE and cis-DCE via hydrogenolysis. Carbon isotopic mass balance of chlorinated ethenes pointed to two distinct sources of contamination and discarded relevant alternate degradation pathways in the aquifer. Application of specific-genus primers targeting Dehalococcoides mccartyi species and the vinyl chloride-to-ethene reductive dehalogenase vcrA indicated the presence of autochthonous bacteria capable of the complete dechlorination of PCE. The observed cis-DCE stall was consistent with the aquifer geochemistry (positive redox potentials; presence of dissolved oxygen, nitrate, and sulphate; absence of ferrous iron), which was thermodynamically favourable to dechlorinate highly chlorinated ethenes but required lower redox potentials to evolve beyond cis-DCE to the innocuous end product ethene. Accordingly, the addition of lactate or a mixture of ethanol plus methanol as electron donor sources in parallel field-derived anoxic microcosms accelerated dechlorination of PCE and passed cis-DCE up to ethene, unlike the controls (without amendments, representative of field natural attenuation). Lactate fermentation produced acetate at near-stoichiometric amounts. The array of techniques used in this study provided complementary lines of evidence to suggest that enhanced anaerobic bioremediation using lactate as electron donor source is a feasible strategy to successfully decontaminate this site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natàlia Blázquez-Pallí
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), c/ de les Sitges s/n, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; Litoclean, S.L., c/ Numància 36, 08029, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mònica Rosell
- Grup MAiMA, SGR Mineralogia Aplicada, Geoquímica i Geomicrobiologia, Departament de Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia Aplicada, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c/ Martí Franquès s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Varias
- Litoclean, S.L., c/ Numància 36, 08029, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marçal Bosch
- Litoclean, S.L., c/ Numància 36, 08029, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Soler
- Grup MAiMA, SGR Mineralogia Aplicada, Geoquímica i Geomicrobiologia, Departament de Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia Aplicada, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c/ Martí Franquès s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Vicent
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), c/ de les Sitges s/n, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Ernest Marco-Urrea
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), c/ de les Sitges s/n, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
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Ní Chadhain SM, Miller JL, Dustin JP, Trethewey JP, Jones SH, Launen LA. An assessment of the microbial community in an urban fringing tidal marsh with an emphasis on petroleum hydrocarbon degradative genes. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 136:351-364. [PMID: 30509817 PMCID: PMC6281173 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Small fringing marshes are ecologically important habitats often impacted by petroleum. We characterized the phylogenetic structure (16S rRNA) and petroleum hydrocarbon degrading alkane hydroxylase genes (alkB and CYP 153A1) in a sediment microbial community from a New Hampshire fringing marsh, using alkane-exposed dilution cultures to enrich for petroleum degrading bacteria. 16S rRNA and alkB analysis demonstrated that the initial sediment community was dominated by Betaproteobacteria (mainly Comamonadaceae) and Gammaproteobacteria (mainly Pseudomonas), while CYP 153A1 sequences predominantly matched Rhizobiales. 24 h of exposure to n-hexane, gasoline, dodecane, or dilution culture alone reduced functional and phylogenetic diversity, enriching for Gammaproteobacteria, especially Pseudomonas. Gammaproteobacteria continued to dominate for 10 days in the n-hexane and no alkane exposed samples, while dodecane and gasoline exposure selected for gram-positive bacteria. The data demonstrate that small fringing marshes in New England harbor petroleum-degrading bacteria, suggesting that petroleum degradation may be an important fringing marsh ecosystem function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinéad M Ní Chadhain
- Department of Biology, LSCB 217, University of South Alabama, 5871 USA Drive N., Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Jarett L Miller
- Department of Biology, Keene State College, 246 Main St., Keene, NH 03435, USA
| | - John P Dustin
- Department of Biology, Keene State College, 246 Main St., Keene, NH 03435, USA
| | - Jeff P Trethewey
- Department of Biology, Keene State College, 246 Main St., Keene, NH 03435, USA
| | - Stephen H Jones
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, 285 Rudman Hall, 46 College Rd., Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Loren A Launen
- Department of Biology, Keene State College, 246 Main St., Keene, NH 03435, USA.
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Lv H, Su X, Wang Y, Dai Z, Liu M. Effectiveness and mechanism of natural attenuation at a petroleum-hydrocarbon contaminated site. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 206:293-301. [PMID: 29753292 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.04.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study applied an integrated method for evaluating the effectiveness and mechanism of natural attenuation (NA) of petroleum-hydrocarbon contaminated groundwater. Site groundwater and soil samples were analysed to characterize spatial and temporal variations in petroleum hydrocarbons, geochemical indicators, microbial diversity and isotopes. The results showed that the area of petroleum hydrocarbon contamination plume decreased almost 60% in four years, indicating the presence of natural attenuation. The 14C content and sequence analysis indicate that there are more relatively 'old' HCO3- that have been produced from petroleum hydrocarbons in the upgradient portion of the contaminated plume, confirming that intrinsic biodegradation was the major factor limiting spread of the contaminated plume. The main degradation mechanisms were identified as sulfate reduction and methanogenesis based on the following: (1) more SO42- have been consumed in the contamination source than downgradient, and the δ34S values in the resident SO42- were also more enriched in the contamination source, (2) production of more CH4 in the contamination source with the δ13C values for CH4 was much lower than that of CO2, and the fractionation factor was 1.030-1.046. The results of this study provide significant insight for applying natural attenuation and enhanced bioremediation as alternative options for remediation of petroleum-hydrocarbon contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Lv
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education/Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Xiaosi Su
- College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, PR China.
| | - Zhenxue Dai
- College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, PR China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Geological Survey of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210018, PR China; Key Laboratory of Earth Fissures Geological Disaster, Ministry of Land and Resources, Nanjing 210018, PR China
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Jin S, Yao X, Xu Z, Zhang X, Yang F. Estimation of soil-specific microbial degradation of alpha-cypermethrin by compound-specific stable isotope analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:22736-22743. [PMID: 29855873 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2399-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the microbial degradation of alpha-cypermethrin was investigated in 14 different soil samples by compound-specific stable isotope analysis. After 40 and 80 days of microbial degradation, the stable carbon isotope ratios of alpha-cypermethrin shifted from - 32.18 to - 31.87‰ ~ - 31.12 and - 31.45‰ ~ - 29.75‰ in the soils, respectively. The microbial degradation percentages of alpha-cypermethrin were calculated as 15.6~44.3% after 40 days of incubation and 33.3~73.9% after 80 days of incubation. The effects of physicochemical properties of soil samples were then explored on the microbial degradation of alpha-cypermethrin. The results revealed that the microbial degradation percentages were positively correlated with the contents of organic carbon in soils with Pearson correlation coefficients of 0.794 and 0.843 for 40 and 80 days of microbial degradation, respectively, indicating that the microbial degradation of alpha-cypermethrin was faster in the soil with higher content of organic carbon. Accordingly, soil-specific use should be considered in practical agricultural application of alpha-cypermethrin to reduce the residue of the pesticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Jin
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University For Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiaoshan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University For Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zemin Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xichang Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fangxing Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Research Institute of Zhejiang University-Taizhou, Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318000, China.
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Vogel M, Nijenhuis I, Lloyd J, Boothman C, Pöritz M, Mackenzie K. Combined chemical and microbiological degradation of tetrachloroethene during the application of Carbo-Iron at a contaminated field site. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 628-629:1027-1036. [PMID: 30045527 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
After the injection of Carbo-Iron® into an aquifer contaminated with tetrachloroethene (PCE), combined chemical and microbiological contaminant degradation processes were found in a long-term study of the field site in Lower Saxony (Germany). The applied composite material Carbo-Iron, which consists of colloidal activated carbon and embedded nanoscale zero-valent iron (ZVI) structures, functioned as intended: accumulating the pollutants and promoting their reductive dechlorination. Furthermore, the particles decreased the redox potential of the groundwater due to their reaction with oxygen and to the ZVI-corrosion-induced formation of molecular hydrogen up to 190 days after the injection, the latter promoting sulphate-reducing conditions. The emergence of cis-dichloroethene (cis-DCE), which was only found in trace quantities before the injection of Carbo-Iron, together with the presence of organisms related to Sulfospirillum multivorans, Desulfitobacterium spp. and Dehalococcoides mccartyi, indicate that Carbo-Iron is also able to support microbial degradation of PCE. However, cis-DCE did not accumulate in the present case study, although it is often observed at sites with active microbial dechlorination. The results of compound-specific isotope analysis in combination with pyrosequencing data suggested the oxidative degradation of cis-DCE by an organism related to Polaromonas sp. strain JS666. Consequently, the formation of the carcinogenic degradation intermediate vinyl chloride was circumvented. Overall, the moderate and slow change of environmental conditions mediated by Carbo-Iron not only supported organohalide-respiring bacteria, but also created the basis for a subsequent microbial oxidation step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vogel
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Engineering, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ivonne Nijenhuis
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jonathan Lloyd
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Boothman
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Marlén Pöritz
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katrin Mackenzie
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Engineering, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany.
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Nijenhuis I, Stollberg R, Lechner U. Anaerobic microbial dehalogenation and its key players in the contaminated Bitterfeld-Wolfen megasite. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2018; 94:4828323. [PMID: 29385441 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiy012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The megasite Bitterfeld-Wolfen is highly contaminated as a result of accidents and because of dumping of wastes from local chemical industries in the last century. A variety of contaminants including chlorinated ethenes and benzenes, hexachlorohexanes and chlorinated dioxins can still be found in the groundwater and (river) sediments. Investigations of the in situ microbial transformation of organohalides have been performed only over the last two decades at this megasite. In this review, we summarise the research on the activity of anaerobic dehalogenating bacteria at the field site in Bitterfeld-Wolfen, focusing on chlorinated ethenes, monochlorobenzene and chlorinated dioxins. Various methods and concepts were applied including ex situ cultivation and isolation, and in situ analysis of hydrochemical parameters, compound-specific stable isotope analysis of contaminants, 13C-tracer studies and molecular markers. Overall, biotransformation of organohalides is ongoing at the field site and Dehalococcoides mccartyi species play an important role in the detoxification process in the Bitterfeld-Wolfen region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivonne Nijenhuis
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Reiner Stollberg
- Department of Groundwater Remediation, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ute Lechner
- Institute of Biology/Microbiology Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120 Halle, Germany
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Woods A, Kuntze K, Gelman F, Halicz L, Nijenhuis I. Variable dual carbon-bromine stable isotope fractionation during enzyme-catalyzed reductive dehalogenation of brominated ethenes. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 190:211-217. [PMID: 28987410 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.09.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The potential of compound-specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA) to characterize biotransformation of brominated organic compounds (BOCs) was assessed and compared to chlorinated analogues. Sulfurospirillum multivorans and Desulfitobacterium hafniense PCE-S catalyzed the dehalogenation of tribromoethene (TBE) to either vinyl bromide (VB) or ethene, respectively. Significantly lower isotope fractionation was observed for TBE dehalogenation by S. multivorans (εC = -1.3 ± 0.2‰) compared to D. hafniense (εC = -7.7 ± 1.5‰). However, higher fractionation was observed for dibromoethene (DBE) dehalogenation by S. multivorans (εC = -16.8 ± 1.8‰ and -21.2 ± 1.6‰ for trans- and cis-1,2- (DBE) respectively), compared to D. hafniense PCE-S (εC = -9.5 ± 1.2‰ and -14.5 ± 0.7‰ for trans-1,2-DBE and cis-1,2-DBE, respectively). Significant, but similar, bromine fractionation was observed for for S. multivorans (εBr = -0.53 ± 0.15‰, -1.03 ± 0.26‰, and -1.18 ± 0.13‰ for trans-1,2-DBE, cis-1,2-DBE and TBE, respectively) and D. hafniense PCE-S (εBr = -0.97 ± 0.28‰, -1.16 ± 0.36‰, and -1.34 ± 0.32‰ for cis-1,2-DBE, TBE and trans-1,2-DBE, respectively). Variable CBr dual-element slopes were estimated at Λ (εC/εBr) = 1.03 ± 0.2, 17.9 ± 5.8, and 29.9 ± 11.0 for S. multivorans debrominating TBE, cis-1,2-DBE and trans-1,2-DBE, respectively, and at 7.14 ± 1.6, 8.27 ± 3.7, and 8.92 ± 2.4 for D. hafniense PCE-S debrominating trans-1,2-DBE, TBE and cis-1,2-DBE, respectively. A high variability in isotope fractionation, which was substrate property related, was observed for S. multivorans but not D. hafniense, similar as observed for chlorinated ethenes, and may be due to rate-limiting steps preceding the bond-cleavage or differences in the reaction mechanism. Overall, significant isotope fractionation was observed and, therefore, CSIA can be applied to monitor the fate of brominated ethenes in the environment. Isotope effects differences, however, are not systematically comparable to chlorinated ethenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Woods
- Department for Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, D-04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kevin Kuntze
- Department for Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, D-04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Faina Gelman
- Geological Survey of Israel, 30 Malkhe Israel St., Jerusalem, 95501, Israel
| | - Ludwik Halicz
- Geological Survey of Israel, 30 Malkhe Israel St., Jerusalem, 95501, Israel; Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ivonne Nijenhuis
- Department for Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, D-04318, Leipzig, Germany.
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Lhotský O, Krákorová E, Linhartová L, Křesinová Z, Steinová J, Dvořák L, Rodsand T, Filipová A, Kroupová K, Wimmerová L, Kukačka J, Cajthaml T. Assessment of biodegradation potential at a site contaminated by a mixture of BTEX, chlorinated pollutants and pharmaceuticals using passive sampling methods - Case study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 607-608:1451-1465. [PMID: 28763941 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study describes a pilot remediation test of a co-mingled plume containing BTEX, chlorinated pollutants and pharmaceuticals. Remediation was attempted using a combination of various approaches, including a pump and treat system applying an advanced oxidation process and targeted direct push injections of calcium peroxide. The remediation process was monitored intensively and extensively throughout the pilot test using various conventional and passive sampling methods, including next-generation amplicon sequencing. The results showed that the injection of oxygen-saturated treated water with residual hydrogen peroxide and elevated temperature enhanced the in situ removal of monoaromatics and chlorinated pollutants. In particular, in combination with the injection of calcium peroxide, the conditions facilitated the in situ bacterial biodegradation of the pollutants. The mean groundwater concentration of benzene decreased from 1349μg·L-1 prior to the test to 3μg·L-1 within 3months after the calcium peroxide injections; additionally, monochlorobenzene decreased from 1545μg·L-1 to 36μg·L-1, and toluene decreased from 143μg·L-1 to 2μg·L-1. Furthermore, significant degradation of the contaminants bound to the soil matrix in less permeable zones was observed. Based on a developed 3D model, 90% of toluene and 88% of chlorobenzene bound to the soil were removed during the pilot test, and benzene was removed almost completely. On the other hand, the psychopharmaceuticals were effectively removed by the employed advanced oxidation process only from the treated water, and their concentration in groundwater remained stagnant due to inflow from the surroundings and their absence of in situ degradation. The employment of passive sampling techniques, including passive diffusion bags (PDB) for volatile organic pollutants and their respective transformation products, polar organic compound integrative samplers (POCIS) for the pharmaceuticals and in situ soil microcosms for microbial community analysis, was proven to be suitable for monitoring remediation in saturated zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Lhotský
- DEKONTA a.s., Volutová 2523, CZ-158 00 Prague 5, Czech Republic; Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, CZ-128 01 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Krákorová
- DEKONTA a.s., Volutová 2523, CZ-158 00 Prague 5, Czech Republic; Institute of Microbiology Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Linhartová
- Institute of Microbiology Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Zdena Křesinová
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, CZ-128 01 Prague 2, Czech Republic; Institute of Microbiology Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Steinová
- Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 2, CZ-461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Dvořák
- Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 2, CZ-461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Torgeir Rodsand
- ALS Laboratory Group Norway AS, Drammensveien 173, N-0214 Oslo, Norway
| | - Alena Filipová
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, CZ-128 01 Prague 2, Czech Republic; Institute of Microbiology Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Kroupová
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, CZ-128 01 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Wimmerová
- ALS Laboratory Group Norway AS, Drammensveien 173, N-0214 Oslo, Norway; Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ-165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kukačka
- DEKONTA a.s., Volutová 2523, CZ-158 00 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Cajthaml
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, CZ-128 01 Prague 2, Czech Republic; Institute of Microbiology Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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26
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Li J, Li R, Li J. Current research scenario for microcystins biodegradation - A review on fundamental knowledge, application prospects and challenges. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 595:615-632. [PMID: 28407581 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are common cyanotoxins produced by harmful cyanobacterial blooms (HCBs) and severely threaten human and ecosystems health. Biodegradation is an efficient and sustainable biological strategy for MCs removal. Many novel findings in fundamental knowledge and application potential of MC-biodegradation have been documented. Little effort has devoted to summarize and comment recent research progress on MC-biodegradation, and discuss the research problems and gaps. This review deals with current research scenario in aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation for MCs. Diverse organisms capable of degrading MCs are encapsulated. Enzymatic mechanisms and influence factors regulating aerobic and anaerobic MC-biodegradation are summarized and discussed, which are essential for assessing and reducing MC-risks during HCBs episodes. Also, we propose some ideas to solve the challenges and bottleneck problems in practical application of MC-biodegradation, and discuss research gaps and promising research methods which deserve special attention. This review may provide new insights on future direction of MC-biodegradation research, in order to further broaden its application prospects for bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieming Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Renhui Li
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Ji Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Liu Y, Bashir S, Stollberg R, Trabitzsch R, Weiß H, Paschke H, Nijenhuis I, Richnow HH. Compound Specific and Enantioselective Stable Isotope Analysis as Tools To Monitor Transformation of Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) in a Complex Aquifer System. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:8909-8916. [PMID: 28673086 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b05632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Technical hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) mixtures and Lindane (γ-HCH) have been produced in Bitterfeld-Wolfen, Germany, for about 30 years until 1982. In the vicinity of the former dump sites and production facilities, large plumes of HCHs persist within two aquifer systems. We studied the natural attenuation of HCH in these groundwater systems through a combination of enantiomeric and carbon isotope fractionation to characterize the degradation of α-HCH in the areas downstream of a former disposal and production site in Bitterfeld-Wolfen. The concentration and isotope composition of α-HCH from the Quaternary and Tertiary aquifers were analyzed. The carbon isotope compositions were compared to the source signal of waste deposits for the dumpsite and highly contaminated areas. The average value of δ13C at dumpsite was -29.7 ± 0.3 ‰ and -29.0 ± 0.1 ‰ for (-) and (+)α-HCH, respectively, while those for the β-, γ-, δ-HCH isomers were -29.0 ± 0.3 ‰, -29.5 ± 0.4 ‰, and -28.2 ± 0.2 ‰, respectively. In the plume, the enantiomer fraction shifted up to 0.35, from 0.50 at source area to 0.15 (well T1), and was found accompanied by a carbon isotope enrichment of 5 ‰ and 2.9 ‰ for (-) and (+)α-HCH, respectively. The established model for interpreting isotope and enantiomer fractionation patterns showed potential for analyzing the degradation process at a field site with a complex history with respect to contamination and fluctuating geochemical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Liu
- Department Of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre For Environmental Research-UFZ , Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Safdar Bashir
- Department Of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre For Environmental Research-UFZ , Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Reiner Stollberg
- Department Groundwater Remediation, Helmholtz Centre For Environmental Research-UFZ , Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ralf Trabitzsch
- Department Groundwater Remediation, Helmholtz Centre For Environmental Research-UFZ , Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Holger Weiß
- Department Groundwater Remediation, Helmholtz Centre For Environmental Research-UFZ , Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Heidrun Paschke
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ , Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ivonne Nijenhuis
- Department Of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre For Environmental Research-UFZ , Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hans-Hermann Richnow
- Department Of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre For Environmental Research-UFZ , Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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28
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Wijker RS, Zeyer J, Hofstetter TB. Isotope fractionation associated with the simultaneous biodegradation of multiple nitrophenol isomers by Pseudomonas putida B2. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2017; 19:775-784. [PMID: 28470308 DOI: 10.1039/c6em00668j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying the extent of biodegradation of nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) in contaminated soils and sediments is challenging because of competing oxidative and reductive reaction pathways. We have previously shown that the stable isotope fractionation of NACs reveals the routes of degradation even if it is simultaneously caused by different bacteria. However, it is unclear whether compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) can be applied in situations where multiple pollutants are biodegraded by only one microorganism under multi-substrate conditions. Here we examined the C and N isotope fractionation of 2-nitrophenol (2-NP) and 3-nitrophenol (3-NP) during biodegradation by Pseudomonas putida B2 through monooxygenation and partial reductive pathways, respectively, in the presence of single substrates vs. binary substrate mixtures. Laboratory experiments showed that the reduction of 3-NP by Pseudomonas putida B2 is associated with large N and minor C isotope fractionation with C and N isotope enrichment factors, εC and εN, of -0.3 ± 0.1‰ and -22 ± 0.2‰, respectively. The opposite isotope fractionation trends were found for 2-NP monooxygenation. In the simultaneous presence of 2-NP and 3-NP, 2-NP is biodegraded at identical rate constants and εC and εN values (-1.0 ± 0.1‰ and -1.3 ± 0.2‰) to those found for the monooxygenation of 2-NP in single substrate experiments. While the pathway and N isotope fractionation of 3-NP reduction (εN = -24 ± 1.1‰) are independent of the presence of 2-NP, intermediates of 2-NP monooxygenation interfere with 3-NP reduction. Because neither pH, substrate uptake, nor aromatic substituents affected the kinetic isotope effects of nitrophenol biodegradation, our study illustrates that CSIA provides robust scientific evidence for the assessment of natural attenuation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reto S Wijker
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP), ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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30
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Kohli P, Richnow HH, Lal R. Compound-Specific Stable Isotope Analysis: Implications in Hexachlorocyclohexane in-vitro and Field Assessment. Indian J Microbiol 2016; 57:11-22. [PMID: 28148976 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-016-0630-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessment of biotic and abiotic degradation reactions by studying the variation in stable isotopic compositions of organic contaminants in contaminated soil and aquifers is being increasingly considered during the last two decades with development of Compound specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA) technique. CSIA has been recognized as a potential tool for evaluating both qualitative and quantitative degradation with measurement of shifts in isotope ratios of contaminants and their degradation products as its basis. Amongst a wide variety of environmental pollutants including monoaromatics, chlorinated ethenes and benzenes etc., it is only recently that its efficacy is being tested for assessing biodegradation of a noxious pollutant namely hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), by pure microbial cultures as well as directly at the field site. Anticipating the increase in demand of this technique for monitoring the microbial degradation along with natural attenuation, this review highlights the basic problems associated with HCH contamination emphasizing the applicability of emerging CSIA technique to absolve the major bottlenecks in assessment of HCH. To this end, the review also provides a brief overview of this technique with summarizing the recent revelations put forward by both in vitro and in situ studies by CSIA in monitoring HCH biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Kohli
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Hans H Richnow
- Department Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rup Lal
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007 India
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31
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Vogt C, Dorer C, Musat F, Richnow HH. Multi-element isotope fractionation concepts to characterize the biodegradation of hydrocarbons — from enzymes to the environment. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2016; 41:90-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2016.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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32
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Souchier M, Benali-Raclot D, Casellas C, Ingrand V, Chiron S. Enantiomeric fractionation as a tool for quantitative assessment of biodegradation: The case of metoprolol. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 95:19-26. [PMID: 26978718 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An efficient chiral liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry method has been developed for the determination of metoprolol (MTP) and three of its major metabolites, namely O-desmethylmetoprolol (O-DMTP), α-hydroxymetoprolol (α-HMTP) and metoprolol acid (MTPA) in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) influents and effluents. The optimized analytical method has been validated with good quality parameters including resolution >1.3 and method quantification limits down to the ng/L range except for MTPA. On the basis of this newly developed analytical method, the stereochemistry of MTP and its metabolites was studied over time in effluent/sediment biotic and sterile microcosms under dark and light conditions and in influents and effluents of 5 different WWTPs. MTP stereoselective degradation was exclusively observed under biotic conditions, confirming the specificity of enantiomeric fraction variations to biodegradation processes. MTP was always biotransformed into MTPA with a (S)-enantiomer enrichment. The results of enantiomeric enrichment pointed the way for a quantitative assessment of in situ biodegradation processes due to a good fit (R(2) > 0.98) of the aerobic MTP biodegradation to the Rayleigh dependency in all the biotic microcosms and in WWTPs because both MTP enantiomers followed the same biodegradation kinetic profiles. These results demonstrate that enantiomeric fractionation constitutes a very interesting quantitative indicator of MTP biodegradation in WWTPs and probably in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Souchier
- Veolia Recherche et Innovation, Chemin de la digue, BP 76, 78603 Maisons-Laffitte Cedex, France; UMR HydroSciences 5569, Faculté de Pharmacie, 15 Avenue Ch. Flahault, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Dalel Benali-Raclot
- UMR HydroSciences 5569, Faculté de Pharmacie, 15 Avenue Ch. Flahault, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Claude Casellas
- Veolia Recherche et Innovation, Chemin de la digue, BP 76, 78603 Maisons-Laffitte Cedex, France
| | - Valérie Ingrand
- UMR HydroSciences 5569, Faculté de Pharmacie, 15 Avenue Ch. Flahault, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Serge Chiron
- Veolia Recherche et Innovation, Chemin de la digue, BP 76, 78603 Maisons-Laffitte Cedex, France.
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Kümmel S, Starke R, Chen G, Musat F, Richnow HH, Vogt C. Hydrogen Isotope Fractionation As a Tool to Identify Aerobic and Anaerobic PAH Biodegradation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:3091-3100. [PMID: 26855125 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b04819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic and anaerobic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) biodegradation was characterized by compound specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA) of the carbon and hydrogen isotope effects of the enzymatic reactions initiating specific degradation pathways, using naphthalene and 2-methylnaphtalene as model compounds. Aerobic activation of naphthalene and 2-methylnaphthalene by Pseudomonas putida NCIB 9816 and Pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC 17483 containing naphthalene dioxygenases was associated with moderate carbon isotope fractionation (εC = -0.8 ± 0.1‰ to -1.6 ± 0.2‰). In contrast, anaerobic activation of naphthalene by a carboxylation-like mechanism by strain NaphS6 was linked to negligible carbon isotope fractionation (εC = -0.2 ± 0.2‰ to -0.4 ± 0.3‰). Notably, anaerobic activation of naphthalene by strain NaphS6 exhibited a normal hydrogen isotope fractionation (εH = -11 ± 2‰ to -47 ± 4‰), whereas an inverse hydrogen isotope fractionation was observed for the aerobic strains (εH = +15 ± 2‰ to +71 ± 6‰). Additionally, isotope fractionation of NaphS6 was determined in an overlaying hydrophobic carrier phase, resulting in more reliable enrichment factors compared to immobilizing the PAHs on the bottle walls without carrier phase. The observed differences especially in hydrogen fractionation might be used to differentiate between aerobic and anaerobic naphthalene and 2-methylnaphthalene biodegradation pathways at PAH-contaminated field sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Kümmel
- UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research , Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- University of Freiburg , Faculty of Biology, Schaenzlestraße 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert Starke
- UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research , Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gao Chen
- MPI-Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology , Department of Microbiology, Celsiusstrasse 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Florin Musat
- UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research , Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- MPI-Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology , Department of Microbiology, Celsiusstrasse 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Hans H Richnow
- UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research , Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Carsten Vogt
- UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research , Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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von Netzer F, Kuntze K, Vogt C, Richnow HH, Boll M, Lueders T. Functional Gene Markers for Fumarate-Adding and Dearomatizing Key Enzymes in Anaerobic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Degradation in Terrestrial Environments. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 26:180-94. [PMID: 26959523 DOI: 10.1159/000441946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaerobic degradation is a key process in many environments either naturally or anthropogenically exposed to petroleum hydrocarbons. Considerable advances into the biochemistry and physiology of selected anaerobic degraders have been achieved over the last decades, especially for the degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons. However, researchers have only recently begun to explore the ecology of complex anaerobic hydrocarbon degrader communities directly in their natural habitats, as well as in complex laboratory systems using tools of molecular biology. These approaches have mainly been facilitated by the establishment of a suite of targeted marker gene assays, allowing for rapid and directed insights into the diversity as well as the identity of intrinsic degrader populations and degradation potentials established at hydrocarbon-impacted sites. These are based on genes encoding either peripheral or central key enzymes in aromatic compound breakdown, such as fumarate-adding benzylsuccinate synthases or dearomatizing aryl-coenzyme A reductases, or on aromatic ring-cleaving hydrolases. Here, we review recent advances in this field, explain the different detection methodologies applied, and discuss how the detection of site-specific catabolic gene markers has improved the understanding of processes at contaminated sites. Functional marker gene-based strategies may be vital for the development of a more elaborate population-based assessment and prediction of aromatic degradation potentials in hydrocarbon-impacted environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick von Netzer
- Helmholtz Zentrum Mx00FC;nchen - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Neuherberg, Germany
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Bioremediation of Hydrocarbons and Chlorinated Solvents in Groundwater: Characterisation, Design and Performance Assessment. SPRINGER PROTOCOLS HANDBOOKS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/8623_2016_207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Mirza BS, Sorensen DL, Dupont RR, McLean JE. Dehalococcoides abundance and alternate electron acceptor effects on large, flow-through trichloroethene dechlorinating columns. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 100:2367-79. [PMID: 26536878 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7112-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Trichloroethene (TCE) in groundwater is a major health concern and biostimulation/bioaugmentation-based strategies have been evaluated to achieve complete reductive dechlorination with varying success. Different carbon sources were hypothesized to stimulate different extents of TCE reductive dechlorination. Ecological conditions that developed different dechlorination stages were investigated by quantitating Dehalococcoides 16S rRNA (Dhc) and reductive dehalogenase gene abundance, and by describing biogeochemical properties of laboratory columns in response to this biostimulation. Eight large columns (183 cm × 15.2 cm), packed with aquifer material from Hill AFB, Utah, that were continuously fed TCE for 7.5 years. Duplicate columns were biostimulated with whey or one of two different Newman Zone® emulsified oil formulations containing either nonionic surfactant (EOLN) or standard surfactant (EOL). Two columns were non-stimulated controls. Complete (whey amended), partial (EOLN amended), limited (EOL), and non-TCE dehalogenating systems (controls) developed over the course of the study. Bioaugmentation of half of the columns with Bachman Road culture 3 years prior to dismantling did not influence the extent of TCE dehalogenation. Multivariate analysis clustered samples by biostimulation treatments and extent of TCE dehalogenation. Dhc, tceA, and bvcA gene concentrations did not show a consistent relationship with TCE dehalogenation but the vcrA gene was more abundant in completely dehalogenating, whey-treated columns. The whey columns developed strongly reducing conditions producing Fe(II), sulfide, and methane. Biostimulation with different carbon and energy sources can support high concentrations of diverse Dhc, but carbon addition has a major influence on biogeochemical processes effecting the extent of TCE dehalogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babur S Mirza
- Utah Water Research Laboratory, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322-8200, USA
| | - Darwin L Sorensen
- Utah Water Research Laboratory, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322-8200, USA
| | - R Ryan Dupont
- Utah Water Research Laboratory, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322-8200, USA.,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322-8200, USA
| | - Joan E McLean
- Utah Water Research Laboratory, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322-8200, USA. .,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322-8200, USA.
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Kret E, Kiecak A, Malina G, Nijenhuis I, Postawa A. Identification of TCE and PCE sorption and biodegradation parameters in a sandy aquifer for fate and transport modelling: batch and column studies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:9877-9888. [PMID: 25647491 PMCID: PMC4483190 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4156-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The main aim of this study was to determine the sorption and biodegradation parameters of trichloroethene (TCE) and tetrachloroethene (PCE) as input data required for their fate and transport modelling in a Quaternary sandy aquifer. Sorption was determined based on batch and column experiments, while biodegradation was investigated using the compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA). The aquifer materials medium (soil 1) to fine (soil 2) sands and groundwater samples came from the representative profile of the contaminated site (south-east Poland). The sorption isotherms were approximately linear (TCE, soil 1, K d = 0.0016; PCE, soil 1, K d = 0.0051; PCE, soil 2, K d = 0.0069) except for one case in which the best fitting was for the Langmuir isotherm (TCE, soil 2, K f = 0.6493 and S max = 0.0145). The results indicate low retardation coefficients (R) of TCE and PCE; however, somewhat lower values were obtained in batch compared to column experiments. In the column experiments with the presence of both contaminants, TCE influenced sorption of PCE, so that the R values for both compounds were almost two times higher. Non-significant differences in isotope compositions of TCE and PCE measured in the observation points (δ(13)C values within the range of -23.6 ÷ -24.3‰ and -26.3 ÷-27.7‰, respectively) indicate that biodegradation apparently is not an important process contributing to the natural attenuation of these contaminants in the studied sandy aquifer.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kret
- Department of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland,
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Bombach P, Nägele N, Rosell M, Richnow HH, Fischer A. Evaluation of ethyl tert-butyl ether biodegradation in a contaminated aquifer by compound-specific isotope analysis and in situ microcosms. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 286:100-106. [PMID: 25559863 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) is an upcoming groundwater pollutant in Europe whose environmental fate has been less investigated, thus far. In the present study, we investigated the in situ biodegradation of ETBE in a fuel-contaminated aquifer using compound-specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA), and in situ microcosms in combination with total lipid fatty acid (TLFA)-stable isotope probing (SIP). In a first field investigation, CSIA revealed insignificant carbon isotope fractionation, but low hydrogen isotope fractionation of up to +14‰ along the prevailing anoxic ETBE plume suggesting biodegradation of ETBE. Ten months later, oxygen injection was conducted to enhance the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons (PH) at the field site. Within the framework of this remediation measure, in situ microcosms loaded with [(13)C6]-ETBE (BACTRAP(®)s) were exposed for 119 days in selected groundwater wells to assess the biodegradation of ETBE by TLFA-SIP under the following conditions: (i) ETBE as main contaminant; (ii) ETBE as main contaminant subjected to oxygen injection; (iii) ETBE plus other PH; (iv) ETBE plus other PH subjected to oxygen injection. Under all conditions investigated, significant (13)C-incorporation into microbial total lipid fatty acids extracted from the in situ microcosms was found, providing clear evidence of ETBE biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Bombach
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Permoserstrasse 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany; Isodetect GmbH Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5b, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Norbert Nägele
- Kuvier the Biotech Company S.L., Ctra. N-I, p.k. 234-P.E. INBISA 23ª, E-09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Mònica Rosell
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Permoserstrasse 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany; Grup de Mineralogia Aplicada i Medi Ambient, Departament de Cristal·lografia, Mineralogia i Dipòsits Minerals, Facultat de Geologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), C/Martí i Franquès s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hans H Richnow
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Permoserstrasse 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anko Fischer
- Isodetect GmbH Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5b, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Bashir S, Hitzfeld KL, Gehre M, Richnow HH, Fischer A. Evaluating degradation of hexachlorcyclohexane (HCH) isomers within a contaminated aquifer using compound-specific stable carbon isotope analysis (CSIA). WATER RESEARCH 2015; 71:187-196. [PMID: 25617603 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The applicability of compound-specific stable carbon isotope analysis (CSIA) for assessing biodegradation of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers was investigated in a contaminated aquifer at a former pesticide processing facility. A CSIA method was developed and tested for efficacy in determining carbon isotope ratios of HCH isomers in groundwater samples using gas chromatography - isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-IRMS). The carbon isotope ratios of HCHs measured for samples taken from the field site confirmed contaminant source zones at former processing facilities, a storage depot and a waste dump site. The (13)C-enrichment in HCHs provided evidence for biodegradation of HCHs especially downstream of the contaminant source zones. CSIA from monitoring campaigns in 2008, 2009 and 2010 revealed temporal trends in HCH biodegradation. Thus, the impact and progress of natural attenuation processes could be evaluated within the investigated aquifer. Calculations based on the Rayleigh-equation approach yielded levels of HCH biodegradation ranging from 30 to 86 %. Moreover, time- and distance-dependent in situ first-order biodegradation rate constants were estimated with maximal values of 3 × 10(-3) d(-1) and 10 × 10(-3) m(-1) for α-HCH, 11 × 10(-3) d(-1) and 37 × 10(-3) m(-1) for β-HCH, and 6 × 10(-3) d(-1) and 19 × 10(-3) m(-1) for δ-HCH, respectively. This study highlights the applicability of CSIA for the assessment of HCH biodegradation within contaminated aquifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safdar Bashir
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kristina L Hitzfeld
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Gehre
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hans H Richnow
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anko Fischer
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany; Isodetect GmbH - Company for Isotope Monitoring, Deutscher Platz 5b, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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40
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Sutton NB, Atashgahi S, van der Wal J, Wijn G, Grotenhuis T, Smidt H, Rijnaarts HHM. Microbial dynamics during and after in situ chemical oxidation of chlorinated solvents. GROUND WATER 2015; 53:261-270. [PMID: 24898385 DOI: 10.1111/gwat.12209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) followed by a bioremediation step is increasingly being considered as an effective biphasic technology. Information on the impact of chemical oxidants on organohalide respiring bacteria (OHRB), however, is largely lacking. Therefore, we used quantitative PCR (qPCR) to monitor the abundance of OHRB (Dehalococcoides mccartyi, Dehalobacter, Geobacter, and Desulfitobacterium) and reductive dehalogenase genes (rdh; tceA, vcrA, and bvcA) at a field location contaminated with chlorinated solvents prior to and following treatment with sodium persulfate. Natural attenuation of the contaminants tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichloroethene (TCE) observed prior to ISCO was confirmed by the distribution of OHRB and rdh genes. In wells impacted by persulfate treatment, a 1 to 3 order of magnitude reduction in the abundances of OHRB and complete absence of rdh genes was observed 21 days after ISCO. Groundwater acidification (pH<3) and increase in the oxidation reduction potential (>500 mV) due to persulfate treatment were significant and contributed to disruption of the microbial community. In wells only mildly impacted by persulfate, a slight stimulation of the microbial community was observed, with more than 1 order of magnitude increase in the abundance of Geobacter and Desulfitobacterium 36 days after ISCO. After six months, regeneration of the OHRB community occurred, however, neither D. mccartyi nor any rdh genes were observed, indicating extended disruption of biological natural attenuation (NA) capacity following persulfate treatment. For full restoration of biological NA activity, additional time may prove sufficient; otherwise addition electron donor amendment or bioaugmentation may be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora B Sutton
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 10, 6703 HB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Boyd TJ, Montgomery MT, Cuenca RH, Hagimoto Y. Combined radiocarbon and CO2 flux measurements used to determine in situ chlorinated solvent mineralization rate. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2015; 17:683-692. [PMID: 25686305 DOI: 10.1039/c4em00514g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A series of combined measurements was made at the Naval Air Station North Island (NASNI) Installation Restoration Site 5, Unit 2 during July and August 2013. Combined measurements included CO2 respiration rate, CO2 radiocarbon content to estimate chlorinated hydrocarbon (CH) mineralization and a zone of influence (ZOI) model. CO2 was collected continuously over 2 two-week periods by recirculating monitoring well headspace gas through NaOH traps. A series of 12 wells in the main CH plume zone and a background well with no known historical contamination were sampled. The background well CO2 was used to determine radiocarbon content derived from respired natural organic matter. A two end-member mixing model was then used to determine the amount of CH-derived carbon present in the CO2 collected from plume region wells. The ZOI model provided an estimate for the soil volume sampled at each well. CH mineralization rates were highest upgradient and at the plume fringe for areas of high historical contamination and ranged from 0.02 to 5.6 mg CH carbon per day. Using the ZOI model volume estimates, CH-carbon removal ranged from 0.2 to 32 mg CH-carbon m(-3) per day. Because the rate estimates were based on a limited sampling (temporally), they were not further extrapolated to long-term contaminant degradation estimates. However, if the site manager or regulators required them, estimates - subject to long-term variability uncertainties - could be made using volume and rate data determined over short timescales. A more comprehensive seasonal sampling is needed to constrain long-term remediation models for the entire impacted area and identify environmental conditions related to more rapid turnover times amongst the wells.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Boyd
- Marine Biogeochemistry Section, US Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave., SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA.
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Bahr A, Fischer A, Vogt C, Bombach P. Evidence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon biodegradation in a contaminated aquifer by combined application of in situ and laboratory microcosms using (13)C-labelled target compounds. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 69:100-109. [PMID: 25437342 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The number of approaches to evaluate the biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) within contaminated aquifers is limited. Here, we demonstrate the applicability of a novel method based on the combination of in situ and laboratory microcosms using (13)C-labelled PAHs as tracer compounds. The biodegradation of four PAHs (naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene, and acenaphthene) was investigated in an oxic aquifer at the site of a former gas plant. In situ biodegradation of naphthalene and fluorene was demonstrated using in situ microcosms (BACTRAP(®)s). BACTRAP(®)s amended with either [(13)C6]-naphthalene or [(13)C5/(13)C6]-fluorene (50:50) were incubated for a period of over two months in two groundwater wells located at the contaminant source and plume fringe, respectively. Amino acids extracted from BACTRAP(®)-grown cells showed significant (13)C-enrichments with (13)C-fractions of up to 30.4% for naphthalene and 3.8% for fluorene, thus providing evidence for the in situ biodegradation and assimilation of those PAHs at the field site. To quantify the mineralisation of PAHs, laboratory microcosms were set up with BACTRAP(®)-grown cells and groundwater. Naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene, or acenaphthene were added as (13)C-labelled substrates. (13)C-enrichment of the produced CO2 revealed mineralisation of between 5.9% and 19.7% for fluorene, between 11.1% and 35.1% for acenaphthene, between 14.2% and 33.1% for phenanthrene, and up to 37.0% for naphthalene over a period of 62 days. Observed PAH mineralisation rates ranged between 17 μg L(-1) d(-1) and 1639 μg L(-1) d(-1). The novel approach combining in situ and laboratory microcosms allowed a comprehensive evaluation of PAH biodegradation at the investigated field site, revealing the method's potential for the assessment of PAH degradation within contaminated aquifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Bahr
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anko Fischer
- Isodetect GmbH, Deutscher Platz 5b, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Carsten Vogt
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Petra Bombach
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Isodetect GmbH, Deutscher Platz 5b, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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Relating mRNA and protein biomarker levels in a Dehalococcoides and Methanospirillum-containing community. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 99:2313-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6220-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Dorer C, Vogt C, Kleinsteuber S, Stams AJM, Richnow HH. Compound-specific isotope analysis as a tool to characterize biodegradation of ethylbenzene. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:9122-32. [PMID: 24971724 DOI: 10.1021/es500282t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This study applied one- and two-dimensional compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) for the elements carbon and hydrogen to assess different means of microbial ethylbenzene activation. Cultures incubated under nitrate-reducing conditions showed significant carbon and highly pronounced hydrogen isotope fractionation of comparable magnitudes, leading to nearly identical slopes in dual-isotope plots. The results imply that Georgfuchsia toluolica G5G6 and an enrichment culture dominated by an Azoarcus species activate ethylbenzene by anaerobic hydroxylation catalyzed by ethylbenzene dehydrogenase, similar to Aromatoleum aromaticum EbN1. The isotope enrichment pattern in dual plots from two strictly anaerobic enrichment cultures differed considerably from those for benzylic hydroxylation, indicating an alternative anaerobic activation step, most likely fumarate addition. Large hydrogen fractionation was quantified using a recently developed Rayleigh-based approach considering hydrogen atoms at reactive sites. Data from nine investigated microbial cultures clearly suggest that two-dimensional CSIA in combination with the magnitude of hydrogen isotope fractionation is a valuable tool to distinguish ethylbenzene degradation and may be of practical use for monitoring natural or technological remediation processes at field sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrad Dorer
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry and §Department of Environmental Microbiology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research , Permoserstrasse 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
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Yan Z, Bouwer EJ, Hilpert M. Coupled effects of chemotaxis and growth on traveling bacterial waves. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2014; 164:138-152. [PMID: 24984293 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Traveling bacterial waves are capable of improving contaminant remediation in the subsurface. It is fairly well understood how bacterial chemotaxis and growth separately affect the formation and propagation of such waves. However, their interaction is not well understood. We therefore perform a modeling study to investigate the coupled effects of chemotaxis and growth on bacterial migration, and examine their effects on contaminant remediation. We study the waves by using different initial electron acceptor concentrations for different bacteria and substrate systems. Three types of traveling waves can occur: a chemotactic wave due to the biased movement of chemotactic bacteria resulting from metabolism-generated substrate concentration gradients; a growth/decay/motility wave due to a dynamic equilibrium between bacterial growth, decay and random motility; and an integrated wave due to the interaction between bacterial chemotaxis and growth. Chemotaxis hardly enhances the bacterial propagation if it is too weak to form a chemotactic wave or its wave speed is less than half of the growth/decay/motility wave speed. However, chemotaxis significantly accelerates bacterial propagation once its wave speed exceeds the growth/decay/motility wave speed. When convection occurs, it speeds up the growth/decay/motility wave but slows down or even eliminates the chemotactic wave due to the dispersion. Bacterial survival proves particularly important for bacterial propagation. Therefore we develop a conceptual model to estimate the speed of growth/decay/motility waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Yan
- Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
| | - Edward J Bouwer
- Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Markus Hilpert
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Imfeld G, Kopinke FD, Fischer A, Richnow HH. Carbon and hydrogen isotope fractionation of benzene and toluene during hydrophobic sorption in multistep batch experiments. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 107:454-461. [PMID: 24726480 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The application of compound-specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA) for evaluating degradation of organic pollutants in the field implies that other processes affecting pollutant concentration are minor with respect to isotope fractionation. Sorption is associated with minor isotope fractionation and pollutants may undergo successive sorption-desorption steps during their migration in aquifers. However, little is known about isotope fractionation of BTEX compounds after consecutive sorption steps. Here, we show that partitioning of benzene and toluene between water and organic sorbents (i.e. 1-octanol, dichloromethane, cyclohexane, hexanoic acid and Amberlite XAD-2) generally exhibits very small carbon and hydrogen isotope effects in multistep batch experiments. However, carbon and hydrogen isotope fractionation was observed for the benzene-octanol pair after several sorption steps (Δδ(13)C=1.6 ± 0.3‰ and Δδ(2)H=88 ± 3‰), yielding isotope fractionation factors of αC=1.0030 ± 0.0005 and αH=1.195 ± 0.026. Our results indicate that the cumulative effect of successive hydrophobic partitioning steps in an aquifer generally results in insignificant isotope fractionation for benzene and toluene. However, significant carbon and hydrogen isotope fractionation cannot be excluded for specific sorbate-sorbent pairs, such as sorbates with π-electrons and sorbents with OH-groups. Consequently, functional groups of sedimentary organic matter (SOM) may specifically interact with BTEX compounds migrating in an aquifer, thereby resulting in potentially relevant isotope fractionation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Imfeld
- Laboratory of Hydrology and Geochemistry of Strasbourg (LHyGeS), University of Strasbourg/ENGEES, UMR 7517 CNRS, France.
| | - F-D Kopinke
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig D-04318, Germany
| | - A Fischer
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig D-04318, Germany; Isodetect - Company for Isotope Monitoring, Leipzig D-04103, Germany
| | - H-H Richnow
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig D-04318, Germany
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47
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Liu Y, Gan Y, Zhou A, Liu C, Li X, Yu T. Carbon and chlorine isotope fractionation during Fenton-like degradation of trichloroethene. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 107:94-100. [PMID: 24875875 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Dual isotope approach has been proposed as a viable tool for characterizing and assessing in situ contaminant transformation, however, little data is currently available on its applicability to chlorinated ethenes. This study determined carbon and chlorine isotope fractionation during Fenton-like degradation of trichloroethene (TCE). Carbon and chlorine isotope enrichment factors were εC=-2.9 ± 0.3‰ and εCl=-0.9 ± 0.1‰, respectively. An observed small secondary chlorine isotope effect (AKIECl=1.001) was consistent with an initial transformation by adding hydroxyl radicals (OH) to CC bonds without cleavage of CCl bonds. The relative change in carbon and chlorine isotope ratios (Δ=Δδ(13)C/Δδ(37)Cl) was calculated to be 3.1 ± 0.2, approximately equal to the ratio of chlorine and carbon isotope enrichment factors (εC/εCl=3.2). The similarity of the Δ (or εC/εCl) values between Fenton-like degradation and microbial reductive dechlorination of TCE was observed, indicating that application of solely dual isotope approach may be limited in distinguishing the two transformation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunde Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Yiqun Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Aiguo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Cunfu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Tingting Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
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48
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Schurig C, Miltner A, Kaestner M. Hexadecane and pristane degradation potential at the level of the aquifer--evidence from sediment incubations compared to in situ microcosms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:9081-9094. [PMID: 24522398 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2601-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Monitored natural attenuation is widely accepted as a sustainable remediation method. However, methods providing proof of proceeding natural attenuation within the water-unsaturated (vadose) zone are still relying on proxies such as measurements of reactive and non-reactive gases, or sediment sampling and subsequent mineralisation assays, under artificial conditions in the laboratory. In particular, at field sites contaminated with hydrophobic compounds, e.g. crude oil spills, an in situ evaluation of natural attenuation is needed, because in situ methods are assumed to provide less bias than investigations applying either proxies for biodegradation or off-site microcosm experiments. In order to compare the current toolbox of methods with the recently developed in situ microcosms, incubations with direct push-sampled sediments from the vadose and the aquifer zones of a site contaminated with crude oil were carried out in conventional microcosms and in situ microcosms. The results demonstrate the applicability of the in situ microcosm approach also outside water-saturated aquifer conditions in the vadose zone. The sediment incubation experiments demonstrated turnover rates in a similar range (vadose, 4.7 mg/kg*day; aquifer, 6.4 mghexadecane/kgsoil/day) of hexadecane degradation in the vadose zone and the aquifer, although mediated by slightly different microbial communities according to the analysis of fatty acid patterns and amounts. Additional experiments had the task of evaluating the degradation potential for the branched-chain alkane pristane (2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecane). Although this compound is regarded to be hardly degradable in comparison to n-alkanes and is thus frequently used as a reference parameter for indexing the extent of biodegradation of crude oils, it could be shown to be degraded by means of the incubation experiments. Thus, the site had a high inherent potential for natural attenuation of crude oils both in the vadose zone and the aquifer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schurig
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany,
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49
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Li H, Pan G. Enhanced and continued degradation of microcystins using microorganisms obtained through natural media. J Microbiol Methods 2013; 96:73-80. [PMID: 24246232 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms isolated through artificial media are often unsustainable in biodegrading microcystins (MCs) in natural water. Here we studied alternative approaches to isolate MCs-degrading bacteria using natural media. In comparison to two species (MS-1 and MS-2) isolated from artificial media and the failure of bacterial colonies formation using water extracts of sediment (10%, w/v), five colony species (WC-1 to WC-5) appeared using concentrated water extracts of sediment that is 10-fold enhancement of nutrient level. In the simulated biodegradation test in Lake Taihu water with continuous supply of MCs, a lag phase of 6days was required for MS-1 and M-2 to degrade 13% and 15% of the added MC-RR and MC-LR, respectively, whereas the lag phase was only 3days with approximately 44% and 31% removal of the added MC-RR and MC-LR by WC-1 to WC-5. During the continuous supply experiment, degradation of MCs by MS-1 and MS-2 stopped after 3days, while degradation of MCs by WC-1 to WC-5 lasted continuously throughout the 18day test period with 2 to 6-fold enhancement of removal rate. 16S rRNA gene sequences and phylogenetic analysis indicated the potential to amplify species of MCs-degrading bacteria when natural media were used. The results suggested that the increased adaptability of bacteria obtained through concentrated natural media was responsible for the enhanced and continued biodegradation under simulated natural water conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Pan
- Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China.
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Harding KC, Lee PKH, Bill M, Buscheck TE, Conrad ME, Alvarez-Cohen L. Effects of varying growth conditions on stable carbon isotope fractionation of trichloroethene (TCE) by tceA-containing Dehalococcoides mccartyi strains. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:12342-12350. [PMID: 24015929 DOI: 10.1021/es402617q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
To quantify in situ bioremediation using compound specific isotope analysis (CSIA), isotope fractionation data obtained from the field is interpreted according to laboratory-derived enrichment factors. Although previous studies that have quantified dynamic isotopic shifts during the reductive dechlorination of trichloroethene (TCE) indicate that fractionation factors can be highly variable from culture-to-culture and site-to-site, the effects of growth condition on the isotope fractionation during reductive dechlorination have not been previously examined. Here, carbon isotope fractionation by Dehalococcoides mccartyi 195 (Dhc195) maintained under a variety of growth conditions was examined. Enrichment factors quantified when Dhc195 was subjected to four suboptimal growth conditions, including decreased temperature (-13.3 ± 0.9‰), trace vitamin B12 availability (-12.7 ± 1.0‰), limited fixed nitrogen (-14.4 ± 0.8‰), and elevated vinyl chloride exposure (-12.5 ± 0.4‰), indicate that the fractionation is similar across a range of tested conditions. The TCE enrichment factors for two syntrophic cocultures, Dhc195 with Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough (-13.0 ± 2.0‰) and Dhc195 with Syntrophomonas wolfei (-10.4 ± 1.2‰ and -13.3 ± 1.0‰), were also similar to a control experiment. In order to test the stability of enrichment factors in microbial communities, the isotope fractionation was quantified for Dhc-containing groundwater communities before and after two-year enrichment periods under different growth conditions. Although these enrichment factors (-8.9 ± 0.4‰, -6.8 ± 0.8‰, -8.7 ± 1.3‰, -9.4 ± 0.7‰, and -7.2 ± 0.3‰) were predominantly outside the range of values quantified for the isolate and cocultures, all tested enrichment conditions within the communities produced nearly similar fractionations. Enrichment factors were not significantly affected by changes in any of the tested growth conditions for the pure cultures, cocultures or the mixed communities, indicating that despite a variety of temperature, nutrient, and cofactor-limiting conditions, stable carbon isotope fractionations remain consistent for given Dehalococcoides cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie C Harding
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California Berkeley , Berkeley, California 94720-1710, United States
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