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Li M, Zhou J, Li Y, Zhu G, Hu Z, Liu S, Han B, Zhao H, Liang Y, Liu D, Xu D, Li J. Enhanced antibacterial and corrosion resistance of copper-containing 2205 duplex stainless steel against the corrosive bacterium Shewanella algae. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 160:108768. [PMID: 38897000 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2024.108768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
2205 DSS is an excellent corrosion-resistant engineering metal material, but it is still threatened by microbiological corrosion. The addition of copper elements is a new approach to improving the resistance of 2205 DSS to microbiological corrosion. In this study, 2205-Cu DSS was compared with 2205 DSS to study its antimicrobial properties and resistance to microbiological corrosion in the presence of the electroactive bacterium Shewanella algae. The results showed that compared to 2205 DSS, the biofilm thickness and the number of live bacteria on the surface of 2205-Cu DSS were significantly reduced, demonstrating excellent antimicrobial properties against S. algae. Electrochemical tests and surface morphology characterization results showed that the corrosion rate and pitting of 2205-Cu DSS by S. algae were lower than that of 2205 DSS, indicating better resistance to microbiological corrosion. The good antimicrobial properties and resistance to microbiological corrosion exhibited by 2205-Cu DSS are attributed to the contact antimicrobial properties of copper elements in the 2205-Cu DSS matrix and the release of copper ions for antimicrobial effects. This study provides a new strategy for combating microbiological corrosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mankun Li
- Hebei Short Process Steelmaking Technology Innovation Center, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Junye Zhou
- Hebei Short Process Steelmaking Technology Innovation Center, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Yaqiang Li
- Department of Automotive Engineering, Hebei Vocational University of Technology and Engineering, Xingtai 054000, Hebei, China; Hebei Surpass Technology Research Center, Xingtai 054000, Hebei, China
| | - Guangqian Zhu
- Department of Automotive Engineering, Hebei Vocational University of Technology and Engineering, Xingtai 054000, Hebei, China; Hebei Surpass Technology Research Center, Xingtai 054000, Hebei, China
| | - Zishuai Hu
- Hebei Short Process Steelmaking Technology Innovation Center, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Shijia Liu
- Hebei Short Process Steelmaking Technology Innovation Center, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Baochen Han
- Hebei Short Process Steelmaking Technology Innovation Center, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Hanyu Zhao
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yongmei Liang
- Hebei Short Process Steelmaking Technology Innovation Center, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Hebei Short Process Steelmaking Technology Innovation Center, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050000, China.
| | - Dake Xu
- Corrosion and Protection Division, Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
| | - Jianhui Li
- Hebei Short Process Steelmaking Technology Innovation Center, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050000, China.
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Grivalský T, Lakatos GE, Štěrbová K, Manoel JAC, Beloša R, Divoká P, Kopp J, Kriechbaum R, Spadiut O, Zwirzitz A, Trenzinger K, Masojídek J. Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate production by Synechocystis MT_a24 in a raceway pond using urban wastewater. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:44. [PMID: 38180554 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12924-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a potential source of biodegradable plastics that are environmentally friendly due to their complete degradation to water and carbon dioxide. This study aimed to investigate PHB production in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6714 MT_a24 in an outdoor bioreactor using urban wastewater as a sole nutrient source. The culture was grown in a thin-layer raceway pond with a working volume of 100 L, reaching a biomass density of up to 3.5 g L-1 of cell dry weight (CDW). The maximum PHB content was found under nutrient-limiting conditions in the late stationary phase, reaching 23.7 ± 2.2% PHB per CDW. These data are one of the highest reported for photosynthetic production of PHB by cyanobacteria, moreover using urban wastewater in pilot-scale cultivation which multiplies the potential of sustainable cultivation approaches. Contamination by grazers (Poterioochromonas malhamensis) was managed by culturing Synechocystis in a highly alkaline environment (pH about 10.5) which did not significantly affect the culture growth. Furthermore, the strain MT_a24 showed significant wastewater nutrient remediation removing about 72% of nitrogen and 67% of phosphorus. These trials demonstrate that the photosynthetic production of PHB by Synechocystis sp. PCC6714 MT_a24 in the outdoor thin-layer bioreactor using urban wastewater and ambient carbon dioxide. It shows a promising approach for the cost-effective and sustainable production of biodegradable carbon-negative plastics. KEY POINTS: • High PHB production by cyanobacteria in outdoor raceway pond • Urban wastewater used as a sole source of nutrients for phototrophic growth • Potential for cost-effective and sustainable production of biodegradable plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Grivalský
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Laboratory of Algal Biotechnology, Novohradská 237, Třeboň, Czech Republic.
| | - Gergely Ernő Lakatos
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Laboratory of Algal Biotechnology, Novohradská 237, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Karolína Štěrbová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Laboratory of Algal Biotechnology, Novohradská 237, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - João Artur Câmara Manoel
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Laboratory of Algal Biotechnology, Novohradská 237, Třeboň, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1645/31a, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Romana Beloša
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Laboratory of Algal Biotechnology, Novohradská 237, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Divoká
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Laboratory of Algal Biotechnology, Novohradská 237, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Julian Kopp
- Technische Universität Wien, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Getreidemarkt 9, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ricarda Kriechbaum
- Technische Universität Wien, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Getreidemarkt 9, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Spadiut
- Technische Universität Wien, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Getreidemarkt 9, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Zwirzitz
- Biosciences Research Group, University of Applied Sciences, Stelzhamerstraße 23, Wels, Austria
| | - Kevin Trenzinger
- Biosciences Research Group, University of Applied Sciences, Stelzhamerstraße 23, Wels, Austria
| | - Jiří Masojídek
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Laboratory of Algal Biotechnology, Novohradská 237, Třeboň, Czech Republic
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3
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Pandey S, Kannaujiya VK. Bacterial extracellular biopolymers: Eco-diversification, biosynthesis, technological development and commercial applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 279:135261. [PMID: 39244116 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic polymers have been widely thriving as mega industries at a commercial scale in various commercial sectors over the last few decades. The extensive use of synthetic polymers has caused several negative repercussions on the health of humans and the environment. Recently, biopolymers have gained more attention among scientists of different disciplines by their potential therapeutic and commercial applications. Biopolymers are chain-like repeating units of molecules isolated from green sources. They are self-degradable, biocompatible, and non-toxic in nature. Recently, eco-friendly biopolymers such as extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) have received much attention for their wide applications in the fields of emulsification, flocculation, preservatives, wastewater treatment, nanomaterial functionalization, drug delivery, cosmetics, glycomics, medicinal chemistry, and purification technology. The dynamicity of applications has raised the industrial and consumer demands to cater to the needs of mankind. This review deals with current insights and highlights on database surveys, potential sources, classification, extremophilic EPSs, bioprospecting, patents, microenvironment stability, biosynthesis, and genetic advances for production of high valued ecofriendly polymers. The importance of high valued EPSs in commercial and industrial applications in the global market economy is also summarized. This review concludes with future perspectives and commercial applications for the well-being of humanity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumi Pandey
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Vinod K Kannaujiya
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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Haavisto V, Landry Z, Pontrelli S. High-throughput profiling of metabolic responses to exogenous nutrients in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. mSystems 2024; 9:e0022724. [PMID: 38534128 PMCID: PMC11019784 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00227-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria fix carbon dioxide and release carbon-containing compounds into the wider ecosystem, yet they are sensitive to small metabolites that may impact their growth and physiology. Several cyanobacteria can grow mixotrophically, but we currently lack a molecular understanding of how specific nutrients may alter the compounds they release, limiting our knowledge of how environmental factors might impact primary producers and the ecosystems they support. In this study, we develop a high-throughput phytoplankton culturing platform and identify how the model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 responds to nutrient supplementation. We assess growth responses to 32 nutrients at two concentrations, identifying 15 that are utilized mixotrophically. Seven nutrient sources significantly enhance growth, while 19 elicit negative growth responses at one or both concentrations. High-throughput exometabolomics indicates that oxidative stress limits Synechocystis' growth but may be alleviated by antioxidant metabolites. Furthermore, glucose and valine induce strong changes in metabolite exudation in a possible effort to correct pathway imbalances or maintain intracellular elemental ratios. This study sheds light on the flexibility and limits of cyanobacterial physiology and metabolism, as well as how primary production and trophic food webs may be modulated by exogenous nutrients.IMPORTANCECyanobacteria capture and release carbon compounds to fuel microbial food webs, yet we lack a comprehensive understanding of how external nutrients modify their behavior and what they produce. We developed a high throughput culturing platform to evaluate how the model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 responds to a broad panel of externally supplied nutrients. We found that growth may be enhanced by metabolites that protect against oxidative stress, and growth and exudate profiles are altered by metabolites that interfere with central carbon metabolism and elemental ratios. This work contributes a holistic perspective of the versatile response of Synechocystis to externally supplied nutrients, which may alter carbon flux into the wider ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilhelmiina Haavisto
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Zachary Landry
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sammy Pontrelli
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Soudagar MEM, Kiong TS, Jathar L, Nik Ghazali NN, Ramesh S, Awasarmol U, Ong HC. Perspectives on cultivation and harvesting technologies of microalgae, towards environmental sustainability and life cycle analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 353:141540. [PMID: 38423144 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The development of algae is seen as a potential and ecologically sound approach to address the increasing demands in multiple sectors. However, successful implementation of processes is highly dependent on effective growing and harvesting methods. The present study provides a complete examination of contemporary techniques employed in the production and harvesting of algae, with a particular emphasis on their sustainability. The review begins by examining several culture strategies, encompassing open ponds, closed photobioreactors, and raceway ponds. The analysis of each method is conducted in a systematic manner, with a particular focus on highlighting their advantages, limitations, and potential for expansion. This approach ensures that the conversation is in line with the objectives of sustainability. Moreover, this study explores essential elements of algae harvesting, including the processes of cell separation, dewatering, and biomass extraction. Traditional methods such as centrifugation, filtration, and sedimentation are examined in conjunction with novel, environmentally concerned strategies including flocculation, electro-coagulation, and membrane filtration. It evaluates the impacts on the environment that are caused by the cultivation process, including the usage of water and land, the use of energy, the production of carbon dioxide, and the runoff of nutrients. Furthermore, this study presents a thorough examination of the current body of research pertaining to Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) studies, presenting a perspective that emphasizes sustainability in the context of algae harvesting systems. In conclusion, the analysis ends up with an examination ahead at potential areas for future study in the cultivation and harvesting of algae. This review is an essential guide for scientists, policymakers, and industry experts associated with the advancement and implementation of algae-based technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzoore Elahi M Soudagar
- Institute of Sustainable Energy (ISE), Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand - 248002, India; Environmental and Atmospheric Sciences Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Nasiriyah, 64001, Iraq.
| | - Tiong Sieh Kiong
- Institute of Sustainable Energy (ISE), Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Laxmikant Jathar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Army Institute of Technology, Pune, 411015, India.
| | - Nik Nazri Nik Ghazali
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - S Ramesh
- Institute of Sustainable Energy (ISE), Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Umesh Awasarmol
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Army Institute of Technology, Pune, 411015, India.
| | - Hwai Chyuan Ong
- Department of Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Zhang T, Zhang D, Mkandawire V, Feng A. Quantitative modelling reservoir microalgae proliferation in response to water-soluble anions and cations influx. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 397:130451. [PMID: 38369079 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Atmospheric precipitation deposits acid-forming substances into surface water. However, the effects of water-soluble components on microalgae proliferation are poorly understood. This study analysed the growth characteristics of three microalgae bioindicators of water quality: Scenedesmus quadricauda, Chlorella vulgaris, and Scenedesmus obliquus, adopting on-site monitoring, culture experiments simulating 96 types of water by supplementing anions and cations, and predictive modelling. The result quantified pH > 3.0 rain with dominant Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+ cations, together with anions of NO3- and SO42-. The presence of Ca2+ of up to 0.1 mM and Mg2+ concentrations (>0.5 mM) suppressed Scenedesmus quadricauda growth. Soluble ions, luminosity, and pH had significant impacts (p ≤ 0.01) on increased microalgae proliferation. A newly proposed microalgae growth model predicted a 10.7-fold increase in cell density six days post-incubation in the case of rainfall. The modelling supports algal outbreaks and delays prediction during regional water cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- College of Civil Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin 123000, China.
| | - Dingqiang Zhang
- College of Civil Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin 123000, China
| | | | - Aiguo Feng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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7
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Toda N, Inoue-Kashino N, Fujita H, Yoshida R, Nimura-Matsune K, Watanabe S, Kuroda A, Kashino Y, Hirota R. Cell morphology engineering enhances grazing resistance of Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 for non-sterile large-scale cultivation. J Biosci Bioeng 2024; 137:245-253. [PMID: 38336581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
In the practical scale of cyanobacterial cultivation, the golden algae Poterioochromonas malhamensis is a well-known predator that causes devastating damage to the culture, referred to as pond crash. The establishment and maintenance of monoculture conditions are ideal for large-scale cultures. However, this is a difficult challenge because microbial contamination is unavoidable in practical-scale culture facilities. In the present study, we unexpectedly observed the pond crash phenomenon during the pilot-scale cultivation of Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 using a 100-L photobioreactor. This was due to the contamination with P. malhamensis, which probably originated from residual fouling. Interestingly, we found that S.elongatus PCC 7942 can alter its morphological structure when subjected to continuous grazing pressure from predators, resulting in cells that were more than 100 times longer than those of the wild-type strain. These hyper-elongated S.elongatus PCC 7942 cells had mutations in the genes encoding FtsZ or Ftn2 which are involved in bacterial cell division. Importantly, the elongated phenotype remained stable during cultivation, enabling S.elongatus PCC 7942 to thrive and resist grazing. The cultivation of the elongated S.elongatus PCC 7942 mutant strain in a 100-L pilot-scale photobioreactor under non-sterile conditions resulted in increased cyanobacterial biomass without encountering pond crash. This study demonstrates an efficient strategy for cyanobacterial cell culture in practical-scale bioreactors without the need for extensive decontamination or sterilization of the growth medium and culture facility, which can contribute to economically viable cultivation and bioprocessing of microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narumi Toda
- Unit of Biotechnology, Division of Biological and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
| | - Natsuko Inoue-Kashino
- Graduate School of Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Koto, Kamigori, Ako-gun, Hyogo, 678-1297, Japan
| | - Hazaya Fujita
- Graduate School of Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Koto, Kamigori, Ako-gun, Hyogo, 678-1297, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Yoshida
- Unit of Biotechnology, Division of Biological and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
| | - Kaori Nimura-Matsune
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Satoru Watanabe
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Akio Kuroda
- Unit of Biotechnology, Division of Biological and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan; Seto Inland Sea Carbon-neutral Research Center, Hiroshima University, 2445 Mukaishima-cho, Onomichi, Hiroshima 722-0073, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kashino
- Graduate School of Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Koto, Kamigori, Ako-gun, Hyogo, 678-1297, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Hirota
- Unit of Biotechnology, Division of Biological and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan; Seto Inland Sea Carbon-neutral Research Center, Hiroshima University, 2445 Mukaishima-cho, Onomichi, Hiroshima 722-0073, Japan.
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Usai G, Cordara A, Mazzocchi E, Re A, Fino D, Pirri CF, Menin B. Coupling dairy wastewaters for nutritional balancing and water recycling: sustainable heterologous 2-phenylethanol production by engineered cyanobacteria. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1359032. [PMID: 38497052 PMCID: PMC10940361 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1359032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Microalgae biotechnology is hampered by the high production costs and the massive usage of water during large-volume cultivations. These drawbacks can be softened by the production of high-value compounds and by adopting metabolic engineering strategies to improve their performances and productivity. Today, the most sustainable approach is the exploitation of industrial wastewaters for microalgae cultivation, which couples valuable biomass production with water resource recovery. Among the food processing sectors, the dairy industry generates the largest volume of wastewaters through the manufacturing process. These effluents are typically rich in dissolved organic matter and nutrients, which make it a challenging and expensive waste stream for companies to manage. Nevertheless, these rich wastewaters represent an appealing resource for microalgal biotechnology. In this study, we propose a sustainable approach for high-value compound production from dairy wastewaters through cyanobacteria. This strategy is based on a metabolically engineered strain of the model cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 (already published elsewhere) for 2-phenylethanol (2-PE). 2-PE is a high-value aromatic compound that is widely employed as a fragrance in the food and cosmetics industry thanks to its pleasant floral scent. First, we qualitatively assessed the impact of four dairy effluents on cyanobacterial growth to identify the most promising substrates. Both tank-washing water and the liquid effluent of exhausted sludge resulted as suitable nutrient sources. Thus, we created an ideal buffer system by combining the two wastewaters while simultaneously providing balanced nutrition and completely avoiding the need for fresh water. The combination of 75% liquid effluent of exhausted sludge and 25% tank-washing water with a fine-tuning ammonium supplementation yielded 180 mg L-1 of 2-PE and a biomass concentration of 0.6 gDW L-1 within 10 days. The mixture of 90% exhausted sludge and 10% washing water produced the highest yield of 2-PE (205 mg L-1) and biomass accumulation (0.7 gDW L-1), although in 16 days. Through these treatments, the phosphates were completely consumed, and nitrogen was removed in a range of 74%-77%. Overall, our approach significantly valorized water recycling and the exploitation of valuable wastewaters to circularly produce marketable compounds via microalgae biotechnology, laying a promising groundwork for subsequent implementation and scale-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Usai
- Centre for Sustainable Future Technologies, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Turin, Italy
- Department of Applied Science and Technology—DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cordara
- Centre for Sustainable Future Technologies, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Turin, Italy
- Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering—DIATI, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Mazzocchi
- Centre for Sustainable Future Technologies, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Turin, Italy
- Department of Applied Science and Technology—DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Angela Re
- Department of Applied Science and Technology—DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Debora Fino
- Department of Applied Science and Technology—DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Candido Fabrizio Pirri
- Centre for Sustainable Future Technologies, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Turin, Italy
- Department of Applied Science and Technology—DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Barbara Menin
- Centre for Sustainable Future Technologies, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Turin, Italy
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche IBBA-CNR, Milan, Italy
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9
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Zafar AM, Aly Hassan A. Seawater biodesalination treatment using Phormidium keutzingianum in attached growth-packed bed continuous flow stirred tank reactor. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 236:116784. [PMID: 37517498 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Water scarcity is increasing worldwide due to rising population which is creating opportunities to unlock alternative green desalination techniques for seawater, such as biodesalination. Therefore, this study presents the utilization of the Phormidium keutzingianum strain in an attached growth-packed bed reactor to treat seawater in real-time in a continuous-flow stirred tank reactor for biodesalination. Two reactors were designed and developed, in which zeolites were used as the support media for the attached growth. The experiment was conducted in an open outdoor environment with a continuous air flow rate of 3 mL/min and two hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 7 and 15 d. Parameters such as the pH, chloride ion concentration, total organic carbon (TOC), and optical density were monitored regularly. The pH change was not significant in either reactor and remained within the range of 7.25-8.0. Chloride ion removal was the most crucial component of biodesalination efficiency, with d 7 removal efficiencies of approximately 40% and 32% for reactors 1 and 2, respectively. Reactor 1 exhibited a TOC reduction of 36% within the first 10 d at a HRT of 7, and when the HRT was set to 15 d, a TOC removal efficiency of 89% was achieved on d 53. For reactor 2, a TOC removal efficiency of approximately 81% was achieved on d 11 at HRT 7, and it reduced to less than 50% at an HRT of 15. The chloride ion and TOC removal phenomena were similar in both reactors. The optical density (OD) showed low measurement recordings, ranging from 0.005 to 0.01, indicating low cell detachment in the seawater effluent. Therefore, using the attached growth method for the biodesalination of seawater is feasible. Furthermore, biomass harvesting in attached growth systems is easier than that in suspension growth systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Mannan Zafar
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, 15551, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Ashraf Aly Hassan
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, 15551, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; National Water and Energy Center (NWEC), United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, 15551, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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10
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Imbimbo P, D’Elia L, Corrado I, Alvarez-Rivera G, Marzocchella A, Ibáñez E, Pezzella C, Branco dos Santos F, Monti DM. An Alternative Exploitation of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803: A Cascade Approach for the Recovery of High Added-Value Products. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073144. [PMID: 37049907 PMCID: PMC10095798 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgal biomass represents a very interesting biological feedstock to be converted into several high-value products in a biorefinery approach. In this study, the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 was used to obtain different classes of molecules: proteins, carotenoids and lipids by using a cascade approach. In particular, the protein extract showed a selective cytotoxicity towards cancer cells, whereas carotenoids were found to be active as antioxidants both in vitro and on a cell-based model. Finally, for the first time, lipids were recovered from Synechocystis biomass as the last class of molecules and were successfully used as an alternative substrate for the production of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) by the native PHA producer Pseudomonas resinovorans. Taken together, our results lead to a significant increase in the valorization of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 biomass, thus allowing a possible offsetting of the process costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Imbimbo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi D’Elia
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Iolanda Corrado
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Gerardo Alvarez-Rivera
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC, Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Marzocchella
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Ibáñez
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC, Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cinzia Pezzella
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Filipe Branco dos Santos
- Molecular Microbial Physiology Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daria Maria Monti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
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11
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Yang HE, Yu BS, Sim SJ. Enhanced astaxanthin production of Haematococcus pluvialis strains induced salt and high light resistance with gamma irradiation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 372:128651. [PMID: 36682476 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to increase the productivity of biomass that contains high astaxanthin content by developing a mutant Haematococcus pluvialis strain with strong environmental tolerance. H. pluvialis has a low cell-growth rate and is vulnerable to stressors such as salinity or light intensity, which may hinder large-scale commercial cultivation. A mutant M5 strain selected through 5000-Gy gamma irradiation showed improved biomass and astaxanthin production under high-salinity and high-light intensity conditions. With enhanced SOD activity and overexpressed astaxanthin biosynthesis genes (lyc, crtR-b, bkt2), M5 demonstrated an increase in biomass and astaxanthin productivity by 86.70 % and 66.15 %, respectively compared to those of untreated cells. Also, the omega-3 content of M5 increased by 149.44 % under 40 mM CaCl2 compared to the untreated cells. Finally, even when subjected to high-intensity light irradiation for the whole life cycle, the biomass and astaxanthin concentration increased by 84.99 % and 241 %, respectively, compared to the wild-type cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Eun Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Sun Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jun Sim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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12
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cKMT1 is a new lysine methyltransferase that methylates the ferredoxin-NADP(+) oxidoreductase (FNR) and regulates energy transfer in cyanobacteria. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100521. [PMID: 36858286 PMCID: PMC10090440 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysine methylation is a conserved and dynamic regulatory post-translational modification performed by lysine methyltransferases (KMTs). KMTs catalyze the transfer of mono-, di-, or tri-methyl groups to substrate proteins and play a critical regulatory role in all domains of life. To date, only one KMT has been identified in cyanobacteria. Here, we tested all of the predicted KMTs in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (Synechocystis), and we biochemically characterized sll1526 that we termed cKMT1 (cyanobacterial lysine methyltransferase 1), and determined that it can catalyze lysine methylation both in vivo and in vitro. Loss of cKMT1 alters photosynthetic electron transfer in Synechocystis. We analyzed cKMT1-regulated methylation sites in Synechocystis using a timsTOF Pro instrument. We identified 305 class I lysine methylation sites within 232 proteins, and of these, 80 methylation sites in 58 proteins were hypomethylated in ΔcKMT1 cells. We further demonstrated that cKMT1 could methylate ferredoxin-NADP(+) oxidoreductase (FNR) and its potential sites of action on FNR were identified. Amino acid residues H118 and Y219 were identified as key residues in the putative active site of cKMT1 as indicated by structure simulation, site-directed mutagenesis, and KMT activity measurement. Using mutations that mimic the unmethylated forms of FNR, we demonstrated that the inability to methylate K139 residues results in a decrease in the redox activity of FNR and affects energy transfer in Synechocystis. Together, our study identified a new KMT in Synechocystis and elucidated a methylation-mediated molecular mechanism catalyzed by cKMT1 for the regulation of energy transfer in cyanobacteria.
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Emerging Trends of Nanotechnology and Genetic Engineering in Cyanobacteria to Optimize Production for Future Applications. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12122013. [PMID: 36556378 PMCID: PMC9781209 DOI: 10.3390/life12122013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has the potential to revolutionize various fields of research and development. Multiple nanoparticles employed in a nanotechnology process are the magic elixir that provides unique features that are not present in the component's natural form. In the framework of contemporary research, it is inappropriate to synthesize microparticles employing procedures that include noxious elements. For this reason, scientists are investigating safer ways to produce genetically improved Cyanobacteria, which has many novel features and acts as a potential candidate for nanoparticle synthesis. In recent decades, cyanobacteria have garnered significant interest due to their prospective nanotechnological uses. This review will outline the applications of genetically engineered cyanobacteria in the field of nanotechnology and discuss its challenges and future potential. The evolution of cyanobacterial strains by genetic engineering is subsequently outlined. Furthermore, the recombination approaches that may be used to increase the industrial potential of cyanobacteria are discussed. This review provides an overview of the research undertaken to increase the commercial avenues of cyanobacteria and attempts to explain prospective topics for future research.
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14
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Yu BS, Yang HE, Sirohi R, Sim SJ. Novel effective bioprocess for optimal CO 2 fixation via microalgae-based biomineralization under semi-continuous culture. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 364:128063. [PMID: 36195219 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of microalgae-based biomineralization in a semi-continuous process (M-BSP) on biomass productivity and CO2 fixation rate were investigated. M-BSP significantly improved biomass production and CO2 fixation rate at the second stage of induction by sustaining relatively high photosynthetic rate without exposure to toxic substances (e.g., chlorellin) from aging cells using the microalgae Chlorella HS2. In conventional systems, cells do not receive irradiated light evenly, and many cells age and burst because of the long culture period. In contrast, in the M-BSP, the photosynthesis efficiency increases and biomass production is not inhibited because most of the cells can be harvested during shorter culture period. The accumulated biomass production and CO2 fixation rate of the HS2 cells cultured under M-BSP increased by 4.67- (25 ± 1.09 g/L) and 10.9-fold (30.29 ± 1.79 g/L day-1), respectively, compared to those cultured without the CaCl2 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Sun Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Ha Eun Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Ranjna Sirohi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Sang Jun Sim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea.
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15
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Torzillo G, Zittelli GC, Cicchi B, Diano M, Parente M, Benavides AMS, Esposito S, Touloupakis E. Effect of plate distance on light conversion efficiency of a Synechocystis culture grown outdoors in a multiplate photobioreactor. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 842:156840. [PMID: 35750183 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the performance of a vertical multiplate photobioreactor is analyzed and presented. The photobioreactor consisted of 20 vertical plates (1 m2 each) connected by manifolds and a working volume of 1300 L. The total area occupied (footprint) was 10 m2, while the illuminated area was 40 m2, therefore the ratio of illuminated area to volume ratio was about 30 m-1. The performance of the photobioreactor was evaluated using a culture of Synechocystis PCC 6803, circulated by a centrifuge pump. The results showed that the amount of light captured by the photobioreactor at a plate spacing of 0.5 m was 90.2 % of the light incident on the horizontal surface, while at a plate spacing of 1.0 m, 50.3 % was captured. The corresponding biomass yield, calculated based on the ground area occupied by the reactor, was 26.0 g m-2 day-1 and 7.2 g m-2 day-1, when the plates were spaced at 0.5 m and 1.0 m respectively. Therefore, the light conversion efficiency calculated based on the ground area was significantly higher in the configuration with a plate spacing of 0.5 m, reaching 5.43 % based on PAR (photosynthetically active radiation), and 2.44 % based on solar radiation, giving a value 3.7 higher than when the plates were spaced 1.0 m apart. It was concluded that the light conversion efficiency might be further improved by reducing the plate spacing while also reducing the culture light path.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Torzillo
- Istituto per la Bioeconomia, CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino I-50019, Firenze, Italy; Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Del Mar y Limnologίa, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, San José 2060, Costa Rica.
| | - Graziella Chini Zittelli
- Istituto per la Bioeconomia, CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino I-50019, Firenze, Italy
| | - Bernardo Cicchi
- Istituto per la Bioeconomia, CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino I-50019, Firenze, Italy
| | - Marcello Diano
- M2M Engineering sas, Via Coroglio, Science Center, Business Innovation Center, Naples, Italy
| | - Maddalena Parente
- M2M Engineering sas, Via Coroglio, Science Center, Business Innovation Center, Naples, Italy
| | - Ana Margarita Silva Benavides
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Del Mar y Limnologίa, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, San José 2060, Costa Rica; Escuela de Biologia, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, San José 2060, Costa Rica
| | - Serena Esposito
- M2M Engineering sas, Via Coroglio, Science Center, Business Innovation Center, Naples, Italy
| | - Eleftherios Touloupakis
- Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri, CNR, Via Madonna del Piano, 10, Sesto Fiorentino I-50019, Italy
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16
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Yan H, Li Q, Chen B, Shi M, Zhang T. Identification and feeding characteristics of the mixotrophic flagellate Poterioochromonas malhamensis, a microalgal predator isolated from planting water of Pontederia cordata. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:40599-40611. [PMID: 35084678 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18614-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The microorganisms and allelochemicals in Pontederia cordata planting water may have a synergistic inhibitory effect on algae. To study this synergy, an algae-inhibiting organism was isolated and identified, and its growth and feeding characteristics were studied. The organism was identified as Poterioochromonas malhamensis yzs924 based on both its morphology and molecular barcoding employing 18S rDNA gene sequences.The growth and feeding of P. malhamensis were affected by environmental factors and the state of its prey. (1) P. malhamensis is a mixotrophic flagellate. Its heterotrophic growth was the fastest in a wheat grain medium, and its growth rate in this study reached 2.5 day-1. (2) Within a short period of time (2 days), P. malhamensis growth was slower under continuous dark conditions than under alternating light and dark conditions, but it fed on Microcystis aeruginosa more rapidly under dark conditions. (3) High pH was disadvantageous to the growth and grazing of P. malhamensis. When the pH was kept stable at 9, P. malhamensis could not grow continuously. (4) When the initial density of M. aeruginosa was 5 × 107 cells/mL or is in a period of decline, P. malhamensis could not remove all M. aeruginosa. The combined use of P. malhamensis and allelochemicals may represent a method of M. aeruginosa control, but this approach requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, 241000, Wuhu, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Qin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, 241000, Wuhu, China
| | - Bo Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, 241000, Wuhu, China
| | - Mei Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, 241000, Wuhu, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, 241000, Wuhu, China.
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17
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Effect of Culture pH on Properties of Exopolymeric Substances from Synechococcus PCC7942: Implications for Carbonate Precipitation. GEOSCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/geosciences12050210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The role of culture conditions on the production of exopolymeric substances (EPS) by Synechococcus strain PCC7942 was investigated. Carbonate mineral precipitation in these EPS was assessed in forced precipitation experiments. Cultures were grown in HEPES-buffered medium and non-buffered medium. The pH of buffered medium remained constant at 7.5, but in non-buffered medium it increased to 9.5 within a day and leveled off at 10.5. The cell yield at harvest was twice as high in non-buffered medium than in buffered medium. High molecular weight (>10 kDa) and low molecular weight (3–10 kDa) fractions of EPS were obtained from both cultures. The cell-specific EPS production in buffered medium was twice as high as in non-buffered medium. EPS from non-buffered cultures contained more negatively charged macromolecules and more proteins than EPS from buffered cultures. The higher protein content at elevated pH may be due to the induction of carbon-concentrating mechanisms, necessary to perform photosynthetic carbon fixation in these conditions. Forced precipitation showed smaller calcite carbonate crystals in EPS from non-buffered medium and larger minerals in polymers from buffered medium. Vaterite formed only at low EPS concentrations. Experimental results are used to conceptually model the impact of pH on the potential of cyanobacterial blooms to produce minerals. We hypothesize that in freshwater systems, small crystal production may benefit the picoplankton by minimizing the mineral ballast, and thus prolonging the residence time in the photic zone, which might result in slow sinking rates.
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18
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Phytoplankton Composition and Their Related Factors in Five Different Lakes in China: Implications for Lake Management. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19053135. [PMID: 35270826 PMCID: PMC8910358 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19053135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, two trophic lakes: Lake Taihu and Lake Yanghe, and three alpine lakes: Lake Qinghai, Lake Keluke, and Lake Tuosu, were investigated to discover the connections between environmental factors and the phytoplankton community in lakes with differences in trophic levels and climatic conditions. Three seasonal data, including water quality and phytoplankton, were collected from the five lakes. The results demonstrated clear differences in water parameters and phytoplankton compositions in different lakes. The phytoplankton was dominated by Bacillariophyta, followed by Cyanobacteria and Chlorophyta in Lake Qinghai, Lake Keluke, and Lake Tuosu. It was dominated by Cyanobacteria (followed by Chlorophyta and Bacillariophyta in Lake Yanghe) and Cyanobacteria (followed by Chlorophyta and Cryptophyta in Lake Taihu). The temperature was an essential factor favoring the growth of Cyanobacteria, Chlorophyta, and Bacillariophyta, especially Cyanobacteria and Chlorophyta. The pH had significantly negative relationships with Cyanobacteria, Chlorophyta, and Bacillariophyta. Particularly, a high pH might be a strong and negative factor for phytoplankton growth in alpine lakes. A high salinity was also an adverse factor for phytoplankton. Those results could provide fundamental information about the phytoplankton community and their correlated factors in the alpine lakes of the Tibetan Plateau, contributing to the protection and management of alpine lakes.
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Shahid A, Siddiqui AJ, Musharraf SG, Liu CG, Malik S, Syafiuddin A, Boopathy R, Tarbiah NI, Gull M, Mehmood MA. Untargeted metabolomics of the alkaliphilic cyanobacterium Plectonema terebrans elucidated novel stress-responsive metabolic modulations. J Proteomics 2022; 252:104447. [PMID: 34890867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alkaliphilic cyanobacteria are suitable candidates to study the effect of alkaline wastewater cultivation on molecular metabolic responses. In the present study, the impact of wastewater, alkalinity, and alkaline wastewater cultivation was studied on the biomass production, biochemical composition, and the alkalinity responsive molecular mechanism through metabolomics. The results suggested a 1.29 to 1.44-fold higher biomass production along with improved lipid, carbohydrate, and pigment production under alkaline wastewater cultivation. The metabolomics analysis showed 1.2-fold and 5.54-fold increase in the indole-acetic acid and phytoene biosynthesis which contributed to overall enhanced cell differentiation and photo-protectiveness. Furthermore, lower levels of Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP), and higher levels of 2-phosphoglycerate and 3-phosphoglycerate suggested the efficient fixation of CO2 into biomass, and storage compounds including polysaccharides, lipids, and sterols. Interestingly, except L-histidine and L-phenylalanine, all the metabolites related to protein biosynthesis were downregulated in response to wastewater and alkaline wastewater cultivation. The cells protected themselves from alkalinity and nutrient stress by improving the biosynthesis of sterols, non-toxic antioxidants, and osmo-protectants. Alkaline wastewater cultivation regulated the activation of carbon concentration mechanism (CCM), glycolysis, fatty-acid biosynthesis, and shikimate pathway. The data revealed the importance of alkaline wastewater cultivation for improved CO2 fixation, wastewater treatment, and producing valuable bioproducts including phytoene, Lyso PC 18:0, and sterols. These metabolic pathways could be future targets of metabolic engineering for improving biomass and metabolite production. SIGNIFICANCE: Alkalinity is an imperative factor, responsible for the contamination control and biochemical regulation in cyanobactera, especially during the wastewater cultivation. Currently, understanding of alkaline wastewater responsive molecular mechanism is lacking and most of the studies are focused on transcriptomics of model organisms for this purpose. In this study, untargeted metabolomics was employed to analyze the impact of wastewater and alkaline wastewater on the growth, CO2 assimilation, nutrient uptake, and associated metabolic modulations of the alkaliphilic cyanobacterium Plectonema terebrans BERC10. Results unveiled that alkaline wastewater cultivation regulated the activation of carbon concentration mechanism (CCM), glycolysis, fatty-acid biosynthesis, and shikimate pathway. It indicated the feasibility of alkaline wastewater as promising low-cost media for cyanobacterium cultivation. The identified stress-responsive pathways could be future genetic targets for strain improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Shahid
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Amna Jabbar Siddiqui
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Syed Ghulam Musharraf
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Chen-Guang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Sana Malik
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Achmad Syafiuddin
- Department of Public Health, Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya, 60237 Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Raj Boopathy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Nicholls State University, Thibodaux, LA 70310, USA
| | | | - Munazza Gull
- Biochemistry Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Aamer Mehmood
- School of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, China; Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
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20
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Bahavar N, Shokravi S. Acclimation response and ability of growth and photosynthesis of terrestrial cyanobacterium Cylindrospermum sp. strain FS 64 under combined environmental factors. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:165. [PMID: 35122519 PMCID: PMC8818005 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-02772-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This investigation tested the hypothesis that the native cyanobacteria can acclimatize and grow under the combination of environmental factors and/or how does their process change with the age of culture? Here, we tried to combine multiple factors to simulated what happens in natural ecosystems. We analyzed the physiological response of terrestrial cyanobacterium, Cylindrospermum sp. FS 64 under combination effect of different salinity (17, 80, and 160 mM) and alkaline pHs (9 and 11) at extremely limited carbon dioxide concentration (no aeration) up to 96 h. Our evidence showed that growth, biomass, photosystem II, and phycobilisome activity significantly increased under 80 mM salinity and pH 11. In addition, this combined condition led to a significant increase in maximum light-saturated photosynthesis activity and photosynthetic efficiency. While phycobilisomes and photosystem activity decreased by increasing salinity (160 mM) which caused decreased growth rates after 96 h. The single-cell study (CLMS microscopy) which illustrated the physiological state of the individual and active-cell confirmed the efficiency and effectiveness of both photosystems and phycobilisome under the combined effect of 80 mM salinity and pH 11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Bahavar
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Bioscience Faculty, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Shadman Shokravi
- Department of Biology, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran
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21
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Molina-Grima E, García-Camacho F, Acién-Fernández FG, Sánchez-Mirón A, Plouviez M, Shene C, Chisti Y. Pathogens and predators impacting commercial production of microalgae and cyanobacteria. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 55:107884. [PMID: 34896169 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Production of phytoplankton (microalgae and cyanobacteria) in commercial raceway ponds and other systems is adversely impacted by phytoplankton pathogens, including bacteria, fungi and viruses. In addition, cultures are susceptible to productivity loss, or crash, through grazing by contaminating zooplankton such as protozoa, rotifers and copepods. Productivity loss and product contamination are also caused by otherwise innocuous invading phytoplankton that consume resources in competition with the species being cultured. This review is focused on phytoplankton competitors, pathogens and grazers of significance in commercial culture of microalgae and cyanobacteria. Detection and identification of these biological contaminants are discussed. Operational protocols for minimizing contamination, and methods of managing it, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Molina-Grima
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Maxence Plouviez
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Carolina Shene
- Center for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CeBiB), Center of Food Biotechnology and Bioseparations, BIOREN and Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de La Frontera, Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Yusuf Chisti
- School of Engineering, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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22
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Assessment of NH4HCO3 for the control of the predator flagellate Poterioochromonas malhamensis in pilot-scale culture of Chlorella sorokiniana. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Duong TT, Nguyen TTL, Dinh THV, Hoang TQ, Vu TN, Doan TO, Dang TMA, Le TPQ, Tran DT, Le VN, Nguyen QT, Le PT, Nguyen TK, Pham TD, Bui HM. Auxin production of the filamentous cyanobacterial Planktothricoides strain isolated from a polluted river in Vietnam. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 284:131242. [PMID: 34225111 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic microorganisms with widespread diversity and extensive global distribution. They produce a wide variety of bioactive substances (e.g., lipopeptides, fatty acids, toxins, carotenoids, vitamins and plant growth regulators) that are released into culture media. In this study, the capability of a cyanobacterial strain of Planktothricoides raciborskii to produce intra- and extracellular auxins was investigated. The filamentous cyanobacterial P. raciborskii strain was isolated from a river in Vietnam, and it was cultivated in the laboratory under the optimum conditions of the BG11 culture medium and a pH of 7.0. The auxins were identified and quantified by the Salkowski colorimetric method and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Colorimetric analysis revealed that P. raciborskii produces extracellular indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in the absence and presence of l-tryptophan. The maximum extracellular IAA concentration of the culture reached 118 ± 2 μg mL-1, which was supplemented with 900 μg mL-1 of l-tryptophan. HPLC-MS analysis revealed that the isolated cyanobacteria accumulate other plant-growth-promoting hormones besides IAA, such as indole-3-carboxylic acid (ICA), indole-3 butyric acid (IBA) and indole propionic acid (IPA). This is the first report on the production of auxins in an isolated strain of cyanobacteria Planktothricoides from a polluted river. The capability of producing auxins makes the P. raciborskii strain an appropriate candidate for the formulation of a biofertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thuy Duong
- Institute of Environmental Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Thi Thu Lien Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Hue University, Provincial Road 10, Phu Thuong Commune, Phu Vang District, Thua Thien Hue province, Viet Nam
| | - Thi Hai Van Dinh
- Faculty of Environment, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Thi Quynh Hoang
- Institute of Environmental Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Thi Nguyet Vu
- Institute of Environmental Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Thi Oanh Doan
- Faculty of Environment, Ha Noi University of Natural Resources and Environment, No 41A, Phu Dien Street, Bac Tu Liem, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Thi Mai Anh Dang
- Institute of Environmental Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Thi Phuong Quynh Le
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Dang Thuan Tran
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Van Nhan Le
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam; Center for Research and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Quang Trung Nguyen
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Phuong Thu Le
- University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Trung Kien Nguyen
- Institute of Environmental Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Thi Dau Pham
- Faculty of Biology, VNU University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Ha Manh Bui
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Saigon University, 273 An Duong Vuong Street, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
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González-Resendiz L, Sánchez-García L, Hernández-Martínez I, Vigueras-Ramírez G, Jiménez-García LF, Lara-Martínez R, Morales-Ibarría M. Photoautotrophic poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) production by a wild-type Synechococcus elongatus isolated from an extreme environment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 337:125508. [PMID: 34320776 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The photoautotrophic poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) production by cyanobacteria is an attractive option as it only requires CO2 and light. In this work, a new wild-type strain producing PHB, Synechococcus elongatus UAM-C/S03, was identified using a polyphasic approach. The strain was cultured in a photobioreactor operated under N-sufficiency conditions at different pH values (7 to 11) and fed with CO2 on demand. We also evaluated the production of PHB under N-starving conditions. Highest biomass productivity, 324 mg L-1 d-1, and CO2 capture, 674 mg L-1 d-1, were obtained at pH 7 and under N-sufficiency conditions. The strain accumulated 29.42% of PHB in dry cell weight (DCW) under N-starvation conditions without pH control, and highest PHB productivity was 58.10 mg L-1 d-1. The highest carbohydrate content registered at pH 8, 50.84% in DCW, along with a release of carbon-based organic compounds, suggested the presence of exopolysaccharides in the culture medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura González-Resendiz
- Departamento de Procesos y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa, Av. Vasco de Quiroga 4871, Santa Fe Cuajimalpa, Cd. de México C.P. 05348, Mexico
| | - León Sánchez-García
- Doctorado en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Cd. de México C.P. 09340, Mexico
| | - Ingrid Hernández-Martínez
- Doctorado en Ciencias Naturales e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa, Av. Vasco de Quiroga 4871, Santa Fe Cuajimalpa, Cd. de México C.P. 05348, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Vigueras-Ramírez
- Departamento de Procesos y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa, Av. Vasco de Quiroga 4871, Santa Fe Cuajimalpa, Cd. de México C.P. 05348, Mexico
| | - Luis Felipe Jiménez-García
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior Ciudad Universitaria, Cd. de México C.P. 04510, Mexico
| | - Reyna Lara-Martínez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior Ciudad Universitaria, Cd. de México C.P. 04510, Mexico
| | - Marcia Morales-Ibarría
- Departamento de Procesos y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa, Av. Vasco de Quiroga 4871, Santa Fe Cuajimalpa, Cd. de México C.P. 05348, Mexico.
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Progress toward a bicarbonate-based microalgae production system. Trends Biotechnol 2021; 40:180-193. [PMID: 34325913 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Commercial applications of microalgae for biochemicals and fuels are hampered by their high production costs, and the use of conventional carbon supplies is a key reason. Bicarbonate has been proposed as an alternative carbon source due to its potential advantages in lower carbon supply costs, convenience for photobioreactor development, biomass harvesting, and labor and energy savings. We review recent progress in bicarbonate-based microalgae cultivation, which validated previous assumptions, suggested further advantages, and demonstrated potential to significantly reduce production cost. Future research should focus on improving production efficiency and reducing energy inputs, including optimizing photobioreactor design, comprehensive utilization of natural power, and automation in production systems.
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Toda N, Murakami H, Kanbara A, Kuroda A, Hirota R. Phosphite Reduces the Predation Impact of Poterioochromonasmalhamensis on Cyanobacterial Culture. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10071361. [PMID: 34371564 PMCID: PMC8309446 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Contamination by the predatory zooplankton Poterioochromonas malhamensis is one of the major threats that causes catastrophic damage to commercial-scale microalgal cultivation. However, knowledge of how to manage predator contamination is limited. Previously, we established a phosphite (Pt)-based culture system by engineering Synechococcus elongatus, which exerted a competitive growth advantage against microbial contaminants that compete with phosphate source. Here, we examined whether Pt is effective in suppressing predator-type contamination. Co-culture experiment of Synechococcus with isolated P. malhamensis revealed that, although an addition of Pt at low concentrations up to 2.0 mM was not effective, increased dosage of Pt (~20 mM) resulted in the reduced grazing impact of P. malhamensis. By using unsterilized raw environmental water collected from rivers or ponds, we found that the suppression effect of Pt was dependent on the type of environmental water used. Eukaryotic microbial community analysis of the cultures using environmental water samples revealed that Paraphysomonas, a colorless Chrysophyceae, emerged and dominated under high-Pt conditions, suggesting that Paraphysomonas is insensitive to Pt compared to P. malhamensis. These findings may provide a clue for developing a strategy to reduce the impact of grazer contamination in commercial-scale microalgal cultivation.
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Zavřel T, Schoffman H, Lukeš M, Fedorko J, Keren N, Červený J. Monitoring fitness and productivity in cyanobacteria batch cultures. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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28
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The Role of Selected Wavelengths of Light in the Activity of Photosystem II in Gloeobacter violaceus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084021. [PMID: 33924720 PMCID: PMC8069770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gloeobacter violaceus is a cyanobacteria species with a lack of thylakoids, while photosynthetic antennas, i.e., phycobilisomes (PBSs), photosystem II (PSII), and I (PSI), are located in the cytoplasmic membrane. We verified the hypothesis that blue–red (BR) light supplemented with a far-red (FR), ultraviolet A (UVA), and green (G) light can affect the photosynthetic electron transport chain in PSII and explain the differences in the growth of the G. violaceus culture. The cyanobacteria were cultured under different light conditions. The largest increase in G. violaceus biomass was observed only under BR + FR and BR + G light. Moreover, the shape of the G. violaceus cells was modified by the spectrum with the addition of G light. Furthermore, it was found that both the spectral composition of light and age of the cyanobacterial culture affect the different content of phycobiliproteins in the photosynthetic antennas (PBS). Most likely, in cells grown under light conditions with the addition of FR and G light, the average antenna size increased due to the inactivation of some reaction centers in PSII. Moreover, the role of PSI and gloeorhodopsin as supplementary sources of metabolic energy in the G. violaceus growth is discussed.
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Abstract
Microalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms that have generated increasing interest in recent years due to their potential applications. Their biological capacity to grow faster than higher plants and their ability to convert solar energy into biomass and other bioactive molecules, has led to the development of various culture systems in order to produce different high-value products with commercial interest. The industrialization of the microalgae cultivation process requires the introduction of standardized quality parameters. In order to obtain bioactive compounds with high added value at a commercial level, it is necessary to sustainably produce biomass at a large scale. Such a process would imply specific stress conditions, such as variation in temperature, light or pH. These environmental conditions would make it more difficult to maintain the viability of the culture and protect the yield and condition of the target molecules. The physiological and biochemical impact of these stress factors on the microalgae biomass can be potentially measured by the presence and activity of various biochemical indicators called biomarkers. This review presents an overview of the main techniques that exist for assessing the "quality" of microalgae cultures through quantification of cell viability and vitality by monitoring specific markers indicative of the status of the culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bermejo Elisabeth
- LGPM, CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Centre Européen de Biotechnologie et de Bioéconomie (CEBB), Pomacle, France
| | - Filali Rayen
- LGPM, CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Centre Européen de Biotechnologie et de Bioéconomie (CEBB), Pomacle, France
| | - Taidi Behnam
- LGPM, CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Centre Européen de Biotechnologie et de Bioéconomie (CEBB), Pomacle, France
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30
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Amadu AA, Qiu S, Ge S, Addico GND, Ameka GK, Yu Z, Xia W, Abbew AW, Shao D, Champagne P, Wang S. A review of biopolymer (Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate) synthesis in microbes cultivated on wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 756:143729. [PMID: 33310224 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The large quantities of non-degradable single use plastics, production and disposal, in addition to increasing amounts of municipal and industrial wastewaters are among the major global issues known today. Biodegradable plastics from biopolymers such as Poly-β-hydroxybutyrates (PHB) produced by microorganisms are potential substitutes for non-degradable petroleum-based plastics. This paper reviews the current status of wastewater-cultivated microbes utilized in PHB production, including the various types of wastewaters suitable for either pure or mixed culture PHB production. PHB-producing strains that have the potential for commercialization are also highlighted with proposed selection criteria for choosing the appropriate PHB microbe for optimization of processes. The biosynthetic pathways involved in producing microbial PHB are also discussed to highlight the advancements in genetic engineering techniques. Additionally, the paper outlines the factors influencing PHB production while exploring other metabolic pathways and metabolites simultaneously produced along with PHB in a bio-refinery context. Furthermore, the paper explores the effects of extraction methods on PHB yield and quality to ultimately facilitate the commercial production of biodegradable plastics. This review uniquely discusses the developments in research on microbial biopolymers, specifically PHB and also gives an overview of current commercial PHB companies making strides in cutting down plastic pollution and greenhouse gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Algade Amadu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiao Ling Wei 200, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Shuang Qiu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiao Ling Wei 200, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Shijian Ge
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiao Ling Wei 200, Nanjing 210094, PR China.
| | - Gloria Naa Dzama Addico
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) - Water Research Institute (WRI), P.O. Box AH 38, Achimota Greater Accra, Ghana
| | - Gabriel Komla Ameka
- Department of Botany, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG55, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Ziwei Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiao Ling Wei 200, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Wenhao Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiao Ling Wei 200, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Abdul-Wahab Abbew
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiao Ling Wei 200, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Dadong Shao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiao Ling Wei 200, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Pascale Champagne
- Department of Civil Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Sufeng Wang
- School of Economics and Management, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, PR China
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Ebrahimzadeh G, Alimohammadi M, Kahkah MRR, Mahvi AH. Relationship between algae diversity and water quality- a case study: Chah Niemeh reservoir Southeast of Iran. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2021; 19:437-443. [PMID: 34150247 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-021-00616-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Algae are known with many detrimental impacts on drinking water quality. Discharge of municipal and agricultural wastewater into the receiving water resources make desirable conditions for algae growth and consequently cause eutrophication phenomena. Water samples were withdrawn monthly from 5 stations in Zabol City within spring and summer seasons. To identify algae species, micronutrients, and physical parameters such as temperature, depth of Secchi disk (SD) and pH on their growth were evaluated. The average phosphate in spring and summer were observed to be 0.034 and 0.028 mg/L, respectively. The results obtained from the present study indicated that the volume and depth of the water reservoirs were less critical on total phosphorus compared with the concentration of algal cells and total nitrogen. The mean pH for water samples taken from Chah Niemeh (CN) in spring and summer were observed to be 8.4 which is suitable for algae growth. Furthermore, the mean temperature (>20 °C) in both seasons were found to be desirable for the growth of algae, especially cyanobacteria in the CN. Moreover, the mean SD in spring and summer samples was 96.16 m and 119.83 m, respectively. As a result, the reservoir had low transparency in terms of algal growth. Totally, most of the identified algae were green algae (50%), algal flagella (19%), cyanobacteria (15.4%) and diatoms (15%). Therefore, cyanobacteria are most possible responsible for the taste and odor in the CN water reservoir. Future efforts should be directed toward preventive measurements for protecting water reservoirs from municipal and agricultural wastewaters and algae control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Ebrahimzadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Environmental health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Mahmood Alimohammadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Health Equity Research Center (HERC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Rezaei Kahkah
- Department of Environmental health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Mahvi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Center for Solid Waste Research (CSWR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Brandenburg F, Theodosiou E, Bertelmann C, Grund M, Klähn S, Schmid A, Krömer JO. Trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline production by the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Metab Eng Commun 2020; 12:e00155. [PMID: 33511031 PMCID: PMC7815826 DOI: 10.1016/j.mec.2020.e00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria play an important role in photobiotechnology. Yet, one of their key central metabolic pathways, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, has a unique architecture compared to most heterotrophs and still remains largely unexploited. The conversion of 2-oxoglutarate to succinate via succinyl-CoA is absent but is by-passed by several other reactions. Overall, fluxes under photoautotrophic growth conditions through the TCA cycle are low, which has implications for the production of chemicals. In this study, we investigate the capacity of the TCA cycle of Synechocystis sp PCC 6803 for the production of trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline (Hyp), a valuable chiral building block for the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. For the first time, photoautotrophic Hyp production was achieved in a cyanobacterium expressing the gene for the L-proline-4-hydroxylase (P4H) from Dactylosporangium sp. strain RH1. Interestingly, while elevated intracellular Hyp concentrations could be detected in the recombinant Synechocystis strains under all tested conditions, detectable Hyp secretion into the medium was only observed when the pH of the medium exceeded 9.5 and mostly in the late phases of the cultivation. We compared the rates obtained for autotrophic Hyp production with published sugar-based production rates in E. coli. The land-use efficiency (space-time yield) of the phototrophic process is already in the same order of magnitude as the heterotrophic process considering sugar farming as well. But, the remarkable plasticity of the cyanobacterial TCA cycle promises the potential for a 23–55 fold increase in space-time yield when using Synechocystis. Altogether, these findings contribute to a better understanding of bioproduction from the TCA cycle in photoautotrophs and broaden the spectrum of chemicals produced in metabolically engineered cyanobacteria. Phototrophic production of trans-4-hydroxy-L-prolin. pH dependency of product accumulation in Synechocystis PCC6803. Comparative analysis of land use efficiency in phototrophs & heterotrophs.
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33
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Zhu Z, Jiang J, Fa Y. Overcoming the Biological Contamination in Microalgae and Cyanobacteria Mass Cultivations for Photosynthetic Biofuel Production. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225220. [PMID: 33182530 PMCID: PMC7698126 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae and cyanobacteria have shown significant potential for the development of the next biofuels innovation because of their own characteristics as photosynthetic microorganisms. However, it is confronted with a lot of severe challenges on the economic scaling-up of the microalgae- and cyanobacteria-based biofuels production. One of these major challenges is the lack of a reliable preventing and controlling culture system of biological contamination, which can attack the cell growth or product accumulation causing crashing effects. To increase the commercial viability of microalgae- and cyanobacteria-based biofuels production, overcoming the biological contaminations should be at the top of the priority list. Here, we highlight the importance of two categories of biological contaminations and their controlling strategies in the mass cultivations of microalgae and cyanobacteria, and outline the directions that should be exploited in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province and School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China;
| | - Jihong Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province and School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China;
- Correspondence: (J.J.); (Y.F.)
| | - Yun Fa
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- Correspondence: (J.J.); (Y.F.)
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Techniques to Control Microbial Contaminants in Nonsterile Microalgae Cultivation. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 192:1376-1385. [PMID: 32809108 PMCID: PMC8553695 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03414-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this mini-review with own results was an identification of techniques to suppress the growth of microbial contaminants under photo- and mixotrophic conditions. Techniques identified are the modification of environmental conditions, such as pH, oxygen, and nutrient concentrations, as well as the application of pulsed electric field, ultrasonication, and surfactants. In phototrophic cultivations, the mentioned techniques result in a decrease of number of predatory cells, but not in a complete removal. Measures to suppress the growth of contaminations (e.g., bacteria and fungi) in mixotrophic cultivations could not be identified. The co-cultivation of algae and fungi, however, was found to be beneficial for the utilization of unusual carbon compounds (e.g., phenolic compounds).
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35
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Engineering salt tolerance of photosynthetic cyanobacteria for seawater utilization. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 43:107578. [PMID: 32553809 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic cyanobacteria are capable of utilizing sunlight and CO2 as sole energy and carbon sources, respectively. With genetically modified cyanobacteria being used as a promising chassis to produce various biofuels and chemicals in recent years, future large-scale cultivation of cyanobacteria would have to be performed in seawater, since freshwater supplies of the earth are very limiting. However, high concentration of salt is known to inhibit the growth of cyanobacteria. This review aims at comparing the mechanisms that different cyanobacteria respond to salt stress, and then summarizing various strategies of developing salt-tolerant cyanobacteria for seawater cultivation, including the utilization of halotolerant cyanobacteria and the engineering of salt-tolerant freshwater cyanobacteria. In addition, the challenges and potential strategies related to further improving salt tolerance in cyanobacteria are also discussed.
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36
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Hu Z, Li D, Guan D. Water quality retrieval and algae inhibition from eutrophic freshwaters with iron-rich substrate based ecological floating beds treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 712:135584. [PMID: 31791781 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ecological floating rafts in restoration of eutrophic freshwaters were deemed to a frequently used method. In this study, a manipulative experiment using ecological floating rafts based on iron-rich substrate (IRS) was conducted. The approach was attempted to study the nutrient removal efficiency and algae inhibition effect of IRS. The results showed that 98.2% chlorophyll-a (chl-a) removal rate was achieved in 7-day restoration by IRS accompanied with high nutrient removal efficiency. In addition, iron-rich substrate based ecological floating beds could reached 82.1% chl-a removal rate and 98.5% total phosphorus (TP) removal rate with the increasing activity of aquatic organisms through a 50-day pilot scale experiment. The findings imply that iron-rich substrate-based ecological floating beds are an alternative method for ecological restoration of eutrophic freshwaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Hu
- School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, PR China.
| | - Desheng Li
- School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing 100044, PR China.
| | - Detian Guan
- Beijing Management Division of North Grand Canal, 101100 Beijing, PR China
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Valev D, Kurkela J, Tyystjärvi E, Tyystjärvi T. Testing the Potential of Regulatory Sigma Factor Mutants for Wastewater Purification or Bioreactor Run in High Light. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:1590-1599. [PMID: 32266454 PMCID: PMC7334282 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-01973-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
It is shown that a freshly inoculated culture of the model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 consumed almost all phosphate and 50% of nitrate within 6 days from the nutrient-rich BG-11 growth medium, indicating potential of cyanobacteria to purify wastewaters. Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 control strain also collected nutrients efficiently from a landfill leachate wastewater KA2 (5.9-6.9 mM ammonium and 0.073-0.077 mM phosphate). Wastewaters might induce oxidative stress to microalgae, which prompted us to test growth of sigma factor inactivation strains, as ΔsigBCE and ΔsigCDE strains show superior growth in chemically induced oxidative stress. All cyanobacterial strains, including a stress-sensitive strain ΔsigBCDE, grew well in KA2 for four days, indicating that KA2 did not cause immediate oxidative stress. Completely arrested growth and bleaching of ΔsigBCDE cells after one week in KA2 wastewater point to the importance of group 2 sigma factor-mediated changes in gene expression during wastewater treatment. The growth of ΔsigBCD was arrested early in un-buffered and Hepes buffered (pH 7.5) KA2. In ΔsigBCD, all phosphate transporter genes are upregulated in standard conditions, and ΔsigBCD cells showed growth defects in low-phosphate BG-11 medium. ΔsigBCD cells removed phosphate slower from KA2 than the control strain, but phosphate supplementation of KA2 did not improve growth of ΔsigBCD. The ΔsigBCE strain showed superior growth in a laboratory-scale bioreactor in bright light and removed phosphate even slightly more efficiently than the control strain if KA2 was Hepes buffered although ΔsigBCE grew slowly in un-buffered KA2 and in low-phosphate BG-11 medium. The results indicate that engineering expression of regulatory group 2 sigma factor(s) might be useful for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitar Valev
- Department of Biochemistry/Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Juha Kurkela
- Department of Biochemistry/Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Esa Tyystjärvi
- Department of Biochemistry/Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Taina Tyystjärvi
- Department of Biochemistry/Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland.
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Iijima H, Watanabe A, Sukigara H, Shirai T, Kondo A, Osanai T. Simultaneous increases in the levels of compatible solutes by cost-effective cultivation of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:1649-1660. [PMID: 32129469 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, a cyanobacterium widely used for basic research, is often cultivated in a synthetic medium, BG-11, in the presence of 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazine ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) or 2-[[1,3-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)propan-2-yl]amino]ethanesulfonic acid buffer. Owing to the high cost of HEPES buffer (96.9% of the total cost of BG-11 medium), the biotechnological application of BG-11 is limited. In this study, we cultured Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 cells in BG-11 medium without HEPES buffer and examined the effects on the primary metabolism. Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 cells could grow in BG-11 medium without HEPES buffer after adjusting for nitrogen sources and light intensity; the production rate reached 0.54 g cell dry weight·L-1 ·day-1 , exceeding that of commercial cyanobacteria and Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 cells cultivated under other conditions. The exclusion of HEPES buffer markedly altered the metabolites in the central carbon metabolism; particularly, the levels of compatible solutes, such as sucrose, glucosylglycerol, and glutamate were increased. Although the accumulation of sucrose and glucosylglycerol under high salt conditions is antagonistic to each other, these metabolites accumulated simultaneously in cells grown in the cost-effective medium. Because these metabolites are used in industrial feedstocks, our results reveal the importance of medium composition for the production of metabolites using cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Iijima
- Department of Agricultural Chemistrym School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Atsuko Watanabe
- Department of Agricultural Chemistrym School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Haruna Sukigara
- Department of Agricultural Chemistrym School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Shirai
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.,Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takashi Osanai
- Department of Agricultural Chemistrym School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
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Ermis H, Guven-Gulhan U, Cakir T, Altinbas M. Effect of iron and magnesium addition on population dynamics and high value product of microalgae grown in anaerobic liquid digestate. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3510. [PMID: 32103096 PMCID: PMC7044283 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60622-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, FeSO4 supplementation ranging from 0 to 4.5 mM, and MgSO4 supplementation ranging from 0 to 5.1 mM were investigated to observe the effect on the population dynamics, biochemical composition and fatty acid content of mixed microalgae grown in Anaerobic Liquid Digestate (ALD). Overall, 3.1 mM FeSO4 addition into ALD increased the total protein content 60% and led to highest biomass (1.56 g L-1) and chlorophyll-a amount (18.7 mg L-1) produced. Meanwhile, 0.4 mM MgSO4 addition increased the total carotenoid amount 2.2 folds and slightly increased the biomass amount. According to the microbial community analysis, Diphylleia rotans, Synechocystis PCC-6803 and Chlorella sorokiniana were identified as mostly detected species after confirmation with 4 different markers. The abundance of Chlorella sorokiniana and Synechocystis PCC-6803 increased almost 2 folds both in iron and magnesium addition. On the other hand, the dominancy of Diphylleia rotans was not affected by iron addition while drastically decreased (95%) with magnesium addition. This study helps to understand how the dynamics of symbiotic life changes if macro elements are added to the ALD and reveal that microalgae can adapt to adverse environmental conditions by fostering the diversity with a positive effect on high value product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hande Ermis
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | | | - Tunahan Cakir
- Department of Bioengineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Altinbas
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
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Biomass and nutritive value of Spirulina (Arthrospira fusiformis) cultivated in a cost-effective medium. ANN MICROBIOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-019-01520-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Cultivation of spirulina at commercial-scales relies on analytical grade–based media, which are expensive and so are the product.
Purpose
This study assessed the biomass, proximate composition, and other useful compounds in Spirulina (Arthrospira fusiformis) produced with a cost-effective culture medium (LCMA), and the results were compared with those from a standard Zarrouk medium–grown spirulina.
Methods
The LCMA medium was formulated by using a commercial NPK10-20-20 fertilizer as a source of the three major nutrients for spirulina growth, and other three ingredients from Zarrouk medium. The experiment was conducted for 28 days in the glass aquaria under indoor conditions. Standard analytical methods were applied for the determination of proximate composition, chlorophyll, minerals, and vitamins in the spirulina biomass.
Result
The LCMA medium showed the best growth conditions by accumulating higher chlorophyll content (0.99 ± 0.02%) and dry weight (0.75 ± 0.01 g/100 ml) as well as attaining higher optical density (2.06 at day 15) earlier than the Zarrouk medium. The results of the proximate analysis for spirulina cultured in the LCMA medium were of good quality, with the protein contributing more than 50% of its dry matter. It was further noticed that the LCMA was an ideal medium for optimization of vitamins and some minerals since it recorded a significant amount of most of the analyzed vitamins together with the minerals sodium and potassium compared with the Zarrouk medium.
Conclusion
It is suggested that LCMA medium could be used as the alternative and cheap medium for maximization of biomass and production of useful biochemical compounds in spirulina species.
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Wei C, Wang H, Ma M, Hu Q, Gong Y. Factors Affecting the Mixotrophic Flagellate Poterioochromonas malhamensis Grazing on Chlorella Cells. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2019; 67:190-202. [PMID: 31674079 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Grazing behaviour between protozoa and phytoplankton exists widely in planktonic ecosystems. Poterioochromonas malhamensis is a well-known and widespread mixotrophic flagellate, which is recognized to play an important role within marine and freshwater planktonic ecosystems and regarded as the greatest contamination threat for mass algal cultures of Chlorella. In this study, a comprehensive range of factors, including morphological characters, biochemical compositions, and specific growth rate of ten species or strains of Chlorella, were evaluated for their effect on the feeding ability of P. malhamensis, which was assessed by two parameters: the clearance rate of P. malhamensis on Chlorella spp. and the specific growth rate of P. malhamensis. The results showed that the clearance rate of P. malhamensis was negatively correlated with cell wall thickness and specific growth rate of Chlorella spp., while the specific growth rate of P. malhamensis was positively correlated with carbohydrate percentage and C/N ratio and negatively correlated with protein, lipid percentage, and nitrogen mass. In conclusion, the factors influencing feeding selectivity include not only the morphological character and chemical composition of Chlorella, but also its population dynamics. Our study provides useful insights into the key factors that affect the feeding selectivity of P. malhamensis and provides basic and constructive data to help in screening for grazing-resistant microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaojun Wei
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.,Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Hongxia Wang
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.,Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Mingyang Ma
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.,Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qiang Hu
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.,Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.,State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.,SDIC Microalgae Biotechnology Center, SDIC Biotech Investment Co., LTD., Beijing, 065200, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Algae Biomass, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Yingchun Gong
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.,Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
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Quinn L, Armshaw P, Soulimane T, Sheehan C, Ryan MP, Pembroke JT. Zymobacter palmae Pyruvate Decarboxylase is Less Effective Than That of Zymomonas mobilis for Ethanol Production in Metabolically Engineered Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E494. [PMID: 31717863 PMCID: PMC6920748 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7110494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
To produce bioethanol from model cyanobacteria such as Synechocystis, a two gene cassette consisting of genes encoding pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) are required to transform pyruvate first to acetaldehyde and then to ethanol. However the partition of pyruvate to ethanol comes at a cost, a reduction in biomass and pyruvate availability for other metabolic processes. Hence strategies to divert flux to ethanol as a biofuel in Synechocystis are of interest. PDC from Zymobacter palmae (ZpPDC) has been reported to have a lower Km then the Zymomonas mobilis PDC (ZmPDC), which has traditionally been used in metabolic engineering constructs. The Zppdc gene was combined with the native slr1192 alcohol dehydrogenase gene (adhA) in an attempt to increase ethanol production in the photoautotrophic cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 over constructs created with the traditional Zmpdc. Native (Zppdc) and codon optimized (ZpOpdc) versions of the ZpPDC were cloned into a construct where pdc expression was controlled via the psbA2 light inducible promoter from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. These constructs were transformed into wildtype Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 for expression and ethanol production. Ethanol levels were then compared with identical constructs containing the Zmpdc. While strains with the Zppdc (UL071) and ZpOpdc (UL072) constructs did produce ethanol, levels were lower compared to a control strain (UL070) expressing the pdc from Zymomonas mobilis. All constructs demonstrated lower biomass productivity illustrating that the flux from pyruvate to ethanol has a major effect on biomass and ultimately overall biofuel productivity. Thus the utilization of a PDC with a lower Km from Zymobacter palmae unusually did not result in enhanced ethanol production in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine Quinn
- Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Natural Sciences and the Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Patricia Armshaw
- Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Natural Sciences and the Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Tewfik Soulimane
- Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Natural Sciences and the Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Con Sheehan
- School of Engineering, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Michael P. Ryan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Natural Sciences and the Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - J. Tony Pembroke
- Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Natural Sciences and the Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
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44
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CyanoFactory, a European consortium to develop technologies needed to advance cyanobacteria as chassis for production of chemicals and fuels. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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45
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Katayama N, Takeya M, Osanai T. Biochemical characterisation of fumarase C from a unicellular cyanobacterium demonstrating its substrate affinity, altered by an amino acid substitution. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10629. [PMID: 31337820 PMCID: PMC6650407 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47025-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The tricarboxylic acid cycle produces NADH for oxidative phosphorylation and fumarase [EC 4.2.1.2] is a critical enzyme in this cycle, catalysing the reversible conversion of fumarate and L-malate. Fumarase is applied to industrial L-malate production as a biocatalyst. L-malate is used in a wide range of industries such as food and beverage, pharmacy chemistry. Although the biochemical properties of fumarases have been studied in many organisms, they have not been investigated in cyanobacteria. In this study, the optimum pH and temperature of Synechocystis 6803 fumarase C (SyFumC) were 7.5 and 30 °C, respectively. The Km of SyFumC for L-malate was higher than for fumarate. Furthermore, SyFumC activity was strongly inhibited by citrate and succinate, consistent with fumarases in other organisms. Substitution of alanine by glutamate at position 314 of SyFumC changed the kcat for fumarate and L-malate. In addition, the inhibitory effects of citrate and succinate on SyFumC activity were alleviated. Phylogenetic analysis revealed cyanobacterial fumarase clades divided in non-nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria and nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria. SyFumC was thus biochemically characterised, including identification of an amino acid residue important for substrate affinity and enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Katayama
- School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1, Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takeya
- School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1, Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Takashi Osanai
- School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1, Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan.
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Khan AZ, Bilal M, Mehmood S, Sharma A, Iqbal HMN. State-of-the-Art Genetic Modalities to Engineer Cyanobacteria for Sustainable Biosynthesis of Biofuel and Fine-Chemicals to Meet Bio-Economy Challenges. Life (Basel) 2019; 9:life9030054. [PMID: 31252652 PMCID: PMC6789541 DOI: 10.3390/life9030054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, metabolic engineering of microorganisms has attained much research interest to produce biofuels and industrially pertinent chemicals. Owing to the relatively fast growth rate, genetic malleability, and carbon neutral production process, cyanobacteria has been recognized as a specialized microorganism with a significant biotechnological perspective. Metabolically engineering cyanobacterial strains have shown great potential for the photosynthetic production of an array of valuable native or non-native chemicals and metabolites with profound agricultural and pharmaceutical significance using CO2 as a building block. In recent years, substantial improvements in developing and introducing novel and efficient genetic tools such as genome-scale modeling, high throughput omics analyses, synthetic/system biology tools, metabolic flux analysis and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated nuclease (CRISPR/cas) systems have been made for engineering cyanobacterial strains. Use of these tools and technologies has led to a greater understanding of the host metabolism, as well as endogenous and heterologous carbon regulation mechanisms which consequently results in the expansion of maximum productive ability and biochemical diversity. This review summarizes recent advances in engineering cyanobacteria to produce biofuel and industrially relevant fine chemicals of high interest. Moreover, the development and applications of cutting-edge toolboxes such as the CRISPR-cas9 system, synthetic biology, high-throughput "omics", and metabolic flux analysis to engineer cyanobacteria for large-scale cultivation are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqib Zafar Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China.
| | - Shahid Mehmood
- Bio-X Institute, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Queretaro, Epigmenio Gonzalez 500, Queretaro CP 76130, Mexico
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey CP 64849, N.L., Mexico.
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Mistry AN, Upendar G, Singh S, Chakrabarty J, Bandyopadhyay G, Ghanta KC, Dutta S. Sequestration of CO 2 using microorganisms and evaluation of their potential to synthesize biomolecules. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2019.1577453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Avnish Nitin Mistry
- Department of Earth & Environmental Studies, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, India
| | - Ganta Upendar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, India
| | - Sunita Singh
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, India
| | | | - Gautam Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Management Studies, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, India
| | - Kartik Chandra Ghanta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, India
| | - Susmita Dutta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, India
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Isolation and evaluation of a novel strain of Chlorella sorokiniana that resists grazing by the predator Poterioochromonas malhamensis. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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49
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Venkata Subhash G, Rangappa M, Raninga S, Prasad V, Dasgupta S, Raja Krishna Kumar G. Electromagnetic stratagem to control predator population in algal open pond cultivation. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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50
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Bacteria as biological control agents of freshwater cyanobacteria: is it feasible beyond the laboratory? Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:9911-9923. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9391-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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