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Liu J, Wang J, Chen M, Meng W, Ding A, Chen M, Ding R, Tan M, Xiang Z. Multi-Omics Analyses Uncover the Mechanism Underlying Polyploidization-Enhanced Steviol Glycosides Biosynthesis in Stevia rebaudiana. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2542. [PMID: 39339518 PMCID: PMC11434884 DOI: 10.3390/plants13182542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2024] [Revised: 09/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) is a valuable sweetener plant whose sweetness primarily derives from steviol glycosides (SGs), especially rebaudioside A (RA). Polyploidization has the potential to enhance the content of active ingredients in medicinal plants, making this strategy a promising avenue for genetic improvement. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms that contribute to the fluctuating SGs content between autotetraploid and diploid stevia remain unclear. In this study, we employed metabolic analysis to identify 916 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs), with the majority, specifically terpenoids, flavonoids, and lipids, exhibiting upregulation due to polyploidization. Notably, the content of stevia's signature metabolite SGs (including RA, steviolbioside, and rebaudioside C), along with their precursor steviol, increased significantly after polyploidization. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome revealed that the majority of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in the SG-synthesis pathway (ent-KAH, ent-KS1, UGT73E1, UGT74G1, UGT76G1, UGT85C2, and UGT91D2) were upregulated in autotetraploid stevia, and these DEGs exhibited a positive correlation with the polyploidization-enhanced SGs. Additionally, multi-omics network analysis indicated that several transcription factor families (such as five NACs, four WRKYs, three MYBs, eight bHLHs, and three AP2/ERFs), various transporter genes (four ABC transporters, three triose-phosphate transporters, and two sugar efflux transporters for intercellular exchange), as well as microorganisms (including Ceratobasidium and Flavobacterium) were positively correlated with the accumulation of RA and steviol. Overall, our results indicate the presence of a regulatory circuit orchestrated by polyploidization, which recruits beneficial rhizosphere microbes and modulates the expression of genes associated with SG biosynthesis, ultimately enhancing the SG content in stevia. This finding will provide new insights for promoting the propagation and industrial development of stevia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiaxue Wang
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mingjia Chen
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wenna Meng
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Anping Ding
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Miao Chen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Rongping Ding
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mingpu Tan
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zengxu Xiang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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2
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Beekwilder J, Schempp FM, Styles MQ, Zelder O. Microbial synthesis of terpenoids for human nutrition - an emerging field with high business potential. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2024; 87:103099. [PMID: 38447324 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Because of their complicated biosynthesis and hydrophobic nature, fermentative production of terpenoids did not play a significant role on a commercial scale until a few years ago. Driven by technological progress in metabolic engineering and process biotechnology, terpene-based food ingredients such as flavors, sweeteners, and vitamins produced by fermentation have now become viable and commercially competitive options. In recent years, several companies have developed microbial platforms for commercial terpene production. Impressive progress has been made in the fermentative production of sesquiterpenes used in flavorings. The development of sweeteners, such as steviol glycosides and mogrosides, and the production of vitamins A and E based on fermentation are also being explored. The production of monoterpenes remains challenging due to their antimicrobial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Florence M Schempp
- BASF SE, Industrial Biotechnology I, RGD/BD - A30, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | | | - Oskar Zelder
- BASF SE, Industrial Biotechnology I, RGD/BD - A30, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany.
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3
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Rafiq MT, Sajid ZA, Khilji SA. Graphene Oxide Nanoparticle-Assisted Promotion of Stevioside, Rebaudioside A, and Selected Biochemical Attributes in Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. SCIENTIFICA 2024; 2024:6693085. [PMID: 38855035 PMCID: PMC11161264 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6693085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Stevia rebaudiana Bert. is commonly known as candy leaf, sugar leaf, or sweet leaf. It is a natural sweetener that has low calories and is used as a substitute for sucrose. The objective of this research is to evaluate the effects of graphene oxide (GO) on the growth, biochemical activities, and stevioside and rebaudioside A production of Stevia in in vitro-raised plantlets. For this, green nanomaterials of GO (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mgL-1) were applied to the in vitro plants to enhance its sweetness by triggering the production of stevioside and rebaudioside A and other growth and biochemical parameters. It was observed that all the growth parameters of Stevia plants significantly increased with all GO treatments tested. Total chlorophyll and protein contents were increased (1.85- and 2.65-fold increase from the control) by applying 8 mgL-1 of GO to the MS medium. The maximum value (4 mg·g-1 of protein) of peroxidase activity (POD) was observed by applying 4 mgL-1 of GO, 28.92-fold increase from the control. In comparison, superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) (0.4 mg·g-1 protein) was observed with 10 mgL-1 of GO (1.56-fold increase from the control). Stevioside (12.9 and 8.9 mg·g-1 DW) and rebaudioside A (3.2 and 0.81 mg·g-1 DW) were observed only at 6 and 8 mg·L-1 treatment of graphene oxide. According to the findings, using graphene oxide (GO) had a significant impact on the growth, biochemical activities, and steviol glycoside production in Stevia. This shows that GO has the potential to be a valuable enhancer of sweetness and overall Stevia leaf quality, providing great prospects for the development of low-calorie natural sweeteners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Talha Rafiq
- Plant Developmental and Regenerative Biology Laboratory, Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus 54590, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zahoor Ahmad Sajid
- Plant Developmental and Regenerative Biology Laboratory, Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus 54590, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sheza Ayaz Khilji
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education Township, Lahore, Pakistan
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Gharabli H, Welner DH. The sugar donor specificity of plant family 1 glycosyltransferases. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1396268. [PMID: 38756413 PMCID: PMC11096472 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1396268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant family 1 glycosyltransferases (UGTs) represent a formidable tool to produce valuable natural and novel glycosides. Their regio- and stereo-specific one-step glycosylation mechanism along with their inherent wide acceptor scope are desirable traits in biotechnology. However, their donor scope and specificity are not well understood. Since different sugars have different properties in vivo and in vitro, the ability to easily glycodiversify target acceptors is desired, and this depends on our improved understanding of the donor binding site. In the aim to unlock the full potential of UGTs, studies have attempted to elucidate the structure-function relationship governing their donor specificity. These efforts have revealed a complex phenomenon, and general principles valid for multiple enzymes are elusive. Here, we review the studies of UGT donor specificity, and attempt to group the information into key concepts which can help shape future research. We zoom in on the family-defining PSPG motif, on two loop residues reported to interact with the C6 position of the sugar, and on the role of active site arginines in donor specificity. We continue to discuss attempts to alter and expand the donor specificity by enzyme engineering, and finally discuss future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ditte Hededam Welner
- The Novo Nordisk Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Śniegowska J, Biesiada A, Gasiński A. Influence of the Nitrogen Fertilization on the Yield, Biometric Characteristics and Chemical Composition of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni Grown in Poland. Molecules 2024; 29:1865. [PMID: 38675686 PMCID: PMC11054086 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a plant native to South America that has gathered much interest in recent decades thanks to diterpene glycosides, called steviosides, which it produces. These compounds are characterised by their sweetness, which is 250-300 times higher than saccharose, and they contain almost no caloric value. Stevia is currently also grown outside the South American continent, in various countries characterised by warm weather. This research aimed to determine whether it is viable to grow Stevia rebaudiana plants in Poland, a country characterised by a cooler climate than the native regions for stevia plants. Additionally, the impact of adding various dosages and forms of nitrogen fertiliser was analysed. It was determined that Stevia rebaudiana grown in Poland is characterised by a rather low concentration of steviosides, although proper nitrogen fertilisation can improve various characteristics of the grown plants. The addition of 100 kg or 150 kg of nitrogen per hectare of the field in the form of urea or ammonium nitrate increased the yield of the stevia plants. The stevioside content can be increased by applying fertilisation using 100 kg or 150 kg of nitrogen per hectare in the form of ammonium sulfate. The total yield of the stevia plants grown in Poland was lower than the yield typically recorded in warmer countries, and the low concentration of steviosides in the plant suggests that more research about growing Stevia rebaudiana in Poland would be needed to develop profitable methods of stevia cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Śniegowska
- Department of Horticulture, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland;
- Department of Fermentation and Cereals Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Anita Biesiada
- Department of Horticulture, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Alan Gasiński
- Department of Fermentation and Cereals Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland;
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Akram F, Fatima T, Shabbir I, Haq IU, Ibrar R, Mukhtar H. Abridgement of Microbial Esterases and Their Eminent Industrial Endeavors. Mol Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12033-024-01108-7. [PMID: 38461181 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-024-01108-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Esterases are hydrolases that contribute to the hydrolysis of ester bonds into both water-soluble acyl esters and emulsified glycerol-esters containing short-chain acyl groups. They have garnered significant attention from biotechnologists and organic chemists due to their immense commercial value. Esterases, with their diverse and significant properties, have become highly sought after for various industrial applications. Synthesized ubiquitously by a wide range of living organisms, including animals, plants, and microorganisms, these enzymes have found microbial esterases to be the preferred choice in industrial settings. The cost-effective production of microbial esterases ensures higher yields, unaffected by seasonal variations. Their applications span diverse sectors, such as food manufacturing, leather tanneries, paper and pulp production, textiles, detergents, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, biodiesel synthesis, bioremediation, and waste treatment. As the global trend shifts toward eco-friendly and sustainable practices, industrial processes are evolving with reduced waste generation, lower energy consumption, and the utilization of biocatalysts derived from renewable and unconventional raw materials. This review explores the background, structural characteristics, thermostability, and multifaceted roles of bacterial esterases in crucial industries, aiming to optimize and analyze their properties for continued successful utilization in diverse industrial processes. Additionally, recent advancements in esterase research are overviewed, showcasing novel techniques, innovations, and promising areas for further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Akram
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Taseer Fatima
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ifrah Shabbir
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ikram Ul Haq
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
- Pakistan Academy of Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ramesha Ibrar
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Hamid Mukhtar
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
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7
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Zhang X, Chen T, Li Z, Wang X, Bao H, Zhao C, Zhao X, Lu X, Xu G. Fine-Scale Characterization of Plant Diterpene Glycosides Using Energy-Resolved Untargeted LC-MS/MS Metabolomics Analysis. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2024; 35:603-612. [PMID: 38391322 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Plant diterpene glycosides are essential for diverse physiological processes. Comprehensive structural characterization proved to be a challenge due to variations in glycosylation patterns, diverse aglycone structures, and the absence of comprehensive reference databases. In this study, a method for fine-scale characterization was proposed based on energy-resolved (ER) untargeted LC-MS/MS metabolomics analysis using steviol glycosides as a demonstration. Energy-dependent fragmentation patterns were unveiled by a series of model compounds. Distinct glycosylation sites were discerned by leveraging varying fragmentation energies for the precursor ions. The sugar moiety linkage at C19OOH (R1) exhibited facile and intact cleavage at low collision energies, while the sugar moiety at C13-OH (R2) demonstrated consecutive cleavage with increasing energy. Aglycone ions exhibited a higher relative intensity at NCE 50, with relative intensities ranging from 95% to 100%. Subsequently, aglycone candidates, R1 sugar composition, and R2 sugar sequence were deduced through ER-MS/MS analysis. The developed method was applied to Stevia rebaudiana leaves. A total of 91 diterpene glycosides were unambiguously identified, including 16 steviol glycosides with novel acetylglycosylation patterns. This method offers a rapid alternative for glycan analysis and the structural differentiation of isomers. The developed method enhances the understanding of diterpene glycosides in plants, providing a reliable tool for the in-depth characterization of complex metabolite profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqiong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Tiantian Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Zaifang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Han Bao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Chunxia Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Xinjie Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Xin Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Guowang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
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Yang L, Yang M, Deng Z, Hou X, Zheng X, Ping Q, Rao Y, Shi J, Zhang Y. Selective synthesis of rebaudioside M2 through structure-guided engineering of glycosyltransferase UGT94D1. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1334427. [PMID: 38375456 PMCID: PMC10875103 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1334427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Rebaudioside M2 (Reb M2), a novel steviol glycoside derivative, has limited industrial applications due to its low synthetic yield and selectivity. Herein, we identify UGT94D1 as a selective glycosyltransferase for rebaudioside D (Reb D), leading to the production of a mono β-1,6-glycosylated derivative, Reb M2. A variant UGT94D1-F119I/D188P was developed through protein engineering. This mutant exhibited a 6.33-fold improvement in catalytic efficiency, and produced Reb M2 with 92% yield. Moreover, molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated that UGT94D1-F119I/D188P exhibited a shorter distance between the nucleophilic oxygen (OH6) of the substrate Reb D and uridine diphosphate glucose, along with an increased Ophosphate-C1-Oacceptor angle, thus improving the catalytic activity of the enzyme. Therefore, this study provides an efficient method for the selective synthesis of Reb M2 and paves the way for its applications in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Mengliang Yang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhiwei Deng
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaodong Hou
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiangting Zheng
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qian Ping
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yijian Rao
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jinsong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Lin Y, Liang M, Pang H, Wang Z, Bi H, Wei Y, Du L. Production of Gibberellins via a Non-Natural Pathway Using Steviol as a Substrate. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:540-548. [PMID: 38131295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Gibberellins (GAs) are plant hormones widely used in agriculture. At present, GAs are produced by fermentation of the fungus Fusarium fujikuroi. However, fungal growth is too slow, resulting in slow fungal fermentation and a low yield. Here, to develop an alternative production source of GAs, an artificial pathway was engineered in Escherichia coli. By selecting and combining enzymes derived from plants and bacteria, a novel 4-enzyme pathway was successfully constructed to produce GAs using steviol, a readily available and less valuable byproduct during enzymatic refining of rebaudioside A, as a feedstock. Whole-cell biotransformation with E. coli strain expressing the novel pathway produced 71.17 ± 2.00 mg/L GA1 and a trace amount of GA3 from steviol in 48 h. This report presents a significant advancement in the fast production of GAs and establishes a method for the metabolism of terpenoids to produce target products in microbial hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lin
- Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzymatic Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Daxue Road No. 100, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Meng Liang
- Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzymatic Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Daxue Road No. 100, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Hao Pang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-refinery, National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, National Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass Energy Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Daling Road No. 98, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China
| | - Zilong Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-refinery, National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, National Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass Energy Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Daling Road No. 98, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China
| | - Hai Bi
- Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzymatic Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Daxue Road No. 100, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Yutuo Wei
- Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzymatic Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Daxue Road No. 100, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Liqin Du
- Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzymatic Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Daxue Road No. 100, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
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Yuan Y, Yiasmin MN, Tristanto NA, Chen Y, Liu Y, Guan S, Wang Z, Hua X. Computational simulations on the taste mechanism of steviol glycosides based on their interactions with receptor proteins. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 255:128110. [PMID: 37981277 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Steviol glycoside (SG) is a potential natural sugar substitute. The taste of various SG structures differ significantly, while their mechanism has not been thoroughly investigated. To investigate the taste mechanism, molecular docking simulations of SGs with sweet taste receptor TAS1R2 and bitter taste receptor TAS2R4 were conducted. The result suggested that four flexible coils (regions) in TAS1R2 constructed a geometry open pocket in space responsible for the binding of sweeteners. Amino acids that form hydrogen bonds with sweeteners are located in different receptor regions. In bitterness simulation, fewer hydrogen bonds were formed with the increased size of SG molecules. Particularly, there was no interaction between RM and TAS2R4 due to its size, which explains the non-bitterness of RM. Molecular dynamics simulations further indicated that the number of hydrogen bonds between SGs and TAS1R2 was maintained during a simulation time of 50 ns, while sucrose was gradually released from the binding site, leading to the break of interaction. Conclusively, the high sweetness intensity of SG can be attributed to its durative concurrent interaction with the receptor's binding site, and such behavior was determined by the structure feature of SG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Yuan
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Mst Nushrat Yiasmin
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | | | - Yujie Chen
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Sevtia Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Wuxi 214181, China
| | - Yaxian Liu
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Science, University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Garbenstr. 25, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Shuyi Guan
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zijie Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiao Hua
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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11
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Ptak A, Szewczyk A, Simlat M, Błażejczak A, Warchoł M. Meta-Topolin-induced mass shoot multiplication and biosynthesis of valuable secondary metabolites in Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni bioreactor culture. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15520. [PMID: 37726319 PMCID: PMC10509197 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42619-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni possesses various medicinal and food industrial applications. This study is the first to explore the effect of the cytokinins meta-Topolin (mT; 6-(3-hydroxybenzylamino) purine), zeatin, kinetin, and BAP (6-benzylaminopurine) at concentrations of 0 (control), 5, 10, and 15 µM on shoot multiplication, as well as stevioside, rebaudioside A, phenolic acid, and flavonoid content in bioreactor cultures. The highest number of shoots (23.4 per explant) was obtained in the medium containing 5 μM of mT. However, 15 μM of mT was superior for fresh biomass production and dry biomass accumulation. Reversed-phase (RP)-HPLC analysis showed a beneficial effect of 5 μM mT on stevioside (11.43 mg/g dry weight [DW]) and rebaudioside A (10.74 mg/g DW) biosynthesis. In all conditions, the ratio of rebaudioside A/stevioside ranged from 0.75 to 1.12. The phenolic acids chlorogenic, neochlorogenic, isochlorogenic A, and rosmarinic were confirmed in the stevia extracts, as were the flavonoids isoquercetin, and quercitrin. The highest accumulations of chlorogenic and neochlorogenic acids and flavonoids were observed in shoot tissues derived from 5 µM mT, whereas 5 µM of BAP stimulated biosynthesis of chlorogenic, isochlorogenic A, and rosmarinic acids. This is the first report on the use of mT-cytokinin showing high potential in stevia cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Ptak
- Department of Plant Breeding, Physiology and Seed Science, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Łobzowska 24, 31-140, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Szewczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Simlat
- Department of Plant Breeding, Physiology and Seed Science, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Łobzowska 24, 31-140, Krakow, Poland
| | - Alicja Błażejczak
- Department of Plant Breeding, Physiology and Seed Science, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Łobzowska 24, 31-140, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marzena Warchoł
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
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12
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Miladinova-Georgieva K, Geneva M, Stancheva I, Petrova M, Sichanova M, Kirova E. Effects of Different Elicitors on Micropropagation, Biomass and Secondary Metabolite Production of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni-A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:plants12010153. [PMID: 36616282 PMCID: PMC9824860 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a valuable plant whose products are increasingly used in medicine, pharmacy and the food industry. This necessitates the use of biotechnological approaches for its mass propagation. Establishing optimal conditions for in vitro cultivation is essential for obtaining high biomass and secondary metabolites production. A large number of articles considering the role of plant growth regulators and other additives in the culture medium in the growth and development of Stevia are available in the literature. However, there are no summarized data about the use of nanoparticles in Stevia tissue cultures. Therefore, this review also includes the research conducted so far on the effect of nanoparticles on Stevia micropropagation. Furthermore, the influence of different elicitors on secondary metabolite production and antioxidant activity of in vitro-cultivated Stevia plants have been discussed. By referring to the collected literature, we concluded that biotechnological approaches applied to S. rebaudiana cultivation might improve the agronomic traits of plants and steviol glycosides production.
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13
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Efficient synthesis of rebaudioside D2 through UGT94D1-catalyzed regio-selective glycosylation. Carbohydr Res 2022; 522:108687. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Villegas-Novoa C, Wang Y, Sims CE, Allbritton NL. Development of a Primary Human Intestinal Epithelium Enriched in L-Cells for Assay of GLP-1 Secretion. Anal Chem 2022; 94:9648-9655. [PMID: 35758929 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease associated with obesity and dysregulated human feeding behavior. The hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), a critical regulator of body weight, food intake, and blood glucose levels, is secreted by enteroendocrine L-cells. The paucity of L-cells in primary intestinal cell cultures including organoids and monolayers has made assays of GLP-1 secretion from primary human cells challenging. In the current paper, an analytical assay pipeline consisting of an optimized human intestinal tissue construct enriched in L-cells paired with standard antibody-based GLP-1 assays was developed to screen compounds for the development of pharmaceuticals to modulate L-cell signaling. The addition of the serotonin receptor agonist Bimu 8, optimization of R-spondin and Noggin concentrations, and utilization of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) increased the density of L-cells in a primary human colonic epithelial monolayer. Additionally, the incorporation of an air-liquid interface culture format increased the L-cell number so that the signal-to-noise ratio of conventional enzyme-linked immunoassays could be used to monitor GLP-1 secretion in compound screens. To demonstrate the utility of the optimized analytical method, 21 types of beverage sweeteners were screened for their ability to stimulate GLP-1 secretion. Stevioside and cyclamate were found to be the most potent inducers of GLP-1 secretion. This platform enables the quantification of GLP-1 secretion from human primary L-cells and will have broad application in understanding L-cell formation and physiology and will improve the identification of modulators of human feeding behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Villegas-Novoa
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Yuli Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | | | - Nancy L Allbritton
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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15
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Muenprasitivej N, Tao R, Nardone SJ, Cho S. The Effect of Steviol Glycosides on Sensory Properties and Acceptability of Ice Cream. Foods 2022; 11:foods11121745. [PMID: 35741943 PMCID: PMC9223086 DOI: 10.3390/foods11121745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been a challenge in overcoming the bitter aftertaste of stevia, a natural non-caloric sweetener. Recent research focuses on investigating various types of steviol glycosides, the sweet compounds in stevia leaves, as they exhibit different sensory characteristics. This study determined the sensory properties and acceptability of ice cream sweetened solely with three steviol glycosides, rebaudioside (Reb) A, D, and M (0.09% w/v), using sucrose-sweetened ice cream as a control (14% w/v). Ice cream consumers (n = 92) rated their overall liking, attribute liking, and sweetness and bitterness intensities and described the aftertastes of each sample using check-all-that-apply. The liking scores of Reb D- and M-sweetened ice creams were significantly higher than those of Reb A-sweetened ice cream. Among the three glycosides, only Reb M showed a sweetness intensity comparable with that of sucrose. Consumers perceived the aftertastes of Reb D and M ice creams as being more sweet, pleasant, creamy, and milky, while Reb A was more artificial and chemical. Reb D and M ice creams were also plotted close to sucrose in the correspondence analysis graph, meaning that their aftertaste characteristics were similar to those of sucrose. The present study clearly highlights that Reb D and M have better tastes and provide better perceptions to consumers than Reb A, which is the most widely used glycoside in food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ran Tao
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Sarah Jeanne Nardone
- Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (N.M.); (S.J.N.)
| | - Sungeun Cho
- Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (N.M.); (S.J.N.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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Zhang P, Li Q, Chen Y, Peng N, Liu W, Wang X, Li Y. Induction of cellulase production in Trichoderma reesei by a glucose-sophorose mixture as an inducer prepared using stevioside. RSC Adv 2022; 12:17392-17400. [PMID: 35765440 PMCID: PMC9190947 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01192a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sophorose is currently the most effective inducer of cellulase production by Trichoderma reesei; however, the use of byproduct sophorose from the stevioside acid hydrolysis process has not been developed. In this study, stevioside was hydrolysed with different concentrations of HCl to obtain isosteviol and a mixture of glucose and sophorose (MGS). Isosteviol showed good inhibitory effects on the growth of Aspergillus niger, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli after separation. At the same time, MGS, as a byproduct, was evaluated for cellulase production to determine the feasibility of this approach. MGS was compared with common soluble inducers, such as lactose, cellobiose, and a mixture of glucose and β-disaccharide (MGD), and induced higher cellulase production than the other inducers. The cellulase activity induced by MGS was 1.64- and 5.26-fold higher than that induced by lactose and cellobiose, respectively, and was not significantly different from that induced by MGD. The crude enzyme using MGS as an inducer with commercial β-glucosidase was further tested by hydrolyzing NaOH-pretreated corn stover with 5% solid loading, and 33.4 g L-1 glucose was released with a glucose yield of 96.04%. The strategy developed in this work will be beneficial for reducing inducer production cost through a simple stevia glycoside hydrolysis reaction and will contribute to studies aimed at improving cellulase production using soluble inducers for easier operation in industrial-scale cellulase production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microorganism, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology Chongqing 401331 China +86-23-65022211
| | - Qian Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microorganism, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology Chongqing 401331 China +86-23-65022211
| | - Yudian Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microorganism, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology Chongqing 401331 China +86-23-65022211
| | - Nian Peng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microorganism, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology Chongqing 401331 China +86-23-65022211
| | - Wenshu Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microorganism, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology Chongqing 401331 China +86-23-65022211
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microorganism, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology Chongqing 401331 China +86-23-65022211
| | - Yonghao Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microorganism, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology Chongqing 401331 China +86-23-65022211
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17
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Yu J, Tao Y, Pan H, Lin L, Sun J, Ma R, Li Y, Jia H. Mutation of Stevia glycosyltransferase UGT76G1 for efficient biotransformation of rebaudioside E into rebaudioside M. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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18
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Culturing Important Plants for Sweet Secondary Products under Consideration of Environmentally Friendly Aspects. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10040703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Some sweet tasting plant secondary metabolites are non-caloric or low nutritive compounds that have traditional use in food formulations. This mini-review focuses on conventional and advanced cultivation regimes of plants that accumulate sweet tasting or sweet taste modulating secondary metabolites of potential economic importance, in particular mogrosides (Siraitia grosvenorii), phyllodulcin (Hydrangea macrophylla), glycyrrhizin (Glycyrrhiza glabra), steviol glycosides (Stevia grosvenorii), and rubusoside (Rubus suavissimus). Consequential obstacles during the cultivation of Hydrangea macrophylla cultivars outside their natural habitat in a protected cultivation environment are addressed. Culturing at non-habitat locations facilitates short transportation routes of plant material for processing, which can be a key to an economically and environmentally compatible usage. The biosynthetic pathways, as far as known, are shortly mentioned. The proved or hypothetical degradation pathways of the compounds to minimalize environmental contamination are another focal point.
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19
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Judickaitė A, Lyushkevich V, Filatova I, Mildažienė V, Žūkienė R. The Potential of Cold Plasma and Electromagnetic Field as Stimulators of Natural Sweeteners Biosynthesis in Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11050611. [PMID: 35270081 PMCID: PMC8912274 DOI: 10.3390/plants11050611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Stevioside (Stev) and rebaudioside A (RebA) are the most abundant steviol glycosides (SGs) responsible for the sweetness of Stevia rabaudiana Bertoni. As compared to Stev, RebA has a higher sweetening potency, better taste and therefore is the most preferred component of the stevia leaf extracts. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of pre-sowing seed treatment with abiotic stressors cold plasma (CP) and electromagnetic field (EMF) on the amount and ratio of RebA and Stev in the leaves of stevia. Additionally, the effect on total phenolic content, flavonoid content and antioxidant activity was investigated. Seeds were treated 5 and 7 min with cold plasma (CP5 and CP7 groups) and 10 min with electromagnetic field (EMF10 group) six days before sowing. The germination tests in vitro demonstrated that all treatments slightly increased germination rate and percentage. HPLC analysis revealed that CP and EMF had strong stimulating effect on SGs accumulation. All treatments increased RebA concentration approximately 1.6-fold; however, the ratio of RebA/Stev decreased from 8.5 in the control to 1.9, 2.5 and 1.1 in CP5, CP7 and EMF10 groups respectively, since the concentration of Stev increased more than RebA, 7.1, 4.6 and 11.0-fold, respectively, compared to control. However, treatments had opposite effect on total phenolic content, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity. We have demonstrated for the first time that short time pre-sowing treatment of stevia seeds with CP and EMF can be a powerful tool for the enhancement of biosynthesis of RebA and Stev, however it can have negative impact on the content of other secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustė Judickaitė
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos Str. 8, LT-44404 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.J.); (V.M.)
| | - Veronika Lyushkevich
- B. I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 68 Prospekt Nezavisimosti, BY-220072 Minsk, Belarus; (V.L.); (I.F.)
| | - Irina Filatova
- B. I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 68 Prospekt Nezavisimosti, BY-220072 Minsk, Belarus; (V.L.); (I.F.)
| | - Vida Mildažienė
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos Str. 8, LT-44404 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.J.); (V.M.)
| | - Rasa Žūkienė
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos Str. 8, LT-44404 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.J.); (V.M.)
- Correspondence:
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20
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Hernández KV, Moreno-Romero J, Hernández de la Torre M, Manríquez CP, Leal DR, Martínez-Garcia JF. Effect of light intensity on steviol glycosides production in leaves of Stevia rebaudiana plants. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 194:113027. [PMID: 34861537 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.113027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Stevia rebaudiana leaf extracts contain stevioside and rebaudioside A, two steviol glycosides (SGs) used as natural sweeteners because of their non-toxic, thermally stable and non-caloric properties. Indeed, leaf extracts can be up to 300 times sweeter than sucrose. Stevioside and rebaudioside A have organoleptic differences, the first one having an undesirable bitterness and the second one a higher sweetener capacity. Selection of the S. rebaudiana varieties and the best environmental conditions that elicit higher SGs content and the appropriate composition is an important goal. In this study we quantified and compared the amount of stevioside and rebaudioside A in two of the most used S. rebaudiana cultivars, Morita II and Criolla. Our results show a strong differential ratio of stevioside and rebaudioside A accumulated in the leaf between these cultivars. The Criolla cultivar showed about 3 times more stevioside per mg of dry weight than Morita II, whereas the Morita II accumulated almost 10 times more rebaudioside A than that produced in Criolla. We observed an enhanced expression in Morita II of three genes (SrKA13H, SrUGT74G1 and SrUGT76G1) known to encode three enzymes that participate in SGs biosynthesis, likely contributing to the differences in the stevioside and rebaudioside A accumulation. Not only genetic variation can affect SGs composition, but also environmental factors and crop management. Numerous studies have shown that the light regime in which S. rebaudiana cultivars grow can affect SGs accumulation. However, the optimal light regime to increase total SGs content is currently controversial. By applying various light intensities, we detected an increase of expression of these three biosynthetic genes at higher light intensity, accompanied by higher levels of stevioside and rebaudioside A, demonstrating that light intensity influences the synthesis of SGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Vives Hernández
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, Universidad de Concepción, Victoria 631, Barrio Universitario, Casilla 160-Correo 3, Concepción, Chile; Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jordi Moreno-Romero
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology (IBMCP), CSIC-UPV, Valencia, Spain
| | - Martha Hernández de la Torre
- Faculty of Forestry Sciences and Biotechnology Center. Universidad de Concepción, Victoria 631, Barrio Universitario, Casilla 160-Correo 3, Concepción, Chile
| | - Claudia Pérez Manríquez
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, Universidad de Concepción, Victoria 631, Barrio Universitario, Casilla 160-Correo 3, Concepción, Chile
| | - Darcy Ríos Leal
- Faculty of Forestry Sciences and Biotechnology Center. Universidad de Concepción, Victoria 631, Barrio Universitario, Casilla 160-Correo 3, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jaime F Martínez-Garcia
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology (IBMCP), CSIC-UPV, Valencia, Spain
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21
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Czinkóczky R, Németh Á. Enrichment of the rebaudioside A concentration in Stevia rebaudiana extract with cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13. Eng Life Sci 2022; 22:30-39. [PMID: 35024025 PMCID: PMC8727726 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202100111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stevia rebaudiana is a sweet herbaceous perennial plant, which is frequently used in the preparation of plant-based sweeteners. The demand for such sweeteners continues to increase due to purposeful nutrition and modern-day metabolic syndromes. More than 20 types of steviol glycosides provide a sweet taste, which are more than 300 times sweeter than sucrose. They are formed of two main components, namely stevioside and rebaudioside A. Only a handful of studies have dealt with Stevia rebaudiana leaf extracts, the conversion of pure stevioside into the preferred rebaudioside A is more common. The aim of this study was to enrich the rebaudioside A content of Stevia rebaudiana leaf extract using enzymatic bioconversion by applying fermented cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from Bacillus licheniformis DSM13. Two differently processed plant materials, namely dried and lyophilized Stevia rebaudiana plants, were extracted and compared. Following the bioconversion, the rebaudioside A content was on average doubled. The maximum increase was fivefold with a 70-80% conversion of the stevioside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Réka Czinkóczky
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food SciencesBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsBudapestHungary
| | - Áron Németh
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food SciencesBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsBudapestHungary
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22
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Wang H, Guo H, Wang N, Huo YX. Toward the Heterologous Biosynthesis of Plant Natural Products: Gene Discovery and Characterization. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:2784-2795. [PMID: 34757715 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Plant natural products (PNPs) represent a vast and diverse group of natural products, which have wide applications such as emulsifiers in cosmetics, sweeteners in foods, and active ingredients in medicines. Large-scale production of certain PNPs (e.g., artemisinin, taxol) has been implemented by reconstruction of biosynthetic pathways in heterologous hosts. However, unknown biosynthetic pathways greatly restrict wide applications of heterologous production of PNPs of interest. With the rapid development of sequencing and multiomics analysis technologies, huge amounts of omics data, i.e., genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics, have been deposited in public databases, which is a precious resource for identification of the unknown biosynthetic pathway of PNPs. Herein, we have enumerated the approaches which have been widely used to screen candidate genes involved in the biosynthesis of PNPs of interest. We also discuss recent developments in the characterization of putative genes and elucidation of the complete biosynthetic pathway in heterologous hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyan Wang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Hao Guo
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Xin Huo
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, 100081 Beijing, China
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
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23
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Influence of Light Conditions and Medium Composition on Morphophysiological Characteristics of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni In Vitro and In Vivo. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7070195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the influence of different conditions (light composition and plant growth regulators (PGRs) in culture media) on the morphophysiological parameters of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni in vitro and in vivo. Both PGRs and the light spectra applied were found to significantly affect plant morphogenesis. During the micropropagation stage of S. rebaudiana, optimal growth, with a multiplication coefficient of 15, was obtained in an MS culture medium containing 2,4-epibrassinolide (Epin) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.5 mg L−1, respectively. During the rooting stage, we found that the addition of 0.5 mg L−1 hydroxycinnamic acid (Zircon) to the MS medium led to an optimal root formation frequency of 85% and resulted in the formation of strong plants with well-developed leaf blades. Cultivation on media containing 0.1 mg L−1 Epin and 0.5 mg L−1 IAA and receiving coherent light irradiation on a weekly basis resulted in a 100% increase in the multiplication coefficient, better adventitious shoot growth, and a 33% increase in the number of leaves. S. rebaudiana microshoots, cultured on MS media containing 1.0 mg L−1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 0.5 mg L−1 IAA with red monochrome light treatments, increased the multiplication coefficient by 30% compared with controls (white light, media without PGRs).
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