1
|
Bilal M, Bashir H, Ameen R, Sumrin A, Hussain M, Manzoor S. Anti HCV activity and expression inhibition of HCC markers by protein extract from Iberis gibraltarica. BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 84:e252676. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.252676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) is the foremost reason of progressive hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis, with an elevated risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. Medicinal plants have been used for human health benefits for several years, but their therapeutic potential needs to be explored. The main objective of this study was to figure out the in vitro antiviral and anticancer characteristics of total crude protein of Iberis gibraltarica against HCV and HCC. Total crude protein of Iberis gibraltarica was isolated and quantified. The level of cytotoxicity was measured against the HepG2 cell line and it shows no significant cytotoxicity at the concentration of 504µg/ml. The anti-HCV effect was determined by absolute quantification via real time RT-PCR method and viral titer was reduced up to 66% in a dose dependent manner against the total protein of Iberis gibraltarica. The anticancer potential of Iberis gibraltarica was also examined through mRNA expression studies of AFP and GPC3 genes against the total protein of Iberis gibraltarica-treated HepG2 cells. The results show up to 90% of the down-regulation expression of AFP and GPC3. The obtained results indicate the therapeutic potential of total protein of Iberis gibraltarica against HCV and hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Bilal
- University of the Punjab, Pakistan
| | | | - R. Ameen
- University of the Punjab, Pakistan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Braitmaier M, Kollhorst B, Heinig M, Langner I, Czwikla J, Heinze F, Buschmann L, Minnerup H, García-Albéniz X, Hense HW, Karch A, Zeeb H, Haug U, Didelez V. Effectiveness of Mammography Screening on Breast Cancer Mortality – A Study Protocol for Emulation of Target Trials Using German Health Claims Data. Clin Epidemiol 2022; 14:1293-1303. [PMID: 36353307 PMCID: PMC9639456 DOI: 10.2147/clep.s376107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The efficacy of mammography screening in reducing breast cancer mortality has been demonstrated in randomized trials. However, treatment options - and hence prognosis – for advanced tumor stages as well as mammography techniques have considerably improved since completion of these trials. Consequently, the effectiveness of mammography screening under current conditions is unclear and controversial. The German mammography screening program (MSP), an organized population-based screening program, was gradually introduced between 2005 and 2008 and achieved nation-wide coverage in 2009. Objective We describe in detail a study protocol for investigating the effectiveness of the German MSP in reducing breast cancer mortality in women aged 50 to 69 years based on health claims data. Specifically, the proposed study aims at estimating per-protocol effects of several screening strategies on cumulative breast cancer mortality. The first analysis will be conducted once 10-year follow-up data are available. Methods and Analysis We will use claims data from five statutory health insurance providers in Germany, covering approximately 37.6 million individuals. To estimate the effectiveness of the MSP, hypothetical target trials will be emulated across time, an approach that has been demonstrated to minimize design-related biases. Specifically, the primary contrast will be in terms of the cumulative breast cancer mortality comparing the screening strategies of “never screen” versus “regular screening as intended by the MSP”. Ethics and Dissemination In Germany, the utilization of data from health insurances for scientific research is regulated by the Code of Social Law. All involved health insurance providers as well as the responsible authorities approved the use of the health claims data for this study. The Ethics Committee of the University of Bremen determined that studies based on claims data are exempt from institutional review. The findings of the proposed study will be published in peer-reviewed journals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malte Braitmaier
- Department of Biometry and Data Management, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Bianca Kollhorst
- Department of Biometry and Data Management, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Miriam Heinig
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Ingo Langner
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Jonas Czwikla
- SOCIUM Research Center on Inequality and Social Policy, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Franziska Heinze
- SOCIUM Research Center on Inequality and Social Policy, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Laura Buschmann
- Institute for Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Westfälische Wilhelms University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Heike Minnerup
- Institute for Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Westfälische Wilhelms University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Xabiér García-Albéniz
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- RTI Health Solutions, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hans-Werner Hense
- Institute for Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Westfälische Wilhelms University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - André Karch
- Institute for Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Westfälische Wilhelms University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hajo Zeeb
- Department of Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Bremen, Germany
- Faculty of Human and Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Haug
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Bremen, Germany
- Faculty of Human and Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Vanessa Didelez
- Department of Biometry and Data Management, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Bremen, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Correspondence: Vanessa Didelez, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Department of Biometry and Data Management, Achterstraße 30, Bremen, 28359, Germany, Tel +49-421-56939, Fax +49-421-56941, Email
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Inoue Y, Fujishima M, Ono M, Masuda J, Ozaki Y, Maeda T, Uehiro N, Takahashi Y, Kobayashi T, Sakai T, Osako T, Ueno T, Ohno S. Clinical significance of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in oligometastatic breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2022; 196:341-348. [PMID: 36153381 PMCID: PMC9581831 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-022-06726-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Purpose This study investigated the clinical impact of pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) on survival in patients with oligometastatic breast cancer. Patients and methods We collected data from 397 patients who underwent primary breast surgery from 2004 to 2015 and developed recurrence during the follow-up. We reviewed the images and clinical information and defined OMD according to the European Society for Medical Oncology advanced breast cancer guidelines. The NLR was calculated using pretreatment data of primary breast cancer. The cutoff value of the NLR was determined by receiver operating characteristic curve with Youden Index. Results Among 397 patients, 131 had OMD at recurrence. The low-NLR group included patients of significantly older age at primary cancer than those in the high-NLR group. A low NLR indicated a better overall survival (p = 0.023) after adjusting for relevant factors, including estrogen receptor status, surgical resection of metastatic disease, metastatic organ number, disease-free interval, and liver metastasis than did the high-NLR group. We developed prognostic models for OMD using six independent prognostic factors, including the NLR. The number of factors was associated with overall survival; patients with all six favorable factors showed a good overall survival of 90.9% at 8 years and those with four or more factors showed 70.4%. Conclusions The NLR was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in OMD. The number of favorable prognostic factors was associated with overall survival. A prognostic model, including the NLR, will help identify patients with a favorable prognosis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10549-022-06726-w.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Inoue
- Breast Surgical Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550 Japan
| | - Makoto Fujishima
- Department of Surgery, Kuma Hospital, Shinkokai Medical Corporation, 8-2-35, Shimoyamate-dori, Chuo-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo-ken 650-0011 Japan
| | - Makiko Ono
- Medical Oncology, The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550 Japan
| | - Jun Masuda
- Breast Medical Oncology, The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550 Japan
| | - Yukinori Ozaki
- Breast Medical Oncology, The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550 Japan
| | - Tetsuyo Maeda
- Breast Surgical Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550 Japan
| | - Natsue Uehiro
- Breast Surgical Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550 Japan
| | - Yoko Takahashi
- Breast Surgical Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550 Japan
| | - Takayuki Kobayashi
- Breast Medical Oncology, The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550 Japan
| | - Takehiko Sakai
- Breast Surgical Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550 Japan
| | - Tomo Osako
- Division of Pathology, The Cancer Institute of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550 Japan
| | - Takayuki Ueno
- Breast Surgical Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550 Japan
| | - Shinji Ohno
- Breast Oncology Center, The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Singh A, Sharma P, Pal H, Sharma S, Dixit A. Isolated Sixth Nerve Palsy as the First Manifestation of Cavernous Sinus Metastasis From Primary Breast Cancer. Cureus 2021; 13:e20094. [PMID: 35003950 PMCID: PMC8723733 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cavernous sinus metastasis is a rare clinical finding, presenting most commonly with complaints of headache, diplopia, visual field defects, facial pain, and progressive neurological deficits. Many patients present with features of III, IV, and VI nerve palsies. We hereby report an unusual case of cavernous sinus metastasis from primary breast cancer in a 40-year-old female, who presented with binocular diplopia due to left VI nerve palsy as the first presenting complaint. The patient had a history of surgery for left breast cancer which was performed at another center. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) scan of thorax and abdomen revealed a residual neoplastic left breast mass with satellite nodules, left axillary lymphadenopathy, and hepatic, splenic, and skeletal metastasis. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE-MRI) of brain and orbit showed enhancing lesion of 20 mm x 10 mm along the lateral wall of left cavernous sinus and left petrous apex. She was referred to radiation oncology department for further management. This case report highlights the importance of ophthalmologists in such life-threatening conditions, who may first present to them.
Collapse
|
5
|
Salvestrini V, Iorio GC, Borghetti P, De Felice F, Greco C, Nardone V, Fiorentino A, Gregucci F, Desideri I. The impact of modern radiotherapy on long-term cardiac sequelae in breast cancer survivor: a focus on deep inspiration breath-hold (DIBH) technique. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 148:409-417. [PMID: 34853887 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03875-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION One of the most feared side effects of radiotherapy (RT) in the setting of breast cancer (BC) patients is cardiac toxicity. This side effect can jeopardize the quality of life (QoL) of long-term survivors. The impact of modern techniques of RT such as deep inspiration breath hold (DIBH) have dramatically changed this setting. We report and discuss the results of the literature overview of this paper. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literature references were obtained with a PubMed query, hand searching, and clinicaltrials.gov. RESULTS We reported and discussed the toxicity of RT and the improvements due to the modern techniques in the setting of BC patients. CONCLUSIONS BC patients often have a long life expectancy, thus the RT should aim at limiting toxicities and at the same time maintaining the same high cure rates. Further studies are needed to evaluate the risk-benefit ratio to identify patients at higher risk and to tailor the treatment choices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Salvestrini
- Radiation Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy.
| | - G C Iorio
- Radiation Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - P Borghetti
- Radiation Oncology, University and SpedaliCivili, Brescia, Italy
| | - F De Felice
- Radiation Oncology, Policlinico Umberto I "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - C Greco
- Radiation Oncology, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - V Nardone
- RadiationOncology, Ospedale del Mare, Viale della Metamorfosi, Naples, Italy
| | - A Fiorentino
- Radiation Oncology, General Regional Hospital "F. Miulli, Acquaviva delle Fonti, Bari, Italy
| | - F Gregucci
- Radiation Oncology, General Regional Hospital "F. Miulli, Acquaviva delle Fonti, Bari, Italy
| | - I Desideri
- Radiation Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kiani A, Behzadnia B, Jafarizadeh H. Study of the role of regular physical activity on promoting hedonism and eudaimonia in breast cancer survivors. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:2286-2290. [PMID: 32754489 PMCID: PMC7380797 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_331_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Individuals who have completed cancer treatment may have psychological and physical challenges. Participating in regular physical activity is considered as one of the most important factors for improving postcancer experience. Aims The aim of this study was to examine the effect of participating in physical activities on hedonism and eudaimonia among breast cancer survivors. Methods The research method was a semi-experimental design in the form of time-series using two experimental and control groups. 42 breast cancer survivors participated in this study in Urmia. Data using motives for activation of hedonism and eudiamonia (HEMA) were gathered before the intervention program (pre-test), at the end of intervention (the first post-test), and two weeks after the first post-test (the second post-test). For data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics (T-test, Chi-square, and repeated measures ANOVA) were used. Result Repeated measures ANOVA analysis in the three different periods of pre-test, post-test, and a month later post-test showed that changes in the mean score of hedonism and eudaimonia motivation were not similar in the two groups and indicated the improvement of dialysis adequacy in the intervention group compared with the control group. Conclusion Generally, the results showed that participating in regular physical activity is an effective intervention on enhancing the motives for hedonism and eduaimonia in breast cancer survivors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arezou Kiani
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Behzad Behzadnia
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hossein Jafarizadeh
- Patient Safety Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Amorim M, Lobo J, Fontes-Sousa M, Estevão-Pereira H, Salta S, Lopes P, Coimbra N, Antunes L, Palma de Sousa S, Henrique R, Jerónimo C. Predictive and Prognostic Value of Selected MicroRNAs in Luminal Breast Cancer. Front Genet 2019; 10:815. [PMID: 31572437 PMCID: PMC6749838 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BrC) is the most frequent malignancy and the leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. Approximately 70% of BrC are classified as luminal-like subtype, expressing the estrogen receptor. One of the most common and effective adjuvant therapies for this BrC subtype is endocrine therapy. However, its effectiveness is limited, with relapse occurring in up to 40% of patients. Because microRNAs have been associated with several mechanisms underlying endocrine resistance and sensitivity, they may serve as predictive and/or prognostic biomarkers in this setting. Hence, the main goal of this study was to investigate whether miRNAs deregulated in endocrine-resistant BrC may be clinically relevant as prognostic and predictive biomarkers in patients treated with adjuvant endocrine therapy. A global expression assay allowed for the identification of microRNAs differentially expressed between luminal BrC patients with or without recurrence after endocrine adjuvant therapy. Then, six microRNAs were chosen for validation using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in a larger set of tissue samples. Thus, miR-30c-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-182-5p, and miR-200b-3p were found to be independent predictors of clinical benefit from endocrine therapy. Moreover, miR-182-5p and miR-200b-3p displayed independent prognostic value for disease recurrence in luminal BrC patients after endocrine therapy. Our results indicate that selected miRNAs’ panels may constitute clinically useful ancillary tools for management of luminal BrC patients. Nevertheless, additional validation, ideally in a multicentric setting, is required to confirm our findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Amorim
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal.,Master in Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar-University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - João Lobo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar-University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Mário Fontes-Sousa
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal.,Department of Medical Oncology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Helena Estevão-Pereira
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal.,Master in Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar-University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Salta
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Lopes
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Coimbra
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar-University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Antunes
- Department of Epidemiology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Palma de Sousa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar-University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar-University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rye IH, Trinh A, Sætersdal AB, Nebdal D, Lingjærde OC, Almendro V, Polyak K, Børresen‐Dale A, Helland Å, Markowetz F, Russnes HG. Intratumor heterogeneity defines treatment-resistant HER2+ breast tumors. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:1838-1855. [PMID: 30133130 PMCID: PMC6210052 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapy for patients with HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer has improved overall survival, but many patients still suffer relapse and death from the disease. Intratumor heterogeneity of both estrogen receptor (ER) and HER2 expression has been proposed to play a key role in treatment failure, but little work has been done to comprehensively study this heterogeneity at the single-cell level. In this study, we explored the clinical impact of intratumor heterogeneity of ER protein expression, HER2 protein expression, and HER2 gene copy number alterations. Using combined immunofluorescence and in situ hybridization on tissue sections followed by a validated computational approach, we analyzed more than 13 000 single tumor cells across 37 HER2+ breast tumors. The samples were taken both before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus HER2-targeted treatment, enabling us to study tumor evolution as well. We found that intratumor heterogeneity for HER2 copy number varied substantially between patient samples. Highly heterogeneous tumors were associated with significantly shorter disease-free survival and fewer long-term survivors. Patients for which HER2 characteristics did not change during treatment had a significantly worse outcome. This work shows the impact of intratumor heterogeneity in molecular diagnostics for treatment selection in HER2+ breast cancer patients and the power of computational scoring methods to evaluate in situ molecular markers in tissue biopsies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inga H. Rye
- Department of Cancer GeneticsInstitute for Cancer ResearchOslo University Hospital RadiumhospitaletNorway
| | - Anne Trinh
- Cancer Research UKCambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeUK
- Present address:
Department of Medical OncologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMAUSA
| | | | - Daniel Nebdal
- Department of Cancer GeneticsInstitute for Cancer ResearchOslo University Hospital RadiumhospitaletNorway
| | - Ole Christian Lingjærde
- Department of Cancer GeneticsInstitute for Cancer ResearchOslo University Hospital RadiumhospitaletNorway
- Biomedical Informatics DivisionDepartment of Computer ScienceUniversity of OsloNorway
| | - Vanessa Almendro
- Department of Medical OncologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMAUSA
- Present address:
Vertex PharmaceuticalsBostonMAUSA
| | - Kornelia Polyak
- Department of Medical OncologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMAUSA
| | - Anne‐Lise Børresen‐Dale
- Department of Cancer GeneticsInstitute for Cancer ResearchOslo University Hospital RadiumhospitaletNorway
- Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloNorway
| | - Åslaug Helland
- Department of Cancer GeneticsInstitute for Cancer ResearchOslo University Hospital RadiumhospitaletNorway
- Department of OncologyOslo University HospitalNorway
- Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloNorway
| | | | - Hege G. Russnes
- Department of Cancer GeneticsInstitute for Cancer ResearchOslo University Hospital RadiumhospitaletNorway
- Department of PathologyOslo University HospitalNorway
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chan TY, Tang JI, Tan PW, Roberts N. Dosimetric evaluation and systematic review of radiation therapy techniques for early stage node-negative breast cancer treatment. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:4853-4870. [PMID: 30425577 PMCID: PMC6205528 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s172818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) is essential in treating women with early stage breast cancer. Early stage node-negative breast cancer (ESNNBC) offers a good prognosis; hence, late effects of breast RT becomes increasingly important. Recent literature suggests a potential for an increase in cardiac and pulmonary events after RT. However, these studies have not taken into account the impact of newer and current RT techniques that are now available. Hence, this review aimed to evaluate the clinical evidence for each technique and determine the optimal radiation technique for ESNNBC treatment. Currently, six RT techniques are consistently used and studied: 1) prone positioning, 2) proton beam RT, 3) intensity-modulated RT, 4) breath-hold, 5) partial breast irradiation, and 6) intraoperative RT. These techniques show dosimetric promise. However, limited data on late cardiac and pulmonary events exist due to challenges in long-term follow-up. Moving forward, future studies are needed to validate the efficacy and clinical outcomes of these current techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tabitha Y Chan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, Singapore,
| | - Johann I Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, Singapore,
| | - Poh Wee Tan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, Singapore,
| | - Neill Roberts
- Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is considered as incurable. The group of patients with oligometastatic disease (a few metastatic lesions and organs involved) apparently have better prognosis. It is claimed that, these patients could be treated with curative intent, and multidisciplinary aggressive approach should be considered. Despite the lack of strong data it is increasingly accepted in clinical practice. Currently, the appropriate candidate would be young woman with good performance status, low tumour burden with long disease-free interval. Because for them with already favorable nature of their disease, aggressive treatment has greater chances to improve survivals. Local ablative treatment (radiotherapy/surgery) has a crucial role in this setting. Available mainly from retrospective in nature long-term results are encouraging but need confirmation in prospective randomized studies. In this review, I discuss the definition of oligometastatic disease, its nature, currently available data and ongoing prospective randomized trials dedicated to oligometastatic breast cancer patients.
Collapse
|
11
|
Fancy RM, Kim H, Napier T, Buchsbaum DJ, Zinn KR, Song Y. Calmodulin antagonist enhances DR5-mediated apoptotic signaling in TRA-8 resistant triple negative breast cancer cells. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:6216-6230. [PMID: 29663486 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Patients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) have no successful "targeted" treatment modality, which represents a priority for novel therapy strategies. Upregulated death receptor 5 (DR5) expression levels in breast cancer cells compared to normal cells enable TRA-8, a DR5 specific agonistic antibody, to specifically target malignant cells for apoptosis without inducing normal hepatocyte apoptosis. Drug resistance is a common obstacle in TRAIL-based therapy for TNBC. Calmodulin (CaM) is overexpressed in breast cancer. In this study, we characterized the novel function of CaM antagonist in enhancing TRA-8 induced cytotoxicity in TRA-8 resistant TNBC cells and its underlying molecular mechanisms. Results demonstrated that CaM antagonist(s) enhanced TRA-8 induced cytotoxicity in a concentration and time-dependent manner for TRA-8 resistant TNBC cells. CaM directly bound to DR5 in a Ca2+ dependent manner, and CaM siRNA promoted DR5 recruitment of FADD and caspase-8 for DISC formation and TRA-8 activated caspase cleavage for apoptosis in TRA-8 resistant TNBC cells. CaM antagonist, trifluoperazine, enhanced TRA-8 activated DR5 oligomerization, DR5-mediated DISC formation, and TRA-8 activated caspase cleavage for apoptosis, and decreased anti-apoptotic pERK, pAKT, XIAP, and cIAP-1 expression in TRA-8 resistant TNBC cells. These results suggest that CaM could be a key regulator to mediate DR5-mediated apoptotic signaling, and suggests a potential strategy for using CaM antagonists to overcome drug resistance of TRAIL-based therapy for TRA-8 resistant TNBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romone M Fancy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Harrison Kim
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Tiara Napier
- Hospital, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Donald J Buchsbaum
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Kurt R Zinn
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Yuhua Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kaiser C, Kehrer C, Keyver-Paik MD, Hecking T, Ayub TH, Leutner C, Schild H, Kuhn W. Preoperative breast MRI-examination for all patients with histologically proven breast cancer? A concept for a prospective multicenter trial. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2017; 32:/j/hmbci.ahead-of-print/hmbci-2017-0041/hmbci-2017-0041.xml. [PMID: 29127760 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2017-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background A published retrospective data of our study group demonstrated that premenopausal women, patients with lobular invasive breast cancer or patients with high breast density [American College of Radiology (ACR) classification 3+4] significantly benefit from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) leading to additional detection of malignant foci of 20.2% in the index and 2.5% in the contralateral breast, which would otherwise not be detected by routine imaging. Critics of preoperative MRI focus on higher false-positive rates leading to unnecessary surgical procedures and mastectomies. Therefore, MRI in preoperative imaging remains controversial. Methods To validate our retrospective data we initiate a prospective one-armed multicenter trial for patients with histologically confirmed breast cancer performing routine imaging by ultrasound and mammography followed by MRI imaging based on menopause status, histologic subtype, ACR and Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BIRADS)-classification. Primary endpoint is the rate of additional findings and change of treatment strategy, secondary endpoints are local recurrence-free, distant recurrence-free and overall survival. Additional MRI findings are calculated to be above 10% with a number of 100 patients recruited and a power of 80%. Conclusion MRI is detecting more tumor foci than conventional imaging but remains controversial in primary breast cancer for preoperative imaging because of the fear of over-diagnosis and the increased morbidity of additional potentially unnecessary surgical procedures. This planned one-armed prospective multicenter trial is designed to confirm our retrospectively revealed data defining subgroups with significant benefit of preoperative MRI to come to a consensus avoiding over-diagnosis and false-positive results leading to clinically beneficial and cost-effective use of preoperative MRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Kaiser
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany, Phone: 0049/228 287 15449, Fax: 0049/228 287 11489
| | - Christina Kehrer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany, Phone: 0049/228 287 15449, Fax: 0049/228 287 11489
| | - Mignon-Denise Keyver-Paik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Hecking
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tiyasha Hosne Ayub
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Claudia Leutner
- Department of Radiology, Centre for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hans Schild
- Department of Radiology, Centre for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Walther Kuhn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ludovini V, Antognelli C, Rulli A, Foglietta J, Pistola L, Eliana R, Floriani I, Nocentini G, Tofanetti FR, Piattoni S, Minenza E, Talesa VN, Sidoni A, Tonato M, Crinò L, Gori S. Influence of chemotherapeutic drug-related gene polymorphisms on toxicity and survival of early breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:502. [PMID: 28747156 PMCID: PMC5530465 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3483-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated whether GSTT1 ("null" allele), GSTM1 ("null"allele), GSTP1 (A313G), RFC1 (G80A), MTHFR (C677T), TS (2R/3R) polymorphisms were associated with toxicity and survival in patients with early breast cancer (EBC) treated with adjuvant chemotherapy (CT). METHODS This prospective trial included patients with stage I-III BC subjected to CT with CMF or FEC regimens. PCR-RFLP was performed for MTHFR, RFC1 and GSTP1, while PCR for TS, GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes. RESULTS Among the 244 patients consecutively enrolled, 48.7% were treated with FEC and 51.3% with CMF. Patients with TS2R/3R genotype showed less frequently severe neutropenia (G3/G4) than those with TS2R/2R and 3R/3R genotype (p = 0.038). Patients with MTHFRCT genotype had a higher probability of developing severe neutropenia than those with MTHFR CC genotype (p = 0.043). Patients with RFC1GG or GSTT1-null genotype or their combination (GSTT1-null/RFC1GG) were significantly associated with a shorter disease free survival (DFS) (p = 0.009, p = 0.053, p = 0.003, respectively) and overall survival (OS) (p = 0.036, p = 0.015, p = 0.005, respectively). Multivariate analysis confirmed the association of RFC1GG genotype with a shorter DFS (p = 0.018) and of GSTT1-null genotype of a worse OS (p = 0.003), as well as for the combined genotypes GSTT1-null/RFC1GG, (DFS: p = 0.004 and OS: p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that TS2R/2R and 3R/3R or MTHFR CT genotypes have a potential role in identifying patients with greater risk of toxicity to CMF/FEC and that RFC1 GG and GSTT1-null genotypes alone or in combination could be important markers in predicting clinical outcome in EBC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vienna Ludovini
- Medical Oncology Division, S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Cinzia Antognelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Menghini 8/9, 06156 Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonio Rulli
- Breast Unit, Department of Surgical, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Jennifer Foglietta
- Medical Oncology Division, S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Lorenza Pistola
- Medical Oncology Division, S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Rulli Eliana
- Oncology Department, IRCCS, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Floriani
- Oncology Department, IRCCS, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Nocentini
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Tofanetti
- Medical Oncology Division, S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Minenza
- Medical Oncology Division, “S. Maria” Hospital, Terni, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Nicola Talesa
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Menghini 8/9, 06156 Perugia, Italy
| | - Angelo Sidoni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Anatomic and Histology, Medical School, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Lucio Crinò
- Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo studio e la cura dei tumori (IRST), IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Stefania Gori
- Medical Oncology, SacroCuore-Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, Verona Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fancy RM, Kim H, Zhou T, Zinn KR, Buchsbaum DJ, Song Y. Calmodulin Binding to Death Receptor 5-mediated Death-Inducing Signaling Complex in Breast Cancer Cells. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:2285-2294. [PMID: 28092099 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Activation of death receptor-5 (DR5) leads to the formation of death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) for apoptotic signaling. TRA-8, a DR5 specific agonistic antibody, has demonstrated significant cytotoxic activity in vitro and in vivo without inducing hepatotoxicity. Calmodulin (CaM) that is overexpressed in breast cancer plays a critical role in regulating DR5-mediated apoptosis. However, the mechanism of CaM in regulating DR5-mediated apoptotic signaling remains unknown. In this study, we characterized CaM binding to DR5-mediated DISC for apoptosis in TRA-8 sensitive breast cancer cell lines using co-immunoprecipitation, fluorescence microscopic imaging, caspase signaling analysis, and cell viability assay. Results show that upon DR5 activation, CaM was recruited into DR5-mediated DISC in a calcium dependent manner. CaM antagonist, trifluoperazine (TFP), inhibited CaM recruitment into the DISC and attenuated DISC formation. DR5 oligomerization is critical for DISC formation for apoptosis. TFP decreased TRA-8 activated DR5 oligomerization, which was consistent with TFP's effect on DR5-mediated DISC formation. TFP and Ca2+ chelator, EGTA, impeded TRA-8-activated caspase-dependent apoptotic signaling, and TFP decreased TRA-8-induced cell cytotoxicity. These results demonstrated CaM binding to DR5-mediated DISC in a calcium dependent manner and may identify CaM as a key regulator of DR5-mediated DISC formation for apoptosis in breast cancer. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 2285-2294, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romone M Fancy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham 35294, Alabama
| | - Harrison Kim
- Department of Radiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham 35294, Alabama
| | - Tong Zhou
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham 35294, Alabama
| | - Kurt R Zinn
- Department of Radiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham 35294, Alabama
| | - Donald J Buchsbaum
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham 35294, Alabama
| | - Yuhua Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham 35294, Alabama
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yamamoto D, Tsubota Y, Utsunomiya T, Sueoka N, Ueda A, Endo K, Yoshikawa K, Kon M. Osteonecrosis of the jaw associated with everolimus: A case report. Mol Clin Oncol 2016; 6:255-257. [PMID: 28357105 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2016.1100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Everolimus, a mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor, has recently been approved for the treatment of metastatic estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer, at a daily dose of 10 mg in combination with exemestane. Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is a rare but severe condition, characterized by exposed necrotic bone, and is associated with various drugs that are often used to treat advanced malignancies. We herein report the case of a patient with breast cancer who developed ONJ during treatment with everolimus, which improved after discontinuation of the drug. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of everolimus-associated ONJ in a patient receiving everolimus for metastatic breast cancer. In 2014, an 80-year-old woman was started on treatment with everolimus and exemestane for stage IIB estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Within 2 months, the left side of her face became edematous, with localized heat and tenderness of the left mandibular region and a 3-mm round area of exposed bone. There was purulent discharge and the surrounding gingiva was edematous and erythematous. The left mandible exhibited a low signal intensity area on T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Treatment was discontinued and ONJ showed improvement after 2 months. Therefore, when prescribing everolimus for metastatic breast cancer, oncologists should be aware of the possibility of ONJ as a complication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daigo Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University Medical Center, Moriguchi, Osaka 570-8507, Japan
| | - Yu Tsubota
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University Medical Center, Moriguchi, Osaka 570-8507, Japan
| | - Toshiki Utsunomiya
- Department of Otorhinology, Kansai Medical University Medical Center, Moriguchi, Osaka 570-8507, Japan
| | - Noriko Sueoka
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University Medical Center, Moriguchi, Osaka 570-8507, Japan
| | - Aiko Ueda
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University Medical Center, Moriguchi, Osaka 570-8507, Japan
| | - Kayoko Endo
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University Medical Center, Moriguchi, Osaka 570-8507, Japan; Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University-Affiliated to Hirakata Hospital, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1191, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Yoshikawa
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University Medical Center, Moriguchi, Osaka 570-8507, Japan
| | - Masanori Kon
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University Medical Center, Moriguchi, Osaka 570-8507, Japan; Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University-Affiliated to Hirakata Hospital, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1191, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mwakigonja AR, Rabiel H, Mbembati NA, Lema LEK. The pattern of prognostic and risk indicators among women with breast cancer undergoing modified radical mastectomy in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Infect Agent Cancer 2016; 11:28. [PMID: 27366204 PMCID: PMC4928319 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-016-0075-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is the commonest female malignancy globally and the second (after uterine cervix) in sub-Saharan Africa including Tanzania. Prognostic indicators reportedly influence post-mastectomy adjuvant therapy by predicting risks on survival and recurrence although in Tanzania this data is lacking. Here, we evaluate the pattern of prognostic and risk indicators among women with breast cancer undergoing modified-radical-mastectomy (MRM) at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH) and Tumaini Hospital (TH), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Methods This hospital-based prospective cross-sectional study included female patients undergoing MRM from April 2011 to January 2012. Clinical stage I-III patients were enrolled after being scheduled for mastectomy. Patients with evidence of distant metastasis (stage IV) were excluded. Mastectomy and axillary lymph nodes biopsies were submitted to the Histopathology laboratory for grade, type, nodal and margins status. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS. Results A total of 348 patients were admitted with breast cancer including 86 patients (with 16 from TH having similar demography and presentation) meeting inclusion criteria. Age-range at diagnosis was 28–79 years, mean 52.1 years. Most (89 %) attained menarche after 11 years. About 56 % were postmenopausal. The majority (78 %) were multiparous with positive family history in 14.1 and 37.6 % used hormonal contraceptives. About 27.1 % were social alcohol drinkers. The majority (61 %) had T4b disease, 75.6 % had positive axillary nodes including 42.7 % with 4–9 involved nodes (N2). The commonest (91.9 %) histological type was invasive ductal carcinoma. Lobular, medullary and mucinous carcinomas were rare. Most (83.7 %) of our patients presented with stage III and the rest stage II. Intermediate- and high-grade tumors accounted for 73.5 %. Following MRM, 25 % of our patients had positive surgical margins and similarly for the base. Conclusions Most of our breast cancer patients present with frequent risks including younger age, multiparity, hormonal contraceptives use, alcohol use and family history. Unfavourable prognostic indicators including late stages, large primary tumor size, skin infiltration, positive surgical margins, positive axillary lymph nodes and a high histological grade were associated. A sustainable screening program by self-examination to allow early diagnosis is needed to reduce morbidity and mortality from this cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amos R Mwakigonja
- Department of Pathology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Happiness Rabiel
- Department of Surgery, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Naboth A Mbembati
- Department of Surgery, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Leonard E K Lema
- Department of Surgery, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Nguyen TT, Tran DP, Hoang Z, Carloni P, Van Pham P, Nguyen C, Li MS. Ligand binding to anti-cancer target CD44 investigated by molecular simulations. J Mol Model 2016; 22:165. [PMID: 27342250 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-016-3029-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
CD44 is a cell-surface glycoprotein and receptor for hyaluronan, one of the major components of the tumor extracellular matrix. There is evidence that the interaction between CD44 and hyaluronan promotes breast cancer metastasis. Recently, the molecule F-19848A was shown to inhibit hyaluronan binding to receptor CD44 in a cell-based assay. In this study, we investigated the mechanism and energetics of F-19848A binding to CD44 using molecular simulation. Using the molecular mechanics/Poisson Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) method, we obtained the binding free energy and inhibition constant of the complex. The van der Waals (vdW) interaction and the extended portion of F-19848A play key roles in the binding affinity. We screened natural products from a traditional Chinese medicine database to search for CD44 inhibitors. From combining pharmaceutical requirements with docking and molecular dynamics simulations, we found ten compounds that are potentially better or equal to the F-19848A ligand at binding to CD44 receptor. Therefore, we have identified new candidates of CD44 inhibitors, based on molecular simulation, which may be effective small molecules for the therapy of breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tin Trung Nguyen
- Institute for Computational Sciences and Technology, SBI building, Quang Trung Software City, Tan Chanh Hiep Ward, District 12, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Duy Phuoc Tran
- University of Technology, Vietnam National University-Ho Chi Minh City, 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Zung Hoang
- Center for Molecular and NanoArchitecture (MANAR), Vietnam National University-Ho Chi Minh City, Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Paolo Carloni
- Computational Biomedicine, Institute for Advanced Simulation IAS-5 and Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-9, Forschungszentrum Juelich, Juelich, Germany.
| | - Phuc Van Pham
- Stem Cell Research and Application Laboratory, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Chuong Nguyen
- Theoretical Physics Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Mai Suan Li
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotnikow 32/46, 02-668, Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Fancy RM, Wang L, Zeng Q, Wang H, Zhou T, Buchsbaum DJ, Song Y. Characterization of the Interactions between Calmodulin and Death Receptor 5 in Triple-negative and Estrogen Receptor-positive Breast Cancer Cells: AN INTEGRATED EXPERIMENTAL AND COMPUTATIONAL STUDY. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:12862-12870. [PMID: 27129269 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.727727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of death receptor-5 (DR5) leads to the formation of death inducing signaling complex (DISC) for apoptotic signaling. Targeting DR5 to induce breast cancer apoptosis is a promising strategy to circumvent drug resistance and present a target for breast cancer treatment. Calmodulin (CaM) has been shown to regulate DR5-mediated apoptotic signaling, however, its mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we characterized CaM and DR5 interactions in breast cancer cells with integrated experimental and computational approaches. Results show that CaM directly binds to DR5 in a calcium dependent manner in breast cancer cells. The direct interaction of CaM with DR5 is localized at DR5 death domain. We have predicted and verified the CaM-binding site in DR5 being (354)WEPLMRKLGL(363) that is located at the α2 helix and the loop between α2 helix and α3 helix of DR5 DD. The residues of Trp-354, Arg-359, Glu-355, Leu-363, and Glu-367 in DR5 death domain that are important for DR5 recruitment of FADD and caspase-8 for DISC formation to signal apoptosis also play an important role for CaM-DR5 binding. The changed electrostatic potential distribution in the CaM-binding site in DR5 DD by the point mutations of W354A, E355K, R359A, L363N, or E367K in DR5 DD could directly contribute to the experimentally observed decreased CaM-DR5 binding by the point mutations of the key residues in DR5 DD. Results from this study provide a key step for the further investigation of the role of CaM-DR5 binding in DR5-mediated DISC formation for apoptosis in breast cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Donald J Buchsbaum
- Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Yuhua Song
- From the Departments of Biomedical Engineering,.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Massat NJ, Dibden A, Parmar D, Cuzick J, Sasieni PD, Duffy SW. Impact of Screening on Breast Cancer Mortality: The UK Program 20 Years On. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016; 25:455-62. [PMID: 26646362 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-15-0803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With changes in diagnosis, treatment, and management of breast cancer since the mammography screening trials, there is a need to evaluate contemporary breast screening programs. A case-control study was set up to assess the current impact of attendance in the English Breast Screening Program on breast cancer mortality. METHODS Cancer registry cases who died from primary breast cancer ages 47 to 89 years in London in 2008 to 2009 (869 women) were matched to 1 or 2 general population controls (1,642 women) with no diagnosis of breast cancer at the time of the case's diagnosis, who were alive at the case's death. Cases and controls were matched for date of birth and screening area, and had been invited to breast screening at least once prior to the case's diagnosis. ORs were estimated using conditional logistic regression. Self-selection bias was addressed using contemporaneous attendance at the cervical screening program. Sensitivity analyses were undertaken to assess the likely effect of lead time bias. RESULTS Attendance at breast screening resulted in a breast cancer mortality reduction of 39% [OR, 0.61; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.44-0.85] after self-selection correction. Attendance in the last 3 years prior to diagnosis resulted in a 60% mortality reduction (OR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.31-0.51). Lead time bias effects were negligible. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that community breast screening programs provide their expected benefit in terms of reducing the risk of breast cancer death among women participating. IMPACT Mammography is an important tool for reducing breast cancer mortality and its impact could be increased by encouraging regular attendance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie J Massat
- Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, England
| | - Amanda Dibden
- Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, England
| | - Dharmishta Parmar
- Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, England
| | - Jack Cuzick
- Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, England
| | - Peter D Sasieni
- Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, England
| | - Stephen W Duffy
- Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, England.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kouloulias V, Triantopoulou S, Uzunoglou N, Pistevou-Gompaki K, Barich A, Zygogianni A, Kyrgias G, Kardamakis D, Pectasidis D, Kouvaris J. Hyperthermia Is Now Included in the NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines for Breast Cancer Recurrences: An Analysis of Existing Data. Breast Care (Basel) 2015. [PMID: 26195939 DOI: 10.1159/000376594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperthermia has been included in the 2013 National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines as an option for the treatment of breast recurrences. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the important role of hyperthermia as a therapeutic modality by presenting clinical trials on this subject carried out in the last decades. MATERIALS AND METHODS All relevant trials published since 1987 were retrieved from Medline and reviewed. RESULTS Results show that the addition of hyperthermia to radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy for the treatment of breast cancer enhances treatment response and can increase local control. CONCLUSION Further studies are required to evaluate potential benefits of hyperthermia in the treatment of other kinds of superficial tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vassilis Kouloulias
- 2nd Dept. of Radiology, Attikon University Hospital, Radiotherapy Unit, Athens, Greece
| | - Sotiria Triantopoulou
- 1st Dept. of Radiology, Attikon University Hospital, Radiotherapy Unit, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Anna Zygogianni
- 1st Dept. of Radiology, Attikon University Hospital, Radiotherapy Unit, Athens, Greece
| | - George Kyrgias
- Radiotherapy Dept., Larisa University Hospital, Larisa, Greece
| | | | | | - John Kouvaris
- 1st Dept. of Radiology, Attikon University Hospital, Radiotherapy Unit, Athens, Greece
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Xue H, Ren W, Denkinger M, Schlotzer E, Wischmeyer PE. Nutrition Modulation of Cardiotoxicity and Anticancer Efficacy Related to Doxorubicin Chemotherapy by Glutamine and ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2015; 40:52-66. [PMID: 25888676 DOI: 10.1177/0148607115581838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Doxorubicin (DOX) has been one of the most effective antitumor agents against a broad spectrum of malignancies. However, DOX-induced cardiotoxicity forms the major cumulative dose-limiting factor. Glutamine and ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are putatively cardioprotective during various stresses and/or have potential chemosensitizing effects during cancer chemotherapy. METHODS Antitumor activity and cardiotoxicity of DOX treatment were evaluated simultaneously in a MatBIII mammary adenocarcinoma tumor-bearing rat model treated with DOX (cumulative dose 12 mg/kg). Single or combined treatment of parenteral glutamine (0.35 g/kg) and ω-3 PUFAs (0.19 g/kg eicosapentaenoic acid and 0.18 g/kg docosahexaenoic acid) was administered every other day, starting 6 days before chemotherapy initiation until the end of study (day 50). RESULTS Glutamine alone significantly prevented DOX-related deterioration of cardiac function, reduced serum cardiac troponin I levels, and diminished cardiac lipid peroxidation while not affecting tumor inhibition kinetics. Single ω-3 PUFA treatment significantly enhanced antitumor activity of DOX associated with intensified tumoral oxidative stress and enhanced tumoral DOX concentration while not potentiating cardiac dysfunction or increasing cardiac oxidative stress. Intriguingly, providing glutamine and ω-3 PUFAs together did not consistently confer a greater benefit; conversely, individual benefits on cardiotoxicity and chemosensitization were mostly attenuated or completely lost when combined. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate an interesting differentiality or even dichotomy in the response of tumor and host to single parenteral glutamine and ω-3 PUFA treatments. The intriguing glutamine × ω-3 PUFA interaction observed draws into question the common assumption that there are additive benefits of combinations of nutrients that are beneficial on an individual basis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Xue
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Wenhua Ren
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | | | - Paul E Wischmeyer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abueva CDG, Padalhin AR, Min YK, Lee BT. Preformed chitosan cryogel-biphasic calcium phosphate: a potential injectable biocomposite for pathologic fracture. J Biomater Appl 2015; 30:182-92. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328215577892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The increasing interest in chitosan-based biomaterials stems from its desirable physicochemical properties. Although calcium phosphates have been mixed with chitosan to form injectable scaffolds, its application for bone tissue engineering has been limited and is still being explored to improve its clinical translatability. We report a biocomposite comprised of preformed chitosan cryogel with dispersed biphasic calcium phosphate that can flow under moderate pressure allowing passage through a small gauge needle, while maintaining sufficient integrity and strength during injection for gel recovery. The formed samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis and protein adsorption measurements. Composite with 1% w/v biphasic calcium phosphate (CSG1) resulted in a homogeneous and rigid final structure. Injectable composite cryogel CSG1 (2.5 ± 0.2 N, 23G needle) exhibited good protein adsorption and biocompatibility. Results of subcutaneous implantation in rats reveal relatively high presence of polymorphonuclear cells but with no fibrous encapsulation with the composites, allowing further infiltration of cells within the sample implants. The biocomposite system presents a less-invasive delivery of bone filling material for stabilizing pathologic fractures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celine DG Abueva
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam, South Korea
| | - Andrew R Padalhin
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam, South Korea
| | - Young-Ki Min
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam, South Korea
| | - Byong-Taek Lee
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam, South Korea
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Aakula A, Leivonen SK, Hintsanen P, Aittokallio T, Ceder Y, Børresen-Dale AL, Perälä M, Östling P, Kallioniemi O. MicroRNA-135b regulates ERα, AR and HIF1AN and affects breast and prostate cancer cell growth. Mol Oncol 2015; 9:1287-300. [PMID: 25907805 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate a wide range of cellular signaling pathways and biological processes in both physiological and pathological states such as cancer. We have previously identified miR-135b as a direct regulator of androgen receptor (AR) protein level in prostate cancer (PCa). We wanted to further explore the relationship of miR-135b to hormonal receptors, particularly estrogen receptor α (ERα). Here we show that miR-135b expression is lower in ERα-positive breast tumors as compared to ERα-negative samples in two independent breast cancer (BCa) patient cohorts (101 and 1302 samples). Additionally, the miR-135b expression is higher in AR-low PCa patient samples (47 samples). We identify ERα as a novel miR-135b target by demonstrating miR-135b binding to the 3'UTR of the ERα and decreased ERα protein and mRNA level upon miR-135b overexpression in BCa cells. MiR-135b reduces proliferation of ERα-positive BCa cells MCF-7 and BT-474 as well as AR-positive PCa cells LNCaP and 22Rv1 when grown in 2D. To identify other genes regulated by miR-135b we performed gene expression studies and found a link to the hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) pathway. We show that miR-135b influences the protein level of the inhibitor for hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF1AN) and is able to bind to HIF1AN 3'UTR. Our study demonstrates that miR-135b regulates ERα, AR and HIF1AN protein levels through interaction with their 3'UTR regions, and proliferation in ERα-positive BCa and AR-positive PCa cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Aakula
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, Helsinki, Finland; VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Medical Biotechnology, Turku, Finland; Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Suvi-Katri Leivonen
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway; The K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Tero Aittokallio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yvonne Ceder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anne-Lise Børresen-Dale
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway; The K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Merja Perälä
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Medical Biotechnology, Turku, Finland
| | - Päivi Östling
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Kallioniemi
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Cho H, Lai TC, Tomoda K, Kwon GS. Polymeric micelles for multi-drug delivery in cancer. AAPS PharmSciTech 2015; 16:10-20. [PMID: 25501872 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-014-0251-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug combinations are common in cancer treatment and are rapidly evolving, moving beyond chemotherapy combinations to combinations of signal transduction inhibitors. For the delivery of drug combinations, i.e., multi-drug delivery, major considerations are synergy, dose regimen (concurrent versus sequential), pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and safety. In this contribution, we review recent research on polymeric micelles for multi-drug delivery in cancer. In concurrent drug delivery, polymeric micelles deliver multi-poorly water-soluble anticancer agents, satisfying strict requirements in solubility, stability, and safety. In sequential drug delivery, polymeric micelles participate in pretreatment strategies that "prime" solid tumors and enhance the penetration of secondarily administered anticancer agent or nanocarrier. The improved delivery of multiple poorly water-soluble anticancer agents by polymeric micelles via concurrent or sequential regimens offers novel and interesting strategies for drug combinations in cancer treatment.
Collapse
|
25
|
Santos C, Sanz-Pamplona R, Nadal E, Grasselli J, Pernas S, Dienstmann R, Moreno V, Tabernero J, Salazar R. Intrinsic cancer subtypes--next steps into personalized medicine. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2015; 38:3-16. [PMID: 25586691 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-014-0203-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent technological advances have significantly improved our understanding of tumor biology by means of high-throughput mutation and transcriptome analyses. The application of genomics has revealed the mutational landscape and the specific deregulated pathways in different tumor types. At a transcriptional level, multiple gene expression signatures have been developed to identify biologically distinct subgroups of tumors. By supervised analysis, several prognostic signatures have been generated, some of them being commercially available. However, an unsupervised approach is required to discover a priori unknown molecular subtypes, the so-called intrinsic subtypes. Moreover, an integrative analysis of the molecular events associated with tumor biology has been translated into a better tumor classification. This molecular characterization confers new opportunities for therapeutic strategies in the management of cancer patients. However, the applicability of these new molecular classifications is limited because of several issues such as technological validation and cost. Further comparison with well-established clinical and pathological features is expected to accelerate clinical translation. In this review, we will focus on the data reported on molecular classification in the most common tumor types such as breast, colorectal and lung carcinoma, with special emphasis on recent data regarding tumor intrinsic subtypes. Likewise, we will review the potential applicability of these new classifications in the clinical routine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Santos
- Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Av. Gran Via 199-203, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Eisenbrey JR, Merton DA, Marshall A, Liu JB, Fox TB, Sridharan A, Forsberg F. Comparison of photoacoustically derived hemoglobin and oxygenation measurements with contrast-enhanced ultrasound estimated vascularity and immunohistochemical staining in a breast cancer model. ULTRASONIC IMAGING 2015; 37:42-52. [PMID: 24652195 DOI: 10.1177/0161734614527435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this preliminary study, we compared two noninvasive techniques for imaging intratumoral physiological conditions to immunohistochemical staining in a murine breast cancer model. MDA-MB-231 tumors were implanted in the mammary pad of 11 nude rats. Ultrasound and photoacoustic (PA) scanning were performed using a Vevo 2100 scanner (Visualsonics, Toronto, Canada). Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) was used to create maximum intensity projections as a measure of tumor vascularity. PAs were used to determine total hemoglobin signal (HbT), oxygenation levels in detected blood (SO2 Avg), and oxygenation levels over the entire tumor area (SO2 Tot). Tumors were then stained for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2), and the platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule CD31. Correlations between findings were analyzed using Pearson's coefficient. Significant correlation was observed between CEUS-derived vascularity measurements and both PA indicators of blood volume (r = 0.49 for HbT, r = 0.50 for SO2 Tot). Cox-2 showed significant negative correlation with SO2 Avg (r = -0.49, p = 0.020) and SO2 Tot (r = -0.43, p = 0.047), while CD31 showed significant negative correlation with CEUS-derived vascularity (r = -0.47, p = 0.036). However, no significant correlation was observed between VEGF expression and any imaging modality (p > 0.08). Photoacoustically derived HbT and SO2 Tot may be a good indicator of tumor fractional vascularity. While CEUS correlates with CD31 expression, photoacoustically derived SO2 Avg appears to be a better predictor of Cox-2 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John R Eisenbrey
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel A Merton
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew Marshall
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ji-Bin Liu
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Traci B Fox
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Jefferson School of Health Professions, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anush Sridharan
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Flemming Forsberg
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Campone M, Yang H, Faust E, Kageleiry A, Signorovitch JE, Zhang J, Gao H. Cost of adverse events during treatment with everolimus plus exemestane or single-agent chemotherapy in patients with advanced breast cancer in Western Europe. J Med Econ 2014; 17:837-45. [PMID: 25164472 DOI: 10.3111/13696998.2014.959589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Treatment options for recurrent or progressive hormone receptor-positive (HR+) advanced breast cancer include chemotherapy and everolimus plus exemestane (EVE + EXE). This study estimates the costs of managing adverse events (AEs) during EVE + EXE therapy and single-agent chemotherapy in Western Europe. METHODS An economic model was developed to estimate the per patient cost of managing grade 3/4 AEs for patients who were treated with EVE + EXE or chemotherapies. AE rates for patients receiving EVE + EXE were collected from the phase III BOLERO-2 trial. AE rates for single-agent chemotherapy, capecitabine, docetaxel, or doxorubicin were collected from published clinical trial data. AEs with at least 2% prevalence for any of the treatments were included in the model. A literature search was conducted to obtain costs of managing each AE, which were then averaged across Western European countries (when available). Per patient costs for managing AEs among patients receiving different therapies were reported in 2012 euros (€). RESULTS The EVE + EXE combination had the lowest average per patient cost of managing AEs (€730) compared to all chemotherapies during the first year of treatment (doxorubicin: €1230; capecitabine: €1721; docetaxel: €2390). The most costly adverse event among all patients treated with EVE + EXE was anemia (on average €152 per patient). The most costly adverse event among all patients treated with capecitabine, docetaxel, or doxorubicin was lymphocytopenia (€861 per patient), neutropenia (€821 per patient), and leukopenia (€382 per patient), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The current model estimates that AE management during the treatment of HR+ advanced breast cancer will cost one-half to one-third less for EVE + EXE patients than for chemotherapy patients. The consideration of AE costs could have important implications in the context of healthcare spending for advanced breast cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Campone
- Centre René Gauducheau, Service Oncologie Médicale , Nantes Saint-Herblain , France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Larsen S, Butthongkomvong K, Manikhas A, Trishkina E, Poddubuskaya E, Matrosova M, Srimuninnimit V, Lindkær-Jensen S. BP-C1 in the treatment of patients with stage IV breast cancer: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter study and an additional open-label treatment phase. BREAST CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2014; 6:179-89. [PMID: 25473312 PMCID: PMC4251531 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s71781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The aims were to compare the efficacy and tolerability of a new benzene-poly-carboxylic acids complex with cis-diammineplatinum (II) dichloride (BP-C1) versus placebo and to investigate the long-term tolerability of BP-C1 in the treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stig Larsen
- Department of Controlled Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Life Science, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Alexey Manikhas
- Department of Oncology, City Clinical Oncology, Dispensary, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Trishkina
- Department of Oncology, Leningrad Regional Oncology Centre, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena Poddubuskaya
- Department of Oncology, Unit of Russian Academy of Medical Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina Matrosova
- Department of Oncology, N Novgorod Regional Oncology Dispensary, Novgorod, Russia
| | - Vichien Srimuninnimit
- Division of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Steen Lindkær-Jensen
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Around 70% of all breast cancers are estrogen receptor alpha positive and hence their development is highly dependent on estradiol. While the invention of endocrine therapies has revolusioned the treatment of the disease, resistance to therapy eventually occurs in a large number of patients. This paper seeks to illustrate and discuss the complexity and heterogeneity of the mechanisms which underlie resistance and the approaches proposed to combat them. It will also focus on the use and development of methods for predicting which patients are likely to develop resistance.
Collapse
|
30
|
Ibrahim AS, Sobh MAM, Eid HM, Salem A, Elbelasi HH, El-Naggar MH, AbdelBar FM, Sheashaa H, Sobh MA, Badria FA. Gingerol-derivatives: emerging new therapy against human drug-resistant MCF-7. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:9941-8. [PMID: 25004806 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2248-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer chemotherapies have been improved dramatically over the last two decades. In the case of human breast cancer, the combination chemotherapeutic protocol, cyclophosphamide (CPA), doxorubicin (DOX), and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (CDF), is often used. Nevertheless, the clinical usefulness of CDF is limited by its remarkably low therapeutic window and frequent eruption of resistance. These limitations prompted our search for a more effective and safe drug candidate that may raise the therapeutic benefits for breast cancer patients. Gingerols' wide therapeutic indices as well as their high efficacy in the suppression of carcinogenesis are well established. However, no thorough study to date has profiled their antibreast cancer activities in depth. Therefore, the aims of the present study are to evaluate the antibreast cancer activities of gingerols in comparison to CDF and to gain insight into the structure activity relationships (SARs) responsible for the observed effect using a breast cancer cell model, MCF-7. Our data revealed that 6-gingerol showed the highest anticancer potency that is superior to that of CDF with IC50 = 30.4 μM. Guided by these results, semisynthetic modifications of 6-gingerol have been carried out to characterize 6-gingerol's SARs. The obtained results showed that the acquisition of free hydroxyl group in the aliphatic side chain of 6-gingerol is essential for the antibreast cancer activity. Likewise, the length of aliphatic side chain in 6-gingerol is optimum for its anticancer activity because any decrease in the side chain length resulted in a dramatic loss of anticancer activity. Additionally, allylation of phenolic group has shown antibreast cancer activity superior to that of 6-gingerol per se. Conversely, methylation or isoprenylation of phenolic group has led to a potential decrease in the anticancer activity, whereas loss of aromaticity resulted in a complete loss of 6-gingerol's cytotoxic activity. Collectively, the present results would simplify drug design to allow safer and more effective antibreast cancer pharmaceuticals to be designed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Shah C, Badiyan S, Berry S, Khan AJ, Goyal S, Schulte K, Nanavati A, Lynch M, Vicini FA. Cardiac dose sparing and avoidance techniques in breast cancer radiotherapy. Radiother Oncol 2014; 112:9-16. [PMID: 24813095 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Revised: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer radiotherapy represents an essential component in the overall management of both early stage and locally advanced breast cancer. As the number of breast cancer survivors has increased, chronic sequelae of breast cancer radiotherapy become more important. While recently published data suggest a potential for an increase in cardiac events with radiotherapy, these studies do not consider the impact of newer radiotherapy techniques commonly utilized. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to evaluate cardiac dose sparing techniques in breast cancer radiotherapy. Current options for cardiac protection/avoidance include (1) maneuvers that displace the heart from the field such as coordinating the breathing cycle or through prone patient positioning, (2) technological advances such as intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) or proton beam therapy (PBT), and (3) techniques that treat a smaller volume around the lumpectomy cavity such as accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI), or intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT). While these techniques have shown promise dosimetrically, limited data on late cardiac events exist due to the difficulties of long-term follow up. Future studies are required to validate the efficacy of cardiac dose sparing techniques and may use surrogates for cardiac events such as biomarkers or perfusion imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chirag Shah
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Summa Health System, Akron, United States
| | - Shahed Badiyan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Sameer Berry
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Summa Health System, Akron, United States
| | - Atif J Khan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey & Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, United States
| | - Sharad Goyal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey & Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, United States
| | - Kevin Schulte
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Summa Health System, Akron, United States
| | - Anish Nanavati
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington DC United States
| | - Melanie Lynch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Summa Health System, Akron, United States
| | - Frank A Vicini
- Michigan Healthcare Professionals/21st Century Oncology, Farmington Hills, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Dixon JM. Extended adjuvant therapy with letrozole: reducing the risk of recurrence. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 6:849-59. [PMID: 16761928 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.6.6.849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Patients with all stages of primary breast cancer are at continuing risk of relapse following 5 years of adjuvant tamoxifen therapy, even in the absence of lymph node involvement. Tamoxifen has been the standard therapy for reducing risk of recurrence, although more than 50% of relapses and deaths occur after completion of tamoxifen. Tamoxifen use is associated with an increased risk of serious side effects, and extended use beyond 5 years may have a negative impact on disease-free survival. Extended adjuvant letrozole therapy confers a significant benefit in relapse-free survival. The approval of letrozole for this indication in the USA and in many European countries introduces a new, safe and effective treatment for disease-free patients seeking to reduce their long-term risk of recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Michael Dixon
- Edinburgh Breast Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Hussain SA, Palmer DH, Stevens A, Spooner D, Poole CJ, Rea DW. Role of chemotherapy in breast cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 5:1095-110. [PMID: 16336100 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.5.6.1095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer represents a major health problem, with more than a million new cases and 370,000 deaths worldwide yearly. Options and understanding of how to use cytotoxic chemotherapy in both advanced and early stage breast cancer have made substantial progress in the past 10 years, with numerous landmark studies identifying clear survival benefits for newer approaches. Despite this research, the optimal approach for any individual patient cannot be determined from a literature review or decision-making algorithm alone. Treatment choices are still predominantly based on practice determined by individual or collective experience and the historic development of treatment within a locality. In many situations treatment decisions cannot be divorced from economic considerations. Blanket application of international, national or local guidelines is usually impractical or inappropriate and careful consideration of the detailed circumstances of each patient is required to make optimal use of available options. Recent research has allowed us to refine breast cancers further into prognostic groups based on a gene expression profile. Clinical trials to prove the value of this approach are currently being designed. This review discusses the evidence for various chemotherapy regimens in the adjuvant and metastatic settings, and examines the current evidence for the timing of radiotherapy in the adjuvant setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syed A Hussain
- Institute for Cancer Studies, University Hospital Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Circulating plasma DNA and DNA integrity in breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Clin Chim Acta 2013; 425:206-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2013.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
35
|
McGee SF, O'Connor DP, Gallagher WM. Functional interrogation of breast cancer: from models to drugs. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 1:569-84. [PMID: 23506067 DOI: 10.1517/174604441.1.6.569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Functional genomics allows for the activity of the whole genome to be surveyed at once. Using this technology for the identification of novel targets and their validation in disease-specific contexts has profound implications for the future of drug discovery. Now researchers have the technological means to gather comprehensive data on basic biological phenomena and disease mechanisms, while monitoring the effect of drug candidates on a molecular level. Pathway analysis can facilitate the genetic profiling of patients and, in turn, predict individual responses to treatment regimes. Functional interrogation of a disease-specific phenotype at a whole genome level (through, for example, the use of whole genome RNAi libraries) allows for the identification of critical regulators in complex biological systems, and the detection of putative targets for future therapeutic intervention. The authors describe the applications of functional genomics in models of breast cancer and the integration of these disparate technologies, specifically in the context of the search for novel therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon F McGee
- UCD Conway Institute, UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
LUZHNA LIDIA, GOLUBOV ANDREY, ILNYTSKYY SLAVA, CHEKHUN VASYLF, KOVALCHUK OLGA. Molecular mechanisms of radiation resistance in doxorubicin-resistant breast adenocarcinoma cells. Int J Oncol 2013; 42:1692-708. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
37
|
Economic evaluation of fulvestrant 500 mg versus generic nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitors in patients with advanced breast cancer in the United Kingdom. Clin Ther 2013; 35:246-260.e5. [PMID: 23453402 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2013.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to examine the cost-effectiveness of fulvestrant 500 mg for the treatment of first progression or recurrence of advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal patients compared with generic nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitors (anastrozole and letrozole) in the United Kingdom. METHODS A cost-utility model based on a time-in-state approach was used. Clinical effectiveness estimates used in the model were derived from a network meta-analysis for overall survival and serious adverse events. Overall survival was extrapolated by using a Weibull distribution, and progression-free survival (PFS) estimates were derived from a simultaneous network meta-analysis and extrapolation of PFS curves by using the log-normal distribution. Data on resource use, costs, and utilities were based on various sources, including expert opinion and published data. To explore uncertainty, 1-way and probability sensitivity analyses were conducted. The study was conducted from the perspective of the UK National Health Service, and costs are reported in 2010/2011 British pounds. RESULTS The base case incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for fulvestrant 500 mg versus letrozole was £34,528, with incremental costs of £14,383 and an incremental quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) of 0.417. Extended dominance occurred for anastrozole because the ICER for anastrozole versus letrozole was higher than the ICER for fulvestrant 500 mg versus anastrozole. Based on the probability sensitivity analyses, the probability that fulvestrant 500 mg was the most cost-effective treatment option was 3%, 20%, and 53% at a willingness-to-pay threshold of £20,000, £30,000, and £40,000 per QALY, respectively. According to the 1-way sensitivity analyses, the PFS estimates were the key drivers of the model results. CONCLUSIONS Although fulvestrant 500 mg was found not to be a cost-effective option at a standard UK threshold of £20,000 to £30,000 per QALY, it may be relevant to apply a higher threshold due to the poor prognosis of patients with advanced breast cancer and the limited number of hormonal treatment options available for this stage of treatment. Certain subgroups may also benefit from fulvestrant as a treatment option; however, limited data are currently available to identify these subgroups.
Collapse
|
38
|
Musarezaie A, Ghasemi TMG, Esfahani HN. Investigation the quality of life and its relation with clinical and demographic characteristics in women with breast cancer under chemotherapy. Int J Prev Med 2012; 3:853-9. [PMID: 23272284 PMCID: PMC3530303 DOI: 10.4103/2008-7802.104856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: This study was performed to examine quality of life's dimensions and its relationship with some clinical and demographic characteristics on women with breast cancer under chemotherapy referred to the oncology hospital, Isfahan University of medical sciences, Iran. Methods: This Cross sectional study was conducted among 330 breast cancer patients with simple sampling methodology. Data collection instrument included a questionnaire contains 2 parts (clinical and demographic characteristics information and version 2.0 of the SF-36 questionnaire (the international version). The data were analyzed with 99% confidence by carried out using SPSS18 with using descriptive and analytic statistics. Results: The majority of subjects’ quality of life was moderate (53.93%). there was a statistically significant relationship between quality of life among breast cancer patients with chemotherapy sessions (P < 0.05, df =4, χ2 = 16.37). One way Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA) suggested the absence of any significant relationship between quality of life with marital status (f = 0.21; P = 0.92) and employment status (f = 0.26; P = 0.77). Also, Spearman test showed the absence of any significant relationship between quality of life with age (P = 0.60), and the elapsed duration from diagnosis (P = 0.68), however Spearman test showed significant relationship between quality of life and education status (P = 0.002, r = -0.84). Conclusion: With regard to results of this study, there was a direct correlation between the number of chemotherapy sessions and patients quality of life. The attitude of the population toward chemotherapy is usually inhibiting and negative, so patients, students and nurses should be trained about chemotherapy efficacy to improve their attitude about chemotherapy, which in turn would lead to improvement of the patients’ quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Musarezaie
- Department of Adult Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Shibata MA, Ambati J, Shibata E, Yoshidome K, Harada-Shiba M. Mammary cancer gene therapy targeting lymphangiogenesis: VEGF-C siRNA and soluble VEGF receptor-2, a splicing variant. Med Mol Morphol 2012; 45:179-84. [PMID: 23224595 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-012-0576-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis contributes significantly to cancer mortality, and the most common pathway of initial dissemination is via the afferent ducts of the lymphatics. Overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C has been associated with lymphangiogenesis and lymph node metastasis in a multitude of human neoplasms, including breast cancers. We recently reported that both VEGF-C siRNA and endogenous soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (esVEGFR-2, a new splicing variant) inhibit VEGF-C function and metastasis in a mouse model of metastatic mammary cancer. Here we briefly review our previous experimental work, specifically targeting tumor lymphangiogenesis, in which metastatic mouse mammary cancers received direct intratumoral injections of either expression vectors VEGF-C siRNA or esVEGFR-2, or the empty plasmid vector, once a week for 6 or 8 weeks, followed by in vivo gene electrotransfer of the injected tumors. Throughout our study, both tumor lymphangiogenesis and the multiplicity of lymph node metastasis were significantly inhibited, with an overall reduction in tumor growth, by both VEGF-C siRNA and esVEGFR-2; further, a significant reduction in the number of dilated lymphatic vessels containing intraluminal cancer cells was observed with both treatments. Thus, therapeutic strategies targeting lymphangiogenesis may have great clinical significance for the treatment of metastatic human breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masa-Aki Shibata
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Histopathology, Faculty of Health Science, Osaka Health Science University, 1-9-27 Temma, Osaka 530-0043, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Uriol E, Sierra M, Comendador MA, Fra J, Martínez-Camblor P, Lacave AJ, Sierra LM. Long-term biomonitoring of breast cancer patients under adjuvant chemotherapy: the comet assay as a possible predictive factor. Mutagenesis 2012; 28:39-48. [PMID: 22987025 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/ges050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Most chemotherapy treatments induce DNA damage in the exposed patients. Using the comet assay and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), we have quantified this induced DNA damage and studied its relationship with GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms, and clinical parameters. For this purpose, 29 Caucasian women, breast cancer patients under CMF or CEF adjuvant chemotherapy were included in the study. The clinical parameters considered were (i) therapies side effects, like haematological and biochemical toxicities, (ii) prognostic and predictive factors, like hormonal receptor expression, tumour differentiation degree, sickness stage, and nodal status, and (iii) the effectiveness of the chemotherapy measured as five years relapse probability. The results were also related to the confounding factor age. Comet assay results indicate that 13 patients were characterised by absence of induced DNA strand breaks, and 16 patients presented induced DNA strand breaks along the treatment. Relationships between comet variables and clinical parameters, found with principal component analysis, correlations, one-way ANOVA and multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that: (1) baseline levels of DNA damage are related to GSTM1 genotype and to hormonal receptor expression; (2) GSTM1 genotype also influences comet results after chemotherapy, as it does the AST level; (3) the tail moment values of the cycle 6.1 and the sickness stage might predict cancer relapse at five years: for the Stage, OR = 13.8 (IIB versus I+IIA), 95% CI 0.80-238.97, and for 6.1 cycle TM, OR = 1.3, 95%, CI 0.97-1.79, with a potential model (10* Stage (I-IIA = 0, IIB = 1) + 6.1 cycle), that has a good predictive capacity, with an area under ROC curve of 0.872 (CI 0.62-1.00). To our knowledge, this is the first time such a predictive value is found for the comet assay. Nevertheless, before the comet assay could be used as a tool for oncologists, this relationship should be confirmed in more patients, and problems of standardisation and data interpretation should be solved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Uriol
- Área de Genética, Dpto Biología Funcional e Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Local delivery of small and large biomolecules in craniomaxillofacial bone. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:1152-64. [PMID: 22429663 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Current state of the art reconstruction of bony defects in the craniomaxillofacial (CMF) area involves transplantation of autogenous or allogenous bone grafts. However, the inherent drawbacks of this approach strongly urge clinicians and researchers to explore alternative treatment options. Currently, a wide interest exists in local delivery of biomolecules from synthetic biomaterials for CMF bone regeneration, in which small biomolecules are rapidly emerging in recent years as an interesting adjunct for upgrading the clinical treatment of CMF bone regeneration under compromised healing conditions. This review highlights recent advances in the local delivery small and large biomolecules for the clinical treatment of CMF bone defects. Further, it provides a perspective on the efficacy of biomolecule delivery in CMF bone regeneration by reviewing presently available reports of pre-clinical studies using various animal models.
Collapse
|
42
|
Groves AM, Shastry M, Ben-Haim S, Kayani I, Malhotra A, Davidson T, Kelleher T, Whittaker D, Meagher M, Holloway B, Warren RM, Ell PJ, Keshtgar MR. Defining the role of PET-CT in staging early breast cancer. Oncologist 2012; 17:613-9. [PMID: 22539550 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2011-0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Currently, there is a lack of data on the role of combined positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) in the staging of early invasive primary breast cancer. We therefore evaluated the role of (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG)-PET-CT in this patient population. METHODS We prospectively recruited 70 consecutive patients (69 women, one man; mean age, 61.9 ± 8.1 years) with early primary breast cancer for staging with (18)F-FDG-PET-CT. All PET-CT images were interpreted by two readers (independently of each other). A third reader adjudicated any discrepancies. All readers had ≥5 years of specific experience. Ethics board approval and informed consent were obtained. RESULTS The mean clinical follow-up was 22.7 ± 12.6 months. The primary tumor was identified with PET-CT in 64 of 70 patients. Of the unidentified lesions, surgical pathology revealed two intraductal carcinomas, one invasive tubular carcinoma, and three invasive lobular carcinomas. Undiagnosed multifocal breast disease was shown in seven of 70 patients. PET-CT identified avid axillary lymph nodes in 19 of 70 patients, compared with 24 of 70 confirmed during surgery. There were four patients who were axillary node positive on PET but had no axillary disease at surgery. Five patients were reported with avid metastases. Two of those patients were treated for metastatic disease (nodal, lung, and liver in one and bone metastases in the other) following further imaging and clinical assessment. In the other three patients, lesions (lung, n = 1; pleural, n = 1; paratrachael node, n = 1) were subsequently diagnosed as benign lesions. CONCLUSION Integrated (18)F-FDG-PET-CT may have a role in staging patients presenting with early breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Groves
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kobayashi T, Ichiba T, Sakuyama T, Arakawa Y, Nagasaki E, Aiba K, Nogi H, Kawase K, Takeyama H, Toriumi Y, Uchida K, Kobayashi M, Kanehira C, Suzuki M, Ando N, Natori K, Kuraishi Y. Possible clinical cure of metastatic breast cancer: lessons from our 30-year experience with oligometastatic breast cancer patients and literature review. Breast Cancer 2012; 19:218-37. [PMID: 22532161 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-012-0347-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is generally incurable. However, 10-20-year relapse-free survival of MBC is approximately 2%, implying that at least a small subset of MBC patients achieve prolonged survival. We therefore analyzed long-term outcome in a particular subset, i.e., oligometastatic breast cancer (OMBC). METHODS Data of OMBC subjects (N = 75) treated in our institution from April 1980 to March 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. OMBC was identified as: one or 2 organs involved with metastatic lesions (excluding the primary lesion resectable by surgery), fewer than 5 lesions per metastasized organ, and lesion diameter less than 5 cm. Patients were generally treated with systemic chemotherapy first, and those who achieved complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) were further treated, if applicable, with local therapy (surgical or radiation therapy) to maintain CR or to induce no evidence of clinical disease (NED), with additional systemic therapy. RESULTS Median follow-up duration was 103 (6-329) months. Single or 2 organs were involved in, respectively, 44 (59%) and 31 (41%) cases with metastatic lesions, 48% of which were visceral. In cases where effects of systemic therapy, possibly in combination with other treatments, were evaluated (N = 68), CR or PR was achieved in 33 (48.5%) or 32 (47.1%), respectively, with overall response rate (ORR: CR + PR) of 95.6% (N = 65). In cases receiving multidisciplinary treatment (N = 75), CR or NED (CR/NED), or PR was induced in 48 (64.0%) or 23 (30.7%) cases, respectively, with ORR (CR/NED + PR) of 94.7% (N = 71). CR rates (60.5%) with systemic therapy and CR/NED rates (79.5%) with multidisciplinary treatment were significantly better in subjects with a single involved organ than in those with two involved organs (P = 0.047 and 0.002, systemic only or multidisciplinary treatments, respectively). Medians estimated by Kaplan-Meier method were: overall survival (OS) of 185.0 months and relapse-free interval (RFI) of 48.0 months. Estimated outcomes were: OS rates (OSR) of 59.2% at 10 years and 34.1% at 20 years, and relapse-free rates (RFR) of 27.4% at 10 years and 20 years. No disease progression was observed after 101.0 months as RFR. Cases with single organ involvement (N = 44) showed significantly better outcomes (OSR of 73% at 10 years and 52% at 20 years, RFR of 42% at 10 years and 20 years). Those who received local therapies (N = 35) also showed better prognosis: OSR of 82% at 10 years and 53% at 20 years, RFR of 38% at 10 years and 20 years. Three cases (4%) survived for their lifetime without relapse after achieving CR or NED, our definition of clinical cure. Multivariate analysis revealed factors favoring better prognosis as: none for OS, and single organ involvement with metastasis, administration of local treatment, and shorter disease-free interval (DFI) (P = 0.030, 0.039, and 0.042, respectively) for RFR. Outcomes in OMBC in literature were OSR of 35-73% at 10 years and 26-52% at 20 years, and RFR of 27-42% at 10 years and 26-42% at 20 years. CONCLUSIONS The present analyses clearly indicate that OMBC is a distinct subgroup with long-term prognosis superior to MBC, with reasonable provability for clinical cure. Further prospective studies to better characterize OMBC are warranted to improve prognosis in MBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Kobayashi
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ulasov IV, Kaverina NV, Pytel P, Thaci B, Liu F, Hurst DR, Welch DR, Sattar HA, Olopade OI, Baryshnikov AY, Kadagidze ZG, Lesniak MS. Clinical significance of KISS1 protein expression for brain invasion and metastasis. Cancer 2011; 118:2096-105. [PMID: 21928364 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.26525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Revised: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastases to the brain represent a feared complication and contribute to the morbidity and mortality of breast cancer. Despite improvements in therapy, prognostic factors for development of metastases are lacking. KISS1 is a metastasis suppressor that demonstrates inhibition of metastases formation in several types of cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine the importance of KISS1 expression in breast cancer progression and the development of intracerebral lesions. METHODS In this study, we performed a comparative analysis of 47 brain metastases and 165 primary breast cancer specimens by using the antihuman KISS1 antibody. To compare KISS1 expression between different groups, we used a 3-tier score and the automated score computer software (ACIS) evaluation. To reveal association between mRNA and protein expression, we used quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis. Significance of immunohistochemistry stainings was correlated with clinicopathological data. RESULTS We identified that KISS1 expression is significantly higher in primary breast cancer compared with brain metastases (P < .05). The mRNA analysis performed on 33 selected ductal carcinoma brain metastatic lesions and 36 primary ductal carcinomas revealed a statistically significant down-regulation of KISS1 protein in metastatic cases (P = .04). Finally, we observed a significant correlation between expression of KISS1 and metastasis-free survival (P = .04) along with progression of breast cancer and expression of KISS1 in primary breast cancer specimens (P = .044). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our study shows that breast cancer expresses KISS1. Cytoplasmic expression of KISS1 may be used as a prognostic marker for increased risk of breast cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilya V Ulasov
- The Brain Tumor Cancer Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Fulvestrant Revisited: Efficacy and Safety of the 500-mg Dose. Clin Breast Cancer 2011; 11:204-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2011.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Revised: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
46
|
Lopez-Heredia MA, Bernard Kamphuis G, Thüne PC, Cumhur Öner F, Jansen JA, Frank Walboomers X. An injectable calcium phosphate cement for the local delivery of paclitaxel to bone. Biomaterials 2011; 32:5411-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
47
|
Hartkopf AD, Fehm T, Wallwiener D, Lauer UM. Oncolytic virotherapy of breast cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2011; 123:164-71. [PMID: 21764108 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2011.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2011] [Revised: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The use of replication competent viruses that selectively target and destroy cancer cells has rapidly evolved over the past decade and numerous innovative oncolytic viruses have been created. Many of these promising anti-cancer agents have recently entered into clinical trials (including those on breast cancer) and demonstrated encouraging safety and efficacy. Virotherapeutic strategies are thus of considerable interest to combat breast cancer in both (i) the primary disease situation in which relapse should be avoided as good as possible and (ii) in the metastatic situation which remains incurable to date. Here, we summarize data from preclinical and clinical trials using oncolytic virotherapy to treat breast cancer. This includes strategies to specifically target breast cancer cells, to arm oncolytic viruses with additional therapeutic transgenes and an outlining of future challenges when translating these promising therapeutics "from bench to bedside".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas D Hartkopf
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Clinic of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Shibata MA, Iinuma M, Morimoto J, Kurose H, Akamatsu K, Okuno Y, Akao Y, Otsuki Y. α-Mangostin extracted from the pericarp of the mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana Linn) reduces tumor growth and lymph node metastasis in an immunocompetent xenograft model of metastatic mammary cancer carrying a p53 mutation. BMC Med 2011; 9:69. [PMID: 21639868 PMCID: PMC3121600 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-9-69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mangosteen fruit has a long history of medicinal use in Chinese and Ayurvedic medicine. Recently, the compound α-mangostin, which is isolated from the pericarp of the fruit, was shown to induce cell death in various types of cancer cells in in vitro studies. This led us to investigate the antitumor growth and antimetastatic activities of α-mangostin in an immunocompetent xenograft model of mouse metastatic mammary cancer having a p53 mutation that induces a metastatic spectrum similar to that seen in human breast cancers. METHODS Mammary tumors, induced by inoculation of BALB/c mice syngeneic with metastatic BJMC3879luc2 cells, were subsequently treated with α-mangostin at 0, 10 and 20 mg/kg/day using mini-osmotic pumps and histopathologically examined. To investigate the mechanisms of antitumor ability by α-mangostin, in vitro studies were also conducted. RESULTS Not only were in vivo survival rates significantly higher in the 20 mg/kg/day α-mangostin group versus controls, but both tumor volume and the multiplicity of lymph node metastases were significantly suppressed. Apoptotic levels were significantly increased in the mammary tumors of mice receiving 20 mg/kg/day and were associated with increased expression of active caspase-3 and -9. Other significant effects noted at this dose level were decreased microvessel density and lower numbers of dilated lymphatic vessels containing intraluminal tumor cells in mammary carcinoma tissues. In vitro, α-mangostin induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and G1-phase arrest and S-phase suppression in the cell cycle. Since activation by Akt phosphorylation plays a central role in a variety of oncogenic processes, including cell proliferation, anti-apoptotic cell death, angiogenesis and metastasis, we also investigated alterations in Akt phosphorylation induced by α-mangostin treatment both in vitro and in vivo. Quantitative analysis and immunohistochemistry showed that α-mangostin significantly decreased the levels of phospho-Akt-threonine 308 (Thr308), but not serine 473 (Ser473), in both mammary carcinoma cell cultures and mammary carcinoma tissues in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Since lymph node involvement is the most important prognostic factor in breast cancer patients, the antimetastatic activity of α-mangostin as detected in mammary cancers carrying a p53 mutation in the present study may have specific clinical applications. In addition, α-mangostin may have chemopreventive benefits and/or prove useful as an adjuvant therapy, or as a complementary alternative medicine in the treatment of breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masa-Aki Shibata
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Histopathology, Faculty of Health Science, Osaka Health Science University, Osaka, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Amm HM, Zhou T, Steg AD, Kuo H, Li Y, Buchsbaum DJ. Mechanisms of drug sensitization to TRA-8, an agonistic death receptor 5 antibody, involve modulation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway in human breast cancer cells. Mol Cancer Res 2011; 9:403-17. [PMID: 21357440 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-10-0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
TRA-8, a monoclonal antibody to death receptor 5 induces apoptosis in various cancer cells; however, the degree of sensitivity varies from highly sensitive to resistant. We have previously shown that resistance to TRA-8 can be reversed by using chemotherapeutic agents, but the mechanism underlying this sensitization was not fully understood. Here, we examined the combination of TRA-8 with doxorubicin or bortezomib in breast cancer cells. In TRA-8-resistant BT-474 and T47D cells, both chemotherapy agents synergistically sensitized cells to TRA-8 cytotoxicity with enhanced activation of apoptosis shown by cleavage of caspases and PARP, reduced Bid, increased proapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins, and increased mitochondrial membrane depolarization. Doxorubicin or bortezomib combined with TRA-8 also reduced Bcl-XL and X-linked inhibitors of apoptosis (XIAP) in treated cells. Furthermore, targeting these proteins with pharmacologic modulators, AT-101, BH3I-2' and AT-406, produced sensitization to TRA-8. TRA-8 combined with AT-101 or BH3I-2', inhibitors of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins, produced synergistic cytotoxicity against ZR-75-1, BT-474, and T47D cells. The IAP-targeting compound, AT-406, was synergistic with TRA-8 in BT-474 cells, and to a lesser extent T47D cells. Activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway was a common mechanism associated with sensitization of TRA-8-resistant breast cancer cell lines. Collectively, these studies show that the Bcl-2 and IAP families of proteins are involved in TRA-8 and chemotherapy resistance via their modulation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Targeting these proteins with novel agents sensitized TRA-8-resistant breast cancer cells, suggesting this approach may represent a potent therapeutic strategy in the treatment of breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hope M Amm
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-2182, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Polyak D, Ryppa C, Eldar-Boock A, Ofek P, Many A, Licha K, Kratz F, Satchi-Fainaro R. Development of PEGylated doxorubicin-E-[c(RGDfK)2
] conjugate for integrin-targeted cancer therapy. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.1731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|