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Green RW, Fischerová D, Testa AC, Franchi D, Frühauf F, Lindqvist PG, di Legge A, Cibula D, Fruscio R, Haak LA, Opolskiene G, Vidal Urbinati AM, Timmerman D, Bourne T, van den Bosch T, Epstein E. Sonographic, Demographic, and Clinical Characteristics of Pre- and Postmenopausal Women with Endometrial Cancer; Results from a Post Hoc Analysis of the IETA4 (International Endometrial Tumor Analysis) Multicenter Cohort. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 14:1. [PMID: 38201310 PMCID: PMC10802150 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of demographic, histopathological, and sonographic characteristics between pre- and postmenopausal women diagnosed with endometrial cancer, while also examining sonographic and anthropometric features in 'low' and 'intermediate/high-risk' cases, stratified by menopausal status. Our analysis, based on data from the International Endometrial Tumor Analysis (IETA) 4 cohort comprising 1538 women (161 premenopausal, 1377 postmenopausal) with biopsy-confirmed endometrial cancer, revealed that premenopausal women, compared to their postmenopausal counterparts, exhibited lower parity (median 1, IQR 0-2 vs. 1, IQR 1-2, p = 0.001), a higher family history of colon cancer (16% vs. 7%, p = 0.001), and smaller waist circumferences (median 92 cm, IQR 82-108 cm vs. 98 cm, IQR 87-112 cm, p = 0.002). Premenopausal women more often had a regular endometrial-myometrial border (39% vs. 23%, p < 0.001), a visible endometrial midline (23% vs. 11%, p < 0.001), and undefined tumor (73% vs. 84%, p = 0.001). Notably, despite experiencing a longer duration of abnormal uterine bleeding (median 5 months, IQR 3-12 vs. 3 months, 2-6, p < 0.001), premenopausal women more often had 'low' risk disease (78% vs. 46%, p < 0.001). Among sonographic and anthropometric features, only an irregular endometrial-myometrial border was associated with 'intermediate/high' risk in premenopausal women. Conversely, in postmenopausal women, multiple features correlated with 'intermediate/high' risk disease. Our findings emphasize the importance of considering menopausal status when evaluating sonographic features in women with endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus W. Green
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Södersjukhuset, Sjukhusbacken 10, 118 83 Stockholm, Sweden; (P.G.L.)
| | - Daniela Fischerová
- Department of Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Apolinářská 18, 128 51 Prague, Czech Republic; (D.F.); (F.F.); (D.C.)
| | - Antonia C. Testa
- Department of Women and Child Health, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Catholic University of Sacred Heart Largo Agostino Gemelli, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Dorella Franchi
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (D.F.); (A.M.V.U.)
| | - Filip Frühauf
- Department of Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Apolinářská 18, 128 51 Prague, Czech Republic; (D.F.); (F.F.); (D.C.)
| | - Pelle G. Lindqvist
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Södersjukhuset, Sjukhusbacken 10, 118 83 Stockholm, Sweden; (P.G.L.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Södersjukhuset, 118 83 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alessia di Legge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - David Cibula
- Department of Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Apolinářská 18, 128 51 Prague, Czech Republic; (D.F.); (F.F.); (D.C.)
| | - Robert Fruscio
- UO Gynecology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, IRCCS San Gerardo, University of Milan Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy;
| | - Lucia A. Haak
- Institute for the Care of Mother and Child, Prague and Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 147 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gina Opolskiene
- Center of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University Hospital, 08661 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Ailyn M. Vidal Urbinati
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (D.F.); (A.M.V.U.)
| | - Dirk Timmerman
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (D.T.); (T.v.d.B.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom Bourne
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (D.T.); (T.v.d.B.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gyneacology, Queen Charlotte’s and Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College London, London W12 0HS, UK
| | - Thierry van den Bosch
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (D.T.); (T.v.d.B.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth Epstein
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Södersjukhuset, Sjukhusbacken 10, 118 83 Stockholm, Sweden; (P.G.L.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Södersjukhuset, 118 83 Stockholm, Sweden
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Héroux M, Diong J, Bye E, Fisher G, Robertson L, Butler A, Gandevia S. Poor statistical reporting, inadequate data presentation and spin persist despite Journal awareness and updated Information for Authors. F1000Res 2023; 12:1483. [PMID: 38434651 PMCID: PMC10905014 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.142841.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Sound reporting of research results is fundamental to good science. Unfortunately, poor reporting is common and does not improve with editorial educational strategies. We investigated whether publicly highlighting poor reporting at a journal can lead to improved reporting practices. We also investigated whether reporting practices that are required or strongly encouraged in journal Information for Authors are enforced by journal editors and staff. A 2016 audit highlighted poor reporting practices in the Journal of Neurophysiology. In August 2016 and 2018, the American Physiological Society updated the Information for Authors, which included the introduction of several required or strongly encouraged reporting practices. We audited Journal of Neurophysiology papers published in 2019 and 2020 (downloaded through the library of the University of New South Wales) on reporting items selected from the 2016 audit, the newly introduced reporting practices, and items from previous audits. Summary statistics (means, counts) were used to summarize audit results. In total, 580 papers were audited. Compared to results from the 2016 audit, several reporting practices remained unchanged or worsened. For example, 60% of papers erroneously reported standard errors of the mean, 23% of papers included undefined measures of variability, 40% of papers failed to define a statistical threshold for their tests, and when present, 64% of papers with p-values between 0.05 and 0.1 misinterpreted them as statistical trends. As for the newly introduced reporting practices, required practices were consistently adhered to by 34 to 37% of papers, while strongly encouraged practices were consistently adhered to by 9 to 26% of papers. Adherence to the other audited reporting practices was comparable to our previous audits. Publicly highlighting poor reporting practices did little to improve research reporting. Similarly, requiring or strongly encouraging reporting practices was only partly effective. Although the present audit focused on a single journal, this is likely not an isolated case. Stronger, more strategic measures are required to improve poor research reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Héroux
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Joanna Diong
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Bye
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Georgia Fisher
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2109, Australia
| | - Lucy Robertson
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2031, Australia
| | - Annie Butler
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Simon Gandevia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2031, Australia
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Gaio D, DeMaere MZ, Anantanawat K, Eamens GJ, Falconer L, Chapman TA, Djordjevic S, Darling AE. Phylogenetic diversity analysis of shotgun metagenomic reads describes gut microbiome development and treatment effects in the post-weaned pig. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270372. [PMID: 35749534 PMCID: PMC9232140 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensive farming practices can increase exposure of animals to infectious agents against which antibiotics are used. Orally administered antibiotics are well known to cause dysbiosis. To counteract dysbiotic effects, numerous studies in the past two decades sought to understand whether probiotics are a valid tool to help re-establish a healthy gut microbial community after antibiotic treatment. Although dysbiotic effects of antibiotics are well investigated, little is known about the effects of intramuscular antibiotic treatment on the gut microbiome and a few studies attempted to study treatment effects using phylogenetic diversity analysis techniques. In this study we sought to determine the effects of two probiotic- and one intramuscularly administered antibiotic treatment on the developing gut microbiome of post-weaning piglets between their 3rd and 9th week of life. Shotgun metagenomic sequences from over 800 faecal time-series samples derived from 126 post-weaning piglets and 42 sows were analysed in a phylogenetic framework. Differences between individual hosts such as breed, litter, and age, were found to be important contributors to variation in the community composition. Host age was the dominant factor in shaping the gut microbiota of piglets after weaning. The post-weaning pig gut microbiome appeared to follow a highly structured developmental program with characteristic post-weaning changes that can distinguish hosts that were born as little as two days apart in the second month of life. Treatment effects of the antibiotic and probiotic treatments were found but were subtle and included a higher representation of Mollicutes associated with intramuscular antibiotic treatment, and an increase of Lactobacillus associated with probiotic treatment. The discovery of correlations between experimental factors and microbial community composition is more commonly addressed with OTU-based methods and rarely analysed via phylogenetic diversity measures. The latter method, although less intuitive than the former, suffers less from library size normalization biases, and it proved to be instrumental in this study for the discovery of correlations between microbiome composition and host-, and treatment factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gaio
- iThree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Kay Anantanawat
- iThree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Graeme J. Eamens
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, Australia
| | - Linda Falconer
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, Australia
| | - Toni A. Chapman
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, Australia
| | - Steven Djordjevic
- iThree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Aaron E. Darling
- iThree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
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Pabst A, Proksch S, Médé B, Comstock DC, Ross JM, Balasubramaniam R. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy of intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) on cognitive enhancement. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 135:104587. [PMID: 35202646 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) has been used to focally regulate excitability of neural cortex over the past decade - however there is little consensus on the generalizability of effects reported in individual studies. Many studies use small sample sizes (N < 30), and there is a considerable amount of methodological heterogeneity in application of the stimulation itself. This systematic meta-analysis aims to consolidate the extant literature and determine if up-regulatory theta-burst stimulation reliably enhances cognition through measurable behavior. Results show that iTBS - when compared to suitable control conditions - may enhance cognition when outlier studies are removed, but also that there is a significant amount of heterogeneity across studies. Significant contributors to between-study heterogeneity include location of stimulation and method of navigation to the stimulation site. Surprisingly, the type of cognitive domain investigated was not a significant contributor of heterogeneity. The findings of this meta-analysis demonstrate that standardization of iTBS is urgent and necessary to determine if neuroenhancement of particular cognitive faculties are reliable and robust, and measurable through observable behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria Pabst
- Department of Cognitive and Information Sciences, University of California, Merced, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA 95343, USA; Accenture Labs, 415 Mission Street, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA.
| | - Shannon Proksch
- Department of Cognitive and Information Sciences, University of California, Merced, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA 95343, USA.
| | - Butovens Médé
- Department of Cognitive and Information Sciences, University of California, Merced, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA 95343, USA.
| | - Daniel C Comstock
- Department of Cognitive and Information Sciences, University of California, Merced, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA 95343, USA; Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, 267 Cousteau Place, Davis, CA 95618, USA.
| | - Jessica Marie Ross
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System, Stanford University, 3801 Miranda Ave, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
| | - Ramesh Balasubramaniam
- Department of Cognitive and Information Sciences, University of California, Merced, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA 95343, USA.
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Stunt J, van Grootel L, Bouter L, Trafimow D, Hoekstra T, de Boer M. Why we habitually engage in null-hypothesis significance testing: A qualitative study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258330. [PMID: 34653185 PMCID: PMC8519469 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Null Hypothesis Significance Testing (NHST) is the most familiar statistical procedure for making inferences about population effects. Important problems associated with this method have been addressed and various alternatives that overcome these problems have been developed. Despite its many well-documented drawbacks, NHST remains the prevailing method for drawing conclusions from data. Reasons for this have been insufficiently investigated. Therefore, the aim of our study was to explore the perceived barriers and facilitators related to the use of NHST and alternative statistical procedures among relevant stakeholders in the scientific system. Methods Individual semi-structured interviews and focus groups were conducted with junior and senior researchers, lecturers in statistics, editors of scientific journals and program leaders of funding agencies. During the focus groups, important themes that emerged from the interviews were discussed. Data analysis was performed using the constant comparison method, allowing emerging (sub)themes to be fully explored. A theory substantiating the prevailing use of NHST was developed based on the main themes and subthemes we identified. Results Twenty-nine interviews and six focus groups were conducted. Several interrelated facilitators and barriers associated with the use of NHST and alternative statistical procedures were identified. These factors were subsumed under three main themes: the scientific climate, scientific duty, and reactivity. As a result of the factors, most participants feel dependent in their actions upon others, have become reactive, and await action and initiatives from others. This may explain why NHST is still the standard and ubiquitously used by almost everyone involved. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate how perceived barriers to shift away from NHST set a high threshold for actual behavioral change and create a circle of interdependency between stakeholders. By taking small steps it should be possible to decrease the scientific community’s strong dependence on NHST and p-values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonah Stunt
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Methodology and Applied Statistics, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Leonie van Grootel
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Methodology and Applied Statistics, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Rathenau Institute, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Lex Bouter
- Department of Philosophy, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David Trafimow
- Psychology Department, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Trynke Hoekstra
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Methodology and Applied Statistics, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel de Boer
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Methodology and Applied Statistics, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of General Practice and Elderly Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Gutiérrez-Hernández O, García LV. Multiplicity Eludes Peer Review: The Case of COVID-19 Research. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18179304. [PMID: 34501892 PMCID: PMC8430657 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Multiplicity arises when data analysis involves multiple simultaneous inferences, increasing the chance of spurious findings. It is a widespread problem frequently ignored by researchers. In this paper, we perform an exploratory analysis of the Web of Science database for COVID-19 observational studies. We examined 100 top-cited COVID-19 peer-reviewed articles based on p-values, including up to 7100 simultaneous tests, with 50% including >34 tests, and 20% > 100 tests. We found that the larger the number of tests performed, the larger the number of significant results (r = 0.87, p < 10−6). The number of p-values in the abstracts was not related to the number of p-values in the papers. However, the highly significant results (p < 0.001) in the abstracts were strongly correlated (r = 0.61, p < 10−6) with the number of p < 0.001 significances in the papers. Furthermore, the abstracts included a higher proportion of significant results (0.91 vs. 0.50), and 80% reported only significant results. Only one reviewed paper addressed multiplicity-induced type I error inflation, pointing to potentially spurious results bypassing the peer-review process. We conclude the need to pay special attention to the increased chance of false discoveries in observational studies, including non-replicated striking discoveries with a potentially large social impact. We propose some easy-to-implement measures to assess and limit the effects of multiplicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis Ventura García
- Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Seville (IRNAS), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 41012 Seville, Spain;
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Emmerich CH, Gamboa LM, Hofmann MCJ, Bonin-Andresen M, Arbach O, Schendel P, Gerlach B, Hempel K, Bespalov A, Dirnagl U, Parnham MJ. Improving target assessment in biomedical research: the GOT-IT recommendations. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2021; 20:64-81. [PMID: 33199880 PMCID: PMC7667479 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-020-0087-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Academic research plays a key role in identifying new drug targets, including understanding target biology and links between targets and disease states. To lead to new drugs, however, research must progress from purely academic exploration to the initiation of efforts to identify and test a drug candidate in clinical trials, which are typically conducted by the biopharma industry. This transition can be facilitated by a timely focus on target assessment aspects such as target-related safety issues, druggability and assayability, as well as the potential for target modulation to achieve differentiation from established therapies. Here, we present recommendations from the GOT-IT working group, which have been designed to support academic scientists and funders of translational research in identifying and prioritizing target assessment activities and in defining a critical path to reach scientific goals as well as goals related to licensing, partnering with industry or initiating clinical development programmes. Based on sets of guiding questions for different areas of target assessment, the GOT-IT framework is intended to stimulate academic scientists' awareness of factors that make translational research more robust and efficient, and to facilitate academia-industry collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorena Martinez Gamboa
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- QUEST Center for Transforming Biomedical Research, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martine C J Hofmann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Branch for Translational Medicine & Pharmacology TMP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marc Bonin-Andresen
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olga Arbach
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- SPARK-Validation Fund, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pascal Schendel
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Katja Hempel
- Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Anton Bespalov
- PAASP GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
- Valdman Institute of Pharmacology, Pavlov Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ulrich Dirnagl
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- QUEST Center for Transforming Biomedical Research, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael J Parnham
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Branch for Translational Medicine & Pharmacology TMP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Chemistry & Pharmacy, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Editorial commentary to " 18F-Fluorocholine PET uptake correlates with pathologic evidence of recurrent tumor after stereotactic radiosurgery for brain metastases" by Grkovski and colleagues. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2019; 47:1340-1341. [PMID: 31872279 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-019-04651-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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