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Boulton S, Poutou J, Gill R, Alluqmani N, He X, Singaravelu R, Crupi MJ, Petryk J, Austin B, Angka L, Taha Z, Teo I, Singh S, Jamil R, Marius R, Martin N, Jamieson T, Azad T, Diallo JS, Ilkow CS, Bell JC. A T cell-targeted multi-antigen vaccine generates robust cellular and humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2023; 31:101110. [PMID: 37822719 PMCID: PMC10562195 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2023.101110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, the etiological agent behind the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, has continued to mutate and create new variants with increased resistance against the WHO-approved spike-based vaccines. With a significant portion of the worldwide population still unvaccinated and with waning immunity against newly emerging variants, there is a pressing need to develop novel vaccines that provide broader and longer-lasting protection. To generate broader protective immunity against COVID-19, we developed our second-generation vaccinia virus-based COVID-19 vaccine, TOH-VAC-2, encoded with modified versions of the spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins as well as a unique poly-epitope antigen that contains immunodominant T cell epitopes from seven different SARS-CoV-2 proteins. We show that the poly-epitope antigen restimulates T cells from the PBMCs of individuals formerly infected with SARS-CoV-2. In mice, TOH-VAC-2 vaccination produces high titers of S- and N-specific antibodies and generates robust T cell immunity against S, N, and poly-epitope antigens. The immunity generated from TOH-VAC-2 is also capable of protecting mice from heterologous challenge with recombinant VSV viruses that express the same SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Altogether, these findings demonstrate the effectiveness of our versatile vaccine platform as an alternative or complementary approach to current vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Boulton
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Joanna Poutou
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Rida Gill
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Nouf Alluqmani
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Xiaohong He
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Ragunath Singaravelu
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Mathieu J.F. Crupi
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Julia Petryk
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Bradley Austin
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Leonard Angka
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Zaid Taha
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Iris Teo
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Siddarth Singh
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Rameen Jamil
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Ricardo Marius
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Nikolas Martin
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Taylor Jamieson
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Taha Azad
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1E 4K8, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Jean-Simon Diallo
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Carolina S. Ilkow
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - John C. Bell
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
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Lodewijk I, Dueñas M, Paramio JM, Rubio C. CD44v6, STn & O-GD2: promising tumor associated antigens paving the way for new targeted cancer therapies. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1272681. [PMID: 37854601 PMCID: PMC10579806 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1272681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapies are the state of the art in oncology today, and every year new Tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) are developed for preclinical research and clinical trials, but few of them really change the therapeutic scenario. Difficulties, either to find antigens that are solely expressed in tumors or the generation of good binders to these antigens, represent a major bottleneck. Specialized cellular mechanisms, such as differential splicing and glycosylation processes, are a good source of neo-antigen expression. Changes in these processes generate surface proteins that, instead of showing decreased or increased antigen expression driven by enhanced mRNA processing, are aberrant in nature and therefore more specific targets to elicit a precise anti-tumor therapy. Here, we present promising TAAs demonstrated to be potential targets for cancer monitoring, targeted therapy and the generation of new immunotherapy tools, such as recombinant antibodies and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell (CAR-T) or Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Engineered Natural Killer (CAR-NK) for specific tumor killing, in a wide variety of tumor types. Specifically, this review is a detailed update on TAAs CD44v6, STn and O-GD2, describing their origin as well as their current and potential use as disease biomarker and therapeutic target in a diversity of tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Lodewijk
- Biomedical Research Institute I+12, University Hospital “12 de Octubre”, Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas), Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Oncology-CIBERONC, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Dueñas
- Biomedical Research Institute I+12, University Hospital “12 de Octubre”, Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas), Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Oncology-CIBERONC, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus M. Paramio
- Biomedical Research Institute I+12, University Hospital “12 de Octubre”, Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas), Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Oncology-CIBERONC, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Rubio
- Biomedical Research Institute I+12, University Hospital “12 de Octubre”, Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas), Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Oncology-CIBERONC, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
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3
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Freitas R, Peixoto A, Ferreira E, Miranda A, Santos LL, Ferreira JA. Immunomodulatory glycomedicine: Introducing next generation cancer glycovaccines. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 65:108144. [PMID: 37028466 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Cancer remains a leading cause of death worldwide due to the lack of safer and more effective therapies. Cancer vaccines developed from neoantigens are an emerging strategy to promote protective and therapeutic anti-cancer immune responses. Advances in glycomics and glycoproteomics have unveiled several cancer-specific glycosignatures, holding tremendous potential to foster effective cancer glycovaccines. However, the immunosuppressive nature of tumours poses a major obstacle to vaccine-based immunotherapy. Chemical modification of tumour associated glycans, conjugation with immunogenic carriers and administration in combination with potent immune adjuvants constitute emerging strategies to address this bottleneck. Moreover, novel vaccine vehicles have been optimized to enhance immune responses against otherwise poorly immunogenic cancer epitopes. Nanovehicles have shown increased affinity for antigen presenting cells (APCs) in lymph nodes and tumours, while reducing treatment toxicity. Designs exploiting glycans recognized by APCs have further enhanced the delivery of antigenic payloads, improving glycovaccine's capacity to elicit innate and acquired immune responses. These solutions show potential to reduce tumour burden, while generating immunological memory. Building on this rationale, we provide a comprehensive overview on emerging cancer glycovaccines, emphasizing the potential of nanotechnology in this context. A roadmap towards clinical implementation is also delivered foreseeing advances in glycan-based immunomodulatory cancer medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Freitas
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.ccc), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute - University of Porto (ICBAS), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Peixoto
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.ccc), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Ferreira
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Miranda
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute - University of Porto (ICBAS), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Lúcio Lara Santos
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.ccc), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute - University of Porto (ICBAS), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Health School of University Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal; GlycoMatters Biotech, 4500-162 Espinho, Portugal; Department of Surgical Oncology, Portuguese Oncology Institute (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - José Alexandre Ferreira
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.ccc), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; GlycoMatters Biotech, 4500-162 Espinho, Portugal.
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León-Letelier RA, Katayama H, Hanash S. Mining the Immunopeptidome for Antigenic Peptides in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4968. [PMID: 36291752 PMCID: PMC9599891 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14204968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although harnessing the immune system for cancer therapy has shown success, response to immunotherapy has been limited. The immunopeptidome of cancer cells presents an opportunity to discover novel antigens for immunotherapy applications. These neoantigens bind to MHC class I and class II molecules. Remarkably, the immunopeptidome encompasses protein post-translation modifications (PTMs) that may not be evident from genome or transcriptome profiling. A case in point is citrullination, which has been demonstrated to induce a strong immune response. In this review, we cover how the immunopeptidome, with a special focus on PTMs, can be utilized to identify cancer-specific antigens for immunotherapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sam Hanash
- Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Peptide-Based Vaccines in Clinical Phases and New Potential Therapeutic Targets as a New Approach for Breast Cancer: A Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10081249. [PMID: 36016136 PMCID: PMC9416350 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of death in women from 20 to 59 years old. The conventional treatment includes surgery, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, and immunotherapy. This immunotherapy is based on administering monoclonal therapeutic antibodies (passive) or vaccines (active) with therapeutic purposes. Several types of vaccines could be used as potential treatments for cancer, including whole-cell, DNA, RNA, and peptide-based vaccines. Peptides used to develop vaccines are derived from tumor-associated antigens or tumor-specific antigens, such as HER-2, MUC1, ErbB2, CEA, FRα, MAGE A1, A3, and A10, NY-ESO-1, among others. Peptide-based vaccines provide some advantages, such as low cost, purity of the antigen, and the induction of humoral and cellular immune response. In this review, we explore the different types of vaccines against breast cancer with a specific focus on the description of peptide-based vaccines, their composition, immune response induction, and the description of new potential therapeutic targets.
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Sorieul C, Papi F, Carboni F, Pecetta S, Phogat S, Adamo R. Recent advances and future perspectives on carbohydrate-based cancer vaccines and therapeutics. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 235:108158. [PMID: 35183590 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are abundantly expressed on the surface of both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, often as post translational modifications of proteins. Glycoproteins are recognized by the immune system and can trigger both innate and humoral responses. This feature has been harnessed to generate vaccines against polysaccharide-encapsulated bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Hemophilus influenzae type b and Neisseria meningitidis. In cancer, glycosylation plays a pivotal role in malignancy development and progression. Since glycans are specifically expressed on the surface of tumor cells, they have been targeted for the discovery of anticancer preventive and therapeutic treatments, such as vaccines and monoclonal antibodies. Despite the various efforts made over the last years, resulting in a series of clinical studies, attempts of vaccination with carbohydrate-based candidates have proven unsuccessful, primarily due to the immune tolerance often associated with these glycans. New strategies are thus deployed to enhance carbohydrate-based cancer vaccines. Moreover, lessons learned from glycan immunobiology paved the way to the development of new monoclonal antibodies specifically designed to recognize cancer-bound carbohydrates and induce tumor cell killing. Herein we provide an overview of the immunological principles behind the immune response towards glycans and glycoconjugates and the approaches exploited at both preclinical and clinical level to target cancer-associated glycans for the development of vaccines and therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. We also discuss gaps and opportunities to successfully advance glycan-directed cancer therapies, which could provide patients with innovative and effective treatments.
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Deimel LP, Xue X, Sattentau QJ. Glycans in HIV-1 vaccine design – engaging the shield. Trends Microbiol 2022; 30:866-881. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Berois N, Pittini A, Osinaga E. Targeting Tumor Glycans for Cancer Therapy: Successes, Limitations, and Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030645. [PMID: 35158915 PMCID: PMC8833780 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Aberrant glycosylation is a common feature of many cancers, and it plays crucial roles in tumor development and biology. Cancer progression can be regulated by several physiopathological processes controlled by glycosylation, such as cell–cell adhesion, cell–matrix interaction, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, tumor proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Different mechanisms of aberrant glycosylation lead to the formation of tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs), which are suitable for selective cancer targeting, as well as novel antitumor immunotherapy approaches. This review summarizes the strategies developed in cancer immunotherapy targeting TACAs, analyzing molecular and cellular mechanisms and state-of-the-art methods in clinical oncology. Abstract Aberrant glycosylation is a hallmark of cancer and can lead to changes that influence tumor behavior. Glycans can serve as a source of novel clinical biomarker developments, providing a set of specific targets for therapeutic intervention. Different mechanisms of aberrant glycosylation lead to the formation of tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) suitable for selective cancer-targeting therapy. The best characterized TACAs are truncated O-glycans (Tn, TF, and sialyl-Tn antigens), gangliosides (GD2, GD3, GM2, GM3, fucosyl-GM1), globo-serie glycans (Globo-H, SSEA-3, SSEA-4), Lewis antigens, and polysialic acid. In this review, we analyze strategies for cancer immunotherapy targeting TACAs, including different antibody developments, the production of vaccines, and the generation of CAR-T cells. Some approaches have been approved for clinical use, such as anti-GD2 antibodies. Moreover, in terms of the antitumor mechanisms against different TACAs, we show results of selected clinical trials, considering the horizons that have opened up as a result of recent developments in technologies used for cancer control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Berois
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología e Inmunología Tumoral, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay;
- Correspondence: (N.B.); (E.O.)
| | - Alvaro Pittini
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología e Inmunología Tumoral, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay;
- Departamento de Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Eduardo Osinaga
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología e Inmunología Tumoral, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay;
- Departamento de Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
- Correspondence: (N.B.); (E.O.)
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9
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Corti C, Giachetti PPMB, Eggermont AMM, Delaloge S, Curigliano G. Therapeutic vaccines for breast cancer: Has the time finally come? Eur J Cancer 2022; 160:150-174. [PMID: 34823982 PMCID: PMC8608270 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2021.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The ability to exploit the immune system as a weapon against cancer has revolutionised the treatment of cancer patients, especially through immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). However, ICIs demonstrated a modest benefit in treating breast cancer (BC), with the exception of certain subsets of triple-negative BCs. An immune-suppressive tumour microenvironment (TME), typically present in BC, is an important factor in the poor response to immunotherapy. After almost two decades of poor clinical trial results, cancer vaccines (CVs), an active immunotherapy, have come back in the spotlight because of some technological advancements, ultimately boosted by coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. In particular, neoantigens are emerging as the preferred targets for CVs, with gene-based and viral vector-based platforms in development. Moreover, lipid nanoparticles proved to be immunogenic and efficient delivery vehicles. Past clinical trials investigating CVs focused especially on the metastatic disease, where the TME is more likely compromised by inhibitory mechanisms. In this sense, favouring the use of CVs as monotherapy in premalignant or in the adjuvant setting and establishing combination treatments (i.e. CV plus ICI) in late-stage disease are promising strategies. This review provides a full overview of the past and current breast cancer vaccine landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Corti
- Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Haematology (DIPO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Pier P M B Giachetti
- Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Haematology (DIPO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alexander M M Eggermont
- Princess Máxima Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Cancer Medicine, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Suzette Delaloge
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Giuseppe Curigliano
- Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Haematology (DIPO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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10
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Gabba A, Bogucka A, Luz JG, Diniz A, Coelho H, Corzana F, Cañada FJ, Marcelo F, Murphy PV, Birrane G. Crystal Structure of the Carbohydrate Recognition Domain of the Human Macrophage Galactose C-Type Lectin Bound to GalNAc and the Tumor-Associated Tn Antigen. Biochemistry 2021; 60:1327-1336. [PMID: 33724805 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The human macrophage galactose lectin (MGL) is an endocytic type II transmembrane receptor expressed on immature monocyte-derived dendritic cells and activated macrophages and plays a role in modulating the immune system in response to infections and cancer. MGL contains an extracellular calcium-dependent (C-type) carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) that specifically binds terminal N-acetylgalactosamine glycan residues such as the Tn and sialyl-Tn antigens found on tumor cells, as well as other N- and O-glycans displayed on certain viruses and parasites. Even though the glycan specificity of MGL is known and several binding glycoproteins have been identified, the molecular basis for substrate recognition has remained elusive due to the lack of high-resolution structures. Here we present crystal structures of the MGL CRD at near endosomal pH and in several complexes, which reveal details of the interactions with the natural ligand, GalNAc, the cancer-associated Tn-Ser antigen, and a synthetic GalNAc mimetic ligand. Like the asialoglycoprotein receptor, additional calcium atoms are present and contribute to stabilization of the MGL CRD fold. The structure provides the molecular basis for preferential binding of N-acetylgalactosamine over galactose and prompted the re-evaluation of the binding modes previously proposed in solution. Saturation transfer difference nuclear magnetic resonance data acquired using the MGL CRD and interpreted using the crystal structure indicate a single binding mode for GalNAc in solution. Models of MGL1 and MGL2, the mouse homologues of MGL, explain how these proteins might recognize LewisX and GalNAc, respectively.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate/metabolism
- Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate/chemistry
- Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate/immunology
- Humans
- Lectins, C-Type/chemistry
- Lectins, C-Type/metabolism
- Acetylgalactosamine/metabolism
- Acetylgalactosamine/chemistry
- Crystallography, X-Ray
- Models, Molecular
- Protein Domains
- Binding Sites
- Protein Binding
- Animals
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Gabba
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Agnieszka Bogucka
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - John G Luz
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Ana Diniz
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Helena Coelho
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Francisco Corzana
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Cañada
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Avda Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Filipa Marcelo
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Paul V Murphy
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Gabriel Birrane
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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The fully synthetic glycopeptide MAG-Tn3 therapeutic vaccine induces tumor-specific cytotoxic antibodies in breast cancer patients. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 69:703-716. [DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02503-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Vacchini M, Edwards R, Guizzardi R, Palmioli A, Ciaramelli C, Paiotta A, Airoldi C, La Ferla B, Cipolla L. Glycan Carriers As Glycotools for Medicinal Chemistry Applications. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:6349-6398. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190104164653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are one of the most powerful and versatile classes of biomolecules that nature
uses to regulate organisms’ biochemistry, modulating plenty of signaling events within cells, triggering
a plethora of physiological and pathological cellular behaviors. In this framework, glycan carrier
systems or carbohydrate-decorated materials constitute interesting and relevant tools for medicinal
chemistry applications. In the last few decades, efforts have been focused, among others, on the development
of multivalent glycoconjugates, biosensors, glycoarrays, carbohydrate-decorated biomaterials
for regenerative medicine, and glyconanoparticles. This review aims to provide the reader with a general
overview of the different carbohydrate carrier systems that have been developed as tools in different
medicinal chemistry approaches relying on carbohydrate-protein interactions. Given the extent of
this topic, the present review will focus on selected examples that highlight the advancements and potentialities
offered by this specific area of research, rather than being an exhaustive literature survey of
any specific glyco-functionalized system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Vacchini
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca Milano, Italy
| | - Rana Edwards
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Guizzardi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Palmioli
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca Milano, Italy
| | - Carlotta Ciaramelli
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca Milano, Italy
| | - Alice Paiotta
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca Milano, Italy
| | - Cristina Airoldi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca Milano, Italy
| | - Barbara La Ferla
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Cipolla
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca Milano, Italy
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Dias AP, da Silva Santos S, da Silva JV, Parise-Filho R, Igne Ferreira E, Seoud OE, Giarolla J. Dendrimers in the context of nanomedicine. Int J Pharm 2019; 573:118814. [PMID: 31759101 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Dendrimers are globular structures, presenting an initiator core, repetitive layers starting radially from the core and terminal groups on the surface, resembling tree architecture. These structures have been studied in many biological applications, as drug, DNA, RNA and proteins delivery, as well as imaging and radiocontrast agents. With reference to that, this review focused in providing examples of dendrimers used in nanomedicine. Although most studies emphasize cancer, there are others which reveal action in the neurosystem, reducing either neuroinflammation or protein aggregation. Dendrimers can carry bioactive compounds by covalent bond (dendrimer prodrug), or by ionic interaction or adsortion in the internal space of the nanostructure. Additionally, dendrimers can be associated with other polymers, as PEG (polyethylene glycol), and with targeting structures as aptamers, antibodies, folic acid and carbohydrates. Their products in preclinical/clinical trial and those in the market are also discussed, with a total of six derivatives in clinical trials and seven products available in the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Dias
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Soraya da Silva Santos
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - João Vitor da Silva
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Roberto Parise-Filho
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Igne Ferreira
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Omar El Seoud
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jeanine Giarolla
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil.
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Szekely T, Roy O, Dériaud E, Job A, Lo-Man R, Leclerc C, Taillefumier C. Design, Synthesis, and Immunological Evaluation of a Multicomponent Construct Based on a Glycotripeptoid Core Comprising B and T Cell Epitopes and a Toll-like Receptor 7 Agonist That Elicits Potent Immune Responses. J Med Chem 2018; 61:9568-9582. [PMID: 30351939 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We present here for the first time the synthesis and immunological evaluation of a fully synthetic three-component anticancer vaccine candidate that consists of a β-glycotripeptoid core mimicking a cluster of Tn at the surface of tumor cells (B epitope), conjugated to the OVA 323-339 peptide (T-cell epitope) and a Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist for potent adjuvanticity. The immunological evaluation of this construct and of precursor components demonstrated the synergistic activity of the components within the conjugate to stimulate innate and adaptive immune cells (DCs, T-helper, and B-cells). Surprisingly, immunization of mice with the tricomponent GalNAc-based construct elicited a low level of anti-Tn IgG but elicited a very high level of antibodies that recognize the TLR7 agonist. This finding could represent a potential vaccine therapeutic approach for the treatment of some autoimmune diseases such as lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Szekely
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, ICCF , F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand , France
| | - Olivier Roy
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, ICCF , F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand , France
| | - Edith Dériaud
- Unité Régulation Immunitaire et Vaccinologie, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer , Institut Pasteur , 75015 Paris , France.,INSERM U1041 , 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Aurélie Job
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, ICCF , F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand , France
| | - Richard Lo-Man
- Unité Régulation Immunitaire et Vaccinologie, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer , Institut Pasteur , 75015 Paris , France.,INSERM U1041 , 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Claude Leclerc
- Unité Régulation Immunitaire et Vaccinologie, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer , Institut Pasteur , 75015 Paris , France.,INSERM U1041 , 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Claude Taillefumier
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, ICCF , F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand , France
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Trabbic KR, Kleski KA, Shi M, Bourgault JP, Prendergast JM, Dransfield DT, Andreana PR. Production of a mouse monoclonal IgM antibody that targets the carbohydrate Thomsen-nouveau cancer antigen resulting in in vivo and in vitro tumor killing. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 67:1437-1447. [PMID: 30030557 PMCID: PMC11028060 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-018-2206-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The construction of a tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen-zwitterionic polysaccharide conjugate, Thomsen-nouveau-polysaccharide A1 (Tn-PS A1, where Tn = D-GalpNAc), has led to the development of a carbohydrate binding monoclonal antibody named Kt-IgM-8. Kt-IgM-8 was produced via hybridoma from Tn-PS A1 hyperimmunized Jackson Laboratory C57BL/6 mice, splenocytes and the murine myeloma cell line Sp2/0Ag14 with subsequent cloning on methyl cellulose semi-solid media. This in-house generated monoclonal antibody negates binding influenced from peptides, proteins, and lipids and preferentially binds monovalent Tn antigen as noted by ELISA, FACS, and glycan array technologies. Kt-IgM-8 demonstrated in vitro and in vivo tumor killing against the Michigan Cancer Foundation breast cell line 7 (MCF-7). In vitro tumor killing was observed using an LDH assay that measured antibody-induced complement-dependent cytotoxicity and these results were validated in an in vivo passive immunotherapy approach using an MCF-7 cell line-derived xenograft model. Kt-IgM-8 is effective in killing tumor cells at 30% cytotoxicity, and furthermore, it demonstrated approximately 40% reduction in tumor growth in the MCF-7 model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R Trabbic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Wolfe Hall 2232B, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | - Kristopher A Kleski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Wolfe Hall 2232B, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | - Mengchao Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Wolfe Hall 2232B, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | - Jean-Paul Bourgault
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Wolfe Hall 2232B, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | | | | | - Peter R Andreana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Wolfe Hall 2232B, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA.
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Two tandem repeats of mHSP70 407-426 enhance therapeutic antitumor effects of a recombined vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein vaccine. Life Sci 2018; 201:102-110. [PMID: 29572180 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Active immunization with human vascular endothelial growth factor (hVEGF) vaccines provides a therapeutic option instead of bevacizumab therapy. However, the immunity to self-molecule is difficult to elicit due to immune tolerance. A bioactive peptide of two tandem repeats of mHSP70407-426 (M2) has exhibited potent adjuvant ability in our previous study, and the aim of this study was to explore whether M2 could assist hVEGF to display enhanced therapeutic anti-tumor effects. MAIN METHODS The anti-tumor effects of hVEGF-M2 vaccine were evaluated in both H22 hepatocellular carcinoma and Lewis lung tumor models. CD31 analysis of excised tumors was used to evaluate anti-angiogenesis effects. The titers of anti-VEGF antibody was detected by ELISA and verified by western blot analyses, and the effects of immune sera on HUVEC differentiation were investigated by tube formation assay. KEY FINDINGS M2 could assist hVEGF to exhibit more favorable therapeutic anti-tumor growth and metastasis effects than hVEGF. Meanwhile, high titer of anti-VEGF antibody was detected in hVEGF-M2 immunized mice sera by ELISA and verified by western blot analysis. Sera from hVEGF-M2 immunized mice could more significantly inhibit HUVEC tube formation than hVEGF immune serum. The hVEGF-M2-immune sera could more effectively inhibit H22 tumor growth and extend the survival rates of H22 tumor bearing mice than hVEGF-immune sera. CD31 analysis of the excised tumors verified a significant reduction in vessel density after hVEGF-M2 vaccination. SIGNIFICANCE M2 could assist hVEGF to display enhanced anti-tumor effects, which are important for the further application of M2 to enhance antigen-specific immune responses.
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Nakasone ES, Hurvitz SA, McCann KE. Harnessing the immune system in the battle against breast cancer. Drugs Context 2018; 7:212520. [PMID: 29456568 PMCID: PMC5810622 DOI: 10.7573/dic.212520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignancy in women and the second most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Despite major innovations in early detection and advanced therapeutics, up to 30% of women with node-negative breast cancer and 70% of women with node-positive breast cancer will develop recurrence. The recognition that breast tumors are infiltrated by a complex array of immune cells that influence their development, progression, and metastasis, as well as their responsiveness to systemic therapies has sparked major interest in the development of immunotherapies. In fact, not only the native host immune system can be altered to promote potent antitumor response, but also its components can be manipulated to generate effective therapeutic strategies. We present here a review of the major approaches to immunotherapy in breast cancers, both successes and failures, as well as new therapies on the horizon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Nakasone
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sara A Hurvitz
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kelly E McCann
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Gundogdu SB, Saylam B, Tez M. Cyst hydatid and cancer: the myth continues. Clin Chem Lab Med 2017; 55:e150-e151. [PMID: 27815959 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2016-0626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Moreno Ayala MA, Gottardo MF, Asad AS, Zuccato C, Nicola A, Seilicovich A, Candolfi M. Immunotherapy for the treatment of breast cancer. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2017; 17:797-812. [PMID: 28446053 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2017.1324566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer is the most common cancer as well as the first cause of death by cancer in women worldwide. Although routine treatment improves the outcome of early stage breast cancer patients, there is no effective therapy for the disseminated disease. Immunotherapy has emerged as a powerful therapeutic strategy for the treatment of many cancers. Although traditionally conceived as a non-immunogenic tumor, breast cancer is now considered a potential target for immunotherapy. Areas covered: In this review, the authors discuss different immunotherapeutic strategies that are currently being tested for the treatment of breast cancer: These strategies include: (i) blockade of immunological checkpoints, (ii) antitumor vaccines, (iii) regulatory T cell blockade, (iv) adoptive T cell transfer therapy, (iv) adoptive immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies, and (v) combination of immunotherapy with chemotherapy. Expert opinion: A growing body of evidence indicates that immunotherapeutic strategies can benefit a larger cohort of breast cancer patients than hitherto anticipated. Since breast tumors entail multiple mechanisms to impair antitumor immunity, the immunological characterization of individual tumors and the selection of suitable combinations of chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic approaches are required to achieve significant clinical benefit in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela A Moreno Ayala
- a Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED-CONICET/UBA), Facultad de Medicina , Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Maria Florencia Gottardo
- a Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED-CONICET/UBA), Facultad de Medicina , Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Antonela S Asad
- a Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED-CONICET/UBA), Facultad de Medicina , Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Camila Zuccato
- a Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED-CONICET/UBA), Facultad de Medicina , Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Alejandro Nicola
- a Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED-CONICET/UBA), Facultad de Medicina , Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Adriana Seilicovich
- a Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED-CONICET/UBA), Facultad de Medicina , Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Marianela Candolfi
- a Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED-CONICET/UBA), Facultad de Medicina , Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina
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Ganneau C, Simenel C, Emptas E, Courtiol T, Coïc YM, Artaud C, Dériaud E, Bonhomme F, Delepierre M, Leclerc C, Lo-Man R, Bay S. Large-scale synthesis and structural analysis of a synthetic glycopeptide dendrimer as an anti-cancer vaccine candidate. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:114-123. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01931e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A complex glycopeptide was obtained in multigram as a fully synthetic anti-cancer vaccine for human use.
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Ambrose EA. Botulinum Neurotoxin, Tetanus Toxin, and Anthrax Lethal Factor Countermeasures. TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/7355_2016_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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