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Mahapatra S, Kar P. Computational biophysical characterization of the effect of gatekeeper mutations on the binding of ponatinib to the FGFR kinase. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 758:110070. [PMID: 38909834 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.110070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR) is connected to numerous downstream signalling cascades regulating cellular behavior. Any dysregulation leads to a plethora of illnesses, including cancer. Therapeutics are available, but drug resistance driven by gatekeeper mutation impedes the treatment. Ponatinib is an FDA-approved drug against BCR-ABL kinase and has shown effective results against FGFR-mediated carcinogenesis. Herein, we undertake molecular dynamics simulation-based analysis on ponatinib against all the FGFR isoforms having Val to Met gatekeeper mutations. The results suggest that ponatinib is a potent and selective inhibitor for FGFR1, FGFR2, and FGFR4 gatekeeper mutations. The extensive electrostatic and van der Waals interaction network accounts for its high potency. The FGFR3_VM mutation has shown resistance towards ponatinib, which is supported by their lesser binding affinity than wild-type complexes. The disengaged molecular brake and engaged hydrophobic spine were believed to be the driving factors for weak protein-ligand interaction. Taken together, the inhibitory and structural characteristics exhibited by ponatinib may aid in thwarting resistance based on Val-to-Met gatekeeper mutations at an earlier stage of treatment and advance the design and development of other inhibitors targeted at FGFRs harboring gatekeeper mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhasmita Mahapatra
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Indore, 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Parimal Kar
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Indore, 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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2
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Mahaamnad N, Pocasap P, Kukongviriyapan V, Senggunprai L, Prawan A, Kongpetch S. Dual blockage of PI3K-mTOR and FGFR induced autophagic cell death in cholangiocarcinoma cells. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31112. [PMID: 38799762 PMCID: PMC11126846 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To assess the impact of concurrent inhibition of the FGFR and PI3K/mTOR signaling pathways on oncogenic characteristics in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cells, including proliferation, autophagy, and cell death. Materials and methods KKU-213A, KKU-100, and KKU-213C cells were treated with either infigratinib or PKI-402 alone or in combination. Cell viability and cell death were evaluated using the sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay and acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining. Cell cycle progression and apoptotic cell death were analyzed by flow cytometry. Western blotting was performed to assess the expression of proteins involved in cell cycle regulation and autophagy. Additionally, AO staining was employed to assess autophagic induction. Results The combination of infigratinib and PKI-402 showed a remarked synergistic suppression in cell viability in both CCA cell lines compared to treatment with single inhibitors. This antiproliferative effect was associated with cell cycle arrest in the G2-M phase and a decrease in the expression of cyclin A and cyclin B1 in CCA cells. Furthermore, the combination treatment induced apoptotic cell death to a greater extent than treatment with a single inhibitor. Infigratinib enhanced the induction of autophagy by PKI-402, as evidenced by marked increases of autophagic vacuoles stained acridine orange, levels of LC3B-II and suppression of levels of p-mTOR and. Notably, inhibition of autophagic flux by chloroquine prevented cell death induced by the combination treatment. Conclusions This study demonstrated that concurrent inhibition of the key FGFR/PI3K/mTOR pathways in CCA carcinogenesis enhances the suppression of CCA cells. The present findings indicate potential clinical implications for using combination treatment modalities in CCA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narumon Mahaamnad
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Piman Pocasap
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Veerapol Kukongviriyapan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Laddawan Senggunprai
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Auemduan Prawan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Sarinya Kongpetch
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
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3
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Wang L, Qiu Q, Yang D, Cao C, Lu Y, Zeng Y, Jiang W, Shen Y, Ye Y. Clinical research progress of ridaforolimus (AP23573, MK8668) over the past decade: a systemic review. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1173240. [PMID: 38584599 PMCID: PMC10995224 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1173240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Rapamycin, an established mTOR inhibitor in clinical practice, is widely recognized for its therapeutic efficacy. Ridaforolimus, a non-prodrug rapalog, offers improved aqueous solubility, stability, and affinity compared to rapamycin. In recent years, there has been a surge in clinical trials involving ridaforolimus. We searched PubMed for ridaforolimus over the past decade and selected clinical trials of ridaforolimus to make a summary of the research progress of ridaforolimus in clinical trials. The majority of these trials explored the application of ridaforolimus in treating various tumors, including endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and other solid tumors. These trials employed diverse drug combinations, incorporating agents such as ponatinib, bicalutamide, dalotuzumab, MK-2206, MK-0752, and taxanes. The outcomes of these trials unveiled the diverse potential applications of ridaforolimus in disease treatment. Our review encompassed analyses of signaling pathways, ridaforolimus as a single therapeutic agent, its compatibility in combination with other drugs, and an assessment of adverse events (AEs). We conclude by recommending further research to advance our understanding of ridaforolimus's clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lumin Wang
- Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Qining Qiu
- Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dawei Yang
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Cao
- Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yanqin Lu
- Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yulan Zeng
- Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Weiwen Jiang
- Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Shen
- Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanrong Ye
- Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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4
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Gao Y, Ding Y, Tai XR, Zhang C, Wang D. Ponatinib: An update on its drug targets, therapeutic potential and safety. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188949. [PMID: 37399979 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Leukemia is a malignancy of the hematopoietic system, and as its pathogenesis has become better understood, three generations of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been developed. Ponatinib is the third-generation breakpoint cluster region (BCR) and Abelson (ABL) TKI, which has been influential in the leukemia therapy for a decade. Moreover, ponatinib is a potent multi-target kinase inhibitor that acts on various kinases, such as KIT, RET, and Src, making it a promising treatment option for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), lung cancer, myeloproliferative syndrome, and other diseases. The drug's significant cardiovascular toxicity poses a significant challenge to its clinical use, requiring the development of strategies to minimize its toxicity and side effects. In this article, the pharmacokinetics, targets, therapeutic potential, toxicity and production mechanism of ponatinib will be reviewed. Furthermore, we will discuss methods to reduce the drug's toxicity, providing new avenues for research to improve its safety in clinical use.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/pharmacology
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/therapeutic use
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/chemically induced
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Yue Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Xin-Ran Tai
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Chen Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China.
| | - Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China.
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Dai S, Zhong Y, Cui H, Zhao J, Li S. Aortic dissection induced by vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1189910. [PMID: 37426822 PMCID: PMC10327890 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1189910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) contributes to angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. The occurrence and progression of tumors are accompanied by angiogenesis. Vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors (VEGFI) have been used in anti-tumor treatment. However, aortic dissection (AD) is one of the VEGFI-associated adverse reactions with cute onset, rapid progression, and high case fatality rate. We collected case reports of VEGFI related to aortic dissection in PubMed and CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) from inception to 28 April 2022. Seventeen case reports were selected. The medication included sunitinib, sorafenib, pazopanib, axitinib, apatinib, anlotinib, bevacizumab, and ramucirumab. This review discusses the pathology, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment of AD. Vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors are related to aortic dissection. Although current literature lacks clear statistical evidence on the population, we offer points to encourage further confirmation of the best methods of care for these patients.
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Mahapatra S, Jonniya NA, Koirala S, Ursal KD, Kar P. The FGF/FGFR signalling mediated anti-cancer drug resistance and therapeutic intervention. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:13509-13533. [PMID: 36995019 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2191721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) ligands and their receptors are crucial factors driving chemoresistance in several malignancies, challenging the efficacy of currently available anti-cancer drugs. The Fibroblast growth factor/receptor (FGF/FGFR) signalling malfunctions in tumor cells, resulting in a range of molecular pathways that may impact its drug effectiveness. Deregulation of cell signalling is critical since it can enhance tumor growth and metastasis. Overexpression and mutation of FGF/FGFR induce regulatory changes in the signalling pathways. Chromosomal translocation facilitating FGFR fusion production aggravates drug resistance. Apoptosis is inhibited by FGFR-activated signalling pathways, reducing multiple anti-cancer medications' destructive impacts. Angiogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are facilitated by FGFRs-dependent signalling, which correlates with drug resistance and enhances metastasis. Further, lysosome-mediated drug sequestration is another prominent method of resistance. Inhibition of FGF/FGFR by following a plethora of therapeutic approaches such as covalent and multitarget inhibitors, ligand traps, monoclonal antibodies, recombinant FGFs, combination therapy, and targeting lysosomes and micro RNAs would be helpful. As a result, FGF/FGFR suppression treatment options are evolving nowadays. To increase positive impacts, the processes underpinning the FGF/FGFR axis' role in developing drug resistance need to be clarified, emphasizing the need for more studies to develop novel therapeutic options to address this significant problem. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhasmita Mahapatra
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Nisha Amarnath Jonniya
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Suman Koirala
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Kapil Dattatray Ursal
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Parimal Kar
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Zheng J, Zhang W, Li L, He Y, Wei Y, Dang Y, Nie S, Guo Z. Signaling Pathway and Small-Molecule Drug Discovery of FGFR: A Comprehensive Review. Front Chem 2022; 10:860985. [PMID: 35494629 PMCID: PMC9046545 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.860985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapy is a groundbreaking innovation for cancer treatment. Among the receptor tyrosine kinases, the fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) garnered substantial attention as promising therapeutic targets due to their fundamental biological functions and frequently observed abnormality in tumors. In the past 2 decades, several generations of FGFR kinase inhibitors have been developed. This review starts by introducing the biological basis of FGF/FGFR signaling. It then gives a detailed description of different types of small-molecule FGFR inhibitors according to modes of action, followed by a systematic overview of small-molecule-based therapies of different modalities. It ends with our perspectives for the development of novel FGFR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zufeng Guo
- *Correspondence: Shenyou Nie, ; Zufeng Guo,
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8
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Transport and metabolism of tyrosine kinase inhibitors associated with chronic myeloid leukemia therapy: a review. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:1261-1279. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04376-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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9
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Receptor-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Ponatinib Inhibits Meningioma Growth In Vitro and In Vivo. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235898. [PMID: 34885009 PMCID: PMC8657092 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, there is no standard-of-care systemic therapy for the treatment of aggressive meningiomas. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) are frequently expressed in aggressive meningiomas and are associated with poor survival. Ponatinib is a FDA- and EMA-approved RTK inhibitor and its efficacy in meningioma has not been studied so far. Therefore, we investigated ponatinib as a potential drug candidate against meningioma. Cell viability and cell proliferation of ponatinib-treated meningioma cells were assessed using crystal violet assay, manual counting and BrdU assay. Treated meningioma cell lines were subjected to flow cytometry to evaluate the effects on cell cycle and apoptosis. Meningioma-bearing mice were treated with ponatinib to examine antitumor effects in vivo. qPCR was performed to assess the mRNA levels of tyrosine kinase receptors after ponatinib treatment. Full-length cDNA sequencing was carried out to assess differential gene expression. IC50 values of ponatinib were between 171.2 and 341.9 nM in three meningioma cell lines. Ponatinib induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and subsequently led to an accumulation of cells in the subG1-phase. A significant induction of apoptosis was observed in vitro. In vivo, ponatinib inhibited meningioma growth by 72.6%. Mechanistically, this was associated with downregulation of PDGFRA/B and FLT3 mRNA levels, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Taken together, ponatinib is a promising candidate for targeted therapy in the treatment of aggressive meningioma.
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Krentel F, Singer F, Rosano-Gonzalez ML, Gibb EA, Liu Y, Davicioni E, Keller N, Stekhoven DJ, Kruithof-de Julio M, Seiler R. A showcase study on personalized in silico drug response prediction based on the genetic landscape of muscle invasive bladder cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5849. [PMID: 33712636 PMCID: PMC7955125 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85151-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Improved and cheaper molecular diagnostics allow the shift from "one size fits all" therapies to personalised treatments targeting the individual tumor. However, the wealth of potential targets based on comprehensive sequencing remains a yet unsolved challenge that prevents its routine use in clinical practice. Thus, we designed a workflow that selects the most promising treatment targets based on multi-omics sequencing and in silico drug prediction. In this study we demonstrate the workflow with focus on bladder cancer (BLCA), as there are, to date, no reliable diagnostics available to predict the potential benefit of a therapeutic approach. Within the TCGA-BLCA cohort, our workflow identified a panel of 21 genes and 72 drugs that suggested personalized treatment for 95% of patients-including five genes not yet reported as prognostic markers for clinical testing in BLCA. The automated predictions were complemented by manually curated data, thus allowing for accurate sensitivity- or resistance-directed drug response predictions. We discuss potential improvements of drug-gene interaction databases on the basis of pitfalls that were identified during manual curation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Franziska Singer
- NEXUS Personalized Health Technologies, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - María Lourdes Rosano-Gonzalez
- NEXUS Personalized Health Technologies, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Yang Liu
- GenomeDx Biosciences, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | | | - Daniel J Stekhoven
- NEXUS Personalized Health Technologies, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marianna Kruithof-de Julio
- Department of Urology, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, Urology Research Laboratory, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Translational Organoid Research, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Bern Center for Precision Medicine, University of Bern, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roland Seiler
- Department of Urology, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
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11
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Yue S, Li Y, Chen X, Wang J, Li M, Chen Y, Wu D. FGFR-TKI resistance in cancer: current status and perspectives. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:23. [PMID: 33568192 PMCID: PMC7876795 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01040-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) play key roles in promoting the proliferation, differentiation, and migration of cancer cell. Inactivation of FGFRs by tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) has achieved great success in tumor-targeted therapy. However, resistance to FGFR-TKI has become a concern. Here, we review the mechanisms of FGFR-TKI resistance in cancer, including gatekeeper mutations, alternative signaling pathway activation, lysosome-mediated TKI sequestration, and gene fusion. In addition, we summarize strategies to overcome resistance, including developing covalent inhibitors, developing dual-target inhibitors, adopting combination therapy, and targeting lysosomes, which will facilitate the transition to precision medicine and individualized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitong Yue
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Structural Biology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yukun Li
- Clinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Department of Histology and Embryology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Xiaojuan Chen
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Structural Biology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Clinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Department of Histology and Embryology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Meixiang Li
- Clinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Department of Histology and Embryology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Yongheng Chen
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Structural Biology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
| | - Daichao Wu
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Structural Biology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China. .,Clinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Department of Histology and Embryology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China. .,W.M. Keck Laboratory for Structural Biology, University of Maryland Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
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12
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Zhu DL, Tuo XM, Rong Y, Zhang K, Guo Y. Fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling as therapeutic targets in female reproductive system cancers. J Cancer 2020; 11:7264-7275. [PMID: 33193890 PMCID: PMC7646179 DOI: 10.7150/jca.44727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer, cervical cancer and endometrial cancer are three relatively common malignant cancers of the female reproductive system. Despite improvements in female genital tract cancer detection and development of new therapeutic approaches, there are still poor prognoses and some do not respond to therapeutic patterns, displaying low survival and high frequency of recurrence. In an era of personalized medicine, novel therapeutic approaches with greater efficacy for these cancers represent an unmet need. One of the actionable signaling pathways is the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling pathway. Several mutations and alterations in FGF/FGFR family members have been reported in human cancers. FGF/FGFR signaling pathway has become a new target for cancer therapy. This review will summarize the role of FGFR pathway and the genetic alterations of the FGF/FGFR related to female reproductive system cancer. We will describe the available inhibitors of FGFR pathway for potential treatment of female reproductive system cancer. Furthermore, we will discuss FGFR-targeted therapies under clinical development for treatment of female reproductive system cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Li Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Trauma Surgery, Honghui Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China.,Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China, 710054.,Research institute of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China, 311215
| | - Xiao-Mei Tuo
- Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China, 710054
| | - Yu Rong
- Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China, 710054
| | - Kun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Trauma Surgery, Honghui Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Yan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Trauma Surgery, Honghui Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China.,Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China, 710054
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13
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Luo H, Zhang T, Cheng P, Li D, Ogorodniitchouk O, Lahmamssi C, Wang G, Lan M. Therapeutic implications of fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitors in a combination regimen for solid tumors. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:2525-2536. [PMID: 32782571 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of novel drugs targeting the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling pathway have been developed, including mostly tyrosine kinase inhibitors, selective inhibitors or monoclonal antibodies. Multiple preclinical and clinical studies have been conducted worldwide to ascertain their effects on diverse solid tumors. Drugs, such as lenvatinib, dovitinib and other non-specific FGFR inhibitors, widely used in clinical practice, have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for cancer therapy, although the majority of drugs remain in preclinical tests or clinical research. The resistance to a single agent for FGFR inhibition with synthetic lethal action may be overcome by a combination of therapeutic approaches and FGFR inhibitors, which could also enhance the sensitivity to other therapeutics. Therefore, the aim of the present review is to describe the pharmacological characteristics of FGFR inhibitors that may be combined with other therapeutic agents and the preclinical data supporting their combination. Additionally, their clinical implications and the remaining challenges for FGFR inhibitor combination regimens are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Luo
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | | | - Chaimaa Lahmamssi
- Institut de Cancérologie Lucien Neuwirth, 42270 Saint Priest en Jarez, France
| | - Ge Wang
- Cancer Center, Institute of Surgical Research, Third Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Meiling Lan
- Cancer Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (Jie Er Hospital), Chongqing 401120, P.R. China
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Cymbaluk-Płoska A, Gargulińska P, Chudecka-Głaz A, Kwiatkowski S, Pius-Sadowska E, Machaliński B. The Suitability of FGF21 and FGF23 as New Biomarkers in Endometrial Cancer Patients. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10060414. [PMID: 32570721 PMCID: PMC7344631 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10060414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is one of the most common cancers of the reproductive organ in women. The incidence of it increases from year to year. In our study we assessed role of FGF21 and FGF23 in the diagnostics of patients with endometrial cancer. The study involved 182 patients, who were undergoing abrasion due to perimenopausal bleeding. FGF21, FGF23, and leptin concentration were quantified in serum by multiplex fluorescent bead-based immunoassays (Luminex Corporation). The median of FGF21 protein (181.8 pg/mL) as well as leptin (16.9 ng/mL) in patients with endometrial cancer was statistically significant higher compared to median of those proteins among patients from control group (152.1 pg/mL and 14.1 ng/mL, respectively). However, no significant differences were found in these groups at median FGF23 concentrations. For FGF21 and leptin, the AUC values were 0.81/0.79, while FGF23, the AUC values was 0.66 for all study patients. Leptin and FGF21 concentrations were statistically significantly higher in patients with poorly differentiated G3 tumors compared to patients with moderately differentiated G2 tumors and with moderately differentiated G2 with highly differentiated G1 respectively: p = 0.02/p = 0.03 and p = 0.02/p = 0.005. FGF21 appears to be useful as a diagnostic as well as prognostic factor in patients with endometrioid endometrial carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Cymbaluk-Płoska
- Department of Gynecological Surgery and Gynecological Oncology of Adults and Adolescents, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (P.G.); (A.C.-G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Paula Gargulińska
- Department of Gynecological Surgery and Gynecological Oncology of Adults and Adolescents, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (P.G.); (A.C.-G.)
| | - Anita Chudecka-Głaz
- Department of Gynecological Surgery and Gynecological Oncology of Adults and Adolescents, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (P.G.); (A.C.-G.)
| | - Sebastian Kwiatkowski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Ewa Pius-Sadowska
- General Pathology Department, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (E.P.-S.); (B.M.)
| | - Bogusław Machaliński
- General Pathology Department, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (E.P.-S.); (B.M.)
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15
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Singh AP, Umbarkar P, Tousif S, Lal H. Cardiotoxicity of the BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors: Emphasis on ponatinib. Int J Cardiol 2020; 316:214-221. [PMID: 32470534 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.05.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeted therapy revolutionized the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients. However, cardiotoxicity associated with these targeted therapies puts the cancer survivors at higher risk. Ponatinib is a third-generation TKI for the treatment of CML patients having gatekeeper mutation T315I, which is resistant to the first and second generation of TKIs, namely, imatinib, nilotinib, dasatinib, and bosutinib. Multiple unbiased screening from our lab and others have identified ponatinib as most cardiotoxic FDA approved TKI among the entire FDA approved TKI family (total 50+). Indeed, ponatinib is the only treatment option for CML patients with T315I mutation. This review focusses on the cardiovascular risks and mechanism/s associated with CML TKIs with a particular focus on ponatinib cardiotoxicity. We have summarized our recent findings with transgenic zebrafish line harboring BNP luciferase activity to demonstrate the cardiotoxic potential of ponatinib. Additionally, we will review the recent discoveries reported by our and other laboratories that ponatinib primarily exerts its cardiotoxicity via an off-target effect on cardiomyocyte prosurvival signaling pathways, AKT and ERK. Finally, we will shed light on future directions for minimizing the adverse sequelae associated with CML-TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Prakash Singh
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, UAB
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-1913, USA.
| | - Prachi Umbarkar
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, UAB
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-1913, USA
| | - Sultan Tousif
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, UAB
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-1913, USA
| | - Hind Lal
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, UAB
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-1913, USA.
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16
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Identification of low-dose multidrug combinations for sunitinib-naive and pre-treated renal cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2020; 123:556-567. [PMID: 32439932 PMCID: PMC7435198 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-0890-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Combinations of drugs can improve the efficacy of cancer treatment, enable the reduction of side effects and the occurrence of acquired drug resistance. Methods We approached this challenge mathematically by using the validated technology called the Therapeutically Guided Multidrug Optimization (TGMO) method. In a set of genetically distinct human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell lines, either treated chronically with sunitinib (−ST) or sunitinib-naive, we identified cell line-specific low-dose-optimised drug combinations (ODC). Results Six cell-type-specific low-dose drug combinations for three sunitinib-naive as well as three sunitinib pre-treated cells were established. These ODCs effectively inhibited the RCC cell metabolic activity while being ineffective in non-cancerous cells. Based on a single screening test and three searches, starting with ten drugs, we identified highly efficacious drug mixtures containing four drugs. All ODCs contained AZD4547 (FGFR signalling pathway inhibitor) and pictilisib (pan-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor), but varied in the third and fourth drug. ODC treatment significantly decreased cell metabolic activity (up to 70%) and induced apoptosis, independent of the pretreatment with sunitinib. The ODCs outperformed sunitinib, the standard care for RCC. Moreover, short-term starvation potentiated the ODC activity. The translation of the 2D-based results to 3D heterotypic co-culture models revealed significant inhibition of the spheroid growth (up to 95%). Conclusion We demonstrate a promising low-dose drug combination development to obtain drug combinations effective in naive as well as resistant tumours. Nevertheless, we emphasise the need for further mechanistic investigation and preclinical development.
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17
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Zhou Y, Wu C, Lu G, Hu Z, Chen Q, Du X. FGF/FGFR signaling pathway involved resistance in various cancer types. J Cancer 2020; 11:2000-2007. [PMID: 32127928 PMCID: PMC7052940 DOI: 10.7150/jca.40531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance becomes major clinical issue in cancer treatment, which strongly limits patients to benefit from oncotherapy. Growing evidences have been indicative of the critical role of fibroblast growth factor (FGF)/receptor (FGFR) signaling played in resistance to oncotherapy. In this review we discussed the underlying mechanisms of FGF/FGFR signaling mediated resistance to chemotherapy, radiotherapy and target therapy in various cancers. Meanwhile, we summarized the reported mechanism of FGF/FGFR inhibitors resistance in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Chengyu Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Guangrong Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China)
| | - Zijing Hu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Qiuxiang Chen
- Department of Ultrasonic Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xiaojing Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
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18
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The Communication Between the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway and Y-box Binding Protein-1 in Gynecological Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010205. [PMID: 31947591 PMCID: PMC7017275 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of the mechanistic (mammalian) target of rapamycin inhibitors (mTOR) represent a step towards the targeted treatment of gynecological cancers. It has been shown that women with increased levels of mTOR signaling pathway targets have worse prognosis compared to women with normal mTOR levels. Yet, targeting mTOR alone has led to unsatisfactory outcomes in gynecological cancer. The aim of our review was therefore to provide an overview of the most recent clinical results and basic findings on the interplay of mTOR signaling and cold shock proteins in gynecological malignancies. Due to their oncogenic activity, there are promising data showing that mTOR and Y-box-protein 1 (YB-1) dual targeting improves the inhibition of carcinogenic activity. Although several components differentially expressed in patients with ovarian, endometrial, and cervical cancer of the mTOR were identified, there are only a few investigated downstream actors in gynecological cancer connecting them with YB-1. Our analysis shows that YB-1 is an important player impacting AKT as well as the downstream actors interacting with mTOR such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Snail or E-cadherin.
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19
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Synergistic and Pharmacotherapeutic Effects of Gemcitabine and Cisplatin Combined Administration on Biliary Tract Cancer Cell Lines. Cells 2019; 8:cells8091026. [PMID: 31484399 PMCID: PMC6770112 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gemcitabine (GEM) and cisplatin (CDDP) combination therapy (GC) is the standard chemotherapy for advanced biliary tract cancer (BTC); however, its pharmacotherapeutic efficacy remains unclear. To investigate the effects of GC, we selected 11 from 17 BTC cell lines, according to their GEM sensitivity, to be assessed using the MTS assay. The presence of synergistic effects of GC was determined using the Bliss additivism model (BM) and the combination index (CI) at a GEM:CDDP molar ratio of 7:1; this ratio was based on the respective human renal clearances of the two drugs. The pharmacotherapeutic effects were evaluated by comparing the IC50 values for administrations of GEM alone and GC in combination. All cell lines showed synergistic effects when analyzed using the BM. Based on the CI values, strong synergism, synergism, and additive effects were seen in four, five, and two cell lines, respectively. For all four GEM-resistant cell lines, on which GC had strong synergistic effects, the pharmacotherapeutic effects of GC were disappointing, with all IC50 values > 1 µM. For the GEM-effective cell lines, on which GC had synergistic or additive effects, the IC50 values were all <1 µM, and the differences were small between the IC50s for administration of GEM alone and GC in combination. Our results suggest that GC has synergistic effects on BTC cell lines but that its pharmacotherapeutic effects are inadequate.
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20
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Packer LM, Stehbens SJ, Bonazzi VF, Gunter JH, Ju RJ, Ward M, Gartside MG, Byron SA, Pollock PM. Bcl-2 inhibitors enhance FGFR inhibitor-induced mitochondrial-dependent cell death in FGFR2-mutant endometrial cancer. Mol Oncol 2019; 13:738-756. [PMID: 30537101 PMCID: PMC6441928 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the most commonly diagnosed gynaecological malignancy. Unfortunately, 15–20% of women demonstrate persistent or recurrent tumours that are refractory to current chemotherapies. We previously identified activating mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) in 12% (stage I/II) to 17% (stage III/IV) endometrioid ECs and found that these mutations are associated with shorter progression‐free and cancer‐specific survival. Although FGFR inhibitors are undergoing clinical trials for treatment of several cancer types, little is known about the mechanism by which they induce cell death. We show that treatment with BGJ398, AZD4547 and PD173074 causes mitochondrial depolarization, cytochrome c release and impaired mitochondrial respiration in two FGFR2‐mutant EC cell lines (AN3CA and JHUEM2). Despite this mitochondrial dysfunction, we were unable to detect caspase activation following FGFR inhibition; in addition, the pan‐caspase inhibitor Z‐VAD‐FMK was unable to prevent cell death, suggesting that the cell death is caspase‐independent. Furthermore, while FGFR inhibition led to an increase in LC3 puncta, treatment with bafilomycin did not further increase lipidated LC3, suggesting that FGFR inhibition led to a block in autophagosome degradation. We confirmed that cell death is mitochondrial‐dependent as it can be blocked by overexpression of Bcl‐2 and/or Bcl‐XL. Importantly, we show that combining FGFR inhibitors with the BH3 mimetics ABT737/ABT263 markedly increased cell death in vitro and is more effective than BGJ398 alone in vivo, where it leads to marked tumour regression. This work may have implications for the design of clinical trials to treat a wide range of patients with FGFR‐dependent malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leisl M Packer
- School of Biomedical Science, Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology located within the Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Samantha J Stehbens
- School of Biomedical Science, Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology located within the Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Vanessa F Bonazzi
- School of Biomedical Science, Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology located within the Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jennifer H Gunter
- School of Biomedical Science, Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology located within the Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Robert J Ju
- School of Biomedical Science, Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology located within the Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Micheal Ward
- Mater-UQ located within the Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michael G Gartside
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Sara A Byron
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Pamela M Pollock
- School of Biomedical Science, Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology located within the Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
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21
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Recent Studies on Ponatinib in Cancers Other Than Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10110430. [PMID: 30423915 PMCID: PMC6267038 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10110430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ponatinib is a third line drug for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia patients, especially those that develop the gatekeeper mutation T315I, which is resistant to the first and the second line drugs imatinib, nilotinib, dasatinib and bosutinib. The compound was first identified as a pan Bcr-Abl and Src kinase inhibitor. Further studies have indicated that it is a multitargeted inhibitor that is active on FGFRs, RET, AKT, ERK1/2, KIT, MEKK2 and other kinases. For this reason, the compound has been evaluated on several cancers in which these kinases play important roles, including thyroid, breast, ovary and lung cancer, neuroblastoma, rhabdoid tumours and in myeloproliferative disorders. Ponatinib is also being tested in clinical trials to evaluate its activity in FLT3-ITD acute myelogenous leukemia, head and neck cancers, certain type of lung cancer, gastrointestinal stromal tumours and other malignancies. In this review we report the most recent preclinical and clinical studies on ponatinib in cancers other than CML, with the aim of giving a complete overview of this interesting compound.
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22
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Yu Y, Hall T, Eathiraj S, Wick MJ, Schwartz B, Abbadessa G. In-vitro and in-vivo combined effect of ARQ 092, an AKT inhibitor, with ARQ 087, a FGFR inhibitor. Anticancer Drugs 2017; 28:503-513. [PMID: 28240679 PMCID: PMC5404396 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The PI3K/AKT pathway plays an important role in the initiation and progression of cancer, and the drug development efforts targeting this pathway with therapeutic interventions have been advanced by academic and industrial groups. However, the clinical outcome is moderate. Combination of inhibition of PI3K/AKT and other targeted agents became a feasible approach. In this study we assessed the combined effect of ARQ 092, a pan-AKT inhibitor, and ARQ 087, a pan-FGFR inhibitor, in vitro and in vivo. In a panel of 45 cancer cell lines, on 24% (11 out of 45) the compounds showed synergistic effect, on 62% (28 out of 45) additive, and on 13% (6 out of 45) antagonistic. The highest percentage of synergism was found on endometrial and ovarian cancer cell lines. Mutational analysis revealed that PIK3CA/PIK3R1 mutations and aberrant activation of FGFR2 predicted synergism, whereas Ras mutations showed a reverse correlation. Pathway analysis revealed that a combination of ARQ 092 and ARQ 087 enhanced the inhibition of both the AKT and FGFR pathways in cell lines in which synergistic effects were found (AN3CA and IGROV-1). Cell cycle arrest and apoptotic response occurred only in AN3CA cell, and was not seen in IGROV-1 cells. Furthermore, enhanced antitumor activity was observed in mouse models with endometrial cancer cell line and patient-derived tumors when ARQ 092 and ARQ 087 were combined. These results from in-vitro and in-vivo studies provide a strong rationale in treating endometrial and other cancers with the activated PI3K/AKT and FGFR pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yu
- aArQule, Inc., Burlington, Massachusetts bSouth Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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23
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Kim SY, Ahn T, Bang H, Ham JS, Kim J, Kim ST, Jang J, Shim M, Kang SY, Park SH, Min BH, Lee H, Kang WK, Kim KM, Park W, Lee J. Acquired resistance to LY2874455 in FGFR2-amplified gastric cancer through an emergence of novel FGFR2-ACSL5 fusion. Oncotarget 2017; 8:15014-15022. [PMID: 28122360 PMCID: PMC5362463 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGFR2) amplification, occurring in ~2–9% of gastric cancers (GC), is associated with poor overall survival. Results RNA sequencing identified a novel FGFR2-ACSL5 fusion in the resistant tumor that was absent from the matched pre-treatment tumor. The FGFR2-amplified PDC line was sensitive to FGFR inhibitors whereas the PDC line with concomitant FGFR2 amplification and FGFR2-ACSL5 fusion exhibited resistance. Additionally, the FGFR2-amplified GC PDC line, which was initially sensitive to FGFR2 inhibitors, subsequently also developed resistance. Materials and Methods We identified an FGFR2-amplified patient with GC, who demonstrated a dramatic and long-term response to LY2874455, a pan-FGFR inhibitor, but eventually developed an acquired LY2874455 resistance. Following resistance development, an endoscopic biopsy was performed for transcriptome sequencing and patient-derived tumor cell line (PDC) establishment to elucidate the underlying molecular alterations. Conclusions FGFR inhibitors may function against FGFR2-amplified GC, and a novel FGFR2-ACSL5 fusion identified by transcriptomic characterization may underlie clinically acquired resistance. Implications for Practice Poor treatment response represents a substantial concern in patients with gastric cancer carrying multiple FGFR2 gene copies. Here, we show the utility of a general FGFR inhibitor for initial response prior to treatment resistance and report the first characterization of a potential resistance mechanism involving an FGFR2-ACSL5 fusion protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Heejin Bang
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Soo Ham
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jusun Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Tae Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jiryeon Jang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moonhee Shim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Young Kang
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se Hoon Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Hoon Min
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyuk Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Ki Kang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Mee Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woongyang Park
- Samsung Genome Institute, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeeyun Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Eritja N, Yeramian A, Chen BJ, Llobet-Navas D, Ortega E, Colas E, Abal M, Dolcet X, Reventos J, Matias-Guiu X. Endometrial Carcinoma: Specific Targeted Pathways. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 943:149-207. [PMID: 27910068 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-43139-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecologic malignancy in the western world with more than 280,000 cases per year worldwide. Prognosis for EC at early stages, when primary surgical resection is the most common initial treatment, is excellent. Five-year survival rate is around 70 %.Several molecular alterations have been described in the different types of EC. They occur in genes involved in important signaling pathways. In this chapter, we will review the most relevant altered pathways in EC, including PI3K/AKT/mTOR, RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK, Tyrosine kinase, WNT/β-Catenin, cell cycle, and TGF-β signaling pathways. At the end of the chapter, the most significant clinical trials will be briefly discussed.This information is important to identify specific targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Eritja
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, Av Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
- GEICEN Research Group, Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, Av Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Andree Yeramian
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, Av Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
- GEICEN Research Group, Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, Av Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Bo-Juen Chen
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, 10013, USA
| | - David Llobet-Navas
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Eugenia Ortega
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, Av Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Eva Colas
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, Av Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
- GEICEN Research Group, Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, Av Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
- Research Unit in Biomedicine and Translational and Pediatric Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Abal
- GEICEN Research Group, Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, Av Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
- Translational Medical Oncology, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Xavier Dolcet
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, Av Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
- GEICEN Research Group, Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, Av Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Jaume Reventos
- GEICEN Research Group, Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, Av Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
- Research Unit in Biomedicine and Translational and Pediatric Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Matias-Guiu
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, Av Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain.
- GEICEN Research Group, Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, Av Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain.
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25
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Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors (FGFRs) regulate numerous cellular processes. Deregulation of FGFR signalling is observed in a subset of many cancers, making activated FGFRs a highly promising potential therapeutic target supported by multiple preclinical studies. However, early-phase clinical trials have produced mixed results with FGFR-targeted cancer therapies, revealing substantial complexity to targeting aberrant FGFR signalling. In this Review, we discuss the increasing understanding of the differences between diverse mechanisms of oncogenic activation of FGFR, and the factors that determine response and resistance to FGFR targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina S Babina
- Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Nicholas C Turner
- Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
- Breast Unit, The Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JJ, UK
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26
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Chen L, Yang J, Xing Z, Yuan F, Shu Y, Zhang Y, Kong X, Huang T, Li H, Cai YD. An integrated method for the identification of novel genes related to oral cancer. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175185. [PMID: 28384236 PMCID: PMC5383255 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a significant public health problem worldwide. Complete identification of genes related to one type of cancer facilitates earlier diagnosis and effective treatments. In this study, two widely used algorithms, the random walk with restart algorithm and the shortest path algorithm, were adopted to construct two parameterized computational methods, namely, an RWR-based method and an SP-based method; based on these methods, an integrated method was constructed for identifying novel disease genes. To validate the utility of the integrated method, data for oral cancer were used, on which the RWR-based and SP-based methods were trained, thereby building two optimal methods. The integrated method combining these optimal methods was further adopted to identify the novel genes of oral cancer. As a result, 85 novel genes were inferred, among which eleven genes (e.g., MYD88, FGFR2, NF-κBIA) were identified by both the RWR-based and SP-based methods, 70 genes (e.g., BMP4, IFNG, KITLG) were discovered only by the RWR-based method and four genes (L1R1, MCM6, NOG and CXCR3) were predicted only by the SP-based method. Extensive analyses indicate that several novel genes have strong associations with cancers, indicating the effectiveness of the integrated method for identifying disease genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhihao Xing
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Yuan
- Department of Science & Technology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Shu
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - YunHua Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - XiangYin Kong
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Huang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (TH); (HPL); (YDC)
| | - HaiPeng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (TH); (HPL); (YDC)
| | - Yu-Dong Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (TH); (HPL); (YDC)
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27
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Packer LM, Geng X, Bonazzi VF, Ju RJ, Mahon CE, Cummings MC, Stephenson SA, Pollock PM. PI3K Inhibitors Synergize with FGFR Inhibitors to Enhance Antitumor Responses in FGFR2 mutant Endometrial Cancers. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:637-648. [PMID: 28119489 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Improved therapeutic approaches are needed for the treatment of recurrent and metastatic endometrial cancer. Endometrial cancers display hyperactivation of the MAPK and PI3K pathways, the result of somatic aberrations in genes such as FGFR2, KRAS, PTEN, PIK3CA, and PIK3R1 The FGFR2 and PI3K pathways, have emerged as potential therapeutic targets in endometrial cancer. Activation of the PI3K pathway is seen in more than 90% of FGFR2mutant endometrial cancers. This study aimed to examine the efficacy of the pan-FGFR inhibitor BGJ398 with pan-PI3K inhibitors (GDC-0941, BKM120) and the p110α-selective inhibitor BYL719. We assessed synergy in three FGFR2mutant endometrial cancer cell lines (AN3CA, JHUEM2, and MFE296), and the combination of BGJ398 and GDC-0941 or BYL719 showed strong synergy. A significant increase in cell death and decrease in long-term survival was seen when PI3K inhibitors were combined with BGJ398. Importantly, these effects were seen at low concentrations correlating to only partial inhibition of AKT. The combination of BGJ398 and GDC-0941 showed tumor regressions in vivo, whereas each drug alone only showed moderate tumor growth inhibition. BYL719 alone resulted in increased tumor growth of AN3CA xenografts but in combination with BGJ398 resulted in tumor regression in both AN3CA- and JHUEM2-derived xenografts. These data provide evidence that subtherapeutic doses of PI3K inhibitors enhance the efficacy of anti-FGFR therapies, and a combination therapy may represent a superior therapeutic treatment in patients with FGFR2mutant endometrial cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(4); 637-48. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leisl M Packer
- Endometrial Cancer Laboratory, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Translational Research Institute, Queensland, Australia
| | - Xinyan Geng
- Endometrial Cancer Laboratory, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Translational Research Institute, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vanessa F Bonazzi
- Endometrial Cancer Laboratory, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Translational Research Institute, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert J Ju
- Endometrial Cancer Laboratory, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Translational Research Institute, Queensland, Australia
| | - Clare E Mahon
- Endometrial Cancer Laboratory, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Translational Research Institute, Queensland, Australia
| | - Margaret C Cummings
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sally-Anne Stephenson
- Eph Receptor Biology Group, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Translational Research Institute, Queensland, Australia
| | - Pamela M Pollock
- Endometrial Cancer Laboratory, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Translational Research Institute, Queensland, Australia.
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28
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Winterhoff B, Konecny GE. Targeting fibroblast growth factor pathways in endometrial cancer. Curr Probl Cancer 2017; 41:37-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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29
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Kim DH, Kwak Y, Kim ND, Sim T. Antitumor effects and molecular mechanisms of ponatinib on endometrial cancer cells harboring activating FGFR2 mutations. Cancer Biol Ther 2016; 17:65-78. [PMID: 26574622 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2015.1108492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant mutational activation of FGFR2 is associated with endometrial cancers (ECs). AP24534 (ponatinib) currently undergoing clinical trials has been known to be an orally available multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Our biochemical kinase assay showed that AP24534 is potent against wild-type FGFR1-4 and 5 mutant FGFRs (V561M-FGFR1, N549H-FGFR2, K650E-FGFR3, G697C-FGFR3, N535K-FGFR4) and possesses the strongest kinase-inhibitory activity on N549H-FGFR2 (IC50 of 0.5 nM) among all FGFRs tested. We therefore investigated the effects of AP24534 on endometrial cancer cells harboring activating FGFR2 mutations and explored the underlying molecular mechanisms. AP24534 significantly inhibited the proliferation of endometrial cancer cells bearing activating FGFR2 mutations (N549K, K310R/N549K, S252W) and mainly induced G1/S cell cycle arrest leading to apoptosis. AP24534 also diminished the kinase activity of immunoprecipitated FGFR2 derived from MFE-296 and MFE-280 cells and reduced the phosphorylation of FGFR2 and FRS2 on MFE-296 and AN3CA cells. AP24534 caused substantial reductions in ERK phosphorylation, PLCγ signaling and STAT5 signal transduction on ECs bearing FGFR2 activating mutations. Akt signaling pathway was also deactivated by AP24534. AP24534 causes the chemotherapeutic effect through mainly the blockade of ERK, PLCγ and STAT5 signal transduction on ECs. Moreover, AP24534 inhibited migration and invasion of endometrial cancer cells with FGFR2 mutations. In addition, AP24534 significantly blocked anchorage-independent growth of endometrial cancer cells. We, for the first time, report the molecular mechanisms by which AP24534 exerts antitumor effects on ECs with FGFR2 activating mutations, which would provide mechanistic insight into ongoing clinical investigations of AP24534 for ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Hee Kim
- a Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , 39-1, Hawolgok-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul , 136-791 , Korea
| | - Yeonui Kwak
- b KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University , 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul , 136-713 , Korea
| | - Nam Doo Kim
- c Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation , 2387 dalgubeol-daero, Suseong-gu, Daegu , 706-010 , Korea
| | - Taebo Sim
- a Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , 39-1, Hawolgok-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul , 136-791 , Korea.,b KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University , 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul , 136-713 , Korea
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30
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Whittle SB, Patel K, Zhang L, Woodfield SE, Du M, Smith V, Zage PE. The novel kinase inhibitor ponatinib is an effective anti-angiogenic agent against neuroblastoma. Invest New Drugs 2016; 34:685-692. [PMID: 27586230 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-016-0387-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background High-risk neuroblastoma has poor outcomes with high rates of relapse despite aggressive treatment, and novel therapies are needed to improve these outcomes. Ponatinib is a multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets many pathways implicated in neuroblastoma pathogenesis. We hypothesized that ponatinib would be effective against neuroblastoma in preclinical models. Methods We evaluated the effects of ponatinib on survival and migration of human neuroblastoma cells in vitro. Using orthotopic xenograft mouse models of human neuroblastoma, we analyzed tumors treated with ponatinib for growth, gross and histologic appearance, and vascularity. Results Ponatinib treatment of neuroblastoma cells resulted in decreased cell viability and migration in vitro. In mice with orthotopic xenograft neuroblastoma tumors, treatment with ponatinib resulted in decreased growth and vascularity. Conclusions Ponatinib reduces neuroblastoma cell viability in vitro and reduces tumor growth and vascularity in vivo. The antitumor effects of ponatinib suggest its potential as a novel therapeutic agent for neuroblastoma, and further preclinical testing is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah B Whittle
- Section of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kalyani Patel
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Linna Zhang
- Section of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sarah E Woodfield
- Section of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Division of Pediatric Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael Du
- Section of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Valeria Smith
- Section of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Peter E Zage
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, Room 5311, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, MC 0815, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0815, USA. .,Peckham Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA.
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31
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Delpuech O, Rooney C, Mooney L, Baker D, Shaw R, Dymond M, Wang D, Zhang P, Cross S, Veldman-Jones M, Wilson J, Davies BR, Dry JR, Kilgour E, Smith PD. Identification of Pharmacodynamic Transcript Biomarkers in Response to FGFR Inhibition by AZD4547. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:2802-2813. [PMID: 27550940 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The challenge of developing effective pharmacodynamic biomarkers for preclinical and clinical testing of FGFR signaling inhibition is significant. Assays that rely on the measurement of phospho-protein epitopes can be limited by the availability of effective antibody detection reagents. Transcript profiling enables accurate quantification of many biomarkers and provides a broader representation of pathway modulation. To identify dynamic transcript biomarkers of FGFR signaling inhibition by AZD4547, a potent inhibitor of FGF receptors 1, 2, and 3, a gene expression profiling study was performed in FGFR2-amplified, drug-sensitive tumor cell lines. Consistent with known signaling pathways activated by FGFR, we identified transcript biomarkers downstream of the RAS-MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways. Using different tumor cell lines in vitro and xenografts in vivo, we confirmed that some of these transcript biomarkers (DUSP6, ETV5, YPEL2) were modulated downstream of oncogenic FGFR1, 2, 3, whereas others showed selective modulation only by FGFR2 signaling (EGR1). These transcripts showed consistent time-dependent modulation, corresponding to the plasma exposure of AZD4547 and inhibition of phosphorylation of the downstream signaling molecules FRS2 or ERK. Combination of FGFR and AKT inhibition in an FGFR2-mutated endometrial cancer xenograft model enhanced modulation of transcript biomarkers from the PI3K/AKT pathway and tumor growth inhibition. These biomarkers were detected on the clinically validated nanoString platform. Taken together, these data identified novel dynamic transcript biomarkers of FGFR inhibition that were validated in a number of in vivo models, and which are more robustly modulated by FGFR inhibition than some conventional downstream signaling protein biomarkers. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(11); 2802-13. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oona Delpuech
- AstraZeneca Pharmaceutical, Oncology iMed, CRUK-CI, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Claire Rooney
- AstraZeneca Pharmaceutical, Darwing Building, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lorraine Mooney
- AstraZeneca Pharmaceutical, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, United Kingdom
| | - Dawn Baker
- AstraZeneca Pharmaceutical, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Shaw
- AstraZeneca Pharmaceutical, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Dymond
- AstraZeneca Pharmaceutical, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, United Kingdom
| | - Dennis Wang
- AstraZeneca Pharmaceutical, Oncology iMed, CRUK-CI, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Pei Zhang
- AstraZeneca Pharmaceutical, Oncology iMed, CRUK-CI, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Cross
- AstraZeneca Pharmaceutical, Riverside, Granta Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Joanne Wilson
- AstraZeneca Pharmaceutical, Oncology iMed, CRUK-CI, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Barry R Davies
- AstraZeneca Pharmaceutical, Oncology iMed, CRUK-CI, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan R Dry
- AstraZeneca Pharmaceutical, Gatehouse, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - Elaine Kilgour
- AstraZeneca Pharmaceutical, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, United Kingdom
| | - Paul D Smith
- AstraZeneca Pharmaceutical, Oncology iMed, CRUK-CI, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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32
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Khandelwal AR, Rong X, Moore-Medlin T, Ekshyyan O, Abreo F, Gu X, Nathan CAO. Photopreventive Effect and Mechanism of AZD4547 and Curcumin C3 Complex on UVB-Induced Epidermal Hyperplasia. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2016; 9:296-304. [PMID: 26862088 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-15-0366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aggressive cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) of the skin is the second most common type of skin cancer in the United States due to high exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation. In our previous studies, Curcumin C3 complex (C3), a standardized preparation of three curcumonoids, delayed UVB-induced tumor incidence and inhibited multiplicity. Exposure to UVB activates mTOR and FGFR signaling that play a key role in skin tumorigenesis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of C3 complex to afford protection against acute UVB-induced hyperproliferation by targeting the mTOR and FGFR signaling pathways. Pretreatment with C3 complex significantly inhibited UVB-induced FGF-2 induction, FGF-2-induced cell proliferation, progression and colony formation, mTORC1 and mTORC2 activation, and FGFR2 phosphorylation in the promotion-sensitive JB6 cells epithelial cells. Further, FGFR was critical for UVB-induced mTOR activation, suggesting an important role of FGFR2 in UVB-induced mTOR signaling. SKH-1 mice pretreated with C3 (15 mg/kg/b.w.) for 2 weeks followed by a single exposure to UVB (180 mj/cm(2)) significantly attenuated UVB-induced mTORC1, mTORC2, and FGFR2 activation. To further assess the role of FGFR in UVB-induced hyperproliferation, SKH-1 mice were pretreated with AZD4547 (5 mg/kg/b.w.); a selective pan-FGFR kinase inhibitor followed by single exposure to UVB (180 mj/cm(2)). AZD4547 significantly inhibited UVB-induced mTORC1 and mTORC2 activation, epidermal hyperplasia and hyperproliferation. Our studies underscore the importance of FGFR signaling in UVB-induced acute skin changes and the role of FGFR/mTOR signaling in mediating the effects of C3 complex in the pathogenesis of skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok R Khandelwal
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, LSU-Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Xiaohua Rong
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, LSU-Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Tara Moore-Medlin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, LSU-Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Oleksandr Ekshyyan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, LSU-Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Fleurette Abreo
- Department of Pathology, LSU-Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Xin Gu
- Department of Pathology, LSU-Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Cherie-Ann O Nathan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, LSU-Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana. Department of Surgery, Overton Brooks Veterans Medical Center, Shreveport, Louisiana.
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33
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Daley-Brown D, Oprea-Ilies GM, Lee R, Pattillo R, Gonzalez-Perez RR. Molecular cues on obesity signals, tumor markers and endometrial cancer. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2015; 21:89-106. [PMID: 25781554 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2014-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor markers are important tools for early diagnosis, prognosis, therapy response and endometrial cancer monitoring. A large number of molecular and pathologic markers have been described in types I and II endometrial cancers, which has served to define the main oncogenic, epidemiological, genetic, clinical and histopathological features. Ongoing attempts to stratify biological markers of endometrial cancer are presented. However, data on changes in tumor marker profiles in obesity-related endometrial cancer are scarce. Obesity is a pandemic in Western countries that has an important impact on endometrial cancers, albeit through not very well-defined mechanisms. Although endometrial cancer is more common in Caucasian women, higher mortality is found in African Americans who also show higher incidence of obesity. Here, we describe how obesity signals (estrogen, leptin, leptin induced-molecules, Notch; cytokines and growth factors) could affect endometrial cancer. Leptin signaling and its crosstalk may be associated to the more aggressive and poor prognosis type II endometrial cancer, which affects more postmenopausal and African-American women. In this regard, studies on expression of novel molecular markers (Notch, interleukin-1 and leptin crosstalk outcome) may provide essential clues for detection, prevention, treatment and prognosis.
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34
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Singleton KR, Hinz TK, Kleczko EK, Marek LA, Kwak J, Harp T, Kim J, Tan AC, Heasley LE. Kinome RNAi Screens Reveal Synergistic Targeting of MTOR and FGFR1 Pathways for Treatment of Lung Cancer and HNSCC. Cancer Res 2015; 75:4398-406. [PMID: 26359452 PMCID: PMC4609283 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-0509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The FGFR1 is a therapeutic target under investigation in multiple solid tumors and clinical trials of selective tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) are underway. Treatment with a single TKI represents a logical step toward personalized cancer therapy, but intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms limit their long-term benefit. In this study, we deployed RNAi-based functional genomic screens to identify protein kinases controlling the intrinsic sensitivity of FGFR1-dependent lung cancer and head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) cells to ponatinib, a multikinase FGFR-active inhibitor. We identified and validated a synthetic lethal interaction between MTOR and ponatinib in non-small cell lung carcinoma cells. In addition, treatment with MTOR-targeting shRNAs and pharmacologic inhibitors revealed that MTOR is an essential protein kinase in other FGFR1-expressing cancer cells. The combination of FGFR inhibitors and MTOR or AKT inhibitors resulted in synergistic growth suppression in vitro. Notably, tumor xenografts generated from FGFR1-dependent lung cancer cells exhibited only modest sensitivity to monotherapy with the FGFR-specific TKI, AZD4547, but when combined with the MTOR inhibitor, AZD2014, significantly attenuated tumor growth and prolonged survival. Our findings support the existence of a signaling network wherein FGFR1-driven ERK and activated MTOR/AKT represent distinct arms required to induce full transformation. Furthermore, they suggest that clinical efficacy of treatments for FGFR1-driven lung cancers and HNSCC may be achieved by combining MTOR inhibitors and FGFR-specific TKIs.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Benzamides/pharmacology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Drug Synergism
- Gene Library
- Genes, Essential
- Genomics/methods
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Morpholines/pharmacology
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Protein Binding
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Pyrazoles/pharmacology
- Pyrimidines
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R Singleton
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Trista K Hinz
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Emily K Kleczko
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Lindsay A Marek
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jeff Kwak
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Taylor Harp
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jihye Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Aik Choon Tan
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Lynn E Heasley
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.
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35
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Hierro C, Rodon J, Tabernero J. Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) Receptor/FGF Inhibitors: Novel Targets and Strategies for Optimization of Response of Solid Tumors. Semin Oncol 2015; 42:801-19. [PMID: 26615127 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2015.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) pathway plays a major role in several biological processes, from organogenesis to metabolism homeostasis and angiogenesis. Several aberrations, including gene amplifications, point mutations, and chromosomal translocations have been described across solid tumors. Most of these molecular alterations promote multiple steps of carcinogenesis in FGFR oncogene-addicted cells, increasing cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and drug resistance. Data suggest that upregulation of FGFR signaling is a common event in many cancer types. The FGFR pathway thus arises as a potential promising target for cancer treatment. Several FGFR inhibitors are currently under development. Initial preclinical results have translated into limited successful clinical responses when first-generation, nonspecific FGFR inhibitors were evaluated in patients. The future development of selective and unselective FGFR inhibitors will rely on a better understanding of the tissue-specific role of FGFR signaling and identification of biomarkers to select those patients who will benefit the most from these drugs. Further studies are warranted to establish the predictive significance of the different FGFR-aberrations and to incorporate them into clinical algorithms, now that second-generation, selective FGFR inhibitors exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinta Hierro
- Molecular Therapeutics Research Unit, Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Rodon
- Molecular Therapeutics Research Unit, Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Tabernero
- Molecular Therapeutics Research Unit, Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain.
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Zutter MM, Bloom KJ, Cheng L, Hagemann IS, Kaufman JH, Krasinskas AM, Lazar AJ, Leonard DGB, Lindeman NI, Moyer AM, Nikiforova MN, Nowak JA, Pfeifer JD, Sepulveda AR, Willis JE, Yohe SL. The Cancer Genomics Resource List 2014. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2015; 139:989-1008. [PMID: 25436904 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2014-0330-cp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Genomic sequencing for cancer is offered by commercial for-profit laboratories, independent laboratory networks, and laboratories in academic medical centers and integrated health networks. The variability among the tests has created a complex, confusing environment. OBJECTIVE To address the complexity, the Personalized Health Care (PHC) Committee of the College of American Pathologists proposed the development of a cancer genomics resource list (CGRL). The goal of this resource was to assist the laboratory pathology and clinical oncology communities. DESIGN The PHC Committee established a working group in 2012 to address this goal. The group consisted of site-specific experts in cancer genetic sequencing. The group identified current next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based cancer tests and compiled them into a usable resource. The genes were annotated by the working group. The annotation process drew on published knowledge, including public databases and the medical literature. RESULTS The compiled list includes NGS panels offered by 19 laboratories or vendors, accompanied by annotations. The list has 611 different genes for which NGS-based mutation testing is offered. Surprisingly, of these 611 genes, 0 genes were listed in every panel, 43 genes were listed in 4 panels, and 54 genes were listed in 3 panels. In addition, tests for 393 genes were offered by only 1 or 2 institutions. Table 1 provides an example of gene mutations offered for breast cancer genomic testing with the annotation as it appears in the CGRL 2014. CONCLUSIONS The final product, referred to as the Cancer Genomics Resource List 2014, is available as supplemental digital content.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sophia L Yohe
- From the Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee (Dr Zutter); the Department of Pathology, Clarient Diagnostic Services, Aliso Viejo, California (Dr Bloom); the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (Dr Cheng); the Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri (Drs Hagemann and Pfeifer); Surveys, College of American Pathologists, Northfield, Illinois (Dr Kaufman); the Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (Dr Krasinskas); the Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (Dr Lazar); the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Fletcher Allen Health Care, Burlington, Vermont (Dr Leonard); the Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Lindeman); the Department of Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (Dr Moyer); Molecular and Genomic Pathology Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Dr Nikiforova); the Department of Pathology, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, Illinois (Dr Nowak); the Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York (Dr Sepulveda); the Department of Pathology, Case Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (Dr Willis); and the Department of Molecular Pathology and Hematopathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Dr Yohe)
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37
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Endometrial cancer: redefining the molecular-targeted approach. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2015; 76:1-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-015-2758-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Borad MJ, Gores GJ, Roberts LR. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 fusions as a target for treating cholangiocarcinoma. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2015; 31:264-8. [PMID: 25763789 PMCID: PMC4750878 DOI: 10.1097/mog.0000000000000171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review will cover the role of the fibroblast growth factor pathway in the pathogenesis, targeted therapy potential and prognostic value in patients with cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies that have identified fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) fusions, prognostic implications of FGFR2 fusions, treatment strategies that target FGFR2 in CCA and future directions for understanding and targeting the FGFR2 pathway in this disease, will be discussed. SUMMARY Understanding the role of the FGFR2 pathway as a disease pathogenetic mechanism and the ability to develop targeted therapies and diagnostics surrounding this concept are critical elements toward developing novel targeted approaches in CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitesh J. Borad
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA,Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Gregory J. Gores
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lewis R. Roberts
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Yang K, Fu LW. Mechanisms of resistance to BCR-ABL TKIs and the therapeutic strategies: A review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2014; 93:277-92. [PMID: 25500000 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BCR-ABL caused by the translocation of t(9,22) with elevated tyrosine-kinase activity could induce leukemia in mice, which established BCR-ABL as the molecular pathogenic event in CML (Chronic myeloid leukemia). In recent years, a variety of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting at BCR-ABL specifically and effectively have been developed, which has fundamentally promoted the treatment of CML. However, the efficacy of TKIs was limited by its resistance induced by the development of kinase domain mutations and other mechanisms illustrated. In this review, we summarized BCR-ABL inhibitors approved by Food and Drug Administration (FAD), with the same concerns focus on the resistant mechanisms of BCR-ABL inhibitors and therapeutic resistant strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Li-wu Fu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China.
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40
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Abstract
In 2012, ponatinib (Iclusig®), an orally available pan-BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) developed by ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc., was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for use in resistant or intolerant chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ALL). Ponatinib is the only approved TKI capable of inhibiting BCR-ABL with the gatekeeper T315I kinase domain mutation, known to be the cause for 20% of resistant or relapsed CML cases. In 2013, ponatinib sales were temporarily suspended due to serious side effects seen in nearly 12% of the patient population. These side effects are thought to stem from the potent nature and pan-activity of this TKI. ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc. has since been permitted to resume sales and marketing of ponatinib to a limited patient population with an expanded black box warning. In the following review, the use of ponatinib in CML and Ph+ALL will be discussed. Mechanisms of resistance in CML are discussed, which provide insight and background into the need for this third generation TKI, followed by the molecular design and pharmacology of ponatinib, which lead to its success as a therapeutic. Finally, the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of ponatinib will be highlighted, including summaries of the important clinical trials involving ponatinib as well as its current place in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey D Miller
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Benjamin J Bruno
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Carol S Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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41
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Dienstmann R, Rodon J, Prat A, Perez-Garcia J, Adamo B, Felip E, Cortes J, Iafrate AJ, Nuciforo P, Tabernero J. Genomic aberrations in the FGFR pathway: opportunities for targeted therapies in solid tumors. Ann Oncol 2014; 25:552-563. [PMID: 24265351 PMCID: PMC4433501 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdt419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) cascade plays crucial roles in tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, migration and survival. Accumulating evidence suggests that in some tumor types, FGFRs are bona fide oncogenes to which cancer cells are addicted. Because FGFR inhibition can reduce proliferation and induce cell death in a variety of in vitro and in vivo tumor models harboring FGFR aberrations, a growing number of research groups have selected FGFRs as targets for anticancer drug development. Multikinase FGFR/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) inhibitors have shown promising activity in breast cancer patients with FGFR1 and/or FGF3 amplification. Early clinical trials with selective FGFR inhibitors, which may overcome the toxicity constraints raised by multitarget kinase inhibition, are recruiting patients with known FGFR(1-4) status based on genomic screens. Preliminary signs of antitumor activity have been demonstrated in some tumor types, including squamous cell lung carcinomas. Rational combination of targeted therapies is expected to further increase the efficacy of selective FGFR inhibitors. Herein, we discuss unsolved questions in the clinical development of these agents and suggest guidelines for management of hyperphosphatemia, a class-specific mechanism-based toxicity. In addition, we propose standardized definitions for FGFR1 and FGFR2 gene amplification based on in situ hybridization methods. Extended access to next-generation sequencing platforms will facilitate the identification of diseases in which somatic FGFR(1-4) mutations, amplifications and fusions are potentially driving cancer cell viability, further strengthening the role of FGFR signaling in cancer biology and providing more possibilities for the therapeutic application of FGFR inhibitors.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 3/genetics
- Gene Amplification
- Humans
- Hyperphosphatemia/therapy
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 4/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 4/genetics
- Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
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Affiliation(s)
- R Dienstmann
- Molecular Pathology Lab, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, USA
| | | | - A Prat
- Medical Oncology Department; Translational Genomics Lab
| | | | | | | | | | - A J Iafrate
- Molecular Pathology Lab, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, USA
| | - P Nuciforo
- Molecular Oncology Lab, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
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42
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Lee PS, Secord AA. Targeting molecular pathways in endometrial cancer: a focus on the FGFR pathway. Cancer Treat Rev 2013; 40:507-12. [PMID: 24332498 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In the majority of cases, endometrial cancer is localized and highly curable through surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy. However, for patients with advanced or metastatic disease, prognosis is poor. Systemic treatments such as cytotoxic chemotherapy or hormonal therapy can cause significant toxicities including chemotherapy-related gastrointestinal, neurologic, and immunosuppressive toxicities and hormone-related hypertension, increased blood sugar, thrombosis, and pulmonary emboli. In addition, these therapies rarely lead to sustained disease control. Novel therapies with greater efficacy and reduced toxicity are needed. Recent progress in the identification of genetic abnormalities in cell signaling proteins has spurred the development of targeted agents for the treatment of patients with endometrial cancer. The fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) pathway is one of several signaling pathways that have been implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of endometrial cancer. The activity of novel FGFR-targeted agents in preclinical endometrial cancer models and clinical trials will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula S Lee
- Duke University Medical Center (DUMC) 3079, Durham, NC 27710, United States.
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43
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Hong L, Han Y, Liu J, Brain L. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2: a therapeutic target in gastric cancer. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 7:759-65. [PMID: 24134151 DOI: 10.1586/17474124.2013.837804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related death in the world. FGF receptor 2 (FGFR2) is preferentially amplified and overexpressed in the diffuse type of gastric cancer. This review evaluates the expression and function of FGFR2 in gastric cancer, and analyzes the use of its inhibitors for gastric cancer therapy. This review also discusses the limitations of FGFR2-based therapy, and envisages future developments toward the clinical applications of FGFR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
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44
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Fearon AE, Gould CR, Grose RP. FGFR signalling in women's cancers. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:2832-42. [PMID: 24148254 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
FGFs, in a complex with their receptors (FGFRs) and heparan sulfate (HS), are responsible for a range of cellular functions, from embryogenesis to metabolism. Both germ line and somatic FGFR mutations are known to play a role in a range of diseases, most notably craniosynestosis dysplasias, dwarfism and cancer. Because of the ability of FGFR signalling to induce cell proliferation, migration and survival, FGFRs are readily co-opted by cancer cells. Mutations in, and amplifications of, these receptors are found in a range of cancers with some of the most striking clinical findings relating to their contribution to pathogenesis and progression of female cancers. Here, we outline the molecular mechanisms of FGFR signalling and discuss the role of this pathway in women's cancers, focusing on breast, endometrial, ovarian and cervical carcinomas, and their associated preclinical and clinical data. We also address the rationale for therapeutic intervention and the need for FGFR-targeted therapy to selectively target cancer cells in view of the fundamental roles of FGF signalling in normal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbie E Fearon
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute - A Cancer Research UK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom.
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45
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Spreafico A, Mackay HJ. Current Phase II clinical data for ridaforolimus in cancer. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2013; 22:1485-93. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2013.831404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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46
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Brady N, Chuntova P, Bade LK, Schwertfeger KL. The FGF/FGFR axis as a therapeutic target in breast cancer. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2013; 8:391-402. [PMID: 25400686 PMCID: PMC4228698 DOI: 10.1586/17446651.2013.811910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling is a vital component of both embryonic and postnatal mammary gland development, which has prompted researchers to investigate both its relevance to breast cancer and its potential as a therapeutic target. Deregulated FGFR signaling during breast cancer occurs through various mechanisms, including amplification of the receptor genes, aberrant ligand expression, receptor mutations and translocations. Recent experimental outcomes involving both animal models and human breast cancer cell lines have led to the initiation of multiple early clinical trials investigating the safety and efficacy of small molecule FGFR inhibitors. In this article we review both the most recent discoveries and the need for further investigation of the mechanisms through which FGF/FGFR signaling has emerged as an oncogenic driver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Brady
- Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St. SE, MMC 609, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Polly Chuntova
- Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St. SE, MMC 609, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Lindsey K Bade
- Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology and Genetics Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St. SE, MMC 609, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Kathryn L Schwertfeger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St. SE, MMC 609, Minneapolis, MN 55455
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St. SE, MMC 609, Minneapolis, MN 55455
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