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Haji A, Alkattan A, Mahmoud N, Elkagam E, Hassanein M, Alfaifi A, Al-Tawfiq JA, Alabdulkareem K, Jokhdar H, Radwan N. Does ChAdOx1-S and BNT162b2 heterologous prime-boost vaccination trigger higher rates of vaccine-related adverse events? IJID REGIONS 2023; 7:159-163. [PMID: 37025346 PMCID: PMC10005969 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Background There has been significant international interest in heterologous prime-boost COVID-19 vaccination. However, it is linked with different intensity and frequency of adverse events. This study aimed to assess the safety of ChAdOx1-S and BNT162b2 vaccines when given as heterologous prime-boost vaccination in Saudi Arabia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted during the period October 2021 to March 2022. The study included two groups of people based on the type of vaccination regimen. The first group (heterologous) was subjected to different prime-boost vaccination schedules irrespective of the prime and boost vaccine types. The second group included people vaccinated with the same type of COVID-19 vaccine (homologous). Results The overall sample included 334 participants. Those included in the heterologous group were at about 1.5 fold -increased risk for developing local and systemic adverse events compared to the homologous group. Fever, headache, and vomiting were significantly more frequent among the heterologous group compared to the homologous group (p-value<0.05). In both groups, more than half of the recorded adverse events were mild/moderate in severity. Conclusion Heterologous prime-post vaccination is associated with a slightly increased risk for the development of local and systemic adverse events compared to the homologous regimen. However, most of these adverse events are mild/moderate in nature and recede within two days with no serious adverse events documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alhan Haji
- Department of Training, Research and Development, Assisting Deputyship for Primary Health Care, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdallah Alkattan
- Department of Research and Development, General Directorate of School Health, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding author: Abdullah Alkattan Tel. 00966540745588
| | - Nagla Mahmoud
- Department of Training, Research and Development, Assisting Deputyship for Primary Health Care, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding author: Nagla Mahmoud: Tel. 00966550853708
| | - Elfadil Elkagam
- Department of Training, Research and Development, Assisting Deputyship for Primary Health Care, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa Hassanein
- Department of Training, Research and Development, Assisting Deputyship for Primary Health Care, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Alfaifi
- Department of Training, Research and Development, Assisting Deputyship for Primary Health Care, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq
- Specialty Internal Medicine and Quality Patient Safety Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Khaled Alabdulkareem
- Department of Training, Research and Development, Assisting Deputyship for Primary Health Care, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Imam Mohammad bin Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Jokhdar
- Deputyship of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nashwa Radwan
- Department of Training, Research and Development, Assisting Deputyship for Primary Health Care, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
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Mix-and-Match COVID-19 Vaccinations (Heterologous Boost): A Review. Infect Dis Rep 2022; 14:537-546. [PMID: 35893476 PMCID: PMC9326526 DOI: 10.3390/idr14040057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Various safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines utilizing different platforms (mRNA, adenovirus vector, inactivated virus-based) are available against SARS-CoV-2 infection. A prime-boost regimen (administration of two doses) is recommended to induce an adequate and sustained immune response. Most of these vaccines follow a homologous regimen (the same type of vaccine as priming and booster doses). However, there is a growing interest in a heterologous prime-boost vaccination regimen to potentially help address concerns posed by fluctuating vaccine supplies, serious adverse effects (anaphylaxis and thromboembolic episodes following adenovirus-based vaccines), new emerging virulent strains, inadequate immune response in immunocompromised individuals, and waning immunity. Various studies have demonstrated that heterologous prime-boost vaccination may induce comparable or higher antibody (spike protein) titers and a similar reactogenicity profile to the homologous prime-boost regimen. Based on these considerations, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention has issued guidance supporting the “mix-and-match” heterologous boost COVID-19 vaccine strategy.
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Siddiqui A, Adnan A, Abbas M, Taseen S, Ochani S, Essar MY. Revival of the heterologous prime-boost technique in COVID-19: An outlook from the history of outbreaks. Health Sci Rep 2022; 5:e531. [PMID: 35229055 PMCID: PMC8866911 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The heterologous prime-boost vaccination technique is not novel as it has a history of deployment in previous outbreaks. AIM Hence, this narrative review aims to provide critical insight for reviving the heterologous prime-boost immunization strategy for SARS-CoV-2 vaccination relative to a brief positive outlook on the mix-dose approach deployed in previous and existing outbreaks (ie, Ebola virus disease (EVD), malaria, tuberculosis, hepatitis B, HIV and influenza virus). METHODOLOGY AND MATERIALS A Boolean search was carried out to find the literature in MEDLINE-PubMed, Clinicaltrials, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases up till December 22, 2021, using the specific keywords that include "SARS-CoV2", "COVID-19", "Ebola," "Malaria," "Tuberculosis," "Human Immunodeficiency Virus," "Hepatitis B," "Influenza," "Mix and match," "Heterologous prime-boost," with interposition of "OR" and "AND." Full text of all the related articles in English language with supplementary appendix was retrieved. In addition, the full text of relevant cross-references was also retrieved. RESULTS Therefore, as generally evident by the primary outcomes, that is, safety, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity reported and updated by preclinical and clinical studies for addressing previous and existing outbreaks so far, including COVID-19, it is understood that heterologous prime-boost immunization has been proven successful for eliciting a more efficacious immune response as of yet in comparison to the traditional homologous prime-boost immunization regimen. DISCUSSION Accordingly, with increasing cases of COVID-19, many countries such as Germany, Pakistan, Canada, Thailand, and the United Kingdom have started administering the heterologous vaccination as the technique aids to rationalize the usage of the available vaccines to aid in the global race to vaccinate majority to curb the spread of COVID-19 efficiently. However, the article emphasizes the need for more large controlled trials considering demographic details of vaccine recipients, which would play an essential role in clearing the mistrust about safety concerns to pace up the acceptance of the technique across the globe. CONCLUSION Consequently, by combatting the back-to-back waves of COVID-19 and other challenging variants of concerns, including Omicron, the discussed approach can also help in addressing the expected evolution of priority outbreaks as coined by WHO, that is, "Disease X" in 2018 with competency, which according to WHO can turn into the "next pandemic" or the "next public health emergency," thus would eventually lead to eradicating the risk of "population crisis."
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna Siddiqui
- Department of MBBSKarachi Medical and Dental CollegeKarachi CityPakistan
| | - Alishba Adnan
- Department of MBBSKarachi Medical and Dental CollegeKarachi CityPakistan
| | - Munib Abbas
- Department of MBBSKarachi Medical and Dental CollegeKarachi CityPakistan
| | - Shafaq Taseen
- Department of MBBSKarachi Medical and Dental CollegeKarachi CityPakistan
| | - Sidhant Ochani
- Department of MBBSKhairpur Medical CollegeKhairpur Mir'sPakistan
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Xu D, Tang B, Wang Y, Zhang L, Qu Z, Shi W, Wang X, Sun Q, Sun S, Liu M. The immune protection induced by a serine protease from the Trichinella spiralis adult administered as DNA and protein vaccine. Acta Trop 2020; 211:105622. [PMID: 32645301 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Trichinellosis is caused by Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis), which is an important public health problem. In this study, a gene encoding a serine protease from adult worms of T. spiralis (Ts-Adsp) was screened from a cDNA library of adult worms and was cloned and expressed in a prokaryotic expression system. The gene Ts-Adsp was subcloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1(+), which was named pcDNA3.1(+)-Adsp. Previous studies have found that recombinant Ts-Adsp protein (rTs-Adsp) can elicit partial protection against T. spiralis infection in mice. Our aim was to explore the protective effect of combining a DNA vaccine with the rTs-Adsp protein against T. spiralis. One week after the last vaccination, the serum and spleen were obtained. The levels of IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a and cytokine production in serum and spleen cells were analyzed. The results showed that the levels of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses increased in the pcDNA3.1(+)-Adsp/rTs-Adsp group mice and demonstrated that a Th1/Th2 mixed immune response was induced by pcDNA3.1(+)-Adsp/rTs-Adsp after vaccination. Moreover, mice vaccinated with pcDNA3.1(+)-Adsp/rTs-Adsp displayed a 69.50% reduction in muscle larvae burden. This study suggested that mixed immunity could improve the muscle larvae reduction rate.
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Cheeseman HM, Day S, McFarlane LR, Fleck S, Miller A, Cole T, Sousa-Santos N, Cope A, Cizmeci D, Tolazzi M, Hwekwete E, Hannaman D, Kratochvil S, McKay PF, Chung AW, Kent SJ, Cook A, Scarlatti G, Abraham S, Combadiere B, McCormack S, Lewis DJ, Shattock RJ. Combined Skin and Muscle DNA Priming Provides Enhanced Humoral Responses to a Human Immunodeficency Virus Type 1 Clade C Envelope Vaccine. Hum Gene Ther 2019; 29:1011-1028. [PMID: 30027768 PMCID: PMC6214652 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2018.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Intradermal (i.d.) and intramuscular (i.m.) injections when administered with or without electroporation (EP) have the potential to tailor the immune response to DNA vaccination. This Phase I randomized controlled clinical trial in human immunodeficiency virus type 1–negative volunteers investigated whether the site and mode of DNA vaccination influences the quality of induced cellular and humoral immune responses following the DNA priming phase and subsequent protein boost with recombinant clade C CN54 gp140. A strategy of concurrent i.d. and i.m. DNA immunizations administered with or without EP was adopted. Subtle differences were observed in the shaping of vaccine-induced virus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell–mediated immune responses between groups receiving: i.d.EP + i.m., i.d. + i.m.EP, and i.d.EP + i.m.EP regimens. The DNA priming phase induced 100% seroconversion in all of the groups. A single, non-adjuvanted protein boost induced a rapid and profound increase in binding antibodies in all groups, with a trend for higher responses in i.d.EP + i.m.EP. The magnitude of antigen-specific binding immunoglobulin G correlated with neutralization of closely matched clade C 93MW965 virus and Fc-dimer receptor binding (FcγRIIa and FcγRIIIa). These results offer new perspectives on the use of combined skin and muscle DNA immunization in priming humoral and cellular responses to recombinant protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Mary Cheeseman
- 1 Department of Medicine, Section of Virology, Group of Mucosal Infection and Immunity, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, U1135, CNRS, ERL 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
| | - Suzanne Day
- 1 Department of Medicine, Section of Virology, Group of Mucosal Infection and Immunity, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, U1135, CNRS, ERL 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
| | - Leon Robert McFarlane
- 1 Department of Medicine, Section of Virology, Group of Mucosal Infection and Immunity, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, U1135, CNRS, ERL 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
| | - Sue Fleck
- 2 Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, University College London, London, United Kingdom; UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, U1135, CNRS, ERL 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
| | - Aleisha Miller
- 1 Department of Medicine, Section of Virology, Group of Mucosal Infection and Immunity, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, U1135, CNRS, ERL 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
| | - Tom Cole
- 3 Imperial Clinical Research Facility, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, United Kingdom; UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, U1135, CNRS, ERL 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
| | - Nelson Sousa-Santos
- 3 Imperial Clinical Research Facility, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, United Kingdom; UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, U1135, CNRS, ERL 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
| | - Alethea Cope
- 1 Department of Medicine, Section of Virology, Group of Mucosal Infection and Immunity, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, U1135, CNRS, ERL 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
| | - Deniz Cizmeci
- 1 Department of Medicine, Section of Virology, Group of Mucosal Infection and Immunity, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, U1135, CNRS, ERL 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
| | - Monica Tolazzi
- 4 Viral Evolution and Transmission Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplant and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, U1135, CNRS, ERL 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
| | - Edith Hwekwete
- 3 Imperial Clinical Research Facility, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, United Kingdom; UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, U1135, CNRS, ERL 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
| | - Drew Hannaman
- 5 Ichor Medical Systems, Inc., San Diego, California; UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, U1135, CNRS, ERL 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
| | - Sven Kratochvil
- 1 Department of Medicine, Section of Virology, Group of Mucosal Infection and Immunity, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, U1135, CNRS, ERL 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
| | - Paul Francis McKay
- 1 Department of Medicine, Section of Virology, Group of Mucosal Infection and Immunity, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, U1135, CNRS, ERL 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
| | - Amy W Chung
- 6 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, and UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, U1135, CNRS, ERL 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
| | - Stephen J Kent
- 6 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, and UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, U1135, CNRS, ERL 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France .,7 ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, U1135, CNRS, ERL 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France .,8 Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Melbourne, Australia; and UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, U1135, CNRS, ERL 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
| | - Adrian Cook
- 2 Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, University College London, London, United Kingdom; UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, U1135, CNRS, ERL 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
| | - Gabriella Scarlatti
- 4 Viral Evolution and Transmission Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplant and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, U1135, CNRS, ERL 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
| | - Sonya Abraham
- 3 Imperial Clinical Research Facility, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, United Kingdom; UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, U1135, CNRS, ERL 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
| | - Behazine Combadiere
- 9 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, U1135, CNRS, ERL 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
| | - Sheena McCormack
- 2 Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, University College London, London, United Kingdom; UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, U1135, CNRS, ERL 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
| | - David John Lewis
- 3 Imperial Clinical Research Facility, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, United Kingdom; UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, U1135, CNRS, ERL 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
| | - Robin John Shattock
- 1 Department of Medicine, Section of Virology, Group of Mucosal Infection and Immunity, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, U1135, CNRS, ERL 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
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Apostólico JDS, Lunardelli VAS, Yamamoto MM, Souza HFS, Cunha-Neto E, Boscardin SB, Rosa DS. Dendritic Cell Targeting Effectively Boosts T Cell Responses Elicited by an HIV Multiepitope DNA Vaccine. Front Immunol 2017; 8:101. [PMID: 28223987 PMCID: PMC5295143 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite several efforts in the last decades, an efficacious HIV-1 vaccine is still not available. Different approaches have been evaluated, such as recombinant proteins, viral vectors, DNA vaccines, and, most recently, dendritic cell (DC) targeting. This strategy is based on DC features that place them as central for induction of immunity. Targeting is accomplished by the use of chimeric monoclonal antibodies directed to DC surface receptors fused to the antigen of interest. In this work, we targeted eight promiscuous HIV-derived CD4+ T cell epitopes (HIVBr8) to the DEC205+ DCs by fusing the multiepitope immunogen to the heavy chain of αDEC205 (αDECHIVBr8), in the presence of the TLR3 agonist poly (I:C). In addition, we tested a DNA vaccine encoding the same epitopes using homologous or heterologous prime-boost regimens. Our results showed that mice immunized with αDECHIVBr8 presented higher CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses when compared to mice that received the DNA vaccine (pVAXHIVBr8). In addition, pVAXHIVBr8 priming followed by αDECHIVBr8 boosting induced higher polyfunctional proliferative and cytokine-producing T cell responses to HIV-1 peptides than homologous DNA immunization or heterologous αDEC prime/DNA boost. Based on these results, we conclude that homologous prime-boost and heterologous boosting immunization strategies targeting CD4+ epitopes to DCs are effective to improve HIV-specific cellular immune responses when compared to standalone DNA immunization. Moreover, our results indicate that antigen targeting to DC is an efficient strategy to boost immunity against a multiepitope immunogen, especially in the context of DNA vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana de Souza Apostólico
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP/EPM), São Paulo, Brazil; Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii), INCT, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marcio Massao Yamamoto
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Higo Fernando Santos Souza
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Edecio Cunha-Neto
- Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii), INCT, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Allergy-LIM60, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Immunology, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia Beatriz Boscardin
- Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii), INCT, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela Santoro Rosa
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP/EPM), São Paulo, Brazil; Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii), INCT, São Paulo, Brazil
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Evaluation of Lethal Giant Larvae as a Schistosomiasis Vaccine Candidate. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:4680812. [PMID: 27957496 PMCID: PMC5120214 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4680812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease of humans, and it is considered to be the second most devastating parasitic disease after malaria. Eggs produced by normally developed female worms are important in the transmission of the parasite, and they responsible for the pathogenesis of schistosomiasis. The tumor suppressor gene lethal giant larvae (lgl) has an essential function in establishing apical-basal cell polarity, cell proliferation, differentiation, and tissue organization. In our earlier study, downregulation of the lgl gene induced a significant reduction in the egg hatching rate of Schistosoma japonicum (Sj) eggs. In this study, the Sjlgl gene was used as a vaccine candidate against schistosomiasis, and vaccination achieved and maintained a stable reduction of the egg hatching rate, which is consistent with previous studies, in addition to reducing the worm burden and liver egg burden in some trials.
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Mann JFS, Tregoning JS, Aldon Y, Shattock RJ, McKay PF. CD71 targeting boosts immunogenicity of sublingually delivered influenza haemagglutinin antigen and protects against viral challenge in mice. J Control Release 2016; 232:75-82. [PMID: 27094605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The delivery of vaccines to the sublingual mucosa is an attractive prospect due to the ease and acceptability of such an approach. However, novel adjuvant and delivery approaches are required to optimally vaccinate at this site. We have previously shown that conjugation of protein antigen to the iron transport molecule, transferrin, can significantly enhance mucosal immune responses. We tested whether conjugating influenza haemagglutinin to transferrin could improve the immune response to sublingually delivered antigen. Transferrin conjugated haemagglutinin induced a significant antibody and T cell response in both naïve animals and previously immunized animals. The immune response generated was able to protect mice against influenza virus challenge. Sublingually administered antigen dispersed more widely through the gastro-intestinal tract than intranasally delivered antigen and transferrin conjugation had a more marked effect on sublingually delivered antigen than intranasal immunisation. From these studies we conclude that transferrin conjugation of antigen is effective at boosting immune responses to sublingually delivered antigen and may be an attractive approach for influenza vaccines, particularly when mass campaigns are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie F S Mann
- Imperial College London, Mucosal Infection and Immunity, Section of Virology, St Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - John S Tregoning
- Imperial College London, Mucosal Infection and Immunity, Section of Virology, St Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Yoann Aldon
- Imperial College London, Mucosal Infection and Immunity, Section of Virology, St Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Robin J Shattock
- Imperial College London, Mucosal Infection and Immunity, Section of Virology, St Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Paul F McKay
- Imperial College London, Mucosal Infection and Immunity, Section of Virology, St Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom.
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Suschak JJ, Wang S, Fitzgerald KA, Lu S. A cGAS-Independent STING/IRF7 Pathway Mediates the Immunogenicity of DNA Vaccines. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 196:310-6. [PMID: 26590319 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
It has been known since the discovery of DNA vaccines >20 y ago that DNA vaccines can function as adjuvants. Our recent study reported the involvement of Aim2 as the sensor of DNA vaccines in eliciting Ag-specific Ab responses. Our findings indicated the presence of previously unrecognized innate immune response pathways in addition to the TLR9 pathway, which is mainly activated by the CpG motifs of DNA vaccines. Our data further demonstrated the requirement of type I IFN in DNA vaccine-induced immune responses via the Aim2 pathway, but the exact downstream molecular mechanism was not characterized. In the present study, we investigated the roles of the putative DNA sensor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGas), as well as the downstream IFN regulatory factors (IRF) 3 and 7 in type I IFN induction and Ag-specific immune responses elicited by DNA vaccination. Our results showed that DNA vaccine-induced, Irf7-dependent signaling, as part of the Sting pathway, was critical for generation of both innate cytokine signaling and Ag-specific B and T cell responses. In contrast, Irf3 was not as critical as expected in this pathway and, more surprisingly, immune responses elicited by DNA vaccines were not cGas-dependent in vivo. Data from this study provide more details on the innate immune mechanisms involved in DNA vaccination and further enrich our understanding on the potential utility of DNA vaccines in generating Ag-specific immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Suschak
- Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Vaccines, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655; and
| | - Shixia Wang
- Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Vaccines, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655; and
| | - Katherine A Fitzgerald
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655
| | - Shan Lu
- Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Vaccines, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655; and
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Abstract
While advances have been made in some areas, more often than not attempts at vaccine development against the human immunodeficiency virus only serve to highlight gaps in our knowledge of host immunity. While numerous approaches have been explored, to control infection, an HIV vaccine will need to be able to induce production of neutralizing antibodies and a cytotoxic T cell response in order to prevent the formation of the CD4+ T cell viral reservoir. However, challenges still remain for the development of an HIV vaccine. Incomplete knowledge of host immunity lies at the core of the tribulations lying in the face of effective vaccine development.
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Noe AR, Espinosa D, Li X, Coelho-dos-Reis JGA, Funakoshi R, Giardina S, Jin H, Retallack DM, Haverstock R, Allen JR, Vedvick TS, Fox CB, Reed SG, Ayala R, Roberts B, Winram SB, Sacci J, Tsuji M, Zavala F, Gutierrez GM. A full-length Plasmodium falciparum recombinant circumsporozoite protein expressed by Pseudomonas fluorescens platform as a malaria vaccine candidate. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107764. [PMID: 25247295 PMCID: PMC4172688 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The circumsporozoite protein (CSP) of Plasmodium falciparum is a major surface protein, which forms a dense coat on the sporozoite's surface. Preclinical research on CSP and clinical evaluation of a CSP fragment-based RTS, S/AS01 vaccine have demonstrated a modest degree of protection against P. falciparum, mediated in part by humoral immunity and in part by cell-mediated immunity. Given the partial protective efficacy of the RTS, S/AS01 vaccine in a recent Phase 3 trial, further improvement of CSP-based vaccines is crucial. In this report, we describe the preclinical development of a full-length, recombinant CSP (rCSP)-based vaccine candidate against P. falciparum malaria suitable for current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) production. Utilizing a novel high-throughput Pseudomonas fluorescens expression platform, we demonstrated greater efficacy of full-length rCSP as compared to N-terminally truncated versions, rapidly down-selected a promising lead vaccine candidate, and developed a high-yield purification process to express immunologically active, intact antigen for clinical trial material production. The rCSP, when formulated with various adjuvants, induced antigen-specific antibody responses as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunofluorescence assay (IFA), as well as CD4+ T-cell responses as determined by ELISpot. The adjuvanted rCSP vaccine conferred protection in mice when challenged with transgenic P. berghei sporozoites containing the P. falciparum repeat region of CSP. Furthermore, heterologous prime/boost regimens with adjuvanted rCSP and an adenovirus type 35-vectored CSP (Ad35CS) showed modest improvements in eliciting CSP-specific T-cell responses and anti-malarial protection, depending on the order of vaccine delivery. Collectively, these data support the importance of further clinical development of adjuvanted rCSP, either as a stand-alone product or as one of the components in a heterologous prime/boost strategy, ultimately acting as an effective vaccine candidate for the mitigation of P. falciparum-induced malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy R. Noe
- Leidos Inc., Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Diego Espinosa
- Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute and Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Xiangming Li
- HIV and Malaria Vaccine Program, Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Affiliate of The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jordana G. A. Coelho-dos-Reis
- HIV and Malaria Vaccine Program, Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Affiliate of The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ryota Funakoshi
- HIV and Malaria Vaccine Program, Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Affiliate of The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Steve Giardina
- Leidos Inc., Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hongfan Jin
- Pfenex Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
| | | | - Ryan Haverstock
- Pfenex Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
| | | | - Thomas S. Vedvick
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Christopher B. Fox
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Steven G. Reed
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Ramses Ayala
- Leidos Inc., Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Brian Roberts
- Leidos Inc., Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - John Sacci
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Moriya Tsuji
- HIV and Malaria Vaccine Program, Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Affiliate of The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Fidel Zavala
- Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute and Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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Protective effect of a prime-boost strategy with the Ts87 vaccine against Trichinella spiralis infection in mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:326860. [PMID: 25250316 PMCID: PMC4164511 DOI: 10.1155/2014/326860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Trichinellosis is a widespread zoonosis primarily caused by Trichinella spiralis. Mucosal immunity is crucial for preventing Trichinella spiralis infection. In our previous study, a DNA vaccine with the Trichinella antigen Ts87 delivered by an attenuated Salmonella typhimurium elicited partial protection against Trichinella spiralis infection in mice. In the current study, to elicit a more robust immune response and develop a potent vaccination strategy against trichinellosis, a heterologous prime-boost vaccination regimen for Ts87 was used in mice and the protective efficacy was evaluated compared to the homologous DNA prime-boost or protein prime-boost immunization alone. The results revealed that the DNA-prime/protein-boost vaccination with Ts87 induced higher levels of both humoral and cellular immune responses. The challenge results showed that mice with the DNA-prime/protein-boost vaccination displayed higher muscle larval reduction than those immunized with DNA prime-boost or protein prime-boost. The results demonstrated that mice vaccinated with Ts87 in a DNA-prime/protein-boost strategy effectively elicited a local IgA response and mixed Th1/Th2 immune response that might be responsible for improved protection against Trichinella spiralis infection.
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Enhanced immunogenicity of an HIV-1 DNA vaccine delivered with electroporation via combined intramuscular and intradermal routes. J Virol 2014; 88:6959-69. [PMID: 24719412 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00183-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED It is accepted that an effective prophylactic HIV-1 vaccine is likely to have the greatest impact on viral transmission rates. As previous reports have implicated DNA-priming, protein boost regimens to be efficient activators of humoral responses, we sought to optimize this regimen to further augment vaccine immunogenicity. Here we evaluated single versus concurrent intradermal (i.d.) and intramuscular (i.m.) vaccinations as a DNA-priming strategy for their abilities to elicit humoral and cellular responses against a model HIV-1 vaccine antigen, CN54-gp140. To further augment vaccine-elicited T and B cell responses, we enhanced cellular transfection with electroporation and then boosted the DNA-primed responses with homologous protein delivered subcutaneously (s.c.), intranasally (i.n.), i.m., or transcutaneously (t.c.). In mice, the concurrent priming regimen resulted in significantly elevated gamma interferon T cell responses and high-avidity antigen-specific IgG B cell responses, a hallmark of B cell maturation. Protein boosting of the concurrent DNA strategy further enhanced IgG concentrations but had little impact on T cell reactivity. Interestingly protein boosting by the subcutaneous route increased antibody avidity to a greater extent than protein boosting by either the i.m., i.n., or t.c. route, suggesting that this route may be preferential for driving B cell maturation. Using an alternative and larger animal model, the rabbit, we found the concurrent DNA-priming strategy followed by s.c. protein boosting to again be capable of eliciting high-avidity humoral responses and to also be able to neutralize HIV-1 pseudoviruses from diverse clades (clades A, B, and C). Taken together, we show that concurrent multiple-route DNA vaccinations induce strong cellular immunity, in addition to potent and high-avidity humoral immune responses. IMPORTANCE The route of vaccination has profound effects on prevailing immune responses. Due to the insufficient immunogenicity and protection of current DNA delivery strategies, we evaluated concurrent DNA delivery via simultaneous administration of plasmid DNA by the i.m. and i.d. routes. The rationale behind this study was to provide clear evidence of the utility of concurrent vaccinations for an upcoming human clinical trial. Furthermore, this work will guide future preclinical studies by evaluating the use of model antigens and plasmids for prime-boost strategies. This paper will be of interest not only to virologists and vaccinologists working in the HIV field but also to researchers working in other viral vaccine settings and, critically, to the wider field of vaccine delivery.
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14
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DNA Immunization for HIV Vaccine Development. Vaccines (Basel) 2014; 2:138-59. [PMID: 26344472 PMCID: PMC4494200 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines2010138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA vaccination has been studied in the last 20 years for HIV vaccine research. Significant experience has been accumulated in vector design, antigen optimization, delivery approaches and the use of DNA immunization as part of a prime-boost HIV vaccination strategy. Key historical data and future outlook are presented. With better understanding on the potential of DNA immunization and recent progress in HIV vaccine research, it is anticipated that DNA immunization will play a more significant role in the future of HIV vaccine development.
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15
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Mann JFS, McKay PF, Arokiasamy S, Patel RK, Tregoning JS, Shattock RJ. Mucosal application of gp140 encoding DNA polyplexes to different tissues results in altered immunological outcomes in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67412. [PMID: 23826293 PMCID: PMC3691144 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that mucosally targeted vaccines will enhance local humoral and cellular responses whilst still eliciting systemic immunity. We therefore investigated the capacity of nasal, sublingual or vaginal delivery of DNA-PEI polyplexes to prime immune responses prior to mucosal protein boost vaccination. Using a plasmid expressing the model antigen HIV CN54gp140 we show that each of these mucosal surfaces were permissive for DNA priming and production of antigen-specific antibody responses. The elicitation of systemic immune responses using nasally delivered polyplexed DNA followed by recombinant protein boost vaccination was equivalent to a systemic prime-boost regimen, but the mucosally applied modality had the advantage in that significant levels of antigen-specific IgA were detected in vaginal mucosal secretions. Moreover, mucosal vaccination elicited both local and systemic antigen-specific IgG(+) and IgA(+) antibody secreting cells. Finally, using an Influenza challenge model we found that a nasal or sublingual, but not vaginal, DNA prime/protein boost regimen protected against infectious challenge. These data demonstrate that mucosally applied plasmid DNA complexed to PEI followed by a mucosal protein boost generates sufficient antigen-specific humoral antibody production to protect from mucosal viral challenge.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Intranasal
- Administration, Intravaginal
- Administration, Sublingual
- Administration, Topical
- Animals
- Antibodies/immunology
- Antibody Formation/immunology
- Female
- Glycoproteins/administration & dosage
- Glycoproteins/immunology
- Humans
- Immunity, Humoral
- Immunization, Secondary
- Immunoglobulin A/blood
- Immunoglobulin A/immunology
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Immunoglobulin G/immunology
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Influenza, Human/prevention & control
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Nasal Mucosa/immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/prevention & control
- Spleen/cytology
- Spleen/immunology
- Vaccination
- Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie F S Mann
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
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16
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Protective immune response induced by co-immunization with the Trichinella spiralis recombinant Ts87 protein and a Ts87 DNA vaccine. Vet Parasitol 2013; 194:207-10. [PMID: 23433648 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ts87 is an immunodominant antigen that induces protective immunity against Trichinella spiralis larval challenge in mice. To determine if a combination of recombinant Ts87 protein and its coding DNA induces a stronger immune response in female C57BL/6 mice were immunized with 100 μg of recombinant Ts87 protein plus its coding DNA cloned in vector pVAX1, or the same amount of recombinant protein or DNA only. Mouse subclass IgG responses showed that both co-immunized and single-immunized mice produced a balanced IgG2a/IgG1 (Th1/Th2) response. T-cell proliferation in co-immunized animals was significantly higher than in single-immunized mice. Cytokine profiling in the co-immunization group showed a significant increase in the levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and IFN-γ in the splenocytes of mice upon stimulation with the recombinant Ts87 protein; however, the expression of IL-17 was down-regulated. Challenge results showed that mice immunized with the recombinant Ts87 protein and its coding DNA produced reduced the muscle larval burden to a greater extent (43.8%) than the groups immunized with only the protein (39.7%) or the DNA (9.7%). A better Th1/Th2 immune response and consequent protection induced by co-immunization with the recombinant Ts87 protein and its coding DNA may result from an adjuvant effect of DNA and a specific persistent expression of Ts87.
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17
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Mehrizi AA, Zakeri S, Rafati S, Salmanian AH, Djadid ND. Immune responses elicited by co-immunization of Plasmodium vivax and P. falciparum MSP-1 using prime-boost immunization strategies. Parasite Immunol 2012; 33:594-608. [PMID: 21883290 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2011.01331.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Carboxy-terminus of merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1(19) ) is the major protein on the surface of the plasmodial merozoite that acts as one of the most important blood-stage vaccine candidates. The present investigation was designed to evaluate the immune responses when either two recombinant antigens (rPvMSP-1(19) + rPfMSP-1(19)) or two plasmid constructs (pcDNA3.1 hygro-PvMSP-1(19) + pcDNA3.1 hygro-PfMSP-1(19)) were administered in combination at a single site in mice by using different immunization strategies (protein/protein, DNA/DNA and DNA/protein) at weeks 0, 5 and 8. All mice were monitored for the level of MSP-1(19) -specific antibody for up to 40 weeks. The inclusion of both recombinant antigens in a vaccine mixture could not inhibit induction of antibodies to the other antigen when the two recombinant antigens were combined in immunization formulation. Interestingly, antisera from immunized mice with either recombinant antigen failed to cross-react with heterologous antigen. Moreover, the results of this study showed that co-immunization with both antigens at a single site generated a substantial PvMSP-1(19) - and PfMSP-1(19) -specific antibody responses and also IFN-γ cytokine production (Th1 response) in DNA/protein prime-boost immunization strategies. The increased humoral response to PvMSP-1(19) and PfMSP-1(19) lasted nearly a year after immunization. Therefore, the results of this study are encouraging for the development of multi-species malaria vaccine based on MSP-1(19) antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Mehrizi
- Malaria and Vector Research Group, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Kumar R, Tuen M, Li H, Tse DB, Hioe CE. Improving immunogenicity of HIV-1 envelope gp120 by glycan removal and immune complex formation. Vaccine 2011; 29:9064-74. [PMID: 21945958 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Revised: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 envelope (Env) gp120 is an important target for neutralizing antibody (Ab) responses against the virus; however, developing gp120 vaccines that elicit potent and broad neutralizing Abs has proven to be a formidable challenge. Previously, removal of an N-linked glycan at residue 448 by an N to Q mutation (N448Q) has been found to enhance the in vitro antigenicity of neutralizing epitopes in the V3 loop. In this study the mutated gp120 was first compared with wild type gp120 for immunogenicity in mice using a DNA prime and protein boost immunization regimen. The N448Q mutant did not elicit higher titers of anti-gp120 serum Abs and failed to generate anti-V3 Abs. The sera also had no virus-neutralizing activity, even though the mutant induced higher levels of lymphoproliferation and cytokine production. Subsequently, the N448Q mutant was used to construct an immune complex vaccine with the anti-CD4 binding site monoclonal antibody (mAb) 654. The N448Q/654 complex stimulated comparably high levels of serum Abs to gp120 and V3 as the wild type complex. However, Abs against the C1 and C2 regions in the gp120 core were more elevated. Importantly, the mutant complex also elicited higher titers of neutralizing Abs activity than the wild type counterpart. Similar results were achieved with a complex made with gp120 bearing an N448E mutation, confirming the importance of the N448-linked glycan in modulating gp120 immunogenicity. Neutralizing activity was directed to V3 and other undefined neutralizing epitopes. Improved immunogenicity of the immune complexes correlated with alterations in exposure of V3 and other Ab epitopes and their stability against proteases. These data demonstrate the advantage of combining site-specific N-glycan removal and immune complex formation as a novel vaccine strategy to improve immunogenicity of targeted Ab epitopes on critical regions of HIV-1 gp120.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajnish Kumar
- New York University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, New York, NY 10016, USA
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19
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Lan J, Gao Z, Xiong H, Chuai X, Jin Y, Li J, Xian X, Liu G, Xie L, Zhang Y, Wang Y. Generation of protective immune responses against coxsackievirus B3 challenge by DNA prime–protein boost vaccination. Vaccine 2011; 29:6894-902. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2011] [Revised: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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20
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Nakashima H, Fujisawa T, Husain SR, Puri RK. Interleukin-13 receptor α2 DNA prime boost vaccine induces tumor immunity in murine tumor models. J Transl Med 2010; 8:116. [PMID: 21067607 PMCID: PMC2993653 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-8-116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background DNA vaccines represent an attractive approach for cancer treatment by inducing active T cell and B cell immune responses to tumor antigens. Previous studies have shown that interleukin-13 receptor α2 chain (IL-13Rα2), a tumor-associated antigen is a promising target for cancer immunotherapy as high levels of IL-13Rα2 are expressed on a variety of human tumors. To enhance the effectiveness of DNA vaccine, we used extracellular domain of IL-13Rα2 (ECDα2) as a protein-boost against murine tumor models. Methods We have developed murine models of tumors naturally expressing IL-13Rα2 (MCA304 sarcoma, 4T1 breast carcinoma) and D5 melanoma tumors transfected with human IL-13Rα2 in syngeneic mice and examined the antitumor activity of DNA vaccine expressing IL-13Rα2 gene with or without ECDα2 protein mixed with CpG and IFA adjuvants as a boost vaccine. Results Mice receiving IL-13Rα2 DNA vaccine boosted with ECDα2 protein were superior in exhibiting inhibition of tumor growth, compared to mice receiving DNA vaccine alone, in both prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine settings. In addition, prime-boost vaccination significantly prolonged the survival of mice compared to DNA vaccine alone. Furthermore, ECDα2 booster vaccination increased IFN-γ production and CTL activity against tumor expressing IL-13Rα2. The immunohistochemical analysis showed the infiltration of CD4 and CD8 positive T cells and IFN-γ-induced chemokines (CXCL9 and CXCL10) in regressing tumors of immunized mice. Finally, the prime boost strategy was able to reduce immunosuppressive CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the spleen and tumor of vaccinated mice. Conclusion These results suggest that immunization with IL-13Rα2 DNA vaccine followed by ECDα2 boost mixed with CpG and IFA adjuvants inhibits tumor growth in T cell dependent manner. Thus our results show an enhancement of efficacy of IL-13Rα2 DNA vaccine with ECDα2 protein boost and offers an exciting approach in the development of new DNA vaccine targeting IL-13Rα2 for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Nakashima
- Tumor Vaccines and Biotechnology Branch, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, NIH Building 29B, Room 2NN20, 29 Lincoln Drive MSC 4555, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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21
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Hedayat M, Takeda K, Rezaei N. Prophylactic and therapeutic implications of toll-like receptor ligands. Med Res Rev 2010; 32:294-325. [DOI: 10.1002/med.20214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Hedayat
- Molecular Immunology Research Center; Department of Immunology; School of Medicine; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran; Iran
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22
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Raska M, Takahashi K, Czernekova L, Zachova K, Hall S, Moldoveanu Z, Elliott MC, Wilson L, Brown R, Jancova D, Barnes S, Vrbkova J, Tomana M, Smith PD, Mestecky J, Renfrow MB, Novak J. Glycosylation patterns of HIV-1 gp120 depend on the type of expressing cells and affect antibody recognition. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:20860-9. [PMID: 20439465 PMCID: PMC2898351 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.085472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2009] [Revised: 04/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) entry is mediated by the interaction between a variably glycosylated envelope glycoprotein (gp120) and host-cell receptors. Approximately half of the molecular mass of gp120 is contributed by N-glycans, which serve as potential epitopes and may shield gp120 from immune recognition. The role of gp120 glycans in the host immune response to HIV-1 has not been comprehensively studied at the molecular level. We developed a new approach to characterize cell-specific gp120 glycosylation, the regulation of glycosylation, and the effect of variable glycosylation on antibody reactivity. A model oligomeric gp120 was expressed in different cell types, including cell lines that represent host-infected cells or cells used to produce gp120 for vaccination purposes. N-Glycosylation of gp120 varied, depending on the cell type used for its expression and the metabolic manipulation during expression. The resultant glycosylation included changes in the ratio of high-mannose to complex N-glycans, terminal decoration, and branching. Differential glycosylation of gp120 affected envelope recognition by polyclonal antibodies from the sera of HIV-1-infected subjects. These results indicate that gp120 glycans contribute to antibody reactivity and should be considered in HIV-1 vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Raska
- From the Departments of Immunology and
- the Departments of Microbiology
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jana Vrbkova
- Mathematical Analysis and Applications of Mathematics, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc 77100, Czech Republic
| | | | - Phillip D. Smith
- Medicine, and
- the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama 35205, and
| | - Jiri Mestecky
- the Departments of Microbiology
- Medicine, and
- the Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic 12108
| | - Matthew B. Renfrow
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
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23
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Repeated DNA therapeutic vaccination of chronically SIV-infected macaques provides additional virological benefit. Vaccine 2010; 28:1962-74. [PMID: 20188252 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.10.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that therapeutic immunization by intramuscular injection of optimized plasmid DNAs encoding SIV antigens effectively induces immune responses able to reduce viremia in antiretroviral therapy (ART)-treated SIVmac251-infected Indian rhesus macaques. We subjected such therapeutically immunized macaques to a second round of therapeutic vaccination using a combination of plasmids expressing SIV genes and the IL-15/IL-15 receptor alpha as molecular adjuvant, which were delivered by the more efficacious in vivo constant-current electroporation. A very strong induction of antigen-specific responses to Gag, Env, Nef, and Pol, during ART (1.2-1.6% of SIV-specific T cells in the circulating T lymphocytes) was obtained with the improved vaccination method. Immunological responses were characterized by the production of IFN-gamma, IL-2, and TNF-alpha either alone, or in combination as double or triple cytokine positive multifunctional T cells. A significant induction of CD4(+) T cell responses, mainly targeting Gag, Nef, and Pol, as well as of CD8(+) T cells, mainly targeting Env, was found in both T cells with central memory and effector memory markers. After release from ART, the animals showed a virological benefit with a further approximately 1 log reduction in viremia. Vaccination with plasmid DNAs has several advantages over other vaccine modalities, including the possibility for repeated administration, and was shown to induce potent, efficacious, and long-lasting recall immune responses. Therefore, these data support the concept of adding DNA vaccination to the HAART regimen to boost the HIV-specific immune responses.
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24
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Davtyan H, Mkrtichyan M, Movsesyan N, Petrushina I, Mamikonyan G, Cribbs DH, Agadjanyan MG, Ghochikyan A. DNA prime-protein boost increased the titer, avidity and persistence of anti-Abeta antibodies in wild-type mice. Gene Ther 2010; 17:261-71. [PMID: 19865176 PMCID: PMC2820600 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2009.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2009] [Revised: 09/13/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we reported that a DNA vaccine, composed of three copies of a self B cell epitope of amyloid-beta (Abeta(42)) and the foreign T-cell epitope, Pan DR epitope (PADRE), generated strong anti-Abeta immune responses in wild-type and amyloid precursor protein transgenic animals. Although DNA vaccines have several advantages over peptide-protein vaccines, they induce lower immune responses in large animals and humans compared with those in mice. The focus of this study was to further enhance anti-Abeta(11) immune responses by developing an improved DNA vaccination protocol of the prime-boost regimen, in which the priming step would use DNA and the boosting step would use recombinant protein. Accordingly, we generated DNA and recombinant protein-based epitope vaccines and showed that priming with DNA followed by boosting with a homologous recombinant protein vaccine significantly increases the anti-Abeta antibody responses and do not change the immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) profile of humoral immune responses. Furthermore, the antibodies generated by this prime-boost regimen were long-lasting and possessed a higher avidity for binding with an Abeta(42) peptide. Thus, we showed that a heterologous prime-boost regimen could be an effective protocol for developing a potent Alzheimer's disease (AD) vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Davtyan
- Department of Molecular Immunology, The Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, CA, USA
| | - M Mkrtichyan
- Department of Molecular Immunology, The Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, CA, USA
| | - N Movsesyan
- The Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - I Petrushina
- The Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - G Mamikonyan
- Department of Molecular Immunology, The Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, CA, USA
| | - DH Cribbs
- The Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - MG Agadjanyan
- Department of Molecular Immunology, The Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, CA, USA
- The Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Ghochikyan
- Department of Molecular Immunology, The Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, CA, USA
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25
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Induction of HIV-1 subtype B and AE-specific neutralizing antibodies in mice and macaques with DNA prime and recombinant gp140 protein boost regimens. Vaccine 2009; 27:6605-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2009] [Revised: 07/30/2009] [Accepted: 08/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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26
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Vaine M, Lu S, Wang S. Progress on the induction of neutralizing antibodies against HIV type 1 (HIV-1). BioDrugs 2009; 23:137-53. [PMID: 19627166 DOI: 10.2165/00063030-200923030-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Infection with HIV type 1 (HIV-1), the causative agent of AIDS, is one of the most catastrophic pandemics to affect human healthcare in the latter 20th century. The best hope of controlling this pandemic is the development of a successful prophylactic vaccine. However, to date, this goal has proven to be exceptionally elusive. The recent failure of an experimental vaccine in a phase IIb study, named the STEP trial, intended solely to elicit cell-mediated immune responses against HIV-1, has highlighted the need for a balanced immune response consisting of not only cellular immunity but also a broad and potent humoral antibody response that can prevent infection with HIV-1. This article reviews the efforts made up to this point to elicit such antibody responses, especially with regard to the use of a DNA prime-protein boost regimen, which has been proven to be a highly effective platform for the induction of neutralizing antibodies in both animal and early-phase human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Vaine
- Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Vaccines, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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27
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Zhao HP, Sun JF, Li N, Sun Y, Wang Y, Qiu HJ. Prime-boost immunization using alphavirus replicon and adenovirus vectored vaccines induces enhanced immune responses against classical swine fever virus in mice. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2009; 131:158-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2009.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2009] [Revised: 03/30/2009] [Accepted: 04/03/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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28
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Lu S. Heterologous prime-boost vaccination. Curr Opin Immunol 2009; 21:346-51. [PMID: 19500964 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2009.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 344] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2009] [Revised: 05/13/2009] [Accepted: 05/14/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
An effective vaccine usually requires more than one time immunization in the form of prime-boost. Traditionally the same vaccines are given multiple times as homologous boosts. New findings suggested that prime-boost can be done with different types of vaccines containing the same antigens. In many cases such heterologous prime-boost can be more immunogenic than homologous prime-boost. Heterologous prime-boost represents a new way of immunization and will stimulate better understanding on the immunological basis of vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Lu
- China-US Vaccine Research Center and Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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29
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Intramuscular delivery of a cholera DNA vaccine primes both systemic and mucosal protective antibody responses against cholera. Vaccine 2009; 27:3821-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2009] [Revised: 03/28/2009] [Accepted: 04/03/2009] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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30
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HIV-1/AIDS vaccine development: are we in the darkness before the dawn? Chin Med J (Engl) 2008. [DOI: 10.1097/00029330-200805020-00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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31
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Rosati M, Valentin A, Jalah R, Patel V, von Gegerfelt A, Bergamaschi C, Alicea C, Weiss D, Treece J, Pal R, Markham PD, Marques ETA, August JT, Khan A, Draghia-Akli R, Felber BK, Pavlakis GN. Increased immune responses in rhesus macaques by DNA vaccination combined with electroporation. Vaccine 2008; 26:5223-9. [PMID: 18468743 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.03.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We used optimized DNA expression vectors to compare two gene delivery methodologies in rhesus macaques, namely direct DNA injection and in vivo adaptive constant-current electroporation via the intramuscular route. The use of in vivo electroporation increased levels of gene expression and immune responses. We used an optimized HIV gag expression plasmid to show the development of new cellular immune responses in SIV-infected animals controlling viremia. Furthermore, after vaccination with SIV expression plasmids the recall responses to the SIV antigens were very high, indicating that DNA is a strong boost in the presence of antiretroviral treatment in SIV-infected animals. There was substantial animal-to-animal variability in DNA expression, revealed by plasma measurements of IL-15 produced by co-injected IL-15 DNA. IL-15 expression levels correlated with peak immune responses. Electroporation led to an expansion of antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells of both central and effector memory phenotype. These results indicate that improved gene delivery and expression by electroporation dramatically increases immunogenicity of DNA vaccines. Electroporation is thus an important method to improve the effectiveness of DNA vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Rosati
- Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, United States
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32
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Liang R, van den Hurk JV, Landi A, Lawman Z, Deregt D, Townsend H, Babiuk LA, van Drunen Littel-van den Hurk S. DNA prime protein boost strategies protect cattle from bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 challenge. J Gen Virol 2008; 89:453-466. [PMID: 18198376 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.83251-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, infections with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) type 2 occur nearly as frequently as those with BVDV type 1, so development of vaccines that protect cattle from both type 1 and type 2 BVDV has become critical. In this study, we compared various DNA prime-protein boost vaccination strategies to protect cattle from challenge with BVDV-2 using the major protective antigen of BVDV, glycoprotein E2. Calves were immunized with a plasmid encoding either type 1 E2 (E2.1) or type 2 E2 (E2.2) or with both plasmids (E2.1+E2.2). This was followed by a heterologous boost with E2.1, E2.2 or E2.1 and E2.2 protein formulated with Emulsigen and a CpG oligodeoxynucleotide. Subsequently, the calves were challenged with BVDV-2 strain 1373. All vaccinated calves developed both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, including virus-neutralizing antibodies and IFN-gamma-secreting cells in the peripheral blood. Depletion studies showed that CD4+ T cells were responsible for IFN-gamma production. Furthermore, the calves vaccinated with either the E2.2 or the E2.1+E2.2 vaccines were very well protected from challenge with BVDV-2, having little leukopenia and showing no weight loss or temperature response. In addition, the animals vaccinated with the E2.1 vaccine were partially protected, so there was a certain level of cross-protection. These data demonstrate that a vaccination strategy consisting of priming with E2.2 or E2.1+E2.2 DNA and boosting with E2.2 or E2.1+E2.2 protein fully protects cattle from BVDV-2 challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Liang
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - J V van den Hurk
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - A Landi
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Z Lawman
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - D Deregt
- Virology Section, Lethbridge Laboratory, Animal Diseases Research Institute, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Lethbridge, AB T1J 3Z4, Canada
| | - H Townsend
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - L A Babiuk
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
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33
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Schoenly KA, Weiner DB. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 vaccine development: recent advances in the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte platform "spotty business". J Virol 2008; 82:3166-80. [PMID: 17989174 PMCID: PMC2268479 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01634-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Schoenly
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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34
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The challenges of eliciting neutralizing antibodies to HIV-1 and to influenza virus. Nat Rev Microbiol 2008; 6:143-55. [PMID: 18197170 DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro1819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The ability to elicit broadly neutralizing antibody responses against HIV-1 is a crucial goal for a prophylactic HIV-1 vaccine. Here, we discuss the difficulties of achieving broad HIV-1 neutralization in the context of both the effective annual human influenza virus vaccine and the need to develop a pandemic influenza vaccine. Immunogen-design strategies are underway to target functionally conserved regions of the HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins, and similar strategies might be applicable to pandemic influenza virus vaccine development. Efforts to develop broadly neutralizing vaccines against either HIV-1 or influenza virus might establish a paradigm for future vaccines against highly variable pathogens.
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35
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Sremac M, Stuart ES. Recombinant gas vesicles from Halobacterium sp. displaying SIV peptides demonstrate biotechnology potential as a pathogen peptide delivery vehicle. BMC Biotechnol 2008; 8:9. [PMID: 18237432 PMCID: PMC2270826 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-8-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2007] [Accepted: 01/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies indicated that recombinant gas vesicles (r-GV) from a mutant strain of Halobacterium sp. NRC-1 could express a cassette containing test sequences of SIVmac gag derived DNA, and function as an antigen display/delivery system. Tests using mice indicated that the humoral immune response to the gag encoded sequences evoked immunologic memory in the absence of an exogenous adjuvant. Results The goal of this research was to extend this demonstration to diverse gene sequences by testing recombinant gas vesicles displaying peptides encoded by different SIV genes (SIVtat, rev or nef). Verification that different peptides can be successfully incorporated into the GvpC surface protein of gas vesicle would support a more general biotechnology application of this potential display/delivery system. Selected SIVsm-GvpC fusion peptides were generated by creating and expressing fusion genes, then assessing the resulting recombinant gas vesicles for SIV peptide specific antigenic and immunogenic capabilities. Results from these analyses support three conclusions: (i) Different recombinant gvpC-SIV genes will support the biosynthesis of chimeric, GvpC fusion proteins which are incorporated into the gas vesicles and generate functional organelles. (ii) Monkey antibody elicited by in vivo infection with SHIV recognizes these expressed SIV sequences in the fusion proteins encoded by the gvpC-SIV fusion genes as SIV peptides. (iii) Test of antiserum elicited by immunizing mice with recombinant gas vesicles demonstrated notable and long term antibody titers. The observed level of humoral responses, and the maintenance of elevated responses to, Tat, Rev and Nef1 encoded peptides carried by the respective r-GV, are consistent with the suggestion that in vivo there may be a natural and slow release of epitope over time. Conclusion The findings therefore suggest that in addition to providing information about these specific inserts, r-GV displaying peptide inserts from other relevant pathogens could have significant biotechnological potential for display and delivery, or serve as a cost effective initial screen of pathogen derived peptides naturally expressed during infections in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marinko Sremac
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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36
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Zolla-Pazner S, Cohen SS, Krachmarov C, Wang S, Pinter A, Lu S. Focusing the immune response on the V3 loop, a neutralizing epitope of the HIV-1 gp120 envelope. Virology 2007; 372:233-46. [PMID: 18061228 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2007.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2007] [Revised: 06/25/2007] [Accepted: 09/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rabbits were immunized with a novel regimen designed to focus the immune response on a single neutralizing epitope of HIV-1 gp120 and thereby preferentially induce neutralizing antibodies (Abs). Animals were primed with gp120 DNA from a clade A Env bearing the GPGR V3 motif and/or a clade C Env bearing the GPGQ V3 motif, and boosted with one or more fusion proteins containing V3 sequences from clades A, B and/or C. Immune sera neutralized three of four Tier 1 primary isolates, including strains heterologous to the immunizing strains, and potent cross-clade-neutralizing activity was demonstrated against V3 chimeric pseudoviruses carrying in a Tier 1 Env, the consensus V3 sequences from clades A1, AG, B, AE, or F. The broadest and most potent neutralizing responses were elicited with the clade C gp120 DNA and a combination of V3-fusion proteins from clades A, B and C. Neutralizing activity was primarily due to V3-specific Abs. The results demonstrate that the immune response can be focused on a neutralizing epitope and show that the anti-V3 Abs induced recognize a diverse set of V3 loops.
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