1
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Kharnaf M, Zafar F, Hogue S, Rosenfeldt L, Cantrell RL, Sharma BK, Pearson A, Sprague C, Leino D, Abplanalp WA, Zelek WM, McCrae KR, Shim YJ, Morales D, Tweddell J, Qualls JE, Palumbo JS. Factor XII promotes the thromboinflammatory response in a rat model of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2024; 168:e37-e53. [PMID: 37683721 PMCID: PMC10918029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2023.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Factor XII (FXII) is a multifunctional protease capable of activating thrombotic and inflammatory pathways. FXII has been linked to thrombosis in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), but the role of FXII in ECMO-induced inflammatory complications has not been studied. We used novel gene-targeted FXII- deficient rats to evaluate the role of FXII in ECMO-induced thromboinflammation. METHODS FXII-deficient (FXII-/-) Sprague-Dawley rats were generated using CRISPR/Cas9. A minimally invasive venoarterial (VA) ECMO model was used to compare wild-type (WT) and FXII-/- rats in 2 separate experimental cohorts: rats placed on ECMO without pharmacologic anticoagulation and rats anticoagulated with argatroban. Rats were maintained on ECMO for 1 hour or until circuit failure occurred. Comparisons were made with unchallenged rats and rats that underwent a sham surgical procedure without ECMO. RESULTS FXII-/- rats were maintained on ECMO without pharmacologic anticoagulation with low resistance throughout the 1-hour experiment. In contrast, WT rats placed on ECMO without anticoagulation developed thrombotic circuit failure within 10 minutes. Argatroban provided a means to maintain WT and FXII-/- rats on ECMO for the 1-hour time frame without thrombotic complications. Analyses of these rats demonstrated that ECMO resulted in increased neutrophil migration into the liver that was significantly blunted by FXII deficiency. ECMO also resulted in increases in high molecular weight kininogen cleavage and complement activation that were abrogated by genetic deletion of FXII. CONCLUSIONS FXII initiates hemostatic system activation and key inflammatory sequelae in ECMO, suggesting that therapies targeting FXII could limit both thromboembolism and inopportune inflammatory complications in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousa Kharnaf
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.
| | - Farhan Zafar
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Spencer Hogue
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Leah Rosenfeldt
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Rachel L Cantrell
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Bal Krishan Sharma
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Amelia Pearson
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Cassandra Sprague
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Daniel Leino
- Department of Pathology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - William A Abplanalp
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Wioleta M Zelek
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Keith R McCrae
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Young Jun Shim
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - David Morales
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - James Tweddell
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Joseph E Qualls
- Department of Biological Sciences, St Elizabeth College of Natural and Health Sciences, Thomas More University, Crestview Hills, Ky
| | - Joseph S Palumbo
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.
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2
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Strickland S, Norris EH. Contactless edema via plasmin. Blood 2024; 143:570-571. [PMID: 38358851 PMCID: PMC10873533 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023023292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
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3
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Avdonin PP, Blinova MS, Generalova GA, Emirova KM, Avdonin PV. The Role of the Complement System in the Pathogenesis of Infectious Forms of Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome. Biomolecules 2023; 14:39. [PMID: 38254639 PMCID: PMC10813406 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is an acute disease and the most common cause of childhood acute renal failure. HUS is characterized by a triad of symptoms: microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney injury. In most of the cases, HUS occurs as a result of infection caused by Shiga toxin-producing microbes: hemorrhagic Escherichia coli and Shigella dysenteriae type 1. They account for up to 90% of all cases of HUS. The remaining 10% of cases grouped under the general term atypical HUS represent a heterogeneous group of diseases with similar clinical signs. Emerging evidence suggests that in addition to E. coli and S. dysenteriae type 1, a variety of bacterial and viral infections can cause the development of HUS. In particular, infectious diseases act as the main cause of aHUS recurrence. The pathogenesis of most cases of atypical HUS is based on congenital or acquired defects of complement system. This review presents summarized data from recent studies, suggesting that complement dysregulation is a key pathogenetic factor in various types of infection-induced HUS. Separate links in the complement system are considered, the damage of which during bacterial and viral infections can lead to complement hyperactivation following by microvascular endothelial injury and development of acute renal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr P. Avdonin
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology RAS, ul. Vavilova, 26, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (M.S.B.); (P.V.A.)
| | - Maria S. Blinova
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology RAS, ul. Vavilova, 26, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (M.S.B.); (P.V.A.)
| | - Galina A. Generalova
- Saint Vladimir Moscow City Children’s Clinical Hospital, 107014 Moscow, Russia; (G.A.G.); (K.M.E.)
- Department of Pediatrics, A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 127473 Moscow, Russia
| | - Khadizha M. Emirova
- Saint Vladimir Moscow City Children’s Clinical Hospital, 107014 Moscow, Russia; (G.A.G.); (K.M.E.)
- Department of Pediatrics, A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 127473 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel V. Avdonin
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology RAS, ul. Vavilova, 26, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (M.S.B.); (P.V.A.)
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4
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Engelen MM, Verhamme P, Vanassche T. Clotting of the Extracorporeal Circuit in Hemodialysis: Beyond Contact-Activated Coagulation. Semin Nephrol 2023; 43:151473. [PMID: 38233291 DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2023.151473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Thrombotic complications in patients with end-stage kidney disease are frequent. While being a lifesaving treatment for these patients, hemodialysis introduces a thromboinflammatory environment. Additionally, the extracorporeal hemodialysis circuit itself is prone to clotting because of an interaction between different activation mechanisms of the coagulation system, platelets, and the immune system. Anticoagulation of the patient and the machine is frequently complicated by bleeding. We discuss the factors important in this balancing act and touch on potential strategies that are on the horizon to target thromboinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias M Engelen
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Peter Verhamme
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Vanassche
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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5
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Tweddell JS, Kharnaf M, Zafar F, Riggs KW, Reagor JA, Monia BP, Revenko A, Leino DG, Owens AP, Martin JK, Gourley B, Rosenfeldt L, Palumbo JS. Targeting the contact system in a rabbit model of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Blood Adv 2023; 7:1404-1417. [PMID: 36240297 PMCID: PMC10139951 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022007586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies suggested that contact pathway factors drive thrombosis in mechanical circulation. We used a rabbit model of veno-arterial extracorporeal circulation (VA-ECMO) to evaluate the role of factors XI and XII in ECMO-associated thrombosis and organ damage. Factors XI and XII (FXI, FXII) were depleted using established antisense oligonucleotides before placement on a blood-primed VA-ECMO circuit. Decreasing FXII or FXI to < 5% of baseline activity significantly prolonged ECMO circuit lifespan, limited the development of coagulopathy, and prevented fibrinogen consumption. Histological analysis suggested that FXII depletion mitigated interstitial pulmonary edema and hemorrhage whereas heparin and FXI depletion did not. Neither FXI nor FXII depletion was associated with significant hemorrhage in other organs. In vitro analysis showed that membrane oxygenator fibers (MOFs) alone are capable of driving significant thrombin generation in a FXII- and FXI-dependent manner. MOFs also augment thrombin generation triggered by low (1 pM) or high (5 pM) tissue factor concentrations. However, only FXI elimination completely prevented the increase in thrombin generation driven by MOFs, suggesting MOFs augment thrombin-mediated FXI activation. Together, these results suggest that therapies targeting FXII or FXI limit thromboembolic complications associated with ECMO. Further studies are needed to determine the contexts wherein targeting FXI and FXII, either alone or in combination, would be most beneficial in ECMO. Moreover, studies are also needed to determine the potential mechanisms coupling FXII to end-organ damage in ECMO.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S. Tweddell
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Mousa Kharnaf
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Farhan Zafar
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Kyle W. Riggs
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - James A. Reagor
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | | | | | - Daniel G. Leino
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - A. Phillip Owens
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Janine K. Martin
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Benjamin Gourley
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Leah Rosenfeldt
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Joseph S. Palumbo
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
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6
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Alvarenga PH, Andersen JF. An Overview of D7 Protein Structure and Physiological Roles in Blood-Feeding Nematocera. BIOLOGY 2022; 12:biology12010039. [PMID: 36671732 PMCID: PMC9855781 DOI: 10.3390/biology12010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Each time an insect bites a vertebrate host, skin and vascular injury caused by piercing triggers a series of responses including hemostasis, inflammation and immunity. In place, this set of redundant and interconnected responses would ultimately cause blood coagulation, itching and pain leading to host awareness, resulting in feeding interruption in the best-case scenario. Nevertheless, hematophagous arthropod saliva contains a complex cocktail of molecules that are crucial to the success of blood-feeding. Among important protein families described so far in the saliva of blood sucking arthropods, is the D7, abundantly expressed in blood feeding Nematocera. D7 proteins are distantly related to insect Odorant-Binding Proteins (OBP), and despite low sequence identity, observation of structural similarity led to the suggestion that like OBPs, they should bind/sequester small hydrophobic compounds. Members belonging to this family are divided in short forms and long forms, containing one or two OBP-like domains, respectively. Here, we provide a review of D7 proteins structure and function, discussing how gene duplication and some modifications in their OBP-like domains during the course of evolution lead to gain and loss of function among different hematophagous Diptera species.
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7
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Pryzdial ELG, Leatherdale A, Conway EM. Coagulation and complement: Key innate defense participants in a seamless web. Front Immunol 2022; 13:918775. [PMID: 36016942 PMCID: PMC9398469 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.918775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In 1969, Dr. Oscar Ratnoff, a pioneer in delineating the mechanisms by which coagulation is activated and complement is regulated, wrote, “In the study of biological processes, the accumulation of information is often accelerated by a narrow point of view. The fastest way to investigate the body’s defenses against injury is to look individually at such isolated questions as how the blood clots or how complement works. We must constantly remind ourselves that such distinctions are man-made. In life, as in the legal cliché, the devices through which the body protects itself form a seamless web, unwrinkled by our artificialities.” Our aim in this review, is to highlight the critical molecular and cellular interactions between coagulation and complement, and how these two major component proteolytic pathways contribute to the seamless web of innate mechanisms that the body uses to protect itself from injury, invading pathogens and foreign surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward L. G. Pryzdial
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Canadian Blood Services, Medical Affairs and Innovation, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Edward L. G. Pryzdial, ; Edward M. Conway,
| | - Alexander Leatherdale
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Edward M. Conway
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Canadian Blood Services, Medical Affairs and Innovation, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Edward L. G. Pryzdial, ; Edward M. Conway,
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8
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Chou SC, Lin CY, Lin HY, Pai CH, Yu CY, Kuo SF, Lin JS, Lin PT, Hung MH, Hsieh HN, Liu HC, Shen MC. Characterization of congenital factor XII deficiency in Taiwanese patients: identification of one novel and one common mutation. Int J Hematol 2022; 116:528-533. [PMID: 35675023 PMCID: PMC9174919 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-022-03390-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Factor XII (FXII) deficiency is an interesting condition that causes prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time without bleeding diathesis. FXII may be not important in hemostasis, but still plays roles in thrombosis and inflammation. In order to raise clinical awareness about this condition, we studied patients with severe FXII deficiency and their relatives. Methods Consecutive severely FXII deficient patients presenting from 1995 to 2020 were recruited from two medical centers in Taiwan. Index patients and their families were tested for FXII function, antigen and F12 gene. F12 variants were constructed into the pIRES-hrGFP vector and expressed on human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293T). FXII antigen and activity were analyzed. Results We found five severely FXII deficient patients, three women and two men, aged 44–71 years. FXII antigen results ranged from undetectable to 43.7%. Three different mutations were identified: c.1681C>A (p.Gly542Ser), c.1561G>A (p.Glu502Lys), and a novel mutation c.1556T>A (p.Leu500Gln). HEK293T cells expressed consistently low FXII activity with all mutations. FXII antigen expression was similar to the wild type in c.1681C>A (p.Gly542Ser), but reduced in c.1556T>A (p.Leu500Gln) and c.1561G>A (p.Glu502Lys). Conclusions We report five unrelated patients with severe FXII deficiency, one of whom carried a novel, cross-reacting material negative mutation c.1556T>A (p.Leu500Gln).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Chieh Chou
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yeh Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, 135 Nan-Hsiao Street, Changhua, 500, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Yu Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, 135 Nan-Hsiao Street, Changhua, 500, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hsueh Pai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ye Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Su-Feng Kuo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Shiou Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Po-Te Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, 135 Nan-Hsiao Street, Changhua, 500, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hua Hung
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Ni Hsieh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, 135 Nan-Hsiao Street, Changhua, 500, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Chun Liu
- Department of Medical Research, E-DA Hospital/I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ching Shen
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, 135 Nan-Hsiao Street, Changhua, 500, Taiwan.
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9
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Truong TK, Malik RA, Yao X, Fredenburgh JC, Stafford AR, Madarati HM, Kretz CA, Weitz JI. Identification of the histidine-rich glycoprotein domains responsible for contact pathway inhibition. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:821-832. [PMID: 34967109 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, we showed that histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) binds factor (F) XIIa with high affinity, inhibits FXII autoactivation and FXIIa-mediated activation of FXI, and attenuates ferric chloride-induced arterial thrombosis in mice. Therefore, HRG downregulates the contact pathway in vitro and in vivo. OBJECTIVE To identify the domains on HRG responsible for contact pathway inhibition. METHODS Recombinant HRG domain constructs (N-terminal [N1, N2, and N1N2], proline-rich regions, histidine-rich region [HRR], and C-terminal) were expressed and purified. The affinities of plasma-derived HRG, HRG domain constructs, and synthetic HRR peptides for FXII, FXIIa, β-FXIIa, and polyphosphate (polyP) were determined using surface plasmon resonance, and their effects on polyP-induced FXII autoactivation, FXIIa-mediated activation of FXI and prekallikrein, the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and thrombin generation were examined. RESULTS HRG and HRG domain constructs bind FXIIa, but not FXII or β-FXII. HRR, N1, and N1N2 bind FXIIa with affinities comparable with that of HRG, whereas the remaining domains bind with lower affinity. Synthetic HRR peptides bind FXIIa and polyP with high affinity. HRG and HRR significantly inhibit FXII autoactivation and prolong the APTT. Like HRG, synthetic HRR peptides inhibit FXII autoactivation, attenuate FXIIa-mediated activation of prekallikrein and FXI, prolong the APTT, and attenuate thrombin generation. CONCLUSION The interaction of HRG with FXIIa and polyP is predominantly mediated by the HRR domain. Like intact HRG, HRR downregulates the contact pathway and contributes to HRG-mediated down regulation of coagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy K Truong
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rida A Malik
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xintong Yao
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - James C Fredenburgh
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alan R Stafford
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hasam M Madarati
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Colin A Kretz
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeffrey I Weitz
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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10
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Fijen LM, Levi M. Prophylaxis with anti-activated factor XII for hereditary angioedema. Lancet 2022; 399:889-890. [PMID: 35219374 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)02436-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauré M Fijen
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Marcel Levi
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
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11
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Abstract
Blood coagulation is essential to maintain the integrity of a closed circulatory system (hemostasis), but also contributes to thromboembolic occlusion of vessels (thrombosis). Thrombosis may cause deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction, peripheral artery disease, and ischemic stroke, collectively the most common causes of death and disability in the developed world. Treatment for the prevention of thromboembolic diseases using anticoagulants such as heparin, coumarins, thrombin inhibitors, or antiplatelet drugs increase the risk of bleeding and are associated with an increase in potentially life-threatening hemorrhage, partially offsetting the benefits of reduced coagulation. Thus, drug development aiming at novel targets is needed to provide efficient and safe anticoagulation. Within the last decade, experimental and preclinical data have shown that some coagulation mechanisms principally differ in thrombosis and hemostasis. The plasma contact system protein factors XII and XI, high-molecular-weight kininogen, and plasma kallikrein specifically contribute to thrombosis, however, have minor, if any, role in hemostatic coagulation mechanisms. Inherited deficiency in contact system proteins is not associated with increased bleeding in humans and animal models. Therefore, targeting contact system proteins provides the exciting opportunity to interfere specifically with thromboembolic diseases without increasing the bleeding risk. Recent studies that investigated pharmacologic inhibition of contact system proteins have shown that this approach provides efficient and safe thrombo-protection that in contrast to classical anticoagulants is not associated with increased bleeding risk. This review summarizes therapeutic and conceptual developments for selective interference with pathological thrombus formation, while sparing physiologic hemostasis, that enables safe anticoagulation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiner K Mailer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Piotr Kuta
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Renné
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany.,Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
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12
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Nagashima S, Dutra AA, Arantes MP, Zeni RC, Klein CK, de Oliveira FC, Piper GW, Brenny ID, Pereira MRC, Stocco RB, Martins APC, de Castro EM, Vaz de Paula CB, Amaral ANM, Machado-Souza C, Baena CP, Noronha L. COVID-19 and Lung Mast Cells: The Kallikrein-Kinin Activation Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1714. [PMID: 35163636 PMCID: PMC8836064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) have relevant participation in inflammatory and vascular hyperpermeability events, responsible for the action of the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS), that affect patients inflicted by the severe form of COVID-19. Given a higher number of activated MCs present in COVID-19 patients and their association with vascular hyperpermeability events, we investigated the factors that lead to the activation and degranulation of these cells and their harmful effects on the alveolar septum environment provided by the action of its mediators. Therefore, the pyroptotic processes throughout caspase-1 (CASP-1) and alarmin interleukin-33 (IL-33) secretion were investigated, along with the immunoexpression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), bradykinin receptor B1 (B1R) and bradykinin receptor B2 (B2R) on post-mortem lung samples from 24 patients affected by COVID-19. The results were compared to 10 patients affected by H1N1pdm09 and 11 control patients. As a result of the inflammatory processes induced by SARS-CoV-2, the activation by immunoglobulin E (IgE) and degranulation of tryptase, as well as Toluidine Blue metachromatic (TB)-stained MCs of the interstitial and perivascular regions of the same groups were also counted. An increased immunoexpression of the tissue biomarkers CASP-1, IL-33, ACE2, B1R and B2R was observed in the alveolar septum of the COVID-19 patients, associated with a higher density of IgE+ MCs, tryptase+ MCs and TB-stained MCs, in addition to the presence of intra-alveolar edema. These findings suggest the direct correlation of MCs with vascular hyperpermeability, edema and diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) events that affect patients with a severe form of this disease. The role of KKS activation in events involving the exacerbated increase in vascular permeability and its direct link with the conditions that precede intra-alveolar edema, and the consequent DAD, is evidenced. Therapy with drugs that inhibit the activation/degranulation of MCs can prevent the worsening of the prognosis and provide a better outcome for the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seigo Nagashima
- Postgraduate Program of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba 80910-215, Brazil; (A.A.D.); (M.P.A.); (R.C.Z.); (C.K.K.); (F.C.d.O.); (G.W.P.); (I.D.B.); (M.R.C.P.); (R.B.S.); (A.P.C.M.); (C.B.V.d.P.); (A.N.M.A.); (C.P.B.)
| | - Anderson Azevedo Dutra
- Postgraduate Program of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba 80910-215, Brazil; (A.A.D.); (M.P.A.); (R.C.Z.); (C.K.K.); (F.C.d.O.); (G.W.P.); (I.D.B.); (M.R.C.P.); (R.B.S.); (A.P.C.M.); (C.B.V.d.P.); (A.N.M.A.); (C.P.B.)
| | - Mayara Pezzini Arantes
- Postgraduate Program of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba 80910-215, Brazil; (A.A.D.); (M.P.A.); (R.C.Z.); (C.K.K.); (F.C.d.O.); (G.W.P.); (I.D.B.); (M.R.C.P.); (R.B.S.); (A.P.C.M.); (C.B.V.d.P.); (A.N.M.A.); (C.P.B.)
| | - Rafaela Chiuco Zeni
- Postgraduate Program of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba 80910-215, Brazil; (A.A.D.); (M.P.A.); (R.C.Z.); (C.K.K.); (F.C.d.O.); (G.W.P.); (I.D.B.); (M.R.C.P.); (R.B.S.); (A.P.C.M.); (C.B.V.d.P.); (A.N.M.A.); (C.P.B.)
| | - Carolline Konzen Klein
- Postgraduate Program of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba 80910-215, Brazil; (A.A.D.); (M.P.A.); (R.C.Z.); (C.K.K.); (F.C.d.O.); (G.W.P.); (I.D.B.); (M.R.C.P.); (R.B.S.); (A.P.C.M.); (C.B.V.d.P.); (A.N.M.A.); (C.P.B.)
| | - Flávia Centenaro de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba 80910-215, Brazil; (A.A.D.); (M.P.A.); (R.C.Z.); (C.K.K.); (F.C.d.O.); (G.W.P.); (I.D.B.); (M.R.C.P.); (R.B.S.); (A.P.C.M.); (C.B.V.d.P.); (A.N.M.A.); (C.P.B.)
| | - Giulia Werner Piper
- Postgraduate Program of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba 80910-215, Brazil; (A.A.D.); (M.P.A.); (R.C.Z.); (C.K.K.); (F.C.d.O.); (G.W.P.); (I.D.B.); (M.R.C.P.); (R.B.S.); (A.P.C.M.); (C.B.V.d.P.); (A.N.M.A.); (C.P.B.)
| | - Isadora Drews Brenny
- Postgraduate Program of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba 80910-215, Brazil; (A.A.D.); (M.P.A.); (R.C.Z.); (C.K.K.); (F.C.d.O.); (G.W.P.); (I.D.B.); (M.R.C.P.); (R.B.S.); (A.P.C.M.); (C.B.V.d.P.); (A.N.M.A.); (C.P.B.)
| | - Marcos Roberto Curcio Pereira
- Postgraduate Program of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba 80910-215, Brazil; (A.A.D.); (M.P.A.); (R.C.Z.); (C.K.K.); (F.C.d.O.); (G.W.P.); (I.D.B.); (M.R.C.P.); (R.B.S.); (A.P.C.M.); (C.B.V.d.P.); (A.N.M.A.); (C.P.B.)
| | - Rebecca Benicio Stocco
- Postgraduate Program of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba 80910-215, Brazil; (A.A.D.); (M.P.A.); (R.C.Z.); (C.K.K.); (F.C.d.O.); (G.W.P.); (I.D.B.); (M.R.C.P.); (R.B.S.); (A.P.C.M.); (C.B.V.d.P.); (A.N.M.A.); (C.P.B.)
| | - Ana Paula Camargo Martins
- Postgraduate Program of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba 80910-215, Brazil; (A.A.D.); (M.P.A.); (R.C.Z.); (C.K.K.); (F.C.d.O.); (G.W.P.); (I.D.B.); (M.R.C.P.); (R.B.S.); (A.P.C.M.); (C.B.V.d.P.); (A.N.M.A.); (C.P.B.)
| | - Eduardo Morais de Castro
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology Applied in Health of Children and Adolescent, Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80250-060, Brazil; (E.M.d.C.); (C.M.-S.)
| | - Caroline Busatta Vaz de Paula
- Postgraduate Program of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba 80910-215, Brazil; (A.A.D.); (M.P.A.); (R.C.Z.); (C.K.K.); (F.C.d.O.); (G.W.P.); (I.D.B.); (M.R.C.P.); (R.B.S.); (A.P.C.M.); (C.B.V.d.P.); (A.N.M.A.); (C.P.B.)
| | - Andréa Novaes Moreno Amaral
- Postgraduate Program of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba 80910-215, Brazil; (A.A.D.); (M.P.A.); (R.C.Z.); (C.K.K.); (F.C.d.O.); (G.W.P.); (I.D.B.); (M.R.C.P.); (R.B.S.); (A.P.C.M.); (C.B.V.d.P.); (A.N.M.A.); (C.P.B.)
| | - Cleber Machado-Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology Applied in Health of Children and Adolescent, Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80250-060, Brazil; (E.M.d.C.); (C.M.-S.)
| | - Cristina Pellegrino Baena
- Postgraduate Program of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba 80910-215, Brazil; (A.A.D.); (M.P.A.); (R.C.Z.); (C.K.K.); (F.C.d.O.); (G.W.P.); (I.D.B.); (M.R.C.P.); (R.B.S.); (A.P.C.M.); (C.B.V.d.P.); (A.N.M.A.); (C.P.B.)
- Marcelino Champagnat Hospital, Curitiba 80020-110, Brazil
| | - Lucia Noronha
- Postgraduate Program of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba 80910-215, Brazil; (A.A.D.); (M.P.A.); (R.C.Z.); (C.K.K.); (F.C.d.O.); (G.W.P.); (I.D.B.); (M.R.C.P.); (R.B.S.); (A.P.C.M.); (C.B.V.d.P.); (A.N.M.A.); (C.P.B.)
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Li X, Guo T, Feng Q, Bai T, Wu L, Liu Y, Zheng X, Jia J, Pei J, Wu S, Song Y, Zhang Y. Progress of thrombus formation and research on the structure-activity relationship for antithrombotic drugs. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 228:114035. [PMID: 34902735 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.114035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Many populations suffer from thrombotic disorders such as stroke, myocardial infarction, unstable angina and thromboembolic disease. Thrombus is one of the major threatening factors to human health and the prevalence of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases induced by thrombus is growing worldwide, even some persons got rare and severe blood clots after receiving the AstraZeneca COVID vaccine unexpectedly. In terms of mechanism of thrombosis, antithrombotic drugs have been divided into three categories including anticoagulants, platelet inhibitors and fibrinolytics. Nowadays, a large number of new compounds possessing antithrombotic activities are emerging in an effort to remove the inevitable drawbacks of previously approved drugs such as the high risk of bleeding, a slow onset of action and a narrow therapeutic window. In this review, we describe the causes and mechanisms of thrombus formation firstly, and then summarize these reported active compounds as potential antithrombotic candidates based on their respective mechanism, hoping to promote the development of more effective bioactive molecules for treating thrombotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoan Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China; Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Tiantian Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Qian Feng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Tiantian Bai
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yubo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Xu Zheng
- Shaanxi Institute for Food and Drug, Xi'an, 710000, China
| | - Jianzhong Jia
- Shaanxi Institute for Food and Drug, Xi'an, 710000, China
| | - Jin Pei
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Shaoping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.
| | - Yiming Song
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China.
| | - Yongmin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China; Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
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14
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Biomaterial and cellular implants:foreign surfaces where immunity and coagulation meet. Blood 2021; 139:1987-1998. [PMID: 34415324 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020007209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure of blood to a foreign surface in the form of a diagnostic or therapeutic biomaterial device or implanted cells or tissues, elicits an immediate, evolutionarily conserved thrombo-inflammatory response by the host. Primarily designed to protect against invading organisms following an injury, this innate response features instantaneous activation of several blood-borne, highly interactive and well-orchestrated cascades and cellular events that limit bleeding, destroy and eliminate the foreign substance/cells, and promote healing and a return to homeostasis via delicately balanced regenerative processes. In the setting of blood-contacting synthetic or natural biomaterials and implantation of foreign cells/tissues, innate responses are robust, albeit highly context-specific. Unfortunately, they tend to be less than adequately regulated by the host's natural anti-coagulant/anti-inflammatory pathways, thereby jeopardizing the functional integrity of the device, as well as the health of the host. Strategies to achieve biocompatibility with a sustained return to homeostasis, particularly while the device remains in situ and functional, continue to elude scientists and clinicians. In this review, some of the complex mechanisms by which biomaterials and cellular transplants provide a "hub" for activation and amplification of coagulation and immunity - thrombo-inflammation - will be discussed, with a view toward the development of innovative means of overcoming the innate challenges.
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15
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Rangaswamy C, Mailer RK, Englert H, Konrath S, Renné T. The contact system in liver injury. Semin Immunopathol 2021; 43:507-517. [PMID: 34125270 PMCID: PMC8202222 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-021-00876-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Coagulation is controlled by a delicate balance of prothrombotic and antithrombotic mechanisms, to prevent both excessive blood loss from injured vessels and pathologic thrombosis. The liver plays a pivotal role in hemostasis through the synthesis of plasma coagulation factors and their inhibitors that, in addition to thrombosis and hemostasis, orchestrates an array of inflammatory responses. As a result, impaired liver function has been linked with both hypercoagulability and bleeding disorders due to a pathologic balance of pro- and anticoagulant plasma factors. At sites of vascular injury, thrombus propagation that finally may occlude the blood vessel depends on negatively charged biopolymers, such as polyphosphates and extracellular DNA, that provide a physiological surface for contact activation of coagulation factor XII (FXII). FXII initiates the contact system that drives both the intrinsic pathway of coagulation, and formation of the inflammatory mediator bradykinin by the kallikrein–kinin system. Moreover, FXII facilitates receptor-mediated signalling, thereby promoting mitogenic activities, angiogenesis, and neutrophil stimulation with implications for liver diseases. Here, we summarize current knowledge on the FXII-driven contact system in liver diseases and review therapeutic approaches to target its activities during impaired liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandini Rangaswamy
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (O26), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Reiner K Mailer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (O26), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hanna Englert
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (O26), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Konrath
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (O26), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Renné
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (O26), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany.
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16
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Singh PK, Badimon A, Chen Z, Strickland S, Norris EH. The contact activation system and vascular factors as alternative targets for Alzheimer's disease therapy. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2021; 5:e12504. [PMID: 33977208 PMCID: PMC8105157 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease, affecting millions of people worldwide. Extracellular beta-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tau tangles are classical hallmarks of AD pathology and thus are the prime targets for AD therapeutics. However, approaches to slow or stop AD progression and dementia by reducing Aβ production, neutralizing toxic Aβ aggregates, or inhibiting tau aggregation have been largely unsuccessful in clinical trials. The contribution of dysregulated vascular components and inflammation is evident in AD pathology. Vascular changes are detectable early in AD progression, so treatment of vascular defects along with anti-Aβ/tau therapy could be a successful combination therapeutic strategy for this disease. Here, we explain how vascular dysfunction mechanistically contributes to thrombosis as well as inflammation and neurodegeneration in AD pathogenesis. This review provides evidence that addressing vascular dysfunction in people with AD could be a promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep K. Singh
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and GeneticsThe Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Ana Badimon
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and GeneticsThe Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Zu‐Lin Chen
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and GeneticsThe Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Sidney Strickland
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and GeneticsThe Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Erin H. Norris
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and GeneticsThe Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
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Székács B, Várbíró S, Debreczeni L. High-dose ACEi might be harmful in COVID-19 patients with serious respiratory distress syndrome by leading to excessive bradykinin receptor activation. Physiol Int 2021. [PMID: 33764894 DOI: 10.1556/2060.2021.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to critically review the available information on the potential contribution of excessive kallikrein-kinin systems (KKSs) activation to severe respiratory inflammation in SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the likely consequence of ACE inhibition in seriously affected patients. METHODS The literature related to the above topic was reviewed including papers that analysed the connections, actions, interactions, consequences and occasionally suggestions for rational interventions. RESULTS/CONCLUSION Severe broncho-alveolar inflammation seems to be caused, at least in part, by upregulation of the KKS that increases plasma and/or local tissue concentrations of bradykinin (BK) in patients with COVID-19 infection. Besides KKS activation, suppression of ACE activity results in decreased bradykinin degradation, and these changes in concert can lead to excessive BK B1 and B2 receptor (BKB1R/BKB2R) activation. Aminopeptidase P (APP), and carboxypeptidase N also degrade bradykinin, but their protein expression and activity are unclear in COVID-19 infection. On the other hand, ACE2 expression is upregulated in patients with COVID-19 infection, so ACE2 activity is unlikely to be decreased despite blockade of part of ACE2 by the virus for entry into the cells. ACE2 cleaves lys-des-arginine9BK and arg-des-arginine9BK, the active metabolites of bradykinin, which stimulate the BKB1R receptor. Stimulation of BKB1R/BKB2R can exacerbate the pulmonary inflammatory response by causing vascular leakage and edema, vasodilation, smooth muscle spasm and stimulation of pain afferent nerves. Despite all uncertainties, it seems rational to treat comorbid COVID patients with serious respiratory distress syndrome with ARBs instead of high-dose ACE inhibitor (ACEi) that will further decrease bradykinin degradation and enhance BKB1R/BKB2R activation, but ACEi may not be contraindicated in patients with mild pulmonary symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Székács
- 1Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Geriatrics Section, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- 2Department of Geriatrics and Gerontopsychiatry, Szent Imre University Teaching Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - S Várbíró
- 3Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - L Debreczeni
- 4Department of Central Laboratory, Szent Imre University Teaching Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
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Participation of the coagulation system and fibrinolysis as well as selected biomarkers in pathogenesis of chronic urticaria with various activity degree. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2020; 37:608-612. [PMID: 32994787 PMCID: PMC7507151 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2020.98270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chronic urticaria is a complex disease process in which chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) and chronic inducible urticaria are distinguished. Its etiopathogenesis still remains unknown. Some recent studies indicated a significant participation of vitamin D in the etiopathogenesis of urticaria. In 40–50% of patients with CSU on the basis of the positive result of the autologous serum skin test (ASST), autoimmunological background of the disease is diagnosed. Moreover, numerous test results confirm involvement of the coagulation system/fibrinolysis and non-infectious inflammatory factors in the pathophysiology of CSU. Aim To determine whether some factors may play a role in pathogenesis and contribute to the severity of chronic spontaneous urticaria. Material and methods One hundred and forty-two patients with diagnosed CSU were enrolled in the study. The activity of urticaria was assessed using the UAS-7 (Urticaria Activity Score). The study participants were divided into 4 groups depending on the UAS-7. ASST was performed and blood was collected to determine the biomarkers (CRP, vitamin D, D-dimers, fibrinogen, MPV, PLT). Results Statistical analysis was performed using Statistica 13. A statistically significant difference between groups with various activity of urticaria in D-dimer concentration average values (p < 0.05) was observed. Moreover, a statistically significant negative correlation between activity of urticaria and vitamin D concentration (p < 0.001) was noted. Conclusions Our results might support the possible involvement of both coagulation and fibrinolysis pathway and vitamin D in the urticaria pathomechanism. Further prospective studies in larger populations conducted at multiple centres are required to expand further our findings.
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Sparkenbaugh EM, Kasztan M, Henderson MW, Ellsworth P, Davis PR, Wilson KJ, Reeves B, Key NS, Strickland S, McCrae K, Pollock DM, Pawlinski R. High molecular weight kininogen contributes to early mortality and kidney dysfunction in a mouse model of sickle cell disease. J Thromb Haemost 2020; 18:2329-2340. [PMID: 32573897 PMCID: PMC8043232 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sickle cell disease (SCD) is characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia, vaso-occlusive crises, chronic inflammation, and activation of coagulation. The clinical complications such as painful crisis, stroke, pulmonary hypertension, nephropathy and venous thromboembolism lead to cumulative organ damage and premature death. High molecular weight kininogen (HK) is a central cofactor for the kallikrein-kinin and intrinsic coagulation pathways, which contributes to both coagulation and inflammation. OBJECTIVE We hypothesize that HK contributes to the hypercoagulable and pro-inflammatory state that causes end-organ damage and early mortality in sickle mice. METHODS We evaluated the role of HK in the Townes mouse model of SCD. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS We found elevated plasma levels of cleaved HK in sickle patients compared to healthy controls, suggesting ongoing HK activation in SCD. We used bone marrow transplantation to generate wild type and sickle cell mice on a HK-deficient background. We found that short-term HK deficiency attenuated thrombin generation and inflammation in sickle mice at steady state, which was independent of bradykinin signaling. Moreover, long-term HK deficiency attenuates kidney injury, reduces chronic inflammation, and ultimately improves survival of sickle mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica M. Sparkenbaugh
- UNC Blood Research Center, Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Malgorzata Kasztan
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Michael W. Henderson
- UNC Blood Research Center, Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Patrick Ellsworth
- UNC Blood Research Center, Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Parker Ross Davis
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kathryn J. Wilson
- UNC Blood Research Center, Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Brandi Reeves
- UNC Blood Research Center, Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nigel S. Key
- UNC Blood Research Center, Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sidney Strickland
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Keith McCrae
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - David M. Pollock
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Rafal Pawlinski
- UNC Blood Research Center, Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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20
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Wallisch M, Lorentz CU, Lakshmanan HHS, Johnson J, Carris MR, Puy C, Gailani D, Hinds MT, McCarty OJT, Gruber A, Tucker EI. Antibody inhibition of contact factor XII reduces platelet deposition in a model of extracorporeal membrane oxygenator perfusion in nonhuman primates. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2020; 4:205-216. [PMID: 32110750 PMCID: PMC7040549 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The contact factor XII (FXII) activates upon contact with a variety of charged surfaces. Activated FXII (FXIIa) activates factor XI, which activates factor IX, resulting in thrombin generation, platelet activation, and fibrin formation. In both in vitro and in vivo rabbit models, components of medical devices, including extracorporeal oxygenators, are known to incite fibrin formation in a FXII-dependent manner. Since FXII has no known role in hemostasis and its inhibition is therefore likely a safe antithrombotic approach, we investigated whether FXII inhibition also reduces accumulation of platelets in extracorporeal oxygenators. OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine the effect of FXII inhibition on platelet deposition in perfused extracorporeal membrane oxygenators in nonhuman primates. METHODS A potent FXII neutralizing monoclonal antibody, 5C12, was administered intravenously to block contact activation in baboons. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenators were temporarily deployed into chronic arteriovenous access shunts. Radiolabeled platelet deposition in oxygenators was quantified in real time using gamma camera imaging. Biochemical assays were performed to characterize the method of action of 5C12. RESULTS The anti-FXII monoclonal antibody 5C12 recognized both the alpha and beta forms of human and baboon FXII by binding to the protease-containing domain, and inhibited FXIIa activity. Administration of 5C12 to baboons reduced platelet deposition and fibrin formation in the extracorporeal membrane oxygenators, in both the presence and absence of systemic low-dose unfractionated heparin. The antiplatelet dose of 5C12 did not cause measurable increases in template bleeding times in baboons. CONCLUSIONS FXII represents a possible therapeutic and safe target for reducing platelet deposition and fibrin formation during medical interventions including extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wallisch
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
- Aronora, Inc.PortlandORUSA
| | - Christina U. Lorentz
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
- Aronora, Inc.PortlandORUSA
| | | | - Jennifer Johnson
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Marschelle R. Carris
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
- Aronora, Inc.PortlandORUSA
| | - Cristina Puy
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - David Gailani
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and ImmunologyVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Monica T. Hinds
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Owen J. T. McCarty
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
- Division of Hematology & Medical OncologyDepartment of MedicineOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - András Gruber
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
- Aronora, Inc.PortlandORUSA
- Division of Hematology & Medical OncologyDepartment of MedicineOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Erik I. Tucker
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
- Aronora, Inc.PortlandORUSA
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21
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Ayres LS, Berger M, Durli ICLDO, Kuhl CP, Terraciano PB, Garcez TNA, Dos Santos BG, Guimarães JA, Passos EP, Cirne-Lima EO. Kallikrein-kinin system and oxidative stress in cisplatin-induced ovarian toxicity. Reprod Toxicol 2019; 93:1-9. [PMID: 31874189 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) is involved in vascular reactivity and inflammatory response to cytotoxic drugs. Since cisplatin is a widely used chemotherapy and its cytotoxic mechanism can trigger inflammation and oxidative damage, in this work we evaluated the role of KKS in an animal model of cisplatin-induced ovarian toxicity. Biomarkers of ovarian stem cells, activity of KKS, inflammation and oxidative damage were measured in ovarian tissue of C57BL/6 female mice treated with vehicle or cisplatin (2.5 mg/kg). Cisplatin group presented greater number of atretic follicles, and lower numbers of antral and total viable follicles. Ki67, DDX4 and OCT-4 markers were similar between groups. Cisplatin triggered plasma and ovarian tissue kallikrein generation; and increased expression of bradykinin receptors B1 and B2. Neutrophil and macrophage infiltration markers increased. Superoxide anion generation also increased, while reduced glutathione levels decreased. These results suggest that KKS is activated and contributes to ovarian injury during cisplatin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Silveira Ayres
- Laboratório de Embriologia e Diferenciação Celular, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Santa Cecília, 90035-903, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos, 2400, 90035003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Markus Berger
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Farmacológica, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Santa Cecília, 90035-903, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos, 2400, 90035003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Isabel Cirne Lima de Oliveira Durli
- Laboratório de Embriologia e Diferenciação Celular, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Santa Cecília, 90035-903, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos, 2400, 90035003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Cristiana Palma Kuhl
- Laboratório de Embriologia e Diferenciação Celular, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Santa Cecília, 90035-903, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos, 2400, 90035003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Paula Barros Terraciano
- Laboratório de Embriologia e Diferenciação Celular, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Santa Cecília, 90035-903, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos, 2400, 90035003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Tuane Nerissa Alves Garcez
- Unidade de Experimentação Animal, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Santa Cecília, 90035-903, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Gomes Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Embriologia e Diferenciação Celular, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Santa Cecília, 90035-903, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Jorge Almeida Guimarães
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Farmacológica, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Santa Cecília, 90035-903, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Campus do Vale - Building 43421, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Pandolfi Passos
- Laboratório de Embriologia e Diferenciação Celular, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Santa Cecília, 90035-903, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos, 2400, 90035003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Elizabeth Obino Cirne-Lima
- Laboratório de Embriologia e Diferenciação Celular, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Santa Cecília, 90035-903, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos, 2400, 90035003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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22
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Winter WE, Greene DN, Beal SG, Isom JA, Manning H, Wilkerson G, Harris N. Clotting factors: Clinical biochemistry and their roles as plasma enzymes. Adv Clin Chem 2019; 94:31-84. [PMID: 31952574 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to describe structure and function of the multiple proteins of the coagulation system and their subcomponent domains. Coagulation is the process by which flowing liquid blood plasma is converted to a soft, viscous gel entrapping the cellular components of blood including red cells and platelets and thereby preventing extravasation of blood. This process is triggered by the minimal proteolysis of plasma fibrinogen. This transforms the latter to sticky fibrin monomers which polymerize into a network. The proteolysis of fibrinogen is a function of the trypsin-like enzyme termed thrombin. Thrombin in turn is activated by a cascade of trypsin-like enzymes that we term coagulation factors. In this review we examine the mechanics of the coagulation cascade with a view to the structure-function relationships of the proteins. We also note that two of the factors have no trypsin like protease domain but are essential cofactors or catalysts for the proteases. This review does not discuss the major role of platelets except to highlight their membrane function with respect to the factors. Coagulation testing is a major part of routine diagnostic clinical pathology. Testing is performed on specimens from individuals either with bleeding or with thrombotic disorders and those on anticoagulant medications. We examine the basic in-vitro laboratory coagulation tests and review the literature comparing the in vitro and in vivo processes. In vitro clinical testing typically utilizes plasma specimens and non-physiological or supraphysiological activators. Because the review focuses on coagulation factor structure, a brief overview of the evolutionary origins of the coagulation system is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E Winter
- University of Florida, Department of Pathology, Immunology & Laboratory Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Dina N Greene
- Laboratory Services, Kaiser Permanente, Renton, WA, United States
| | - Stacy G Beal
- University of Florida, Department of Pathology, Immunology & Laboratory Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - James A Isom
- University of Florida, Department of Pathology, Immunology & Laboratory Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | | | | | - Neil Harris
- University of Florida, Department of Pathology, Immunology & Laboratory Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States.
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23
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Renné T, Stavrou EX. Roles of Factor XII in Innate Immunity. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2011. [PMID: 31507606 PMCID: PMC6713930 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Factor XII (FXII) is the zymogen of serine protease, factor XIIa (FXIIa). FXIIa enzymatic activities have been extensively studied and FXIIa inhibition is emerging as a promising target to treat or prevent thrombosis without creating a hemostatic defect. FXII and plasma prekallikrein reciprocally activate each other and result in liberation of bradykinin. Due to its unique structure among coagulation factors, FXII exerts mitogenic activity in endothelial and smooth muscle cells, indicating that zymogen FXII has activities independent of its protease function. A growing body of evidence has revealed that both FXII and FXIIa upregulate neutrophil functions, contribute to macrophage polarization and induce T-cell differentiation. In vivo, these signaling activities contribute to host defense against pathogens, mediate the development of neuroinflammation, influence wound repair and may facilitate cancer maintenance and progression. Here, we review the roles of FXII in innate immunity as they relate to non-sterile and sterile immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Renné
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Evi X Stavrou
- Section of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Administration Medical Center, VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Hematology and Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
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24
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Perego F, Wu MA, Valerieva A, Caccia S, Suffritti C, Zanichelli A, Bergamaschini L, Cicardi M. Current and emerging biologics for the treatment of hereditary angioedema. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2019; 19:517-526. [DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2019.1595581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maddalena A. Wu
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco, University of Milan, Milan,
Italy
- ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan,
Italy
| | - Anna Valerieva
- Clinical Centre of Allergology, University Hospital “Alexandrovska”, Medical University of Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Sonia Caccia
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco, University of Milan, Milan,
Italy
| | - Chiara Suffritti
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco, University of Milan, Milan,
Italy
| | - Andrea Zanichelli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco, University of Milan, Milan,
Italy
- ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan,
Italy
| | - Luigi Bergamaschini
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco, University of Milan, Milan,
Italy
- Pio Albergo Trivulzio, Milan,
Italy
| | - Marco Cicardi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco, University of Milan, Milan,
Italy
- ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan,
Italy
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25
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Abnormal clotting of the intrinsic/contact pathway in Alzheimer disease patients is related to cognitive ability. Blood Adv 2019; 2:954-963. [PMID: 29700007 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018017798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by extracellular β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition. Although peripheral inflammation and cerebrovascular pathology are reported in AD, there is a lack of plasma biomarkers in this field. Because the contact system is triggered in patient plasma, we hypothesized that the hemostasis profile could be a novel biomarker in AD. Here, we assessed the clotting profile in plasma from AD patients and age-matched controls. Utilizing clinically relevant assays, thromboelastography and activated partial thromboplastin time, we found impaired clot initiation and formation rate in AD patient plasma. These coagulation end points correlated with cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament-light levels and cognition and were more profound in younger AD patients. Ex vivo intrinsic clotting of plasma from AD mice expressing human amyloid precursor protein (APP) was also delayed in an age-dependent manner, suggesting that this phenotype is related to APP, the parent protein of Aβ. Further analysis of coagulation factors in human plasma indicated that endogenous inhibitor(s) of factors XII and XI in AD plasma contribute to this delayed clotting. Together, these data suggest that delayed clotting in young AD patients is a novel biomarker and that therapies aimed to correct this phenotype might be beneficial in this patient population. Follow-up studies in additional AD patient cohorts are warranted to further evaluate these findings.
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26
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Berger M, de Moraes JA, Beys-da-Silva WO, Santi L, Terraciano PB, Driemeier D, Cirne-Lima EO, Passos EP, Vieira MAR, Barja-Fidalgo TC, Guimarães JA. Renal and vascular effects of kallikrein inhibition in a model of Lonomia obliqua venom-induced acute kidney injury. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007197. [PMID: 30763408 PMCID: PMC6392336 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lonomia obliqua venom is nephrotoxic and acute kidney injury (AKI) is the main cause of death among envenomed victims. Mechanism underlying L. obliqua-induced AKI involves renal hypoperfusion, inflammation, tubular necrosis and loss of glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption capacities. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the contribution of kallikrein to the hemodynamic instability, inflammation and consequent renal and vascular impairment. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Addition of L. obliqua venom to purified prekallikrein and human plasma in vitro or to vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) in culture, was able to generate kallikrein in a dose-dependent manner. Injected in rats, the venom induced AKI and increased kallikrein levels in plasma and kidney. Kallikrein inhibition by aprotinin prevented glomerular injury and the decrease in glomerular filtration rate, restoring fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. The mechanism underlying these effects was associated to lowering renal inflammation, with decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinase expression, reduced tubular degeneration, and protection against oxidative stress. Supporting the key role of kallikrein, we demonstrated that aprotinin inhibited effects directly associated with vascular injury, such as the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and migration of VSMC induced by L. obliqua venom or by diluted plasma obtained from envenomed rats. In addition, kallikrein inhibition also ameliorated venom-induced blood incoagulability and decreased kidney tissue factor expression. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These data indicated that kallikrein and consequently kinin release have a key role in kidney injury and vascular remodeling. Thus, blocking kallikrein may be a therapeutic alternative to control the progression of venom-induced AKI and vascular disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Berger
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Farmacológica, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA-UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências de Saúde: Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (PPGGO), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - João Alfredo de Moraes
- Laboratório de Biologia REDOX, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, IBRAG, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Walter Orlando Beys-da-Silva
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Farmacológica, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA-UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucélia Santi
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Farmacológica, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA-UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Paula Barros Terraciano
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências de Saúde: Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (PPGGO), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Embriologia e Diferenciação Celular, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA-UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - David Driemeier
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Obino Cirne-Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências de Saúde: Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (PPGGO), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Embriologia e Diferenciação Celular, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA-UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Pandolfi Passos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências de Saúde: Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (PPGGO), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Embriologia e Diferenciação Celular, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA-UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Ribeiro Vieira
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Renal, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Thereza Christina Barja-Fidalgo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, IBRAG, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jorge Almeida Guimarães
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Farmacológica, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA-UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular de Molecular (PPGBCM), Centro de Biotecnologia (Cbiot-UFRGS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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27
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Thromboinflammation: challenges of therapeutically targeting coagulation and other host defense mechanisms. Blood 2019; 133:906-918. [PMID: 30642917 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-11-882993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 395] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombosis with associated inflammation (thromboinflammation) occurs commonly in a broad range of human disorders. It is well recognized clinically in the context of superficial thrombophlebitis (thrombosis and inflammation of superficial veins); however, it is more dangerous when it develops in the microvasculature of injured tissues and organs. Microvascular thrombosis with associated inflammation is well recognized in the context of sepsis and ischemia-reperfusion injury; however, it also occurs in organ transplant rejection, major trauma, severe burns, the antiphospholipid syndrome, preeclampsia, sickle cell disease, and biomaterial-induced thromboinflammation. Central to thromboinflammation is the loss of the normal antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory functions of endothelial cells, leading to dysregulation of coagulation, complement, platelet activation, and leukocyte recruitment in the microvasculature. α-Thrombin plays a critical role in coordinating thrombotic and inflammatory responses and has long been considered an attractive therapeutic target to reduce thromboinflammatory complications. This review focuses on the role of basic aspects of coagulation and α-thrombin in promoting thromboinflammatory responses and discusses insights gained from clinical trials on the effects of various inhibitors of coagulation on thromboinflammatory disorders. Studies in sepsis patients have been particularly informative because, despite using anticoagulant approaches with different pharmacological profiles, which act at distinct points in the coagulation cascade, bleeding complications continue to undermine clinical benefit. Future advances may require the development of therapeutics with primary anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective properties, which have less impact on hemostasis. This may be possible with the growing recognition that components of blood coagulation and platelets have prothrombotic and proinflammatory functions independent of their hemostatic effects.
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28
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Lin L, Xu L, Xiao C, Zhou L, Gao N, Wu M, Zhao J. Plasma contact activation by a fucosylated chondroitin sulfate and its structure–activity relationship study. Glycobiology 2018; 28:754-764. [PMID: 30016441 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lutan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Na Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Mingyi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jinhua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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29
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Sperling C, Fischer M, Maitz MF, Werner C. Neutrophil extracellular trap formation upon exposure of hydrophobic materials to human whole blood causes thrombogenic reactions. Biomater Sci 2018; 5:1998-2008. [PMID: 28745733 DOI: 10.1039/c7bm00458c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, a reaction of the innate immune system to fight pathogens, was shown to be involved in thrombus formation. In the present study blood-contacting biomaterials with graded surface characteristics were investigated as a potential cause of NET formation on medical devices. Surface properties are known to govern protein adsorption, cell adhesion and ultimately the activation of several other host defense pathways - potentially also the formation of NETs. Model materials of defined hydrophilic or hydrophobic properties (glass, and thin films of poly(ethylene-alt-maleic anhydride), self-assembled monolayers of methyl terminated alkanethiols, and Teflon AF™) were incubated either with isolated human granulocytes after pre-adsorption with plasma proteins or with human whole blood. NET formation - detected as extracellular DNA, citrullinated histones, elastase and reactive oxygen species (ROS) - was observed on hydrophobic surfaces. Furthermore, NET formation on the hydrophobic surface Teflon AF™ resulted in elevated thrombin generation in hirudin-anticoagulated whole blood, but not in heparinized whole blood. Disintegration of surface-bound NETs by DNase treatment resulted in significantly lower pro-coagulant effects. Thus, NET formation can contribute to the thrombogenicity of clinically applied hydrophobic materials, suggesting NETosis as well as NET surface anchorage as new targets of anticoagulation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Sperling
- Institute of Biofunctional Polymer Materials, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Dresden, Germany.
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Pathak M, Kaira BG, Slater A, Emsley J. Cell Receptor and Cofactor Interactions of the Contact Activation System and Factor XI. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:66. [PMID: 29619369 PMCID: PMC5871670 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The contact activation system (CAS) or contact pathway is central to the crosstalk between coagulation and inflammation and contributes to diverse disorders affecting the cardiovascular system. CAS initiation contributes to thrombosis but is not required for hemostasis and can trigger plasma coagulation via the intrinsic pathway [through factor XI (FXI)] and inflammation via bradykinin release. Activation of factor XII (FXII) is the principal starting point for the cascade of proteolytic cleavages involving FXI, prekallikrein (PK), and cofactor high molecular weight kininogen (HK) but the precise location and cell receptor interactions controlling these reactions remains unclear. FXII, PK, FXI, and HK utilize key protein domains to mediate binding interactions to cognate cell receptors and diverse ligands, which regulates protease activation. The assembly of contact factors has been demonstrated on the cell membranes of a variety of cell types and microorganisms. The cooperation between the contact factors and endothelial cells, platelets, and leukocytes contributes to pathways driving thrombosis yet the basis of these interactions and the relationship with activation of the contact factors remains undefined. This review focuses on cell receptor interactions of contact proteins and FXI to develop a cell-based model for the regulation of contact activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Pathak
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Bubacarr Gibril Kaira
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandre Slater
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jonas Emsley
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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31
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Coagulation factor XII in thrombosis and inflammation. Blood 2018; 131:1903-1909. [PMID: 29483100 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-04-569111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Combinations of proinflammatory and procoagulant reactions are the unifying principle for a variety of disorders affecting the cardiovascular system. The factor XII-driven contact system starts coagulation and inflammatory mechanisms via the intrinsic pathway of coagulation and the bradykinin-producing kallikrein-kinin system, respectively. The biochemistry of the contact system in vitro is well understood; however, its in vivo functions are just beginning to emerge. Challenging the concept of the coagulation balance, targeting factor XII or its activator polyphosphate, provides protection from thromboembolic diseases without interfering with hemostasis. This suggests that the polyphosphate/factor XII axis contributes to thrombus formation while being dispensable for hemostatic processes. In contrast to deficiency in factor XII providing safe thromboprotection, excessive FXII activity is associated with the life-threatening inflammatory disorder hereditary angioedema. The current review summarizes recent findings of the polyphosphate/factor XII-driven contact system at the intersection of procoagulant and proinflammatory disease states. Elucidating the contact system offers the exciting opportunity to develop strategies for safe interference with both thrombotic and inflammatory disorders.
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Singh PK, Kawasaki M, Berk-Rauch HE, Nishida G, Yamasaki T, Foley MA, Norris EH, Strickland S, Aso K, Ahn HJ. Aminopyrimidine Class Aggregation Inhibitor Effectively Blocks Aβ-Fibrinogen Interaction and Aβ-Induced Contact System Activation. Biochemistry 2018; 57:1399-1409. [PMID: 29394041 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b01214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that fibrinogen, a key protein in the coagulation cascade, plays an important role in circulatory dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previous work has shown that the interaction between fibrinogen and β-amyloid (Aβ), a hallmark pathological protein in AD, induces plasmin-resistant abnormal blood clots, delays fibrinolysis, increases inflammation, and aggravates cognitive function in mouse models of AD. Since Aβ oligomers have a much stronger affinity for fibrinogen than Aβ monomers, we tested whether amyloid aggregation inhibitors could block the Aβ-fibrinogen interaction and found that some Aβ aggregation inhibitors showed moderate inhibitory efficacy against this interaction. We then modified a hit compound so that it not only showed a strong inhibitory efficacy toward the Aβ-fibrinogen interaction but also retained its potency toward the Aβ42 aggregation inhibition process. Furthermore, our best hit compound, TDI-2760, modulated Aβ42-induced contact system activation, a pathological condition observed in some AD patients, in addition to inhibiting the Aβ-fibrinogen interaction and Aβ aggregation. Thus, TDI-2760 has the potential to lessen vascular abnormalities as well as Aβ aggregation-driven pathology in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep K Singh
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University , New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Masanori Kawasaki
- Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute , New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Hanna E Berk-Rauch
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University , New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Goushi Nishida
- Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute , New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Takeshi Yamasaki
- Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute , New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Michael A Foley
- Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute , New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Erin H Norris
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University , New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Sidney Strickland
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University , New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Kazuyoshi Aso
- Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute , New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Hyung Jin Ahn
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University , New York, New York 10065, United States
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Abstract
The fundamental pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is neuronal dysfunction leading to cognitive impairment. The amyloid-β peptide (Aβ), derived from amyloid precursor protein, is one driver of AD, but how it leads to neuronal dysfunction is not established. In this Review, I discuss the complexity of AD and possible cause-and-effect relationships between Aβ and the vascular and hemostatic systems. AD can be considered a multifactorial syndrome with various contributing pathological mechanisms. Therefore, as is routinely done with cancer, it will be important to classify patients with respect to their disease signature so that specific pathologies, including vascular pathways, can be therapeutically targeted.
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Ahn HJ, Chen ZL, Zamolodchikov D, Norris EH, Strickland S. Interactions of β-amyloid peptide with fibrinogen and coagulation factor XII may contribute to Alzheimer's disease. Curr Opin Hematol 2018; 24:427-431. [PMID: 28661939 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the evidence that the Alzheimer peptide β-amyloid interacts with the blood coagulation system and influences the pathophysiology of the disease. RECENT FINDINGS β-amyloid can interact with fibrinogen and blood coagulation factor XII and trigger ischemia and inflammation. SUMMARY β-amyloid interacts with fibrinogen and factor XII. These interactions can lead to increased clotting, abnormal clot formation, persistent fibrin deposition, and generation of proinflammatory molecules. These events can damage neurons and could contribute to the cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung J Ahn
- aPatricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, Rockefeller University, New York City bRegeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York, USA *Hyung J. Ahn, Zu-Lin Chen, and Daria Zamolodchikov contributed equally to this article
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van Montfoort M, Meijers J. Anticoagulation beyond direct thrombin and factor Xa inhibitors: indications for targeting the intrinsic pathway? Thromb Haemost 2017; 110:223-32. [DOI: 10.1160/th12-11-0803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SummaryAntithrombotic drugs like vitamin K antagonists and heparin have been the gold standard for the treatment and prevention of thromboembolic disease for many years. Unfortunately, there are several disadvantages of these antithrombotic drugs: they are accompanied by serious bleeding problems, it is necessary to monitor the therapeutic window, and there are various interactions with food and other drugs. This has led to the development of new oral anticoagulants, specifically inhibiting either thrombin or factor Xa. In terms of effectiveness, these drugs are comparable to the currently available anticoagulants; however, they are still associated with issues such as bleeding, reversal of the drug and complicated laboratory monitoring. Vitamin K antagonists, heparin, direct thrombin and factor Xa inhibitors have in common that they target key proteins of the haemostatic system. In an attempt to overcome these difficulties we investigated whether the intrinsic coagulation factors (VIII, IX, XI, XII, prekallikrein and high-molecular-weight kininogen) are superior targets for anticoagulation. We analysed epidemiological data concerning thrombosis and bleeding in patients deficient in one of the intrinsic pathway proteins. Furthermore, we discuss several thrombotic models in intrinsic coagulation factor-deficient animals. The combined results suggest that intrinsic coagulation factors could be suitable targets for anticoagulant drugs.
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Bird JE, Smith P, Wang X, Schumacher W, Barbera F, Revelli JP, Seiffert D. Effects of plasma kallikrein deficiency on haemostasis and thrombosis in mice: Murine Ortholog of the Fletcher Trait. Thromb Haemost 2017. [DOI: 10.1160/th11-10-0682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SummaryPlasma kallikrein is a multifunctional serine protease involved in contact activation of coagulation. Deficiency in humans is characterised by prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT); however, the balance between thrombosis and haemostasis is not fully understood. A study of plasma kallikrein-deficient mice revealed increased aPTT, without prolonged bleeding time. Prekallikrein antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) treatment in mice suggested potential for a positive therapeutic index. The current goal was to further define the role of plasma kallikrein in coagulation. Blood pressure and heart rate were normal in plasma kallikrein-deficient mice, and mice were completely protected from occlusion (100 ± 1.3% control flow) in 3.5% FeCl3 -induced arterial thrombosis versus heterozygotes (20 ± 11.4%) and wild-type littermates (8 ± 0%). Vessels occluded in 8/8 wild-type, 7/8 heterozygotes, and 0/8 knockouts. Anti-thrombotic protection was less pronounced in 5% FeCl3-induced arterial injury. Integrated blood flow was 8 ± 0% control in wild-type and heterozygotes, and significantly (p<0.01) improved to 43 ± 14.2% in knockouts. The number of vessels occluded was similar in all genotypes. Thrombus weight was significantly reduced in knockouts (−47%) and heterozygotes (−23%) versus wild-type in oxidative venous thrombosis. Average tail bleeding time increased modestly in knockout mice compared to wild-type. Average renal bleeding times were similar in all genotypes. These studies confirm and extend studies with prekallikrein ASO, and demonstrate that plasma kallikrein deletion prevents occlusive thrombus formation in mice with a minimal role in provoked bleeding. Additional support for the significance of the intrinsic pathway in the coagulation cascade is provided, as well as for a potential new anti-thrombotic approach.
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37
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Björkqvist J, Sala-Cunill A, Renné T. Hereditary angioedema: a bradykinin-mediated swelling disorder. Thromb Haemost 2017; 109:368-74. [DOI: 10.1160/th12-08-0549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SummaryEdema is tissue swelling and is a common symptom in a variety of diseases. Edema form due to accumulation of fluids, either through reduced drainage or increased vascular permeability. There are multiple vascular signalling pathways that regulate vessel permeability. An important mediator that increases vascular leak is the peptide hormone bradykinin, which is the principal agent in the swelling disorder hereditary angioedema. The disease is autosomal dominant inherited and presents clinically with recurrent episodes of acute swelling that can be life-threatening involving the skin, the oropharyngeal, laryngeal, and gastrointestinal mucosa. Three different types of hereditary angiodema exist in patients. The review summarises current knowledge on the pathophysiology of hereditary angiodema and focuses on recent experimental and pharmacological findings that have led to a better understanding and new treatments for the disease.
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38
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Wang PW, Hung YC, Wu TH, Chen MH, Yeh CT, Pan TL. Proteome-based identification of apolipoprotein A-IV as an early diagnostic biomarker in liver fibrosis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:88951-88964. [PMID: 29179490 PMCID: PMC5687660 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis may ultimately result in organ failure and death, a reality compounded by the fact that most drugs for liver fibrosis appear to be effective only if given as a prophylactic or early treatment. In a dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver fibrotic model, aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase levels could not precisely distinguish the differences between the initial stage of liver fibrosis and normal control, whereas histological examination indicated that dimethylnitrosamine treatment for two weeks has resulted in hepatic fibrogenesis. Comprehensive proteomics identified 12 proteins mainly associated with the interleukin 6-stimulated inflammatory pathway. Coordinately, cytokine profiles showed that dimethylnitrosamine administration would stimulate various signaling pathways leading to liver fibrosis. Of note, apolipoprotein A4 in serum samples obtained from patients in the early stage of liver fibrosis were significantly increased compared to the healthy controls (p<0.001) while the area under curve was 0.966. Moreover, increased apolipoprotein A4 significantly enhanced transforming growth factor beta 1-induced alpha smooth muscle actin expression. In this regard, overexpression of apolipoprotein A4 in early stage of liver fibrosis might magnify and imply the progression of hepatic fibrosis. These findings suggest that apolipoprotein A4 upregulation may correlate with hepatic fibrosis staging and that apolipoprotein A4 together with current biomarker can increase the sensitivity and specificity for the early detection of liver fibrosis in a high-throughput manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Wen Wang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Hung
- Department of Chinese Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Ho Wu
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Hong Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Ting Yeh
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Long Pan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine and Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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39
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Benyamin B, Maihofer AX, Schork AJ, Hamilton BA, Rao F, Schmid-Schönbein GW, Zhang K, Mahata M, Stridsberg M, Schork NJ, Biswas N, Hook VY, Wei Z, Montgomery GW, Martin NG, Nievergelt CM, Whitfield JB, O'Connor DT. Identification of novel loci affecting circulating chromogranins and related peptides. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:233-242. [PMID: 28011710 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromogranins are pro-hormone secretory proteins released from neuroendocrine cells, with effects on control of blood pressure. We conducted a genome-wide association study for plasma catestatin, the catecholamine release inhibitory peptide derived from chromogranin A (CHGA), and other CHGA- or chromogranin B (CHGB)-related peptides, in 545 US and 1252 Australian subjects. This identified loci on chromosomes 4q35 and 5q34 affecting catestatin concentration (P = 3.40 × 10-30 for rs4253311 and 1.85 × 10-19 for rs2731672, respectively). Genes in these regions include the proteolytic enzymes kallikrein (KLKB1) and Factor XII (F12). In chromaffin cells, CHGA and KLKB1 proteins co-localized in catecholamine storage granules. In vitro, kallikrein cleaved recombinant human CHGA to catestatin, verified by mass spectrometry. The peptide identified from this digestion (CHGA360-373) selectively inhibited nicotinic cholinergic stimulated catecholamine release from chromaffin cells. A proteolytic cascade involving kallikrein and Factor XII cleaves chromogranins to active compounds both in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beben Benyamin
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Australia.,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mats Stridsberg
- University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA.,Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden and
| | | | | | | | | | - Grant W Montgomery
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - John B Whitfield
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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40
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Stroo I, Zeerleder S, Ding C, Luken BM, Roelofs JJTH, de Boer OJ, Meijers JCM, Castellino FJ, van 't Veer C, van der Poll T. Coagulation factor XI improves host defence during murine pneumonia-derived sepsis independent of factor XII activation. Thromb Haemost 2017; 117:1601-1614. [PMID: 28492700 DOI: 10.1160/th16-12-0920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial pneumonia, the most common cause of sepsis, is associated with activation of coagulation. Factor XI (FXI), the key component of the intrinsic pathway, can be activated via factor XII (FXII), part of the contact system, or via thrombin. To determine whether intrinsic coagulation is involved in host defence during pneumonia and whether this is dependent on FXII activation, we infected in parallel wild-type (WT), FXI knockout (KO) and FXII KO mice with two different clinically relevant pathogens, the Gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae and the Gram-negative bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae, via the airways. FXI deficiency worsened survival and enhanced bacterial outgrowth in both pneumonia models. This was accompanied with enhanced inflammatory responses in FXI KO mice. FXII KO mice were comparable with WT mice in Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia. On the contrary, FXII deficiency improved survival and reduced bacterial outgrowth following infection with Klebsiella pneumoniae. In both pneumonia models, local coagulation was not impaired in either FXI KO or FXII KO mice. The capacity to phagocytose bacteria was impaired in FXI KO neutrophils and in human neutrophils where activation of FXI was inhibited. Deficiency for FXII or blocking activation of FXI via FXIIa had no effect on phagocytosis. Taken together, these data suggest that FXI protects against sepsis derived from Streptococcus pneumoniae or Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia at least in part by enhancing the phagocytic capacity of neutrophils by a mechanism that is independent of activation via FXIIa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Stroo
- Ingrid Stroo, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, G2-1051105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Tel.: +31 20 5666034, E-mail:
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Foley JH, Conway EM. Cross Talk Pathways Between Coagulation and Inflammation. Circ Res 2017; 118:1392-408. [PMID: 27126649 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.306853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 378] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Anatomic pathology studies performed over 150 years ago revealed that excessive activation of coagulation occurs in the setting of inflammation. However, it has taken over a century since these seminal observations were made to delineate the molecular mechanisms by which these systems interact and the extent to which they participate in the pathogenesis of multiple diseases. There is, in fact, extensive cross talk between coagulation and inflammation, whereby activation of one system may amplify activation of the other, a situation that, if unopposed, may result in tissue damage or even multiorgan failure. Characterizing the common triggers and pathways are key for the strategic design of effective therapeutic interventions. In this review, we highlight some of the key molecular interactions, some of which are already showing promise as therapeutic targets for inflammatory and thrombotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H Foley
- From the Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom (J.H.F.); Katharine Dormandy Haemophilia Centre and Thrombosis Unit, Royal Free NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom (J.H.F.); and Centre for Blood Research, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (E.M.C.)
| | - Edward M Conway
- From the Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom (J.H.F.); Katharine Dormandy Haemophilia Centre and Thrombosis Unit, Royal Free NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom (J.H.F.); and Centre for Blood Research, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (E.M.C.).
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Abstract
Although the non-vitamin antagonist oral anticoagulants produce less intracranial bleeding than warfarin, serious bleeding still occurs. Therefore, the search for safer anticoagulants continues. Factor XII and factor XI have emerged as promising targets whose inhibition has the potential to prevent thrombosis with little or no disruption of hemostasis. Thus, thrombosis is attenuated in mice deficient in factor XII or factor XI and patients with congenital factor XII deficiency do not bleed and those with factor XI deficiency rarely have spontaneous bleeding. Strategies targeting factor XII and XI include antisense oligonucleotides to decrease their synthesis, inhibitory antibodies or aptamers, and small molecule inhibitors. These strategies attenuate thrombosis in various animal models and factor XI knockdown with an antisense oligonucleotide in patients undergoing knee replacement surgery reduced postoperative venous thromboembolism to a greater extent than enoxaparin without increasing bleeding. Therefore, current efforts are focused on evaluating the efficacy and safety of factor XII and factor XI directed anticoagulant strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey I Weitz
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada.
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43
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Banerji A, Busse P, Shennak M, Lumry W, Davis-Lorton M, Wedner HJ, Jacobs J, Baker J, Bernstein JA, Lockey R, Li HH, Craig T, Cicardi M, Riedl M, Al-Ghazawi A, Soo C, Iarrobino R, Sexton DJ, TenHoor C, Kenniston JA, Faucette R, Still JG, Kushner H, Mensah R, Stevens C, Biedenkapp JC, Chyung Y, Adelman B. Inhibiting Plasma Kallikrein for Hereditary Angioedema Prophylaxis. N Engl J Med 2017; 376:717-728. [PMID: 28225674 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1605767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary angioedema with C1 inhibitor deficiency is characterized by recurrent, unpredictable swelling episodes caused by uncontrolled plasma kallikrein generation and excessive bradykinin release resulting from cleavage of high-molecular-weight kininogen. Lanadelumab (DX-2930) is a new kallikrein inhibitor with the potential for prophylactic treatment of hereditary angioedema with C1 inhibitor deficiency. METHODS We conducted a phase 1b, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multiple-ascending-dose trial. Patients with hereditary angioedema with C1 inhibitor deficiency were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to receive either lanadelumab (24 patients) or placebo (13 patients), in two administrations 14 days apart. Patients assigned to lanadelumab were enrolled in sequential dose groups: total dose of 30 mg (4 patients), 100 mg (4 patients), 300 mg (5 patients), or 400 mg (11 patients). The pharmacodynamic profile of lanadelumab was assessed by measurement of plasma levels of cleaved high-molecular-weight kininogen, and efficacy was assessed by the rate of attacks of angioedema during a prespecified period (day 8 to day 50) in the 300-mg and 400-mg groups as compared with the placebo group. RESULTS No discontinuations occurred because of adverse events, serious adverse events, or deaths in patients who received lanadelumab. The most common adverse events that emerged during treatment were attacks of angioedema, injection-site pain, and headache. Dose-proportional increases in serum concentrations of lanadelumab were observed; the mean elimination half-life was approximately 2 weeks. Lanadelumab at a dose of 300 mg or 400 mg reduced cleavage of high-molecular-weight kininogen in plasma from patients with hereditary angioedema with C1 inhibitor deficiency to levels approaching that from patients without the disorder. From day 8 to day 50, the 300-mg and 400-mg groups had 100% and 88% fewer attacks, respectively, than the placebo group. All patients in the 300-mg group and 82% (9 of 11) in the 400-mg group were attack-free, as compared with 27% (3 of 11) in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS In this small trial, administration of lanadelumab to patients with hereditary angioedema with C1 inhibitor deficiency reduced cleavage of high-molecular-weight kininogen and attacks of angioedema. (Funded by Dyax; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02093923 .).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleena Banerji
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.B.), Dyax, Burlington (C. Soo, R.I., D.J.S., C.T., J.A.K., R.F., H.K., R.M., C. Stevens, J.C.B., Y.C., B.A.), and ICON Clinical Research, Marlborough (J.G.S.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (P.B.), and Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola (M.D.-L.) - both in New York; Triumpharma, Amman, Jordan (M.S., A.A.-G.); Asthma and Allergy Research Associates, Dallas (W.L.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (H.J.W.); Allergy and Asthma Medical Group, Walnut Creek (J.J.), and the Department of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego (M.R.) - both in California; Baker Allergy, Asthma, and Dermatology, Lake Oswego, OR (J.B.); the Department of Internal Medicine-Allergy Section Cincinnati, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (J.A.B.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (R.L.); the Institute for Asthma and Allergy, Chevy Chase, MD (H.H.L.); the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Penn State Hershey Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, Hershey, PA (T.C.); and the Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Luigi Sacco, University of Milan, and Luigi Sacco Hospital Milan, Milan (M.C.)
| | - Paula Busse
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.B.), Dyax, Burlington (C. Soo, R.I., D.J.S., C.T., J.A.K., R.F., H.K., R.M., C. Stevens, J.C.B., Y.C., B.A.), and ICON Clinical Research, Marlborough (J.G.S.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (P.B.), and Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola (M.D.-L.) - both in New York; Triumpharma, Amman, Jordan (M.S., A.A.-G.); Asthma and Allergy Research Associates, Dallas (W.L.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (H.J.W.); Allergy and Asthma Medical Group, Walnut Creek (J.J.), and the Department of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego (M.R.) - both in California; Baker Allergy, Asthma, and Dermatology, Lake Oswego, OR (J.B.); the Department of Internal Medicine-Allergy Section Cincinnati, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (J.A.B.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (R.L.); the Institute for Asthma and Allergy, Chevy Chase, MD (H.H.L.); the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Penn State Hershey Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, Hershey, PA (T.C.); and the Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Luigi Sacco, University of Milan, and Luigi Sacco Hospital Milan, Milan (M.C.)
| | - Mustafa Shennak
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.B.), Dyax, Burlington (C. Soo, R.I., D.J.S., C.T., J.A.K., R.F., H.K., R.M., C. Stevens, J.C.B., Y.C., B.A.), and ICON Clinical Research, Marlborough (J.G.S.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (P.B.), and Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola (M.D.-L.) - both in New York; Triumpharma, Amman, Jordan (M.S., A.A.-G.); Asthma and Allergy Research Associates, Dallas (W.L.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (H.J.W.); Allergy and Asthma Medical Group, Walnut Creek (J.J.), and the Department of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego (M.R.) - both in California; Baker Allergy, Asthma, and Dermatology, Lake Oswego, OR (J.B.); the Department of Internal Medicine-Allergy Section Cincinnati, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (J.A.B.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (R.L.); the Institute for Asthma and Allergy, Chevy Chase, MD (H.H.L.); the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Penn State Hershey Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, Hershey, PA (T.C.); and the Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Luigi Sacco, University of Milan, and Luigi Sacco Hospital Milan, Milan (M.C.)
| | - William Lumry
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.B.), Dyax, Burlington (C. Soo, R.I., D.J.S., C.T., J.A.K., R.F., H.K., R.M., C. Stevens, J.C.B., Y.C., B.A.), and ICON Clinical Research, Marlborough (J.G.S.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (P.B.), and Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola (M.D.-L.) - both in New York; Triumpharma, Amman, Jordan (M.S., A.A.-G.); Asthma and Allergy Research Associates, Dallas (W.L.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (H.J.W.); Allergy and Asthma Medical Group, Walnut Creek (J.J.), and the Department of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego (M.R.) - both in California; Baker Allergy, Asthma, and Dermatology, Lake Oswego, OR (J.B.); the Department of Internal Medicine-Allergy Section Cincinnati, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (J.A.B.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (R.L.); the Institute for Asthma and Allergy, Chevy Chase, MD (H.H.L.); the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Penn State Hershey Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, Hershey, PA (T.C.); and the Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Luigi Sacco, University of Milan, and Luigi Sacco Hospital Milan, Milan (M.C.)
| | - Mark Davis-Lorton
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.B.), Dyax, Burlington (C. Soo, R.I., D.J.S., C.T., J.A.K., R.F., H.K., R.M., C. Stevens, J.C.B., Y.C., B.A.), and ICON Clinical Research, Marlborough (J.G.S.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (P.B.), and Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola (M.D.-L.) - both in New York; Triumpharma, Amman, Jordan (M.S., A.A.-G.); Asthma and Allergy Research Associates, Dallas (W.L.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (H.J.W.); Allergy and Asthma Medical Group, Walnut Creek (J.J.), and the Department of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego (M.R.) - both in California; Baker Allergy, Asthma, and Dermatology, Lake Oswego, OR (J.B.); the Department of Internal Medicine-Allergy Section Cincinnati, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (J.A.B.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (R.L.); the Institute for Asthma and Allergy, Chevy Chase, MD (H.H.L.); the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Penn State Hershey Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, Hershey, PA (T.C.); and the Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Luigi Sacco, University of Milan, and Luigi Sacco Hospital Milan, Milan (M.C.)
| | - Henry J Wedner
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.B.), Dyax, Burlington (C. Soo, R.I., D.J.S., C.T., J.A.K., R.F., H.K., R.M., C. Stevens, J.C.B., Y.C., B.A.), and ICON Clinical Research, Marlborough (J.G.S.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (P.B.), and Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola (M.D.-L.) - both in New York; Triumpharma, Amman, Jordan (M.S., A.A.-G.); Asthma and Allergy Research Associates, Dallas (W.L.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (H.J.W.); Allergy and Asthma Medical Group, Walnut Creek (J.J.), and the Department of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego (M.R.) - both in California; Baker Allergy, Asthma, and Dermatology, Lake Oswego, OR (J.B.); the Department of Internal Medicine-Allergy Section Cincinnati, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (J.A.B.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (R.L.); the Institute for Asthma and Allergy, Chevy Chase, MD (H.H.L.); the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Penn State Hershey Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, Hershey, PA (T.C.); and the Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Luigi Sacco, University of Milan, and Luigi Sacco Hospital Milan, Milan (M.C.)
| | - Joshua Jacobs
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.B.), Dyax, Burlington (C. Soo, R.I., D.J.S., C.T., J.A.K., R.F., H.K., R.M., C. Stevens, J.C.B., Y.C., B.A.), and ICON Clinical Research, Marlborough (J.G.S.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (P.B.), and Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola (M.D.-L.) - both in New York; Triumpharma, Amman, Jordan (M.S., A.A.-G.); Asthma and Allergy Research Associates, Dallas (W.L.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (H.J.W.); Allergy and Asthma Medical Group, Walnut Creek (J.J.), and the Department of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego (M.R.) - both in California; Baker Allergy, Asthma, and Dermatology, Lake Oswego, OR (J.B.); the Department of Internal Medicine-Allergy Section Cincinnati, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (J.A.B.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (R.L.); the Institute for Asthma and Allergy, Chevy Chase, MD (H.H.L.); the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Penn State Hershey Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, Hershey, PA (T.C.); and the Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Luigi Sacco, University of Milan, and Luigi Sacco Hospital Milan, Milan (M.C.)
| | - James Baker
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.B.), Dyax, Burlington (C. Soo, R.I., D.J.S., C.T., J.A.K., R.F., H.K., R.M., C. Stevens, J.C.B., Y.C., B.A.), and ICON Clinical Research, Marlborough (J.G.S.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (P.B.), and Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola (M.D.-L.) - both in New York; Triumpharma, Amman, Jordan (M.S., A.A.-G.); Asthma and Allergy Research Associates, Dallas (W.L.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (H.J.W.); Allergy and Asthma Medical Group, Walnut Creek (J.J.), and the Department of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego (M.R.) - both in California; Baker Allergy, Asthma, and Dermatology, Lake Oswego, OR (J.B.); the Department of Internal Medicine-Allergy Section Cincinnati, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (J.A.B.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (R.L.); the Institute for Asthma and Allergy, Chevy Chase, MD (H.H.L.); the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Penn State Hershey Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, Hershey, PA (T.C.); and the Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Luigi Sacco, University of Milan, and Luigi Sacco Hospital Milan, Milan (M.C.)
| | - Jonathan A Bernstein
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.B.), Dyax, Burlington (C. Soo, R.I., D.J.S., C.T., J.A.K., R.F., H.K., R.M., C. Stevens, J.C.B., Y.C., B.A.), and ICON Clinical Research, Marlborough (J.G.S.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (P.B.), and Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola (M.D.-L.) - both in New York; Triumpharma, Amman, Jordan (M.S., A.A.-G.); Asthma and Allergy Research Associates, Dallas (W.L.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (H.J.W.); Allergy and Asthma Medical Group, Walnut Creek (J.J.), and the Department of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego (M.R.) - both in California; Baker Allergy, Asthma, and Dermatology, Lake Oswego, OR (J.B.); the Department of Internal Medicine-Allergy Section Cincinnati, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (J.A.B.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (R.L.); the Institute for Asthma and Allergy, Chevy Chase, MD (H.H.L.); the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Penn State Hershey Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, Hershey, PA (T.C.); and the Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Luigi Sacco, University of Milan, and Luigi Sacco Hospital Milan, Milan (M.C.)
| | - Richard Lockey
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.B.), Dyax, Burlington (C. Soo, R.I., D.J.S., C.T., J.A.K., R.F., H.K., R.M., C. Stevens, J.C.B., Y.C., B.A.), and ICON Clinical Research, Marlborough (J.G.S.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (P.B.), and Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola (M.D.-L.) - both in New York; Triumpharma, Amman, Jordan (M.S., A.A.-G.); Asthma and Allergy Research Associates, Dallas (W.L.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (H.J.W.); Allergy and Asthma Medical Group, Walnut Creek (J.J.), and the Department of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego (M.R.) - both in California; Baker Allergy, Asthma, and Dermatology, Lake Oswego, OR (J.B.); the Department of Internal Medicine-Allergy Section Cincinnati, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (J.A.B.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (R.L.); the Institute for Asthma and Allergy, Chevy Chase, MD (H.H.L.); the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Penn State Hershey Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, Hershey, PA (T.C.); and the Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Luigi Sacco, University of Milan, and Luigi Sacco Hospital Milan, Milan (M.C.)
| | - H Henry Li
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.B.), Dyax, Burlington (C. Soo, R.I., D.J.S., C.T., J.A.K., R.F., H.K., R.M., C. Stevens, J.C.B., Y.C., B.A.), and ICON Clinical Research, Marlborough (J.G.S.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (P.B.), and Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola (M.D.-L.) - both in New York; Triumpharma, Amman, Jordan (M.S., A.A.-G.); Asthma and Allergy Research Associates, Dallas (W.L.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (H.J.W.); Allergy and Asthma Medical Group, Walnut Creek (J.J.), and the Department of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego (M.R.) - both in California; Baker Allergy, Asthma, and Dermatology, Lake Oswego, OR (J.B.); the Department of Internal Medicine-Allergy Section Cincinnati, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (J.A.B.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (R.L.); the Institute for Asthma and Allergy, Chevy Chase, MD (H.H.L.); the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Penn State Hershey Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, Hershey, PA (T.C.); and the Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Luigi Sacco, University of Milan, and Luigi Sacco Hospital Milan, Milan (M.C.)
| | - Timothy Craig
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.B.), Dyax, Burlington (C. Soo, R.I., D.J.S., C.T., J.A.K., R.F., H.K., R.M., C. Stevens, J.C.B., Y.C., B.A.), and ICON Clinical Research, Marlborough (J.G.S.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (P.B.), and Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola (M.D.-L.) - both in New York; Triumpharma, Amman, Jordan (M.S., A.A.-G.); Asthma and Allergy Research Associates, Dallas (W.L.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (H.J.W.); Allergy and Asthma Medical Group, Walnut Creek (J.J.), and the Department of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego (M.R.) - both in California; Baker Allergy, Asthma, and Dermatology, Lake Oswego, OR (J.B.); the Department of Internal Medicine-Allergy Section Cincinnati, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (J.A.B.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (R.L.); the Institute for Asthma and Allergy, Chevy Chase, MD (H.H.L.); the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Penn State Hershey Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, Hershey, PA (T.C.); and the Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Luigi Sacco, University of Milan, and Luigi Sacco Hospital Milan, Milan (M.C.)
| | - Marco Cicardi
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.B.), Dyax, Burlington (C. Soo, R.I., D.J.S., C.T., J.A.K., R.F., H.K., R.M., C. Stevens, J.C.B., Y.C., B.A.), and ICON Clinical Research, Marlborough (J.G.S.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (P.B.), and Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola (M.D.-L.) - both in New York; Triumpharma, Amman, Jordan (M.S., A.A.-G.); Asthma and Allergy Research Associates, Dallas (W.L.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (H.J.W.); Allergy and Asthma Medical Group, Walnut Creek (J.J.), and the Department of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego (M.R.) - both in California; Baker Allergy, Asthma, and Dermatology, Lake Oswego, OR (J.B.); the Department of Internal Medicine-Allergy Section Cincinnati, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (J.A.B.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (R.L.); the Institute for Asthma and Allergy, Chevy Chase, MD (H.H.L.); the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Penn State Hershey Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, Hershey, PA (T.C.); and the Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Luigi Sacco, University of Milan, and Luigi Sacco Hospital Milan, Milan (M.C.)
| | - Marc Riedl
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.B.), Dyax, Burlington (C. Soo, R.I., D.J.S., C.T., J.A.K., R.F., H.K., R.M., C. Stevens, J.C.B., Y.C., B.A.), and ICON Clinical Research, Marlborough (J.G.S.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (P.B.), and Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola (M.D.-L.) - both in New York; Triumpharma, Amman, Jordan (M.S., A.A.-G.); Asthma and Allergy Research Associates, Dallas (W.L.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (H.J.W.); Allergy and Asthma Medical Group, Walnut Creek (J.J.), and the Department of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego (M.R.) - both in California; Baker Allergy, Asthma, and Dermatology, Lake Oswego, OR (J.B.); the Department of Internal Medicine-Allergy Section Cincinnati, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (J.A.B.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (R.L.); the Institute for Asthma and Allergy, Chevy Chase, MD (H.H.L.); the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Penn State Hershey Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, Hershey, PA (T.C.); and the Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Luigi Sacco, University of Milan, and Luigi Sacco Hospital Milan, Milan (M.C.)
| | - Ahmad Al-Ghazawi
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.B.), Dyax, Burlington (C. Soo, R.I., D.J.S., C.T., J.A.K., R.F., H.K., R.M., C. Stevens, J.C.B., Y.C., B.A.), and ICON Clinical Research, Marlborough (J.G.S.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (P.B.), and Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola (M.D.-L.) - both in New York; Triumpharma, Amman, Jordan (M.S., A.A.-G.); Asthma and Allergy Research Associates, Dallas (W.L.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (H.J.W.); Allergy and Asthma Medical Group, Walnut Creek (J.J.), and the Department of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego (M.R.) - both in California; Baker Allergy, Asthma, and Dermatology, Lake Oswego, OR (J.B.); the Department of Internal Medicine-Allergy Section Cincinnati, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (J.A.B.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (R.L.); the Institute for Asthma and Allergy, Chevy Chase, MD (H.H.L.); the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Penn State Hershey Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, Hershey, PA (T.C.); and the Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Luigi Sacco, University of Milan, and Luigi Sacco Hospital Milan, Milan (M.C.)
| | - Carolyn Soo
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.B.), Dyax, Burlington (C. Soo, R.I., D.J.S., C.T., J.A.K., R.F., H.K., R.M., C. Stevens, J.C.B., Y.C., B.A.), and ICON Clinical Research, Marlborough (J.G.S.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (P.B.), and Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola (M.D.-L.) - both in New York; Triumpharma, Amman, Jordan (M.S., A.A.-G.); Asthma and Allergy Research Associates, Dallas (W.L.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (H.J.W.); Allergy and Asthma Medical Group, Walnut Creek (J.J.), and the Department of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego (M.R.) - both in California; Baker Allergy, Asthma, and Dermatology, Lake Oswego, OR (J.B.); the Department of Internal Medicine-Allergy Section Cincinnati, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (J.A.B.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (R.L.); the Institute for Asthma and Allergy, Chevy Chase, MD (H.H.L.); the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Penn State Hershey Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, Hershey, PA (T.C.); and the Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Luigi Sacco, University of Milan, and Luigi Sacco Hospital Milan, Milan (M.C.)
| | - Ryan Iarrobino
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.B.), Dyax, Burlington (C. Soo, R.I., D.J.S., C.T., J.A.K., R.F., H.K., R.M., C. Stevens, J.C.B., Y.C., B.A.), and ICON Clinical Research, Marlborough (J.G.S.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (P.B.), and Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola (M.D.-L.) - both in New York; Triumpharma, Amman, Jordan (M.S., A.A.-G.); Asthma and Allergy Research Associates, Dallas (W.L.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (H.J.W.); Allergy and Asthma Medical Group, Walnut Creek (J.J.), and the Department of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego (M.R.) - both in California; Baker Allergy, Asthma, and Dermatology, Lake Oswego, OR (J.B.); the Department of Internal Medicine-Allergy Section Cincinnati, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (J.A.B.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (R.L.); the Institute for Asthma and Allergy, Chevy Chase, MD (H.H.L.); the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Penn State Hershey Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, Hershey, PA (T.C.); and the Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Luigi Sacco, University of Milan, and Luigi Sacco Hospital Milan, Milan (M.C.)
| | - Daniel J Sexton
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.B.), Dyax, Burlington (C. Soo, R.I., D.J.S., C.T., J.A.K., R.F., H.K., R.M., C. Stevens, J.C.B., Y.C., B.A.), and ICON Clinical Research, Marlborough (J.G.S.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (P.B.), and Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola (M.D.-L.) - both in New York; Triumpharma, Amman, Jordan (M.S., A.A.-G.); Asthma and Allergy Research Associates, Dallas (W.L.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (H.J.W.); Allergy and Asthma Medical Group, Walnut Creek (J.J.), and the Department of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego (M.R.) - both in California; Baker Allergy, Asthma, and Dermatology, Lake Oswego, OR (J.B.); the Department of Internal Medicine-Allergy Section Cincinnati, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (J.A.B.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (R.L.); the Institute for Asthma and Allergy, Chevy Chase, MD (H.H.L.); the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Penn State Hershey Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, Hershey, PA (T.C.); and the Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Luigi Sacco, University of Milan, and Luigi Sacco Hospital Milan, Milan (M.C.)
| | - Christopher TenHoor
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.B.), Dyax, Burlington (C. Soo, R.I., D.J.S., C.T., J.A.K., R.F., H.K., R.M., C. Stevens, J.C.B., Y.C., B.A.), and ICON Clinical Research, Marlborough (J.G.S.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (P.B.), and Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola (M.D.-L.) - both in New York; Triumpharma, Amman, Jordan (M.S., A.A.-G.); Asthma and Allergy Research Associates, Dallas (W.L.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (H.J.W.); Allergy and Asthma Medical Group, Walnut Creek (J.J.), and the Department of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego (M.R.) - both in California; Baker Allergy, Asthma, and Dermatology, Lake Oswego, OR (J.B.); the Department of Internal Medicine-Allergy Section Cincinnati, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (J.A.B.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (R.L.); the Institute for Asthma and Allergy, Chevy Chase, MD (H.H.L.); the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Penn State Hershey Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, Hershey, PA (T.C.); and the Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Luigi Sacco, University of Milan, and Luigi Sacco Hospital Milan, Milan (M.C.)
| | - Jon A Kenniston
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.B.), Dyax, Burlington (C. Soo, R.I., D.J.S., C.T., J.A.K., R.F., H.K., R.M., C. Stevens, J.C.B., Y.C., B.A.), and ICON Clinical Research, Marlborough (J.G.S.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (P.B.), and Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola (M.D.-L.) - both in New York; Triumpharma, Amman, Jordan (M.S., A.A.-G.); Asthma and Allergy Research Associates, Dallas (W.L.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (H.J.W.); Allergy and Asthma Medical Group, Walnut Creek (J.J.), and the Department of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego (M.R.) - both in California; Baker Allergy, Asthma, and Dermatology, Lake Oswego, OR (J.B.); the Department of Internal Medicine-Allergy Section Cincinnati, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (J.A.B.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (R.L.); the Institute for Asthma and Allergy, Chevy Chase, MD (H.H.L.); the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Penn State Hershey Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, Hershey, PA (T.C.); and the Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Luigi Sacco, University of Milan, and Luigi Sacco Hospital Milan, Milan (M.C.)
| | - Ryan Faucette
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.B.), Dyax, Burlington (C. Soo, R.I., D.J.S., C.T., J.A.K., R.F., H.K., R.M., C. Stevens, J.C.B., Y.C., B.A.), and ICON Clinical Research, Marlborough (J.G.S.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (P.B.), and Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola (M.D.-L.) - both in New York; Triumpharma, Amman, Jordan (M.S., A.A.-G.); Asthma and Allergy Research Associates, Dallas (W.L.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (H.J.W.); Allergy and Asthma Medical Group, Walnut Creek (J.J.), and the Department of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego (M.R.) - both in California; Baker Allergy, Asthma, and Dermatology, Lake Oswego, OR (J.B.); the Department of Internal Medicine-Allergy Section Cincinnati, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (J.A.B.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (R.L.); the Institute for Asthma and Allergy, Chevy Chase, MD (H.H.L.); the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Penn State Hershey Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, Hershey, PA (T.C.); and the Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Luigi Sacco, University of Milan, and Luigi Sacco Hospital Milan, Milan (M.C.)
| | - J Gordon Still
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.B.), Dyax, Burlington (C. Soo, R.I., D.J.S., C.T., J.A.K., R.F., H.K., R.M., C. Stevens, J.C.B., Y.C., B.A.), and ICON Clinical Research, Marlborough (J.G.S.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (P.B.), and Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola (M.D.-L.) - both in New York; Triumpharma, Amman, Jordan (M.S., A.A.-G.); Asthma and Allergy Research Associates, Dallas (W.L.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (H.J.W.); Allergy and Asthma Medical Group, Walnut Creek (J.J.), and the Department of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego (M.R.) - both in California; Baker Allergy, Asthma, and Dermatology, Lake Oswego, OR (J.B.); the Department of Internal Medicine-Allergy Section Cincinnati, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (J.A.B.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (R.L.); the Institute for Asthma and Allergy, Chevy Chase, MD (H.H.L.); the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Penn State Hershey Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, Hershey, PA (T.C.); and the Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Luigi Sacco, University of Milan, and Luigi Sacco Hospital Milan, Milan (M.C.)
| | - Harvey Kushner
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.B.), Dyax, Burlington (C. Soo, R.I., D.J.S., C.T., J.A.K., R.F., H.K., R.M., C. Stevens, J.C.B., Y.C., B.A.), and ICON Clinical Research, Marlborough (J.G.S.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (P.B.), and Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola (M.D.-L.) - both in New York; Triumpharma, Amman, Jordan (M.S., A.A.-G.); Asthma and Allergy Research Associates, Dallas (W.L.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (H.J.W.); Allergy and Asthma Medical Group, Walnut Creek (J.J.), and the Department of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego (M.R.) - both in California; Baker Allergy, Asthma, and Dermatology, Lake Oswego, OR (J.B.); the Department of Internal Medicine-Allergy Section Cincinnati, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (J.A.B.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (R.L.); the Institute for Asthma and Allergy, Chevy Chase, MD (H.H.L.); the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Penn State Hershey Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, Hershey, PA (T.C.); and the Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Luigi Sacco, University of Milan, and Luigi Sacco Hospital Milan, Milan (M.C.)
| | - Robert Mensah
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.B.), Dyax, Burlington (C. Soo, R.I., D.J.S., C.T., J.A.K., R.F., H.K., R.M., C. Stevens, J.C.B., Y.C., B.A.), and ICON Clinical Research, Marlborough (J.G.S.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (P.B.), and Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola (M.D.-L.) - both in New York; Triumpharma, Amman, Jordan (M.S., A.A.-G.); Asthma and Allergy Research Associates, Dallas (W.L.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (H.J.W.); Allergy and Asthma Medical Group, Walnut Creek (J.J.), and the Department of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego (M.R.) - both in California; Baker Allergy, Asthma, and Dermatology, Lake Oswego, OR (J.B.); the Department of Internal Medicine-Allergy Section Cincinnati, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (J.A.B.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (R.L.); the Institute for Asthma and Allergy, Chevy Chase, MD (H.H.L.); the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Penn State Hershey Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, Hershey, PA (T.C.); and the Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Luigi Sacco, University of Milan, and Luigi Sacco Hospital Milan, Milan (M.C.)
| | - Chris Stevens
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.B.), Dyax, Burlington (C. Soo, R.I., D.J.S., C.T., J.A.K., R.F., H.K., R.M., C. Stevens, J.C.B., Y.C., B.A.), and ICON Clinical Research, Marlborough (J.G.S.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (P.B.), and Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola (M.D.-L.) - both in New York; Triumpharma, Amman, Jordan (M.S., A.A.-G.); Asthma and Allergy Research Associates, Dallas (W.L.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (H.J.W.); Allergy and Asthma Medical Group, Walnut Creek (J.J.), and the Department of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego (M.R.) - both in California; Baker Allergy, Asthma, and Dermatology, Lake Oswego, OR (J.B.); the Department of Internal Medicine-Allergy Section Cincinnati, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (J.A.B.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (R.L.); the Institute for Asthma and Allergy, Chevy Chase, MD (H.H.L.); the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Penn State Hershey Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, Hershey, PA (T.C.); and the Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Luigi Sacco, University of Milan, and Luigi Sacco Hospital Milan, Milan (M.C.)
| | - Joseph C Biedenkapp
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.B.), Dyax, Burlington (C. Soo, R.I., D.J.S., C.T., J.A.K., R.F., H.K., R.M., C. Stevens, J.C.B., Y.C., B.A.), and ICON Clinical Research, Marlborough (J.G.S.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (P.B.), and Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola (M.D.-L.) - both in New York; Triumpharma, Amman, Jordan (M.S., A.A.-G.); Asthma and Allergy Research Associates, Dallas (W.L.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (H.J.W.); Allergy and Asthma Medical Group, Walnut Creek (J.J.), and the Department of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego (M.R.) - both in California; Baker Allergy, Asthma, and Dermatology, Lake Oswego, OR (J.B.); the Department of Internal Medicine-Allergy Section Cincinnati, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (J.A.B.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (R.L.); the Institute for Asthma and Allergy, Chevy Chase, MD (H.H.L.); the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Penn State Hershey Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, Hershey, PA (T.C.); and the Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Luigi Sacco, University of Milan, and Luigi Sacco Hospital Milan, Milan (M.C.)
| | - Yung Chyung
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.B.), Dyax, Burlington (C. Soo, R.I., D.J.S., C.T., J.A.K., R.F., H.K., R.M., C. Stevens, J.C.B., Y.C., B.A.), and ICON Clinical Research, Marlborough (J.G.S.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (P.B.), and Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola (M.D.-L.) - both in New York; Triumpharma, Amman, Jordan (M.S., A.A.-G.); Asthma and Allergy Research Associates, Dallas (W.L.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (H.J.W.); Allergy and Asthma Medical Group, Walnut Creek (J.J.), and the Department of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego (M.R.) - both in California; Baker Allergy, Asthma, and Dermatology, Lake Oswego, OR (J.B.); the Department of Internal Medicine-Allergy Section Cincinnati, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (J.A.B.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (R.L.); the Institute for Asthma and Allergy, Chevy Chase, MD (H.H.L.); the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Penn State Hershey Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, Hershey, PA (T.C.); and the Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Luigi Sacco, University of Milan, and Luigi Sacco Hospital Milan, Milan (M.C.)
| | - Burt Adelman
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.B.), Dyax, Burlington (C. Soo, R.I., D.J.S., C.T., J.A.K., R.F., H.K., R.M., C. Stevens, J.C.B., Y.C., B.A.), and ICON Clinical Research, Marlborough (J.G.S.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (P.B.), and Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola (M.D.-L.) - both in New York; Triumpharma, Amman, Jordan (M.S., A.A.-G.); Asthma and Allergy Research Associates, Dallas (W.L.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (H.J.W.); Allergy and Asthma Medical Group, Walnut Creek (J.J.), and the Department of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego (M.R.) - both in California; Baker Allergy, Asthma, and Dermatology, Lake Oswego, OR (J.B.); the Department of Internal Medicine-Allergy Section Cincinnati, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (J.A.B.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (R.L.); the Institute for Asthma and Allergy, Chevy Chase, MD (H.H.L.); the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Penn State Hershey Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, Hershey, PA (T.C.); and the Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Luigi Sacco, University of Milan, and Luigi Sacco Hospital Milan, Milan (M.C.)
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Assessment of 105 Patients with Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-Inhibitor Induced Angioedema. Int J Otolaryngol 2017; 2017:1476402. [PMID: 28286522 PMCID: PMC5329677 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1476402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. To asses a cohort of 105 consecutive patients with angiotensin converting enzyme-inhibitor induced angioedema with regard to demographics, risk factors, family history of angioedema, hospitalization, airway management, outcome, and use of diagnostic codes used for the condition. Study Design. Cohort study. Methods. This was a retrospective cohort study of 105 patients with angiotensin converting enzyme-inhibitor induced angioedema in the period 1995-2014. Results. The cohort consisted of 67 females and 38 males (F : M ratio 1.8), with a mean age of 63 [range 26-86] years. Female gender was associated with a significantly higher risk of angiotensin converting enzyme-inhibitor induced angioedema. 6.7% had a positive family history of angioedema. Diabetes seemed to be a protective factor with regard to angioedema. 95% experienced angioedema of the head and neck. 4.7% needed intubation or tracheostomy. 74 admissions took place during the study period with a total of 143 days spent in the hospital. The diagnosis codes most often used for this condition were "DT783 Quincke's oedema" and "DT78.4 Allergy unspecified". Complement C1 inhibitor was normal in all tested patients. Conclusion. Female gender predisposes to angiotensin converting enzyme-inhibitor induced angioedema, whereas diabetes seems to be a protective factor.
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Nickel KF, Long AT, Fuchs TA, Butler LM, Renné T. Factor XII as a Therapeutic Target in Thromboembolic and Inflammatory Diseases. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:13-20. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.308595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Coagulation factor XII (FXII, Hageman factor) is a plasma protease that in its active form (FXIIa) initiates the procoagulant and proinflammatory contact system. This name arises from FXII’s unique mechanism of activation that is induced by binding (contact) to negatively charged surfaces. Various substances have the capacity to trigger FXII contact-activation in vivo including mast cell–derived heparin, misfolded protein aggregates, collagen, nucleic acids, and polyphosphate. FXII deficiency is not associated with bleeding, and for decades, the factor was considered to be dispensable for coagulation in vivo. However, despite the fact that humans and animals with deficiency in FXII have a normal hemostatic capacity, animal models revealed a critical role of FXIIa-driven coagulation in thromboembolic diseases. In addition to its role in thrombosis, FXIIa contributes to inflammation through the activation of the inflammatory bradykinin-producing kallikrein-kinin system. Pharmacological inhibition of FXII/FXIIa interferes with thrombosis and inflammation in animal models. Thus, targeting the FXIIa-driven contact system seems to be a promising and safe therapeutic anticoagulation treatment strategy, with additional anti-inflammatory effects. Here, we discuss novel functions of FXIIa in cardiovascular thrombotic and inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin F. Nickel
- From the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (K.F.N., A.T.L., T.A.F., L.M.B., T.R.); and Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (K.F.N., T.A.F., L.M.B., T.R.)
| | - Andy T. Long
- From the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (K.F.N., A.T.L., T.A.F., L.M.B., T.R.); and Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (K.F.N., T.A.F., L.M.B., T.R.)
| | - Tobias A. Fuchs
- From the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (K.F.N., A.T.L., T.A.F., L.M.B., T.R.); and Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (K.F.N., T.A.F., L.M.B., T.R.)
| | - Lynn M. Butler
- From the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (K.F.N., A.T.L., T.A.F., L.M.B., T.R.); and Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (K.F.N., T.A.F., L.M.B., T.R.)
| | - Thomas Renné
- From the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (K.F.N., A.T.L., T.A.F., L.M.B., T.R.); and Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (K.F.N., T.A.F., L.M.B., T.R.)
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Stroo I, Yang J, de Boer JD, Roelofs JJTH, van 't Veer C, Castellino FJ, Zeerleder S, van der Poll T. Factor XI deficiency enhances the pulmonary allergic response to house dust mite in mice independent of factor XII. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 312:L163-L171. [PMID: 27913422 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00320.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is associated with activation of coagulation in the airways. The coagulation system can be initiated via the extrinsic tissue factor-dependent pathway or via the intrinsic pathway, in which the central player factor XI (FXI) can be either activated via active factor XII (FXIIa) or via thrombin. We aimed to determine the role of the intrinsic coagulation system and its possible route of activation in allergic lung inflammation induced by the clinically relevant human allergen house dust mite (HDM). Wild-type (WT), FXI knockout (KO), and FXII KO mice were subjected to repeated exposure to HDM via the airways, and inflammatory responses were compared. FXI KO mice showed increased influx of eosinophils into lung tissue, accompanied by elevated local levels of the main eosinophil chemoattractant eotaxin. Although gross lung pathology and airway mucus production did not differ between groups, FXI KO mice displayed an impaired endothelial/epithelial barrier function, as reflected by elevated levels of total protein and IgM in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. FXI KO mice had a stronger systemic IgE response with an almost completely absent HDM-specific IgG1 response. The phenotype of FXII KO mice was, except for a higher HDM-specific IgG1 response, similar to that of WT mice. In conclusion, FXI attenuates part of the allergic response to repeated administration of HDM in the airways by a mechanism that is independent of activation via FXII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Stroo
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; .,Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - Jack Yang
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J Daan de Boer
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joris J T H Roelofs
- Department of Pathology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelis van 't Veer
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Francis J Castellino
- W.M. Keck Center for Transgene Research, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Sacha Zeerleder
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and.,Department of Hematology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - Tom van der Poll
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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The initiation and effects of plasma contact activation: an overview. Int J Hematol 2016; 105:235-243. [PMID: 27848184 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-016-2132-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The plasma contact system sits atop the intrinsic coagulation cascade and plasma kallikrein-kinin pathway, and in vivo its activation contributes, respectively, to coagulation and inflammation mainly via two downstream pathways. This system has been widely investigated, its activation mechanisms by negatively charged surfaces and the interactions within its components, factor XII, prekallikrein and high molecular weight kininogen are well understood at the biochemical level. However, as most of the activators that have been discovered by in vitro experiments are exogenous, the physiological activators and roles of the contact system have remained unclear and controversial. In the last two decades, several physiological activators have been identified, and a better understanding of its roles and its connection with other signaling pathways has been obtained from in vivo studies. In this article, we present an overview of the contact pathway with a focus on the activation mechanisms, natural stimuli, possible physiological roles, potential risks of its excessive activation, remaining questions and future prospects.
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Mamiya A, Kitano H, Kokubun S, Hidai C. Activation peptide of coagulation factor IX regulates endothelial permeability. Transl Res 2016; 177:70-84.e5. [PMID: 27392935 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial hyperpermeability is involved in several critical illnesses, and its regulatory mechanisms have been intensively investigated. It was recently reported that the activation peptide of coagulation factor IX enhances cell matrix and intercellular adhesion. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of activation peptide of coagulation factor IX in intercellular adhesion of endothelial cells and evaluate its effects on endothelial permeability. In the presence of activation peptide, cells spread with lamellipodium-like broad protrusions multidirectionally, increasing the area of adhesion to matrix by 16% within 30 minutes. In intercellular adhesion, treatment with activation peptide induced overlapping of adjacent cell edges and remodeling of intercellular adhesion sites, with colocalization of the adherens junction proteins VE-cadherin and β-catenin and a marker protein of the lateral border recycling compartment, PECAM. Activation peptide decreased gaps between cells by 66% in cultured endothelial cells and suppressed increased endothelial cell monolayer permeability induced by interleukin-1β in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with activation peptide decreased eNOS protein expression and altered its subcellular distribution, decreasing intracellular cGMP. An analogue of cGMP suppressed the effects of activation peptide on cell spreading. In addition, the effect of activation peptide on hyperpermeability was investigated in mice injected with lipopolysaccharide. Intravenous injection of lipopolysaccharide increased lung weight by 28%, and treatment with activation peptide significantly suppressed the increase in lung weight to 5%. Our results indicate that activation peptide of factor IX regulates endothelial intercellular adhesion and thus could be used in the treatment of vascular hyperpermeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Mamiya
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisataka Kitano
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Kokubun
- Department of Biomedical Science, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiaki Hidai
- Department of Biomedical Science, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Serum stimulation of CCR7 chemotaxis due to coagulation factor XIIa-dependent production of high-molecular-weight kininogen domain 5. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E7059-E7068. [PMID: 27791187 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1615671113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines and their receptors play a critical role in immune function by directing cell-specific movement. C-C chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) facilitates entry of T cells into lymph nodes. CCR7-dependent chemotaxis requires either of the cognate ligands C-C chemokine ligand 19 (CCL19) or CCL21. Although CCR7-dependent chemotaxis can be augmented through receptor up-regulation or by increased chemokine concentrations, we found that chemotaxis is also markedly enhanced by serum in vitro. Upon purification, the serum cofactor activity was ascribed to domain 5 of high-molecular-weight kininogen. This peptide was necessary and sufficient for accelerated chemotaxis. The cofactor activity in serum was dependent on coagulation factor XIIa, a serine protease known to induce cleavage of high-molecular-weight kininogen (HK) at sites of inflammation. Within domain 5, we synthesized a 24-amino acid peptide that could recapitulate the activity of intact serum through a mechanism distinct from up-regulating CCR7 expression or promoting chemokine binding to CCR7. This peptide interacts with the extracellular matrix protein thrombospondin 4 (TSP4), and antibodies to TSP4 neutralize its activity. In vivo, an HK domain 5 peptide stimulated homing of both T and B cells to lymph nodes. A circulating cofactor that is activated at inflammatory foci to enhance lymphocyte chemotaxis represents a powerful mechanism coupling inflammation to adaptive immunity.
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ten Cate-Hoek AJ, Weitz JI, Gailani D, Meijer K, Philippou H, Bouman AC, Whitney Cheung Y, van Mens TE, Govers-Riemslag JW, Vries M, Bleker S, Biedermann JS, Stoof SCM, Buller HR. Theme 3: Non-invasive management of (recurrent) venous thromboembolism (VTE) and post thrombotic syndrome (PTS). Thromb Res 2016; 136 Suppl 1:S13-8. [PMID: 26387731 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2015.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arina J ten Cate-Hoek
- Maastricht University Medical Center, Laboratory for Clinical Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Netherlands; Thrombosis Center, USA.
| | - Jeffrey I Weitz
- McMaster University and Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Canada
| | - David Gailani
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Nashville, USA
| | - Karina Meijer
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Hematology, Netherlands
| | - Helen Philippou
- University of Leeds, Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, The LIGHT Labs, Leeds, UK
| | - Annemieke C Bouman
- Maastricht University Medical Center, Laboratory for Clinical Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Netherlands; Thrombosis Center, USA
| | - Y Whitney Cheung
- University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Department of Vascular Medicine, Netherlands
| | - Thijs E van Mens
- University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Department of Vascular Medicine, Netherlands
| | - Jose W Govers-Riemslag
- Maastricht University Medical Center, Laboratory for Clinical Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Netherlands
| | - Minka Vries
- Maastricht University Medical Center, Laboratory for Clinical Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Netherlands
| | - Suzanne Bleker
- University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Department of Vascular Medicine, Netherlands
| | - Jossi S Biedermann
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Department of Hematology, Netherlands
| | - S Carina M Stoof
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Department of Hematology, Netherlands
| | - Harry R Buller
- University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Department of Vascular Medicine, Netherlands
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