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Abil OZ, Liu S, Yeh YW, Wu Y, Sen Chaudhuri A, Li NS, Deng C, Xiang Z. A mucosal vaccine formulation against tuberculosis by exploiting the adjuvant activity of S100A4-A damage-associated molecular pattern molecule. Vaccine 2024; 42:126151. [PMID: 39089961 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), remains one of the top three causes of death. Currently, the only licensed vaccine against TB is the bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), which lacks efficacy in preventing and controlling pulmonary TB in adults. We aimed to evaluate a nasal TB vaccine formulation composed of the Mtb-specific vaccine antigen ESAT-6, an Mtb-associated protein that can trigger protective immune responses, and S100A4, a recently characterized novel mucosal adjuvant. Mice were intranasally given recombinant ESAT-6 in the presence or absence of S100A4 as an adjuvant. We have provided experimental evidence demonstrating that S100A4 admixed to ESAT-6 could induce Mtb-specific adaptive immune responses after intranasal immunization. S100A4 remarkably augmented the levels of anti-ESAT-6 IgG in serum and IgA in mucosal sites, including lung exudates, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and nasal lavage. Furthermore, in both lung and spleen tissues, S100A4 strongly promoted ESAT-6-specific expansion of CD4 T cells. Both CD4 and CD8 T cells from these tissues expressed increased levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-17, cytokines critical for antimicrobial activity. Antigen-reencounter-induced T cell proliferative responses, a key vaccine performance indicator, were augmented in the spleen of S100A4-adjuvanted mice. Furthermore, CD8 T cells from the spleen and lung tissues of these mice expressed higher levels of granzyme B upon antigen re-stimulation. S100A4-adjuvanted immunization may predict good mucosal protection against TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olifan Zewdie Abil
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuwei Liu
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu-Wen Yeh
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuxuan Wu
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Arka Sen Chaudhuri
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nga Shan Li
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chujun Deng
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zou Xiang
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
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Steel LB, Narasimhan PB, Chaudhari M, Dauphinais MR, Huang S, Beall K, Carwile ME, Cintron C, Du X, Heysell SK, Lakshminarayanan S, Singh UB, Sinha P. Intestinal Parasitic Infections May Be Overlooked Drivers of the Tuberculosis Pandemic. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2024; 111:719-723. [PMID: 39137767 PMCID: PMC11448528 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The burden of tuberculosis (TB) is disproportionate in tropical and subtropical regions, where parasitic coinfections are common. Given the significant geographical overlap between TB and intestinal parasitic infections, it is important to consider the implications of intestinal parasitic infections for the TB pandemic. Intestinal parasitic infections have been theorized to increase vulnerability to TB by altering the inflammatory milieu, inducing undernutrition that blunts the immune response, and affecting drug pharmacokinetics. In this perspective, we provide a background of the epidemiological and immunological evidence that links parasitic infections to increased risk of TB progression and worse treatment outcomes. We also identify gaps in our knowledge and call for increased research on TB-parasitic coinfections to ensure action on a potentially widespread TB comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili B Steel
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Prakash Babu Narasimhan
- Department of Immunology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Megha Chaudhari
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Samantha Huang
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kaley Beall
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Madeline E Carwile
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chelsie Cintron
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xinyi Du
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Scott K Heysell
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Subitha Lakshminarayanan
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Urvashi B Singh
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pranay Sinha
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Internal Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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3
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Tang P, Shen X, Gao J, Zhang J, Feng Y, Zhang J, Huang Z, Wang X. Distinct characteristics of BTLA/HVEM axis expression on Tregs and its impact on the expansion and attributes of Tregs in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1437207. [PMID: 39386167 PMCID: PMC11461443 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1437207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) remains one of the deadliest infectious diseases. Understanding PTB immunity is of potential value for exploring immunotherapy for treating chemotherapy-resistant PTB. CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are key players that impair immune responses to Mycobacteria tuberculosis (MTB). Currently, the intrinsic factors governing Treg expansion and influencing the immunosuppressive attributes of Tregs in PTB patients are far from clear. Methods Here, we employed flow cytometry to determine the frequency of Tregs and the expression of B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) and its ligand, herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM), on Tregs in patients with active PTB. Furthermore, the expression of conventional T cells and of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and programmed death-1 (PD-1) on Tregs in patients with active PTB was determined. We then examined the characteristics of BTLA/HVEM expression and its correlation with Treg frequency and PD-L1 and PD-1 expression on Tregs in PTB patients. Results The frequency of Tregs was increased in PTB patients and it had a relevance to PTB progression. Intriguingly, the axis of cosignal molecules, BTLA and HVEM, were both downregulated on the Tregs of PTB patients compared with healthy controls (HCs), which was the opposite of their upregulation on conventional T cells. Unexpectedly, their expression levels were positively correlated with the frequency of Tregs, respectively. These seemingly contradictory results may be interpreted as follows: the downregulation of BTLA and HVEM may alleviate BTLA/HVEM cis-interaction-mediated coinhibitory signals pressing on naïve Tregs, helping their activation, while the BTLA/HVEM axis on effector Tregs induces a costimulatory signal, promoting their expansion. Certainly, the mechanism underlying such complex effects remains to be explored. Additionally, PD-L1 and PD-1, regarded as two of the markers characterizing the immunosuppressive attributes and differentiation potential of Tregs, were upregulated on the Tregs of PTB patients. Further analysis revealed that the expression levels of BTLA and HVEM were positively correlated with the frequency of PD-1+Tregs and PD-L1+Tregs, respectively. Conclusion Our study illuminated distinct characteristics of BTLA/HVEM axis expression on Tregs and uncovered its impact on the expansion and attributes of Tregs in patients with active PTB. Therefore, blockade of the BTLA/HVEM axis may be a promising potential pathway to reduce Treg expansion for the improvement of anti-MTB immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijun Tang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Tuberculosis, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Suzhou, The Affiliated Infectious Disease Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xinghua Shen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Suzhou, The Affiliated Infectious Disease Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jianling Gao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Department of Tuberculosis, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Suzhou, The Affiliated Infectious Disease Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yanjun Feng
- Department of Tuberculosis, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Suzhou, The Affiliated Infectious Disease Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ziyi Huang
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Tumor Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Makatsa MS, Kus A, Wiedeman A, Long SA, Seshadri C. 42-parameter mass cytometry panel to assess cellular and functional phenotypes of leukocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage of Rhesus macaque. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.09.19.613973. [PMID: 39386621 PMCID: PMC11463637 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.19.613973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
This Optimized Multiparameter Immunofluorescence Panel (OMIP) reports on the development of a mass cytometry panel for broad immunophenotyping of leukocytes from bronchoalveolar lavage from rhesus macaques. Using this panel, we were able to identify myeloid populations such as macrophages, neutrophils, monocytes, myeloid and plasmacytoid DCs, basophils and lymphoid cell lineages including B cells, natural killer (NK) cells, mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, γδ T cells, CD4 T cells, CD8□β T cells, CD8 □□ T cells, and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). We also included markers for defining memory, differentiation (CCR7, CD28, CD45RA), homing potential (CXCR3), cytotoxic potential (perforin, granzyme B, granzyme K), cell activation/differentiation (HLA-DR, CD69, IgD) and effector function (CD154, IFN-γ, TNF, IL-2, IL-17A, IL-6, IL-1β, CCL4 and CD107a). This panel was optimized on cryopreserved, bronchoalveolar lavage and splenocytes collected from rhesus macaques. The antibodies selected in this panel are human-specific antibodies that have been shown to cross-react with non-human primates except for CD45 clone D058-1283 which is specific for non-human primates.
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Bo H, Jiang H, Xiong J, Zhang W, Shi Y, Pan C, Wang H. T cell receptor repertoire deciphers anti-tuberculosis immunity. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 138:112252. [PMID: 38976948 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
T cell induced cellular immunity is considered to be extremely important for the control of tuberculosis (TB). T cell receptor (TCR), the key component responsible for the specificity and clustering of T cells, holds the potential to advance our understanding of T cell immunity against TB infection. This review systematically expounded the study progressions made in the field of TB-relevant TCRs based on single cell sequencing together with GLIPH2 technology and initiated a comparison of the T cell distribution between peripheral blood and infected organs. We divided clonal expanded T cell clones into recirculation subsets and local subsets to summarize their distinctions in clonal abundance, TCR sequences and antigenic specificity. Notably, local expansion appears to drive the primary variances in T cell subsets between these two contexts, indicating the necessity for further exploration into the functions and specificity of local subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohui Bo
- Department of Mycobacterium, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology & Hospital for Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiqin Jiang
- Department of Mycobacterium, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology & Hospital for Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jingshu Xiong
- Department of Mycobacterium, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology & Hospital for Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenyue Zhang
- Department of Mycobacterium, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology & Hospital for Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Department of Mycobacterium, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology & Hospital for Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chun Pan
- Department of Mycobacterium, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology & Hospital for Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongsheng Wang
- Department of Mycobacterium, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology & Hospital for Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Wang L, Kang J, Jiang H. Intranasal Immunization with a Recombinant Adenovirus Encoding Multi-Stage Antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Preferentially Elicited CD8 + T Cell Immunity and Conferred a Superior Protection in the Lungs of Mice than Bacillus Calmette-Guerin. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:1022. [PMID: 39340053 PMCID: PMC11436211 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12091022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of a tuberculosis (TB) vaccine is imperative. Employing multi-stage Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) antigens as targeted antigens represents a critical strategy in establishing an effective novel TB vaccine. In this investigation, we evaluated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a recombinant adenovirus vaccine expressing two fusion proteins, Ag85B-ESAT6 (AE) and Rv2031c-Rv2626c (R2), derived from multi-stage antigens of Mtb via intranasal administration in mice. Intranasal delivery of Ad-AE-R2 induced both long-lasting mucosal and systemic immunities, with a preferential elicitation of CD8+ T cell immunity demonstrated by the accumulation and retention of CD8+ T cells in BALF, lung, and spleen, as well as the generation of CD8+ TRM cells in BALF and lung tissues. Compared to subcutaneous immunization with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), Ad-AE-R2 provided superior protection against high-dose intratracheal BCG challenge, specifically within the lungs of mice. Our findings support the notion that empowering T cells within the respiratory mucosa is crucial for TB vaccine development while highlighting targeting CD8+ T cell immunity as an effective strategy for optimizing TB vaccines and emphasizing that eliciting systemic memory immunity is also vital for the successful development of a TB mucosal vaccine. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that the BCG challenge serves as a convenient and efficient method to evaluate candidate vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Wang
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jian Kang
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
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Ongarj J, Intapiboon P, Surasombatpattana S, Satti I, Harris SA, Morrison H, Sophonmanee R, McShane H, Tanner R, Pinpathomrat N. Evaluation of immune profiles associated with control of mycobacterial growth in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2024; 148:102533. [PMID: 38878478 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2024.102533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease with the burden concentrated in low- and middle-income countries. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease associated with widespread inflammation that is prevalent in some TB endemic areas including East Africa and parts of Southeast Asia. SLE patients are known to be at higher risk of becoming infected with M. tb, developing TB disease. However, the immune mechanisms underlying this susceptibility are not well understood, particularly in the absence of immunosuppressive drugs. We present a pilot study in which we have evaluated intracellular cytokine responses and ex vivo ability to control mycobacterial growth using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) collected from SLE patients before and during SLE treatment. After six months of treatment, SLE patients had the highest frequencies of CD8+ T cells, NK cells and NKT cells producing IFN-γ and/or TNF-α. This group also showed superior control of mycobacterial growth, and proinflammatory cytokine-producing NK and NKT cells correlated with mycobacterial growth inhibition at the individual patient level. These findings contribute to a better understanding of autoimmune profiles associated with control of mycobacterial growth in SLE patients, which may inform intervention strategies to reduce risk of TB disease in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jomkwan Ongarj
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Porntip Intapiboon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | | | - Iman Satti
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Hazel Morrison
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ratchanon Sophonmanee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Helen McShane
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Tanner
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nawamin Pinpathomrat
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand.
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Headley CA, Gautam S, Olmo-Fontanez A, Garcia-Vilanova A, Dwivedi V, Schami A, Weintraub S, Tsao PS, Torrelles JB, Turner J. Mitochondrial Transplantation Promotes Protective Effector and Memory CD4 + T Cell Response During Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection and Diminishes Exhaustion and Senescence in Elderly CD4 + T cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2401077. [PMID: 39039808 PMCID: PMC11423092 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), is a major global health concern, particularly affecting those with weakened immune systems, including the elderly. CD4+ T cell response is crucial for immunity against M.tb, but chronic infections and aging can lead to T cell exhaustion and senescence, worsening TB disease. Mitochondrial dysfunction, prevalent in aging and chronic diseases, disrupts cellular metabolism, increases oxidative stress, and impairs T-cell functions. This study investigates the effect of mitochondrial transplantation (mito-transfer) on CD4+ T cell differentiation and function in aged mouse models and human CD4+ T cells from elderly individuals. Mito-transfer in naïve CD4+ T cells is found to promote protective effector and memory T cell generation during M.tb infection in mice. Additionally, it improves elderly human T cell function by increasing mitochondrial mass and altering cytokine production, thereby reducing markers of exhaustion and senescence. These findings suggest mito-transfer as a novel approach to enhance aged CD4+ T cell functionality, potentially benefiting immune responses in the elderly and chronic TB patients. This has broader implications for diseases where mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to T-cell exhaustion and senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colwyn A Headley
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43201, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Shalini Gautam
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA
| | - Angelica Olmo-Fontanez
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA
| | - Andreu Garcia-Vilanova
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA
| | - Varun Dwivedi
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA
| | - Alyssa Schami
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA
| | - Susan Weintraub
- Department of Biochemistry & Structural Biology, UT health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Philip S Tsao
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jordi B Torrelles
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA
- Internaltional Center for the Advancement of Research & Education (I•CARE), Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA
| | - Joanne Turner
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA
- Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
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9
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Wang L, He Y, Wang P, Lou H, Liu H, Sha W. Single-cell transcriptome sequencing reveals altered peripheral blood immune cells in patients with severe tuberculosis. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:434. [PMID: 39198909 PMCID: PMC11360321 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01991-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a serious global health burden, resulting in millions of deaths each year. Several circulating cell subsets in the peripheral blood are known to modulate the host immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection in different ways. However, the characteristics and functions of these subsets to varying stages of tuberculosis infection have not been well elucidated. Peripheral blood immune cells (PBICs) were isolated from healthy donors (HD group), individuals with mild tuberculosis (MI group), and individuals with severe tuberculosis (SE group). CD4+ naive T cells and CD8+ T cells were decreased in the SE and MI groups, while CD14+ monocytes were increased in the SE group. Further analysis revealed increased activated CD4+ T cells, transitional CD8+ T cells, memory-like NK cells, and IGHG3highTTNhighFCRL5high B cells were increased in all patients with tuberculosis (SE and MI group). In contrast, Th17 cells, cytotoxic NK cells, and cytotoxic CD4+ T cells were decreased. Moreover, the increase of CD14+CD16+ monocytes correlated with severe tuberculosis, and the GBP5highRSAD2high neutrophils were unique to patients with severe tuberculosis. Cellular communication analysis revealed that CD8+ T cells exhibited the highest incoming interaction strength in the SE group. The increased CD8+ T cell incoming interactions are associated with the MHC-I and LCK pathways, with HLA-(A-E)-CD8A, HLA-(A-E)-CD8B, and LCK-(CD8A+CD8B) being ligand-receptor pairs. Patients with tuberculosis, especially severe tuberculosis, have profound changes in peripheral blood immune cell profiles. CD8+ T cells showed the highest incoming interaction strength in patients with severe tuberculosis, with the main signals being MHC-I and LCK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, School of Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Tuberculosis, School of Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya He
- Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, School of Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Tuberculosis, School of Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, School of Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Tuberculosis, School of Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai Lou
- Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, School of Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Tuberculosis, School of Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haipeng Liu
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei Sha
- Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, School of Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Tuberculosis, School of Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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10
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Flores-Gonzalez J, Ramón-Luing LA, Falfán-Valencia R, Batista CVF, Soto-Alvarez S, Huerta-Nuñez L, Chávez-Galán L. The presence of cytotoxic CD4 and exhausted-like CD8+ T-cells is a signature of active tuberculosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167219. [PMID: 38734321 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Chronic infections induce CD4+ T-cells with cytotoxic functions (CD4 CTLs); at present, it is still unknown whether latent tuberculosis (LTB) and active tuberculosis (ATB) induce CD4 CTLs. Plasma and cells from four patient groups-uninfected contact (UC), LTB, and ATB (divided as sensitive [DS-TB]- or resistant [DR-TB]-drug)-were evaluated by flow cytometry, q-PCR, and proteomics. The data showed that ATB patients had an increased frequency of CD4+ T-cells and a decreased frequency of CD8+ T-cells. The latter displays an exhausted-like profile characterized by CD39, CD279, and TIM-3 expression. ATB had a high frequency of CD4 + perforin+ cells, suggesting a CD4 CTL profile. The expression (at the transcriptional level) of granzyme A, granzyme B, granulysin, and perforin, as well as the genes T-bet (Tbx21) and NKG2D (Klrk1), in enriched CD4+ T-cells, confirmed the cytotoxic signature of CD4+ T-cells during ATB (which was stronger in DS-TB than in DR-TB). Moreover, proteomic analysis revealed the presence of HSP70 (in DS-TB) and annexin A5 (in DR-TB), which are molecules that have been associated with favoring the CD4 CTL profile. Finally, we found that lipids from Mycobacterium tuberculosis increased the presence of CD4 CTLs in DR-TB patients. Our data suggest that ATB is characterized by exhausted-like CD8+ T-cells, which, together with a specific microenvironment, favor the presence of CD4 CTLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Flores-Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Integrative Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City 14080. Mexico
| | - Lucero A Ramón-Luing
- Laboratory of Integrative Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City 14080. Mexico
| | - Ramcés Falfán-Valencia
- HLA Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Cesar V F Batista
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Escuela Militar de Graduados de Sanidad, Universidad del Ejército y Fuerza Aérea Mexicana, Mexico City 11200, Mexico
| | - Silverio Soto-Alvarez
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Escuela Militar de Graduados de Sanidad, Universidad del Ejército y Fuerza Aérea Mexicana, Mexico City 11200, Mexico
| | - Lidia Huerta-Nuñez
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Escuela Militar de Graduados de Sanidad, Universidad del Ejército y Fuerza Aérea Mexicana, Mexico City 11200, Mexico
| | - Leslie Chávez-Galán
- Laboratory of Integrative Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City 14080. Mexico.
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11
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Cheng H, Ji Z, Wang Y, Li S, Tang T, Wang F, Peng C, Wu X, Cheng Y, Liu Z, Ma M, Wang J, Huang X, Wang L, Qin L, Liu H, Chen J, Zheng R, Feng CG, Cai X, Qu D, Ye L, Yang H, Ge B. Mycobacterium tuberculosis produces D-serine under hypoxia to limit CD8 + T cell-dependent immunity in mice. Nat Microbiol 2024; 9:1856-1872. [PMID: 38806671 PMCID: PMC11222154 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-024-01701-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Adaptation to hypoxia is a major challenge for the survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in vivo. Interferon (IFN)-γ-producing CD8+ T cells contribute to control of Mtb infection, in part by promoting antimicrobial activities of macrophages. Whether Mtb counters these responses, particularly during hypoxic conditions, remains unknown. Using metabolomic, proteomic and genetic approaches, here we show that Mtb induced Rv0884c (SerC), an Mtb phosphoserine aminotransferase, to produce D-serine. This activity increased Mtb pathogenesis in mice but did not directly affect intramacrophage Mtb survival. Instead, D-serine inhibited IFN-γ production by CD8+ T cells, which indirectly reduced the ability of macrophages to restrict Mtb upon co-culture. Mechanistically, D-serine interacted with WDR24 and inhibited mTORC1 activation in CD8+ T cells. This decreased T-bet expression and reduced IFN-γ production by CD8+ T cells. Our findings suggest an Mtb evasion mechanism where pathogen metabolic adaptation to hypoxia leads to amino acid-dependent suppression of adaptive anti-TB immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhe Ji
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Shenzhi Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Tianqi Tang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiangyang Wu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yuanna Cheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Mingtong Ma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jie Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xiaochen Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Lin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Lianhua Qin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Haipeng Liu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jianxia Chen
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Ruijuan Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Carl G Feng
- Immunology and Host Defense Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Tuberculosis Research Program, Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Xia Cai
- Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Di Qu
- Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Lilin Ye
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China.
| | - Hua Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Baoxue Ge
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.
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12
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Ferrell KC, Stewart EL, Counoupas C, Triccas JA. Colony morphotype governs innate and adaptive pulmonary immune responses to Mycobacterium abscessus infection in C3HeB/FeJ mice. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2350610. [PMID: 38576227 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus is an emerging pathogen that causes chronic pulmonary infection. Treatment is challenging owing in part to our incomplete understanding of M. abscessus virulence mechanisms that enable pathogen persistence, such as the differing pathogenicity of M. abscessus smooth (S) and rough (R) colony morphotype. While R M. abscessus is associated with chronic infection and worse patient outcomes, it is unknown how immune responses to S and R M. abscessus differ in an acute pulmonary infection setting. In this study, immunological outcomes of M. abscessus infection with S and R morphotypes were examined in an immune-competent C3HeB/FeJ murine model. R M. abscessus infection was associated with the rapid production of inflammatory chemokines and recruitment of activated, MHC-II+ Ly6C+ macrophages to lungs and mediastinal LN (mLN). While both S and R M. abscessus increased T helper 1 (Th1) phenotype T cells in the lung, this was markedly delayed in mice infected with S M. abscessus. However, histopathological involvement and bacterial clearance were similar regardless of colony morphotype. These results demonstrate the importance of M. abscessus colony morphotype in shaping the development of pulmonary immune responses to M. abscessus, which further informs our understanding of M. abscessus host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kia C Ferrell
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Tuberculosis Research Program, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Erica L Stewart
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Tuberculosis Research Program, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Claudio Counoupas
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Tuberculosis Research Program, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases and the Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - James A Triccas
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases and the Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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13
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Hosseinian K, Gerami A, Bral M, Venketaraman V. Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and the Role of T Cells in Protection. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:730. [PMID: 39066368 PMCID: PMC11281535 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12070730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), remains a widespread fatal health issue that becomes significantly detrimental when coupled with HIV. This study explores the host's innate and adaptive immune system response to TB in HIV immunocompromised patients, highlighting the significant role of CD8+ T cells. While the crucial role of macrophages and cytokines, like TNF-α and IFN-γ, in managing the host's immune response to M. tb is examined, the emphasis is on the changes that occur as a result of HIV coinfection. With the progression of HIV infection, the primary source of IFN-γ changes from CD4+ to CD8+ T cells, especially when latent TB advances to an active state. This study sheds light on the necessity of developing new preventative measures such as vaccines and new treatment approaches to TB, especially for immunocompromised patients, who are at a higher risk of life-threatening complications due to TB-HIV coinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vishwanath Venketaraman
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
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14
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Shurygina APS, Zabolotnykh NV, Vinogradova TI, Vitovskaya ML, Dogonadze MZ, Vasilyev KA, Buzitskaya ZV, Yablonskiy PK, Lioznov DA, Stukova MA. TB/FLU-06E Influenza Vector-Based Vaccine in the Complex Therapy of Drug-Susceptible and Drug-Resistant Experimental Tuberculosis. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:857. [PMID: 39065554 PMCID: PMC11279844 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16070857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The steady rise of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB), which renders standard therapy regimens ineffective, necessitates the development of innovative treatment approaches. Immunotherapeutic vaccines have the potential to effectively regulate the anti-TB immune response and enhance the efficacy of anti-TB treatment. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the potency of the mucosal vector vaccine TB/FLU-06E as part of a complex treatment regimen for drug-susceptible (DS) or drug-resistant (DR) tuberculosis in C57BL/6 mice. Incorporating TB/FLU-06E into the treatment protocol significantly increased the effectiveness of therapy for both forms of tuberculosis. It was evidenced by higher survival rates and reduced pulmonary bacterial load (1.83 lg CFU for DS tuberculosis and 0.93 lg CFU for DR tuberculosis). Furthermore, the treatment reduced pathomorphological lesions in the lungs and stimulated the local and systemic T-helper 1 (Th1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) anti-TB immune responses. Thus, therapeutic immunization with the TB/FLU-06E vaccine significantly enhances the efficacy of tuberculosis treatment, which is particularly important in DR tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Polina S. Shurygina
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 197022 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalia V. Zabolotnykh
- Saint-Petersburg State Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 194064 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatiana I. Vinogradova
- Saint-Petersburg State Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 194064 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maria L. Vitovskaya
- Saint-Petersburg State Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 194064 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Marine Z. Dogonadze
- Saint-Petersburg State Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 194064 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Kirill A. Vasilyev
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 197022 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Zhanna V. Buzitskaya
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 197022 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Petr K. Yablonskiy
- Saint-Petersburg State Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 194064 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitriy A. Lioznov
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 197022 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Marina A. Stukova
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 197022 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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15
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Khanna H, Gupta S, Sheikh Y. Cell-Mediated Immune Response Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Its Potential Therapeutic Impact. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2024; 44:244-259. [PMID: 38607324 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2024.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell-mediated immune response is critical for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) control. Understanding of pathophysiology and role played by different cell mediators is essential for vaccine development and better management of patients with M.tb. A complex array of cytokines and chemokines are involved in the immune response against M.tb; however, their relative contribution in protection remains to be further explored. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current understanding regarding the cytokine and chemokine profiles in M.tb infection in order to assist research in the field to pursue new direction in prevention and control. We have also summarized recent findings on vaccine trials that have been developed and or are under trials that are targeting these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshika Khanna
- Department of Pediatrics, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Yasmeen Sheikh
- Department of Pediatrics, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
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16
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Martínez-Sotelo JA, Vallecillo AJ, Parada C, Segura E, Campuzano J, Silva-Miranda M, Servín-González L, Espitia C. Immune Response to the Recombinant Apa Protein from Mycobacterium tuberculosis Expressed in Streptomyces lividans After Intranasal Administration in Mice. Induction of Protective Response to Tubercle Bacillus Aerosols Exposure. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:197. [PMID: 38816607 PMCID: PMC11139747 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03697-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Identifying and evaluating potential vaccine candidates has become one of the main objectives to combat tuberculosis. Among them, mannosylated Apa antigen from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the non-mannosylated protein expressed in Escherichia coli, have been studied. Although both proteins can induce a protective response in mice, it has been considered that native protein can be dispensed. In this work, we study the protective response induced by Apa expressed in E. coli and in Streptomyces lividans. The latter, like native is secreted as a double band of 45/47 kDa, however, only its 47 kDa band is mannosylated. Both antigens and BCG were intranasal administrated in mice, and animals were then challenged by aerosol with M. tuberculosis H37Rv. The results showed that both, Apa from S. lividans and E. coli conferred statistically significantly protection to animals compared to controls. The cytokine immune response was studied by an immunoassay after animals' immunization, revealing that Apa from S. lividans induced a statistically significant proliferation of T cell, as well as the expression of IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-17 and IL-10. In contrast, non-proliferation was obtained with non-mannosylated protein, but induction of IL-12 and IL-17 was observed. Together, these results demonstrate that both proteins were able to modulate a specific immune response against M. tuberculosis, that could be driven by different mechanisms possibly associated with the presence or not of mannosylation. Furthermore, stimulation of cells from BCG-vaccinated animals with the proteins could be an important tool, to help define the use of a given subunit-vaccine after BCG vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Alberto Martínez-Sotelo
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, C.P. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
- Catedrática CONAHCYT, Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, C.P. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Antonio J Vallecillo
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, C.P. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de Cuenca, C.P. 010205, Cuenca, Azu, Ecuador
- Catedrática CONAHCYT, Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, C.P. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cristina Parada
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, C.P. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
- Catedrática CONAHCYT, Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, C.P. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Erika Segura
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, C.P. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
- Catedrática CONAHCYT, Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, C.P. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jaime Campuzano
- Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, C.P. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, C.P. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mayra Silva-Miranda
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, C.P. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
- Catedrática CONAHCYT, Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, C.P. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Servín-González
- Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, C.P. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, C.P. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Clara Espitia
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, C.P. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
- Catedrática CONAHCYT, Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, C.P. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
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17
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Chugh S, Bahal RK, Dhiman R, Singh R. Antigen identification strategies and preclinical evaluation models for advancing tuberculosis vaccine development. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:57. [PMID: 38461350 PMCID: PMC10924964 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00834-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
In its myriad devastating forms, Tuberculosis (TB) has existed for centuries, and humanity is still affected by it. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), the causative agent of TB, was the foremost killer among infectious agents until the COVID-19 pandemic. One of the key healthcare strategies available to reduce the risk of TB is immunization with bacilli Calmette-Guerin (BCG). Although BCG has been widely used to protect against TB, reports show that BCG confers highly variable efficacy (0-80%) against adult pulmonary TB. Unwavering efforts have been made over the past 20 years to develop and evaluate new TB vaccine candidates. The failure of conventional preclinical animal models to fully recapitulate human response to TB, as also seen for the failure of MVA85A in clinical trials, signifies the need to develop better preclinical models for TB vaccine evaluation. In the present review article, we outline various approaches used to identify protective mycobacterial antigens and recent advancements in preclinical models for assessing the efficacy of candidate TB vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Chugh
- Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Ritika Kar Bahal
- Marshall Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Rohan Dhiman
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Ramandeep Singh
- Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India.
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18
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Panda S, Morgan J, Cheng C, Saito M, Gilman RH, Ciobanu N, Crudu V, Catanzaro DG, Catanzaro A, Rodwell T, Perera JSB, Chathuranga T, Gunasena B, DeSilva AD, Peters B, Sette A, Lindestam Arlehamn CS. Identification of differentially recognized T cell epitopes in the spectrum of tuberculosis infection. Nat Commun 2024; 15:765. [PMID: 38278794 PMCID: PMC10817963 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45058-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
There is still incomplete knowledge of which Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) antigens can trigger distinct T cell responses at different stages of infection. Here, a proteome-wide screen of 20,610 Mtb-derived peptides in 21 patients mid-treatment for active tuberculosis (ATB) reveals IFNγ-specific T cell responses against 137 unique epitopes. Of these, 16% are recognized by two or more participants and predominantly derived from cell wall and cell processes antigens. There is differential recognition of antigens, including TB vaccine candidate antigens, between ATB participants and interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA + /-) individuals. We developed an ATB-specific peptide pool (ATB116) consisting of epitopes exclusively recognized by ATB participants. This pool can distinguish patients with pulmonary ATB from IGRA + /- individuals from various geographical locations, with a sensitivity of over 60% and a specificity exceeding 80%. This proteome-wide screen of T cell reactivity identified infection stage-specific epitopes and antigens for potential use in diagnostics and measuring Mtb-specific immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhasini Panda
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Morgan
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Catherine Cheng
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mayuko Saito
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Robert H Gilman
- Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Nelly Ciobanu
- Phthisiopneumology Institute, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - Valeriu Crudu
- Phthisiopneumology Institute, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - Donald G Catanzaro
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Antonino Catanzaro
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Timothy Rodwell
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Judy S B Perera
- Faculty of Medicine, General Sir John Kotelawala Defense University, Ratmalana, Sri Lanka
| | - Teshan Chathuranga
- Faculty of Medicine, General Sir John Kotelawala Defense University, Ratmalana, Sri Lanka
| | - Bandu Gunasena
- National Hospital for Respiratory Diseases, Welisara, Sri Lanka
| | - Aruna D DeSilva
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, General Sir John Kotelawala Defense University, Ratmalana, Sri Lanka
| | - Bjoern Peters
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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19
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Ghosh S, Bhatti GK, Sharma PK, Kandimalla R, Mastana SS, Bhatti JS. Potential of Nano-Engineered Stem Cells in the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: A Comprehensive Review. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 44:6. [PMID: 38104307 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01434-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and degrading autoimmune disorder mainly targeting the central nervous system, leading to progressive neurodegeneration, demyelination, and axonal damage. Current treatment options for MS are limited in efficacy, generally linked to adverse side effects, and do not offer a cure. Stem cell therapies have emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for MS, potentially promoting remyelination, exerting immunomodulatory effects and protecting against neurodegeneration. Therefore, this review article focussed on the potential of nano-engineering in stem cells as a therapeutic approach for MS, focusing on the synergistic effects of combining stem cell biology with nanotechnology to stimulate the proliferation of oligodendrocytes (OLs) from neural stem cells and OL precursor cells, by manipulating neural signalling pathways-PDGF, BMP, Wnt, Notch and their essential genes such as Sox, bHLH, Nkx. Here we discuss the pathophysiology of MS, the use of various types of stem cells in MS treatment and their mechanisms of action. In the context of nanotechnology, we present an overview of its applications in the medical and research field and discuss different methods and materials used to nano-engineer stem cells, including surface modification, biomaterials and scaffolds, and nanoparticle-based delivery systems. We further elaborate on nano-engineered stem cell techniques, such as nano script, nano-exosome hybrid, nano-topography and their potentials in MS. The article also highlights enhanced homing, engraftment, and survival of nano-engineered stem cells, targeted and controlled release of therapeutic agents, and immunomodulatory and tissue repair effects with their challenges and limitations. This visual illustration depicts the process of utilizing nano-engineering in stem cells and exosomes for the purpose of delivering more accurate and improved treatments for Multiple Sclerosis (MS). This approach targets specifically the creation of oligodendrocytes, the breakdown of which is the primary pathological factor in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushruta Ghosh
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences Central, University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Gurjit Kaur Bhatti
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, University Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Pushpender Kumar Sharma
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Rajasthan, India
- Amity Centre for Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, Amity University, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ramesh Kandimalla
- Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya Medical College, Warangal, Telangana, India
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sarabjit Singh Mastana
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences Central, University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
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20
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Bahrami S, Feizabadi MM, Mosavari N, Sotoodehnejad F, Eslampanah M. Efficacy of light chain 3-fused protein multi epitope in protection of mice challenged with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2023; 14:659-664. [PMID: 38174093 PMCID: PMC10759770 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2023.1975747.3702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The new strategy for vaccine development such as the fused protein multi-epitope capable of preventing the reactivation of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBi) can be an effective strategy for controlling tuberculosis (TB) worldwide. This study was conducted to evaluate the immunity of experimentally infected BALB/c mice with Mycobacterium tuberculosis after injection of DNA construct. Nineteen female BALB/c mice were divided into three groups and injected with 0.50 mL of M. tuberculosis. After 3 weeks, lung and spleen samples from the infected mice were examined. The protective effects of light chain 3-fused protein multi-epitope against TB were evaluated for post-exposure and therapeutic exposure. The lungs and spleens of the mice were aseptically removed after death for histopathology analysis. The bacterial colonies were counted, and the cells were stained after 3 weeks of incubation. No significant differences were observed between the post-exposure and therapeutic exposure groups. The pathological changes in the lung tissue of mice in these groups included an increase in the thickness of interalveolar septa, hyperemia, and intraparenchymal pulmonary hemorrhage centers (positive control), scattered hyperemic areas (negative control), and hyperemia in the interstitial tissue, scattered hyperemic areas in the lung parenchyma and lymphocytic infiltration centers (experimental group). Flow cytometry of the post-exposure and therapeutic exposure models showed insignificant changes in all three groups. It seems necessary to develop a post-exposure and therapeutic exposure vaccine strategy that focuses on LTBi to prevent the progression of the active disease. In this regard, multi-epitope vaccines should be designed to induce both cellular and humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Bahrami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran;
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Feizabadi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;
- Thoracic Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;
| | - Nader Mosavari
- Bovine Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research,Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran;
| | - Fattah Sotoodehnejad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran;
| | - Mohammad Eslampanah
- Department of Pathology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
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21
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Winchell CG, Nyquist SK, Chao MC, Maiello P, Myers AJ, Hopkins F, Chase M, Gideon HP, Patel KV, Bromley JD, Simonson AW, Floyd-O’Sullivan R, Wadsworth M, Rosenberg JM, Uddin R, Hughes T, Kelly RJ, Griffo J, Tomko J, Klein E, Berger B, Scanga CA, Mattila J, Fortune SM, Shalek AK, Lin PL, Flynn JL. CD8+ lymphocytes are critical for early control of tuberculosis in macaques. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20230707. [PMID: 37843832 PMCID: PMC10579699 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20230707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The functional role of CD8+ lymphocytes in tuberculosis remains poorly understood. We depleted innate and/or adaptive CD8+ lymphocytes in macaques and showed that loss of all CD8α+ cells (using anti-CD8α antibody) significantly impaired early control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, leading to increased granulomas, lung inflammation, and bacterial burden. Analysis of barcoded Mtb from infected macaques demonstrated that depletion of all CD8+ lymphocytes allowed increased establishment of Mtb in lungs and dissemination within lungs and to lymph nodes, while depletion of only adaptive CD8+ T cells (with anti-CD8β antibody) worsened bacterial control in lymph nodes. Flow cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing revealed polyfunctional cytotoxic CD8+ lymphocytes in control granulomas, while CD8-depleted animals were unexpectedly enriched in CD4 and γδ T cells adopting incomplete cytotoxic signatures. Ligand-receptor analyses identified IL-15 signaling in granulomas as a driver of cytotoxic T cells. These data support that CD8+ lymphocytes are required for early protection against Mtb and suggest polyfunctional cytotoxic responses as a vaccine target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caylin G. Winchell
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sarah K. Nyquist
- Program in Computational and Systems Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory and Department of Mathematics, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael C. Chao
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pauline Maiello
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Amy J. Myers
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Forrest Hopkins
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Chase
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hannah P. Gideon
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kush V. Patel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joshua D. Bromley
- Program in Computational and Systems Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory and Department of Mathematics, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Andrew W. Simonson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Roisin Floyd-O’Sullivan
- Broad Institute, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Marc Wadsworth
- Broad Institute, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jacob M. Rosenberg
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rockib Uddin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Travis Hughes
- Broad Institute, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ryan J. Kelly
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Josephine Griffo
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jaime Tomko
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Edwin Klein
- Division of Laboratory Animal Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bonnie Berger
- Broad Institute, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory and Department of Mathematics, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Charles A. Scanga
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joshua Mattila
- Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sarah M. Fortune
- Broad Institute, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alex K. Shalek
- Broad Institute, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory and Department of Mathematics, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Philana Ling Lin
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - JoAnne L. Flynn
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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22
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Li LS, Yang L, Zhuang L, Ye ZY, Zhao WG, Gong WP. From immunology to artificial intelligence: revolutionizing latent tuberculosis infection diagnosis with machine learning. Mil Med Res 2023; 10:58. [PMID: 38017571 PMCID: PMC10685516 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-023-00490-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) has become a major source of active tuberculosis (ATB). Although the tuberculin skin test and interferon-gamma release assay can be used to diagnose LTBI, these methods can only differentiate infected individuals from healthy ones but cannot discriminate between LTBI and ATB. Thus, the diagnosis of LTBI faces many challenges, such as the lack of effective biomarkers from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) for distinguishing LTBI, the low diagnostic efficacy of biomarkers derived from the human host, and the absence of a gold standard to differentiate between LTBI and ATB. Sputum culture, as the gold standard for diagnosing tuberculosis, is time-consuming and cannot distinguish between ATB and LTBI. In this article, we review the pathogenesis of MTB and the immune mechanisms of the host in LTBI, including the innate and adaptive immune responses, multiple immune evasion mechanisms of MTB, and epigenetic regulation. Based on this knowledge, we summarize the current status and challenges in diagnosing LTBI and present the application of machine learning (ML) in LTBI diagnosis, as well as the advantages and limitations of ML in this context. Finally, we discuss the future development directions of ML applied to LTBI diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Sheng Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, the Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100091, China
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, Hebei, China
- Senior Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, Hebei, China
| | - Li Zhuang
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, Hebei, China
| | - Zhao-Yang Ye
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, Hebei, China
| | - Wei-Guo Zhao
- Senior Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Wen-Ping Gong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, the Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100091, China.
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23
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Darmawan G, Liman LMS, Hamijoyo L, Atik N, Alisjahbana B, Sahiratmadja E. Comparison of interferon-gamma production between TB1 and TB2 tubes of QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus: a meta-analysis. Clin Chem Lab Med 2023; 61:2067-2075. [PMID: 37221870 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-0293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES CD8 T-cells play an important role in interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) production as a host defense against tuberculosis (TB) infection. Therefore, QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFT-Plus) was developed by adding a TB2 tube beside the TB1 tube. This study aimed to compare and analyze the difference in IFN-γ production between the two tubes in general and specific populations. CONTENT PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCO were searched for studies reporting IFN-γ production levels in the TB1 and TB2 tubes. Statistical analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3. SUMMARY A total of 17 studies met the inclusion criteria. The IFN-γ production in the TB2 tube was statistically higher than that in the TB1 tube (mean difference (MD)=0.02, 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI): 0.01-0.03). Further subgroup analysis in specific populations revealed that the MD of IFN-γ production between the TB2 and TB1 tubes was significantly higher in active TB subjects than in latent TB infection (LTBI) subjects (MD=1.13, 95 % CI: 0.49-1.77, and MD=0.30, 95 % CI: 0.00-0.60, respectively). A similar finding was found in immune-mediated inflammatory disease subjects, but not statistically significant. Interestingly, IFN-γ production capacity was lower in active TB subjects than in LTBI subjects in each of the TB1 and TB2 tubes. OUTLOOK This study is the first to systematically compare IFN-γ production between the TB1 and TB2 tubes. The IFN-γ production was higher in the TB2 tube than in the TB1 tube, representing the host's CD8 T-cell response magnitude to TB infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guntur Darmawan
- Doctoral Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Krida Wacana Christian University, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Laniyati Hamijoyo
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Nur Atik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Bachti Alisjahbana
- Division of Infectious and Tropical Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
- Research Center for Care and Control of Infectious Disease, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Edhyana Sahiratmadja
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
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24
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Morrow E, Liu Q, Kiguli S, Swarbrick G, Nsereko M, Null MD, Cansler M, Mayanja-Kizza H, Boom WH, Chheng P, Nyendak MR, Lewinsohn DM, Lewinsohn DA, Lancioni CL. Production of Proinflammatory Cytokines by CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells in Response to Mycobacterial Antigens among Children and Adults with Tuberculosis. Pathogens 2023; 12:1353. [PMID: 38003817 PMCID: PMC10675744 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12111353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains a leading cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality. Young children are at high risk of TB following Mtb exposure, and this vulnerability is secondary to insufficient host immunity during early life. Our primary objective was to compare CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell production of proinflammatory cytokines IFN-gamma, IL-2, and TNF-alpha in response to six mycobacterial antigens and superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) between Ugandan adults with confirmed TB (n = 41) and young Ugandan children with confirmed (n = 12) and unconfirmed TB (n = 41), as well as non-TB lower respiratory tract infection (n = 39). Flow cytometry was utilized to identify and quantify CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell cytokine production in response to each mycobacterial antigen and SEB. We found that the frequency of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell production of cytokines in response to SEB was reduced in all pediatric cohorts when compared to adults. However, T-cell responses to Mtb-specific antigens ESAT6 and CFP10 were equivalent between children and adults with confirmed TB. In contrast, cytokine production in response to ESAT6 and CFP10 was limited in children with unconfirmed TB and absent in children with non-TB lower respiratory tract infection. Of the five additional mycobacterial antigens tested, PE3 and PPE15 were broadly recognized regardless of TB disease classification and age. Children with confirmed TB exhibited robust proinflammatory CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses to Mtb-specific antigens prior to the initiation of TB treatment. Our findings suggest that adaptive proinflammatory immune responses to Mtb, characterized by T-cell production of IFN-gamma, IL-2, and TNF-alpha, are not impaired during early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Morrow
- School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Qijia Liu
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Sarah Kiguli
- Department of Pediatrics, Makerere University, Mulago Hill Road, Kampala P.O. Box 7072, Uganda
| | - Gwendolyn Swarbrick
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Mary Nsereko
- Uganda-Case Western Research Collaboration, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Megan D. Null
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Meghan Cansler
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Harriet Mayanja-Kizza
- Uganda-Case Western Research Collaboration, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Medicine, Makerere University, Mulago Hill Road, Kampala P.O. Box 7072, Uganda
| | - W. Henry Boom
- Uganda-Case Western Research Collaboration, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Phalkun Chheng
- Uganda-Case Western Research Collaboration, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Melissa R. Nyendak
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - David M. Lewinsohn
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Deborah A. Lewinsohn
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Christina L. Lancioni
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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25
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Morrison AL, Sarfas C, Sibley L, Williams J, Mabbutt A, Dennis MJ, Lawrence S, White AD, Bodman-Smith M, Sharpe SA. IV BCG Vaccination and Aerosol BCG Revaccination Induce Mycobacteria-Responsive γδ T Cells Associated with Protective Efficacy against M. tb Challenge. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1604. [PMID: 37897006 PMCID: PMC10611416 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11101604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Intravenously (IV) delivered BCG provides superior tuberculosis (TB) protection compared with the intradermal (ID) route in non-human primates (NHPs). We examined how γδ T cell responses changed in vivo after IV BCG vaccination of NHPs, and whether these correlated with protection against aerosol M. tuberculosis challenge. In the circulation, Vδ2 T cell populations expanded after IV BCG vaccination, from a median of 1.5% (range: 0.8-2.3) of the CD3+ population at baseline, to 5.3% (range: 1.4-29.5) 4 weeks after M. tb, and were associated with TB protection. This protection was related to effector and central memory profiles; homing markers; and production of IFN-γ, TNF-α and granulysin. In comparison, Vδ2 cells did not expand after ID BCG, but underwent phenotypic and functional changes. When Vδ2 responses in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples were compared between routes, IV BCG vaccination resulted in highly functional mucosal Vδ2 cells, whereas ID BCG did not. We sought to explore whether an aerosol BCG boost following ID BCG vaccination could induce a γδ profile comparable to that induced with IV BCG. We found evidence that the aerosol BCG boost induced significant changes in the Vδ2 phenotype and function in cells isolated from the BAL. These results indicate that Vδ2 population frequency, activation and function are characteristic features of responses induced with IV BCG, and the translation of responses from the circulation to the site of infection could be a limiting factor in the response induced following ID BCG. An aerosol boost was able to localise activated Vδ2 populations at the mucosal surfaces of the lung. This vaccine strategy warrants further investigation to boost the waning human ID BCG response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra L. Morrison
- Vaccine Development and Evaluation Centre, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Charlotte Sarfas
- Vaccine Development and Evaluation Centre, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Laura Sibley
- Vaccine Development and Evaluation Centre, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Jessica Williams
- Vaccine Development and Evaluation Centre, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Adam Mabbutt
- Vaccine Development and Evaluation Centre, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Mike J. Dennis
- Vaccine Development and Evaluation Centre, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Steve Lawrence
- Vaccine Development and Evaluation Centre, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Andrew D. White
- Vaccine Development and Evaluation Centre, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Mark Bodman-Smith
- Infection and Immunity Research Institute, St. George’s University of London, London SW17 0BD, UK
| | - Sally A. Sharpe
- Vaccine Development and Evaluation Centre, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
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26
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Krishnan V, Nath S, Nair P, Das B. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its clever approaches to escape the deadly macrophage. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:300. [PMID: 37667129 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03735-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mt.b), a deadly disease causer, is a facultative parasite. This microorganism has developed several methods to defend itself, once internalized within specialised vacuoles in the macrophages. A wide array of receptors like the complement receptor mannose receptors, scavenger receptor assists the entry of the microbe within the phagocytic macrophages. However, Mt.b is clever enough to protect itself from the hostile environment of the macrophage thereby prevailing within it. The microbe can efficiently inhibit processes like phagosome-lysosome fusion, acidification of phagosomes, release of proinflammatory cytokines and stop crucial events like apoptosis. Additionally, it also adopts resistance to killing by reactive oxygen intermediates and reactive nitrogen intermediates. There are multiple genes both in host and the pathogen which are involved in this successful survival of Mt.b. The regulation of phagolysosome fusion is mediated by proteins such as Coronin, TlyA, SapM, PnkG, EsxH. The microbe has certain mechanisms to even acquire iron from the host cell, to withstand iron deprivation as a mode of host's defence mechanism. This review focuses on the various defensive adaptations acquired by Mt.b for fighting against the deprived conditions existing within the macrophages and their capability of proliferating successfully within it, thereby resulting in a diseased condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinaya Krishnan
- Department of Biotechnology, Mount Carmel College Autonomous, Bengaluru, 560052, India
| | | | - Preetha Nair
- Department of Biotechnology, Mount Carmel College Autonomous, Bengaluru, 560052, India
| | - Bannhi Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Mount Carmel College Autonomous, Bengaluru, 560052, India.
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27
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Roy A, Kumari Agnivesh P, Sau S, Kumar S, Pal Kalia N. Tweaking host immune responses for novel therapeutic approaches against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103693. [PMID: 37390961 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
In TB, combat between the human host and Mycobacterium tuberculosis involves intricate interactions with immune cells. M. tuberculosis has evolved a complex evasion system to circumvent immune cells, leading to persistence and limiting its clearance by the host. Host-directed therapies are emerging approaches to modulate host responses, including inflammatory responses, cytokine responses, and autophagy, by using small molecules to curb mycobacterial infections. Targeting host immune pathways reduces the chances of antibiotic resistance to M. tuberculosis because, unlike antibiotics, this approach acts directly on the cells of the host. In this review, we discuss the role of immune cells during M. tuberculosis proliferation, provide a updated understanding of immunopathogenesis, and explore the range of host-modulating options for the clearance of this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Roy
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500 037, India
| | - Puja Kumari Agnivesh
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500 037, India
| | - Shashikanta Sau
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500 037, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500 037, India
| | - Nitin Pal Kalia
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500 037, India.
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Khan MT, Mahmud A, Islam MM, Sumaia MSN, Rahim Z, Islam K, Iqbal A. Multi-epitope vaccine against drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a proteome-wide subtraction and immunoinformatics approach. Genomics Inform 2023; 21:e42. [PMID: 37813638 PMCID: PMC10584640 DOI: 10.5808/gi.23021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the causative agent of tuberculosis, one of the most deadly infections in humans. The emergence of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant Mtb strains presents a global challenge. Mtb has shown resistance to many frontline antibiotics, including rifampicin, kanamycin, isoniazid, and capreomycin. The only licensed vaccine, Bacille Calmette-Guerin, does not efficiently protect against adult pulmonary tuberculosis. Therefore, it is urgently necessary to develop new vaccines to prevent infections caused by these strains. We used a subtractive proteomics approach on 23 virulent Mtb strains and identified a conserved membrane protein (MmpL4, NP_214964.1) as both a potential drug target and vaccine candidate. MmpL4 is a non-homologous essential protein in the host and is involved in the pathogen-specific pathway. Furthermore, MmpL4 shows no homology with anti-targets and has limited homology to human gut microflora, potentially reducing the likelihood of adverse effects and cross-reactivity if therapeutics specific to this protein are developed. Subsequently, we constructed a highly soluble, safe, antigenic, and stable multi-subunit vaccine from the MmpL4 protein using immunoinformatics. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed the stability of the vaccine-bound Toll-like receptor-4 complex on a nanosecond scale, and immune simulations indicated strong primary and secondary immune responses in the host. Therefore, our study identifies a new target that could expedite the design of effective therapeutics, and the designed vaccine should be validated. Future directions include an extensive molecular interaction analysis, in silico cloning, wet-lab experiments, and evaluation and comparison of the designed candidate as both a DNA vaccine and protein vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Tahsin Khan
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Araf Mahmud
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Muzahidul Islam
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Mst. Sayedatun Nessa Sumaia
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Zeaur Rahim
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Kamrul Islam
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Asif Iqbal
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
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Diatlova A, Linkova N, Lavrova A, Zinchenko Y, Medvedev D, Krasichkov A, Polyakova V, Yablonskiy P. Molecular Markers of Early Immune Response in Tuberculosis: Prospects of Application in Predictive Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13261. [PMID: 37686061 PMCID: PMC10487556 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains an important public health problem and one of the leading causes of death. Individuals with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) have an increased risk of developing active TB. The problem of the diagnosis of the various stages of TB and the identification of infected patients in the early stages has not yet been solved. The existing tests (the tuberculin skin test and the interferon-gamma release assay) are useful to distinguish between active and latent infections. But these tests cannot be used to predict the development of active TB in individuals with LTBI. The purpose of this review was to analyze the extant data of the interaction of M. tuberculosis with immune cells and identify molecular predictive markers and markers of the early stages of TB. An analysis of more than 90 sources from the literature allowed us to determine various subpopulations of immune cells involved in the pathogenesis of TB, namely, macrophages, dendritic cells, B lymphocytes, T helper cells, cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and NK cells. The key molecular markers of the immune response to M. tuberculosis are cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17, IL-22b, IFNɣ, TNFa, and TGFß), matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-9), and their inhibitors (TIMP-1, TIMP-2, TIMP-3, and TIMP-4). It is supposed that these molecules could be used as biomarkers to characterize different stages of TB infection, to evaluate the effectiveness of its treatment, and as targets of pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Diatlova
- St. Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, Ligovskii Prospect, 2–4, 191036 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalia Linkova
- St. Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, Ligovskii Prospect, 2–4, 191036 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Biogerontology Department, St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, Dynamo pr., 3, 197110 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anastasia Lavrova
- St. Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, Ligovskii Prospect, 2–4, 191036 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Hospital Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, St. Petersburg State University, University Embankment, 7–9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yulia Zinchenko
- St. Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, Ligovskii Prospect, 2–4, 191036 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitrii Medvedev
- Biogerontology Department, St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, Dynamo pr., 3, 197110 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexandr Krasichkov
- Department of Radio Engineering Systems, Electrotechnical University “LETI”, Prof. Popova Street 5F, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Victoria Polyakova
- St. Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, Ligovskii Prospect, 2–4, 191036 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Piotr Yablonskiy
- St. Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, Ligovskii Prospect, 2–4, 191036 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Hospital Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, St. Petersburg State University, University Embankment, 7–9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
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Malamba-Banda C, Mhango C, Benedicto-Matambo P, Mandolo JJ, Chinyama E, Kumwenda O, Barnes KG, Cunliffe NA, Iturriza-Gomara M, Jambo KC, Jere KC. Acute rotavirus infection is associated with the induction of circulating memory CD4 + T cell subsets. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9001. [PMID: 37268634 PMCID: PMC10238530 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35681-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Strong CD4+ T cell-mediated immune protection following rotavirus infection has been observed in animal models, but its relevance in humans remains unclear. Here, we characterized acute and convalescent CD4+ T cell responses in children who were hospitalized with rotavirus-positive and rotavirus-negative diarrhoea in Blantyre, Malawi. Children presenting with laboratory-confirmed rotavirus infection had higher proportions of effector and central memory T helper 2 cells during acute infection i.e., at disease presentation compared to convalescence, 28 days post-infection defined by a follow-up 28 days after acute infection. However, circulating cytokine-producing (IFN-γ and/or TNF-α) rotavirus-specific VP6-specific CD4+ T cells were rarely detectable in children with rotavirus infection at both acute and convalescent stages. Moreover, following whole blood mitogenic stimulation, the responding CD4+ T cells were predominantly non-cytokine producers of IFN-γ and/or TNF-α. Our findings demonstrate limited induction of anti-viral IFN-γ and/or TNF-α-producing CD4+ T cells in rotavirus-vaccinated Malawian children following the development of laboratory-confirmed rotavirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikondi Malamba-Banda
- Biological Sciences Departments, Malawi University of Science and Technology, Thyolo, Malawi
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Research Programme (MLW), Blantyre, Malawi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Health Profession, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Chimwemwe Mhango
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Research Programme (MLW), Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Prisca Benedicto-Matambo
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Research Programme (MLW), Blantyre, Malawi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Health Profession, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jonathan J Mandolo
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Research Programme (MLW), Blantyre, Malawi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - End Chinyama
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Research Programme (MLW), Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Orpha Kumwenda
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Research Programme (MLW), Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Kayla G Barnes
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Research Programme (MLW), Blantyre, Malawi
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Nigel A Cunliffe
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research, Health Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Miren Iturriza-Gomara
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Kondwani C Jambo
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Research Programme (MLW), Blantyre, Malawi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Khuzwayo C Jere
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Research Programme (MLW), Blantyre, Malawi.
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Health Profession, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi.
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
- National Institute for Health and Care Research, Health Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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Stewart P, Patel S, Comer A, Muneer S, Nawaz U, Quann V, Bansal M, Venketaraman V. Role of B Cells in Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11050955. [PMID: 37243059 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11050955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Historically, research on the immunologic response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) infection has focused on T cells and macrophages, as their role in granuloma formation has been robustly characterized. In contrast, the role of B cells in the pathophysiology of M. tb infection has been relatively overlooked. While T cells are well-known as an essential for granuloma formation and maintenance, B cells play a less understood role in the host response. Over the past decade, scarce research on the topic has attempted to elucidate the varying roles of B cells during mycobacterial infection, which appears to be primarily time dependent. From acute to chronic infection, the role of B cells changes with time as evidenced by cytokine release, immunological regulation, and histological morphology of tuberculous granulomas. The goal of this review is to carefully analyze the role of humoral immunity in M. tb infection to find the discriminatory nature of humoral immunity in tuberculosis (TB). We argue that there is a need for more research on the B-cell response against TB, as a better understanding of the role of B cells in defense against TB could lead to effective vaccines and therapies. By focusing on the B-cell response, we can develop new strategies to enhance immunity against TB and reduce the burden of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Stewart
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Shivani Patel
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Andrew Comer
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Shafi Muneer
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Uzma Nawaz
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Violet Quann
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Mira Bansal
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Vishwanath Venketaraman
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
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Shurygina AP, Zabolotnykh N, Vinogradova T, Khairullin B, Kassenov M, Nurpeisova A, Sarsenbayeva G, Sansyzbay A, Vasilyev K, Buzitskaya J, Egorov A, Stukova M. Preclinical Evaluation of TB/FLU-04L-An Intranasal Influenza Vector-Based Boost Vaccine against Tuberculosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087439. [PMID: 37108602 PMCID: PMC10138401 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a major global threat to human health. Since the widely used BCG vaccine is poorly effective in adults, there is a demand for the development of a new type of boost tuberculosis vaccine. We designed a novel intranasal tuberculosis vaccine candidate, TB/FLU-04L, which is based on an attenuated influenza A virus vector encoding two mycobacterium antigens, Ag85A and ESAT-6. As tuberculosis is an airborne disease, the ability to induce mucosal immunity is one of the potential advantages of influenza vectors. Sequences of ESAT-6 and Ag85A antigens were inserted into the NS1 open reading frame of the influenza A virus to replace the deleted carboxyl part of the NS1 protein. The vector expressing chimeric NS1 protein appeared to be genetically stable and replication-deficient in mice and non-human primates. Intranasal immunization of C57BL/6 mice or cynomolgus macaques with the TB/FLU-04L vaccine candidate induced Mtb-specific Th1 immune response. Single TB/FLU-04L immunization in mice showed commensurate levels of protection in comparison to BCG and significantly increased the protective effect of BCG when applied in a "prime-boost" scheme. Our findings show that intranasal immunization with the TB/FLU-04L vaccine, which carries two mycobacterium antigens, is safe, and induces a protective immune response against virulent M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Polina Shurygina
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalia Zabolotnykh
- Saint-Petersburg State Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 191036 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatiana Vinogradova
- Saint-Petersburg State Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 191036 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Berik Khairullin
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeiskiy 080409, Kazakhstan
| | - Markhabat Kassenov
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeiskiy 080409, Kazakhstan
| | - Ainur Nurpeisova
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeiskiy 080409, Kazakhstan
| | - Gulbanu Sarsenbayeva
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeiskiy 080409, Kazakhstan
| | - Abylai Sansyzbay
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeiskiy 080409, Kazakhstan
| | - Kirill Vasilyev
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Janna Buzitskaya
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrey Egorov
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Marina Stukova
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia
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Jiang F, Peng C, Cheng P, Wang J, Lian J, Gong W. PP19128R, a Multiepitope Vaccine Designed to Prevent Latent Tuberculosis Infection, Induced Immune Responses In Silico and In Vitro Assays. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040856. [PMID: 37112768 PMCID: PMC10145841 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is the primary source of active tuberculosis (ATB), but a preventive vaccine against LTBI is lacking. Methods: In this study, dominant helper T lymphocyte (HTL), cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL), and B-cell epitopes were identified from nine antigens related to LTBI and regions of difference (RDs). These epitopes were used to construct a novel multiepitope vaccine (MEV) based on their antigenicity, immunogenicity, sensitization, and toxicity. The immunological characteristics of the MEV were analyzed with immunoinformatics technology and verified by enzyme-linked immunospot assay and Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokine assay in vitro. Results: A novel MEV, designated PP19128R, containing 19 HTL epitopes, 12 CTL epitopes, 8 B-cell epitopes, toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, and helper peptides, was successfully constructed. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the antigenicity, immunogenicity, and solubility of PP19128R were 0.8067, 9.29811, and 0.900675, respectively. The global population coverage of PP19128R in HLA class I and II alleles reached 82.24% and 93.71%, respectively. The binding energies of the PP19128R-TLR2 and PP19128R-TLR4 complexes were -1324.77 kcal/mol and -1278 kcal/mol, respectively. In vitro experiments showed that the PP19128R vaccine significantly increased the number of interferon gamma-positive (IFN-γ+) T lymphocytes and the levels of cytokines, such as IFN-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-10. Furthermore, positive correlations were observed between PP19128R-specific cytokines in ATB patients and individuals with LTBI. Conclusions: The PP19128R vaccine is a promising MEV with excellent antigenicity and immunogenicity and no toxicity or sensitization that can induce robust immune responses in silico and in vitro. This study provides a vaccine candidate for the prevention of LTBI in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Jiang
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The 8th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100091, China
- The Second Brigade of Cadet, Basic Medical Science Academy of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Cong Peng
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The 8th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The 8th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The 8th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jianqi Lian
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Wenping Gong
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The 8th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100091, China
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Panda S, Morgan J, Cheng C, Saito M, Gilman RH, Ciobanu N, Crudu V, Catanzaro DG, Catanzaro A, Rodwell T, Perera JS, Chathuranga T, Gunasena B, DeSilva AD, Peters B, Sette A, Lindestam Arlehamn CS. Identification of differentially recognized T cell epitopes in the spectrum of Mtb infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.12.536550. [PMID: 37090558 PMCID: PMC10120689 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.12.536550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the leading causes of death from a single infectious agent. Identifying dominant epitopes and comparing their reactivity in different tuberculosis (TB) infection states can help design diagnostics and vaccines. We performed a proteome-wide screen of 20,610 Mtb derived peptides in 21 Active TB (ATB) patients 3-4 months post-diagnosis of pulmonary TB (mid-treatment) using an IFNγ and IL-17 Fluorospot assay. Responses were mediated exclusively by IFNγ and identified a total of 137 unique epitopes, with each patient recognizing, on average, 8 individual epitopes and 22 epitopes (16%) recognized by 2 or more participants. Responses were predominantly directed against antigens part of the cell wall and cell processes category. Testing 517 peptides spanning TB vaccine candidates and ESAT-6 and CFP10 antigens also revealed differential recognition between ATB participants mid-treatment and healthy IGRA+ participants of several vaccine antigens. An ATB-specific peptide pool consisting of epitopes exclusively recognized by participants mid-treatment, allowed distinguishing participants with active pulmonary TB from healthy interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA)+/- participants from diverse geographical locations. Analysis of longitudinal samples indicated decreased reactivity during treatment for pulmonary TB. Together, these results show that a proteome-wide screen of T cell reactivity identifies epitopes and antigens that are differentially recognized depending on the Mtb infection stage. These have potential use in developing diagnostics and vaccine candidates and measuring correlates of protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhasini Panda
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Morgan
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Catherine Cheng
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mayuko Saito
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Robert H. Gilman
- Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Nelly Ciobanu
- Phthisiopneumology Institute, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - Valeriu Crudu
- Phthisiopneumology Institute, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - Donald G Catanzaro
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Antonino Catanzaro
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Timothy Rodwell
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Judy S.B. Perera
- Faculty of Medicine, General Sir John Kotelawala Defense University, Ratmalana, Sri Lanka
| | - Teshan Chathuranga
- Faculty of Medicine, General Sir John Kotelawala Defense University, Ratmalana, Sri Lanka
| | - Bandu Gunasena
- National Hospital for Respiratory Diseases, Welisara, Sri Lanka
| | - Aruna D. DeSilva
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, General Sir John Kotelawala Defense University, Ratmalana, Sri Lanka
| | - Bjoern Peters
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Jiang J, Cao Z, Xiao L, Su J, Wang J, Liang J, Yang B, Liu Y, Zhai F, Wang R, Cheng X. Single-cell profiling identifies T cell subsets associated with control of tuberculosis dissemination. Clin Immunol 2023; 248:109266. [PMID: 36796469 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
To identify T cell subsets associated with control of tuberculosis, single-cell transcriptome and T cell receptor sequencing were performed on total T cells from patients with tuberculosis and healthy controls. Fourteen distinct subsets of T cells were identified by unbiased UMAP clustering. A GZMK-expressing CD8+ cytotoxic T cell cluster and a SOX4-expressing CD4+ central memory T cell cluster were depleted, while a MKI67-expressing proliferating CD3+ T cell cluster was expanded in patients with tuberculosis compared with healthy controls. The ratio of Granzyme K-expressing CD8+CD161-Ki-67- and CD8+Ki-67+ T cell subsets was significantly reduced and inversely correlated with the extent of TB lesions in patients with TB. In contrast, ratio of Granzyme B-expressing CD8+Ki-67+ and CD4+CD161+Ki-67- T cells and Granzyme A-expressing CD4+CD161+Ki-67- T cells were correlated with the extent of TB lesions. It is concluded that granzyme K-expressing CD8+ T cell subsets might contribute to protection against tuberculosis dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jiang
- Institute of Research, Beijing Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation and Immune Regulation, Senior Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihong Cao
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Institute of Research, Beijing Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation and Immune Regulation, Senior Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinwen Su
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhe Wang
- Second Division of Tuberculosis, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianqin Liang
- Second Division of Tuberculosis, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bingfen Yang
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhua Liu
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Zhai
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ruo Wang
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxing Cheng
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Duong VT, Skwarczynski M, Toth I. Towards the development of subunit vaccines against tuberculosis: The key role of adjuvant. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2023; 139:102307. [PMID: 36706503 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2023.102307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death triggered by a single infectious agent, worldwide. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is the only currently licensed anti-TB vaccine. However, other strategies, including modification of recombinant BCG vaccine, attenuated Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) mutant constructs, DNA and protein subunit vaccines, are under extensive investigation. As whole pathogen vaccines can trigger serious adverse reactions, most current strategies are focused on the development of safe anti-TB subunit vaccines; this is especially important given the rising TB infection rate in immunocompromised HIV patients. The whole Mtb genome has been mapped and major antigens have been identified; however, optimal vaccine delivery mode is still to be established. Isolated protein antigens are typically poorly immunogenic so adjuvants are required to induce strong and long-lasting immune responses. This article aims to review the developmental status of anti-TB subunit vaccine adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viet Tram Duong
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Mariusz Skwarczynski
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Istvan Toth
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia; School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia.
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Chen J, Xu J, Niu Y, Yao L, Liu X, Chen H, Chen S, Wu M, Yu X, Xu P. The elevated expression of LAG-3 on CD8+T cells correlates with disease severity of pulmonary TB. Microb Pathog 2023; 179:106089. [PMID: 37004963 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3) plays an important role in regulating T-cell responses and inducing peripheral tolerance. Our aim in this study was to investigate the relationship between LAG-3 and active tuberculosis (ATB) and the impact of LAG-3 blockade on CD8+T cells. METHODS Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of LAG-3 on CD4+T and CD8+T cells in the peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from ATB patients and to explore the relationship between LAG-3 and ATB. RESULTS The expression of LAG-3 on CD4+T and CD8+T cells in ATB patients was increased (P < 0.001), and CD8+T cells with high expression of LAG-3 were associated with sputum culture results (P < 0.05). We further analyzed the relationship between the expression of LAG-3 in CD8+T cells and the severity of tuberculosis and found that the expression of LAG-3 on CD8+T cells in smear-positive tuberculosis patients was significantly higher than that in sputum smear-negative tuberculosis patients (P < 0.05). LAG-3 expression on CD8+T cells was negatively correlated with the presence of lung lesions (P < 0.05). After stimulation with a tuberculosis-specific antigen, the expression of LAG-3 on tuberculosis-specific CD8+T cells was also upregulated, and LAG-3-expressing CD8+T cells showed reduced production of IFN-γ, decreased activation, and lower proliferation, while the function of CD8+T cells was restored when LAG-3 signaling was blocked. CONCLUSIONS This study further explored the relationship between immune exhaustion caused by LAG-3 and immune escape of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and revealed that the elevated expression of LAG-3 on CD8+T cells correlates with functional defects of CD8+T cells and the severity of pulmonary TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- The Affiliation Infections Diseases Hospital, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, SuZhou, China
| | - Junchi Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, China.
| | - Yayan Niu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, China
| | - Lin Yao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, China
| | - Xuanmiao Liu
- The Affiliation Infections Diseases Hospital, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, SuZhou, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, China
| | - Siyi Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, China
| | - Meiying Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, China.
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, China.
| | - Ping Xu
- The Affiliation Infections Diseases Hospital, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, SuZhou, China.
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Sánchez-Barinas CD, Vergara-Vanegas V, Gamboa-Hernández CM, Ocampo M, Cuello-Oliveros A, Patarroyo MA, Patarroyo ME. Peptide-pulsed dendritic cells' immunomodulating effect regarding Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth in macrophages. Immunobiology 2023; 228:152346. [PMID: 36805110 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2023.152346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the most successful pathogens affecting humans, being the main cause of tuberculosis. It accounts for most infectious agent-related deaths worldwide; it has been estimated that a third of the world's population are bacillus carriers. This pathogen's evolutionary adaptation is mainly due to its ability to block a host's immune system by preventing it using an effective immune response in cases of active tuberculosis. Peptide-based synthetic vaccines represent an alternative for counteracting tuberculosis; however, although peptide antigens can be identified, they are not recognised by a host's immune system. An approach using dendritic cells as immunomodulating agents for increasing synthetic peptides' antigenic capacity has thus been advanced. Dendritic cells obtained from IL to 4- and GM-CSF-treated peripheral blood mononuclear cells were pulsed with synthetic Mtb protein peptides which have been reported as participating in mycobacteria-host interactions; their amino acid sequences were modified to improve MHC-II coupling and thus increase their recognition by a host's immune system. pMHC-II/TCR interaction triggered a lymphocyte response which controlled Mtb intracellular growth in infected macrophages. This work has been aimed at contributing to understanding dendritic cells' role in Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein peptide antigen presentation, thereby increasing individuals' immune response as a means of controlling the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian D Sánchez-Barinas
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50 No. 26-20, postcode: 111321, Bogotá, Colombia; Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45 No. 26-85, postcode: 111321, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | - Marisol Ocampo
- Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Carrera 3 # 26A - 40, postcode: 110311, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Angela Cuello-Oliveros
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50 No. 26-20, postcode: 111321, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Manuel A Patarroyo
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50 No. 26-20, postcode: 111321, Bogotá, Colombia; Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45 No. 26-85, postcode: 111321, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Manuel E Patarroyo
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50 No. 26-20, postcode: 111321, Bogotá, Colombia; Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45 No. 26-85, postcode: 111321, Bogotá, Colombia
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Larsen SE, Erasmus JH, Reese VA, Pecor T, Archer J, Kandahar A, Hsu FC, Nicholes K, Reed SG, Baldwin SL, Coler RN. An RNA-Based Vaccine Platform for Use against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11010130. [PMID: 36679975 PMCID: PMC9862644 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), a bacterial pathogen that causes tuberculosis disease (TB), exerts an extensive burden on global health. The complex nature of M.tb, coupled with different TB disease stages, has made identifying immune correlates of protection challenging and subsequently slowing vaccine candidate progress. In this work, we leveraged two delivery platforms as prophylactic vaccines to assess immunity and subsequent efficacy against low-dose and ultra-low-dose aerosol challenges with M.tb H37Rv in C57BL/6 mice. Our second-generation TB vaccine candidate ID91 was produced as a fusion protein formulated with a synthetic TLR4 agonist (glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant in a stable emulsion) or as a novel replicating-RNA (repRNA) formulated in a nanostructured lipid carrier. Protein subunit- and RNA-based vaccines preferentially elicit cellular immune responses to different ID91 epitopes. In a single prophylactic immunization screen, both platforms reduced pulmonary bacterial burden compared to the controls. Excitingly, in prime-boost strategies, the groups that received heterologous RNA-prime, protein-boost or combination immunizations demonstrated the greatest reduction in bacterial burden and a unique humoral and cellular immune response profile. These data are the first to report that repRNA platforms are a viable system for TB vaccines and should be pursued with high-priority M.tb antigens containing CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha E. Larsen
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Childrens Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jesse H. Erasmus
- HDT BioCorp, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Valerie A. Reese
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Childrens Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Tiffany Pecor
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Childrens Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Susan L. Baldwin
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Childrens Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Rhea N. Coler
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Childrens Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
- Correspondence:
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40
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Davuluri KS, Singh SV, Chauhan D. Bacterial dissemination in Mycobacterium tuberculosis by CD+ T-cells & proinflammatory cytokines. Indian J Med Res 2023; 158:40-46. [PMID: 37602585 PMCID: PMC10550058 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_2143_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives As CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte numbers decline, the conventional, localized forms of tuberculosis shift to the atypical, disseminated forms. Variations in lymphocyte and immune cell expression levels affect how tuberculosis manifests in disseminated forms. Understanding the relationship between lymphocyte counts (CD4+ and CD8+) and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-12 and interferon, we may therefore be able to shed light on how infections spread and suggest potential biomarkers for these immune factors. Methods In this study, 15 guinea pigs were infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) H37Rv strain and grouped into three groups of five each for further investigation. Serum samples and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were examined for the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and T-cell subsets in guinea pigs infected with pulmonary tuberculosis and disseminated tuberculosis. Results We found that M.tb escapes macrophages due to pro-inflammatory cytokine dysregulation. Despite the protective immunity created by T-cells and cytokines, M.tb bacilli may spread to other organs due to inflammation induced by these immune components. A high number of T-cells and stimulated cytokine production are involved in triggering inflammation after necrotic tissue develops and tuberculosis spreads. Interpretation & conclusions Our findings imply that increased bacilli in the spleen at the 8th wk of infection may be caused by the overexpression of CD4+ T-cell lymphocyte subsets and cytokines that generated inflammation during the 4th wk of infection. This is a pilot study with a small sample size and less assertive inference. Larger studies would be helpful to validate the results of the present investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kusuma Sai Davuluri
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, ICMR-National JALMA Institute for Leprosy & Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Agra, India
- Department Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shoor Vir Singh
- Department Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - D.S. Chauhan
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, ICMR-National JALMA Institute for Leprosy & Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Agra, India
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Yu Z, Shen X, Wang A, Hu C, Chen J. The gut microbiome: A line of defense against tuberculosis development. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1149679. [PMID: 37143744 PMCID: PMC10152471 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1149679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The tuberculosis (TB) burden remains a significant global public health concern, especially in less developed countries. While pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is the most common form of the disease, extrapulmonary tuberculosis, particularly intestinal TB (ITB), which is mostly secondary to PTB, is also a significant issue. With the development of sequencing technologies, recent studies have investigated the potential role of the gut microbiome in TB development. In this review, we summarized studies investigating the gut microbiome in both PTB and ITB patients (secondary to PTB) compared with healthy controls. Both PTB and ITB patients show reduced gut microbiome diversity characterized by reduced Firmicutes and elevated opportunistic pathogens colonization; Bacteroides and Prevotella were reported with opposite alteration in PTB and ITB patients. The alteration reported in TB patients may lead to a disequilibrium in metabolites such as short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, which may recast the lung microbiome and immunity via the "gut-lung axis". These findings may also shed light on the colonization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the gastrointestinal tract and the development of ITB in PTB patients. The findings highlight the crucial role of the gut microbiome in TB, particularly in ITB development, and suggest that probiotics and postbiotics might be useful supplements in shaping a balanced gut microbiome during TB treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Yu
- Munich Medical Research School, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Xiang Shen
- Munich Medical Research School, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Aiyao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chong Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jianyong Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- *Correspondence: Jianyong Chen,
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42
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Collard KJ. A study of the incidence of bovine tuberculosis in the wild red deer herd of Exmoor. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2023; 69:14. [PMID: 36694617 PMCID: PMC9851115 DOI: 10.1007/s10344-022-01638-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is an infectious disease which thrives at the wildlife-livestock interface. Exmoor has the largest herd of wild red deer (Cervus elaphus) in England, and also a large number of dairy and beef farms. The population, health and well-being of the herd are managed by a combination of hunting with hounds and by stalking. This study used a serological assay to determine the incidence of bTB in the population of 106 wild red deer of Exmoor, the relationship between regional deer densities and the presence of bTB in deer, and domestic cattle. The overall number of bTB positive deer was 28.3% (30/106). Stalked deer had a slightly higher incidence of bTB (19 out of 55, 34.55%) than hunted deer (11 out of 51, 21.57%). There was no clear pattern of distribution except for one region which showed an incidence of 42.22% compared with 16.4% in the remainder of the moor. There was little difference in the incidence of bTB between male and female animals. The age of animals in the study ranged from < 1 year to over 10 years. There was no clear difference in the incidence across the age range (< 1 year- > 10 years) with the exception of a particularly high incidence in those animals aged 1 year or less. There was a significant correlation between the presence of deer with bTB and the number of farms reporting bTB positive cattle, but not between the regional population of red deer and bTB in deer or cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith J. Collard
- Badgworthy Trust for the Preservation of Exmoor, The Elms Estate, The Elms Office, Bishops Tawton, Barnstaple, 32 OEJ Devon, EX UK
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43
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Rais M, Abdelaal H, Reese VA, Ferede D, Larsen SE, Pecor T, Erasmus JH, Archer J, Khandhar AP, Cooper SK, Podell BK, Reed SG, Coler RN, Baldwin SL. Immunogenicity and protection against Mycobacterium avium with a heterologous RNA prime and protein boost vaccine regimen. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2023; 138:102302. [PMID: 36586154 PMCID: PMC10361416 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2022.102302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Prophylactic efficacy of two different delivery platforms for vaccination against Mycobacterium avium (M. avium) were tested in this study; a subunit and an RNA-based vaccine. The vaccine antigen, ID91, includes four mycobacterial antigens: Rv3619, Rv2389, Rv3478, and Rv1886. We have shown that ID91+GLA-SE is effective against a clinical NTM isolate, M. avium 2-151 smt. Here, we extend these results and show that a heterologous prime/boost strategy with a repRNA-ID91 (replicon RNA) followed by protein ID91+GLA-SE boost is superior to the subunit protein vaccine given as a homologous prime/boost regimen. The repRNA-ID91/ID91+GLA-SE heterologous regimen elicited a higher polyfunctional CD4+ TH1 immune response when compared to the homologous protein prime/boost regimen. More significantly, among all the vaccine regimens tested only repRNA-ID91/ID91+GLA-SE induced IFN-γ and TNF-secreting CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, the repRNA-ID91/ID91+GLA-SE vaccine strategy elicited high systemic proinflammatory cytokine responses and induced strong ID91 and an Ag85B-specific humoral antibody response a pre- and post-challenge with M. avium 2-151 smt. Finally, while all prophylactic prime/boost vaccine regimens elicited a degree of protection in beige mice, the heterologous repRNA-ID91/ID91+GLA-SE vaccine regimen provided greater pulmonary protection than the homologous protein prime/boost regimen. These data indicate that a prophylactic heterologous repRNA-ID91/ID91+GLA-SE vaccine regimen augments immunogenicity and confers protection against M. avium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maham Rais
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98145, USA
| | - Hazem Abdelaal
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98145, USA
| | - Valerie A Reese
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98145, USA
| | - Debora Ferede
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98145, USA
| | - Sasha E Larsen
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98145, USA
| | - Tiffany Pecor
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98145, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sarah K Cooper
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98145, USA
| | - Brendan K Podell
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98145, USA
| | | | - Rhea N Coler
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98145, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Susan L Baldwin
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98145, USA.
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Ashenafi S, Brighenti S. Reinventing the human tuberculosis (TB) granuloma: Learning from the cancer field. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1059725. [PMID: 36591229 PMCID: PMC9797505 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1059725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the deadliest infectious diseases in the world and every 20 seconds a person dies from TB. An important attribute of human TB is induction of a granulomatous inflammation that creates a dynamic range of local microenvironments in infected organs, where the immune responses may be considerably different compared to the systemic circulation. New and improved technologies for in situ quantification and multimodal imaging of mRNA transcripts and protein expression at the single-cell level have enabled significantly improved insights into the local TB granuloma microenvironment. Here, we review the most recent data on regulation of immunity in the TB granuloma with an enhanced focus on selected in situ studies that enable spatial mapping of immune cell phenotypes and functions. We take advantage of the conceptual framework of the cancer-immunity cycle to speculate how local T cell responses may be enhanced in the granuloma microenvironment at the site of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. This includes an exploratory definition of "hot", immune-inflamed, and "cold", immune-excluded TB granulomas that does not refer to the level of bacterial replication or metabolic activity, but to the relative infiltration of T cells into the infected lesions. Finally, we reflect on the current knowledge and controversy related to reactivation of active TB in cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors such as PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4. An understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved in the induction and maintenance or disruption of immunoregulation in the TB granuloma microenvironment may provide new avenues for host-directed therapies that can support standard antibiotic treatment of persistent TB disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senait Ashenafi
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Karolinska Institutet, ANA Futura, Huddinge, Sweden,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital and Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Susanna Brighenti
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Karolinska Institutet, ANA Futura, Huddinge, Sweden,*Correspondence: Susanna Brighenti,
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45
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Immune cell interactions in tuberculosis. Cell 2022; 185:4682-4702. [PMID: 36493751 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite having been identified as the organism that causes tuberculosis in 1882, Mycobacterium tuberculosis has managed to still evade our understanding of the protective immune response against it, defying the development of an effective vaccine. Technology and novel experimental models have revealed much new knowledge, particularly with respect to the heterogeneity of the bacillus and the host response. This review focuses on certain immunological elements that have recently yielded exciting data and highlights the importance of taking a holistic approach to understanding the interaction of M. tuberculosis with the many host cells that contribute to the development of protective immunity.
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46
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Jeong EK, Lee HJ, Jung YJ. Host-Directed Therapies for Tuberculosis. Pathogens 2022; 11:1291. [PMID: 36365041 PMCID: PMC9697779 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11111291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, consistently threatening public health. Conventional tuberculosis treatment requires a long-term treatment regimen and is associated with side effects. The efficacy of antitubercular drugs has decreased with the emergence of drug-resistant TB; therefore, the development of new TB treatment strategies is urgently needed. In this context, we present host-directed therapy (HDT) as an alternative to current tuberculosis therapy. Unlike antitubercular drugs that directly target Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of TB, HDT is an approach for treating TB that appropriately modulates host immune responses. HDT primarily aims to enhance the antimicrobial activity of the host in order to control Mtb infection and attenuate excessive inflammation in order to minimize tissue damage. Recently, research based on the repositioning of drugs for use in HDT has been in progress. Based on the overall immune responses against Mtb infection and the immune-evasion mechanisms of Mtb, this review examines the repositioned drugs available for HDT and their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eui-Kwon Jeong
- BIT Medical Convergence Graduate Program, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Hyo-Ji Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
- Kangwon Radiation Convergence Research Support Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Jung
- BIT Medical Convergence Graduate Program, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
- Kangwon Radiation Convergence Research Support Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
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47
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Esmael A, Mihret A, Abebe T, Mussa D, Neway S, Ernst J, Rengarajan J, Wassie L, Howe R. Persistent expression of activation markers on Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific CD4 T cells in smear negative TB patients. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271234. [PMID: 36040958 PMCID: PMC9426896 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background T cell activation (HLA-DR, CD-38), proliferation (KI-67), and functional (IFN-γ, TNF-α) markers have recently been shown to be useful in predicting and monitoring anti-TB responses in smear positive TB, but previous research did not characterize the activation and proliferation profiles after therapy of smear negative TB. Methodology In this study, we used polychromatic flow cytometry to assess selected PPD-specific T cell markers using fresh PBMC of smear negative and positive pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients, recruited from health facilities in Addis Ababa. Result Levels of activation (HLA-DR, CD38) and proliferation (Ki-67) among total unstimulated CD4 T cells decreased significantly after therapy, particularly at month 6. Similarly, levels of PPD-specific T cell activation markers (HLA-DR, CD-38) were significantly lower in smear positive PTB patients following treatment, whereas a consistent decline in these markers was less apparent among smear negative PTB patients at the sixth month. Conclusion After six months of standard anti-TB therapy, persistent levels of activation of HLA-DR and CD-38 from PPD specific CD4+T cells in this study could indicate that those markers have little value in monitoring and predicting anti-TB treatment response in smear negative pulmonary TB patients in Ethiopian context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Esmael
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
| | - Adane Mihret
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tamrat Abebe
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Mussa
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Sebsibe Neway
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Joel Ernst
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jyothi Rengarajan
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Emory Vaccine Center, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Liya Wassie
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Rawleigh Howe
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Singh S, Saavedra-Avila NA, Tiwari S, Porcelli SA. A century of BCG vaccination: Immune mechanisms, animal models, non-traditional routes and implications for COVID-19. Front Immunol 2022; 13:959656. [PMID: 36091032 PMCID: PMC9459386 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.959656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) has been used as a vaccine against tuberculosis since 1921 and remains the only currently approved vaccine for this infection. The recent discovery that BCG protects against initial infection, and not just against progression from latent to active disease, has significant implications for ongoing research into the immune mechanisms that are relevant to generate a solid host defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). In this review, we first explore the different components of immunity that are augmented after BCG vaccination. Next, we summarize current efforts to improve the efficacy of BCG through the development of recombinant strains, heterologous prime-boost approaches and the deployment of non-traditional routes. These efforts have included the development of new recombinant BCG strains, and various strategies for expression of important antigens such as those deleted during the M. bovis attenuation process or antigens that are present only in Mtb. BCG is typically administered via the intradermal route, raising questions about whether this could account for its apparent failure to generate long-lasting immunological memory in the lungs and the inconsistent level of protection against pulmonary tuberculosis in adults. Recent years have seen a resurgence of interest in the mucosal and intravenous delivery routes as they have been shown to induce a better immune response both in the systemic and mucosal compartments. Finally, we discuss the potential benefits of the ability of BCG to confer trained immunity in a non-specific manner by broadly stimulating a host immunity resulting in a generalized survival benefit in neonates and the elderly, while potentially offering benefits for the control of new and emerging infectious diseases such as COVID-19. Given that BCG will likely continue to be widely used well into the future, it remains of critical importance to better understand the immune responses driven by it and how to leverage these for the design of improved vaccination strategies against tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Singh
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Shivani Singh,
| | | | - Sangeeta Tiwari
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, Texas, United States
| | - Steven A. Porcelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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Negi K, Bhaskar A, Dwivedi VP. Progressive Host-Directed Strategies to Potentiate BCG Vaccination Against Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:944183. [PMID: 35967410 PMCID: PMC9365942 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.944183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pursuit to improve the TB control program comprising one approved vaccine, M. bovis Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) has directed researchers to explore progressive approaches to halt the eternal TB pandemic. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) was first identified as the causative agent of TB in 1882 by Dr. Robert Koch. However, TB has plagued living beings since ancient times and continues to endure as an eternal scourge ravaging even with existing chemoprophylaxis and preventive therapy. We have scientifically come a long way since then, but despite accessibility to the standard antimycobacterial antibiotics and prophylactic vaccine, almost one-fourth of humankind is infected latently with M.tb. Existing therapeutics fail to control TB, due to the upsurge of drug-resistant strains and increasing incidents of co-infections in immune-compromised individuals. Unresponsiveness to established antibiotics leaves patients with no therapeutic possibilities. Hence the search for an efficacious TB immunization strategy is a global health priority. Researchers are paving the course for efficient vaccination strategies with the radically advanced operation of core principles of protective immune responses against M.tb. In this review; we have reassessed the progression of the TB vaccination program comprising BCG immunization in children and potential stratagems to reinforce BCG-induced protection in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ved Prakash Dwivedi
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
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50
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Cheng P, Wang L, Gong W. Cellular Immunity of Patients with Tuberculosis Combined with Diabetes. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:6837745. [PMID: 35692502 PMCID: PMC9177301 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6837745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of humanity's three major infectious diseases. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia due to impaired insulin secretion or impaired insulin function. It has been reported that DM is a primary risk factor for TB disease. Given the increasing public health threat to people's health, more and more studies have focused on diabetes complicated by TB. Hyperglycemia can affect the function of human immune cells, promote primary infections and reactivation of TB, and increase the susceptibility and severity of TB. However, the immunological mechanism behind it is still not clear. By reviewing the related articles on tuberculosis complicated with diabetes published in recent years, this paper expounds on the effect of hyperglycemia on innate immunity and adaptive immunity of patients with TB. This review provides new insights for elucidating the immunological mechanism of TB complicated with DM and lays the foundation for finding potential targets for preventing and treating TB combined with DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Cheng
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The 8th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100091, China
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000 Hebei, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The 8th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Wenping Gong
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The 8th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100091, China
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