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Shen C, Fan X, Mao Y, Jiang J. Amphiregulin in lung diseases: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37292. [PMID: 38394508 PMCID: PMC10883632 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Amphiregulin is a member of the EGFR family, which is involved in many physiological and pathological processes through its binding with EGFR. Studies have found that amphiregulin plays an important role in the occurrence and development of lung diseases. This paper mainly reviews the structure and function of amphiregulin and focuses on the important role of amphiregulin in lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Shen
- Department of Pediatrics, Linping Branch, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, Linping Branch, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yueyan Mao
- Department of Pediatrics, Linping Branch, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junsheng Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Linping Branch, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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2
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Zhu X, Ji J, Han X. Osteopontin: an essential regulatory protein in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. J Mol Histol 2024; 55:1-13. [PMID: 37878112 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-023-10169-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive, chronic lung disease characterized by abnormal proliferation and activation of fibroblasts, excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM), inflammatory damage, and disrupted alveolar structure. Despite its increasing morbidity and mortality rates, effective clinical treatments for IPF remain elusive. Osteopontin (OPN), a multifunctional ECM protein found in various tissues, has been implicated in numerous biological processes such as bone remodeling, innate immunity, acute and chronic inflammation, and cancer. Recent studies have highlighted the pivotal role of OPN in the pathogenesis of IPF. This review aims to delve into the involvement of OPN in the inflammatory response, ECM deposition, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) during IPF, and intends to lay a solid theoretical groundwork for the development of therapeutic strategies for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhu
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Hankou Road 22, Nanjing, 210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Jie Ji
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Hankou Road 22, Nanjing, 210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Hankou Road 22, Nanjing, 210093, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
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3
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Keshavan S, Bannuscher A, Drasler B, Barosova H, Petri-Fink A, Rothen-Rutishauser B. Comparing species-different responses in pulmonary fibrosis research: Current understanding of in vitro lung cell models and nanomaterials. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 183:106387. [PMID: 36652970 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic, irreversible lung disease that is typically fatal and characterized by an abnormal fibrotic response. As a result, vast areas of the lungs are gradually affected, and gas exchange is impaired, making it one of the world's leading causes of death. This can be attributed to a lack of understanding of the onset and progression of the disease, as well as a poor understanding of the mechanism of adverse responses to various factors, such as exposure to allergens, nanomaterials, environmental pollutants, etc. So far, the most frequently used preclinical evaluation paradigm for PF is still animal testing. Nonetheless, there is an urgent need to understand the factors that induce PF and find novel therapeutic targets for PF in humans. In this regard, robust and realistic in vitro fibrosis models are required to understand the mechanism of adverse responses. Over the years, several in vitro and ex vivo models have been developed with the goal of mimicking the biological barriers of the lung as closely as possible. This review summarizes recent progress towards the development of experimental models suitable for predicting fibrotic responses, with an emphasis on cell culture methods, nanomaterials, and a comparison of results from studies using cells from various species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Keshavan
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, Fribourg CH-1700, Switzerland
| | - Anne Bannuscher
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, Fribourg CH-1700, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Drasler
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, Fribourg CH-1700, Switzerland
| | - Hana Barosova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, Prague 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Alke Petri-Fink
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, Fribourg CH-1700, Switzerland; Chemistry Department, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, Fribourg 1700, Switzerland
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4
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Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Adv Respir Med 2023; 91:26-48. [PMID: 36825939 PMCID: PMC9952569 DOI: 10.3390/arm91010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The respiratory system is a well-organized multicellular organ, and disruption of cellular homeostasis or abnormal tissue repair caused by genetic deficiency and exposure to risk factors lead to life-threatening pulmonary disease including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Although there is no clear etiology as the name reflected, its pathological progress is closely related to uncoordinated cellular and molecular signals. Here, we review the advances in our understanding of the role of lung tissue cells in IPF pathology including epithelial cells, mesenchymal stem cells, fibroblasts, immune cells, and endothelial cells. These advances summarize the role of various cell components and signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, which is helpful to further study the pathological mechanism of the disease, provide new opportunities for disease prevention and treatment, and is expected to improve the survival rate and quality of life of patients.
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Maggi E, Parronchi P, Azzarone BG, Moretta L. A pathogenic integrated view explaining the different endotypes of asthma and allergic disorders. Allergy 2022; 77:3267-3292. [PMID: 35842745 DOI: 10.1111/all.15445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The inflammation of allergic diseases is characterized by a complex interaction between type 2 and type 3 immune responses, explaining clinical symptoms and histopathological patterns. Airborne stimuli activate the mucosal epithelium to release a number of molecules impacting the activity of resident immune and environmental cells. Signals from the mucosal barrier, regulatory cells, and the inflamed tissue are crucial conditions able to modify innate and adaptive effector cells providing the selective homing of eosinophils or neutrophils. The high plasticity of resident T- and innate lymphoid cells responding to external signals is the prerequisite to explain the multiplicity of endotypes of allergic diseases. This notion paved the way for the huge use of specific biologic drugs interfering with pathogenic mechanisms of inflammation. Based on the response of the epithelial barrier, the activity of resident regulatory cells, and functions of structural non-lymphoid environmental cells, this review proposes some immunopathogenic scenarios characterizing the principal endotypes which can be associated with a precise phenotype of asthma. Recent literature indicates that similar concepts can also be applied to the inflammation of other non-respiratory allergic disorders. The next challenges will consist in defining specific biomarker(s) of each endotype allowing for a quick diagnosis and the most effective personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Maggi
- Department of Immunology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Parronchi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Department of Immunology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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6
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Makaremi S, Asgarzadeh A, Kianfar H, Mohammadnia A, Asghariazar V, Safarzadeh E. The role of IL-1 family of cytokines and receptors in pathogenesis of COVID-19. Inflamm Res 2022; 71:923-947. [PMID: 35751653 PMCID: PMC9243884 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01596-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A global pandemic has erupted as a result of the new brand coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This pandemic has been consociated with widespread mortality worldwide. The antiviral immune response is an imperative factor in confronting the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections. Meantime, cytokines recognize as crucial components in guiding the appropriate immune pathways in the restraining and eradication of the virus. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 can induce uncontrolled inflammatory responses characterized by hyper-inflammatory cytokine production, which causes cytokine storm and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). As excessive inflammatory responses are contributed to the severe stage of the COVID-19 disease, therefore, the pro-inflammatory cytokines are regarded as the Achilles heel during COVID-19 infection. Among these cytokines, interleukin (IL-) 1 family cytokines (IL-1, IL-18, IL-33, IL-36, IL-37, and IL-38) appear to have a strong inflammatory role in severe COVID-19. Hence, understanding the underlying inflammatory mechanism of these cytokines during infection is critical for reducing the symptoms and severity of the disease. Here, the possible mechanisms and pathways involved in inflammatory immune responses are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Makaremi
- School of Medicine and Allied Medical Sciences, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.,Department of Health Information Management, School of Medicine and Allied Medical Sciences, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Ali Asgarzadeh
- Students Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.,Department of Health Information Management, School of Medicine and Allied Medical Sciences, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Hamed Kianfar
- Students Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.,Department of Health Information Management, School of Medicine and Allied Medical Sciences, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Alireza Mohammadnia
- Department of Health Information Management, School of Medicine and Allied Medical Sciences, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Vahid Asghariazar
- Department of Health Information Management, School of Medicine and Allied Medical Sciences, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Elham Safarzadeh
- Department of Health Information Management, School of Medicine and Allied Medical Sciences, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran. .,Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
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7
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Crosstalk between ILC2s and Th2 CD4+ T Cells in Lung Disease. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:8871037. [PMID: 35592688 PMCID: PMC9113865 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8871037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokine secretion, such as interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, IL-9, IL-13, and amphiregulin (Areg), by type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) is indispensable for homeostasis, remodeling/repairing tissue structure, inflammation, and tumor immunity. Often viewed as the innate cell surrogate of T helper type 2 (Th2) cells, ILC2s not only secrete the same type 2 cytokines, but are also inextricably related to CD4+T cells in terms of cell origin and regulatory factors, bridging between innate and adaptive immunity. ILC2s interact with CD4+T cells to play a leading role in a variety of diseases through secretory factors. Here, we review the latest progress on ILC2s and CD4+T cells in the lung, the close relationship between the two, and their relevance in the lung disease and immunity. This literature review aids future research in pulmonary type 2 immune diseases and guides innovative treatment approaches for these diseases.
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Oppenheimer J, Hoyte FCL, Phipatanakul W, Silver J, Howarth P, Lugogo NL. Allergic and eosinophilic asthma in the era of biomarkers and biologics: similarities, differences and misconceptions. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2022; 129:169-180. [PMID: 35272048 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2022.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Severe asthma is associated with substantial personal and economic burden; maintaining disease control is the key management goal. Increased understanding of asthma heterogeneity and development of type 2 (T2)-targeting biologics has substantially advanced disease management and outcomes; however, despite both being driven by T2 inflammation, allergic and eosinophilic asthma have different treatment recommendations. We sought to better understand the similarities and differences between allergic and eosinophilic asthma and highlight where misconceptions may arise. DATA SOURCES Published articles, pivotal trials, post hoc analyses, and asthma clinical guidelines sourced from PubMed. STUDY SELECTIONS Sources reporting allergic and eosinophilic asthma classifications, disease mechanisms, and biomarkers associated with treatment response. RESULTS This review highlights that severe allergic and eosinophilic asthma are both driven by T2 inflammation with eosinophils playing a cardinal role. Despite this overlap, treatment recommendations differ based on asthma classification. T2 cytokine gene expression is a reasonably well-established research tool, but not a well-established biomarker in clinical practice, unlike blood eosinophil counts, fractional exhaled nitric oxide, and immunoglobulin E; the clinical relevance of immunoglobulin E as a predictive biomarker remains unclear. CONCLUSION Asthma classifications that can be easily characterized at patient level to ensure accurate diagnosis, predict disease trajectory, and treatment response are required. The current dichotomy of allergic and eosinophilic asthma classifications is likely too simplistic, given the similar eosinophil-mediated disease pathophysiology in both classifications. Our results provide future directions to guide clinically meaningful interpretation of asthma endophenotypes, which may improve understanding of severe asthma characterization and aid future advances in defining responders more precisely with personalized medicine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Flavia C L Hoyte
- National Jewish Health and University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado
| | - Wanda Phipatanakul
- Harvard Medical School and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jared Silver
- US Medical Affairs-Respiratory, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Peter Howarth
- Respiratory Medical Franchise, GlaxoSmithKline, Brentford, United Kingdom
| | - Njira L Lugogo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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9
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Yin YQ, Peng F, Situ HJ, Xie JL, Tan L, Wei J, Jiang FF, Zhang SQ, Liu J. Construction of prediction model of inflammation related genes in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and its correlation with immune microenvironment. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1010345. [PMID: 36601116 PMCID: PMC9806212 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1010345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of inflammation in the formation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has gained a lot of attention recently. However, the involvement of genes related to inflammation and immune exchange environment status in the prognosis of IPF remains to be further clarified. The objective of this research is to establish a new model for the prediction of the overall survival (OS) rate of inflammation-related IPF. METHODS Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) was employed to obtain the three expression microarrays of IPF, including two from alveolar lavage fluid cells and one from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. To construct the risk assessment model of inflammation-linked genes, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (lasso), univariate cox and multivariate stepwise regression, and random forest method were used. The proportion of immune cell infiltration was evaluated by single sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA) algorithm. RESULTS The value of genes linked with inflammation in the prognosis of IPF was analyzed, and a four-genes risk model was constructed, including tpbg, Myc, ffar2, and CCL2. It was highlighted by Kaplan Meier (K-M) survival analysis that patients with high-risk scores had worse overall survival time in all training and validation sets, and univariate and multivariate analysis highlighted that it has the potential to act as an independent risk indicator for poor prognosis. ROC analysis showed that the prediction efficiency of 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS time in the training set reached 0.784, 0.835, and 0.921, respectively. Immune infiltration analysis showed that Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSC), macrophages, regulatory T cells, cd4+ t cells, neutrophils, and dendritic cells were more infiltrated in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group. CONCLUSION Inflammation-related genes can be well used to evaluate the IPF prognosis and impart a new idea for the treatment and follow-up management of IPF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Qiu Yin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yue Bei People’s Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng Peng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yue Bei People’s Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui-Jing Situ
- Department of Radiotherapy, Yue Bei People’s Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun-Ling Xie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yue Bei People’s Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Liming Tan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yue Bei People’s Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Wei
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yue Bei People’s Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Fang-fang Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yue Bei People’s Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Shan-Qiang Zhang
- Medical Research Center, Yue Bei People’s Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Medical Research Center, Yue Bei People’s Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, Guangdong, China
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10
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Huang WC, Huang TH, Yeh KW, Chen YL, Shen SC, Liou CJ. Ginsenoside Rg3 ameliorates allergic airway inflammation and oxidative stress in mice. J Ginseng Res 2021; 45:654-664. [PMID: 34764720 PMCID: PMC8569325 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ginsenoside Rg3, isolated from Panax ginseng, has anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities. It is known to reduce inflammation in acute lung injury in mice, and to reduce the expression of inflammatory cytokines and COX-2 in human asthmatic airway epithelium. In this study, we attempted to determine whether ginsenoside Rg3 inhibits airway inflammation, oxidative stress, and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in the lungs of asthmatic mice. We also investigated its effects on oxidative stress and the inflammatory response in tracheal epithelial cells. Methods Asthma symptoms were induced in female BALB/c mice sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA). Mice were divided into five groups: normal controls, OVA-induced asthmatic controls, and asthmatic mice treated with ginsenoside Rg3 or prednisolone by intraperitoneal injection. Inflammatory BEAS-2B cells (human tracheal epithelial cells) treated with ginsenoside Rg3 to investigate its effects on inflammatory cytokines and oxidative responses. Results Ginsenoside Rg3 treatment significantly reduced eosinophil infiltration, oxidative responses, airway inflammation, and AHR in the lungs of asthmatic mice. Ginsenoside Rg3 reduced Th2 cytokine and chemokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids and lung. Inflammatory BEAS-2B cells treated with ginsenoside Rg3 reduced the eotaxin and pro-inflammatory cytokine expressions, and monocyte adherence to BEAS-2B cells was significantly reduced as a result of decreased ICAM-1 expression. Furthermore, ginsenoside Rg3 reduced the expression of reactive oxygen species in inflammatory BEAS-2B cells. Conclusion Ginsenoside Rg3 is a potential immunomodulator that can ameliorate pathological features of asthma by decreasing oxidative stress and inflammation Ginsenoside Rg3 reduced eosinophil infiltration, and airway hyperresponsiveness in the lungs of asthmatic mice. Ginsenoside Rg3 inhibited oxidative responses in the lungs. Ginsenoside Rg3 reduced the levels of Th2 cytokines in BALF and lung. Ginsenoside Rg3 inhibited monocyte cell adherence to tracheal epithelial cells. Ginsenoside Rg3 reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in tracheal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Hung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wei Yeh
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Chen
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Chuan Shen
- Graduate Program of Nutrition Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chian-Jiun Liou
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
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11
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Wardlaw AJ, Rick EM, Pur Ozyigit L, Scadding A, Gaillard EA, Pashley CH. New Perspectives in the Diagnosis and Management of Allergic Fungal Airway Disease. J Asthma Allergy 2021; 14:557-573. [PMID: 34079294 PMCID: PMC8164695 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s251709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergy to airway-colonising, thermotolerant, filamentous fungi represents a distinct eosinophilic endotype of often severe lung disease. This endotype, which particularly affects adult asthma, but also complicates other airway diseases and sometimes occurs de novo, has a heterogeneous presentation ranging from severe eosinophilic asthma to lobar collapse. Its hallmark is lung damage, characterised by fixed airflow obstruction (FAO), bronchiectasis and lung fibrosis. It has a number of monikers including severe asthma with fungal sensitisation (SAFS) and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis/mycosis (ABPA/M), but these exclusive terms constitute only sub-sets of the condition. In order to capture the full extent of the syndrome we prefer the inclusive term allergic fungal airway disease (AFAD), the criteria for which are IgE sensitisation to relevant fungi in association with airway disease. The primary fungus involved is Aspergillus fumigatus, but a number of other thermotolerant species from several genera have been implicated. The unifying mechanism involves germination of inhaled fungal spores in the lung in the context of IgE sensitisation, leading to a persistent and vigorous eosinophilic inflammatory response in association with release of fungal proteases. Most allergenic fungi, including Alternaria and Cladosporium species, are not thermotolerant and cannot germinate in the airways so only act as aeroallergens and do not cause AFAD. Studies of the airway mycobiome have shown that A. fumigatus colonises the normal as much as the asthmatic airway, suggesting it is the tendency to become IgE-sensitised that is the critical triggering factor for AFAD rather than colonisation per se. Treatment is aimed at preventing exacerbations with glucocorticoids and increasingly by the use of anti-T2 biological therapies. Anti-fungal therapy has a limited place in management, but is an effective treatment for fungal bronchitis which complicates AFAD in about 10% of cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Wardlaw
- Institute for Lung Health, Department of Respiratory Sciences, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, and Allergy and Respiratory Medicine Service, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre: Respiratory, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Eva-Maria Rick
- Institute for Lung Health, Department of Respiratory Sciences, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, and Allergy and Respiratory Medicine Service, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre: Respiratory, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Leyla Pur Ozyigit
- Allergy and Respiratory Services University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Alys Scadding
- Allergy and Respiratory Services University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Erol A Gaillard
- Institute for Lung Health, Department of Respiratory Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Department of Paediatrics, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre: Respiratory, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Catherine H Pashley
- Institute for Lung Health, Department of Respiratory Sciences, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, and Allergy and Respiratory Medicine Service, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre: Respiratory, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
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12
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Gomez-Casado C, Sanchez-Solares J, Izquierdo E, Díaz-Perales A, Barber D, Escribese MM. Oral Mucosa as a Potential Site for Diagnosis and Treatment of Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases. Foods 2021; 10:970. [PMID: 33925074 PMCID: PMC8146604 DOI: 10.3390/foods10050970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Most prevalent food allergies during early childhood are caused by foods with a high allergenic protein content, such as milk, egg, nuts, or fish. In older subjects, some respiratory allergies progressively lead to food-induced allergic reactions, which can be severe, such as urticaria or asthma. Oral mucosa remodeling has been recently proven to be a feature of severe allergic phenotypes and autoimmune diseases. This remodeling process includes epithelial barrier disruption and the release of inflammatory signals. Although little is known about the immune processes taking place in the oral mucosa, there are a few reports describing the oral mucosa-associated immune system. In this review, we will provide an overview of the recent knowledge about the role of the oral mucosa in food-induced allergic reactions, as well as in severe respiratory allergies or food-induced autoimmune diseases, such as celiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Gomez-Casado
- Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, San Pablo CEU University, 28003 Madrid, Spain; (J.S.-S.); (E.I.); (D.B.); (M.M.E.)
| | - Javier Sanchez-Solares
- Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, San Pablo CEU University, 28003 Madrid, Spain; (J.S.-S.); (E.I.); (D.B.); (M.M.E.)
| | - Elena Izquierdo
- Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, San Pablo CEU University, 28003 Madrid, Spain; (J.S.-S.); (E.I.); (D.B.); (M.M.E.)
| | - Araceli Díaz-Perales
- Center of Plant Biotechnology and Genomics, Technical University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Domingo Barber
- Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, San Pablo CEU University, 28003 Madrid, Spain; (J.S.-S.); (E.I.); (D.B.); (M.M.E.)
| | - María M. Escribese
- Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, San Pablo CEU University, 28003 Madrid, Spain; (J.S.-S.); (E.I.); (D.B.); (M.M.E.)
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13
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Hirahara K, Kokubo K, Aoki A, Kiuchi M, Nakayama T. The Role of CD4 + Resident Memory T Cells in Local Immunity in the Mucosal Tissue - Protection Versus Pathology. Front Immunol 2021; 12:616309. [PMID: 33968018 PMCID: PMC8097179 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.616309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Memory T cells are crucial for both local and systemic protection against pathogens over a long period of time. Three major subsets of memory T cells; effector memory T (TEM) cells, central memory T (TCM) cells, and tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells have been identified. The most recently identified subset, TRM cells, is characterized by the expression of the C-type lectin CD69 and/or the integrin CD103. TRM cells persist locally at sites of mucosal tissue, such as the lung, where they provide frontline defense against various pathogens. Importantly, however, TRM cells are also involved in shaping the pathology of inflammatory diseases. A number of pioneering studies revealed important roles of CD8+ TRM cells, particularly those in the local control of viral infection. However, the protective function and pathogenic role of CD4+ TRM cells that reside within the mucosal tissue remain largely unknown. In this review, we discuss the ambivalent feature of CD4+ TRM cells in the protective and pathological immune responses. We also review the transcriptional and epigenetic characteristics of CD4+ TRM cells in the lung that have been elucidated by recent technical approaches. A better understanding of the function of CD4+ TRM cells is crucial for the development of both effective vaccination against pathogens and new therapeutic strategies for intractable inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel diseases and chronic allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Hirahara
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,AMED-PRIME, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kota Kokubo
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ami Aoki
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kiuchi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshinori Nakayama
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiba, Japan
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14
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Hirahara K, Aoki A, Nakayama T. Pathogenic helper T cells. Allergol Int 2021; 70:169-173. [PMID: 33637414 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intractable chronic inflammatory diseases, including autoimmune diseases, autoinflammatory diseases and allergic diseases, are caused by disruption or failure of the immune system. Pathogenic immune cells are presumed to be closely related to the pathogenesis of intractable diseases, but the precise cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of these diseases remain unclear. The balance between the T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th2 cell fractions has been believed to be responsible for the differences among inflammatory diseases. However, an analysis of the cells infiltrating inflammatory lesions in mice and humans revealed the generation of pathogenic Th cells with different characteristics at the memory T-cell stage in the peripheral tissues in various inflammatory diseases. In this review, we will summarize and discuss recent progress regarding the characteristics of pathogenic Th cells, their mode of action, and the molecular mechanisms that regulate the pathology of intractable chronic inflammatory diseases, particularly those with tissue fibrosis. We hope this article will help clarify the pathogenesis of these diseases and propose a future direction for research.
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15
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Yang F, Xu W, Pei Y. Amphiregulin induces interleukin-8 production and cell proliferation in lung epithelial cells through PI3K-Akt/ ERK pathways. EUR J INFLAMM 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/2058739221998202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphiregulin (AR), belongs to the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family, is able to induce a series of pathological and physiological responses by binding and activating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Interleukin-8 (IL-8) or CXCL8, a pro-inflammatory chemokine, has been suggested to be involved in tumor cell proliferation and inflammatory microenvironment via transactivation of the EGFR. However, whether there is a crosstalk between AR with IL-8 during inflammatory response remain to be fully understood. The current study was designed to investigate the possible mechanism of the interactions between AR and IL-8 production in human lung epithelial cells in vitro. Lung epithelial A549 cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to generate ALI model. LPS-induced AR and IL-8 production by A549 cells was measured by real-time PCR, Western Blot, and ELISA. The AR neutralizing antibody, PI3K specific inhibitor LY294002, JNK specific inhibitor SP60012, ERK specific inhibitor PD98089, and p38 inhibitor SB203580 were used to investigate the role of these signal pathways in LPS-induced cell proliferation, AR and IL-8 expression. LPS could induce AR through PI3K/Akt and ERK signal pathways. Furthermore, LPS induced AR promoted the production of IL-8 requires activation of EGFR, PI3K/Akt, and ERK signal pathways. The neutralizing antibody to AR prevented production of IL-8 induced by LPS. Treatment with Erlotinib, PI3K inhibitors, ERK inhibitor significantly inhibited AR-induced IL-8 production and cell proliferation. Our data indicate that a distinct role of EGFR–PI3K–Akt/ERK pathway as a bridge of interaction between AR and IL-8 production, as one of potential mechanisms to regulate inflammation and cell proliferation in human lung epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Yang
- Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yanli Pei
- Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
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16
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Sanchez-Solares J, Sanchez L, Pablo-Torres C, Diaz-Fernandez C, Sørensen P, Barber D, Gomez-Casado C. Celiac Disease Causes Epithelial Disruption and Regulatory T Cell Recruitment in the Oral Mucosa. Front Immunol 2021; 12:623805. [PMID: 33717129 PMCID: PMC7947325 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.623805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by an immune-triggered enteropathy upon gluten intake. The only current treatment available is lifelong Gluten Free Diet (GFD). Several extraintestinal manifestations have been described in CD, some affecting the oral mucosa. Thus, we hypothesized that oral mucosa could potentially be a target for novel biomarkers and an administration route for CD treatment. Six de novo diagnosed and seven CD patients under GFD for at least 1 year were recruited. Non-celiac subjects (n = 8) were recruited as control group. Two biopsies of the cheek lining were taken from each subject for mRNA analysis and immunohistochemical characterization. We observed a significant decrease in the expression of epithelial junction proteins in all CD patients, indicating that oral mucosa barrier integrity is compromised. FoxP3+ population was greatly increased in CD patients, suggesting that Tregs are recruited to the damaged mucosa, even after avoidance of gluten. Amphiregulin mRNA levels from Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) and epithelial damage in the oral mucosa correlated with Treg infiltration in all the experimental groups, suggesting that recruited Tregs might display a “repair” phenotype. Based on these results, we propose that oral mucosa is altered in CD and, as such, might have diagnostic potential. Furthermore, due to its tolerogenic nature, it could be an important target for oral immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Sanchez-Solares
- Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine, Hospitals Madrid (HM) Group, San Pablo-CEU University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Sanchez
- Service of Gastroenterology, University Hospital San Agustin (HUSA), Aviles, Spain
| | - Carmela Pablo-Torres
- Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine, Hospitals Madrid (HM) Group, San Pablo-CEU University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Celso Diaz-Fernandez
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital San Agustin (HUSA), Aviels, Spain
| | - Poul Sørensen
- Allero Therapeutics BV, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Domingo Barber
- Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine, Hospitals Madrid (HM) Group, San Pablo-CEU University, Madrid, Spain.,ARADyAL-RD16/0006/0015, Thematic Network and Cooperative Research Centers, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Gomez-Casado
- Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine, Hospitals Madrid (HM) Group, San Pablo-CEU University, Madrid, Spain.,ARADyAL-RD16/0006/0015, Thematic Network and Cooperative Research Centers, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
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17
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Zhu K, Xu A, Xia W, Li P, Han R, Wang E, Zhou S, Wang R. Integrated analysis of the molecular mechanisms in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:3412-3424. [PMID: 34522168 PMCID: PMC8436110 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.61309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is one of the most aggressive forms of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. Some miRNAs may be associated with IPF and may affect the occurrence and development of IPF in various pathways. Many miRNAs and genes that may be involved in the development of IPF have been discovered using chip and high throughput technologies. Methods: We analyzed one miRNA and four mRNA databases. We identified hub genes and pathways related to IPF using GO, KEGG enrichment analysis, gene set variation analysis (GSVA), PPI network construction, and hub gene analysis. A comprehensive analysis of differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs), predicted miRNA target genes, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) led to the creation of a miRNA-mRNA regulatory network in IPF. Results: We found 203 DEGs and 165 DEMs that were associated with IPF. The findings of enrichment analyses showed that these DEGs were mainly involved in antimicrobial humoral response, antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide, extracellular matrix organization, cell killing, and organ or tissue specific immune response. The VEGFA, CDH5, and WNT3A genes overlapped between hub genes and the miRNA-mRNA regulatory network. The miRNAs including miR-199b-5p, miR-140-5p, miR-199a-5p, miR-125A-5p, and miR-107 that we predicted would regulate the VEGFA, CDH5, and WNT3A genes, which were also associated with IPF or other fibrosis-related diseases. GSVA indicated that metabolic processes of UTP and IMP, immune response, regulation of Th2 cell cytokine production, and positive regulation of NK cell-mediated immunity are associated with the pathogenesis and treatment of IPF. These pathways also interact with VEGFA, CDH5, and WNT3A. Conclusion: These findings provide a new research direction for the diagnosis and treatment of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Aiqun Xu
- Department of General Medicine, Hefei Second People's Hospital, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Wanli Xia
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the first affiliated hospital of Anhui medical university, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Pulin Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Rui Han
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Enze Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Sijing Zhou
- Hefei Third Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China.,Hefei Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
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18
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Aoki A, Hirahara K, Kiuchi M, Nakayama T. Eosinophils: Cells known for over 140 years with broad and new functions. Allergol Int 2021; 70:3-8. [PMID: 33032901 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are multifunctional leukocytes, being involved in the host defense against helminth infection, tissue homeostasis and repair of injured tissue. However, eosinophils also play critical roles in shaping the pathogenesis of allergic diseases, including fibrotic responses in allergic diseases. Eosinophils consist of various granules that are a source of cytokines, chemokines, enzymes, extracellular matrix and growth factors. Recent studies have revealed that eosinophil extracellular trap cell death (EETosis) exacerbates eosinophilic inflammation by releasing the products, including Charcot-Leyden crystals (CLCs). In type 2 inflammatory diseases, memory-type pathogenic helper T (Tpath) cells are involved in shaping the pathogenesis of eosinophilic inflammation by recruiting and activating eosinophils in vivo. We herein review the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of eosinophils and the various functions of granules, including CLCs, during eosinophilic inflammation. We also discuss the double-edged roles of eosinophils in tissue repair and type 2 immune inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami Aoki
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Hirahara
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; AMED-PRIME, AMED, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Kiuchi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshinori Nakayama
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; AMED-CREST, AMED, Chiba, Japan
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19
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Sivakumar P, Ammar R, Thompson JR, Luo Y, Streltsov D, Porteous M, McCoubrey C, Cantu E, Beers MF, Jarai G, Christie JD. Integrated plasma proteomics and lung transcriptomics reveal novel biomarkers in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Res 2021; 22:273. [PMID: 34689792 PMCID: PMC8543878 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01860-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal lung disease with a significant unmet medical need. Development of transformational therapies for IPF is challenging in part to due to lack of robust predictive biomarkers of prognosis and treatment response. Importantly, circulating biomarkers of IPF are limited and none are in clinical use. METHODS We previously reported dysregulated pathways and new disease biomarkers in advanced IPF through RNA sequencing of lung tissues from a cohort of transplant-stage IPF patients (n = 36) in comparison to normal healthy donors (n = 19) and patients with acute lung injury (n = 11). Here we performed proteomic profiling of matching plasma samples from these cohorts through the Somascan-1300 SomaLogics platform. RESULTS Comparative analyses of lung transcriptomic and plasma proteomic signatures identified a set of 34 differentially expressed analytes (fold change (FC) ≥ ± 1.5, false discovery ratio (FDR) ≤ 0.1) in IPF samples compared to healthy controls. IPF samples showed strong enrichment of chemotaxis, tumor infiltration and mast cell migration pathways and downregulated extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. Mucosal (CCL25 and CCL28) and Th2 (CCL17 and CCL22) chemokines were markedly upregulated in IPF and highly correlated within the subjects. The mast cell maturation chemokine, CXCL12, was also upregulated in IPF plasma (fold change 1.92, FDR 0.006) and significantly correlated (Pearson r = - 0.38, p = 0.022) to lung function (%predicted FVC), with a concomitant increase in the mast cell Tryptase, TPSB2. Markers of collagen III and VI degradation (C3M and C6M) were significantly downregulated (C3M p < 0.001 and C6M p < 0.0001 IPF vs control) and correlated, Pearson r = 0.77) in advanced IPF consistent with altered ECM homeostasis. CONCLUSIONS Our study identifies a panel of tissue and circulating biomarkers with clinical utility in IPF that can be validated in future studies across larger cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pitchumani Sivakumar
- grid.419971.30000 0004 0374 8313Translational Early Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 3551 Lawrenceville Road, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA
| | - Ron Ammar
- grid.419971.30000 0004 0374 8313Informatics and Predictive Sciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, Princeton, NJ USA
| | - John Ryan Thompson
- grid.419971.30000 0004 0374 8313Informatics and Predictive Sciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, Princeton, NJ USA
| | - Yi Luo
- grid.419971.30000 0004 0374 8313Translational Medicine, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, Princeton, NJ USA
| | - Denis Streltsov
- grid.419971.30000 0004 0374 8313Fibrosis Discovery Biology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, Princeton, NJ USA
| | - Mary Porteous
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Carly McCoubrey
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Edward Cantu
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Michael F. Beers
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA ,grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972PENN Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Gabor Jarai
- grid.419971.30000 0004 0374 8313Fibrosis Discovery Biology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, Princeton, NJ USA
| | - Jason D. Christie
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA ,grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972PENN Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
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20
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Sphingosine Kinase 1/S1P Signaling Contributes to Pulmonary Fibrosis by Activating Hippo/YAP Pathway and Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species in Lung Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062064. [PMID: 32192225 PMCID: PMC7139883 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1)/sphingosine–1–phosphate (S1P) signaling axis is emerging as a key player in the development of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung fibrosis in mice. Recent evidence implicates the involvement of the Hippo/Yes-associated protein (YAP) 1 pathway in lung diseases, including IPF, but its plausible link to the SPHK1/S1P signaling pathway is unclear. Herein, we demonstrate the increased co-localization of YAP1 with the fibroblast marker FSP1 in the lung fibroblasts of BLM-challenged mice, and the genetic deletion of Sphk1 in mouse lung fibroblasts (MLFs) reduced YAP1 localization in fibrotic foci. The PF543 inhibition of SPHK1 activity in mice attenuated YAP1 co-localization with FSP1 in lung fibroblasts. In vitro, TGF-β stimulated YAP1 translocation to the nucleus in primary MLFs, and the deletion of Sphk1 or inhibition with PF543 attenuated TGF-β-mediated YAP1 nuclear localization. Moreover, the PF543 inhibition of SPHK1, or the verteporfin inhibition of YAP1, decreased the TGF-β- or BLM-induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) in human lung fibroblasts (HLFs) and the expression of fibronectin (FN) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Furthermore, scavenging mtROS with MitoTEMPO attenuated the TGF-β-induced expression of FN and α-SMA. The addition of the S1P antibody to HLFs reduced TGF-β- or S1P-mediated YAP1 activation, mtROS, and the expression of FN and α-SMA. These results suggest a role for SPHK1/S1P signaling in TGF-β-induced YAP1 activation and mtROS generation, resulting in fibroblast activation, a critical driver of pulmonary fibrosis.
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21
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Bailey KE, Pino C, Lennon ML, Lyons A, Jacot JG, Lammers SR, Königshoff M, Magin CM. Embedding of Precision-Cut Lung Slices in Engineered Hydrogel Biomaterials Supports Extended Ex Vivo Culture. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 62:14-22. [PMID: 31513744 PMCID: PMC6938134 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0232ma] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintaining the three-dimensional architecture and cellular complexity of lung tissue ex vivo can enable elucidation of the cellular and molecular pathways underlying chronic pulmonary diseases. Precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) are one human-lung model with the potential to support critical mechanistic studies and early drug discovery. However, many studies report short culture times of 7-10 days. Here, we systematically evaluated poly(ethylene glycol)-based hydrogel platforms for the encapsulation of PCLS. We demonstrated the ability to support ex vivo culture of embedded PCLS for at least 21 days compared with control PCLS floating in media. These customized hydrogels maintained PCLS architecture (no difference), viability (4.7-fold increase, P < 0.0001), and cellular phenotype as measured by SFTPC (1.8-fold increase, P < 0.0001) and vimentin expression (no change) compared with nonencapsulated controls. Collectively, these results demonstrate that hydrogel biomaterials support the extended culture times required to study chronic pulmonary diseases ex vivo using PCLS technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kolene E. Bailey
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine and
| | - Christopher Pino
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Mallory L. Lennon
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Anne Lyons
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jeffrey G. Jacot
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Steven R. Lammers
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Melanie Königshoff
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine and
| | - Chelsea M. Magin
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine and
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
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22
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Hirahara K. Pathogenicity of acquired immunity in human diseases. Semin Immunopathol 2019; 41:279-281. [PMID: 31065764 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-019-00739-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Hirahara
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan. .,AMED-PRIME, AMED, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
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