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Andrew LJ, Lizundia E, MacLachlan MJ. Designing for Degradation: Transient Devices Enabled by (Nano)Cellulose. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2401560. [PMID: 39221689 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Transient technology involves materials and devices that undergo controlled degradation after a reliable operation period. This groundbreaking strategy offers significant advantages over conventional devices based on non-renewable materials by limiting environmental exposure to potentially hazardous components after disposal, and by increasing material circularity. As the most abundant naturally occurring polymer on Earth, cellulose is an attractive material for this purpose. Besides, (nano)celluloses are inherently biodegradable and have competitive mechanical, optical, thermal, and ionic conductivity properties that can be exploited to develop sustainable devices and avoid the end-of-life issues associated with conventional systems. Despite its potential, few efforts have been made to review current advances in cellulose-based transient technology. Therefore, this review catalogs the state-of-the-art developments in transient devices enabled by cellulosic materials. To provide a wide perspective, the various degradation mechanisms involved in cellulosic transient devices are introduced. The advanced capabilities of transient cellulosic systems in sensing, photonics, energy storage, electronics, and biomedicine are also highlighted. Current bottlenecks toward successful implementation are discussed, with material circularity and environmental impact metrics at the center. It is believed that this review will serve as a valuable resource for the proliferation of cellulose-based transient technology and its implementation into fully integrated, circular, and environmentally sustainable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas J Andrew
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Erlantz Lizundia
- Life Cycle Thinking Group, Department of Graphic Design and Engineering Projects, Faculty of Engineering in Bilbao, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, 48013, Spain
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications, and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa, 48940, Spain
| | - Mark J MacLachlan
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, 2355 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
- UBC BioProducts Institute, 2385 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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2
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Chen Y, Dai J, Shen X, Shan J, Cao Y, Chen T, Ying H, Zhu C, Li M. Xylan cinnamoylation for reinforcing poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate): Molecule design and interaction optimization. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 326:121592. [PMID: 38142090 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
PBAT composites with biomass fillers have gained considerable attention as alternatives to non-biodegradable plastics. This work employed xylan derivatives as fillers for PBAT composites. Xylan was modified by introducing cinnamoyl side groups which limit the hydrogen bonding and construct π-π stacking interactions with PBAT chains. The resultant xylan cinnamates (XCi) show degree of substitution (DS) of 0.55-1.89, glass-transition temperatures (Tg) of 146.5-175.0 °C and increased hydrophobicity, which can be simply controlled by varying the molar ratio of reactants. NMR results demonstrate that the C3-OH of xylopyranosyl unit is more accessible to cinnamoylation. XCi fillers (30-50 wt%) were incorporated into PBAT through melt compounding. The filler with a DS of 0.97 exhibited the optimal reinforcing effect, showing superior tensile strength (19.4 MPa) and elongation at break (330.9 %) at a high filling content (40 wt%), which is even beyond the neat PBAT. SEM and molecular dynamics simulation suggest improved compatibility and strengthened molecular interaction between XCi and PBAT, which explains the suppressed melting/crystallization behavior, the substantial increase in Tg (-34.5 → -1.8 °C) and the superior mechanical properties of the composites. This research provides valuable insights into the preparation of high-performance composites by designing the molecular architecture of xylan and optimizing the associated interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jie Dai
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xin Shen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Junqiang Shan
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yulian Cao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Tianpeng Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Hanjie Ying
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing 211816, China; School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Chenjie Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Ming Li
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing 211816, China.
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Gondim FF, Rodrigues JGP, Aguiar VO, de Fátima Vieira Marques M, Monteiro SN. Biocomposites of Cellulose Isolated from Coffee Processing By-Products and Incorporation in Poly(Butylene Adipate-Co-Terephthalate) (PBAT) Matrix: An Overview. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:314. [PMID: 38337203 DOI: 10.3390/polym16030314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
With its extensive production and consumption, the coffee industry generates significant amounts of lignocellulosic waste. This waste, primarily comprising coffee biomasses, is a potential source of cellulose. This cellulose can be extracted and utilized as a reinforcing agent in various biocomposites with polymer matrices, thereby creating high-value products. One such biodegradable polymer, Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), is notable for its properties that are comparable with low-density polyethylene, making it an excellent candidate for packaging applications. However, the wider adoption of PBAT is hindered by its relatively high cost and lower thermomechanical properties compared with conventional, non-biodegradable polymers. By reinforcing PBAT-based biocomposites with cellulose, it is possible to enhance their thermomechanical strength, as well as improve their water vapor and oxygen barrier capabilities, surpassing those of pure PBAT. Consequently, this study aims to provide a comprehensive review of the latest processing techniques for deriving cellulose from the coffee industry's lignocellulosic by-products and other coffee-related agro-industrial wastes. It also focuses on the preparation and characterization of cellulose-reinforced PBAT biocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Fabbri Gondim
- Instituto de Macromoléculas Professora Eloisa Mano, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (IMA/UFRJ), Technology Center, Bloco J, Lab. J-122, Ilha do Fundão, Avenida Horácio Macedo 2030, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, Brazil
| | - João Gabriel Passos Rodrigues
- Instituto de Macromoléculas Professora Eloisa Mano, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (IMA/UFRJ), Technology Center, Bloco J, Lab. J-122, Ilha do Fundão, Avenida Horácio Macedo 2030, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Oliveira Aguiar
- Instituto de Macromoléculas Professora Eloisa Mano, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (IMA/UFRJ), Technology Center, Bloco J, Lab. J-122, Ilha do Fundão, Avenida Horácio Macedo 2030, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, Brazil
| | - Maria de Fátima Vieira Marques
- Instituto de Macromoléculas Professora Eloisa Mano, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (IMA/UFRJ), Technology Center, Bloco J, Lab. J-122, Ilha do Fundão, Avenida Horácio Macedo 2030, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, Brazil
| | - Sergio Neves Monteiro
- Department of Materials Science, Military Institute of Engineering-IME, Praça General Tibúrcio 80, Urca, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, Brazil
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Kim MS, Chang H, Zheng L, Yan Q, Pfleger BF, Klier J, Nelson K, Majumder ELW, Huber GW. A Review of Biodegradable Plastics: Chemistry, Applications, Properties, and Future Research Needs. Chem Rev 2023; 123:9915-9939. [PMID: 37470246 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Environmental concerns over waste plastics' effect on the environment are leading to the creation of biodegradable plastics. Biodegradable plastics may serve as a promising approach to manage the issue of environmental accumulation of plastic waste in the ocean and soil. Biodegradable plastics are the type of polymers that can be degraded by microorganisms into small molecules (e.g., H2O, CO2, and CH4). However, there are misconceptions surrounding biodegradable plastics. For example, the term "biodegradable" on product labeling can be misconstrued by the public to imply that the product will degrade under any environmental conditions. Such misleading information leads to consumer encouragement of excessive consumption of certain goods and increased littering of products labeled as "biodegradable". This review not only provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art biodegradable plastics but also clarifies the definitions and various terms associated with biodegradable plastics, including oxo-degradable plastics, enzyme-mediated plastics, and biodegradation agents. Analytical techniques and standard test methods to evaluate the biodegradability of polymeric materials in alignment with international standards are summarized. The review summarizes the properties and industrial applications of previously developed biodegradable plastics and then discusses how biomass-derived monomers can create new types of biodegradable polymers by utilizing their unique chemical properties from oxygen-containing functional groups. The terminology and methodologies covered in the paper provide a perspective on directions for the design of new biodegradable polymers that possess not only advanced performance for practical applications but also environmental benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Soo Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Hochan Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Qiang Yan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Brian F Pfleger
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - John Klier
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Kevin Nelson
- Amcor, Neenah Innovation Center, Neenah, Wisconsin 54956, United States
| | - Erica L-W Majumder
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - George W Huber
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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5
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Bartolucci L, Cordiner S, De Maina E, Kumar G, Mele P, Mulone V, Igliński B, Piechota G. Sustainable Valorization of Bioplastic Waste: A Review on Effective Recycling Routes for the Most Widely Used Biopolymers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097696. [PMID: 37175402 PMCID: PMC10178466 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Plastics-based materials have a high carbon footprint, and their disposal is a considerable problem for the environment. Biodegradable bioplastics represent an alternative on which most countries have focused their attention to replace of conventional plastics in various sectors, among which food packaging is the most significant one. The evaluation of the optimal end-of-life process for bioplastic waste is of great importance for their sustainable use. In this review, the advantages and limits of different waste management routes-biodegradation, mechanical recycling and thermal degradation processes-are presented for the most common categories of biopolymers on the market, including starch-based bioplastics, PLA and PBAT. The analysis outlines that starch-based bioplastics, unless blended with other biopolymers, exhibit good biodegradation rates and are suitable for disposal by composting, while PLA and PBAT are incompatible with this process and require alternative strategies. The thermal degradation process is very promising for chemical recycling, enabling building blocks and the recovery of valuable chemicals from bioplastic waste, according to the principles of a sustainable and circular economy. Nevertheless, only a few articles have focused on this recycling process, highlighting the need for research to fully exploit the potentiality of this waste management route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Bartolucci
- Industrial Engineering Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Cordiner
- Industrial Engineering Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele De Maina
- Industrial Engineering Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Gopalakrishnan Kumar
- Institute of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, 4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Pietro Mele
- Industrial Engineering Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mulone
- Industrial Engineering Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Bartłomiej Igliński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Piechota
- GPCHEM, Laboratory of Biogas Research and Analysis, Legionów 40a/3, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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6
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Mugwagwa LR, Chimphango AFA. Predicting mechanical properties of hemicellulose-based films reinforced with acetylated nanocellulose. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03092-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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7
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Poly (ethyl methacrylate) composites reinforced with modified and unmodified cellulose nanocrystals and its application as a denture resin. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03621-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Biodegradable films functionalized with Moringa oleifera applied in food packaging. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-020-00885-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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9
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Wang M, Yu T, Feng Z, Sun J, Gu X, Li H, Fei B, Zhang S. Preparation of 3‐aminopropyltriethoxy silane modified cellulose microcrystalline and their applications as flame retardant and reinforcing agents in epoxy resin. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minghang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic‐Inorganic CompositesBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Ting Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic‐Inorganic CompositesBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Zhengyu Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic‐Inorganic CompositesBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organic‐Inorganic CompositesBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
- Institute of Textiles and ClothingThe Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China
| | - Xiaoyu Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic‐Inorganic CompositesBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Hongfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic‐Inorganic CompositesBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer CompositesBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Bin Fei
- Institute of Textiles and ClothingThe Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic‐Inorganic CompositesBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer CompositesBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
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10
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Xuzhen Zhang, Xiang H, Li X, Wen X, Lu C. Surface Modification of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Using Acetic Anhydride and its Effects on Poly(butylenesadipate-co-terephthalate) Based Composite. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x19060166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Zhao Y, Zhu B, Wang Y, Liu C, Shen C. Effect of different sterilization methods on the properties of commercial biodegradable polyesters for single-use, disposable medical devices. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 105:110041. [PMID: 31546462 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The increasing employment of non-degradable polymers based single-use, disposable medical devices have led to huge environmental pressure. Replacement of non-degradable polymers with biodegradable alternatives could be one solution. Since terminal sterilization is a necessary procedure for medical devices to eliminate infections, in this paper, the modifications of sterilization on the transparency, yellow index, dimensional stability and mechanical properties of commercial biodegradable poly(lactic acid) (PLA), poly(butylenes adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) and their blends were investigated. The samples were prepared by compression molding and exposed to four sterilization treatments including ethylene oxide gas (EtO), saturated steam (SS), electron beam (EB), and hydrogen peroxide gas plasma (HPGP). It is concluded that EB can be applied for the sterilization of all the materials investigated, while SS and EtO are not recommended for PLA, and HPGP is not for PBAT and PLA/PBAT blends. This study demonstrates that, when a suitable sterilization process is chosen, PLA has potential to be used for transparent medical devices such as the barrel of syringes or microfluidic chips, while PBAT and PLA/PBAT blends for other non-transparent medical packaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing & Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Center for Applied Polymer Research, Henan Tuoren Medical Device Co., Ltd., Weiyuan Industrial Park, Changyuan 453400, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing & Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yaming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing & Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Chuntai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing & Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Changyu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing & Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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12
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Motloung MP, Ojijo V, Bandyopadhyay J, Ray SS. Cellulose Nanostructure-Based Biodegradable Nanocomposite Foams: A Brief Overview on the Recent Advancements and Perspectives. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1270. [PMID: 31370292 PMCID: PMC6723299 DOI: 10.3390/polym11081270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The interest in designing new environmentally friendly materials has led to the development of biodegradable foams as a potential substitute to most currently used fossil fuel-derived polymer foams. Despite the possibility of developing biodegradable and environmentally friendly polymer foams, the challenge of foaming biopolymers still persists as they have very low melt strength and viscosity as well as low crystallisation kinetics. Studies have shown that the incorporation of cellulose nanostructure (CN) particles into biopolymers can enhance the foamability of these materials. In addition, the final properties and performance of the foamed products can be improved with the addition of these nanoparticles. They not only aid in foamability but also act as nucleating agents by controlling the morphological properties of the foamed material. Here, we provide a critical and accessible overview of the influence of CN particles on the properties of biodegradable foams; in particular, their rheological, thermal, mechanical, and flammability and thermal insulating properties and biodegradability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mpho Phillip Motloung
- DST-CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, Council for Scientific and, Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Vincent Ojijo
- DST-CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, Council for Scientific and, Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Jayita Bandyopadhyay
- DST-CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, Council for Scientific and, Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Suprakas Sinha Ray
- DST-CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, Council for Scientific and, Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa.
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13
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Leal IL, Silva Rosa YC, Silva Penha J, Cruz Correia PR, Silva Melo P, Guimarães DH, Barbosa JDV, Druzian JI, Machado BAS. Development and application starch films: PBAT with additives for evaluating the shelf life of Tommy Atkins mango in the fresh‐cut state. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Lessa Leal
- Department of Food and BiotechnologyUniversity Center SENAI/CIMATEC, National Service of Industrial Learning – SENAI, Orlando Gomes Avenue, 1845 ‐ Piatã 41650‐010 Salvador Bahia Brazil
- Food Science Program, Pharmacy FacultyFederal University of Bahia, Ademar de Barros Avenue, Ondina 40170‐115 Salvador Bahia Brazil
| | - Yasmin Carolino Silva Rosa
- Department of Food and BiotechnologyUniversity Center SENAI/CIMATEC, National Service of Industrial Learning – SENAI, Orlando Gomes Avenue, 1845 ‐ Piatã 41650‐010 Salvador Bahia Brazil
| | - Josenai Silva Penha
- Department of Food and BiotechnologyUniversity Center SENAI/CIMATEC, National Service of Industrial Learning – SENAI, Orlando Gomes Avenue, 1845 ‐ Piatã 41650‐010 Salvador Bahia Brazil
| | - Paulo Romano Cruz Correia
- Food Science Program, Pharmacy FacultyFederal University of Bahia, Ademar de Barros Avenue, Ondina 40170‐115 Salvador Bahia Brazil
| | - Pollyana Silva Melo
- Department of Materials EngineeringUniversity Center SENAI/CIMATEC, National Service of Industrial Learning – SENAI, Orlando Gomes Avenue, 1845 ‐ Piatã 41650‐010 Salvador Bahia Brazil
| | - Danilo Hansen Guimarães
- Department of Materials EngineeringUniversity Center SENAI/CIMATEC, National Service of Industrial Learning – SENAI, Orlando Gomes Avenue, 1845 ‐ Piatã 41650‐010 Salvador Bahia Brazil
| | - Josiane Dantas Viana Barbosa
- Health Institute of TechnologyUniversity Center SENAI/CIMATEC, National Service of Industrial Learning – SENAI, Orlando Gomes Avenue, 1845 ‐ Piatã 41650‐010 Salvador Bahia Brazil
| | - Janice Izabel Druzian
- Food Science Program, Pharmacy FacultyFederal University of Bahia, Ademar de Barros Avenue, Ondina 40170‐115 Salvador Bahia Brazil
| | - Bruna Aparecida Souza Machado
- Department of Food and BiotechnologyUniversity Center SENAI/CIMATEC, National Service of Industrial Learning – SENAI, Orlando Gomes Avenue, 1845 ‐ Piatã 41650‐010 Salvador Bahia Brazil
- Health Institute of TechnologyUniversity Center SENAI/CIMATEC, National Service of Industrial Learning – SENAI, Orlando Gomes Avenue, 1845 ‐ Piatã 41650‐010 Salvador Bahia Brazil
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14
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Composite films of ecofriendly lignocellulosic nanostructures in biodegradable polymeric matrix. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-0765-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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15
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Zhang S, Lin Z, Li J, Jiang G, Hu C. Elevated ductility, optical, and air barrier properties of poly (butyleneadipate-co-terephthalate) bio-based films via novel thermoplastic starch feature. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuidong Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Automotive; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
- Key laboratory of public security of building fir protection engineering and technology; Tianjin Fire Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security; Tianjin China
| | - Zesheng Lin
- School of Mechanical and Automotive; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
| | - Guo Jiang
- Key laboratory of public security of building fir protection engineering and technology; Tianjin Fire Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security; Tianjin China
| | - Changying Hu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering; Jinan University; Guangzhou China
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16
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Ferreira F, Dufresne A, Pinheiro I, Souza D, Gouveia R, Mei L, Lona L. How do cellulose nanocrystals affect the overall properties of biodegradable polymer nanocomposites: A comprehensive review. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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17
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Edlund U, Lagerberg T, Ålander E. Admicellar Polymerization Coating of CNF Enhances Integration in Degradable Nanocomposites. Biomacromolecules 2018; 20:684-692. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrica Edlund
- Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- RISE Bioeconomy, Drottning Kristinas väg 61, SE-114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tove Lagerberg
- Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- RISE Bioeconomy, Drottning Kristinas väg 61, SE-114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Ålander
- Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- RISE Bioeconomy, Drottning Kristinas väg 61, SE-114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
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18
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Kale RD, Gorade VG, Madye N, Chaudhary B, Bangde PS, Dandekar PP. Preparation and characterization of biocomposite packaging film from poly(lactic acid) and acylated microcrystalline cellulose using rice bran oil. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 118:1090-1102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Pilate F, Wen ZB, Khelifa F, Hui Y, Delpierre S, Dan L, Mincheva R, Dubois P, Yang KK, Raquez JM. Design of melt-recyclable poly(ε-caprolactone)-based supramolecular shape-memory nanocomposites. RSC Adv 2018; 8:27119-27130. [PMID: 35540004 PMCID: PMC9083248 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03832e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) supramolecular network exhibiting shape-memory behavior was successfully constructed with pendant UPy units that are highly able to dimerize. The dynamic network was obtained by a simple and versatile strategy consisting of chain-extension reaction between α,ω-dihydroxyoligoPCL and hydroxylated UPy units in the presence of hexamethylene diisocyanate as a coupling agent and further intermolecular dimerization of the UPy along the polyurethane backbone. 1H NMR analyses confirmed the dynamic features of the system, and DMTA in tensile mode was investigated to assess the SMP properties. Recyclability was also assessed by taking advantage of these supramolecular networks. Further addition of cellulose nanocrystals into the polymer network enabled adjustment of the extent of the net-points and therefore the SMP features. As confirmed by dispersion tests in solution and SEM observations, these bio-based nanofillers were homogeneously distributed in the network via supramolecular interaction between the hydroxyl groups present on their surface and UPy moieties along the polyurethane backbone. Thus, the here developed nanomaterials might reveal applicability in areas where a combination of SMP and biocompatibility is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Pilate
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials (LPCM), Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons (UMONS) 23 Place du Parc 7000 Mons Belgium
| | - Zhi-Bin Wen
- Center for Degradable and Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials (ERCEPM-MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610064 China
| | - Farid Khelifa
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials (LPCM), Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons (UMONS) 23 Place du Parc 7000 Mons Belgium
| | - Yan Hui
- Center for Degradable and Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials (ERCEPM-MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610064 China
| | - Sebastien Delpierre
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials (LPCM), Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons (UMONS) 23 Place du Parc 7000 Mons Belgium
| | - Luo Dan
- Center for Degradable and Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials (ERCEPM-MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610064 China
| | - Rosica Mincheva
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials (LPCM), Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons (UMONS) 23 Place du Parc 7000 Mons Belgium
| | - Philippe Dubois
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials (LPCM), Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons (UMONS) 23 Place du Parc 7000 Mons Belgium
| | - Ke-Ke Yang
- Center for Degradable and Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials (ERCEPM-MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610064 China
| | - Jean-Marie Raquez
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials (LPCM), Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons (UMONS) 23 Place du Parc 7000 Mons Belgium
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20
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Zhang X, Wang X. Polybutylene succinate/cellulose nanocrystals: Role of phthalic anhydride in squeeze oriented bionanocomposites. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 196:254-261. [PMID: 29891294 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.04.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In order to reduce agglomerations and improve the compatibility of poly(butylenes succinate)/cellulose nanocrystals (PBS/CNC) composite, phthalic anhydride was introduced during the preparation of composite via melt blending. The composites were then suffered by squeezing treatment in a two-roll milling equipment at a given temperature. In order to investigate reaction mechanism among PBS, CNC and phthalic anhydride, PBS/CNC composites were separated and then tested via FTIR and UV-vis spectrophotometer. During reactive blending, phthalic anhydride selectively reacts with CNC, at an effective grafting ratio of 0.0196, which is confirmed by titration results. Before squeezing, the crystallinity of PBS in composites are increased but the mechanical properties of composites are weakened with increasing phthalic anhydride content, which is ascribed to the plasticizing effect of phthalic anhydride. After squeeze treatment at an extension ratio of 6, the tensile strength of PBS/PA/CNC(100/2/3) is dramatically increased from 35.2 MPa to 136 MPa. WAXD results show that PBS crystal type has little change but the crystallinity is sharply increased after orientation, which mostly contributes to the improvement of mechanical properties for PBS/CNC composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuzhen Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Textiles, National Engineering Lab for Textile Fiber Materials & Processing Technology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, China
| | - Xiuhua Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Textiles, National Engineering Lab for Textile Fiber Materials & Processing Technology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, China.
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21
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Chakrabarty A, Teramoto Y. Recent Advances in Nanocellulose Composites with Polymers: A Guide for Choosing Partners and How to Incorporate Them. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E517. [PMID: 30966551 PMCID: PMC6415375 DOI: 10.3390/polym10050517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the research on nanocellulose composites with polymers has made significant contributions to the development of functional and sustainable materials. This review outlines the chemistry of the interaction between the nanocellulose and the polymer matrix, along with the extent of the reinforcement in their nanocomposites. In order to fabricate well-defined nanocomposites, the type of nanomaterial and the selection of the polymer matrix are always crucial from the viewpoint of polymer⁻filler compatibility for the desired reinforcement and specific application. In this review, recent articles on polymer/nanocellulose composites were taken into account to provide a clear understanding on how to use the surface functionalities of nanocellulose and to choose the polymer matrix in order to produce the nanocomposite. Here, we considered cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) and cellulose nanofiber (CNF) as the nanocellulosic materials. A brief discussion on their synthesis and properties was also incorporated. This review, overall, is a guide to help in designing polymer/nanocellulose composites through the utilization of nanocellulose properties and the selection of functional polymers, paving the way to specific polymer⁻filler interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Chakrabarty
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Yoshikuni Teramoto
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
- Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences (G-CHAIN), Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
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22
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Dufresne A. Cellulose nanomaterials as green nanoreinforcements for polymer nanocomposites. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2018; 376:20170040. [PMID: 29277738 PMCID: PMC5746555 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2017.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Unexpected and attractive properties can be observed when decreasing the size of a material down to the nanoscale. Cellulose is no exception to the rule. In addition, the highly reactive surface of cellulose resulting from the high density of hydroxyl groups is exacerbated at this scale. Different forms of cellulose nanomaterials, resulting from a top-down deconstruction strategy (cellulose nanocrystals, cellulose nanofibrils) or bottom-up strategy (bacterial cellulose), are potentially useful for a large number of industrial applications. These include the paper and cardboard industry, use as reinforcing filler in polymer nanocomposites, the basis for low-density foams, additives in adhesives and paints, as well as a wide variety of filtration, electronic, food, hygiene, cosmetic and medical products. This paper focuses on the use of cellulose nanomaterials as a filler for the preparation of polymer nanocomposites. Impressive mechanical properties can be obtained for these materials. They obviously depend on the type of nanomaterial used, but the crucial point is the processing technique. The emphasis is on the melt processing of such nanocomposite materials, which has not yet been properly resolved and remains a challenge.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'New horizons for cellulose nanotechnology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Dufresne
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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Pinheiro I, Ferreira F, Souza D, Gouveia R, Lona L, Morales A, Mei L. Mechanical, rheological and degradation properties of PBAT nanocomposites reinforced by functionalized cellulose nanocrystals. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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24
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Chin KM, Sung Ting S, Ong HL, Omar M. Surface functionalized nanocellulose as a veritable inclusionary material in contemporary bioinspired applications: A review. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kwok-Mern Chin
- School of Bioprocess Engineering; Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP); Arau Perlis 02600 Malaysia
| | - Sam Sung Ting
- School of Bioprocess Engineering; Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP); Arau Perlis 02600 Malaysia
| | - Hui Lin Ong
- School of Materials Engineering; Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP); Arau Perlis 02600 Malaysia
| | - Mf Omar
- School of Materials Engineering; Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP); Arau Perlis 02600 Malaysia
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25
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Ferreira FV, Cividanes LS, Gouveia RF, Lona LM. An overview on properties and applications of poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)-PBAT based composites. POLYM ENG SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filipe V. Ferreira
- School of Chemical Engineering; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); Campinas São Paulo Brazil
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano); Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM); Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Luciana S. Cividanes
- Department of Aeronautical and Mechanical Engineering; Technological Institute of Aeronautics (ITA); São José dos Campos São Paulo Brazil
| | - Rubia F. Gouveia
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano); Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM); Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Liliane M.F. Lona
- School of Chemical Engineering; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); Campinas São Paulo Brazil
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26
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Dong F, Yan M, Jin C, Li S. Characterization of Type-II Acetylated Cellulose Nanocrystals with Various Degree of Substitution and Its Compatibility in PLA Films. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:polym9080346. [PMID: 30971023 PMCID: PMC6418662 DOI: 10.3390/polym9080346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to decrease the self-agglomeration and improve the hydrophobic properties of type-II acetylated cellulose nanocrystals (ACNC II), various degree of substitution (DS) values of ACNCs were successfully prepared by a single-step method from microcrystalline cellulose with anhydrous phosphoric acid as the solvent, and acetic anhydride as the acetylation reagent, under different reaction temperatures (20–40 °C). To thoroughly investigate the DS values of ACNC II, analyses were performed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), 13C cross polarization-magic angle spinning (CP-MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). At a reaction temperature of 40°C, the highest DS value was successfully obtained. XRD proved that the crystal structure of ACNC II with various DS values was maintained after acetylation. TEM showed the threadlike shape for ACNC II with various DS values. The ACNC II with various DS values was introduced into a polylactic acid (PLA) matrix to produce PLA/ACNC composite films, which showed improved rheological and thermal properties. This improvement was primarily attributed to good dispersion of the ACNC II, and the interfacial compatibility between ACNC II and the PLA matrix. This study aims to analyze the compatibility of ACNC II with various DS values in the PLA matrix by microstructure, crystallization, and rheological and thermal tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Dong
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin150040, China.
- Light Industry and Textile School, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar161006, China.
| | - Meiling Yan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin150040, China.
| | - Chunde Jin
- Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Technology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou311300, China.
| | - Shujun Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin150040, China.
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Kashani Rahimi S, Aeinehvand R, Kim K, Otaigbe JU. Structure and Biocompatibility of Bioabsorbable Nanocomposites of Aliphatic-Aromatic Copolyester and Cellulose Nanocrystals. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:2179-2194. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shahab Kashani Rahimi
- School
of Polymers and High Performance Materials, The University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, Hattiesburg, Mississippi, United States
| | - Robabeh Aeinehvand
- Nano-Biopolymers
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, College of
Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 11155-4563, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kyoungtae Kim
- School
of Polymers and High Performance Materials, The University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, Hattiesburg, Mississippi, United States
| | - Joshua U Otaigbe
- School
of Polymers and High Performance Materials, The University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, Hattiesburg, Mississippi, United States
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28
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Ávila Ramírez JA, Fortunati E, Kenny JM, Torre L, Foresti ML. Simple citric acid-catalyzed surface esterification of cellulose nanocrystals. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 157:1358-1364. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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