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Iglesias-Moya J, Benítez Á, Segura M, Alonso S, Garrido D, Martínez C, Jamilena M. Structural and functional characterization of genes PYL-PP2C-SnRK2s in the ABA signalling pathway of Cucurbita pepo. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:268. [PMID: 38468207 PMCID: PMC10926676 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10158-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The core regulation of the abscisic acid (ABA) signalling pathway comprises the multigenic families PYL, PP2C, and SnRK2. In this work, we conducted a genome-wide study of the components of these families in Cucurbita pepo. RESULTS The bioinformatic analysis of the C. pepo genome resulted in the identification of 19 CpPYL, 102 CpPP2C and 10 CpSnRK2 genes. The investigation of gene structure and protein motifs allowed to define 4 PYL, 13 PP2C and 3 SnRK2 subfamilies. RNA-seq analysis was used to determine the expression of these gene families in different plant organs, as well as to detect their differential gene expression during germination, and in response to ABA and cold stress in leaves. The specific tissue expression of some gene members indicated the relevant role of some ABA signalling genes in plant development. Moreover, their differential expression under ABA treatment or cold stress revealed those ABA signalling genes that responded to ABA, and those that were up- or down-regulated in response to cold stress. A reduced number of genes responded to both treatments. Specific PYL-PP2C-SnRK2 genes that had potential roles in germination were also detected, including those regulated early during the imbibition phase, those regulated later during the embryo extension and radicle emergence phase, and those induced or repressed during the whole germination process. CONCLUSIONS The outcomes of this research open new research lines for agriculture and for assessing gene function in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Iglesias-Moya
- Department of Biology and Geology. Agri-food Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3) and Research Center CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Álvaro Benítez
- Department of Biology and Geology. Agri-food Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3) and Research Center CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - María Segura
- Department of Biology and Geology. Agri-food Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3) and Research Center CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Sonsoles Alonso
- Department of Biology and Geology. Agri-food Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3) and Research Center CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Dolores Garrido
- Department of Plant Physiology. Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18021, Granada, Spain
| | - Cecilia Martínez
- Department of Biology and Geology. Agri-food Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3) and Research Center CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain.
| | - Manuel Jamilena
- Department of Biology and Geology. Agri-food Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3) and Research Center CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain.
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Liu J, Wei L, Wu Y, Wang Z, Wang H, Xiao J, Wang X, Sun L. Characterization of sucrose nonfermenting-1-related protein kinase 2 (SnRK2) gene family in Haynaldia villosa demonstrated SnRK2.9-V enhances drought and salt stress tolerance of common wheat. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:209. [PMID: 38408894 PMCID: PMC10895793 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10114-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sucrose nonfermenting-1-related protein kinase 2 (SnRK2) plays a crucial role in responses to diverse biotic/abiotic stresses. Currently, there are reports on these genes in Haynaldia villosa, a diploid wild relative of wheat. RESULTS To understand the evolution of SnRK2-V family genes and their roles in various stress conditions, we performed genome-wide identification of the SnRK2-V gene family in H. villosa. Ten SnRK2-V genes were identified and characterized for their structures, functions and spatial expressions. Analysis of gene exon/intron structure further revealed the presence of evolutionary paths and replication events of SnRK2-V gene family in the H. villosa. In addition, the features of gene structure, the chromosomal location, subcellular localization of the gene family were investigated and the phylogenetic relationship were determined using computational approaches. Analysis of cis-regulatory elements of SnRK2-V gene members revealed their close correlation with different phytohormone signals. The expression profiling revealed that ten SnRK2-V genes expressed at least one tissue (leave, stem, root, or grain), or in response to at least one of the biotic (stripe rust or powdery mildew) or abiotic (drought or salt) stresses. Moreover, SnRK2.9-V was up-regulated in H. villosa under the drought and salt stress and overexpressing of SnRK2.9-V in wheat enhanced drought and salt tolerances via enhancing the genes expression of antioxidant enzymes, revealing a potential value of SnRK2.9-V in wheat improvement for salt tolerance. CONCLUSION Our present study provides a basic genome-wide overview of SnRK2-V genes in H. villosa and demonstrates the potential use of SnRK2.9-V in enhancing the drought and salt tolerances in common wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Cytogenetics Institute, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Jinhua Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Jinhua, 321000, China
| | - Luyang Wei
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Cytogenetics Institute, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yirong Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Cytogenetics Institute, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zongkuan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Cytogenetics Institute, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Cytogenetics Institute, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jin Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Cytogenetics Institute, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiue Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Cytogenetics Institute, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Li Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Cytogenetics Institute, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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3
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Chen M, Jiao SQ, Xie L, Geng X, Qi S, Fan J, Cheng S, Shi J, Cao X. Integrated physiological, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses of drought stress alleviation in Ehretia macrophylla Wall. seedlings by SiO 2 NPs (silica nanoparticles). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1260140. [PMID: 38371410 PMCID: PMC10869631 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1260140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
With environmental problems such as climate global warming, drought has become one of the major stress factors, because it severely affects the plant growth and development. Silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) are crucial for mitigating abiotic stresses suffered by plants in unfavorable environmental conditions and further promoting plant growth, such as drought. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different concentrations of SiO2 NPs on the growth of the Ehretia macrophylla Wall. seedlings under severe drought stress (water content in soil, 30-35%). The treatment was started by starting spraying different concentrations of SiO2 NPs on seedlings of Ehretia macrophyla, which were consistently under normal and severe drought conditions (soil moisture content 30-35%), respectively, at the seedling stage, followed by physiological and biochemical measurements, transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses. SiO2 NPs (100 mg·L-1) treatment reduced malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide content and enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes under drought stress. Transcriptomic analysis showed that 1451 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the leaves of E. macrophylla seedlings were regulated by SiO2 NPs under drought stress, and these genes mainly participate in auxin signal transduction and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. This study also found that the metabolism of fatty acids and α-linolenic acids may play a key role in the enhancement of drought tolerance in SiO2 NP-treated E. macrophylla seedlings. Metabolomics studies indicated that the accumulation level of secondary metabolites related to drought tolerance was higher after SiO2 NPs treatment. This study revealed insights into the physiological mechanisms induced by SiO2 NPs for enhancing the drought tolerance of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Chen
- Pingdingshan University, Henan Province Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Eco-economic Woody Plant, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Si-qian Jiao
- Pingdingshan University, Henan Province Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Eco-economic Woody Plant, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Lihua Xie
- Pingdingshan University, Henan Province Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Eco-economic Woody Plant, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Xining Geng
- Pingdingshan University, Henan Province Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Eco-economic Woody Plant, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Shuaizheng Qi
- Pingdingshan University, Henan Province Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Eco-economic Woody Plant, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Jianmin Fan
- Pingdingshan University, Henan Province Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Eco-economic Woody Plant, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Shiping Cheng
- Pingdingshan University, Henan Province Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Eco-economic Woody Plant, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Jiang Shi
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xibing Cao
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Wang G, Guan SL, Zhu N, Li Q, Chong X, Wang T, Xuan J. Comprehensive Genomic Analysis of SnRK in Rosaceae and Expression Analysis of RoSnRK2 in Response to Abiotic Stress in Rubus occidentalis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091784. [PMID: 37176842 PMCID: PMC10181103 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The sucrose nonfermenting 1-related protein kinase (SnRK) plays an important role in responding to abiotic stresses by phosphorylating the target protein to regulate various signaling pathways. However, little is known about the characteristics, evolutionary history, and expression patterns of the SnRK family in black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis L.) or other Rosaceae family species. In this study, a total of 209 SnRK genes were identified in 7 Rosaceae species and divided into 3 subfamilies (SnRK1, SnRK2, and SnRK3) based on phylogenetic analysis and specific motifs. Whole-genome duplication (WGD) and dispersed duplication (DSD) were considered to be major contributions to the SnRK family expansion. Purifying selection was the primary driving force in the SnRK family evolution. The spatial expression indicated that the RoSnRK genes may play important roles in different tissues. In addition, the expression models of 5 RoSnRK2 genes in response to abiotic stresses were detected by qRT-PCR. The proteins encoded by RoSnRK2 genes localize to the cytoplasm and nucleus in order to perform their respective functions. Taken together, this study provided an analysis of the SnRK gene family expansion and evolution, and contributed to the current knowledge of the function of 5 RoSnRK2 genes, which in turn expanded understanding of the molecular mechanisms of black raspberry responses to abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoming Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Sophia Lee Guan
- College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Nan Zhu
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qionghou Li
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xinran Chong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jiping Xuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
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5
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Shikha K, Madhumal Thayil V, Shahi JP, Zaidi PH, Seetharam K, Nair SK, Singh R, Tosh G, Singamsetti A, Singh S, Sinha B. Genomic-regions associated with cold stress tolerance in Asia-adapted tropical maize germplasm. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6297. [PMID: 37072497 PMCID: PMC10113201 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33250-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Maize is gaining impetus in non-traditional and non-conventional seasons such as off-season, primarily due to higher demand and economic returns. Maize varieties directed for growing in the winter season of South Asia must have cold resilience as an important trait due to the low prevailing temperatures and frequent cold snaps observed during this season in most parts of the lowland tropics of Asia. The current study involved screening of a panel of advanced tropically adapted maize lines to cold stress during vegetative and flowering stage under field conditions. A suite of significant genomic loci (28) associated with grain yield along and agronomic traits such as flowering (15) and plant height (6) under cold stress environments. The haplotype regression revealed 6 significant haplotype blocks for grain yield under cold stress across the test environments. Haplotype blocks particularly on chromosomes 5 (bin5.07), 6 (bin6.02), and 9 (9.03) co-located to regions/bins that have been identified to contain candidate genes involved in membrane transport system that would provide essential tolerance to the plant. The regions on chromosome 1 (bin1.04), 2 (bin 2.07), 3 (bin 3.05-3.06), 5 (bin5.03), 8 (bin8.05-8.06) also harboured significant SNPs for the other agronomic traits. In addition, the study also looked at the plausibility of identifying tropically adapted maize lines from the working germplasm with cold resilience across growth stages and identified four lines that could be used as breeding starts in the tropical maize breeding pipelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumari Shikha
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Vinayan Madhumal Thayil
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), ICRISAT Campus, Patancheru, Telangana, India.
| | - J P Shahi
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - P H Zaidi
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), ICRISAT Campus, Patancheru, Telangana, India
| | - Kaliyamoorthy Seetharam
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), ICRISAT Campus, Patancheru, Telangana, India
| | - Sudha K Nair
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), ICRISAT Campus, Patancheru, Telangana, India
| | - Raju Singh
- Borlaug Institute for South Asia (BISA), Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Garg Tosh
- Punjab Agricultural University (PAU), Ludhiana, India
| | - Ashok Singamsetti
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Saurabh Singh
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - B Sinha
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, India
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Song J, Sun P, Kong W, Xie Z, Li C, Liu JH. SnRK2.4-mediated phosphorylation of ABF2 regulates ARGININE DECARBOXYLASE expression and putrescine accumulation under drought stress. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:216-236. [PMID: 36210523 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Arginine decarboxylase (ADC)-mediated putrescine (Put) biosynthesis plays an important role in plant abiotic stress response. SNF1-related protein kinases 2s (SnRK2s) and abscisic acid (ABA)-response element (ABRE)-binding factors (ABFs), are core components of the ABA signaling pathway involved in drought stress response. We previously reported that ADC of Poncirus trifoliata (PtrADC) functions in drought tolerance. However, whether and how SnRK2 and ABF regulate PtrADC to modulate putrescine accumulation under drought stress remains largely unclear. Herein, we employed a set of physiological, biochemical, and molecular approaches to reveal that a protein complex composed of PtrSnRK2.4 and PtrABF2 modulates putrescine biosynthesis and drought tolerance by directly regulating PtrADC. PtrABF2 was upregulated by dehydration in an ABA-dependent manner. PtrABF2 activated PtrADC expression by directly and specifically binding to the ABRE core sequence within its promoter and positively regulated drought tolerance via modulating putrescine accumulation. PtrSnRK2.4 interacts with and phosphorylates PtrABF2 at Ser93. PtrSnRK2.4-mediated PtrABF2 phosphorylation is essential for the transcriptional regulation of PtrADC. Besides, PtrSnRK2.4 was shown to play a positive role in drought tolerance by facilitating putrescine synthesis. Taken together, this study sheds new light on the regulatory module SnRK2.4-ABF2-ADC responsible for fine-tuning putrescine accumulation under drought stress, which advances our understanding on transcriptional regulation of putrescine synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Song
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Peipei Sun
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Weina Kong
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zongzhou Xie
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chunlong Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ji-Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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7
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Tian T, Wang S, Yang S, Yang Z, Liu S, Wang Y, Gao H, Zhang S, Yang X, Jiang C, Qin F. Genome assembly and genetic dissection of a prominent drought-resistant maize germplasm. Nat Genet 2023; 55:496-506. [PMID: 36806841 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01297-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
In the context of climate change, drought is one of the most limiting factors that influence crop production. Maize, as a major crop, is highly vulnerable to water deficit, which causes significant yield loss. Thus, identification and utilization of drought-resistant germplasm are crucial for the genetic improvement of the trait. Here we report on a high-quality genome assembly of a prominent drought-resistant genotype, CIMBL55. Genomic and genetic variation analyses revealed that 65 favorable alleles of 108 previously identified drought-resistant candidate genes were found in CIMBL55, which may constitute the genetic basis for its excellent drought resistance. Notably, ZmRtn16, encoding a reticulon-like protein, was found to contribute to drought resistance by facilitating the vacuole H+-ATPase activity, which highlights the role of vacuole proton pumps in maize drought resistance. The assembled CIMBL55 genome provided a basis for genetic dissection and improvement of plant drought resistance, in support of global food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shiping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhirui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengxue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Huajian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Shuaisong Zhang
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Caifu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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Wang X, Tang Q, Chi F, Liu H, Zhang H, Song Y. Sucrose non-fermenting1-related protein kinase VcSnRK2.3 promotes anthocyanin biosynthesis in association with VcMYB1 in blueberry. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1018874. [PMID: 36909449 PMCID: PMC9998538 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1018874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose non-fermenting1-related protein kinase-2 (SnRK2) is a plant-specific protein kinase family and an important component of the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway. However, there is a lack of relevant studies in blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum). In this study, we identified six SnRK2 family members (from VcSnRK2.1 to VcSnRK2.6) in blueberries for the first time. In addition, we found that VcSnRK2.3 expression was not only positively correlated with fruit ripening but was also induced by ABA signaling. Transient expression in blueberry fruits also proved that VcSnRK2.3 promoted anthocyanin accumulation and the expression of anthocyanin synthesis-related genes such as VcF3H, VcDFR, VcANS, and VcUFGT. Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana seeds and seedlings overexpressing VcSnRK2.3 showed anthocyanin pigmentation. Yeast two-hybrid assays (Y2H) and Bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays (BiFC) demonstrated that VcSnRK2.3 could interact with the anthocyanin positive regulator VcMYB1. Finally, VcSnRK2.3 was able to enhance the binding of VcMYB1 to the VcDFR promoter. Via regulation transcription of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes, VcSnRK2.3 promoted anthocyanin accumulation in blueberry. The above results suggest that VcSnRK2.3 plays an important role in blueberry anthocyanin synthesis, is induced by ABA, and can interact with VcMYB1 to promote anthocyanin biosynthesis in blueberry.
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9
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Lou D, Lu S, Chen Z, Lin Y, Yu D, Yang X. Molecular characterization reveals that OsSAPK3 improves drought tolerance and grain yield in rice. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:53. [PMID: 36694135 PMCID: PMC9872327 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04071-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many data suggest that the sucrose non-fermenting 1-related kinases 2 (SnRK2s) are very important to abiotic stress for plants. In rice, these kinases are known as osmotic stress/ABA-activated protein kinases (SAPKs). Osmotic stress/ABA-activated protein kinase 3 (OsSAPK3) is a member of SnRK2II in rice, but its function is still unclear. RESULTS The expression of OsSAPK3 was up regulated by drought, NaCl, PEG and ABA. OsSAPK3 mutated seedings (sapk3-1 and sapk3-2) showed reduced hypersensitivity to exogenous ABA. In addition, under drought conditions, sapk3-1 and sapk3-2 showed more intolerance to drought, including decreased survival rate, increased water loss rate, increased stomatal conductance and significantly decreased expression levels of SLAC1 and SLAC7. Physiological and metabolic analyses showed that OsSAPK3 might play an important role in drought stress signaling pathway by affecting osmotic adjustment and osmolytes, ROS detoxification and expression of ABA dependent and independent dehydration-responsive genes. All gronomic traits analyses demonstrated that OsSAPK3 could improve rice yield by affecting the regulation of tiller numbers and grain size. CONCLUSION OsSAPK3 plays an important role in both ABA-dependent and ABA-independent drought stress responses. More interestingly, OsSAPK3 could improve rice yield by indirectly regulating tiller number and grain size. These findings provide new insight for the development of drought-resistant rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengji Lou
- School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi, 653100, China
| | - Suping Lu
- School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi, 653100, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi, 653100, China
| | - Yi Lin
- School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi, 653100, China
| | - Diqiu Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
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10
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Ahmed B, Hasan F, Tabassum A, Ahmed R, Hassan R, Amin MR, Alam M. Genome-wide investigation of SnRK2 gene family in two jute species: Corchorus olitorius and Corchorus capsularis. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2023; 21:5. [PMID: 36652035 PMCID: PMC9849630 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-022-00453-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sucrose non-fermenting-1 (SNF1)-related protein kinase 2 (SnRK2), a plant-specific serine/threonine kinase family, is associated with metabolic responses, including abscisic acid signaling under biotic and abiotic stresses. So far, no information on a genome-wide investigation and stress-mediated expression profiling of jute SnRK2 is available. Recent whole-genome sequencing of two Corchorus species prompted to identify and characterize this SnRK2 gene family. RESULT We identified seven SnRK2 genes of each of Corchorus olitorius (Co) and C. capsularis (Cc) genomes, with similar physico-molecular properties and sub-group patterns of other models and related crops. In both species, the SnRK2 gene family showed an evolutionarily distinct trend. Highly variable C-terminal and conserved N-terminal regions were observed. Co- and CcSnRK2.3, Co- and CcSnRk2.5, Co- and CcSnRk2.7, and Co- and CcSnRK2.8 were upregulated in response to drought and salinity stresses. In waterlogging conditions, Co- and CcSnRk2.6 and Co- and CcSnRK2.8 showed higher activity when exposed to hypoxic conditions. Expression analysis in different plant parts showed that SnRK2.5 in both Corchorus species is highly expressed in fiber cells providing evidence of the role of fiber formation. CONCLUSION This is the first comprehensive study of SnRK2 genes in both Corchorus species. All seven genes identified in this study showed an almost similar pattern of gene structures and molecular properties. Gene expression patterns of these genes varied depending on the plant parts and in response to abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borhan Ahmed
- grid.482525.c0000 0001 0699 8850Basic and Applied Research On Jute Project, Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Dhaka, 1207 Bangladesh
| | - Fakhrul Hasan
- grid.443108.a0000 0000 8550 5526Faculty of Agriculture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur, 1706 Bangladesh
| | - Anika Tabassum
- grid.442972.e0000 0001 2218 5390American International University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, 1229 Bangladesh
| | - Rasel Ahmed
- grid.482525.c0000 0001 0699 8850Basic and Applied Research On Jute Project, Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Dhaka, 1207 Bangladesh
| | - Rajnee Hassan
- grid.24434.350000 0004 1937 0060Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE USA
| | - Md. Ruhul Amin
- grid.482525.c0000 0001 0699 8850Basic and Applied Research On Jute Project, Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Dhaka, 1207 Bangladesh
| | - Mobashwer Alam
- grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, 47 Mayers Rd, Nambour, QLD 4560 Australia
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11
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Zhang M, Wang F, Hu Z, Wang X, Yi Q, Feng J, Zhao X, Zhu S. CcRR5 interacts with CcRR14 and CcSnRK2s to regulate the root development in citrus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1170825. [PMID: 37139114 PMCID: PMC10150009 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1170825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Response regulator (RR) is an important component of the cytokinin (CK) signal transduction system associated with root development and stress resistance in model plants. However, the function of RR gene and the molecular mechanism on regulating the root development in woody plants such as citrus remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that CcRR5, a member of the type A RR, regulates the morphogenesis of root through interacting with CcRR14 and CcSnRK2s in citrus. CcRR5 is mainly expressed in root tips and young leaves. The activity of CcRR5 promoter triggered by CcRR14 was proved with transient expression assay. Seven SnRK2 family members with highly conserved domains were identified in citrus. Among them, CcSnRK2.3, CcSnRK2.6, CcSnRK2.7, and CcSnRK2.8 can interact with CcRR5 and CcRR14. Phenotypic analysis of CcRR5 overexpressed transgenic citrus plants indicated that the transcription level of CcRR5 was associated with root length and lateral root numbers. This was also correlated to the expression of root-related genes and thus confirmed that CcRR5 is involved in the root development. Taken together, the results of this study indicate that CcRR5 is a positive regulator of root growth and CcRR14 directly regulates the expression of CcRR5. Both CcRR5 and CcRR14 can interact with CcSnRK2s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Zhang
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fusheng Wang
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhou Hu
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Yi
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jipeng Feng
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaochun Zhao
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaochun Zhao, ; Shiping Zhu,
| | - Shiping Zhu
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaochun Zhao, ; Shiping Zhu,
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Yu T, Cen Q, Kang L, Mou W, Zhang X, Fang Y, Zhang X, Tian Q, Xue D. Identification and expression pattern analysis of the OsSnRK2 gene family in rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1088281. [PMID: 36582638 PMCID: PMC9792972 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1088281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose non-fermenting-1-related protein kinase 2 (SnRK2) is a class of plant-specific serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) protein kinase that plays an important role in rice stress tolerance, growth and development. However, systematic bioinformatics and expression pattern analysis have not been reported. In the current study, ten OsSnRK2 genes were identified in the rice genome and located on 7 chromosomes, which can be classified into three subfamilies (I, II, and III). Many cis-regulatory elements were identified in the promoter region of OsSnRK2 genes, including hormone response elements, defense and stress responsive elements, indicating that the OsSnRK2 family may play a crucial role in response to hormonal and abiotic stress. Quantitative tissue analysis showed that OsSnRK2 genes expressed in all tissues of rice, but the expression abundance varied from different tissues and showed varietal variability. In addition, expression pattern of OsSnRK2 were analyzed under abiotic stress (salt, drought, salt and drought) and showed obvious difference in diverse abiotic stress. In general, these results provide useful information for understanding the OsSnRK2 gene family and analyzing its functions in rice in response to ABA, salt and drought stress, especially salt-drought combined stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dawei Xue
- *Correspondence: Quanxiang Tian, ; Dawei Xue,
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Ai D, Wang Y, Wei Y, Zhang J, Meng J, Zhang Y. Comprehensive identification and expression analyses of the SnRK gene family in Casuarina equisetifolia in response to salt stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:572. [PMID: 36482301 PMCID: PMC9733041 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03961-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sucrose nonfermenting-1 (SNF1)-related protein kinases (SnRKs) play crucial roles in plant signaling pathways and stress adaptive responses by activating protein phosphorylation pathways. However, there have been no comprehensive studies of the SnRK gene family in the widely planted salt-tolerant tree species Casuarina equisetifolia. Here, we comprehensively analyze this gene family in C. equisetifolia using genome-wide identification, characterization, and profiling of expression changes in response to salt stress. RESULTS A total of 26 CeqSnRK genes were identified, which were divided into three subfamilies (SnRK1, SnRK2, and SnRK3). The intron-exon structures and protein‑motif compositions were similar within each subgroup but differed among groups. Ka/Ks ratio analysis indicated that the CeqSnRK family has undergone purifying selection, and cis-regulatory element analysis suggested that these genes may be involved in plant development and responses to various environmental stresses. A heat map was generated using quantitative real‑time PCR (RT-qPCR) data from 26 CeqSnRK genes, suggesting that they were expressed in different tissues. We also examined the expression of all CeqSnRK genes under exposure to different salt concentrations using RT-qPCR, finding that most CeqSnRK genes were regulated by different salt treatments. Moreover, co-expression network analysis revealed synergistic effects among CeqSnRK genes. CONCLUSIONS Several CeqSnRK genes (CeqSnRK3.7, CeqSnRK3.16, CeqSnRK3.17) were up-regulated following salt treatment. Among them, CeqSnRK3.16 expression was significantly up-regulated under various salt treatments, identifying this as a candidate gene salt stress tolerance gene. In addition, CeqSnRK3.16 showed significant expression change correlations with multiple genes under salt stress, indicating that it might exhibit synergistic effects with other genes in response to salt stress. This comprehensive analysis will provide a theoretical reference for CeqSnRK gene functional verification and the role of these genes in salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Ai
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510520, China
- College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yujiao Wang
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510520, China
| | - Yongcheng Wei
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510520, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jingxiang Meng
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510520, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510520, China.
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Li J, Song J, Li C, Ma J, Liu J, Zhu X, Li J, He F, Yang C. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profile Analysis of the SnRK2 Gene Family in Nicotiana tabacum. Biochem Genet 2022; 60:1511-1526. [PMID: 35048221 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-021-10170-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
SnRK2 protein kinase family plays an important role in plant response to abiotic stress and has been identified in various plants. This study aimed to identify SnRK2 genes in tobacco and systematically analyze their expression under abscisic acid treatment and abiotic stress. We identified 22 NtSnRK2 members, which were divided into three groups and located on 13 chromosomes, mainly at both ends of the chromosomes; additionally, 11 duplicated NtSnRK2 gene pairs were observed. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these SnRK2 members were divided into three groups in tobacco. The motifs of NtSnRK2 proteins in the same group were highly similar. Subcellular localization indicated that NtSnRK2s in Group3 were present in the nucleus, cytomembrane, and cytoplasm. Gene expression pattern analysis revealed that NtSnRK2 genes played a role in the responses to several abiotic stresses (salt, drought, and low-temperature stress), indicating that they are widely involved in the adaptation of tobacco to adverse environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghao Li
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Jiangyu Song
- Nanping Branch of Fujian Tobacco Company, Fujian, 353000, China
| | - Changjun Li
- Chongqing Branch of China National Tobacco Corporation, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Juntao Ma
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Jiawang Liu
- Nanping Branch of Fujian Tobacco Company, Fujian, 353000, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhu
- Chongqing Branch of China National Tobacco Corporation, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jingchao Li
- Nanping Branch of Fujian Tobacco Company, Fujian, 353000, China
| | - Fan He
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Chao Yang
- Chongqing Branch of China National Tobacco Corporation, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Wan Z, Luo S, Zhang Z, Liu Z, Qiao Y, Gao X, Yu J, Zhang G. Identification and expression profile analysis of the SnRK2 gene family in cucumber. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13994. [PMID: 36164601 PMCID: PMC9508882 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The sucrose non-fermenting-1-related protein kinase 2 (SnRK2) is a plant-specific type of serine/threonine protein kinase that plays an important role in the physiological regulation of stress. The objective of this study was to identify and analyze the members of the SnRK2 gene family in cucumber and lay a foundation for further exploration of the mechanism of CsSnRK2 resistance to stress. Here, 12 SnRK2 genes were isolated from cucumber and distributed on five chromosomes, phylogenetic clustering divided these into three well-supported clades. In addition, collinearity analysis showed that the CsSnRK2 gene family underwent purifying selection pressure during evolution. CsSnRK2 genes of the same group have similar exons and conserved motifs, and intron length may be a specific imprint for the evolutionary amplification of the CsSnRK2 gene family. By predicting cis elements in the promoter, we found that the promoter region of CsSnRK2 gene members had various cis-regulatory elements in response to hormones and stress. Relative expression analysis showed that CsSnRK2.11 (group II) and CsSnRK2.12 (group III) were strongly induced by ABA, NaCl and PEG stress; whereas CsSnRK2.2 (group III) was not activated by any treatment. The response of group I CsSnRK2 to ABA, NaCl and PEG was weak. Furthermore, protein interaction prediction showed that multiple CsSnRK2 proteins interacted with four proteins including protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C), and it is speculated that the CsSnRK2 genes may also an independent role as a third messenger in the ABA signaling pathway. This study provides a reference for analyzing the potential function of CsSnRK2 genes in the future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Wan
- Gansu Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Lanzhou, China,College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shilei Luo
- Gansu Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Lanzhou, China,College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zeyu Zhang
- Gansu Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Lanzhou, China,College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zeci Liu
- Gansu Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Lanzhou, China,College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yali Qiao
- Gansu Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Lanzhou, China,College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xueqin Gao
- Gansu Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Lanzhou, China,College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jihua Yu
- Gansu Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Lanzhou, China,College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guobin Zhang
- Gansu Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Lanzhou, China,College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Li Y, Gao Z, Lu J, Wei X, Qi M, Yin Z, Li T. SlSnRK2.3 interacts with SlSUI1 to modulate high temperature tolerance via Abscisic acid (ABA) controlling stomatal movement in tomato. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 321:111305. [PMID: 35696906 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tomato is often exposed to high temperature stress during summer cultivation. Stomatal movement plays important roles in photosynthesis and transpiration which restricts the quality and yield of tomato under environmental stress. To elucidate the mechanism of stomatal movement in high temperature tolerance, SlSnRK2s (sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinases) silenced plants were generated in tomato with CRISPR-Cas 9 gene editing techniques. Through the observation of stomatal parameters, SlSnRK2.3 regulated stomatal closure which was responded to ABA (abscisic acid) and activated signaling pathway of ROS (reactive oxygen species) in high temperature stress. Based on the positive functions of SlSnRK2.3, the cDNA library was generated to investigate interaction proteins of SlSnRK2s. The interaction between SlSnRK2.3 and SlSUI1 (protein translation factor SUI1 homolog) was employed by Yeast two hybrid assay (Y2H), Luciferase (LUC), and Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC). Finally, the specific interactive sites between SlSnRK2.3 and SlSUI1 were verified by site-directed mutagenesis. The consistent mechanism of SlSnRK2.3 and SlSUI1 in stomatal movement, indicating that SlSUI1 interacted with SlSnRK2.3 through ABA-dependent signaling pathway in high temperature stress. Our results provided evidence for improving the photosynthetic capacity of tomato under high temperature stress, and support the breeding and genetic engineering of tomato over summer facility cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Li
- Horticulture Department, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, 110866, PR China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, 110866, PR China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, 110866, PR China
| | - Zhenhua Gao
- Horticulture Department, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, 110866, PR China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, 110866, PR China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, 110866, PR China
| | - Jiazhi Lu
- Horticulture Department, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, 110866, PR China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, 110866, PR China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, 110866, PR China
| | - Xueying Wei
- Horticulture Department, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, 110866, PR China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, 110866, PR China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, 110866, PR China
| | - Mingfang Qi
- Horticulture Department, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, 110866, PR China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, 110866, PR China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, 110866, PR China
| | - Zepeng Yin
- Horticulture Department, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, 110866, PR China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, 110866, PR China; Key Laboratory of Fruit Postharvest Biology of Liaoning Province, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, 110866, PR China.
| | - Tianlai Li
- Horticulture Department, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, 110866, PR China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, 110866, PR China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, 110866, PR China.
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Hussain Q, Zheng M, Chang W, Ashraf MF, Khan R, Asim M, Riaz MW, Alwahibi MS, Elshikh MS, Zhang R, Wu J. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of SnRK2 Gene Family in Dormant Vegetative Buds of Liriodendron chinense in Response to Abscisic Acid, Chilling, and Photoperiod. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13081305. [PMID: 35893042 PMCID: PMC9331246 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinases play an essential role in plants’ responses to environmental stress signals. SnRK2 (sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinase 2) is a plant-specific protein kinase that plays a crucial role in abscisic acid and abiotic stress responses in some model plant species. In apple, corn, rice, pepper, grapevine, Arabidopsis thaliana, potato, and tomato, a genome-wide study of the SnRK2 protein family was performed earlier. The genome-wide comprehensive investigation was first revealed to categorize the SnRK2 genes in the Liriodendron chinense (L. chinense). The five SnRK2 genes found in the L. chinense genome were highlighted in this study. The structural gene variants, 3D structure, chromosomal distributions, motif analysis, phylogeny, subcellular localization, cis-regulatory elements, expression profiles in dormant buds, and photoperiod and chilling responses were all investigated in this research. The five SnRK2 genes from L. chinense were grouped into groups (I–IV) based on phylogeny analysis, with three being closely related to other species. Five hormones-, six stress-, two growths and biological process-, and two metabolic-related responsive elements were discovered by studying the cis-elements in the promoters. According to the expression analyses, all five genes were up- and down-regulated in response to abscisic acid (ABA), photoperiod, chilling, and chilling, as well as photoperiod treatments. Our findings gave insight into the SnRK2 family genes in L. chinense and opened up new study options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quaid Hussain
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, 666 Wusu Street, Hangzhou 311300, China; (Q.H.); (M.Z.); (W.C.); (M.W.R.); (R.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Modern Silvicultural Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Manjia Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, 666 Wusu Street, Hangzhou 311300, China; (Q.H.); (M.Z.); (W.C.); (M.W.R.); (R.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Modern Silvicultural Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Wenwen Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, 666 Wusu Street, Hangzhou 311300, China; (Q.H.); (M.Z.); (W.C.); (M.W.R.); (R.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Modern Silvicultural Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Muhammad Furqan Ashraf
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, 9009 Tromsø, Norway;
| | - Rayyan Khan
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (R.K.); (M.A.)
| | - Muhammad Asim
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (R.K.); (M.A.)
| | - Muhammad Waheed Riaz
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, 666 Wusu Street, Hangzhou 311300, China; (Q.H.); (M.Z.); (W.C.); (M.W.R.); (R.Z.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Mona S. Alwahibi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.); (M.S.E.)
| | - Mohamed S. Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.); (M.S.E.)
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, 666 Wusu Street, Hangzhou 311300, China; (Q.H.); (M.Z.); (W.C.); (M.W.R.); (R.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Modern Silvicultural Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Jiasheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, 666 Wusu Street, Hangzhou 311300, China; (Q.H.); (M.Z.); (W.C.); (M.W.R.); (R.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Modern Silvicultural Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Correspondence:
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Xing J, Zhao R, Zhang Q, Huang X, Yin T, Zhang J, Xu B. Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the LpSAPK Family Genes in Perennial Ryegrass Highlight LpSAPK9 as an Active Regulator of Drought Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:922564. [PMID: 35720565 PMCID: PMC9201779 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.922564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
SAPK/SnRK2 family genes play crucial roles in plant growth, development, and abiotic stress responses. The objective of this study was to identify and characterize the LpSAPK genes in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). The results showed that there are 10 LpSAPKs in perennial ryegrass that could be classified into three groups with similar genic (exon-intron) structures to their orthologous genes in Arabidopsis and other grass species. Ka/Ks analysis suggested that the LpSAPKs and their orthologs were under purifying selection to maintain their conserved function during evolution. Nine out of ten LpSAPKs were localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus with the exception of LpSAPK5 which was only observed in the cytoplasm. Most LpSAPKs were responsive to various abiotic stress and hormonal (ABA, cytokinin, and ethylene) treatments but were downregulated in leaves and upregulated in roots, suggesting that there were unknown cis elements in promoters of these genes or unidentified post-transcriptional mechanism responsible for the tissue-dependent stress-regulated expression of these LpSAPKs. Furthermore, LpSAPK9 was identified as a candidate positive regulator in drought tolerance using a yeast ectopic expression system, and LpSAPK9 showed contrasting expression changes in drought-sensitive and -tolerant ryegrass varieties, suggesting that expression levels of LpSAPK9 were related to ryegrass drought tolerance. These results will facilitate further functional analysis of LpSAPKs for molecular breeding of ryegrass and other related grass species.
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Ren C, Kuang Y, Lin Y, Guo Y, Li H, Fan P, Li S, Liang Z. Overexpression of grape ABA receptor gene VaPYL4 enhances tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses in Arabidopsis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:271. [PMID: 35655129 PMCID: PMC9161562 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03663-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a crucial role in abiotic stress responses. The pyrabactin resistance (PYR)/PYR-like (PYL)/regulatory component of ABA receptor (RCAR) proteins that have been characterized as ABA receptors function as the core components in ABA signaling pathway. However, the functions of grape PYL genes in response to different abiotic stresses, particularly cold stress, remain less studied. RESULTS In this study, we investigated the expression profiles of grape PYL genes upon cold treatment and isolated the VaPYL4 gene from Vitis amurensis, a cold-hardy grape species. Overexpression of VaPYL4 gene in grape calli and Arabidopsis resulted in enhanced cold tolerance. Moreover, plant resistance to drought and salt stress was also improved by overexpressing VaPYL4 in Arabidopsis. More importantly, we evaluated the contribution of VaPYL4 to plant growth and development after the treatment with cold, salt and drought stress simultaneously. The transgenic plants showed higher survival rates, earlier flowering phenotype, and heavier fresh weight of seedlings and siliques when compared with wild-type plants. Physiological analyses showed that transgenic plants had much lower content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and higher peroxidase (POD) activity. Stress-responsive genes such as RD29A (Responsive to desiccation 29A), COR15A (Cold responsive 15A) and KIN2 (Kinase 2) were also significantly up-regulated in VaPYL4-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that overexpression of VaPYL4 could improve plant performance upon different abiotic stresses, which therefore provides a useful strategy for engineering future crops to deal with adverse environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxin Village 20, Xiangshan, Haidian District, Beijing, 100093 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yangfu Kuang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxin Village 20, Xiangshan, Haidian District, Beijing, 100093 People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanping Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxin Village 20, Xiangshan, Haidian District, Beijing, 100093 People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuchen Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxin Village 20, Xiangshan, Haidian District, Beijing, 100093 People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Huayang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxin Village 20, Xiangshan, Haidian District, Beijing, 100093 People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Peige Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxin Village 20, Xiangshan, Haidian District, Beijing, 100093 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaohua Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxin Village 20, Xiangshan, Haidian District, Beijing, 100093 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenchang Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxin Village 20, Xiangshan, Haidian District, Beijing, 100093 People’s Republic of China
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Xiao-Lin Z, Bao-Qiang W, Xiao-Hong W. Identification and expression analysis of the CqSnRK2 gene family and a functional study of the CqSnRK2.12 gene in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). BMC Genomics 2022; 23:397. [PMID: 35610576 PMCID: PMC9131629 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08626-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sucrose non-fermenting 1 (SNF1)-associated protein kinase 2 (SnRK2) proteins belong to a relatively small family of plant-specific serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) protein kinases. SnRK2s participate in the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway and play important roles in many biotic and abiotic stresses. At present, no SnRK2 gene has been reported in quinoa, and the recently published genome for this species provides an opportunity to identify and characterize the SnRK2 gene family. Results We identified 13 SnRK2 genes in the C. quinoa genome by bioinformatics analysis. Based on their phylogenetic relationships, these genes were divided into three subfamilies, similar to the situation in other plant species. Gene duplication analysis showed that there were seven pairs of homologous genes in the CqSnRK2 family, and that purifying selection played an important role in the evolution of SnRK2 genes. Gene structure analysis showed that the first exon in the SnRK2 family genes has the same length as the last exon, and that CqSnRK2 genes in the same subfamily have similar gene structures. Sequence analysis showed that the N-terminal region contains three highly conserved motifs. In addition, many kinds of cis-elements were identified in the promoter region of CqSnRK2, including those for hormone responses, stress responses, and tissue-specific expression. Transcription data analysis and qRT-PCR results showed that CqSnRK2 has different expression patterns in roots, stems, and leaves, and responded to biotic and abiotic stresses such as low temperature, salt, drought, and abscisic acid (ABA). In addition, we found that the protein encoded by CqSnRK2.12 was localized to the cytoplasm and nucleus, and there was no self-activation. The results of CqSnRK2.12 overexpression showed that transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana lines had increased drought tolerance compared to the controls. Conclusion The results of our study provide references for further studies on the evolution, function, and expression of the SnRK2 gene family in quinoa. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08626-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Xiao-Lin
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.,College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.,Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Wang Bao-Qiang
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.,College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.,Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Wei Xiao-Hong
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China. .,College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China. .,Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
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Xiong J, Chen D, Su T, Shen Q, Wu D, Zhang G. Genome-Wide Identification, Expression Pattern and Sequence Variation Analysis of SnRK Family Genes in Barley. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11070975. [PMID: 35406955 PMCID: PMC9002700 DOI: 10.3390/plants11070975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose non-fermenting 1 (SNF1)-related protein kinase (SnRK) is a large family of protein kinases that play a significant role in plant stress responses. Although intensive studies have been conducted on SnRK members in some crops, little is known about the SnRK in barley. Using phylogenetic and conserved motif analyses, we discovered 46 SnRK members scattered across barley’s 7 chromosomes and classified them into 3 sub-families. The gene structures of HvSnRKs showed the divergence among three subfamilies. Gene duplication and synteny analyses on the genomes of barley and rice revealed the evolutionary features of HvSnRKs. The promoter regions of HvSnRK family genes contained many ABRE, MBS and LTR elements responding to abiotic stresses, and their expression patterns varied with different plant tissues and abiotic stresses. HvSnRKs could interact with the components of ABA signaling pathway to respond to abiotic stress. Moreover, the haplotypes of HvSnRK2.5 closely associated with drought tolerance were detected in a barley core collection. The current results could be helpful for further exploration of the HvSnRK genes responding to abiotic stress tolerance in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyan Xiong
- Department of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (J.X.); (D.C.); (T.S.); (Q.S.)
| | - Danyi Chen
- Department of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (J.X.); (D.C.); (T.S.); (Q.S.)
| | - Tingting Su
- Department of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (J.X.); (D.C.); (T.S.); (Q.S.)
| | - Qiufang Shen
- Department of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (J.X.); (D.C.); (T.S.); (Q.S.)
| | - Dezhi Wu
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Correspondence: (D.W.); (G.Z.)
| | - Guoping Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (J.X.); (D.C.); (T.S.); (Q.S.)
- Linyi Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Linyi 276000, China
- Correspondence: (D.W.); (G.Z.)
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He H, Zhang Y, Wen B, Meng X, Wang N, Sun M, Zhang R, Zhao X, Tan Q, Xiao W, Li D, Fu X, Chen X, Li L. PpNUDX8, a Peach NUDIX Hydrolase, Plays a Negative Regulator in Response to Drought Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:831883. [PMID: 35251068 PMCID: PMC8888663 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.831883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is a serious abiotic stress source that affects the growth and fruit quality of peach trees. However, the molecular mechanism of the NUDIX hydrolase family in peaches in response to drought stress is still unclear. Here, we isolated and identified the PpNUDX8 (Prupe.5G062300.1) gene from the peach NUDIX hydrolase family, and found that PpNUDX8 has a typical NUDIX hydrolase domain. In this study, we performed 15% PEG6000 drought treatment on peach seedlings, and qRT-PCR analysis showed that 15% PEG6000 induced the transcription level of PpNUDX8. Overexpression of PpNUDX8 reduced the tolerance of calli to 4% PEG6000 treatment. Compared with wild-type apple calli, PpNUDX8 transgenic apple calli had a lower fresh weight and higher MDA content. After 15% PEG6000 drought treatment, PpNUDX8 transgenic tobacco had a greater degree of wilting and shorter primary roots than Under control conditions. The chlorophyll, soluble protein, and proline contents in the transgenic tobacco decreased, and the MDA content and relative conductivity increased. At the same time, PpNUDX8 negatively regulated ABA signal transduction and reduced the transcriptional expression of stress response genes. In addition, PpNUDX8 was not sensitive to ABA, overexpression of PpNUDX8 reduced the expression of the ABA synthesis-related gene NCED6 and increases the expression of the ABA decomposition-related gene CYP1 in tobacco, which in turn leads to a decrease in the ABA content in tobacco. In addition, Under control conditions, overexpression of PpNUDX8 destroyed the homeostasis of NAD and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) in tobacco. After 15% PEG6000 drought treatment, the changes in NAD and NADH in PpNUDX8 transgenic tobacco were more severe than those in WT tobacco. In addition, PpNUDX8 also interacted with PpSnRk1γ (Prupe.6G323700.1).
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Affiliation(s)
- HuaJie He
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- Shandong Province Collaborative Innovation Center for High-Quality and High-Efficiency Vegetable Production, Taian, China
| | - YuZheng Zhang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- Shandong Province Collaborative Innovation Center for High-Quality and High-Efficiency Vegetable Production, Taian, China
| | - BinBin Wen
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- Shandong Province Collaborative Innovation Center for High-Quality and High-Efficiency Vegetable Production, Taian, China
| | - XiangGuang Meng
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- Shandong Province Collaborative Innovation Center for High-Quality and High-Efficiency Vegetable Production, Taian, China
| | - Ning Wang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- Shandong Province Collaborative Innovation Center for High-Quality and High-Efficiency Vegetable Production, Taian, China
| | - MingYun Sun
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- Shandong Province Collaborative Innovation Center for High-Quality and High-Efficiency Vegetable Production, Taian, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- Shandong Province Collaborative Innovation Center for High-Quality and High-Efficiency Vegetable Production, Taian, China
| | - XueHui Zhao
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- Shandong Province Collaborative Innovation Center for High-Quality and High-Efficiency Vegetable Production, Taian, China
| | - QiuPing Tan
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- Shandong Province Collaborative Innovation Center for High-Quality and High-Efficiency Vegetable Production, Taian, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- Shandong Province Collaborative Innovation Center for High-Quality and High-Efficiency Vegetable Production, Taian, China
| | - DongMei Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- Shandong Province Collaborative Innovation Center for High-Quality and High-Efficiency Vegetable Production, Taian, China
| | - XiLing Fu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- Shandong Province Collaborative Innovation Center for High-Quality and High-Efficiency Vegetable Production, Taian, China
| | - XiuDe Chen
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- Shandong Province Collaborative Innovation Center for High-Quality and High-Efficiency Vegetable Production, Taian, China
| | - Ling Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- Shandong Province Collaborative Innovation Center for High-Quality and High-Efficiency Vegetable Production, Taian, China
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Long T, Xu B, Hu Y, Wang Y, Mao C, Wang Y, Zhang J, Liu H, Huang H, Liu Y, Yu G, Zhao C, Li Y, Huang Y. Genome-wide identification of ZmSnRK2 genes and functional analysis of ZmSnRK2.10 in ABA signaling pathway in maize (Zea mays L). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:309. [PMID: 34210268 PMCID: PMC8246669 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03064-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is involved in the regulation of a wide range of biological processes. In Arabidopsis, it has been well-known that SnRK2s are the central components of the ABA signaling pathway that control the balance between plant growth and stress response, but the functions of ZmSnRK2 in maize are rarely reported. Therefore, the study of ZmSnRK2 is of great importance to understand the ABA signaling pathways in maize. RESULTS In this study, 14 ZmSnRK2 genes were identified in the latest version of maize genome database. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that ZmSnRK2s are divided into three subclasses based on their diversity of C-terminal domains. The exon-intron structures, phylogenetic, synteny and collinearity analysis indicated that SnRK2s, especially the subclass III of SnRK2, are evolutionally conserved in maize, rice and Arabidopsis. Subcellular localization showed that ZmSnRK2 proteins are localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm. The RNA-Seq datasets and qRT-PCR analysis showed that ZmSnRK2 genes exhibit spatial and temporal expression patterns during the growth and development of different maize tissues, and the transcript levels of some ZmSnRK2 genes in kernel are significantly induced by ABA and sucrose treatment. In addition, we found that ZmSnRK2.10, which belongs to subclass III, is highly expressed in kernel and activated by ABA. Overexpression of ZmSnRK2.10 partially rescued the ABA-insensitive phenotype of snrk2.2/2.3 double and snrk2.2/2.3/2.6 triple mutants and led to delaying plant flowering in Arabidopsis. CONCLUSION The SnRK2 gene family exhibits a high evolutionary conservation and has expanded with whole-genome duplication events in plants. The ZmSnRK2s expanded in maize with whole-genome and segmental duplication, not tandem duplication. The expression pattern analysis of ZmSnRK2s in maize offers important information to study their functions. Study of the functions of ZmSnRK.10 in Arabidopsis suggests that the ABA-dependent members of SnRK2s are evolutionarily conserved in plants. Our study elucidated the structure and evolution of SnRK2 genes in plants and provided a basis for the functional study of ZmSnRK2s protein in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiandan Long
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211 Huimin Rd., Wenjiang Dist, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Binjie Xu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Yufeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211 Huimin Rd., Wenjiang Dist, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Yayun Wang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211 Huimin Rd., Wenjiang Dist, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Changqing Mao
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211 Huimin Rd., Wenjiang Dist, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Yongbin Wang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211 Huimin Rd., Wenjiang Dist, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, 625014 Sichuan China
| | - Hanmei Liu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, 625014 Sichuan China
| | - Huanhuan Huang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211 Huimin Rd., Wenjiang Dist, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Yinghong Liu
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Guowu Yu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211 Huimin Rd., Wenjiang Dist, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Chunzhao Zhao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Yangping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211 Huimin Rd., Wenjiang Dist, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Yubi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211 Huimin Rd., Wenjiang Dist, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
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Khan R, Ma X, Zhang J, Wu X, Iqbal A, Wu Y, Zhou L, Wang S. Circular drought-hardening confers drought tolerance via modulation of the antioxidant defense system, osmoregulation, and gene expression in tobacco. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:1073-1088. [PMID: 33755204 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress hinders the growth and development of crop plants and ultimately its productivity. It is expected that drought stress will be frequent and intense in the future due to drastic changes in the global climate. It is necessary to make crop plants more resilient to drought stress through various techniques; drought-hardening is one of them. Defining various metabolic strategies used by tobacco plants to confer drought tolerance will be important for maintaining plant physiological functions, but studies addressing this topic are limited. This study was designed to elucidate the drought tolerance and adaptation strategies used by tobacco plants via the application of different circular drought-hardening cycles (control: no drought-hardening, T1: one cycle of drought hardening, T2: two cycles of drought-hardening, and T3: three cycles of drought-hardening) to two tobacco varieties namely Honghuadajinyuan (H) and Yun Yan-100 (Y). The results revealed that drought-hardening decreased the fresh and dry biomass of the tobacco plants. The decrease was more pronounced in the T3 treatment for both H (23 and 29%, respectively) and Y (26 and 31%, respectively) under drought stress. The MDA contents, especially in T1 and T2 in both varieties, were statistically similar compared with control under drought stress. Similarly, higher POD, APX, and GR activities were observed, especially in T3, and elevated amounts of AsA and GSH were also observed among the different circular drought-hardening treatments under drought stress. Thus circular drought-hardening mitigated the oxidative damage by increasing the antioxidant enzyme activities and elevated the content of antioxidant substances, a key metabolic strategy under drought stress. Similarly, another important plant metabolic strategy is the osmotic adjustment. Different circular drought-hardening treatments improved the accumulation of proline and soluble sugars contents which contributed to osmoregulation. Finally, at the molecular level, circular drought-hardening improved the transcript levels of antioxidant enzyme-related genes (CAT, APX1, and GR2), proline and polyamines biosynthesis-related genes (P5CS1 and ADC2), and ABA signaling (SnRK2), and transcription factors (AREB1 and WRKY6) in response to drought stress. As a result, circular drought-hardening (T2 and T3 treatments) promoted tolerance to water stress via affecting the anti-oxidative capacity, osmotic adjustment, and regulation of gene expression in tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayyan Khan
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinghua Ma
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoying Wu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Anas Iqbal
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming System, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yuanhua Wu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shusheng Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China
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Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analyses of AnSnRK2 Gene Family under Osmotic Stress in Ammopiptanthus nanus. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10050882. [PMID: 33925572 PMCID: PMC8145913 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sucrose non-fermenting-1 (SNF1)-related protein kinase 2’s (SnRK2s) are plant-specific serine/threonine protein kinases and play crucial roles in the abscisic acid signaling pathway and abiotic stress response. Ammopiptanthus nanus is a relict xerophyte shrub and extremely tolerant of abiotic stresses. Therefore, we performed genome-wide identification of the AnSnRK2 genes and analyzed their expression profiles under osmotic stresses including drought and salinity. A total of 11 AnSnRK2 genes (AnSnRK2.1-AnSnRK2.11) were identified in the A. nanus genome and were divided into three groups according to the phylogenetic tree. The AnSnRK2.6 has seven introns and others have eight introns. All of the AnSnRK2 proteins are highly conserved at the N-terminus and contain similar motif composition. The result of cis-acting element analysis showed that there were abundant hormone- and stress-related cis-elements in the promoter regions of AnSnRK2s. Moreover, the results of quantitative real-time PCR exhibited that the expression of most AnSnRK2s was induced by NaCl and PEG-6000 treatments, but the expression of AnSnRK2.3 and AnSnRK2.6 was inhibited, suggesting that the AnSnRK2s might play key roles in stress tolerance. The study provides insights into understanding the function of AnSnRK2s.
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Wang Y, Liu A. Genomic Characterization and Expression Analysis of the SnRK Family Genes in Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo (Orchidaceae). PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10030479. [PMID: 33802577 PMCID: PMC8000535 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sucrose non-fermenting1-related protein kinases (SnRKs) are a type of Ser/Thr protein kinases, and they play an important role in plant life, especially in metabolism and responses to environmental stresses. However, there is limited information on SnRK genes in Dendrobium officinale. In the present research, a total of 36 DoSnRK genes were identified based on genomic data. These DoSnRKs could be grouped into three subfamilies, including 1 member of DoSnRK1, 7 of DoSnRK2, and 28 of DoSnRK3. The gene structure analysis of DoSnRK genes showed that 17 members had no introns, while 16 members contained six or more introns. The conserved domains and motifs were found in the same subfamily. The various cis-elements present in the promoter regions showed that DoSnRK genes could respond to stresses and hormones. Furthermore, the expression patterns of DoSnRK genes in eight tissues were investigated according to RNA sequencing data, indicating that multiple DoSnRK genes were ubiquitously expressed in these tissues. The transcript levels of DoSnRK genes after drought, MeJA, and ABA treatments were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR and showed that most DoSnRK genes could respond to these stresses. Therefore, genomic characterization and expression analyses provide valuable information on DoSnRK genes for further understanding the functions of SnRKs in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China;
- Bio-Innovation Center of DR PLANT, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Aizhong Liu
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-87165223125
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Chen G, Wang J, Qiao X, Jin C, Duan W, Sun X, Wu J. Genome-wide survey of sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinase 2 in Rosaceae and expression analysis of PbrSnRK2 in response to ABA stress. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:781. [PMID: 33172386 PMCID: PMC7653828 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07201-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The members of the sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinase 2 (SnRK2) family are specific serine/threonine protein kinases in plants that play important roles in stress signal transduction and adaptation. Because of their positive regulatory roles in response to adverse conditions, the genes encoding thes proteins are considered potential candidates for breeding of plants for disease resistance and genetic improvement. However, there is far less information about this kinase family, and the function of these genes has not been explored in Rosaceae. Results A genome-wide survey and analysis of the genes encoding members of the SnRK2 family were performed in pear (Pyrus bretschneideri) and seven other Rosaceae species. A total of 71 SnRK2 genes were identified from the eight Rosaceae species and classified into three subgroups based on phylogenetic analysis and structural characteristics. Purifying selection played a crucial role in the evolution of SnRK2 genes, and whole-genome duplication and dispersed duplication were the primary forces underlying the characteristics of the SnRK2 gene family in Rosaceae. Transcriptome data and qRT-PCR assay results revealed that the distribution of PbrSnRK2s was very extensive, including across the roots, leaves, pollen, styles, and flowers, although most of them were mainly expressed in leaves. In addition, under stress conditions, the transcript levels of some of the genes were upregulated in leaves in response to ABA treatment. Conclusions This study provides useful information and a theoretical introduction for the study of the evolution, expression, and functions of the SnRK2 gene family in plants. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-020-07201-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Chen
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, China.
| | - Jizhong Wang
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, China
| | - Xin Qiao
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Cong Jin
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, China
| | - Weike Duan
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, China
| | - Xiaochuan Sun
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, China
| | - Juyou Wu
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Zhang R, Wang Y, Li S, Yang L, Liang Z. ABA signaling pathway genes and function during abiotic stress and berry ripening in Vitis vinifera. Gene 2020; 769:145226. [PMID: 33059024 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) plays important roles in plant development and tolerance to abiotic stresses. Limited information is available regarding ABA signaling pathway genes in grape. In this study, 9 VvPYR/PYLs, 85 VvPP2Cs, 7 VvABIs, 7 VvSnRK2s, and 8 VvABFs were identified in the grape genome. Duplication analysis indicated that whole genome duplication might contribute to the expansion of these gene families. The comprehensive transcriptome analysis in various organs/tissues implied that most of these genes were tissue-specific, and few were environment-specific genes. Exogenous ABA treatment reduced the grape maturation period. VvPP2C59, VvPP2C60, VvPP2C66, and VvABF8 were all involved in tolerance to cold, heat, and drought stresses, revealing their crucial roles in regulating environmental stress responses. This work provides detailed information of ABA signaling pathway genes and new insights regarding their expression patterns during grape development and abiotic stress treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Agricultural Big-Data Research Center and College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, and CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shaohua Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, and CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Long Yang
- Agricultural Big-Data Research Center and College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Zhenchang Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, and CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100093, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
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The SnRK2 family in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.): genome-wide identification and expression analyses during fruit development and under abiotic stress. Genes Genomics 2020; 42:1117-1130. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-020-00968-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Liu M, Wang J, Gou J, Wang X, Li Z, Yang X, Sun S. Overexpression of NtSnRK2.2 enhances salt tolerance in Nicotiana tabacum by regulating carbohydrate metabolism and lateral root development. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2020; 47:537-543. [PMID: 32336321 DOI: 10.1071/fp19299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
SnRK2 is a plant-specific protein kinase family implicated in environmental stress tolerance. Individual SnRK2 genes have acquired distinct regulatory properties in response to various environmental stresses. In this study, NtSnRK2.2, a SnRK2 subclass II member in Nicotiana tabacum L., was cloned and characterised. Sequence alignment analysis showed that SnRK2.2 exhibits widespread sequence differences across Nicotiana species. The tissue expression pattern of NtSnRK2.2 showed a root-predominant expression. To investigate its biological function, NtSnRK2.2 was overexpressed in tobacco, which subsequently resulted in increased soluble sugars and more lateral roots under a normal condition. A salt-stress tolerance assay showed that NtSnRK2.2-overexpressing plants exhibited enhanced salt tolerance, which was further confirmed based on its better root architecture and increase in soluble sugars, thereby implying that NtSnRK2.2 is a multifunctional regulatory factor in plants. Together, our results indicated the possible role played by NtSnRK2.2 in maintaining metabolic homeostasis via the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism in response to environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghong Liu
- Zunyi Branch of Guizhou Tobacco Company, Zunyi, Guizhou, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Jian Wang
- China Tobacco Hubei Industrial Limited Liability Company, Wuhan, Hubei, Wuhan 430040, China
| | - Jianyu Gou
- Zunyi Branch of Guizhou Tobacco Company, Zunyi, Guizhou, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Zunyi Branch of Guizhou Tobacco Company, Zunyi, Guizhou, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Zhigang Li
- China Tobacco Hubei Industrial Limited Liability Company, Wuhan, Hubei, Wuhan 430040, China
| | - Xiaoliang Yang
- China Tobacco Hubei Industrial Limited Liability Company, Wuhan, Hubei, Wuhan 430040, China
| | - Shuguang Sun
- China Tobacco Hubei Industrial Limited Liability Company, Wuhan, Hubei, Wuhan 430040, China; and Corresponding author.
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Xiang DJ, Man LL, Cao S, Liu P, Li ZG, Wang XD. Heterologous expression of an Agropyron cristatum SnRK2 protein kinase gene ( AcSnRK2.11) increases freezing tolerance in transgenic yeast and tobacco. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:209. [PMID: 32351867 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02203-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The sucrose non-fermenting-1 related protein kinase 2 (SnRK2) family plays an important role in the response to abiotic stress. To characterize the function of the SnRK2 gene from Agropyron cristatum in stress protection, we cloned the complete coding sequence of the AcSnRK2.11 gene from A. cristatum and generated AcSnRK2.11-overexpressing tobacco lines. The open reading frame of AcSnRK2.11 was 1083 bp in length and encoded a polypeptide of 360 amino acid residues. The sequence analysis results showed that AcSnRK2.11 contained conserved domains typified in SnRK2 protein kinases. Subcellular localization analysis showed that AcSnRK2.11 was located in the nucleus. AcSnRK2.11 was constitutively expressed in all of the examined tissues, and its transcription was induced by cold, dehydration, and salt stress, but not by abscisic acid treatment. Overexpression of the AcSnRK2.11 gene conferred freezing tolerance in yeast. AcSnRK2.11-overexpressing tobacco lines showed higher tolerance to freezing stress than did wild-type (WT) based on higher survival rates, lower malondialdehyde content and increased relative water content retention, chlorophyll yields, superoxide dismutase activities, reactive oxygen species content, peroxidase levels, and soluble carbohydrates under low-temperature conditions. The transcripts of NtDREB1, NtDREB2, NtERD10A, NtERD10B, NtERD10C, NtERD10D, NtMnSOD, NtCDPK15, and NtMPK9 in AcSnRK2.11-overexpressing tobacco lines were more abundant than in WT plants under low-temperature stress. These results suggest that AcSnRK2.11 may function as a regulatory factor associated with a cold-response pathway and could be used in plant breeding for cold resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian-Jun Xiang
- 1College of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, 028042 China
| | - Li-Li Man
- 2College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, 028042 China
| | - Shuai Cao
- 1College of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, 028042 China
| | - Peng Liu
- 1College of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, 028042 China
| | - Zhi-Gang Li
- 1College of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, 028042 China
| | - Xiao-Dong Wang
- 1College of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, 028042 China
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Zhang Y, Wan S, Liu X, He J, Cheng L, Duan M, Liu H, Wang W, Yu Y. Overexpression of CsSnRK2.5 increases tolerance to drought stress in transgenic Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 150:162-170. [PMID: 32145581 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a major factor limiting crop productivity and quality. Sucrose non-fermenting-1 (SNF1)-related protein kinase 2s (SnRK2s) play critical roles in plant abiotic stress responses, especially in drought stress. However, knowledge regarding the functional roles of SnRK2s in drought stress and their underlying mechanisms is relatively limited in tea plant. In this study, CsSnRK2.5, a PEG 6000- and ABA-induced SnRK2 gene from tea plant, was overexpressed in Arabidopsis to investigate its potential function in drought stress response. The results showed that overexpression of CsSnRK2.5 resulted in enhanced drought tolerance, as indicated by an amelioration of the changes in various physiological indexes, including a decreased rate of water loss and decreased accumulation of ROS and MDA. In addition, CsSnRK2.5 overexpression conferred hypersensitivity to exogenous ABA, and transgenic plants exhibited improved ABA-mediated stomatal closure compared to WT plants. Moreover, the expression of some stress response genes, including AtRAB18 and AtRD29b, was more strongly induced in transgenic plants than in the WT when subjected to ABA and drought treatments. Taken together, our results indicate that CsSnRK2.5 is a positive regulator of ABA-regulated drought stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongheng Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Siqin Wan
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xianghong Liu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingyuan He
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Long Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengsha Duan
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huan Liu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Youben Yu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Genome-Wide Characterization of Snf1-Related Protein Kinases (SnRKs) and Expression Analysis of SnRK1.1 in Strawberry. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11040427. [PMID: 32316116 PMCID: PMC7230852 DOI: 10.3390/genes11040427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant sucrose nonfermenting 1 (SNF1)-related protein kinases (SnRKs) are key regulators in the interconnection of various signaling pathways. However, little is known about the SnRK family in strawberries. In this study, a total of 26 FvSnRKs including one FvSnRK1, nine FvSnRK2s and 16 FvSnRK3s were identified from the strawberry genome database. They were respectively designated as FvSnRK1.1, FvSnRK2.1 to FvSnRK2.9 and FvSnRK3.1 to FvSnRK3.16, according to the conserved domain of each subfamily and multiple sequence alignment with Arabidopsis. FvSnRK family members were unevenly distributed in seven chromosomes. The number of exons or introns varied among FvSnRK1s, FvSnRK2s and FvSnRK3s, but highly conserved in the same subfamily. The FvSnRK1.1 had 10 exons. Most of FvSnRK2s had nine exons or eight introns, except FvSnRK2.4, FvSnRK2.8 and FvSnRK2.9. FvSnRK3 genes were divided into intron-free and intron-harboring members, and the number of introns in intron-harboring group ranged from 11 to 15. Moreover, the phylogenetic analysis showed SnRK1, SnRK2 and SnRK3 subfamilies respectively clustered together in spite of the different species of strawberry and Arabidopsis, indicating the genes were established prior to the divergence of the corresponding taxonomic lineages. Meanwhile, conserved motif analysis showed that FvSnRK sequences that belonged to the same subgroup contained their own specific motifs. Cis-element in promoter and expression pattern analyses of FvSnRK1.1 suggested that FvSnRK1.1 was involved in cold responsiveness, light responsiveness and fruit ripening. Taken together, this comprehensive analysis will facilitate further studies of the FvSnRK family and provide a basis for the understanding of their function in strawberry.
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Mao X, Li Y, Rehman SU, Miao L, Zhang Y, Chen X, Yu C, Wang J, Li C, Jing R. The Sucrose Non-Fermenting 1-Related Protein Kinase 2 (SnRK2) Genes Are Multifaceted Players in Plant Growth, Development and Response to Environmental Stimuli. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:225-242. [PMID: 31834400 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Reversible protein phosphorylation orchestrated by protein kinases and phosphatases is a major regulatory event in plants and animals. The SnRK2 subfamily consists of plant-specific protein kinases in the Ser/Thr protein kinase superfamily. Early observations indicated that SnRK2s are mainly involved in response to abiotic stress. Recent evidence shows that SnRK2s are multifarious players in a variety of biological processes. Here, we summarize the considerable knowledge of SnRK2s, including evolution, classification, biological functions and regulatory mechanisms at the epigenetic, post-transcriptional and post-translation levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinguo Mao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
| | - Yuying Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450016, P. R. China
| | - Shoaib Ur Rehman
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Lili Miao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yanfei Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450016, P. R. China
| | - Xin Chen
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Chunmei Yu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Chaonan Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Ruilian Jing
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
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Maleckova E, Brilhaus D, Wrobel TJ, Weber APM. Transcript and metabolite changes during the early phase of abscisic acid-mediated induction of crassulacean acid metabolism in Talinum triangulare. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:6581-6596. [PMID: 31111894 PMCID: PMC6883267 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) has evolved as a water-saving strategy, and its engineering into crops offers an opportunity to improve their water use efficiency. This requires a comprehensive understanding of the regulation of the CAM pathway. Here, we use the facultative CAM species Talinum triangulare as a model in which CAM can be induced rapidly by exogenous abscisic acid. RNA sequencing and metabolite measurements were employed to analyse the changes underlying CAM induction and identify potential CAM regulators. Non-negative matrix factorization followed by k-means clustering identified an early CAM-specific cluster and a late one, which was specific for the early light phase. Enrichment analysis revealed abscisic acid metabolism, WRKY-regulated transcription, sugar and nutrient transport, and protein degradation in these clusters. Activation of the CAM pathway was supported by up-regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, cytosolic and chloroplastic malic enzymes, and several transport proteins, as well as by increased end-of-night titratable acidity and malate accumulation. The transcription factors HSFA2, NF-YA9, and JMJ27 were identified as candidate regulators of CAM induction. With this study we promote the model species T. triangulare, in which CAM can be induced in a controlled way, enabling further deciphering of CAM regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Maleckova
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dominik Brilhaus
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas J Wrobel
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Zhang F, Zeng D, Huang L, Shi Y, Chen T, Zhang F, Zhou Y. Stress-Activated Protein Kinase OsSAPK9 Regulates Tolerance to Salt Stress and Resistance to Bacterial Blight in Rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 12:80. [PMID: 31712918 PMCID: PMC6848426 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-019-0338-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salt stress and bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) are key limiting factors of rice (Oryza sativa L.) yields. Members of sucrose non-fermenting 1 (SNF1)-related protein kinase 2 (SnRK2), which is a family of plant-specific Ser/Thr kinases, are important components of signaling pathways involved in plant developmental processes and responses to stresses. There are 10 members of the SnRK2 family in rice; however, their functions are poorly understood, as are the underlying molecular mechanisms. RESULTS In this study, we found that OsSAPK9, which belongs to the SnRK2 family, positively regulated salt-stress tolerance and strain-specific resistance to bacterial blight in rice. RNA sequencing revealed that there were 404 and 1324 genes differentially expressed in OsSAPK9-RNAi in comparison with wild-type plants under salt-stress conditions and after Xoo inoculation, respectively, which participate in basic metabolic processes. In total, 65 common differentially expressed genes involved mainly in defense responses were detected both under salt-stress conditions and after Xoo inoculation. Moreover, in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that OsSAPK9 forms a protein complex with the molecular chaperones OsSGT1 and OsHsp90, and transgenic plants overexpressing OsSGT1 exhibited decreased tolerances to salt stress and significantly increased resistance levels to bacterial blight. Thus, OsSAPK9 may function as a center node regulator of salt-stress responses and disease-resistance pathways through its interaction with OsSGT1 in rice. CONCLUSION This study confirms that OsSAPK9 functions as a positive regulator of salt-stress responses and disease resistance through its interaction with OsSGT1 in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 South Zhong-Guan-Cun Street, Beijing, 100081 China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 South Zhong-Guan-Cun Street, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Dan Zeng
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 South Zhong-Guan-Cun Street, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Liyu Huang
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 South Zhong-Guan-Cun Street, Beijing, 100081 China
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Yingyao Shi
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Tengjun Chen
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 South Zhong-Guan-Cun Street, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Yongli Zhou
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 South Zhong-Guan-Cun Street, Beijing, 100081 China
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Righetto GL, Sriranganadane D, Halabelian L, Chiodi CG, Elkins JM, Massirer KB, Gileadi O, Menossi M, Couñago RM. The C-Terminal Domains SnRK2 Box and ABA Box Have a Role in Sugarcane SnRK2s Auto-Activation and Activity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1105. [PMID: 31620147 PMCID: PMC6759772 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to drought stress is fundamental to plant survival and development. Abscisic acid (ABA) is one of the major hormones involved in different types of abiotic and biotic stress responses. ABA intracellular signaling has been extensively explored in Arabidopsis thaliana and occurs via a phosphorylation cascade mediated by three related protein kinases, denominated SnRK2s (SNF1-related protein kinases). However, the role of ABA signaling and the biochemistry of SnRK2 in crop plants remains underexplored. Considering the importance of the ABA hormone in abiotic stress tolerance, here we investigated the regulatory mechanism of sugarcane SnRK2s-known as stress/ABA-activated protein kinases (SAPKs). The crystal structure of ScSAPK10 revealed the characteristic SnRK2 family architecture, in which the regulatory SnRK2 box interacts with the kinase domain αC helix. To study sugarcane SnRK2 regulation, we produced a series of mutants for the protein regulatory domains SnRK2 box and ABA box. Mutations in ScSAPK8 SnRK2 box aimed at perturbing its interaction with the protein kinase domain reduced protein kinase activity in vitro. On the other hand, mutations to ScSAPK ABA box did not impact protein kinase activity but did alter the protein autophosphorylation pattern. Taken together, our results demonstrate that both SnRK2 and ABA boxes might play a role in sugarcane SnRK2 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germanna Lima Righetto
- Functional Genome Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution, and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Dev Sriranganadane
- Centro de Química Medicinal (CQMED), Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética (CBMEG), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Instituto de Biologia, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Levon Halabelian
- Structural Genomics Consortium, MaRS Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carla G. Chiodi
- Centro de Química Medicinal (CQMED), Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética (CBMEG), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Instituto de Biologia, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Jonathan M. Elkins
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Instituto de Biologia, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Katlin B. Massirer
- Centro de Química Medicinal (CQMED), Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética (CBMEG), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Instituto de Biologia, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Opher Gileadi
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Marcelo Menossi
- Functional Genome Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution, and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Rafael M. Couñago
- Centro de Química Medicinal (CQMED), Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética (CBMEG), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Instituto de Biologia, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
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Wang Y, Yan H, Qiu Z, Hu B, Zeng B, Zhong C, Fan C. Comprehensive Analysis of SnRK Gene Family and their Responses to Salt Stress in Eucalyptus grandis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2786. [PMID: 31174407 PMCID: PMC6600528 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The sucrose non-fermentation-related protein kinase (SnRK) is a kind of Ser/Thr protein kinase, which plays a crucial role in plant stress response by phosphorylating the target protein to regulate the interconnection of various signaling pathways. However, little is known about the SnRK family in Eucalyptus grandis. Thirty-four putative SnRK sequences were identified in E. grandis and divided into three subgroups (SnRK1, SnRK2 and SnRK3) based on phylogenetic analysis and the type of domain. Chromosome localization showed that SnRK family members are unevenly distributed in the remaining 10 chromosomes, with the notable exception of chromosome 11. Gene structure analysis reveal that 10 of the 24 SnRK3 genes contained no introns. Moreover, conserved motif analyses showed that SnRK sequences belonged to the same subgroup that contained the same motif type of motif. The Ka/Ks ratio of 17 paralogues suggested that the EgrSnRK gene family underwent a purifying selection. The upstream region of EgrSnRK genes enriched with different type and numbers of cis-elements indicated that EgrSnRK genes are likely to play a role in the response to diverse stresses. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that the majority of the SnRK genes were induced by salt treatment. Genome-wide analyses and expression pattern analyses provided further understanding on the function of the SnRK family in the stress response to different environmental salt concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Tropical Forest Research, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China.
- .Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education of China, Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Huifang Yan
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Tropical Forest Research, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China.
| | - Zhenfei Qiu
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Tropical Forest Research, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China.
| | - Bing Hu
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Tropical Forest Research, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China.
| | - Bingshan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Tropical Forest Research, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China.
| | - Chonglu Zhong
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Tropical Forest Research, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China.
| | - Chunjie Fan
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Tropical Forest Research, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China.
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Wu Q, Wang M, Shen J, Chen D, Zheng Y, Zhang W. ZmOST1 mediates abscisic acid regulation of guard cell ion channels and drought stress responses. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 61:478-491. [PMID: 30160823 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is an important mediator in the drought response, participating in, among other processes, stomatal movements. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the serine/threonine protein kinase, OST1, regulates this response, but the function of its maize homolog has yet to be established. Here, we isolated ZmOST1 and show that its encoded protein indeed acts to regulate guard cell movement. ZmOST1 was ubiquitously expressed throughout the plant, being highly expressed in guard cells, and inducible both by exogenous ABA and water stress. Transient expression of a ZmOST1-GFP fusion protein, in maize mesophyll protoplasts, indicated its subcellular localization in the cytoplasm and nucleus. A Zmost1 loss-of-function mutant exhibited reduced sensitivity to ABA-activated slow anion channels in maize guard cells, and reduced drought tolerance. Constitutive expression of ZmOST1, in an A. thaliana ost1-1 mutant rescued the phenotype with respect both to the sensitivity of guard cell slow anion currents to ABA treatment and stomatal closure. Our findings indicate a positive regulatory role for ZmOST1 in guard cell ABA signaling and drought response in maize plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education; School of Life Science, Shandong University, Tsingtao 266237, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education; School of Life Science, Shandong University, Tsingtao 266237, China
| | - Jianlin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education; School of Life Science, Shandong University, Tsingtao 266237, China
| | - Donghua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education; School of Life Science, Shandong University, Tsingtao 266237, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education; School of Life Science, Shandong University, Tsingtao 266237, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education; School of Life Science, Shandong University, Tsingtao 266237, China
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40
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Wang J, Song Z, Jia H, Yang S, Zhang H. Characterization of wheat TaSnRK2.7 promoter in Arabidopsis. PLANTA 2018; 248:1393-1401. [PMID: 30121873 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-2984-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Expression of TaSnRK2.7 promoter is strongly induced under abiotic stress and could be used as a valuable tool for improving plant stress resistance via transgenic techniques. The sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinase 2 (SnRK2) gene family plays pivotal roles in response to abiotic stresses (drought, salinity and cold). Here, we studied the expression of five wheat TaSnRK2.7 promoter-5'-deletion constructs (- 2547, - 1621, - 806, - 599, and - 254) fused to beta-glucuronidase (GUS) in Arabidopsis. Tissue-expression analysis revealed that the - 254 to ATG fragment was sufficient for inducing GUS expression in hypocotyls. Additionally, the - 806 to - 599 and - 2547 to - 1621 fragments contained leaf- and root-specific elements, respectively. Deletion analysis showed that these fragments were unresponsive to ABA treatment, suggesting that TaSnRK2.7 participates in an ABA-independent signaling pathway. Assays examining stress responses of constructs demonstrated that the - 599 to - 254 and - 806 to - 599 fragments contained elements responsive to abiotic and osmotic stress, respectively. The TaSnRK2.7 promoter contained enhancers from - 806 to - 254 and - 2547 to - 1621, while the - 1621 to - 806 fragment contained negative regulatory elements that restrict root and leaf gene expression in response to abiotic stress. Furthermore, under drought and salt stress, the TaSnRK2.7 promoter conferred greater gene expression in leaves than the rd29A promoter, even though both were induced by abiotic stress. These findings enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind TaSnRK2.7 action, which should prove useful in transgenic studies investigating stress-induced gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Wang
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Zhaopeng Song
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Hongfang Jia
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Shen Yang
- Land Fertilizer Management Station of Shangqiu District, Shangqiu, 476000, China
| | - Hongying Zhang
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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Zhang YH, Wan SQ, Wang WD, Chen JF, Huang LL, Duan MS, Yu YB. Genome-wide identification and characterization of the CsSnRK2 family in Camellia sinensis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 132:287-296. [PMID: 30245342 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The sucrose nonfermenting 1 (SNF1)-related protein kinase 2 (SnRK2) genes play central roles in plant stress signal transduction. In this study, 8 SnRK2 genes were identified from the tea plant genome database and named CsSnRK2.1-8. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the CsSnRK2 genes were classifiable into three groups, similar to those of Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa and maize. The coding sequences (CDSs) of all CsSnRK2s were separated by eight introns, and their exon-intron organizations exhibited high similarity to those of other plants. The fluorescence of GFP fused with CsSnRK2.3 was detected in only the cytoplasm, while the rest of the proteins showed GFP signal in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The results of the expression patterns of the CsSnRK2 genes showed that CsSnRK2s were differentially induced by salt, polyethylene glycol (PEG) and abscisic acid (ABA) stress. Interestingly, The expression of CsSnRK2.3 was inhibited by ABA, suggesting the complicated roles of CsSnRK2s in the ABA signal transduction pathway. Some CsSnRK2 gene pairs showed significant expression change correlations under stresses, indicating that CsSnRK2s might exhibit synergistic effects of signal regulation in response to various stresses. In summary, this comprehensive analysis will facilitate further studies of the SnRK2 family of Camellia sinensis and provide useful information for the functional validation of CsSnRK2s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Heng Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Si-Qing Wan
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei-Dong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiang-Fei Chen
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lin-Li Huang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meng-Sha Duan
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - You-Ben Yu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Aihua L, Shunyuan J, Guang Y, Ying L, Na G, Tong C, Liping K, Luqi H. Molecular mechanism of seed dormancy release induced by fluridone compared with cod stratification in Notopterygium incisum. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:116. [PMID: 29890940 PMCID: PMC5996521 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1333-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Notopterygium incisum is an important Chinese medicinal plant. Its mature seeds have underdeveloped embryos and are physiological dormant. We found the seeds with full developed embryos can germinate after treated by fluridone (FL), an inhibitor of abscisic acid (ABA). In order to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying seed dormancy release by FL, we compared the transcriptomic changes in dormancy release induced by two different methods, FL and cold stratification (CS) in N. incisum. We further analyzed the gene expression patterns involved in seed germination and dormancy using quantitative reverse-transcription PCR. RESULTS RNA-sequence analysis revealed more dramatic changes in the transcriptomes of FL than those in CS, particularly for genes involved in the biosynthesis and regulation of gibberellins (GAs) and ABA. The down-regulation of ABA biosynthesis genes and the dramatic up-regulation of NiCYP707As, an ABA catabolic gene, contributed to the reduced ABA levels in FL. The increased GA3 levels in CS-treated seeds were due to the up-regulation of NiGA3OX. Both NiABI5 (a positive ABA regulator) and NiGAI (a negative regulator of GA) were down-regulated in FL and CS. The upregulation of strigolactones (SLs; the metabolites with the same precursor as ABA) biosynthesis and regulatory genes in both FL- and CS-treated seeds indicates that SLs contribute positively to seed dormancy release in N. incisum. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that FL- and CS-seed dormancy release possibly depends on two totally different mechanisms: alleviation of the effects of ABA and potentiation of the effects of GA, respectively. However, NiABI5 and NiGAI probably function as common factors integrating the effects of ABA and GA on seed dormancy release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Aihua
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 People’s Republic of China
- Flow Station of Post-doctoral Scientific Research, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiang Shunyuan
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Quality and Innovation Research of Chinese Materia Medica, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, 610041 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Guang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Ying
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 People’s Republic of China
| | - Guo Na
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Tong
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 People’s Republic of China
| | - Kang Liping
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 People’s Republic of China
| | - Huang Luqi
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 People’s Republic of China
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Wang YG, Fu FL, Yu HQ, Hu T, Zhang YY, Tao Y, Zhu JK, Zhao Y, Li WC. Interaction network of core ABA signaling components in maize. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 96:245-263. [PMID: 29344831 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-017-0692-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We defined a comprehensive core ABA signaling network in monocot maize, including the gene expression, subcellular localization and interaction network of ZmPYLs, ZmPP2Cs, ZmSnRK2s and the putative substrates. The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays an important role in plant developmental processes and abiotic stress responses. In Arabidopsis, ABA is sensed by the PYL ABA receptors, which leads to binding of the PP2C protein phosphatase and activation of the SnRK2 protein kinases. These components functioning diversely and redundantly in ABA signaling are little known in maize. Using Arabidopsis pyl112458 and snrk2.2/3/6 mutants, we identified several ABA-responsive ZmPYLs and ZmSnRK2s, and also ZmPP2Cs. We showed the gene expression, subcellular localization and interaction network of ZmPYLs, ZmPP2Cs, and ZmSnRK2s, and the isolation of putative ZmSnRK2 substrates by mass spectrometry in monocot maize. We found that the ABA dependency of PYL-PP2C interactions is contingent on the identity of the PP2Cs. Among 238 candidate substrates for ABA-activated protein kinases, 69 are putative ZmSnRK2 substrates. Besides homologs of previously reported putative AtSnRK2 substrates, 23 phosphoproteins have not been discovered in the dicot Arabidopsis. Thus, we have defined a comprehensive core ABA signaling network in monocot maize and shed new light on ABA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ge Wang
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Feng-Ling Fu
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Hao-Qiang Yu
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Hu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Tao
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Wan-Chen Li
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
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Wang X, Wang L, Wang Y, Liu H, Hu D, Zhang N, Zhang S, Cao H, Cao Q, Zhang Z, Tang S, Song D, Wang C. Arabidopsis PCaP2 Plays an Important Role in Chilling Tolerance and ABA Response by Activating CBF- and SnRK2-Mediated Transcriptional Regulatory Network. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:215. [PMID: 29568301 PMCID: PMC5852069 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Chilling stress affects plant growth and productivity. However, the multi-underlying mechanisms of chilling tolerance are not well understood. Arabidopsis PCaP2 is involved in regulating the dynamic of microtubules (MTs) and F-actin and Ca2+-binding ability. Here, the results showed that the PCaP2 expression was highly induced in roots, cotyledons, true leaves, lateral roots and flowers under cold stress. Compared with the wild type, PCaP2-overexpressing plants displayed the enhanced tolerance, whereas its RNAi and mutant were more sensitive in seed germination, seedling and reproductive growth under chilling stress in Arabidopsis. In addition, PCaP2 was also a positive regulator of ABA signaling pathway by analyzing the expression of PCaP2 and the phenotypes of PCaP2-overexpressing, mutant and RNAi plants under ABA treatment. Interestingly, disruption of PCaP2 inhibited the expression of CBF1, -3 and CBF-target COR genes, while increased the CBF2 expression in response to cold or ABA. Moreover, we found that SnRK2s were involved in cold stress and PCaP2 mutants down-regulated the transcription level of SnRK2.2, -2.3 and SnRK2-mediated downstream genes including ABF2, RD29A, KIN1, KIN2, but up-regulated SnRK2.6, ABF1, -3, -4 in ABA and cold treatments. It is well-accepted that PCaP2 as a Ca2+-binding protein triggers the gene expression to enhance plant chilling tolerance. Our further studies showed that MT destabilizing activity of PCaP2, but not F-actin-severing function, may be involved in chilling stress. Taken together, our results highlight that PCaP2 plays an important role in chilling tolerance and ABA response by triggering the CBF- and SnRK2-meditated transcriptional regulatory pathways, providing novel evidences of underlying mechanisms of multi-pathways in chilling stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianling Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lu Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huan Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dan Hu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shaobin Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huiying Cao
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qijiang Cao
- Department of Medicine, HE University School of Clinical Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuang Tang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dandan Song
- Luoyang High-Tech Zone No. 2 Experimental School, Henan, China
| | - Che Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Che Wang,
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Li C, Nong Q, Xie J, Wang Z, Liang Q, Solanki MK, Malviya MK, Liu X, Li Y, Htun R, Wei J, Li Y. Molecular Characterization and Co-expression Analysis of the SnRK2 Gene Family in Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.). Sci Rep 2017; 7:17659. [PMID: 29247208 PMCID: PMC5732291 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16152-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants, both abscisic acid (ABA) dependent and independent pathways form the basis for the response to environmental stresses. Sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinase 2 (SnRK2) plays a central role in plant stress signal transduction. However, complete annotation and specific expression patterns of SnRK2s in sugarcane remain unclear. For the present study, we performed a full-length cDNA library survey of sugarcane, thus identifying ten SoSnRK2 genes via phylogenetic, local BLAST methods, and various bioinformatics analyses. Phylogenetic analysis indicated division of SoSnRK2 genes into three subgroups, similar to other plant species. Gene structure comparison with Arabidopsis suggested a unique evolutionary imprint of the SnRK2 gene family in sugarcane. Both sequence alignment and structural annotation provided an overview of the conserved N-terminal and variations of the C-terminal, suggesting functional divergence. Transcript and transient expression assays revealed SoSnRK2s to be involved in the responses to diverse stress signals, and strong ABA induction of SoSnRK2s in subgroup III. Co-expression network analyses indicated the existence of both conserved and variable biological functions among different SoSnRK2s members. In summary, this comprehensive analysis will facilitate further studies of the SoSnRK2 family and provide useful information for the functional validation of SoSnRK2s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changning Li
- College of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China.,Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China
| | - Qian Nong
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China
| | - Jinlan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China
| | - Zeping Wang
- College of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China.,Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China
| | - Qiang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China
| | - Manoj Kumar Solanki
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China
| | - Mukesh Kumar Malviya
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China
| | - Yijie Li
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China
| | - Reemon Htun
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China
| | - Jiguang Wei
- College of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China.
| | - Yangrui Li
- College of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China. .,Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China.
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46
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Zhao Z, Li Y, Liu H, Zhai X, Deng M, Dong Y, Fan G. Genome-wide expression analysis of salt-stressed diploid and autotetraploid Paulownia tomentosa. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185455. [PMID: 29049296 PMCID: PMC5648118 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Paulownia tomentosa is a fast-growing tree species with multiple uses. It is grown worldwide, but is native to China, where it is widely cultivated in saline regions. We previously confirmed that autotetraploid P. tomentosa plants are more stress-tolerant than the diploid plants. However, the molecular mechanism underlying P. tomentosa salinity tolerance has not been fully characterized. Using the complete Paulownia fortunei genome as a reference, we applied next-generation RNA-sequencing technology to analyze the effects of salt stress on diploid and autotetraploid P. tomentosa plants. We generated 175 million clean reads and identified 15,873 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from four P. tomentosa libraries (two diploid and two autotetraploid). Functional annotations of the differentially expressed genes using the Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases revealed that plant hormone signal transduction and photosynthetic activities are vital for plant responses to high-salt conditions. We also identified several transcription factors, including members of the AP2/EREBP, bHLH, MYB, and NAC families. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis validated the expression patterns of eight differentially expressed genes. Our findings and the generated transcriptome data may help to accelerate the genetic improvement of cultivated P. tomentosa and other plant species for enhanced growth in saline soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenli Zhao
- Institute of Paulownia, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Institute of Paulownia, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Haifang Liu
- Institute of Paulownia, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoqiao Zhai
- Forestry Academy of Henan, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Minjie Deng
- Institute of Paulownia, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yanpeng Dong
- Institute of Paulownia, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Guoqiang Fan
- Institute of Paulownia, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- * E-mail:
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Yu X, Takebayashi A, Demura T, Ohtani M. Differential expression of poplar sucrose nonfermenting1-related protein kinase 2 genes in response to abiotic stress and abscisic acid. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2017; 130:929-940. [PMID: 28550412 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-017-0952-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge on the responses of woody plants to abiotic stress can inform strategies to breed improved tree varieties and to manage tree species for environmental conservation and the production of lignocellulosic biomass. In this study, we examined the expression patterns of poplar (Populus trichocarpa) genes encoding members of the sucrose nonfermenting1-related protein kinase 2 (SnRK2) family, which are core components of the abiotic stress response. The P. trichocarpa genome contains twelve SnRK2 genes (PtSnRK2.1- PtSnRK2.12) that can be divided into three subclasses (I-III) based on the structures of their encoded kinase domains. We found that PtSnRK2s are differentially expressed in various organs. In MS medium-grown plants, all of the PtSnRK2 genes were significantly upregulated in response to abscisic acid (ABA) treatment, whereas osmotic and salt stress treatments induced only some (four and seven, respectively) of the PtSnRK2 genes. By contrast, soil-grown plants showed increased expression of most PtSnRK2 genes under drought and salt treatments, but not under ABA treatment. In soil-grown plants, drought stress induced SnRK2 subclass II genes in all tested organs (leaves, stems, and roots), whereas subclass III genes tended to be upregulated in leaves only. These results suggest that the PtSnRK2 genes are involved in abiotic stress responses, are at least partially activated by ABA, and show organ-specific responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yu
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Arika Takebayashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Taku Demura
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Misato Ohtani
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan.
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Zhao W, Cheng YH, Zhang C, Shen XJ, You QB, Guo W, Li X, Song XJ, Zhou XA, Jiao YQ. Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the GmSnRK2 Family in Soybean. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1834. [PMID: 28832544 PMCID: PMC5618483 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sucrose non-fermenting-1 (SNF1)-related protein kinase 2s (SnRK2s) that were reported to be involved in the transduction of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling, play important roles in response to biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. Compared to the systemic investigation of SnRK2s in Arabidopsisthaliana and Oryza sativa, little is known regarding SnRK2s in soybean, which is one of the most important oil and protein crops. In the present study, we performed genome-wide identification and characterization of GmSnRK2s in soybean. In summary, 22 GmSnRK2s were identified and clustered into four groups. Phylogenetic analysis indicated the expansion of SnRK2 gene family during the evolution of soybean. Various cis-acting elements such as ABA Response Elements (ABREs) were identified and analyzed in the promoter regions of GmSnRK2s. The results of RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) data for different soybean tissues showed that GmSnRK2s exhibited spatio-temporally specific expression patterns during soybean growth and development. Certain GmSnRK2s could respond to the treatments including salinity, ABA and strigolactones. Our results provide a foundation for the further elucidation of the function of GmSnRK2 genes in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Key laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Yi-Hui Cheng
- Key laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Chi Zhang
- Beijing Genomics Institute, Wuhan 430075, China.
| | - Xin-Jie Shen
- Key laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Qing-Bo You
- Key laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Wei Guo
- Key laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Xiang Li
- Key laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Xue-Jiao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
| | - Xin-An Zhou
- Key laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Yong-Qing Jiao
- Key laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan 430062, China.
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Zhang H, Jing R, Mao X. Functional Characterization of TaSnRK2.8 Promoter in Response to Abiotic Stresses by Deletion Analysis in Transgenic Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1198. [PMID: 28751901 PMCID: PMC5507967 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Drought, salinity, and cold are the major factors limiting wheat quality and productivity; it is thus highly desirable to characterize the abiotic-stress-inducible promoters suitable for the genetic improvement of plant resistance. The sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinase 2 (SnRK2) family genes show distinct regulatory properties in response to abiotic stresses. The present study characterized the approximately 3000-bp upstream sequence (the 313 bp upstream of the ATG was the transcription start site) of the Triticum aestivum TaSnRK2.8 promoter under abscisic acid (ABA) and abiotic stresses. Four different-length 5' deletion fragments of TaSnRK2.8 promoter were fused with the GUS reporter gene and transformed into Arabidopsis. Tissue expression analysis showed that the TaSnRK2.8 promoter region from position -1481 to -821 contained the stalk-specific elements, and the region from position -2631 to -1481 contained the leaf- and root-specific elements. In the ABA-treated seedlings, the deletion analysis showed that the TaSnRK2.8 promoter region from position -821 to -2631 contained ABA response elements. The abiotic stress responses of the TaSnRK2.8 promoter derivatives demonstrated that they harbored abiotic-stress response elements: the region from position -821 to -408 harbored the osmotic-stress response elements, whereas the region from position -2631 to -1481 contained the positive regulatory motifs and the region from position -1481 to -821 contained the leaf- and stalk-specific enhancers. Further deletion analysis of the promoter region from position -821 to -408 indicated that a 125-bp region from position -693 to -568 was required to induce an osmotic-stress response. These results contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of TaSnRK2.8 in response to abiotic stresses, and the TaSnRK2.8 promoter seems to be a candidate for regulating the expression of abiotic stress response genes in transgenic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Zhang
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou, China
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Ruilian Jing
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Xinguo Mao
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing, China
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Liu Z, Ge X, Yang Z, Zhang C, Zhao G, Chen E, Liu J, Zhang X, Li F. Genome-wide identification and characterization of SnRK2 gene family in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). BMC Genet 2017; 18:54. [PMID: 28606097 PMCID: PMC5469022 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-017-0517-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sucrose non-fermenting-1-related protein kinase 2 (SnRK2) is a plant-specific serine/threonine kinase family involved in the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway and responds to osmotic stress. A genome-wide analysis of this protein family has been conducted previously in some plant species, but little is known about SnRK2 genes in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). The recent release of the G. hirsutum genome sequence provides an opportunity to identify and characterize the SnRK2 kinase family in upland cotton. Results We identified 20 putative SnRK2 sequences in the G. hirsutum genome, designated as GhSnRK2.1 to GhSnRK2.20. All of the sequences encoded hydrophilic proteins. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the GhSnRK2 genes were classifiable into three groups. The chromosomal location and phylogenetic analysis of the cotton SnRK2 genes indicated that segmental duplication likely contributed to the diversification and evolution of the genes. The gene structure and motif composition of the cotton SnRK2 genes were analyzed. Nine exons were conserved in length among all members of the GhSnRK2 family. Although the C-terminus was divergent, seven conserved motifs were present. All GhSnRK2s genes showed expression patterns under abiotic stress based on transcriptome data. The expression profiles of five selected genes were verified in various tissues by quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). Transcript levels of some family members were up-regulated in response to drought, salinity or ABA treatments, consistent with potential roles in response to abiotic stress. Conclusions This study is the first comprehensive analysis of SnRK2 genes in upland cotton. Our results provide the fundamental information for the functional dissection of GhSnRK2s and vital availability for the improvement of plant stress tolerance using GhSnRK2s. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12863-017-0517-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Xiaoyang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Zuoren Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Chaojun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Ge Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Eryong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Ji Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Xueyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China.
| | - Fuguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China.
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