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Bairwa A, Sood S, Bhardwaj V, Rawat S, Tamanna T, Siddappa S, Venkatasalam EP, Dipta B, Sharma AK, Kumar A, Singh B, Mhatre PH, Sharma S, Kumar V. Identification of genes governing resistance to PCN (Globodera rostochiensis) through transcriptome analysis in Solanum tuberosum. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:242. [PMID: 37453957 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01164-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Potato cyst nematodes (PCNs) are major pests worldwide that affect potato production. The molecular changes happening in the roots upon PCN infection are still unknown. Identification of transcripts and genes governing PCN resistance will help in the development of resistant varieties. Hence, differential gene expression of compatible (Kufri Jyoti) and incompatible (JEX/A-267) potato genotypes was studied before (0 DAI) and after (10 DAI) inoculation of Globodera rostochiensis J2s through RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). Total sequencing reads generated ranged between 33 and 37 million per sample, with a read mapping of 48-84% to the potato reference genome. In the infected roots of the resistant genotype JEX/A-267, 516 genes were downregulated, and 566 were upregulated. In comparison, in the susceptible genotype Kufri Jyoti, 316 and 554 genes were downregulated and upregulated, respectively. Genes encoding cell wall proteins, zinc finger protein, WRKY transcription factors, MYB transcription factors, disease resistance proteins, and pathogenesis-related proteins were found to be majorly involved in the incompatible reaction after PCN infection in the resistant genotype, JEX/A-267. Furthermore, RNA-Seq results were validated through quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and it was observed that ATP, FLAVO, CYTO, and GP genes were upregulated at 5 DAI, which was subsequently downregulated at 10 DAI. The genes encoding ATP, FLAVO, LBR, and GP were present in > 1.5 fold before infection in JEX-A/267 and upregulated 7.9- to 27.6-fold after 5 DAI; subsequently, most of these genes were downregulated to 0.9- to 2.8-fold, except LBR, which was again upregulated to 44.4-fold at 10 DAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Bairwa
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Bemloe, 171001, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Salej Sood
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Bemloe, 171001, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India.
| | - Vinay Bhardwaj
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Bemloe, 171001, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India.
| | - Shashi Rawat
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Bemloe, 171001, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Tamanna Tamanna
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Bemloe, 171001, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sundaresha Siddappa
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Bemloe, 171001, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - E P Venkatasalam
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Station, Muthorai, 643004, The Nilgiris, Udhagamandalam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bhawna Dipta
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Bemloe, 171001, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ashwani K Sharma
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Bemloe, 171001, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Bemloe, 171001, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Baljeet Singh
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Bemloe, 171001, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Priyank H Mhatre
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Station, Muthorai, 643004, The Nilgiris, Udhagamandalam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sanjeev Sharma
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Bemloe, 171001, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Bemloe, 171001, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Pandey K, Karthik K, Singh SK, Vinod, Sreevathsa R, Srivastav M. Amenability of an Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated shoot apical meristem-targeted in planta transformation strategy in Mango ( Mangifera indica L.). GM CROPS & FOOD 2022; 13:342-354. [DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2022.2141014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Pandey
- Division of Fruits and Horticultural Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Kesiraju Karthik
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Lal Bahadur Shastri Building, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Singh
- Division of Fruits and Horticultural Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Vinod
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Rohini Sreevathsa
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Lal Bahadur Shastri Building, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Manish Srivastav
- Division of Fruits and Horticultural Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Sedaghati B, Haddad R, Bandehpour M. Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) as a novel green-bioreactor for expression of human serum albumin (HSA) gene. Transgenic Res 2022; 31:369-380. [DOI: 10.1007/s11248-022-00296-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lisei-de-Sá ME, Rodrigues-Silva PL, Morgante CV, de Melo BP, Lourenço-Tessutti IT, Arraes FBM, Sousa JPA, Galbieri R, Amorim RMS, de Lins CBJ, Macedo LLP, Moreira VJ, Ferreira GF, Ribeiro TP, Fragoso RR, Silva MCM, de Almeida-Engler J, Grossi-de-Sa MF. Pyramiding dsRNAs increases phytonematode tolerance in cotton plants. PLANTA 2021; 254:121. [PMID: 34779907 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03776-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Host-derived suppression of nematode essential genes decreases reproduction of Meloidogyne incognita in cotton. Root-knot nematodes (RKN) represent one of the most damaging plant-parasitic nematode genera worldwide. RNAi-mediated suppression of essential nematode genes provides a novel biotechnological strategy for the development of sustainable pest-control methods. Here, we used a Host Induced Gene Silencing (HIGS) approach by stacking dsRNA sequences into a T-DNA construct to target three essential RKN genes: cysteine protease (Mi-cpl), isocitrate lyase (Mi-icl), and splicing factor (Mi-sf), called dsMinc1, driven by the pUceS8.3 constitutive soybean promoter. Transgenic dsMinc1-T4 plants infected with Meloidogyne incognita showed a significant reduction in gall formation (57-64%) and egg masses production (58-67%), as well as in the estimated reproduction factor (60-78%), compared with the susceptible non-transgenic cultivar. Galls of the RNAi lines are smaller than the wild-type (WT) plants, whose root systems exhibited multiple well-developed root swellings. Transcript levels of the three RKN-targeted genes decreased 13- to 40-fold in nematodes from transgenic cotton galls, compared with those from control WT galls. Finally, the development of non-feeding males in transgenic plants was 2-6 times higher than in WT plants, indicating a stressful environment for nematode development after RKN gene silencing. Data strongly support that HIGS of essential RKN genes is an effective strategy to improve cotton plant tolerance. This study presents the first application of dsRNA sequences to target multiple genes to promote M. incognita tolerance in cotton without phenotypic penalty in transgenic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Lisei-de-Sá
- Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciência E Tecnologia-INCT PlantStress Biotech-EMBRAPA, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Paolo L Rodrigues-Silva
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
- Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Carolina V Morgante
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
- Embrapa Semi-Árido, Pretrolina, PE, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciência E Tecnologia-INCT PlantStress Biotech-EMBRAPA, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Bruno Paes de Melo
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciência E Tecnologia-INCT PlantStress Biotech-EMBRAPA, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Isabela T Lourenço-Tessutti
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciência E Tecnologia-INCT PlantStress Biotech-EMBRAPA, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Fabricio B M Arraes
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciência E Tecnologia-INCT PlantStress Biotech-EMBRAPA, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - João P A Sousa
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
- Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Rafael Galbieri
- Instituto Matogrossense Do Algodão, Rondonopolis, MT, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciência E Tecnologia-INCT PlantStress Biotech-EMBRAPA, Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Leonardo L P Macedo
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciência E Tecnologia-INCT PlantStress Biotech-EMBRAPA, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Valdeir J Moreira
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Thuanne P Ribeiro
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciência E Tecnologia-INCT PlantStress Biotech-EMBRAPA, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo R Fragoso
- Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina, DF, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciência E Tecnologia-INCT PlantStress Biotech-EMBRAPA, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Maria C M Silva
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciência E Tecnologia-INCT PlantStress Biotech-EMBRAPA, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Janice de Almeida-Engler
- UMR Institut Sophia Agrobiotech INRA/CNRS/UNS, Sophia Antipolis, France
- Instituto de Ciência E Tecnologia-INCT PlantStress Biotech-EMBRAPA, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Maria F Grossi-de-Sa
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasilia, DF, Brazil.
- Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasilia, DF, Brazil.
- Instituto de Ciência E Tecnologia-INCT PlantStress Biotech-EMBRAPA, Brasilia, Brazil.
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Wang X, Zhao J, Fang Q, Chang X, Sun M, Li W, Li Y. GmAKT1 is involved in K + uptake and Na +/K + homeostasis in Arabidopsis and soybean plants. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 304:110736. [PMID: 33568288 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant roots absorb K+ from soil via K+ channels and transporters, which are important for stress responses. In this research, GmAKT1, an AKT1-type K+ channel, was isolated and characterized. The expression of GmAKT1 was induced by K+-starvation and salinity stresses, and it was preferentially expressed in the soybean roots. And GmAKT1 was located in the plasma membrane. As an inward K+ channel, GmAKT1 participated in K+ uptake, as well as rescued the low-K+-sensitive phenotype of the yeast mutant and Arabidopsis akt1 mutant. Overexpression of GmAKT1 significantly improved the growth of plants and increased K+ concentration, leading to lower Na+/K+ ratios in transgenic Arabidopsis and chimeric soybean plants with transgenic hairy roots. In addition, GmAKT1 overexpression resulted in significant upregulation of these ion uptake-related genes, including GmSKOR, GmsSOS1, GmHKT1, and GmNHX1. Our findings suggested that GmAKT1 plays an important part in K+ uptake under low-K+ condition, and could maintain Na+/K+ homeostasis under salt stress in Arabidopsis and soybean plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Education Ministry (Northeastern Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Genetics and Breeding in Chinese Ministry of Agriculture), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jialiang Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Education Ministry (Northeastern Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Genetics and Breeding in Chinese Ministry of Agriculture), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Qingwei Fang
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Education Ministry (Northeastern Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Genetics and Breeding in Chinese Ministry of Agriculture), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xingchao Chang
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Education Ministry (Northeastern Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Genetics and Breeding in Chinese Ministry of Agriculture), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Mingyang Sun
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Education Ministry (Northeastern Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Genetics and Breeding in Chinese Ministry of Agriculture), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenbin Li
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Education Ministry (Northeastern Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Genetics and Breeding in Chinese Ministry of Agriculture), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Yongguang Li
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Education Ministry (Northeastern Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Genetics and Breeding in Chinese Ministry of Agriculture), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
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6
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Ochola J, Coyne D, Cortada L, Haukeland S, Ng'ang'a M, Hassanali A, Opperman C, Torto B. Cyst nematode bio-communication with plants: implications for novel management approaches. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:1150-1159. [PMID: 32985781 PMCID: PMC7894489 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Bio-communication occurs when living organisms interact with each other, facilitated by the exchange of signals including visual, auditory, tactile and chemical. The most common form of bio-communication between organisms is mediated by chemical signals, commonly referred to as 'semiochemicals', and it involves an emitter releasing the chemical signal that is detected by a receiver leading to a phenotypic response in the latter organism. The quality and quantity of the chemical signal released may be influenced by abiotic and biotic factors. Bio-communication has been reported to occur in both above- and below-ground interactions and it can be exploited for the management of pests, such as cyst nematodes, which are pervasive soil-borne pests that cause significant crop production losses worldwide. Cyst nematode hatching and successful infection of hosts are biological processes that are largely influenced by semiochemicals including hatching stimulators, hatching inhibitors, attractants and repellents. These semiochemicals can be used to disrupt interactions between host plants and cyst nematodes. Advances in RNAi techniques such as host-induced gene silencing to interfere with cyst nematode hatching and host location can also be exploited for development of synthetic resistant host cultivars. © 2020 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliet Ochola
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and EcologyNairobiKenya
- Chemistry DepartmentKenyatta UniversityNairobiKenya
| | - Danny Coyne
- East Africa, International Institute of Tropical AgricultureNairobiKenya
- Department of Biology, Section NematologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Laura Cortada
- East Africa, International Institute of Tropical AgricultureNairobiKenya
- Department of Biology, Section NematologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Solveig Haukeland
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and EcologyNairobiKenya
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy ResearchÅsNorway
| | | | | | - Charles Opperman
- Department of Entomology and Plant PathologyNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
| | - Baldwyn Torto
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and EcologyNairobiKenya
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Tian B, Li J, Vodkin LO, Todd TC, Finer JJ, Trick HN. Host-derived gene silencing of parasite fitness genes improves resistance to soybean cyst nematodes in stable transgenic soybean. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2019; 132:2651-2662. [PMID: 31230117 PMCID: PMC6707959 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-019-03379-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Soybean expressing small interfering RNA of SCN improved plant resistance to SCN consistently, and small RNA-seq analysis revealed a threshold of siRNA expression required for resistance ability. Soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines, is one of the most destructive pests limiting soybean production worldwide, with estimated losses of $1 billion dollars annually in the USA alone. RNA interference (RNAi) has become a powerful tool for silencing gene expression. We report here that the expression of hairpin RNAi constructs, derived from two SCN genes related to reproduction and fitness, HgY25 and HgPrp17, enhances resistance to SCN in stably transformed soybean plants. The analyses of T3 to T5 generations of stable transgenic soybeans by molecular strategies and next-generation sequencing confirmed the presence of specific short interfering RNAs complementary to the target SCN genes. Bioassays performed on transgenic soybean lines targeting SCN HgY25 and HgPrp17 fitness genes showed significant reductions (up to 73%) for eggs/g root in the T3 and T4 homozygous transgenic lines. Targeted mRNAs of SCN eggs collected from the transgenic soybean lines were efficiently down-regulated, as confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR. Based on the small RNA-seq data and bioassays, it is our hypothesis that a threshold of small interfering RNA molecules is required to significantly reduce SCN populations feeding on the host plants. Our results demonstrated that host-derived gene silencing of essential SCN fitness genes could be an effective strategy for enhancing resistance in crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Tian
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, 1712 Claflin Road, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Jiarui Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, 1712 Claflin Road, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
- Innatrix Inc, 6 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Lila O Vodkin
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, 1201 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Timothy C Todd
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, 1712 Claflin Road, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - John J Finer
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, OARDC, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA
| | - Harold N Trick
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, 1712 Claflin Road, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA.
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Blyuss KB, Fatehi F, Tsygankova VA, Biliavska LO, Iutynska GO, Yemets AI, Blume YB. RNAi-Based Biocontrol of Wheat Nematodes Using Natural Poly-Component Biostimulants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:483. [PMID: 31057585 PMCID: PMC6479188 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
With the growing global demands on sustainable food production, one of the biggest challenges to agriculture is associated with crop losses due to parasitic nematodes. While chemical pesticides have been quite successful in crop protection and mitigation of damage from parasites, their potential harm to humans and environment, as well as the emergence of nematode resistance, have necessitated the development of viable alternatives to chemical pesticides. One of the most promising and targeted approaches to biocontrol of parasitic nematodes in crops is that of RNA interference (RNAi). In this study we explore the possibility of using biostimulants obtained from metabolites of soil streptomycetes to protect wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) against the cereal cyst nematode Heterodera avenae by means of inducing RNAi in wheat plants. Theoretical models of uptake of organic compounds by plants, and within-plant RNAi dynamics, have provided us with useful insights regarding the choice of routes for delivery of RNAi-inducing biostimulants into plants. We then conducted in planta experiments with several streptomycete-derived biostimulants, which have demonstrated the efficiency of these biostimulants at improving plant growth and development, as well as in providing resistance against the cereal cyst nematode. Using dot blot hybridization we demonstrate that biostimulants trigger a significant increase of the production in plant cells of si/miRNA complementary with plant and nematode mRNA. Wheat germ cell-free experiments show that these si/miRNAs are indeed very effective at silencing the translation of nematode mRNA having complementary sequences, thus reducing the level of nematode infestation and improving plant resistance to nematodes. Thus, we conclude that natural biostimulants produced from metabolites of soil streptomycetes provide an effective tool for biocontrol of wheat nematode.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farzad Fatehi
- Department of Mathematics, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria A. Tsygankova
- Department of Chemistry of Bioactive Nitrogen-Containing Heterocyclic Compounds, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Liudmyla O. Biliavska
- Department of General and Soil Microbiology, Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Galyna O. Iutynska
- Department of General and Soil Microbiology, Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Alla I. Yemets
- Department of Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Yaroslav B. Blume
- Department of Genomics and Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
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Gosal SS, Wani SH. RNAi for Resistance Against Biotic Stresses in Crop Plants. BIOTECHNOLOGIES OF CROP IMPROVEMENT, VOLUME 2 2018. [PMCID: PMC7123769 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-90650-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi)-based gene silencing has become one of the most successful strategies in not only identifying gene function but also in improving agronomical traits of crops by silencing genes of different pathogens/pests and also plant genes for improvement of desired trait. The conserved nature of RNAi pathway across different organisms increases its applicability in various basic and applied fields. Here we attempt to summarize the knowledge generated on the fundamental mechanisms of RNAi over the years, with emphasis on insects and plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs). This chapter also reviews the rich history of RNAi research, gene regulation by small RNAs across different organisms, and application potential of RNAi for generating transgenic plants resistant to major pests. But, there are some limitations too which restrict wider applications of this technology to its full potential. Further refinement of this technology in terms of resolving these shortcomings constitutes one of the thrust areas in present RNAi research. Nevertheless, its application especially in breeding agricultural crops resistant against biotic stresses will certainly offer the possible solutions for some of the breeding objectives which are otherwise unattainable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satbir Singh Gosal
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab India
| | - Shabir Hussain Wani
- Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, Khudwani, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir India
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Gou J, Debnath S, Sun L, Flanagan A, Tang Y, Jiang Q, Wen J, Wang Z. From model to crop: functional characterization of SPL8 in M. truncatula led to genetic improvement of biomass yield and abiotic stress tolerance in alfalfa. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2018; 16:951-962. [PMID: 28941083 PMCID: PMC5866946 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Biomass yield, salt tolerance and drought tolerance are important targets for alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) improvement. Medicago truncatula has been developed into a model plant for alfalfa and other legumes. By screening a Tnt1 retrotransposon-tagged M. truncatula mutant population, we identified three mutants with enhanced branching. Branch development determines shoot architecture which affects important plant functions such as light acquisition, resource use and ultimately impacts biomass production. Molecular analyses revealed that the mutations were caused by Tnt1 insertions in the SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE 8 (SPL8) gene. The M. truncatula spl8 mutants had increased biomass yield, while overexpression of SPL8 in M. truncatula suppressed branching and reduced biomass yield. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that SPL8 inhibited branching by directly suppressing axillary bud formation. Based on the M. truncatula SPL8 sequence, alfalfa SPL8 (MsSPL8) was cloned and transgenic alfalfa plants were produced. MsSPL8 down-regulated or up-regulated alfalfa plants exhibited similar phenotypes to the M. truncatula mutants or overexpression lines, respectively. Specifically, the MsSPL8 down-regulated alfalfa plants showed up to 43% increase in biomass yield in the first harvest. The impact was even more prominent in the second harvest, with up to 86% increase in biomass production compared to the control. Furthermore, down-regulation of MsSPL8 led to enhanced salt and drought tolerance in transgenic alfalfa. Results from this research offer a valuable approach to simultaneously improve biomass production and abiotic stress tolerance in legumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiqing Gou
- Noble Research InstituteArdmoreOKUSA
- BioEnergy Science Center (BESC)Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
| | | | - Liang Sun
- Noble Research InstituteArdmoreOKUSA
| | - Amy Flanagan
- Noble Research InstituteArdmoreOKUSA
- BioEnergy Science Center (BESC)Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
| | - Yuhong Tang
- Noble Research InstituteArdmoreOKUSA
- BioEnergy Science Center (BESC)Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
| | | | | | - Zeng‐Yu Wang
- Noble Research InstituteArdmoreOKUSA
- BioEnergy Science Center (BESC)Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
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Ho-Plágaro T, Huertas R, Tamayo-Navarrete MI, Ocampo JA, García-Garrido JM. An improved method for Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation of tomato suitable for the study of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. PLANT METHODS 2018; 14:34. [PMID: 29760765 PMCID: PMC5941616 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-018-0304-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solanum lycopersicum, an economically important crop grown worldwide, has been used as a model for the study of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis in non-legume plants for several years and several cDNA array hybridization studies have revealed specific transcriptomic profiles of mycorrhizal tomato roots. However, a method to easily screen candidate genes which could play an important role during tomato mycorrhization is required. RESULTS We have developed an optimized procedure for composite tomato plant obtaining achieved through Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation. This protocol involves the unusual in vitro culture of composite plants between two filter papers placed on the culture media. In addition, we show that DsRed is an appropriate molecular marker for the precise selection of cotransformed tomato hairy roots. S. lycopersicum composite plant hairy roots appear to be colonized by the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis in a manner similar to that of normal roots, and a modified construct useful for localizing the expression of promoters putatively associated with mycorrhization was developed and tested. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we present an easy, fast and low-cost procedure to study AM symbiosis in tomato roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Ho-Plágaro
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ), CSIC, Calle Profesor Albareda n◦1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Raúl Huertas
- Noble Research Institute LLC, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA
| | - María I. Tamayo-Navarrete
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ), CSIC, Calle Profesor Albareda n◦1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan A. Ocampo
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ), CSIC, Calle Profesor Albareda n◦1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - José M. García-Garrido
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ), CSIC, Calle Profesor Albareda n◦1, 18008 Granada, Spain
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12
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Wu N, Wang PW, Lin N, Lu S, Feng YQ, Rong J, Zhang Z, Qu J. Construction of a chalcone reductase expression vector and transformation of soybean plants. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:6178-6183. [PMID: 28901382 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to clone the soybean chalcone reductase 3 (CHR3) and create a recombinant expression vector pCAMBIA3300‑CHR3 containing Bar resistance gene as a selection marker, and then obtain transgenic soybean plants using Agrobacterium infection. The plant expression vector pCAMBIA3300‑CHR3 was transferred into soybean receptor plants, Jinong 17 and Jilin 30. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blotting were used to confirm the positive transgenic plants. Additionally, reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR (RT‑qPCR) was used to detect CHR3 expression and isoliquiritigenin content was measured using high‑performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in the transgenic offspring. Soybean CHR3 (932 bp fragment) was successfully cloned into the plant expression vector pCAMBIA3300‑CHR3, which was subsequently transferred into soybean receptor plants. In the T1 generation positive plants were validated by PCR analysis, including eight Jinong 17 and five Jilin 30 transgenic plants; Southern blotting demonstrated that the functional components of the pCAMBIA3300‑CHR3 vector had been integrated into the soybean genome; RT‑qPCR results demonstrated that the expression of CHR3 mRNA was increased by 2 to 20‑fold in the transgenic plants compared with the non‑transgenic soybean plants. Furthermore, the isoliquiritigenin content was increased by 8.56% in the transgenic Jinong 17, compared with control plants, as detected by HPLC. The CHR3 gene can produce isoliquiritigenin, a precursor of daidzein, which in turn can improve the ability of soybean to resist phytophthora root rot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wu
- Plant Biotechnology Center, Agronomy Courtyard, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, P.R. China
| | - Pi-Wu Wang
- Plant Biotechnology Center, Agronomy Courtyard, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, P.R. China
| | - Nan Lin
- Plant Biotechnology Center, Agronomy Courtyard, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, P.R. China
| | - Shi Lu
- Plant Biotechnology Center, Agronomy Courtyard, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Qi Feng
- Plant Biotechnology Center, Agronomy Courtyard, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, P.R. China
| | - Jie Rong
- Plant Biotechnology Center, Agronomy Courtyard, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Plant Biotechnology Center, Agronomy Courtyard, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, P.R. China
| | - Jing Qu
- Plant Biotechnology Center, Agronomy Courtyard, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, P.R. China
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13
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Banerjee S, Banerjee A, Gill SS, Gupta OP, Dahuja A, Jain PK, Sirohi A. RNA Interference: A Novel Source of Resistance to Combat Plant Parasitic Nematodes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:834. [PMID: 28580003 PMCID: PMC5437379 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant parasitic nematodes cause severe damage and yield loss in major crops all over the world. Available control strategies include use of insecticides/nematicides but these have proved detrimental to the environment, while other strategies like crop rotation and resistant cultivars have serious limitations. This scenario provides an opportunity for the utilization of technological advances like RNA interference (RNAi) to engineer resistance against these devastating parasites. First demonstrated in the model free living nematode, Caenorhabtidis elegans; the phenomenon of RNAi has been successfully used to suppress essential genes of plant parasitic nematodes involved in parasitism, nematode development and mRNA metabolism. Synthetic neurotransmitants mixed with dsRNA solutions are used for in vitro RNAi in plant parasitic nematodes with significant success. However, host delivered in planta RNAi has proved to be a pioneering phenomenon to deliver dsRNAs to feeding nematodes and silence the target genes to achieve resistance. Highly enriched genomic databases are exploited to limit off target effects and ensure sequence specific silencing. Technological advances like gene stacking and use of nematode inducible and tissue specific promoters can further enhance the utility of RNAi based transgenics against plant parasitic nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Banerjee
- Division of Nematology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR)New Delhi, India
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand UniversityRohtak, India
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR)New Delhi, India
| | - Anamika Banerjee
- Division of Nematology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR)New Delhi, India
| | | | - Om P. Gupta
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR)New Delhi, India
| | - Anil Dahuja
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR)New Delhi, India
| | - Pradeep K. Jain
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology (ICAR)New Delhi, India
| | - Anil Sirohi
- Division of Nematology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR)New Delhi, India
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14
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Tian B, Li J, Oakley TR, Todd TC, Trick HN. Host-Derived Artificial MicroRNA as an Alternative Method to Improve Soybean Resistance to Soybean Cyst Nematode. Genes (Basel) 2016; 7:E122. [PMID: 27941644 PMCID: PMC5192498 DOI: 10.3390/genes7120122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines, is one of the most important pests limiting soybean production worldwide. Novel approaches to managing this pest have focused on gene silencing of target nematode sequences using RNA interference (RNAi). With the discovery of endogenous microRNAs as a mode of gene regulation in plants, artificial microRNA (amiRNA) methods have become an alternative method for gene silencing, with the advantage that they can lead to more specific silencing of target genes than traditional RNAi vectors. To explore the application of amiRNAs for improving soybean resistance to SCN, three nematode genes (designated as J15, J20, and J23) were targeted using amiRNA vectors. The transgenic soybean hairy roots, transformed independently with these three amiRNA vectors, showed significant reductions in SCN population densities in bioassays. Expression of the targeted genes within SCN eggs were downregulated in populations feeding on transgenic hairy roots. Our results provide evidence that host-derived amiRNA methods have great potential to improve soybean resistance to SCN. This approach should also limit undesirable phenotypes associated with off-target effects, which is an important consideration for commercialization of transgenic crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Tian
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
| | - Jiarui Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
- Bayer CropScience, 3500 Paramount Pkwy, Morrisville, NC 27560, USA.
| | - Thomas R Oakley
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
| | - Timothy C Todd
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
| | - Harold N Trick
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
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15
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Rehman S, Gupta VK, Goyal AK. Identification and functional analysis of secreted effectors from phytoparasitic nematodes. BMC Microbiol 2016; 16:48. [PMID: 27001199 PMCID: PMC4802876 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-016-0632-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant parasitic nematodes develop an intimate and long-term feeding relationship with their host plants. They induce a multi-nucleate feeding site close to the vascular bundle in the roots of their host plant and remain sessile for the rest of their life. Nematode secretions, produced in the oesophageal glands and secreted through a hollow stylet into the host plant cytoplasm, are believed to play key role in pathogenesis. To combat these persistent pathogens, the identity and functional analysis of secreted effectors can serve as a key to devise durable control measures. In this review, we will recapitulate the knowledge over the identification and functional characterization of secreted nematode effector repertoire from phytoparasitic nematodes. RESEARCH Despite considerable efforts, the identity of genes encoding nematode secreted proteins has long been severely hampered because of their microscopic size, long generation time and obligate biotrophic nature. The methodologies such as bioinformatics, protein structure modeling, in situ hybridization microscopy, and protein-protein interaction have been used to identify and to attribute functions to the effectors. In addition, RNA interference (RNAi) has been instrumental to decipher the role of the genes encoding secreted effectors necessary for parasitism and genes attributed to normal development. Recent comparative and functional genomic approaches have accelerated the identification of effectors from phytoparasitic nematodes and offers opportunities to control these pathogens. CONCLUSION Plant parasitic nematodes pose a serious threat to global food security of various economically important crops. There is a wealth of genomic and transcriptomic information available on plant parasitic nematodes and comparative genomics has identified many effectors. Bioengineering crops with dsRNA of phytonematode genes can disrupt the life cycle of parasitic nematodes and therefore holds great promise to develop resistant crops against plant-parasitic nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Rehman
- />International Center for Agriculture Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat-Instituts-Morocco, P.O.Box 6299, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Vijai K. Gupta
- />National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Aakash K. Goyal
- />International Center for Agriculture Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat-Instituts-Morocco, P.O.Box 6299, Rabat, Morocco
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16
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Akhgari A, Yrjönen T, Laakso I, Vuorela H, Oksman-Caldentey KM, Rischer H. Establishment of transgenic Rhazya stricta hairy roots to modulate terpenoid indole alkaloid production. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2015; 34:1939-1952. [PMID: 26245531 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-015-1841-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic hairy roots of R. stricta were developed for investigation of alkaloid accumulations. The contents of five identified alkaloids, including serpentine as a new compound, increased compared to non-transformed roots. Rhazya stricta Decne. is a rich source of pharmacologically active terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs). In order to study TIA production and enable metabolic engineering, we established hairy root cultures of R. stricta by co-cultivating cotyledon, hypocotyl, leaf, and shoot explants with wild-type Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain LBA 9402 and A. rhizogenes carrying the pK2WG7-gusA binary vector. Hairy roots initiated from the leaf explants 2 to 8 weeks. Transformation was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and in case of GUS clones with GUS staining assay. Transformation efficiency was 74 and 83% for wild-type and GUS hairy root clones, respectively. Alkaloid accumulation was monitored by HPLC, and identification was achieved by UPLC-MS analysis. The influence of light (16 h photoperiod versus total darkness) and media composition (modified Gamborg B5 medium versus Woody Plant Medium) on the production of TIAs were investigated. Compared to non-transformed roots, wild-type hairy roots accumulated significantly higher amounts of five alkaloids. GUS hairy roots contained higher amounts two of alkaloids compared to non-transformed roots. Light conditions had a marked effect on the accumulation of five alkaloids whereas the composition of media only affected the accumulation of two alkaloids. By successfully establishing R. stricta hairy root clones, the potential of transgenic hairy root systems in modulating TIA production was confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Akhgari
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Tietotie 2, P.O. Box 1000, 02044, Espoo, Finland
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teijo Yrjönen
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Into Laakso
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Vuorela
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Heiko Rischer
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Tietotie 2, P.O. Box 1000, 02044, Espoo, Finland.
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17
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Kuma KM, Lopes-Caitar VS, Romero CCT, Silva SMH, Kuwahara MK, Carvalho MCCG, Abdelnoor RV, Dias WP, Marcelino-Guimarães FC. A high efficient protocol for soybean root transformation by Agrobacterium rhizogenes and most stable reference genes for RT-qPCR analysis. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2015; 34:1987-2000. [PMID: 26232349 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-015-1845-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE A 55% transformation efficiency was obtained by our optimized protocol; and we showed that GmELF1 - β and GmELF1 - α are the most stable reference genes for expression analyses under this specific condition. Gene functional analyses are essential to the validation of results obtained from in silico and/or gene-prospecting studies. Genetic transformation methods that yield tissues of transient expression quickly have been of considerable interest to researchers. Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation methods, which are employed to generate plants with transformed roots, have proven useful for the study of stress caused by root phytopathogens via gene overexpression and/or silencing. While some protocols have been adapted to soybean plants, transformation efficiencies remain limited; thus, few viable plants are available for performing bioassays. Furthermore, mRNA analyses that employ reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reactions (RT-qPCR) require the use of reference genes with stable expression levels across different organs, development steps and treatments. In the present study, an A. rhizogenes-mediated soybean root transformation approach was optimized. The method delivers significantly higher transformation efficiency levels and rates of transformed plant recovery, thus enhancing studies of soybean abiotic conditions or interactions between phytopathogens, such as nematodes. A 55% transformation efficiency was obtained following the addition of an acclimation step that involves hydroponics and different selection processes. The present study also validated the reference genes GmELF1-β and GmELF1-α as the most stable to be used in RT-qPCR analysis in composite plants, mainly under nematode infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Kuma
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária-EMBRAPA Soybean), Londrina, Brazil
| | - V S Lopes-Caitar
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Department, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária-EMBRAPA Soybean), Londrina, Brazil
| | - C C T Romero
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária-EMBRAPA Soybean), Londrina, Brazil
| | - S M H Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária-EMBRAPA Soybean), Londrina, Brazil
| | - M K Kuwahara
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária-EMBRAPA Soybean), Londrina, Brazil
| | | | - R V Abdelnoor
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária-EMBRAPA Soybean), Londrina, Brazil
| | - W P Dias
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária-EMBRAPA Soybean), Londrina, Brazil
| | - F C Marcelino-Guimarães
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária-EMBRAPA Soybean), Londrina, Brazil.
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18
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Vieira P, Wantoch S, Lilley CJ, Chitwood DJ, Atkinson HJ, Kamo K. Expression of a cystatin transgene can confer resistance to root lesion nematodes in Lilium longiflorum cv. 'Nellie White'. Transgenic Res 2015; 24:421-32. [PMID: 25398618 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-014-9848-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Lilium longiflorum cv. 'Nellie White' assumes a great economic importance as cut flowers, being one of the most valuable species (annual pot plants value above $20,000,000) in terms of wholesales in the US. The root lesion nematode Pratylenchus penetrans (RLN) constitutes one of the main pests for lily producers due to the significant root damage it causes. Our efforts have focused on the generation of soybean hairy roots (as a transient test model) and stable transgenic lilies overexpressing a modified rice cystatin (Oc-IΔD86) transgene and challenged with root lesion nematodes. Lily transformation was achieved by gene gun co-bombardment using both a pBluescript-based vector containing the cystatin gene and pDM307 that contains a bar gene for phosphinothricin selection. Both soybean hairy roots and lilies overexpressing the OcIΔD86 transgene exhibited enhanced resistance to RLN infection by means of nematode reduction up to 75 ± 5% on the total number of nematodes. In addition, lily plants overexpressing OcIΔD86 displayed an increase of plant mass and better growth performance in comparison to wild-type plants, thereby demonstrating an alternative strategy for increasing the yield and reducing nematode damage to this important floral crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Vieira
- Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, U.S. National Arboretum, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) ARS, BARC West, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Building 010A Room 126, Beltsville, MD, 20705-2350, USA,
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19
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Dutta TK, Banakar P, Rao U. The status of RNAi-based transgenic research in plant nematology. Front Microbiol 2015; 5:760. [PMID: 25628609 PMCID: PMC4290618 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With the understanding of nematode-plant interactions at the molecular level, new avenues for engineering resistance have opened up, with RNA interference being one of them. Induction of RNAi by delivering double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) has been very successful in the model non-parasitic nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, while in plant nematodes, dsRNA delivery has been accomplished by soaking nematodes with dsRNA solution mixed with synthetic neurostimulants. The success of in vitro RNAi of target genes has inspired the use of in planta delivery of dsRNA to feeding nematodes. The most convincing success of host-delivered RNAi has been achieved against root-knot nematodes. Plant-mediated RNAi has been shown to lead to the specific down-regulation of target genes in invading nematodes, which had a profound effect on nematode development. RNAi-based transgenics are advantageous as they do not produce any functional foreign proteins and target organisms in a sequence-specific manner. Although the development of RNAi-based transgenics against plant nematodes is still in the preliminary stage, they offer novel management strategy for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar K. Dutta
- Division of Nematology, Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi, India
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20
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Li C, Zhang H, Wang X, Liao H. A comparison study of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation methods for root-specific promoter analysis in soybean. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2014; 33:1921-32. [PMID: 25097075 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-014-1669-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Both in vitro and in vivo hairy root transformation systems could not replace whole plant transformation for promoter analysis of root-specific and low-P induced genes in soybean. An efficient genetic transformation system is crucial for promoter analysis in plants. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation is the most popular method to produce transgenic hairy roots or plants. In the present study, first, we compared the two different Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated hairy root transformation methods using either constitutive CaMV35S or the promoters of root-preferential genes, GmEXPB2 and GmPAP21, in soybean, and found the efficiency of in vitro hairy root transformation was significantly higher than that of in vivo transformation. We compared Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated hairy root and Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated whole plant transformation systems. The results showed that low-phosphorous (P) inducible GmEXPB2 and GmPAP21 promoters could not induce the increased expression of the GUS reporter gene under low P stress in both in vivo and in vitro transgenic hairy roots. Conversely, GUS activity of GmPAP21 promoter was significantly higher at low P than high P in whole plant transformation. Therefore, both in vitro and in vivo hairy root transformation systems could not replace whole plant transformation for promoter analysis of root-specific and low-P induced genes in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caifeng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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21
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Abstract
Secreted effectors represent the molecular interface between the nematode and its host plant. Studies that aimed at deciphering molecular plant-nematode interactions are hampered by technical hurdles that prevent the generation of transgenic nematodes. However, RNA interference (RNAi) has proven to be a valuable tool to specifically knock-down nematode effector genes, both ex planta and in planta. Plant-mediated RNAi of nematode genes not only facilitates functional characterization of effectors but also lends itself to a novel control strategy against plant-parasitic nematodes. Here, we describe currently used methods to silence genes in plant-parasitic cyst and root-knot nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel A Elling
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA,
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22
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Antonino de Souza Júnior JD, Ramos Coelho R, Tristan Lourenço I, da Rocha Fragoso R, Barbosa Viana AA, Lima Pepino de Macedo L, Mattar da Silva MC, Gomes Carneiro RM, Engler G, de Almeida-Engler J, Grossi-de-Sa MF. Knocking-down Meloidogyne incognita proteases by plant-delivered dsRNA has negative pleiotropic effect on nematode vigor. PLoS One 2013; 8:e85364. [PMID: 24392004 PMCID: PMC3877404 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita causes serious damage and yield losses in numerous important crops worldwide. Analysis of the M. incognita genome revealed a vast number of proteases belonging to five different catalytic classes. Several reports indicate that M. incognita proteases could play important roles in nematode parasitism, besides their function in ordinary digestion of giant cell contents for feeding. The precise roles of these proteins during parasitism however are still unknown, making them interesting targets for gene silencing to address protein function. In this study we have knocked-down an aspartic (Mi-asp-1), a serine (Mi-ser-1) and a cysteine protease (Mi-cpl-1) by RNAi interference to get an insight into the function of these enzymes during a host/nematode interaction. Tobacco lines expressing dsRNA for Mi-ser-1 (dsSER), Mi-cpl-1 (dsCPL) and for the three genes together (dsFusion) were generated. Histological analysis of galls did not show clear differences in giant cell morphology. Interestingly, nematodes that infected plants expressing dsRNA for proteases produced a reduced number of eggs. In addition, nematode progeny matured in dsSER plants had reduced success in egg hatching, while progeny resulting from dsCPL and dsFusion plants were less successful to infect wild-type host plants. Quantitative PCR analysis confirmed a reduction in transcripts for Mi-cpl-1 and Mi-ser-1 proteases. Our results indicate that these proteases are possibly involved in different processes throughout nematode development, like nutrition, reproduction and embryogenesis. A better understanding of nematode proteases and their possible role during a plant-nematode interaction might help to develop new tools for phytonematode control.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Dijair Antonino de Souza Júnior
- Graduate Program in Biology Molecular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Roberta Ramos Coelho
- Graduate Program in Biology Molecular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Isabela Tristan Lourenço
- Graduate Program in Biology Molecular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | | | - Antonio Américo Barbosa Viana
- Graduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Gilbert Engler
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1355 ISA/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7254 ISA/Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, UMR ISA, Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - Janice de Almeida-Engler
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1355 ISA/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7254 ISA/Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, UMR ISA, Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - Maria Fatima Grossi-de-Sa
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
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23
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Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max) is one of the most important crops in legume family. Soybean and soybean-based products are also considered as popular food for human and animal husbandry. With its high oil content, soybean has become a potential resource for the production of renewable fuel. However, soybean is considered one of the most drought-sensitive crops, with approximately 40% reduction of the yield in the worst years. Recent research progresses in elucidation of biochemical, morphological and physiological responses as well as molecular mechanisms of plant adaptation to drought stress in model plants have provided a solid foundation for translational genomics of soybean toward drought tolerance. In this review, we will summarize the recent advances in development of drought-tolerant soybean cultivars by gene transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Phuong Thao
- International University, Vietnam National University-HCMC, St block 6, Linh Trung ward, Thu Duc district, HCM city, Vietnam
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24
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Homrich MS, Wiebke-Strohm B, Weber RLM, Bodanese-Zanettini MH. Soybean genetic transformation: A valuable tool for the functional study of genes and the production of agronomically improved plants. Genet Mol Biol 2012; 35:998-1010. [PMID: 23412849 PMCID: PMC3571417 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572012000600015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgenic plants represent an invaluable tool for molecular, genetic, biochemical and physiological studies by gene overexpression or silencing, transposon-based mutagenesis, protein sub-cellular localization and/or promoter characterization as well as a breakthrough for breeding programs, allowing the production of novel and genetically diverse genotypes. However, the stable transformation of soybean cannot yet be considered to be routine because it depends on the ability to combine efficient transformation and regeneration techniques. Two methods have been used with relative success to produce completely and stably transformed plants: particle bombardment and the Agrobacterium tumefaciens system. In addition, transformation by Agrobacterium rhizogenes has been used as a powerful tool for functional studies. Most available information on gene function is based on heterologous expression systems. However, as the activity of many promoters or proteins frequently depends on specific interactions that only occur in homologous backgrounds, a final confirmation based on a homologous expression system is desirable. With respect to soybean biotech improvement, transgenic lines with agronomical, nutritional and pharmaceutical traits have been obtained, including herbicide-tolerant soybeans, which represented the principal biotech crop in 2011, occupying 47% of the global biotech area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Schenkel Homrich
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Wiebke-Strohm
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Luís Mayer Weber
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Helena Bodanese-Zanettini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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25
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Wiśniewska A, Dąbrowska-Bronk J, Szafrański K, Fudali S, Święcicka M, Czarny M, Wilkowska A, Morgiewicz K, Matusiak J, Sobczak M, Filipecki M. Analysis of tomato gene promoters activated in syncytia induced in tomato and potato hairy roots by Globodera rostochiensis. Transgenic Res 2012; 22:557-69. [PMID: 23129482 PMCID: PMC3653032 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-012-9665-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The potato cyst nematode (Globodera rostochiensis) induces feeding sites (syncytia) in tomato and potato roots. In a previous study, 135 tomato genes up-regulated during G. rostochiensis migration and syncytium development were identified. Five genes (CYP97A29, DFR, FLS, NIK and PMEI) were chosen for further study to examine their roles in plant-nematode interactions. The promoters of these genes were isolated and potential cis regulatory elements in their sequences were characterized using bioinformatics tools. Promoter fusions with the β-glucuronidase gene were constructed and introduced into tomato and potato genomes via transformation with Agrobacterium rhizogenes to produce hairy roots. The analysed promoters displayed different activity patterns in nematode-infected and uninfected transgenic hairy roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wiśniewska
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
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26
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Lilley CJ, Davies LJ, Urwin PE. RNA interference in plant parasitic nematodes: a summary of the current status. Parasitology 2012; 139:630-40. [PMID: 22217302 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182011002071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYRNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as an invaluable gene-silencing tool for functional analysis in a wide variety of organisms, particularly the free-living model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. An increasing number of studies have now described its application to plant parasitic nematodes. Genes expressed in a range of cell types are silenced when nematodes take up double stranded RNA (dsRNA) or short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) that elicit a systemic RNAi response. Despite many successful reports, there is still poor understanding of the range of factors that influence optimal gene silencing. Recent in vitro studies have highlighted significant variations in the RNAi phenotype that can occur with different dsRNA concentrations, construct size and duration of soaking. Discrepancies in methodology thwart efforts to reliably compare the efficacy of RNAi between different nematodes or target tissues. Nevertheless, RNAi has become an established experimental tool for plant parasitic nematodes and also offers the prospect of being developed into a novel control strategy when delivered from transgenic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Lilley
- Centre for Plant Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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27
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Li J, Todd TC, Lee J, Trick HN. Biotechnological application of functional genomics towards plant-parasitic nematode control. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2011; 9:936-944. [PMID: 21362123 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2011.00601.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Plant-parasitic nematodes are primary biotic factors limiting the crop production. Current nematode control strategies include nematicides, crop rotation and resistant cultivars, but each has serious limitations. RNA interference (RNAi) represents a major breakthrough in the application of functional genomics for plant-parasitic nematode control. RNAi-induced suppression of numerous genes essential for nematode development, reproduction or parasitism has been demonstrated, highlighting the considerable potential for using this strategy to control damaging pest populations. In an effort to find more suitable and effective gene targets for silencing, researchers are employing functional genomics methodologies, including genome sequencing and transcriptome profiling. Microarrays have been used for studying the interactions between nematodes and plant roots and to measure both plants and nematodes transcripts. Furthermore, laser capture microdissection has been applied for the precise dissection of nematode feeding sites (syncytia) to allow the study of gene expression specifically in syncytia. In the near future, small RNA sequencing techniques will provide more direct information for elucidating small RNA regulatory mechanisms in plants and specific gene silencing using artificial microRNAs should further improve the potential of targeted gene silencing as a strategy for nematode management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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28
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Atkinson HJ, Lilley CJ, Urwin PE. Strategies for transgenic nematode control in developed and developing world crops. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2011; 23:251-6. [PMID: 21996368 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2011.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Revised: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Nematodes cause an estimated $118b annual losses to world crops and they are not readily controlled by pesticides or other control options. For many crops natural resistance genes are unavailable to plant breeders or progress by this approach is slow. Transgenic plants can provide nematode resistance for such crops. Two approaches have been field trialled that control a wide range of nematodes by either limiting use of their dietary protein uptake from the crop or by preventing root invasion without a direct lethality. In addition, RNA interference increasingly in tandem with genomic studies is providing a range of potential resistance traits that involve no novel protein production. Transgenic resistance can be delivered by tissue specific promoters to just root tissues where most economic nematodes invade and feed rather than the harvested yield. High efficacy and durability can be provided by stacking nematode resistance traits including any that natural resistance provides. The constraints to uptake centre on market acceptance and not the availability of appropriate biotechnology. The need to deploy nematode resistance is intensifying with loss of pesticides, an increased need to protect crop profit margins and in many developing world countries where nematodes severely damage both commodity and staple crops.
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29
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Hernandez-Garcia CM, Bouchard RA, Rushton PJ, Jones ML, Chen X, Timko MP, Finer JJ. High level transgenic expression of soybean (Glycine max) GmERF and Gmubi gene promoters isolated by a novel promoter analysis pipeline. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2010; 10:237. [PMID: 21050446 PMCID: PMC3095320 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-10-237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2010] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although numerous factors can influence gene expression, promoters are perhaps the most important component of the regulatory control process. Promoter regions are often defined as a region upstream of the transcriptional start. They contain regulatory elements that interact with regulatory proteins to modulate gene expression. Most genes possess their own unique promoter and large numbers of promoters are therefore available for study. Unfortunately, relatively few promoters have been isolated and characterized; particularly from soybean (Glycine max). RESULTS In this research, a bioinformatics approach was first performed to identify members of the Gmubi (G.max ubiquitin) and the GmERF (G. max Ethylene Response Factor) gene families of soybean. Ten Gmubi and ten GmERF promoters from selected genes were cloned upstream of the gfp gene and successfully characterized using rapid validation tools developed for both transient and stable expression. Quantification of promoter strength using transient expression in lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) cotyledonary tissue and stable expression in soybean hairy roots showed that the intensity of gfp gene expression was mostly conserved across the two expression systems. Seven of the ten Gmubi promoters yielded from 2- to 7-fold higher expression than a standard CaMV35S promoter while four of the ten GmERF promoters showed from 1.5- to 2.2-times higher GFP levels compared to the CaMV35S promoter. Quantification of GFP expression in stably-transformed hairy roots of soybean was variable among roots derived from different transformation events but consistent among secondary roots, derived from the same primary transformation events. Molecular analysis of hairy root events revealed a direct relationship between copy number and expression intensity; higher copy number events displayed higher GFP expression. CONCLUSION In this study, we present expression intensity data on 20 novel soybean promoters from two different gene families, ubiquitin and ERF. We also demonstrate the utility of lima bean cotyledons and soybean hairy roots for rapid promoter analyses and provide novel insights towards the utilization of these expression systems. The soybean promoters characterized here will be useful for production of transgenic soybean plants for both basic research and commercial plant improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M Hernandez-Garcia
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, OARDC/The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Ave., Wooster, OH 44691 USA
| | - Robert A Bouchard
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, OARDC/The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Ave., Wooster, OH 44691 USA
| | - Paul J Rushton
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007 USA
| | - Michelle L Jones
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, OARDC/The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Ave., Wooster, OH 44691 USA
| | - Xianfeng Chen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia Health Systems, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA
- USACE, Environmental Lab, ERDC, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA
| | - Michael P Timko
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA
| | - John J Finer
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, OARDC/The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Ave., Wooster, OH 44691 USA
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30
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Li J, Todd TC, Oakley TR, Lee J, Trick HN. Host-derived suppression of nematode reproductive and fitness genes decreases fecundity of Heterodera glycines Ichinohe. PLANTA 2010; 232:775-85. [PMID: 20582434 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-010-1209-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2010] [Accepted: 06/05/2010] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
To control Heterodera glycines Ichinohe (soybean cyst nematode) in Glycine max (L.) Merr. (soybean), we evaluated the use of producing transgenic soybean seedlings expressing small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) against specific H. glycines genes. Gene fragments of three genes related to nematode reproduction or fitness (Cpn-1, Y25 and Prp-17) were PCR-amplified using specific primers and independently cloned into the pANDA35HK RNAi vector using a Gateway cloning strategy. Soybean roots were transformed with these constructions using a composite plant system. Confirmation of transformation was attained by PCR and Southern blot analysis. Transgene expression was detected using reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and expression of siRNAs was confirmed in transgenic plants using northern blot analysis. Bioassays performed on transgenic composite plants expressing double-stranded RNA fragments of Cpn-1, Y25 and Prp-17 genes resulted in a 95, 81 and 79% reduction for eggs g(-1) root, respectively. Furthermore, we demonstrated a significant reduction in transcript levels of the Y25 and Prp-17 genes of the nematodes feeding on the transgenic roots via real-time RT-PCR whereas the expression of non-target genes were not affected. The results of this study demonstrate that over-expression of RNA interference constructs of nematode reproduction or fitness-related genes can effectively control H. glycines infection with levels of suppression comparable to conventional resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66502, USA
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