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Fei X, Huang X, Li Z, Li X, He C, Xiao S, Li Y, Zhang X, Deng X. Effect of marker-free transgenic Chlamydomonas on the control of Aedes mosquito population and on plankton. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:18. [PMID: 36653886 PMCID: PMC9847121 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05647-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than half of the world's population suffers from epidemic diseases that are spread by mosquitoes. The primary strategy used to stop the spread of mosquito-borne diseases is vector control. Interference RNA (RNAi) is a powerful tool for controlling insect populations and may be less susceptible to insect resistance than other strategies. However, public concerns have been raised because of the transfer of antibiotic resistance marker genes to environmental microorganisms after integration into the recipient genome, thus allowing the pathogen to acquire resistance. Therefore, in the present study, we modified the 3-hydroxykynurenine transaminase (3hkt) and hormone receptor 3 (hr3) RNAi vectors to remove antibiotic resistance marker genes and retain the expression cassette of the inverse repeat sequence of the 3hkt/hr3 target gene. This recombinant microalgal marker-free RNAi insecticide was subsequently added to the suburban water in a simulated-field trial to test its ability to control mosquito population. METHODS The expression cassette of the 3hkt/hr3 inverted repeat sequence and a DNA fragment of the argininosuccinate lyase gene without the ampicillin resistance gene were obtained using restriction enzyme digestion and recovery. After the cotransformation of Chlamydomonas, the recombinant algae was then employed to feed Aedes albopictus larvae. Ten and 300 larvae were used in small- and large-scale laboratory Ae.albopictus feeding trials, respectively. Simulated field trials were conducted using Meishe River water that was complemented with recombinant Chlamydomonas. Moreover, the impact of recombinant microalgae on phytoplankton and zooplankton in the released water was explored via high-throughput sequencing. RESULTS The marker-free RNAi-recombinant Chlamydomonas effectively silenced the 3hkt/hr3 target gene, resulting in the inhibition of Ae. albopictus development and also in the high rate of Ae. albopictus larvae mortality in the laboratory and simulated field trials. In addition, the results confirmed that the effect of recombinant Chlamydomonas on plankton in the released water was similar to that of the nontransgenic Chlamydomonas, which could reduce the abundance and species of plankton. CONCLUSIONS The marker-free RNAi-recombinant Chlamydomonas are highly lethal to the Ae. albopictus mosquito, and their effect on plankton in released water is similar to that of the nontransgenic algal strains, which reduces the abundance and species of plankton. Thus, marker-free recombinant Chlamydomonas can be used for mosquito biorational control and mosquito-borne disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Fei
- grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiaodan Huang
- grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Zhijie Li
- grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Xinghan Li
- grid.509158.0Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science and Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, China
| | - Changhao He
- grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Sha Xiao
- grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yajun Li
- grid.509158.0Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science and Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, China ,Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-Resources, Haikou, China
| | - Xiuxia Zhang
- grid.509158.0Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science and Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, China ,Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-Resources, Haikou, China
| | - Xiaodong Deng
- grid.509158.0Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science and Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, China ,Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-Resources, Haikou, China ,grid.453499.60000 0000 9835 1415Zhanjiang Experimental Station, CATAS, Zhanjiang, China
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Singh R, Kaur N, Praba UP, Kaur G, Tanin MJ, Kumar P, Neelam K, Sandhu JS, Vikal Y. A Prospective Review on Selectable Marker-Free Genome Engineered Rice: Past, Present and Future Scientific Realm. Front Genet 2022; 13:882836. [PMID: 35754795 PMCID: PMC9219106 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.882836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a staple food crop, rice has gained mainstream attention in genome engineering for its genetic improvement. Genome engineering technologies such as transgenic and genome editing have enabled the significant improvement of target traits in relation to various biotic and abiotic aspects as well as nutrition, for which genetic diversity is lacking. In comparison to conventional breeding, genome engineering techniques are more precise and less time-consuming. However, one of the major issues with biotech rice commercialization is the utilization of selectable marker genes (SMGs) in the vector construct, which when incorporated into the genome are considered to pose risks to human health, the environment, and biodiversity, and thus become a matter of regulation. Various conventional strategies (co-transformation, transposon, recombinase systems, and MAT-vector) have been used in rice to avoid or remove the SMG from the developed events. However, the major limitations of these methods are; time-consuming, leftover cryptic sequences in the genome, and there is variable frequency. In contrast to these methods, CRISPR/Cas9-based marker excision, marker-free targeted gene insertion, programmed self-elimination, and RNP-based delivery enable us to generate marker-free engineered rice plants precisely and in less time. Although the CRISPR/Cas9-based SMG-free approaches are in their early stages, further research and their utilization in rice could help to break the regulatory barrier in its commercialization. In the current review, we have discussed the limitations of traditional methods followed by advanced techniques. We have also proposed a hypothesis, “DNA-free marker-less transformation” to overcome the regulatory barriers posed by SMGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajveer Singh
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Navneet Kaur
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Umesh Preethi Praba
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Gurwinder Kaur
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Mohammad Jafar Tanin
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Kumari Neelam
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Jagdeep Singh Sandhu
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Yogesh Vikal
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
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Das A, Moin M, Sahu A, Kshattry M, Kirti PB, Barah P. Time-course transcriptome analysis identifies rewiring patterns of transcriptional regulatory networks in rice under Rhizoctonia solani infection. Gene X 2022; 828:146468. [PMID: 35390443 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sheath Blight (SB) disease in rice is caused by the infection from the fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani (R. solani). SB is one of the most severe rice diseases that can cause up to 50% yield losses in rice. Naturally occurring rice varieties resistant to SB have not been reported yet. We have performed a Time-Series RNA-Seq analysis on a widely cultivated rice variety BPT-5204 for identifying transcriptome level response signatures during R. solani infection at 1st, 2nd and 5th day post infection (dpi). In total, 428, 3225 and 1225 genes were differentially expressed in the treated rice plants on 1, 2 and 5 dpi, respectively. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis identified significant processes and pathways differentially altered in the rice plants during the fungal infection. Machine learning and network based integrative approach was used to construct rice Transcriptional Regulatory Networks (TRNs) for the three time points. TRN analysis identified SUB1B, MYB30 and CCA1 as important regulatory hub transcription factors in rice during R. solani infection. Jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, ethylene biogenesis and signaling were induced on infection. SAR was up regulated, while photosynthesis and carbon fixation processes were significantly down regulated. Involvement of MAPK, CYPs, peroxidase, PAL, chitinase genes were also observed in response to the fungal infection. The integrative analysis identified seven putative SB resistance genes differentially regulated in rice during R. solani infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Das
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Assam 784028, India
| | - Mazahar Moin
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad 500030, India
| | - Ankur Sahu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Assam 784028, India
| | - Mrinmoy Kshattry
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Assam 784028, India
| | | | - Pankaj Barah
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Assam 784028, India.
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Senapati M, Tiwari A, Sharma N, Chandra P, Bashyal BM, Ellur RK, Bhowmick PK, Bollinedi H, Vinod KK, Singh AK, Krishnan SG. Rhizoctonia solani Kühn Pathophysiology: Status and Prospects of Sheath Blight Disease Management in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:881116. [PMID: 35592572 PMCID: PMC9111526 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.881116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Sheath blight caused by necrotrophic fungus Rhizoctonia solani Kühn is one of the most serious diseases of rice. Use of high yielding semi dwarf cultivars with dense planting and high dose of nitrogenous fertilizers accentuates the incidence of sheath blight in rice. Its diverse host range and ability to remain dormant under unfavorable conditions make the pathogen more difficult to manage. As there are no sources of complete resistance, management through chemical control has been the most adopted method for sheath blight management. In this review, we provide an up-to-date comprehensive description of host-pathogen interactions, various control measures such as cultural, chemical, and biological as well as utilizing host plant resistance. The section on utilizing host plant resistance includes identification of resistant sources, mapping QTLs and their validation, identification of candidate gene(s) and their introgression through marker-assisted selection. Advances and prospects of sheath blight management through biotechnological approaches such as overexpression of genes and gene silencing for transgenic development against R. solani are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoranjan Senapati
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajit Tiwari
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Neha Sharma
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Priya Chandra
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Bishnu Maya Bashyal
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Ranjith Kumar Ellur
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Haritha Bollinedi
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - K. K. Vinod
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Singh
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - S. Gopala Krishnan
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Sharma A, Chouhan A, Bhatt T, Kaur A, Minhas AP. Selectable Markers to Marker-Free Selection in Rice. Mol Biotechnol 2022; 64:841-851. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00460-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Dormatey R, Sun C, Ali K, Fiaz S, Xu D, Calderón-Urrea A, Bi Z, Zhang J, Bai J. ptxD/Phi as alternative selectable marker system for genetic transformation for bio-safety concerns: a review. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11809. [PMID: 34395075 PMCID: PMC8323600 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic and herbicide resistance genes are the most common marker genes for plant transformation to improve crop yield and food quality. However, there is public concern about the use of resistance marker genes in food crops due to the risk of potential gene flow from transgenic plants to compatible weedy relatives, leading to the possible development of “superweeds” and antibiotic resistance. Several selectable marker genes such as aph, nptII, aaC3, aadA, pat, bar, epsp and gat, which have been synthesized to generate transgenic plants by genetic transformation, have shown some limitations. These marker genes, which confer antibiotic or herbicide resistance and are introduced into crops along with economically valuable genes, have three main problems: selective agents have negative effects on plant cell proliferation and differentiation, uncertainty about the environmental effects of many selectable marker genes, and difficulty in performing recurrent transformations with the same selectable marker to pyramid desired genes. Recently, a simple, novel, and affordable method was presented for plant cells to convert non-metabolizable phosphite (Phi) to an important phosphate (Pi) for developing cells by gene expression encoding a phosphite oxidoreductase (PTXD) enzyme. The ptxD gene, in combination with a selection medium containing Phi as the sole phosphorus (P) source, can serve as an effective and efficient system for selecting transformed cells. The selection system adds nutrients to transgenic plants without potential risks to the environment. The ptxD/Phi system has been shown to be a promising transgenic selection system with several advantages in cost and safety compared to other antibiotic-based selection systems. In this review, we have summarized the development of selection markers for genetic transformation and the potential use of the ptxD/Phi scheme as an alternative selection marker system to minimize the future use of antibiotic and herbicide marker genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Dormatey
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Landzhou, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Landzhou, China
| | - Kazim Ali
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Landzhou, China.,National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, National Agricultural Research Centre, Park Road, Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Sajid Fiaz
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Derong Xu
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Landzhou, China
| | - Alejandro Calderón-Urrea
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Mathematics, California State University, Fresno, CA, USA
| | - Zhenzhen Bi
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Landzhou, China
| | - Junlian Zhang
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Landzhou, China
| | - Jiangping Bai
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Landzhou, China
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Chen Y, Lange A, Vaghchhipawala Z, Ye X, Saltarikos A. Direct Germline Transformation of Cotton Meristem Explants With No Selection. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:575283. [PMID: 33072151 PMCID: PMC7543975 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.575283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Regeneration of transgenic plants without selectable markers can facilitate the development and commercialization of trait stacking products. A wide range of strategies have been developed to eliminate selectable markers to produce marker-free transgenic plants. The most widely used marker free approach is probably the Agrobacterium-based 2 T-DNA strategy where the gene-of-interest (GOI) and selectable marker gene are delivered from independent T-DNAs (Darbani et al., 2007). The selectable marker gene is segregated away from the GOI in subsequent generations. However, the efficiency of this 2 T-DNA system is much less than the traditional 1 T-DNA system due to the inefficiency of T-DNA co-transformation and high rate of con-integration between the GOI and selectable marker gene T-DNAs. In contrast, no selection transformation utilizes a single T-DNA carrying the GOI and thus eliminates the need to remove the selectable marker insert and potentially provides a viable alternative marker-free system. In this study, we reported the successful regeneration of transgenic cotton plants through Agrobacterium inoculation of seed meristem explants without the use of selective agents. Regeneration of putative transgenic plants were identified by GUS histo-chemical assay. The germline transmission of transgene to progeny was determined by segregation of pollen grains, immature embryos and T1 plants by GUS expression. The results were further confirmed by Southern analyses. The marker-free transformation frequency in this no selection system was similar to current meristem transformation system with selection (0.2%-0.7%). The strategy for further improvement of this system and its implication in improving cotton transformation pipeline and in developing transgene-free genome editing technology is discussed.
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Bashir MA, Silvestri C, Ahmad T, Hafiz IA, Abbasi NA, Manzoor A, Cristofori V, Rugini E. Osmotin: A Cationic Protein Leads to Improve Biotic and Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9080992. [PMID: 32759884 PMCID: PMC7464907 DOI: 10.3390/plants9080992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Research on biologically active compounds has been increased in order to improve plant protection against various environmental stresses. Among natural sources, plants are the fundamental material for studying these bioactive compounds as their immune system consists of many peptides, proteins, and hormones. Osmotin is a multifunctional stress-responsive protein belonging to pathogenesis-related 5 (PR-5) defense-related protein family, which is involved in inducing osmo-tolerance in plants. In this scenario, the accumulation of osmotin initiates abiotic and biotic signal transductions. These proteins work as antifungal agents against a broad range of fungal species by increasing plasma membrane permeability and dissipating the membrane potential of infecting fungi. Therefore, overexpression of tobacco osmotin protein in transgenic plants protects them from different stresses by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, limiting lipid peroxidation, initiating programmed cell death (PCD), and increasing proline content and scavenging enzyme activity. Other than osmotin, its homologous proteins, osmotin-like proteins (OLPs), also have dual function in plant defense against osmotic stress and have strong antifungal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ajmal Bashir
- Department of Horticulture, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan; (M.A.B.); (T.A.); (I.A.H.); (N.A.A.)
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (V.C.); (E.R.)
| | - Cristian Silvestri
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (V.C.); (E.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-761-357533
| | - Touqeer Ahmad
- Department of Horticulture, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan; (M.A.B.); (T.A.); (I.A.H.); (N.A.A.)
| | - Ishfaq Ahmad Hafiz
- Department of Horticulture, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan; (M.A.B.); (T.A.); (I.A.H.); (N.A.A.)
| | - Nadeem Akhtar Abbasi
- Department of Horticulture, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan; (M.A.B.); (T.A.); (I.A.H.); (N.A.A.)
| | - Ayesha Manzoor
- Barani Agricultural Research Institute, Chakwal 48800, Pakistan;
| | - Valerio Cristofori
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (V.C.); (E.R.)
| | - Eddo Rugini
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (V.C.); (E.R.)
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Zhao Q, Qiu B, Li S, Zhang Y, Cui X, Liu D. Osmotin-Like Protein Gene from Panax notoginseng Is Regulated by Jasmonic Acid and Involved in Defense Responses to Fusarium solani. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2020; 110:1419-1427. [PMID: 32301678 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-11-19-0410-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Osmotin and osmotin-like proteins (OLPs) play important roles in plant defense responses. The full-length cDNA sequence of an OLP gene was cloned from Panax notoginseng using rapid amplification of cDNA-end technology and named PnOLP1. A quantitative reverse transcription-PCR analysis showed that the signaling molecules methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid, ethylene, and hydrogen peroxide induced PnOLP1 expression to different degrees. In addition, the expression level of PnOLP1 rapidly increased within 48 h of inoculating P. notoginseng with the root rot pathogen Fusarium solani. Subcellular localization revealed that PnOLP1 localized to the cell wall. A prokaryotic expression vector containing PnOLP1 was constructed and transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), and in vitro antifungal assays were performed using the purified recombinant PnOLP1 protein. The recombinant PnOLP1 protein had strong inhibitory effects on the mycelial growth of F. oxysporum, F. graminearum, and F. solani. A plant PnOLP1-overexpression vector was constructed and transfected into tobacco, and the resistance of T2 transgenic tobacco against F. solani was significantly enhanced compared with wild-type tobacco. Moreover, a PnOLP1 RNAi vector was constructed and transferred to the P. notoginseng leaves for transient expression, and the decrease of PnOLP1 expression level in P. notoginseng leaves increased the susceptibility to F. solani. Thus, PnOLP1 is an important disease resistance gene involved in the defense responses of P. notoginseng to F. solani.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500,Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Bingling Qiu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500,Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Shan Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500,Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Yingpeng Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500,Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiuming Cui
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500,Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Diqiu Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500,Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
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Shehryar K, Khan RS, Iqbal A, Hussain SA, Imdad S, Bibi A, Hamayun L, Nakamura I. Transgene Stacking as Effective Tool for Enhanced Disease Resistance in Plants. Mol Biotechnol 2020; 62:1-7. [PMID: 31538309 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-019-00213-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction of more than one gene into crop plants simultaneously or sequentially, called transgene stacking, has been a more effective strategy for conferring higher and durable insect and disease resistance in transgenic plants than single-gene technology. Transgenes can be stacked against one or more pathogens or for traits such as herbicide tolerance or anthocyanin pigmentation. Polygenic agronomic traits can be improved by multiple gene transformation. The most widely engineered stacked traits are insect resistance and herbicide tolerance as these traits may lead to lesser use of pesticides, higher yield, and efficient control of weeds. In this review, we summarize transgene stacking of two or more transgenes into crops for different agronomic traits, potential applications of gene stacking, its limitations and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashmala Shehryar
- Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Raham Sher Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan.
| | - Aneela Iqbal
- Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | | | - Sawera Imdad
- Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Anam Bibi
- Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Laila Hamayun
- Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Ikuo Nakamura
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University Japan, Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
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Liu F, Wang P, Xiong X, Fu P, Gao H, Ding X, Wu G. Comparison of three Agrobacterium-mediated co-transformation methods for generating marker-free transgenic Brassica napus plants. PLANT METHODS 2020; 16:81. [PMID: 32518583 PMCID: PMC7275470 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-020-00628-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Generation of marker-free transgenic plants is very important to the regulatory permission and commercial release of transgenic crops. Co-transformation methods that enable the removal of selectable marker genes have been extensively used because they are simple and clean. Few comparisons are currently available between different strain/plasmid co-transformation systems, and also data are related to variation in co-transformation frequencies caused by other details of the vector design. RESULTS In this study, we constructed three vector systems for the co-transformation of allotetraploid Brassica napus (B. napus) mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens and compared these co-transformation methods. We tested a mixed-strain system, in which a single T-DNA is harbored in two plasmids, as well as two "double T-DNA" vector systems, in which two independent T-DNAs are harbored in one plasmid in a tandem orientation or in an inverted orientation. As confirmed by the use of PCR analysis, test strips, and Southern blot, the average co-transformation frequencies from these systems ranged from 24 to 81% in T0 plants, with the highest frequency of 81% for 1:1 treatment of the mixed-strain system. These vector systems are valuable for generating marker-free transgenic B. napus plants, and marker-free plants were successfully obtained in the T1 generation from 50 to 77% of T0 transgenic lines using these systems, with the highest frequency of 77% for "double T-DNA" vector systems of pBID RT Enhanced. We further found that marker-free B. napus plants were more frequently encountered in the progeny of transgenic lines which has only one or two marker gene copies in the T0 generation. Two types of herbicide resistant transgenic B. napus plants, Bar + with phosphinothricin resistance and Bar + EPSPS + GOX + with phosphinothricin and glyphosate resistance, were obtained. CONCLUSION We were successful in removing selectable marker genes in transgenic B. napus plants using all three co-transformation systems developed in this study. It was proved that if a appropriate mole ratio was designed for the specific length ratio of the twin T-DNAs for the mixed-strain method, high unlinked co-insertion frequency and overall success frequency could be achieved. Our study provides useful information for the construction of efficient co-transformation system for marker-free transgenic crop production and developed transgenic B. napus with various types of herbicide resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Pandi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojuan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Fu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongfei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinhua Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Gang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
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12
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Wang K, Gong Q, Ye X. Recent developments and applications of genetic transformation and genome editing technologies in wheat. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2020; 133:1603-1622. [PMID: 31654081 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-019-03464-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is a staple crop across the world and plays a remarkable role in food supplying security. Over the past few decades, basic and applied research on wheat has lagged behind other cereal crops due to the complex and polyploid genome and difficulties in genetic transformation. A breakthrough called as PureWheat was made in the genetic transformation of wheat in 2014 in Asia, leading to a noticeable progress of wheat genome editing. Due to this great achievement, it is predicated that wheat biotechnology revolution is arriving. Genome editing technologies using zinc finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector nuclease, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated endonucleases (CRISR/Cas) are becoming powerful tools for crop modification which can help biologists and biotechnologists better understand the processes of mutagenesis and genomic alteration. Among the three genome editing systems, CRISR/Cas has high specificity and activity, and therefore it is widely used in genetic engineering. Generally, the genome editing technologies depend on an efficient genetic transformation system. In this paper, we summarize recent progresses and applications on genetic transformation and genome editing in wheat. We also examine the future aspects of genetic transformation and genome editing. We believe that the technologies for wheat efficient genetic engineering and functional studies will become routine with the emergence of high-quality genomic sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qiang Gong
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xingguo Ye
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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13
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Molla KA, Karmakar S, Molla J, Bajaj P, Varshney RK, Datta SK, Datta K. Understanding sheath blight resistance in rice: the road behind and the road ahead. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:895-915. [PMID: 31811745 PMCID: PMC7061877 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Rice sheath blight disease, caused by the basidiomycetous necrotroph Rhizoctonia solani, became one of the major threats to the rice cultivation worldwide, especially after the adoption of high-yielding varieties. The pathogen is challenging to manage because of its extensively broad host range and high genetic variability and also due to the inability to find any satisfactory level of natural resistance from the available rice germplasm. It is high time to find remedies to combat the pathogen for reducing rice yield losses and subsequently to minimize the threat to global food security. The development of genetic resistance is one of the alternative means to avoid the use of hazardous chemical fungicides. This review mainly focuses on the effort of better understanding the host-pathogen relationship, finding the gene loci/markers imparting resistance response and modifying the host genome through transgenic development. The latest development and trend in the R. solani-rice pathosystem research with gap analysis are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kutubuddin A. Molla
- ICAR‐National Rice Research InstituteCuttackIndia
- Laboratory of Translational Research on Transgenic CropsDepartment of BotanyUniversity of CalcuttaKolkataIndia
- The Huck Institute of the Life SciencesThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental MicrobiologyThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
| | - Subhasis Karmakar
- Laboratory of Translational Research on Transgenic CropsDepartment of BotanyUniversity of CalcuttaKolkataIndia
| | - Johiruddin Molla
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology (CEGSB)International Crops Research Institute for the Semi‐Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)HyderabadIndia
| | - Prasad Bajaj
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology (CEGSB)International Crops Research Institute for the Semi‐Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)HyderabadIndia
| | - Rajeev K. Varshney
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology (CEGSB)International Crops Research Institute for the Semi‐Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)HyderabadIndia
| | - Swapan K. Datta
- Laboratory of Translational Research on Transgenic CropsDepartment of BotanyUniversity of CalcuttaKolkataIndia
| | - Karabi Datta
- Laboratory of Translational Research on Transgenic CropsDepartment of BotanyUniversity of CalcuttaKolkataIndia
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Leng C, Sun B, Liu Z, Zhang L, Wei X, Zhou Y, Meng Y, Lai Y, Dai Y, Zhu Z. An optimized double T-DNA binary vector system for improved production of marker-free transgenic tobacco plants. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 42:641-655. [PMID: 31965394 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-02797-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In the plant transformation process, marker genes play a vital role in identifying transformed cells from non-transformed cells. However, once transgenic plants have been obtained, the presence of marker genes may provoke public concern about environmental or biosafety issues. In our previous study, a double T-DNA vector system has been developed to obtain marker-free transgenic plants, but the T-DNA left border (LB) and right border (RB) of the vector showed an RB-LB-RB-LB pattern and led to high linkage integration between the selectable marker gene (SMG) and the gene of interest (GOI). To improve this double T-DNA vector system, we inverted the first T-DNA direction such that a LB-RB-RB-LB pattern resulted to avoid transcriptional read-through at the LB and the subsequent linkage transfer of the SMG and GOI. RESULTS We separately inserted the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene as the GOI and the neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII) gene as the SMG in both optimized and original vectors and carried out Agrobacterium-mediated tobacco transformation. Statistical analysis revealed that the linkage frequency was 25.6% in T0 plants transformed with the optimized vector, which is a 42.1% decrease compared with that of the original vector (44.2%). The frequency of obtaining marker-free transgenic plants was 66.7% in T1 plants transformed with the optimized vector, showing a 33.4% increase compared with that of the original vector (50.0%). CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that the optimized double T-DNA binary vector system is a more effective, economical and time-saving approach for obtaining marker-free transgenic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxu Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Bing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Institute of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Zheming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiaoli Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ying Meng
- Institute of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Yongcai Lai
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Yan Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Zhen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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15
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Viktorova J, Klcova B, Rehorova K, Vlcko T, Stankova L, Jelenova N, Cejnar P, Kundu JK, Ohnoutkova L, Macek T. Recombinant expression of osmotin in barley improves stress resistance and food safety during adverse growing conditions. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212718. [PMID: 31075104 PMCID: PMC6510477 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although many genetic manipulations of crops providing biofortified or safer food have been done, the acceptance of biotechnology crops still remains limited. We report on a transgenic barley expressing the multi-functional protein osmotin that improves plant defense under stress conditions. METHODS An Agrobacterium-mediated technique was used to transform immature embryos of the spring barley cultivar Golden Promise. Transgenic barley plants of the T0 and T1 generation were evaluated by molecular methods. Transgenic barley tolerance to stress was determined by chlorophyll, total protein, malondialdehyde and ascorbate peroxidase content. Methanol extracts of i) Fusarium oxysporum infected or ii) salt-stressed plants, were characterized by their acute toxicity effect on human dermal fibroblasts (HDF), genotoxicity and affection of biodiversity interactions, which was tested through monitoring barley natural virus pathogen-host interactions-the BYDV and WDV viruses transmitted to the plants by aphids and leafhoppers. RESULTS Transgenic plants maintained the same level of chlorophyll and protein, which significantly declined in wild-type barley under the same stressful conditions. Salt stress evoked higher ascorbate peroxidase level and correspondingly less malondialdehyde. Osmotin expressing barley extracts exhibited a lower cytotoxicity effect of statistical significance than that of wild-type plants under both types of stress tested on human dermal fibroblasts. Extract of Fusarium oxysporum infected transgenic barley was not able to damage DNA in the Comet assay, which is in opposite to control plants. Moreover, this particular barley did not affect the local biodiversity. CONCLUSION Our findings provide a new perspective that could help to evaluate the safety of products from genetically modified crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitka Viktorova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Klcova
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Rehorova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Vlcko
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Stankova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nikola Jelenova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Cejnar
- Division of Crop Protection and Plant Health, Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiban Kumar Kundu
- Division of Crop Protection and Plant Health, Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Ohnoutkova
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Macek
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
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16
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Liang Q, Wang K, Liu X, Riaz B, Jiang L, Wan X, Ye X, Zhang C. Improved folate accumulation in genetically modified maize and wheat. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:1539-1551. [PMID: 30753561 PMCID: PMC6411382 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Folates are indispensable co-factors for one-carbon metabolism in all organisms. In humans, suboptimal folate intake results in serious disorders. One promising strategy for improving human folate status is to enhance folate levels in food crops by metabolic engineering. In this study, we cloned two GmGCHI (GTP cyclohydrolase I) genes (Gm8gGCHI and Gm3gGCHI) and one GmADCS (aminodeoxychorismate synthase) gene from soybean, which are responsible for synthesizing the folate precursors pterin and p-aminobenzoate, respectively. We initially confirmed their functions in transgenic Arabidopsis plants and found that Gm8gGCHI increased pterin and folate production more than Gm3gGCHI did. We then co-expressed Gm8gGCHI and GmADCS driven by endosperm-specific promoters in maize and wheat, two major staple crops, to boost their folate metabolic flux. A 4.2-fold and 2.3-fold increase in folate levels were observed in transgenic maize and wheat grains, respectively. To optimize wheat folate enhancement, codon-optimized Gm8gGCHI and tomato LeADCS genes under the control of a wheat endosperm-specific glutenin promoter (1Dx5) were co-transformed. This yielded a 5.6-fold increase in folate in transgenic wheat grains (Gm8gGCHI+/LeADCS+). This two-gene co-expression strategy therefore has the potential to greatly enhance folate levels in maize and wheat, thus improving their nutritional value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuju Liang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoning Liu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bisma Riaz
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Wan
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xingguo Ye
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyi Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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17
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Rezapour S, Shiravand M, Mardani M. Epigenetic changes due to physical activity. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2018; 65:761-767. [PMID: 30144174 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
One of the epigenetic-modifying factors is regular and continuous physical activity. This article attempts to investigate the effects of physical activity and exercise on changes in histone proteins and gene expression, as well as the effect of these exercises on the prevention of certain cancers and the ejection of age-related illnesses and cellular oxidation interactions. All of this is due to epigenetic changes and gene expression. Most studies have reported the positive effects of regular exercises on the expression of histone proteins. DNA methylation and the prevention of certain diseases such as cancer and respiratory diseases, caused by antioxidative interactions that occur more often in the elderly, have been studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Rezapour
- Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mustafa Shiravand
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Gilan University, Gilan, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Mardani
- Nutritional Health Research Center, Health and Nutrition Department, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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18
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Czubacka A, Sacco E, Olszak-Przybyś H, Doroszewska T. Inheritance and effectiveness of two transgenes determining PVY resistance in progeny from crossing independently transformed tobacco lines. J Appl Genet 2017; 58:179-184. [PMID: 27878452 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-016-0372-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Genetic transformation of plants allows us to obtain improved genotypes enriched with the desired traits. However, if transgenic lines were to be used in breeding programs the stability of inserted transgenes is essential. In the present study, we followed the inheritance of transgenes in hybrids originated from crossing two transgenic tobacco lines resistant to Potato virus Y (PVY): MN 944 LMV with the transgene containing Lettuce mosaic virus coat protein gene (LMV CP) and AC Gayed ROKY2 with PVY replicase gene (ROKY2). Progeny populations generated by successive self-pollination were analyzed with respect to the transgene segregation ratio and resistance to Potato virus Y in tests carried out under greenhouse conditions. The presence of the virus in inoculated plants was detected by DAS-ELISA method. The results demonstrated the Mendelian fashion of inheritance of transgenes which were segregated independently and stably. As a result, we obtained T4 generation of hybrid with both transgenes stacked and which was highly resistant to PVY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Czubacka
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute, 8 Czartoryskich Street, 24-100, Puławy, Poland.
| | - Ermanno Sacco
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics-Ornamental Plant Research Unit, (CREA-FSO), 508, Corso degli Inglesi, 18038, Sanremo, IM, Italy
| | - Hanna Olszak-Przybyś
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute, 8 Czartoryskich Street, 24-100, Puławy, Poland
| | - Teresa Doroszewska
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute, 8 Czartoryskich Street, 24-100, Puławy, Poland
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Wang K, Liu H, Du L, Ye X. Generation of marker-free transgenic hexaploid wheat via an Agrobacterium-mediated co-transformation strategy in commercial Chinese wheat varieties. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2017; 15:614-623. [PMID: 27862820 PMCID: PMC5399001 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Genotype specificity is a big problem lagging the development of efficient hexaploid wheat transformation system. Increasingly, the biosecurity of genetically modified organisms is garnering public attention, so the generation of marker-free transgenic plants is very important to the eventual potential commercial release of transgenic wheat. In this study, 15 commercial Chinese hexaploid wheat varieties were successfully transformed via an Agrobacterium-mediated method, with efficiency of up to 37.7%, as confirmed by the use of Quickstix strips, histochemical staining, PCR analysis and Southern blotting. Of particular interest, marker-free transgenic wheat plants from various commercial Chinese varieties and their F1 hybrids were successfully obtained for the first time, with a frequency of 4.3%, using a plasmid harbouring two independent T-DNA regions. The average co-integration frequency of the gus and the bar genes located on the two independent T-DNA regions was 49.0% in T0 plants. We further found that the efficiency of generating marker-free plants was related to the number of bar gene copies integrated in the genome. Marker-free transgenic wheat plants were identified in the progeny of three transgenic lines that had only one or two bar gene copies. Moreover, silencing of the bar gene was detected in 30.7% of T1 positive plants, but the gus gene was never found to be silenced in T1 plants. Bisulphite genomic sequencing suggested that DNA methylation in the 35S promoter of the bar gene regulatory region might be the main reason for bar gene silencing in the transgenic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Institute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Huiyun Liu
- Institute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Lipu Du
- Institute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xingguo Ye
- Institute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
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20
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Wang GP, Yu XD, Sun YW, Jones HD, Xia LQ. Generation of Marker- and/or Backbone-Free Transgenic Wheat Plants via Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1324. [PMID: 27708648 PMCID: PMC5030305 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes to animals and vertical transfer of herbicide resistance genes to the weedy relatives are perceived as major biosafety concerns in genetically modified (GM) crops. In this study, five novel vectors which used gusA and bar as a reporter gene and a selection marker gene, respectively, were constructed based on the pCLEAN dual binary vector system. Among these vectors, 1G7B and 5G7B carried two T-DNAs located on two respective plasmids with 5G7B possessing an additional virGwt gene. 5LBTG154 and 5TGTB154 carried two T-DNAs in the target plasmid with either one or double right borders, and 5BTG154 carried the selectable marker gene on the backbone outside of the T-DNA left border in the target plasmid. In addition, 5BTG154, 5LBTG154, and 5TGTB154 used pAL154 as a helper plasmid which contains Komari fragment to facilitate transformation. These five dual binary vector combinations were transformed into Agrobacterium strain AGL1 and used to transform durum wheat cv Stewart 63. Evaluation of the co-transformation efficiencies, the frequencies of marker-free transgenic plants, and integration of backbone sequences in the obtained transgenic lines indicated that two vectors (5G7B and 5TGTB154) were more efficient in generating marker-free transgenic wheat plants with no or minimal integration of backbone sequences in the wheat genome. The vector series developed in this study for generation of marker- and/or backbone-free transgenic wheat plants via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation will be useful to facilitate the creation of "clean" GM wheat containing only the foreign genes of agronomic importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen-Ping Wang
- Department of Plant Gene Resources and Molecular Design, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)Beijing, China
- Cereal Crops Research Laboratory of Hebei Province, National Millet Improvement Center, Institute of Millet Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesShijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiu-Dao Yu
- Department of Plant Gene Resources and Molecular Design, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Wei Sun
- Department of Plant Gene Resources and Molecular Design, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)Beijing, China
| | - Huw D. Jones
- Translational Genomics for Plant Breeding, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth UniversityAberystwyth, UK
| | - Lan-Qin Xia
- Department of Plant Gene Resources and Molecular Design, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)Beijing, China
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Anil Kumar S, Hima Kumari P, Shravan Kumar G, Mohanalatha C, Kavi Kishor PB. Osmotin: a plant sentinel and a possible agonist of mammalian adiponectin. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:163. [PMID: 25852715 PMCID: PMC4360817 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Osmotin is a stress responsive antifungal protein belonging to the pathogenesis-related (PR)-5 family that confers tolerance to both biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. Protective efforts of osmotin in plants range from high temperature to cold and salt to drought. It lyses the plasma membrane of the pathogens. It is widely distributed in fruits and vegetables. It is a differentially expressed and developmentally regulated protein that protects the cells from osmotic stress and invading pathogens as well, by structural or metabolic alterations. During stress conditions, osmotin helps in the accumulation of the osmolyte proline, which quenches reactive oxygen species and free radicals. Osmotin expression results in the accumulation of storage reserves and increases the shelf-life of fruits. It binds to a seven-transmembrane-domain receptor-like protein and induces programmed cell death in Saccharomyces cerevisiae through RAS2/cAMP signaling pathway. Adiponectin, produced in adipose tissues of mammals, is an insulin-sensitizing hormone. Strangely, osmotin acts like the mammalian hormone adiponectin in various in vitro and in vivo models. Adiponectin and osmotin, the two receptor binding proteins do not share sequence similarity at the amino acid level, but interestingly they have a similar structural and functional properties. In experimental mice, adiponectin inhibits endothelial cell proliferation and migration, primary tumor growth, and reduces atherosclerosis. This retrospective work examines the vital role of osmotin in plant defense and as a potential targeted therapeutic drug for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Anil Kumar
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, HyderabadIndia
| | - P. Hima Kumari
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, HyderabadIndia
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22
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Xu F, Liu Z, Xie H, Zhu J, Zhang J, Kraus J, Blaschnig T, Nehls R, Wang H. Increased drought tolerance through the suppression of ESKMO1 gene and overexpression of CBF-related genes in Arabidopsis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106509. [PMID: 25184213 PMCID: PMC4153627 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Improved drought tolerance is always a highly desired trait for agricultural plants. Significantly increased drought tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana (Columbia-0) has been achieved in our work through the suppression of ESKMO1 (ESK1) gene expression with small-interfering RNA (siRNA) and overexpression of CBF genes with constitutive gene expression. ESK1 has been identified as a gene linked to normal development of the plant vascular system, which is assumed directly related to plant drought response. By using siRNA that specifically targets ESK1, the gene expression has been reduced and drought tolerance of the plant has been enhanced dramatically in the work. However, the plant response to external abscisic acid application has not been changed. ICE1, CBF1, and CBF3 are genes involved in a well-characterized plant stress response pathway, overexpression of them in the plant has demonstrated capable to increase drought tolerance. By overexpression of these genes combining together with suppression of ESK1 gene, the significant increase of plant drought tolerance has been achieved in comparison to single gene manipulation, although the effect is not in an additive way. Accompanying the increase of drought tolerance via suppression of ESK1 gene expression, the negative effect has been observed in seeds yield of transgenic plants in normal watering conditions comparing with wide type plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuhui Xu
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhixue Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyan Xie
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juren Zhang
- School of Life Science, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | | | | | | | - Hong Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- KWS SAAT AG, Einbeck, Germany
- * E-mail:
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23
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Ainley WM, Sastry-Dent L, Welter ME, Murray MG, Zeitler B, Amora R, Corbin DR, Miles RR, Arnold NL, Strange TL, Simpson MA, Cao Z, Carroll C, Pawelczak KS, Blue R, West K, Rowland LM, Perkins D, Samuel P, Dewes CM, Shen L, Sriram S, Evans SL, Rebar EJ, Zhang L, Gregory PD, Urnov FD, Webb SR, Petolino JF. Trait stacking via targeted genome editing. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2013; 11:1126-34. [PMID: 23953646 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Modern agriculture demands crops carrying multiple traits. The current paradigm of randomly integrating and sorting independently segregating transgenes creates severe downstream breeding challenges. A versatile, generally applicable solution is hereby provided: the combination of high-efficiency targeted genome editing driven by engineered zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) with modular 'trait landing pads' (TLPs) that allow 'mix-and-match', on-demand transgene integration and trait stacking in crop plants. We illustrate the utility of nuclease-driven TLP technology by applying it to the stacking of herbicide resistance traits. We first integrated into the maize genome an herbicide resistance gene, pat, flanked with a TLP (ZFN target sites and sequences homologous to incoming DNA) using WHISKERS™-mediated transformation of embryogenic suspension cultures. We established a method for targeted transgene integration based on microparticle bombardment of immature embryos and used it to deliver a second trait precisely into the TLP via cotransformation with a donor DNA containing a second herbicide resistance gene, aad1, flanked by sequences homologous to the integrated TLP along with a corresponding ZFN expression construct. Remarkably, up to 5% of the embryo-derived transgenic events integrated the aad1 transgene precisely at the TLP, that is, directly adjacent to the pat transgene. Importantly and consistent with the juxtaposition achieved via nuclease-driven TLP technology, both herbicide resistance traits cosegregated in subsequent generations, thereby demonstrating linkage of the two independently transformed transgenes. Because ZFN-mediated targeted transgene integration is becoming applicable across an increasing number of crop species, this work exemplifies a simple, facile and rapid approach to trait stacking.
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Molla KA, Karmakar S, Chanda PK, Ghosh S, Sarkar SN, Datta SK, Datta K. Rice oxalate oxidase gene driven by green tissue-specific promoter increases tolerance to sheath blight pathogen (Rhizoctonia solani) in transgenic rice. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2013; 14:910-22. [PMID: 23809026 PMCID: PMC6638683 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Rice sheath blight, caused by the necrotrophic fungus Rhizoctonia solani, is one of the most devastating and intractable diseases of rice, leading to a significant reduction in rice productivity worldwide. In this article, in order to examine sheath blight resistance, we report the generation of transgenic rice lines overexpressing the rice oxalate oxidase 4 (Osoxo4) gene in a green tissue-specific manner which breaks down oxalic acid (OA), the pathogenesis factor secreted by R. solani. Transgenic plants showed higher enzyme activity of oxalate oxidase (OxO) than nontransgenic control plants, which was visualized by histochemical assays and sodium dodecylsulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Transgenic rice leaves were more tolerant than control rice leaves to exogenous OA. Transgenic plants showed a higher level of expression of other defence-related genes in response to pathogen infection. More importantly, transgenic plants exhibited significantly enhanced durable resistance to R. solani. The overexpression of Osoxo4 in rice did not show any detrimental phenotypic or agronomic effect. Our findings indicate that rice OxO can be utilized effectively in plant genetic manipulation for sheath blight resistance, and possibly for resistance to other diseases caused by necrotrophic fungi, especially those that secrete OA. This is the first report of the expression of defence genes in rice in a green tissue-specific manner for sheath blight resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kutubuddin A Molla
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
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25
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Adrangi S, Faramarzi MA. From bacteria to human: a journey into the world of chitinases. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 31:1786-95. [PMID: 24095741 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Chitinases, the enzymes responsible for the biological degradation of chitin, are found in a wide range of organisms from bacteria to higher plants and animals. They participate in numerous physiological processes such as nutrition, parasitism, morphogenesis and immunity. Many organisms, in addition to chitinases, produce inactive chitinase-like lectins that despite lacking enzymatic activity are involved in several regulatory functions. Most known chitinases belong to families 18 and 19 of glycosyl hydrolases, however a few chitinases that belong to families 23 and 48 have also been identified in recent years. In this review, different aspects of chitinases and chi-lectins from bacteria, fungi, insects, plants and mammals are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Adrangi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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26
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Huang Y, Su CY, Kuo HJ, Chen YH, Huang PL, Lee KT. A comparison of strategies for multiple-gene co-transformation via hairy root induction. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:8637-47. [PMID: 23812331 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5034-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2013] [Revised: 06/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Hairy root is a transformed root tissue in which transfer DNA (T-DNA) is inserted in the genome by Agrobacterium rhizogenes. To establish a system for multiple-gene co-transformation in hairy roots, we evaluated four different strategies using A. rhizogenes. The genes gusA and mgfp5 were located in separate plasmids, which were transformed into two different batches of A. rhizogenes (strategy 2AR) or a single batch (strategy 2BV). The two reporter genes were also inserted in one T-DNA (strategy 1TD) or two different T-DNAs (strategy 2TD) in a binary vector. Over 90 % of infected Nicotiana tabacum leaf discs formed hairy roots in all four groups, which was not significantly different from the infection efficiency of wild-type A. rhizogenes. Proportions of co-transformed hairy roots with strategies 2AR, 2BV, 1TD, and 2TD were 65.4, 40.0, 78.6, and 82.1 %, respectively, which indicated that all of the strategies were suitable for co-transformation of multiple genes. High variation in growth rate and heterologous protein expression indicated that further screening is required to identify the clone with the highest productivity. Our results indicated that strategies 1TD and 2TD achieved the highest co-transformation efficiency. Combination with strategy 2AR or 2BV provides additional options for co-transformation of multiple transgenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Wang M, Liu C, Li S, Zhu D, Zhao Q, Yu J. Improved nutritive quality and salt resistance in transgenic maize by simultaneously overexpression of a natural lysine-rich protein gene, SBgLR, and an ERF transcription factor gene, TSRF1. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:9459-74. [PMID: 23629675 PMCID: PMC3676793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14059459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.), as one of the most important crops in the world, is deficient in lysine and tryptophan. Environmental conditions greatly impact plant growth, development and productivity. In this study, we used particle bombardment mediated co-transformation to obtain marker-free transgenic maize inbred X178 lines harboring a lysine-rich protein gene SBgLR from potato and an ethylene responsive factor (ERF) transcription factor gene, TSRF1, from tomato. Both of the target genes were successfully expressed and showed various expression levels in different transgenic lines. Analysis showed that the protein and lysine content in T1 transgenic maize seeds increased significantly. Compared to non-transformed maize, the protein and lysine content increased by 7.7% to 24.38% and 8.70% to 30.43%, respectively. Moreover, transgenic maize exhibited more tolerance to salt stress. When treated with 200 mM NaCl for 48 h, both non-transformed and transgenic plant leaves displayed wilting and losing green symptoms and dramatic increase of the free proline contents. However, the degree of control seedlings was much more serious than that of transgenic lines and much more increases of the free proline contents in the transgenic lines than that in the control seedlings were observed. Meanwhile, lower extent decreases of the chlorophyll contents were detected in the transgenic seedlings. Quantitative RT-PCR was performed to analyze the expression of ten stress-related genes, including stress responsive transcription factor genes, ZmMYB59 and ZmMYC1, proline synthesis related genes, ZmP5CS1 and ZmP5CS2, photosynthesis-related genes, ZmELIP, ZmPSI-N, ZmOEE, Zmrbcs and ZmPLAS, and one ABA biosynthesis related gene, ZmSDR. The results showed that with the exception of ZmP5CS1 and ZmP5CS2 in line 9-10 and 19-11, ZmMYC1 in line 19-11 and ZmSDR in line 19-11, the expression of other stress-related genes were inhibited in transgenic lines under normal conditions. After salt treatment, the expressions of the ten stress-related genes were significantly induced in both wild-type (WT) and transgenic lines. However, compared to WT, the increases of ZmP5CS1 in all these three transgenic lines and ZmP5CS2 in line 9-10 were less than WT plants. This study provides an effective approach of maize genetic engineering for improved nutritive quality and salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meizhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; E-Mails: (M.W.); (C.L.); (S.L.); (D.Z.); (Q.Z.)
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; E-Mails: (M.W.); (C.L.); (S.L.); (D.Z.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Shixue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; E-Mails: (M.W.); (C.L.); (S.L.); (D.Z.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Dengyun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; E-Mails: (M.W.); (C.L.); (S.L.); (D.Z.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Qian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; E-Mails: (M.W.); (C.L.); (S.L.); (D.Z.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Jingjuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; E-Mails: (M.W.); (C.L.); (S.L.); (D.Z.); (Q.Z.)
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Yau YY, Stewart CN. Less is more: strategies to remove marker genes from transgenic plants. BMC Biotechnol 2013; 13:36. [PMID: 23617583 PMCID: PMC3689633 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-13-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Selectable marker genes (SMGs) and selection agents are useful tools in the production of transgenic plants by selecting transformed cells from a matrix consisting of mostly untransformed cells. Most SMGs express protein products that confer antibiotic- or herbicide resistance traits, and typically reside in the end product of genetically-modified (GM) plants. The presence of these genes in GM plants, and subsequently in food, feed and the environment, are of concern and subject to special government regulation in many countries. The presence of SMGs in GM plants might also, in some cases, result in a metabolic burden for the host plants. Their use also prevents the re-use of the same SMG when a second transformation scheme is needed to be performed on the transgenic host. In recent years, several strategies have been developed to remove SMGs from GM products while retaining the transgenes of interest. This review describes the existing strategies for SMG removal, including the implementation of site specific recombination systems, TALENs and ZFNs. This review discusses the advantages and disadvantages of existing SMG-removal strategies and explores possible future research directions for SMG removal including emerging technologies for increased precision for genome modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yeu Yau
- Department of Natural Sciences, Northeastern State University, Broken Arrow, OK 74014, USA
| | - C Neal Stewart
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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29
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Tuteja N, Verma S, Sahoo RK, Raveendar S, Reddy INBL. Recent advances in development of marker-free transgenic plants: Regulation and biosafety concern. J Biosci 2012; 37:167-97. [PMID: 22357214 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-012-9187-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Narendra Tuteja
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110 067, India.
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Sripriya R, Sangeetha M, Parameswari C, Veluthambi B, Veluthambi K. Improved Agrobacterium-mediated co-transformation and selectable marker elimination in transgenic rice by using a high copy number pBin19-derived binary vector. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 180:766-74. [PMID: 21497712 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2010] [Revised: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A high copy number, selectable marker gene (SMG)-free Agrobacterium binary vector pBin19ΔnptII was constructed by deleting the nptII gene from pBin19. The binary vectors with the RK2 and pVS replication origins exist in 12 and 3 copies, respectively, in Agrobacterium. The tobacco osmotin gene (ap24) was cloned in pBin19ΔnptII and the resultant plasmid pBin19ΔnptII-ap24 was mobilized into the Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain C58C1 Rif(r) harbouring the single-copy cointegrate vector pGV2260::pSSJ1. The T-DNA of the cointegrate vector harboured the hph (SMG) and gus genes. Transformation of Oryza sativa L. var. Pusa Basmati1 with Agrobacterium tumefaciens (pGV2260::pSSJ1, pBin19ΔnptII-ap24) yielded 14 independent hyg+/GUS+ transgenic plants. Southern blot analysis with hph and ap24 probes revealed that 12 out of the 14 transgenic plants were co-transformed and harboured hph, gus and ap24 genes. The new multi-copy binary vector yielded 86% co-transformation efficiency. SMG elimination by genetic separation of the cointegrate T-DNA with the hph/gus genes and binary vector T-DNA with the ap24 gene was accomplished in four out of ten primary co-transformants that were forwarded to the T₁ generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajasekaran Sripriya
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Palkalai Nagar, Madurai 625021, Tamil Nadu, India
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