1
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Ali S, Tyagi A, Bae H. ROS interplay between plant growth and stress biology: Challenges and future perspectives. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 203:108032. [PMID: 37757722 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
In plants, reactive oxygen species (ROS) have emerged as a multifunctional signaling molecules that modulate diverse stress and growth responses. Earlier studies on ROS in plants primarily focused on its toxicity and ROS-scavenging processes, but recent findings are offering new insights on its role in signal perception and transduction. Further, the interaction of cell wall receptors, calcium channels, HATPase, protein kinases, and hormones with NADPH oxidases (respiratory burst oxidase homologues (RBOHs), provides concrete evidence that ROS regulates major signaling cascades in different cellular compartments related to stress and growth responses. However, at the molecular level there are many knowledge gaps regarding how these players influence ROS signaling and how ROS regulate them during growth and stress events. Furthermore, little is known about how plant sensors or receptors detect ROS under various environmental stresses and induce subsequent signaling cascades. In light of this, we provided an update on the role of ROS signaling in plant growth and stress biology. First, we focused on ROS signaling, its production and regulation by cell wall receptor like kinases. Next, we discussed the interplay between ROS, calcium and hormones, which forms a major signaling trio regulatory network of signal perception and transduction. We also provided an overview on ROS and nitric oxide (NO) crosstalk. Furthermore, we emphasized the function of ROS signaling in biotic, abiotic and mechanical stresses, as well as in plant growth and development. Finally, we conclude by highlighting challenges and future perspectives of ROS signaling in plants that warrants future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Anshika Tyagi
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanhong Bae
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Wu Y, Jiang N, He Z, Yang Y, Li Y. Direct electrochemical detection of extracellular nitric oxide in Arabidopsis protoplast based on cytochrome P450 55B1 biosensor. Nitric Oxide 2023; 132:8-14. [PMID: 36731643 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 55B1(CYP55B1) from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii reduces nitric oxide (NO) to dinitrogen oxide (N2O) with the electron supply from NAD(P)H in vivo. Here a novel nitric oxide biosensor was developed by immobilized CYP55B1 on the surface of pyrolytic graphite electrode (PGE) by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde (GA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA). The direct electrochemistry of CYP55B1 was realized with the redox peak potential of -0.355 V and -0.385 V and the catalytic reduction peak of NO by CYP55B1 is at -0.85 V at the scan rate of 0.5 V S-1 in pH 7.0 phosphate buffer. The apparent coverage (Γ = 1.43 × 10-11 mol cm-2), the electron transfer rate constant (ks = 17.39 s-1) and apparent affinity to NO (Kmapp = 11.64 nM) of CYP55B1 in GA/BSA film were obtained. The catalytic mechanism of CYP55B1 towards NO with NADH was examined by the biosensor. The linear range of NO detection was investigated by differential pulse voltammetry with the results of 5-50 nM and the detection limit of 0.5 nM (S/N = 3). The selectivity and stability of the electrochemical biosensor were investigated. Furthermore, the CYP55B1electrochemical biosensor was applied to monitor NO release from Arabidopsis protoplasts with the average content of 0.848 fmol per cell under anaerobic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhua Wu
- College of Life Science, South-Central Minzu University, 430074, China.
| | - Nan Jiang
- College of Life Science, South-Central Minzu University, 430074, China
| | - Zheng He
- College of Life Science, South-Central Minzu University, 430074, China
| | - Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, 430062, China
| | - Yong Li
- College of Life Science, South-Central Minzu University, 430074, China.
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3
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Huang J, Yang L, Yang L, Wu X, Cui X, Zhang L, Hui J, Zhao Y, Yang H, Liu S, Xu Q, Pang M, Guo X, Cao Y, Chen Y, Ren X, Lv J, Yu J, Ding J, Xu G, Wang N, Wei X, Lin Q, Yuan Y, Zhang X, Ma C, Dai C, Wang P, Wang Y, Cheng F, Zeng W, Palanivelu R, Wu HM, Zhang X, Cheung AY, Duan Q. Stigma receptors control intraspecies and interspecies barriers in Brassicaceae. Nature 2023; 614:303-308. [PMID: 36697825 PMCID: PMC9908550 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05640-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Flowering plants have evolved numerous intraspecific and interspecific prezygotic reproductive barriers to prevent production of unfavourable offspring1. Within a species, self-incompatibility (SI) is a widely utilized mechanism that rejects self-pollen2,3 to avoid inbreeding depression. Interspecific barriers restrain breeding between species and often follow the SI × self-compatible (SC) rule, that is, interspecific pollen is unilaterally incompatible (UI) on SI pistils but unilaterally compatible (UC) on SC pistils1,4-6. The molecular mechanisms underlying SI, UI, SC and UC and their interconnections in the Brassicaceae remain unclear. Here we demonstrate that the SI pollen determinant S-locus cysteine-rich protein/S-locus protein 11 (SCR/SP11)2,3 or a signal from UI pollen binds to the SI female determinant S-locus receptor kinase (SRK)2,3, recruits FERONIA (FER)7-9 and activates FER-mediated reactive oxygen species production in SI stigmas10,11 to reject incompatible pollen. For compatible responses, diverged pollen coat protein B-class12-14 from SC and UC pollen differentially trigger nitric oxide, nitrosate FER to suppress reactive oxygen species in SC stigmas to facilitate pollen growth in an intraspecies-preferential manner, maintaining species integrity. Our results show that SRK and FER integrate mechanisms underlying intraspecific and interspecific barriers and offer paths to achieve distant breeding in Brassicaceae crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Lin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Liu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Jiyun Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yumei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Hongmin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Shangjia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Quanling Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Maoxuan Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xinping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yunyun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xinru Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Jinzhi Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Jianqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Junyi Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Gang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Nian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xiaochun Wei
- Institute of Horticulture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qinghui Lin
- Computer Network Information Centre, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxiang Yuan
- Institute of Horticulture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Institute of Horticulture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chaozhi Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Dai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengwei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongchao Wang
- Shandong Yiyi Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd, Tai'an, China
| | - Fei Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Weiqing Zeng
- International Flavors & Fragrances, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | | | - Hen-Ming Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Cell Biology and Plant Biology Programs, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Xiansheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Alice Y Cheung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Cell Biology and Plant Biology Programs, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
| | - Qiaohong Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.
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4
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Gupta KJ, Kaladhar VC, Fitzpatrick TB, Fernie AR, Møller IM, Loake GJ. Nitric oxide regulation of plant metabolism. MOLECULAR PLANT 2022; 15:228-242. [PMID: 34971792 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has emerged as an important signal molecule in plants, having myriad roles in plant development. In addition, NO also orchestrates both biotic and abiotic stress responses, during which intensive cellular metabolic reprogramming occurs. Integral to these responses is the location of NO biosynthetic and scavenging pathways in diverse cellular compartments, enabling plants to effectively organize signal transduction pathways. NO regulates plant metabolism and, in turn, metabolic pathways reciprocally regulate NO accumulation and function. Thus, these diverse cellular processes are inextricably linked. This review addresses the numerous redox pathways, located in the various subcellular compartments that produce NO, in addition to the mechanisms underpinning NO scavenging. We focus on how this molecular dance is integrated into the metabolic state of the cell. Within this context, a reciprocal relationship between NO accumulation and metabolite production is often apparent. We also showcase cellular pathways, including those associated with nitrate reduction, that provide evidence for this integration of NO function and metabolism. Finally, we discuss the potential importance of the biochemical reactions governing NO levels in determining plant responses to a changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapuganti Jagadis Gupta
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, Delhi 110067 India.
| | - Vemula Chandra Kaladhar
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, Delhi 110067 India
| | - Teresa B Fitzpatrick
- Vitamins and Environmental Stress Responses in Plants, Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211 Switzerland
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm 14476 Germany
| | - Ian Max Møller
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Gary J Loake
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK.
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5
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Tewari RK, Horemans N, Watanabe M. Evidence for a role of nitric oxide in iron homeostasis in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:990-1006. [PMID: 33196822 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), once regarded as a poisonous air pollutant, is now understood as a regulatory molecule essential for several biological functions in plants. In this review, we summarize NO generation in different plant organs and cellular compartments, and also discuss the role of NO in iron (Fe) homeostasis, particularly in Fe-deficient plants. Fe is one of the most limiting essential nutrient elements for plants. Plants often exhibit Fe deficiency symptoms despite sufficient tissue Fe concentrations. NO appears to not only up-regulate Fe uptake mechanisms but also makes Fe more bioavailable for metabolic functions. NO forms complexes with Fe, which can then be delivered into target cells/tissues. NO generated in plants can alleviate oxidative stress by regulating antioxidant defense processes, probably by improving functional Fe status and by inducing post-translational modifications in the enzymes/proteins involved in antioxidant defense responses. It is hypothesized that NO acts in cooperation with transcription factors such as bHLHs, FIT, and IRO to regulate the expression of enzymes and proteins essential for Fe homeostasis. However, further investigations are needed to disentangle the interaction of NO with intracellular target molecules that leads to enhanced internal Fe availability in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nele Horemans
- Biosphere Impact Studies, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK•CEN), Boeretang, Mol, Belgium
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan gebouw D, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Masami Watanabe
- Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, Chiba University, Inage-ward, Yayoicho, Chiba, Japan
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6
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Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, an Algal Model in the Nitrogen Cycle. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9070903. [PMID: 32708782 PMCID: PMC7412212 DOI: 10.3390/plants9070903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an essential constituent of all living organisms and the main limiting macronutrient. Even when dinitrogen gas is the most abundant form of N, it can only be used by fixing bacteria but is inaccessible to most organisms, algae among them. Algae preferentially use ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3−) for growth, and the reactions for their conversion into amino acids (N assimilation) constitute an important part of the nitrogen cycle by primary producers. Recently, it was claimed that algae are also involved in denitrification, because of the production of nitric oxide (NO), a signal molecule, which is also a substrate of NO reductases to produce nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas. This review is focused on the microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as an algal model and its participation in different reactions of the N cycle. Emphasis will be paid to new actors, such as putative genes involved in NO and N2O production and their occurrence in other algae genomes. Furthermore, algae/bacteria mutualism will be considered in terms of expanding the N cycle to ammonification and N fixation, which are based on the exchange of carbon and nitrogen between the two organisms.
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7
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León J, Costa-Broseta Á. Present knowledge and controversies, deficiencies, and misconceptions on nitric oxide synthesis, sensing, and signaling in plants. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43. [PMID: 31323702 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
After 30 years of intensive work, nitric oxide (NO) has just started to be characterized as a relevant regulatory molecule on plant development and responses to stress. Its reactivity as a free radical determines its mode of action as an inducer of posttranslational modifications of key target proteins through cysteine S-nitrosylation and tyrosine nitration. Many of the NO-triggered regulatory actions are exerted in tight coordination with phytohormone signaling. This review not only summarizes and updates the information accumulated on how NO is synthesized, sensed, and transduced in plants but also makes emphasis on controversies, deficiencies, and misconceptions that are hampering our present knowledge on the biology of NO in plants. The development of noninvasive accurate tools for the endogenous NO quantitation as well as the implementation of genetic approaches that overcome misleading pharmacological experiments will be critical for getting significant advances in better knowledge of NO homeostasis and regulatory actions in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- José León
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Álvaro Costa-Broseta
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 46022, Valencia, Spain
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8
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Assessment of Subcellular ROS and NO Metabolism in Higher Plants: Multifunctional Signaling Molecules. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8120641. [PMID: 31842380 PMCID: PMC6943533 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8120641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) are produced in all aerobic life forms under both physiological and adverse conditions. Unregulated ROS/NO generation causes nitro-oxidative damage, which has a detrimental impact on the function of essential macromolecules. ROS/NO production is also involved in signaling processes as secondary messengers in plant cells under physiological conditions. ROS/NO generation takes place in different subcellular compartments including chloroplasts, mitochondria, peroxisomes, vacuoles, and a diverse range of plant membranes. This compartmentalization has been identified as an additional cellular strategy for regulating these molecules. This assessment of subcellular ROS/NO metabolisms includes the following processes: ROS/NO generation in different plant cell sites; ROS interactions with other signaling molecules, such as mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), phosphatase, calcium (Ca2+), and activator proteins; redox-sensitive genes regulated by the iron-responsive element/iron regulatory protein (IRE-IRP) system and iron regulatory transporter 1(IRT1); and ROS/NO crosstalk during signal transduction. All these processes highlight the complex relationship between ROS and NO metabolism which needs to be evaluated from a broad perspective.
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9
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A forty year journey: The generation and roles of NO in plants. Nitric Oxide 2019; 93:53-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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10
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Hancock JT. Considerations of the importance of redox state for reactive nitrogen species action. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:4323-4331. [PMID: 30793204 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and other reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are immensely important signalling molecules in plants, being involved in a range of physiological responses. However, the exact way in which NO fits into signal transduction pathways is not always easy to understand. Here, some of the issues that should be considered are discussed. This includes how NO may interact directly with other reactive signals, such as reactive oxygen and sulfur species, how NO metabolism is almost certainly compartmentalized, that threshold levels of RNS may need to be reached to have effects, and how the intracellular redox environment may impact on NO signalling. Until better tools are available to understand how NO is generated in cells, where it accumulates, and to what levels it reaches, it will be hard to get a full understanding of NO signalling. The interaction of RNS metabolism with the intracellular redox environment needs further investigation. A changing redox poise will impact on whether RNS species can thrive in or around cells. Such mechanisms will determine whether specific RNS can indeed control the responses needed by a cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Hancock
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
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11
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Gou M, Liu X, Qu H. The role of nitric oxide in the mechanism of lactic acid bacteria substituting for nitrite. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2019.1621949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengxing Gou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Xuejun Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Hongye Qu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
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12
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Lv SF, Jia MZ, Zhang SS, Han S, Jiang J. The dependence of leaf senescence on the balance between 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate acid synthase 1 (ACS1)-catalysed ACC generation and nitric oxide-associated 1 (NOS1)-dependent NO accumulation in Arabidopsis. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2019; 21:595-603. [PMID: 30734982 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene and nitric oxide (NO) act as endogenous regulators during leaf senescence. Levels of ethylene or its precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate acid (ACC) depend on the activity of ACC synthases (ACS), and NO production is controlled by NO-associated 1 (NOA1). However, the integration mechanisms of ACS and NOA1 activity still need to be explored during leaf senescence. Here, using experimental techniques, such as physiological and molecular detection, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and fluorescence measurement, we investigated the relevant mechanisms. Our observations showed that the loss-of-function acs1-1 mutant ameliorated age- or dark-induced leaf senescence syndrome, such as yellowing and loss of chlorophyll, that acs1-1 reduced ACC accumulation mainly in mature leaves and that acs1-1-promoted NOA1 expression and NO accumulation mainly in juvenile leaves, when compared with the wild type (WT). But the leaf senescence promoted by the NO-deficient noa1 mutant was not involved in ACS1 expression. There was a similar sharp reduction of ACS1 and NOA1 expression with the increase in WT leaf age, and this inflection point appeared in mature leaves and coincided with the onset of leaf senescence. These findings suggest that NOA1-dependent NO accumulation blocked the ACS1-induced onset of leaf senescence, and that ACS1 activity corresponds to the onset of leaf senescence in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-F Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, College of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - M-Z Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, College of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - S-S Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, College of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - S Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, College of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - J Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, College of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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13
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Tewari RK, Horemans N, Nauts R, Wannijn J, Van Hees M, Vandenhove H. The nitric oxide suppressed Arabidopsis mutants- Atnoa1 and Atnia1nia2noa1-2 produce nitric oxide in MS growth medium and on uranium exposure. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 140:9-17. [PMID: 31078053 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The mutants Atnoa1 and Atnia1nia2noa1-2 having a defective chloroplast developmental process, showed enhanced chlorophyll levels when they were grown on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium and on exposure with uranium (U) on Hoagland medium. Thus we hypothesized that these mutants probably produced NO in MS medium and on exposure with U. Wild-type Col-0, Atnoa1, Atnia1nia2noa1-2 plants were cultured on modified Hoagland and 1/10 MS media and NO generation in the roots of these mutants was monitored using NO selective fluorescent dyes, DAF-2DA and Fl2E. Both Atnoa1 and Atnia1nia2noa1-2 triple mutants produced NO as observed by increases in DAF-2T and Fl2E fluorescence when these mutants were grown on MS medium but not on Hoagland medium. In presence of NO scavenger, methylene blue (MB, 200 μM), DAF-2T and Fl2E fluorescence was completely abolished. On the other hand treatment of the plants with 25 μM U triggered NO generation. U-treated Atnoa1 and Atnia1nia2noa1-2 plants upregulated genes (POR B, POR D, CHL D) involved in the chlorophyll biosynthesis. From these results it was concluded that Atnoa1 and Atnia1nia2noa1-2 are conditional NO producers and it appears that NO generation in plants substantially depends on growth medium and NIA1, NIA2 or NOA1 does not appear to be really involved in NO generation in MS medium or after U exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar Tewari
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India; Biosphere Impact Studies, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK•CEN), Boeretang 200, Mol, 2400, Belgium.
| | - Nele Horemans
- Biosphere Impact Studies, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK•CEN), Boeretang 200, Mol, 2400, Belgium; Hasselt University, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Agoralaan Building D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Robin Nauts
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India.
| | - Jean Wannijn
- Biosphere Impact Studies, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK•CEN), Boeretang 200, Mol, 2400, Belgium.
| | - May Van Hees
- Biosphere Impact Studies, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK•CEN), Boeretang 200, Mol, 2400, Belgium.
| | - Hildegarde Vandenhove
- Biosphere Impact Studies, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK•CEN), Boeretang 200, Mol, 2400, Belgium.
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Lu Y, Yao J. Chloroplasts at the Crossroad of Photosynthesis, Pathogen Infection and Plant Defense. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3900. [PMID: 30563149 PMCID: PMC6321325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosynthesis, pathogen infection, and plant defense are three important biological processes that have been investigated separately for decades. Photosynthesis generates ATP, NADPH, and carbohydrates. These resources are utilized for the synthesis of many important compounds, such as primary metabolites, defense-related hormones abscisic acid, ethylene, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid, and antimicrobial compounds. In plants and algae, photosynthesis and key steps in the synthesis of defense-related hormones occur in chloroplasts. In addition, chloroplasts are major generators of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide, and a site for calcium signaling. These signaling molecules are essential to plant defense as well. All plants grown naturally are attacked by pathogens. Bacterial pathogens enter host tissues through natural openings or wounds. Upon invasion, bacterial pathogens utilize a combination of different virulence factors to suppress host defense and promote pathogenicity. On the other hand, plants have developed elaborate defense mechanisms to protect themselves from pathogen infections. This review summarizes recent discoveries on defensive roles of signaling molecules made by plants (primarily in their chloroplasts), counteracting roles of chloroplast-targeted effectors and phytotoxins elicited by bacterial pathogens, and how all these molecules crosstalk and regulate photosynthesis, pathogen infection, and plant defense, using chloroplasts as a major battlefield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA.
| | - Jian Yao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA.
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15
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Düner M, Lambertz J, Mügge C, Hemschemeier A. The soluble guanylate cyclase CYG12 is required for the acclimation to hypoxia and trophic regimes in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 93:311-337. [PMID: 29161457 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Oxygenic phototrophs frequently encounter environmental conditions that result in intracellular energy crises. Growth of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in hypoxia in the light depends on acclimatory responses of which the induction of photosynthetic cyclic electron flow is essential. The microalga cannot grow in the absence of molecular oxygen (O2 ) in the dark, although it possesses an elaborate fermentation metabolism. Not much is known about how the microalga senses and signals the lack of O2 or about its survival strategies during energy crises. Recently, nitric oxide (NO) has emerged to be required for the acclimation of C. reinhardtii to hypoxia. In this study, we show that the soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) CYG12, a homologue of animal NO sensors, is also involved in this response. CYG12 is an active sGC, and post-transcriptional down-regulation of the CYG12 gene impairs hypoxic growth and gene expression in C. reinhardtii. However, it also results in a disturbed photosynthetic apparatus under standard growth conditions and the inability to grow heterotrophically. Transcriptome profiles indicate that the mis-expression of CYG12 results in a perturbation of responses that, in the wild-type, maintain the cellular energy budget. We suggest that CYG12 is required for the proper operation of the photosynthetic apparatus which, in turn, is essential for survival in hypoxia and darkness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melis Düner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Workgroup Photobiotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jan Lambertz
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Workgroup Photobiotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Carolin Mügge
- Junior Research Group for Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Anja Hemschemeier
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Workgroup Photobiotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
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Chang E, Zhang J, Deng N, Yao X, Liu J, Zhao X, Jiang Z, Shi S. Transcriptome differences between 20- and 3,000-year-old Platycladus orientalis reveal that ROS are involved in senescence regulation. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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17
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An update on nitric oxide and its benign role in plant responses under metal stress. Nitric Oxide 2017; 67:39-52. [PMID: 28456602 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pollution due to heavy metal(loid)s has become common menace across the globe. This is due to unprecedented frequent geological changes coupled with increasing anthropogenic activities, and population growth rate. Heavy metals (HMs) presence in the soil causes toxicity, and hampers plant growth and development. Plants being sessile are exposed to a variety of stress and/or a network of different kinds of stresses throughout their life cycle. To sense and transduce these stress signal, the signal reactive nitrogen species (RNS) particularly nitric oxide (NO) is an important secondary messenger next to only reactive oxygen species (ROS). Nitric oxide, a redox active molecule, colourless simple gas, and being a free radical (NO) has the potential in regulating multiple biological signaling responses in a variety of plants. Nitric oxide can counteract HMs-induced ROS, either by direct scavenging or by stimulating antioxidants defense team; therefore, it is also known as secondary antioxidant. The imbalance or cross talk of/between NO and ROS concentration along with antioxidant system leads to nitrosative and oxidative stress, or combination of both i.e., nitro-oxidative stress. Endogenous synthesis of NO also takes place in plants in the presence of heavy metals. During HM stress the different organelles of plant cells can biosynthesize NO in parallel to the ROS, such as in mitochondria, chloroplasts, peroxisomes, cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum and apoplasts. In view of the above, an effort has been made in the present review article to trace current knowledge and latest advances in chemical properties, biological roles, mechanism of NO action along with the physiological, biochemical, and molecular changes that occur in plants under different metal stress. A brief focus is also carried on ROS properties, roles, and their production.
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18
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Diao Q, Song Y, Shi D, Qi H. Interaction of Polyamines, Abscisic Acid, Nitric Oxide, and Hydrogen Peroxide under Chilling Stress in Tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Seedlings. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:203. [PMID: 28261254 PMCID: PMC5306283 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines (PAs) play a vital role in the responses of higher plants to abiotic stresses. However, only a limited number of studies have examined the interplay between PAs and signal molecules. The aim of this study was to elucidate the cross-talk among PAs, abscisic acid (ABA), nitric oxide (NO), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) under chilling stress conditions using tomato seedlings [(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cv. Moneymaker]. The study showed that during chilling stress (4°C; 0, 12, and 24 h), the application of spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm) elevated NO and H2O2 levels, enhanced nitrite reductase (NR), nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-like, and polyamine oxidase activities, and upregulated LeNR relative expression, but did not influence LeNOS1 expression. In contrast, putrescine (Put) treatment had no obvious impact. During the recovery period (25/15°C, 10 h), the above-mentioned parameters induced by the application of PAs were restored to their control levels. Seedlings pretreated with sodium nitroprusside (SNP, an NO donor) showed elevated Put and Spd levels throughout the treatment period, consistent with increased expression in leaves of genes encoding arginine decarboxylase (LeADC. LeADC1), ornithine decarboxylase (LeODC), and Spd synthase (LeSPDS) expressions in tomato leaves throughout the treatment period. Under chilling stress, the Put content increased first, followed by a rise in the Spd content. Exogenously applied SNP did not increase the expression of genes encoding S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (LeSAMDC) and Spm synthase (LeSPMS), consistent with the observation that Spm levels remained constant under chilling stress and during the recovery period. In contrast, exogenous Put significantly increased the ABA content and the 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (LeNCED1) transcript level. Treatment with ABA could alleviate the electrolyte leakage (EL) induced by D-Arg (an inhibitor of Put). Taken together, it is concluded that, under chilling stress, Spd and Spm enhanced the production of NO in tomato seedlings through an H2O2-dependent mechanism, via the NR and NOS-like pathways. ABA is involved in Put-induced tolerance to chilling stress, and NO could increase the content of Put and Spd under chilling stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiannan Diao
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education and Liaoning Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surround Bohai Gulf RegionShenyang, China
| | - Yongjun Song
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education and Liaoning Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surround Bohai Gulf RegionShenyang, China
| | - Dongmei Shi
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education and Liaoning Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surround Bohai Gulf RegionShenyang, China
| | - Hongyan Qi
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education and Liaoning Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surround Bohai Gulf RegionShenyang, China
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19
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Diao QN, Song YJ, Shi DM, Qi HY. Nitric oxide induced by polyamines involves antioxidant systems against chilling stress in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seedling. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2016. [PMID: 27921397 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b160010200425-010-1130-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines (PAs) and nitric oxide (NO) are vital signals in modulating plant response to abiotic stress. However, to our knowledge, studies on the relationship between NO and PAs in response to cold stress in tomato are limited. Accordingly, in this study, we investigated the effects of putrescine (Put) and spermidine (Spd) on NO generation and the function of Spd-induced NO in the tolerance of tomato seedling under chilling stress. Spd increased NO release via the nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-like and nitrate reductase (NR) enzymatic pathways in the seedlings, whereas Put had no such effect. Moreover, H2O2 might act as an upstream signal to stimulate NO production. Both exogenous NO donor (sodium nitroprusside (SNP)) and Spd enhanced chilling tolerance in tomato, thereby protecting the photosynthetic system from damage. Compared to chilling treatment alone, Spd enhanced the gene expressions of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and their enzyme activities in tomato leaves. However, a scavenger or inhibitor of NO abolished Spd-induced chilling tolerance and blocked the increased expression and activity due to Spd of these antioxidant enzymes in tomato leaves under chilling stress. The results showed that NO induced by Spd plays a crucial role in tomato's response to chilling stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Nan Diao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surround Bohai Gulf Region, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education and Liaoning Province, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yong-Jun Song
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surround Bohai Gulf Region, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education and Liaoning Province, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Dong-Mei Shi
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surround Bohai Gulf Region, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education and Liaoning Province, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Hong-Yan Qi
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surround Bohai Gulf Region, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education and Liaoning Province, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
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20
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Diao QN, Song YJ, Shi DM, Qi HY. Nitric oxide induced by polyamines involves antioxidant systems against chilling stress in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seedling. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2016; 17:916-930. [PMID: 27921397 PMCID: PMC5172597 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1600102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Polyamines (PAs) and nitric oxide (NO) are vital signals in modulating plant response to abiotic stress. However, to our knowledge, studies on the relationship between NO and PAs in response to cold stress in tomato are limited. Accordingly, in this study, we investigated the effects of putrescine (Put) and spermidine (Spd) on NO generation and the function of Spd-induced NO in the tolerance of tomato seedling under chilling stress. Spd increased NO release via the nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-like and nitrate reductase (NR) enzymatic pathways in the seedlings, whereas Put had no such effect. Moreover, H2O2 might act as an upstream signal to stimulate NO production. Both exogenous NO donor (sodium nitroprusside (SNP)) and Spd enhanced chilling tolerance in tomato, thereby protecting the photosynthetic system from damage. Compared to chilling treatment alone, Spd enhanced the gene expressions of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and their enzyme activities in tomato leaves. However, a scavenger or inhibitor of NO abolished Spd-induced chilling tolerance and blocked the increased expression and activity due to Spd of these antioxidant enzymes in tomato leaves under chilling stress. The results showed that NO induced by Spd plays a crucial role in tomato's response to chilling stress.
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21
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Hussain A, Mun BG, Imran QM, Lee SU, Adamu TA, Shahid M, Kim KM, Yun BW. Nitric Oxide Mediated Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Activation of Multiple Regulatory Pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:975. [PMID: 27446194 PMCID: PMC4926318 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Imbalance between the accumulation and removal of nitric oxide and its derivatives is a challenge faced by all plants at the cellular level, and is especially important under stress conditions. Exposure of plants to various biotic and abiotic stresses causes rapid changes in cellular redox tone potentiated by the rise in reactive nitrogen species that serve as signaling molecules in mediating defensive responses. To understand mechanisms mediated by these signaling molecules, we performed a large-scale analysis of the Arabidopsis transcriptome induced by nitrosative stress. We generated an average of 84 and 91 million reads from three replicates each of control and 1 mM S-nitrosocysteine (CysNO)-infiltrated Arabidopsis leaf samples, respectively. After alignment, more than 95% of all reads successfully mapped to the reference and 32,535 genes and 55,682 transcripts were obtained. CysNO infiltration caused differential expression of 6436 genes (3448 up-regulated and 2988 down-regulated) and 6214 transcripts (3335 up-regulated and 2879 down-regulated) 6 h post-infiltration. These differentially expressed genes were found to be involved in key physiological processes, including plant defense against various biotic and abiotic stresses, hormone signaling, and other developmental processes. After quantile normalization of the FPKM values followed by student's T-test (P < 0.05) we identified 1165 DEGs (463 up-regulated and 702 down-regulated) with at least 2-folds change in expression after CysNO treatment. Expression patterns of selected genes involved in various biological pathways were verified using quantitative real-time PCR. This study provides comprehensive information about plant responses to nitrosative stress at transcript level and would prove helpful in understanding and incorporating mechanisms associated with nitrosative stress responses in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Hussain
- Department of Agriculture, Abdul Wali Khan University MardanMardan, Pakistan
- Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics, School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu, South Korea
| | - Bong-Gyu Mun
- Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics, School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu, South Korea
| | - Qari M. Imran
- Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics, School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu, South Korea
| | - Sang-Uk Lee
- Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics, School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu, South Korea
| | - Teferi A. Adamu
- Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics, School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu, South Korea
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics, School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Min Kim
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu, South Korea
| | - Byung-Wook Yun
- Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics, School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu, South Korea
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22
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Galatro A, Puntarulo S. Measurement of Nitric Oxide (NO) Generation Rate by Chloroplasts Employing Electron Spin Resonance (ESR). Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1424:103-112. [PMID: 27094414 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3600-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts are among the more active organelles involved in free energy transduction in plants (photophosphorylation). Nitric oxide (NO) generation by soybean (Glycine max, var ADM 4800) chloroplasts was measured as an endogenous product assessed by electron paramagnetic resonance (ESR) spin-trapping technique. ESR spectroscopy is a methodology employed to detect species with unpaired electrons (paramagnetic). This technology has been successfully applied to different plant tissues and subcellular compartments to asses both, NO content and generation. The spin trap MGD-Fe(2+) is extensively employed to efficiently detect NO. Here, we describe a simple methodology to asses NO generation rate by isolated chloroplasts in the presence of either L-Arginine or nitrite (NO2 (-)) as substrates, since these compounds are required for enzymatic activities considered as the possible sources of NO generation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Galatro
- Physical Chemistry-Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (IBIMOL), School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires-CONICET, Junín, 956, C1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Susana Puntarulo
- Physical Chemistry-Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (IBIMOL), School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires-CONICET, Junín, 956, C1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Simontacchi M, Galatro A, Ramos-Artuso F, Santa-María GE. Plant Survival in a Changing Environment: The Role of Nitric Oxide in Plant Responses to Abiotic Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:977. [PMID: 26617619 PMCID: PMC4637419 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide in plants may originate endogenously or come from surrounding atmosphere and soil. Interestingly, this gaseous free radical is far from having a constant level and varies greatly among tissues depending on a given plant's ontogeny and environmental fluctuations. Proper plant growth, vegetative development, and reproduction require the integration of plant hormonal activity with the antioxidant network, as well as the maintenance of concentration of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species within a narrow range. Plants are frequently faced with abiotic stress conditions such as low nutrient availability, salinity, drought, high ultraviolet (UV) radiation and extreme temperatures, which can influence developmental processes and lead to growth restriction making adaptive responses the plant's priority. The ability of plants to respond and survive under environmental-stress conditions involves sensing and signaling events where nitric oxide becomes a critical component mediating hormonal actions, interacting with reactive oxygen species, and modulating gene expression and protein activity. This review focuses on the current knowledge of the role of nitric oxide in adaptive plant responses to some specific abiotic stress conditions, particularly low mineral nutrient supply, drought, salinity and high UV-B radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Simontacchi
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad Nacional de La Plata–Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y TécnicasLa Plata, Argentina
| | - Andrea Galatro
- Physical Chemistry – Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires–Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y TécnicasBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Facundo Ramos-Artuso
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad Nacional de La Plata–Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y TécnicasLa Plata, Argentina
| | - Guillermo E. Santa-María
- Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas–Universidad Nacional de San MartínChascomús, Argentina
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Krasuska U, Dębska K, Otulak K, Bogatek R, Gniazdowska A. Switch from heterotrophy to autotrophy of apple cotyledons depends on NO signal. PLANTA 2015; 242:1221-36. [PMID: 26186967 PMCID: PMC4568022 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2361-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
NO accelerates transition of germinated embryos from heterotrophy to autotrophy by stimulation of chloroplasts maturation. NO-mediated autotrophy of apple seedlings correlates to increased content of RuBisCO small subunit and improvement of parameters of chlorophyll a fluorescence. Nitric oxide (NO) acts as signaling molecule involved in regulation of various physiological processes in plants, although its involvement in cotyledons greening is poorly recognized. To identify the importance of NO signal for plant growth and development we investigated the effects of short-term application of NO at various developmental stages of seedlings of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) on cotyledons' chlorophyll a to b ratio, chlorophyll a fluorescence, photosynthetic activity, carbohydrates and RuBisCO both subunits content. NO-dependent biochemical alterations were linked to cytological observation of developing plastids in cotyledons of apple plants. Abnormal plantlets developing from dormant apple embryos are characterized by anatomical malformations of cotyledons. Short-term pre-treatment with NO of isolated embryos or seedlings with developmental anomalies resulted in formation of plants with cotyledons of equal size and chlorophyll content; these responses were blocked by NO scavenger. NO independently of time point of application accelerated embryos transition from heterotrophy to autotrophy by stimulation of photosynthetic activity, improvement of parameters of chlorophyll a fluorescence (F v/F m, F v/F 0) and increased content of RuBisCO small subunit. Further analysis showed that NO application modified glucose and hydrogen peroxide concentration in cotyledons. Beneficial effect of NO on development of seedlings without any abnormalities was manifested at ultrastructural level by decline in amount of proplastids and induction of formation and maturation of chloroplasts. Our data suggest that progress of autotrophy of young seedlings is governed by NO acting as stimulator of chloroplast-to-nucleus signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Krasuska
- Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska Str. 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Karolina Dębska
- Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska Str. 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Otulak
- Department of Botany, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska Str. 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Renata Bogatek
- Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska Str. 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Gniazdowska
- Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska Str. 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
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25
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Moyo M, Aremu AO, Van Staden J. Insights into the multifaceted application of microscopic techniques in plant tissue culture systems. PLANTA 2015; 242:773-790. [PMID: 26162927 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2359-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Microscopic techniques remain an integral tool which has allowed for the better understanding and manipulation of in vitro plant culture systems. The recent advancements will inevitably help to unlock the long-standing mysteries of fundamental biological mechanisms of plant cells. Beyond the classical applications in micropropagation aimed at the conservation of endangered and elite commercial genotypes, plant cell, tissue and organ cultures have become a platform for elucidating a myriad of fundamental physiological and developmental processes. In conjunction with microscopic techniques, in vitro culture technology has been at the centre of important breakthroughs in plant growth and development. Applications of microscopy and plant tissue culture have included elucidation of growth and development processes, detection of in vitro-induced physiological disorders as well as subcellular localization using fluorescent protein probes. Light and electron microscopy have been widely used in confirming the bipolarity of somatic embryos during somatic embryogenesis. The technique highlights basic anatomical, structural and histological evidence for in vitro-induced physiological disorders during plant growth and development. In this review, we discuss some significant biological insights in plant growth and development, breakthroughs and limitations of various microscopic applications and the exciting possibilities offered by emergent in vivo live imaging and fluorescent protein engineering technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mack Moyo
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa
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Bobik K, Burch-Smith TM. Chloroplast signaling within, between and beyond cells. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:781. [PMID: 26500659 PMCID: PMC4593955 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The most conspicuous function of plastids is the oxygenic photosynthesis of chloroplasts, yet plastids are super-factories that produce a plethora of compounds that are indispensable for proper plant physiology and development. Given their origins as free-living prokaryotes, it is not surprising that plastids possess their own genomes whose expression is essential to plastid function. This semi-autonomous character of plastids requires the existence of sophisticated regulatory mechanisms that provide reliable communication between them and other cellular compartments. Such intracellular signaling is necessary for coordinating whole-cell responses to constantly varying environmental cues and cellular metabolic needs. This is achieved by plastids acting as receivers and transmitters of specific signals that coordinate expression of the nuclear and plastid genomes according to particular needs. In this review we will consider the so-called retrograde signaling occurring between plastids and nuclei, and between plastids and other organelles. Another important role of the plastid we will discuss is the involvement of plastid signaling in biotic and abiotic stress that, in addition to influencing retrograde signaling, has direct effects on several cellular compartments including the cell wall. We will also review recent evidence pointing to an intriguing function of chloroplasts in regulating intercellular symplasmic transport. Finally, we consider an intriguing yet less widely known aspect of plant biology, chloroplast signaling from the perspective of the entire plant. Thus, accumulating evidence highlights that chloroplasts, with their complex signaling pathways, provide a mechanism for exquisite regulation of plant development, metabolism and responses to the environment. As chloroplast processes are targeted for engineering for improved productivity the effect of such modifications on chloroplast signaling will have to be carefully considered in order to avoid unintended consequences on plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tessa M. Burch-Smith
- *Correspondence: Tessa M. Burch-Smith, Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, 1414 Cumberland Avenue, M407 Walters Life Science, Knoxville, TN 37932, USA,
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Chaki M, Kovacs I, Spannagl M, Lindermayr C. Computational prediction of candidate proteins for S-nitrosylation in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110232. [PMID: 25333472 PMCID: PMC4204854 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signaling molecule that regulates many physiological processes in plants. One of the most important regulatory mechanisms of NO is S-nitrosylation-the covalent attachment of NO to cysteine residues. Although the involvement of cysteine S-nitrosylation in the regulation of protein functions is well established, its substrate specificity remains unknown. Identification of candidates for S-nitrosylation and their target cysteine residues is fundamental for studying the molecular mechanisms and regulatory roles of S-nitrosylation in plants. Several experimental methods that are based on the biotin switch have been developed to identify target proteins for S-nitrosylation. However, these methods have their limits. Thus, computational methods are attracting considerable attention for the identification of modification sites in proteins. Using GPS-SNO version 1.0, a recently developed S-nitrosylation site-prediction program, a set of 16,610 candidate proteins for S-nitrosylation containing 31,900 S-nitrosylation sites was isolated from the entire Arabidopsis proteome using the medium threshold. In the compartments "chloroplast," "CUL4-RING ubiquitin ligase complex," and "membrane" more than 70% of the proteins were identified as candidates for S-nitrosylation. The high number of identified candidates in the proteome reflects the importance of redox signaling in these compartments. An analysis of the functional distribution of the predicted candidates showed that proteins involved in signaling processes exhibited the highest prediction rate. In a set of 46 proteins, where 53 putative S-nitrosylation sites were already experimentally determined, the GPS-SNO program predicted 60 S-nitrosylation sites, but only 11 overlap with the results of the experimental approach. In general, a computer-assisted method for the prediction of targets for S-nitrosylation is a very good tool; however, further development, such as including the three dimensional structure of proteins in such analyses, would improve the identification of S-nitrosylation sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounira Chaki
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Izabella Kovacs
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Manuel Spannagl
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Lindermayr
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
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Bergareche C, Moysset L, Angelo AP, Chellik S, Simón E. Nitric-oxide inhibits nyctinastic closure through cGMP in Albizia lophantha leaflets. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 171:1299-1305. [PMID: 25014265 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a highly reactive radical that acts as a direct or indirect cellular signalling molecule in plant growth, development and environmental responses. Here we studied the contribution of NO to the control of leaflet movements during nyctinastic closure. For this purpose, we tested the effect of NO donors and an NO scavenger, all supplied in light, on Albizia lophantha leaflet closure after transferral to darkness. Exogenous NO, applied as four donors [sodium nitroprusside (SNP), diethylammonium (Z)-1-(N,N-diethylamino) diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate (DEA-NONOate), S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) and S-nitrosoglutathione (GS-NO)], inhibited nyctinastic leaflet closure while the application of an NO scavenger [2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO)] plus SNP cancelled the effect of the latter. The inclusion of Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) or sodium tungstate in the incubation media enhanced nyctinastic closure and also resulted in a decrease in the nitrate plus nitrite released by leaflets into the incubation solution. These results support the notion that NO is involved in regulating the nyctinastic closure of A. lophantha leaflets. Cellular perception of NO did not appear to be mediated by calcium. Pharmacological application of inhibitors of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) [1H-[1,2,4]-oxadiazole-[4,3-a]-quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) and 6-anilino-5,8-quinolinequinone (Ly83583)], phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) (Sildenafil) and the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) analogue 8-bromoguanosine-3',5'-cyclomonophosphate sodium salt (8-Br-cGMP) indicated that cGMP was downstream of the NO signalling cascade during nyctinastic closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Bergareche
- Plant Biology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Luisa Moysset
- Plant Biology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alcira Paola Angelo
- Plant Biology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Samira Chellik
- Plant Biology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Simón
- Plant Biology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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29
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Corpas FJ, Barroso JB. Peroxisomal plant nitric oxide synthase (NOS) protein is imported by peroxisomal targeting signal type 2 (PTS2) in a process that depends on the cytosolic receptor PEX7 and calmodulin. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:2049-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Misra AN, Vladkova R, Singh R, Misra M, Dobrikova AG, Apostolova EL. Action and target sites of nitric oxide in chloroplasts. Nitric Oxide 2014; 39:35-45. [PMID: 24731839 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signalling molecule in plants under physiological and stress conditions. Here we review the influence of NO on chloroplasts which can be directly induced by interaction with the photosynthetic apparatus by influencing photophosphorylation, electron transport activity and oxido-reduction state of the Mn clusters of the oxygen-evolving complex or by changes in gene expression. The influence of NO-induced changes in the photosynthetic apparatus on its functions and sensitivity to stress factors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarendra N Misra
- Centre for Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ratu Lohardaga Road, Brambe, Ranchi 435020, India.
| | - Radka Vladkova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl.21, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Ranjeet Singh
- Centre for Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ratu Lohardaga Road, Brambe, Ranchi 435020, India
| | - Meena Misra
- Centre for Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ratu Lohardaga Road, Brambe, Ranchi 435020, India
| | - Anelia G Dobrikova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl.21, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Emilia L Apostolova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl.21, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa B. Maia
- REQUIMTE/CQFB, Departamento
de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - José J. G. Moura
- REQUIMTE/CQFB, Departamento
de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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32
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Corpas FJ, Barroso JB. Peroxynitrite (ONOO-) is endogenously produced in arabidopsis peroxisomes and is overproduced under cadmium stress. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2014; 113:87-96. [PMID: 24232384 PMCID: PMC3864731 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mct260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Peroxisomes are subcellular compartments involved in multiple cellular metabolic pathways. Peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) is a nitric oxide-derived molecule which is a nitrating species that causes nitration of proteins. This study used cell biology techniques to explore the potential presence of peroxynitrite in peroxisomes and evaluated its content under stress conditions (excess cadmium). METHODS Peroxynitrite, nitric oxide and superoxide anion were studied using cell-permeable specific fluorescent probes by confocal laser scanning microscopy in Arabidopsis thaliana transgenic plants expressing cyan fluorescent protein through the addition of peroxisomal targeting signal 1 (PTS1), which enables peroxisomes to be visualized in vivo. Key Results When no stress was applied, peroxynitrite was clearly localized in the peroxisomes of roots and stomatal guard cells. Under cadmium (150 μm) stress, the generation of peroxynitrite, nitric oxide and the superoxide anion (O2(·-)) increased and was localized in peroxisomes and the cytosol, participating in the generation of nitro-oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS The results show that peroxisomes are an endogenous source of peroxynitrite, which is over-produced under cadmium stress, suggesting that the metabolism of reactive nitrogen species in peroxisomes could participate in the mechanism of the response to this heavy metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Corpas
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Celular y Molecular de Plantas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, E-18080 Granada, Spain
- For correspondence. E-mail
| | - Juan B. Barroso
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Campus Universitario “Las Lagunillas” s/n, Universidad de Jaén, E-23071 Jaén, Spain
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33
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Wei L, Derrien B, Gautier A, Houille-Vernes L, Boulouis A, Saint-Marcoux D, Malnoë A, Rappaport F, de Vitry C, Vallon O, Choquet Y, Wollman FA. Nitric oxide-triggered remodeling of chloroplast bioenergetics and thylakoid proteins upon nitrogen starvation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:353-72. [PMID: 24474630 PMCID: PMC3963581 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.113.120121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Starving microalgae for nitrogen sources is commonly used as a biotechnological tool to boost storage of reduced carbon into starch granules or lipid droplets, but the accompanying changes in bioenergetics have been little studied so far. Here, we report that the selective depletion of Rubisco and cytochrome b6f complex that occurs when Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is starved for nitrogen in the presence of acetate and under normoxic conditions is accompanied by a marked increase in chlororespiratory enzymes, which converts the photosynthetic thylakoid membrane into an intracellular matrix for oxidative catabolism of reductants. Cytochrome b6f subunits and most proteins specifically involved in their biogenesis are selectively degraded, mainly by the FtsH and Clp chloroplast proteases. This regulated degradation pathway does not require light, active photosynthesis, or state transitions but is prevented when respiration is impaired or under phototrophic conditions. We provide genetic and pharmacological evidence that NO production from intracellular nitrite governs this degradation pathway: Addition of a NO scavenger and of two distinct NO producers decrease and increase, respectively, the rate of cytochrome b6f degradation; NO-sensitive fluorescence probes, visualized by confocal microscopy, demonstrate that nitrogen-starved cells produce NO only when the cytochrome b6f degradation pathway is activated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wei
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141,
CNRS/Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Institut de Biologie
Physico-Chimique, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Benoit Derrien
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141,
CNRS/Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Institut de Biologie
Physico-Chimique, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Gautier
- École Normale Supérieure,
Département de Chimie, Unité Mixte de Recherche, CNRS–Ecole
Normale Supérieure–Université Pierre et Marie Curie 8640,
75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Laura Houille-Vernes
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141,
CNRS/Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Institut de Biologie
Physico-Chimique, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Alix Boulouis
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141,
CNRS/Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Institut de Biologie
Physico-Chimique, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Denis Saint-Marcoux
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141,
CNRS/Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Institut de Biologie
Physico-Chimique, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Alizée Malnoë
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141,
CNRS/Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Institut de Biologie
Physico-Chimique, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Rappaport
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141,
CNRS/Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Institut de Biologie
Physico-Chimique, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Catherine de Vitry
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141,
CNRS/Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Institut de Biologie
Physico-Chimique, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Vallon
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141,
CNRS/Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Institut de Biologie
Physico-Chimique, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Yves Choquet
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141,
CNRS/Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Institut de Biologie
Physico-Chimique, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Francis-André Wollman
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141,
CNRS/Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Institut de Biologie
Physico-Chimique, F-75005 Paris, France
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34
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Groß F, Durner J, Gaupels F. Nitric oxide, antioxidants and prooxidants in plant defence responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:419. [PMID: 24198820 PMCID: PMC3812536 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In plant cells the free radical nitric oxide (NO) interacts both with anti- as well as prooxidants. This review provides a short survey of the central roles of ascorbate and glutathione-the latter alone or in conjunction with S-nitrosoglutathione reductase-in controlling NO bioavailability. Other major topics include the regulation of antioxidant enzymes by NO and the interplay between NO and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Under stress conditions NO regulates antioxidant enzymes at the level of activity and gene expression, which can cause either enhancement or reduction of the cellular redox status. For instance chronic NO production during salt stress induced the antioxidant system thereby increasing salt tolerance in various plants. In contrast, rapid NO accumulation in response to strong stress stimuli was occasionally linked to inhibition of antioxidant enzymes and a subsequent rise in hydrogen peroxide levels. Moreover, during incompatible Arabidopsis thaliana-Pseudomonas syringae interactions ROS burst and cell death progression were shown to be terminated by S-nitrosylation-triggered inhibition of NADPH oxidases, further highlighting the multiple roles of NO during redox-signaling. In chemical reactions between NO and ROS reactive nitrogen species (RNS) arise with characteristics different from their precursors. Recently, peroxynitrite formed by the reaction of NO with superoxide has attracted much attention. We will describe putative functions of this molecule and other NO derivatives in plant cells. Non-symbiotic hemoglobins (nsHb) were proposed to act in NO degradation. Additionally, like other oxidases nsHb is also capable of catalyzing protein nitration through a nitrite- and hydrogen peroxide-dependent process. The physiological significance of the described findings under abiotic and biotic stress conditions will be discussed with a special emphasis on pathogen-induced programmed cell death (PCD).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Frank Gaupels
- German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz-Zentrum MünchenMunich, Germany
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35
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Wang Y, Loake GJ, Chu C. Cross-talk of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species in plant programed cell death. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:314. [PMID: 23967004 PMCID: PMC3744911 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In plants, programed cell death (PCD) is an important mechanism to regulate multiple aspects of growth and development, as well as to remove damaged or infected cells during responses to environmental stresses and pathogen attacks. Under biotic and abiotic stresses, plant cells exhibit a rapid synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) and a parallel accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Frequently, these responses trigger a PCD process leading to an intrinsic execution of plant cells. The accumulating evidence suggests that both NO and ROS play key roles in PCD. These redox active small molecules can trigger cell death either independently or synergistically. Here we summarize the recent progress on the cross-talk of NO and ROS signals in the hypersensitive response, leaf senescence, and other kinds of plant PCD caused by diverse cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gary J. Loake
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, UK
| | - Chengcai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, People’s Republic of China
- *Correspondence: Chengcai Chu, State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China e-mail:
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Hawkins TD, Davy SK. Nitric oxide and coral bleaching: is peroxynitrite generation required for symbiosis collapse? J Exp Biol 2013; 216:3185-8. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.087510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Summary
The temperature-induced collapse ("bleaching") of the coral-dinoflagellate symbiosis is hypothesised to result from symbiont oxidative stress and a subsequent host innate immune-like response. This includes the production of nitric oxide (NO), which is involved in numerous microbial symbioses. Much of NO's cytotoxicity has been attributed to its conversion, in the presence of superoxide (O2-), to highly reactive peroxynitrite (ONOO-). However, ONOO- generation has yet to be observed in either a lower invertebrate or intracellular mutualism. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy with the fluorescent ONOO- indicator aminophenyl fluorescein (APF), we observed strong evidence that ONOO- is generated in symbiotic Aiptasia pulchella under conditions known to induce thermal bleaching. However, a role for ONOO- in bleaching remains unclear as treatment with a peroxynitrite scavenger had no significant effect on thermal bleaching. Therefore, while ONOO- may have a potential for cytotoxicity, in vivo levels of the compound may be insufficient to affect bleaching.
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Adamakis IDS, Panteris E, Eleftheriou EP. Tungsten Toxicity in Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2012; 1:82-99. [PMID: 27137642 PMCID: PMC4844263 DOI: 10.3390/plants1020082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tungsten (W) is a rare heavy metal, widely used in a range of industrial, military and household applications due to its unique physical properties. These activities inevitably have accounted for local W accumulation at high concentrations, raising concerns about its effects for living organisms. In plants, W has primarily been used as an inhibitor of the molybdoenzymes, since it antagonizes molybdenum (Mo) for the Mo-cofactor (MoCo) of these enzymes. However, recent advances indicate that, beyond Mo-enzyme inhibition, W has toxic attributes similar with those of other heavy metals. These include hindering of seedling growth, reduction of root and shoot biomass, ultrastructural malformations of cell components, aberration of cell cycle, disruption of the cytoskeleton and deregulation of gene expression related with programmed cell death (PCD). In this article, the recent available information on W toxicity in plants and plant cells is reviewed, and the knowledge gaps and the most pertinent research directions are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emmanuel Panteris
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Eleftherios P Eleftheriou
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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