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Xia X, Liu L, Cai K, Song X, Yue W, Wang J. A splicing site change between exon 5 and 6 of the nuclear-encoded chloroplast-localized HvYGL8 gene results in reduced chlorophyll content and plant height in barley. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1327246. [PMID: 38192692 PMCID: PMC10773589 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1327246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The chloroplast is an important cellular organelle and metabolic hub, which is not only responsible for plant photosynthesis but is also involved in the de novo biosynthesis of pigments, fatty acids, and hormone metabolisms. Several genes that are responsible for rice leaf color variations have been reported to be directly or indirectly involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development, whereas a few genes have been functionally confirmed to be responsible for leaf color changes in barley at the molecular level. In this study, we obtained a yellow leaf and dwarf ygl8 mutant from the progeny of Morex (a variety of barley) seeds treated with EMS. We performed bulked-segregant analysis (BSA) and RNA-seq analysis and targeted a UMP kinase encoding gene, YGL8, which generated a splicing site change between exon 5 and 6 of YGL8 due to a G to A single-nucleotide transition in the 5th exon/intron junction in the ygl8 mutant. The splicing site change between exon 5 and 6 of YGL8 had no effects on chloroplast subcellular localization but resulted in an additional loop in the UMP kinase domain, which might disturb the access of the substrates. On one hand, the splicing site change between exon 5 and 6 of YGL8 downregulated the transcriptional expression of chloroplast-encoded genes and chlorophyll-biosynthesis-related genes in a temperature-dependent manner in the ygl8 mutant. On the other hand, the downregulation of bioactive GA-biosynthesis-related GA20ox genes and cell-wall-cellulose-biosynthesis-related CesA genes was also observed in the ygl8 mutant, which led to a reduction in plant height. Our study will facilitate the understanding of the regulation of leaf color and plant height in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Xia
- Key Laboratory of Digital Dry Land Crops of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Barley Improvement Center, Hangzhou, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Digital Dry Land Crops of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Barley Improvement Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kangfeng Cai
- Key Laboratory of Digital Dry Land Crops of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Barley Improvement Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiujuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Digital Dry Land Crops of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Barley Improvement Center, Hangzhou, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenhao Yue
- Key Laboratory of Digital Dry Land Crops of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Barley Improvement Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Digital Dry Land Crops of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Barley Improvement Center, Hangzhou, China
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Qiao L, Wu Q, Yuan L, Huang X, Yang Y, Li Q, Shahzad N, Li H, Li W. SMALL PLANT AND ORGAN 1 ( SPO1) Encoding a Cellulose Synthase-like Protein D4 (OsCSLD4) Is an Important Regulator for Plant Architecture and Organ Size in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16974. [PMID: 38069299 PMCID: PMC10707047 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant architecture and organ size are considered as important traits in crop breeding and germplasm improvement. Although several factors affecting plant architecture and organ size have been identified in rice, the genetic and regulatory mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Here, we identified and characterized the small plant and organ 1 (spo1) mutant in rice (Oryza sativa), which exhibits narrow and rolled leaf, reductions in plant height, root length, and grain width, and other morphological defects. Map-based cloning revealed that SPO1 is allelic with OsCSLD4, a gene encoding the cellulose synthase-like protein D4, and is highly expressed in the roots at the seedling and tillering stages. Microscopic observation revealed the spo1 mutant had reduced number and width in leaf veins, smaller size of leaf bulliform cells, reduced cell length and cell area in the culm, and decreased width of epidermal cells in the outer glume of the grain. These results indicate the role of SPO1 in modulating cell division and cell expansion, which modulates plant architecture and organ size. It is showed that the contents of endogenous hormones including auxin, abscisic acid, gibberellin, and zeatin tested in the spo1 mutant were significantly altered, compared to the wild type. Furthermore, the transcriptome analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are significantly enriched in the pathways associated with plant hormone signal transduction, cell cycle progression, and cell wall formation. These results indicated that the loss of SPO1/OsCSLD4 function disrupted cell wall cellulose synthase and hormones homeostasis and signaling, thus leading to smaller plant and organ size in spo1. Taken together, we suggest the functional role of SPO1/OsCSLD4 in the control of rice plant and organ size by modulating cell division and expansion, likely through the effects of multiple hormonal pathways on cell wall formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China (X.H.); (Y.Y.); (Q.L.); (N.S.)
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Qilong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China (X.H.); (Y.Y.); (Q.L.); (N.S.)
| | - Liuzhen Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China (X.H.); (Y.Y.); (Q.L.); (N.S.)
| | - Xudong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China (X.H.); (Y.Y.); (Q.L.); (N.S.)
| | - Yutao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China (X.H.); (Y.Y.); (Q.L.); (N.S.)
| | - Qinying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China (X.H.); (Y.Y.); (Q.L.); (N.S.)
| | - Nida Shahzad
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China (X.H.); (Y.Y.); (Q.L.); (N.S.)
| | - Haifeng Li
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Wenqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China (X.H.); (Y.Y.); (Q.L.); (N.S.)
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Yao G, Zhang H, Leng B, Cao B, Shan J, Yan Z, Guan H, Cheng W, Liu X, Mu C. A large deletion conferring pale green leaves of maize. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:360. [PMID: 37452313 PMCID: PMC10347855 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04360-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The structural basis of chloroplast and the regulation of chloroplast biogenesis remain largely unknown in maize. Gene mutations in these pathways have been linked to the abnormal leaf color phenotype observed in some mutants. Large scale structure variants (SVs) are crucial for genome evolution, but few validated SVs have been reported in maize and little is known about their functions though they are abundant in maize genomes. RESULTS In this research, a spontaneous maize mutant, pale green leaf-shandong (pgl-sd), was studied. Genetic analysis showed that the phenotype of pale green leaf was controlled by a recessive Mendel factor mapped to a 156.8-kb interval on the chromosome 1 delineated by molecular markers gy546 and gy548. There were 7 annotated genes in this interval. Reverse transcription quantitative PCR analysis, SV prediction, and de novo assembly of pgl-sd genome revealed that a 137.8-kb deletion, which was verified by Sanger sequencing, might cause the pgl-sd phenotype. This deletion contained 5 annotated genes, three of which, including Zm00001eb031870, Zm00001eb031890 and Zm00001eb031900, were possibly related to the chloroplast development. Zm00001eb031870, encoding a Degradation of Periplasmic Proteins (Deg) homolog, and Zm00001eb031900, putatively encoding a plastid pyruvate dehydrogenase complex E1 component subunit beta (ptPDC-E1-β), might be the major causative genes for the pgl-sd mutant phenotype. Plastid Degs play roles in protecting the vital photosynthetic machinery and ptPDCs provide acetyl-CoA and NADH for fatty acid biosynthesis in plastids, which were different from functions of other isolated maize leaf color associated genes. The other two genes in the deletion were possibly associated with DNA repair and disease resistance, respectively. The pgl-sd mutation decreased contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids by 37.2%, 22.1%, and 59.8%, respectively, and led to abnormal chloroplast. RNA-seq revealed that the transcription of several other genes involved in the structure and function of chloroplast was affected in the mutant. CONCLUSIONS It was identified that a 137.8-kb deletion causes the pgl-sd phenotype. Three genes in this deletion were possibly related to the chloroplast development, which may play roles different from that of other isolated maize leaf color associated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqi Yao
- Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Northern Yellow-Huai River Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, 250100, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Maize, Jinan, 250100, China
- National Maize Improvement Sub-Center, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Northern Yellow-Huai River Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, 250100, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Maize, Jinan, 250100, China
- National Maize Improvement Sub-Center, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Bingying Leng
- Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Northern Yellow-Huai River Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, 250100, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Maize, Jinan, 250100, China
- National Maize Improvement Sub-Center, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Bing Cao
- Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Northern Yellow-Huai River Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, 250100, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Maize, Jinan, 250100, China
- National Maize Improvement Sub-Center, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Juan Shan
- Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Northern Yellow-Huai River Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, 250100, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Maize, Jinan, 250100, China
- National Maize Improvement Sub-Center, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Zhenwei Yan
- Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Northern Yellow-Huai River Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, 250100, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Maize, Jinan, 250100, China
- National Maize Improvement Sub-Center, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Haiying Guan
- Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Northern Yellow-Huai River Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, 250100, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Maize, Jinan, 250100, China
- National Maize Improvement Sub-Center, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Wen Cheng
- Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Northern Yellow-Huai River Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, 250100, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Maize, Jinan, 250100, China
- National Maize Improvement Sub-Center, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Northern Yellow-Huai River Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, 250100, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Maize, Jinan, 250100, China.
- National Maize Improvement Sub-Center, Jinan, 250100, China.
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Chunhua Mu
- Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Northern Yellow-Huai River Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, 250100, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Maize, Jinan, 250100, China.
- National Maize Improvement Sub-Center, Jinan, 250100, China.
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Wang Q, Yang S, Fan M, Feng P, Zhu L, Chen H, Wang J. A natural variation in the promoter of GRA117 affects carbon assimilation in rice. PLANTA 2023; 257:77. [PMID: 36894728 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04109-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
GRA117 is crucial in the process of carbon assimilation in rice as it regulates the development of chloroplasts, which in turn facilitates the Calvin-Benson cycle. Carbon assimilation is a critical process for plant growth, and despite numerous relevant studies, there are still unknown constraints. In this study, we isolated a rice mutant, gra117, which exhibited seedling albinism, delayed chloroplast development, decreased chlorophyll content, reduced yield, and seedling stress susceptibility, as compared to WT. Our further investigations revealed that gra117 had a significantly lower net photosynthetic carbon assimilation rate, as well as reduced levels of Rubisco enzyme activity, RUBP, PGA, carbohydrate, protein content, and dry matter accumulation. These findings provide evidence for decreased carbon assimilation in gra117. By mapping cloning, we discovered a 665 bp insertion in the GRA117 promoter region that decreases GRA117 transcriptional activity and causes the gra117 phenotype. GRA117 encodes PfkB-type fructokinase-like 2, which is subcellularly localized in chloroplasts and is widely expressed in various rice tissues, particularly at high levels in leaf tissues. GRA117 transcription is regulated by the core region 1029 bp before the start codon. Our quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot assays showed that GRA117 promotes the expression and translation of photosynthetic genes. RNA-Seq analysis revealed that GRA117 plays a significant role in photosynthetic carbon fixation, carbon metabolism, and chloroplast ribosome-related pathways. Our study supports that GRA117 promotes the Calvin-Benson cycle by regulating chloroplast development, ultimately leading to enhanced carbon assimilation in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Genetic Breeding in Northeast China (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas), Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenglong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Genetic Breeding in Northeast China (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas), Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingqian Fan
- Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Genetic Breeding in Northeast China (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas), Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Pulin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Genetic Breeding in Northeast China (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas), Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Genetic Breeding in Northeast China (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas), Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Genetic Breeding in Northeast China (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas), Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Genetic Breeding in Northeast China (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas), Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China.
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Chen Z, Lin S, Chen T, Han M, Yang T, Wang Y, Bao S, Shen Z, Wan X, Zhang Z. Haem Oxygenase 1 is a potential target for creating etiolated/albino tea plants ( Camellia sinensis) with high theanine accumulation. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhac269. [PMID: 37533676 PMCID: PMC10390853 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Theanine content is highly correlated with sensory quality and health benefits of tea infusion. The tender shoots of etiolated and albino tea plants contain higher theanine than the normal green tea plants and are valuable materials for high quality green tea processing. However, why these etiolated or albino tea plants can highly accumulate theanine is largely unknown. In this study, we observed an Arabidopsis etiolated mutant hy1-100 (mutation in Haem Oxygenase 1, HO1) that accumulated higher levels of glutamine (an analog of theanine). We therefore identified CsHO1 in tea plants and found CsHO1 is conserved in amino acid sequences and subcellular localization with its homologs in other plants. Importantly, CsHO1 expression in the new shoots was much lower in an etiolated tea plants 'Huangkui' and an albino tea plant 'Huangshan Baicha' than that in normal green tea plants. The expression levels of CsHO1 were negatively correlated with theanine contents in these green, etiolated and albino shoots. Moreover, CsHO1 expression levels in various organs and different time points were also negatively correlated with theanine accumulation. The hy1-100 was hypersensitive to high levels of theanine and accumulated more theanine under theanine feeding, and these phenotypes were rescued by the expression of CsHO1 in this mutant. Transient knockdown CsHO1 expression in the new shoots of tea plant using antisense oligonucleotides (asODN) increased theanine accumulation. Collectively, these results demonstrated CsHO1 negatively regulates theanine accumulation in tea plants, and that low expression CsHO1 likely contributes to the theanine accumulation in etiolated/albino tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tingting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Mengxue Han
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Tianyuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Shilai Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhougao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
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Wang Y, Wang J, Chen L, Meng X, Zhen X, Liang Y, Han Y, Li H, Zhang B. Identification and function analysis of yellow-leaf mutant (YX-yl) of broomcorn millet. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:463. [PMID: 36167497 PMCID: PMC9513943 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03843-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Broomcorn millet is highly tolerant to drought and barren soil. Changes in chlorophyll content directly affect leaf color, which subsequently leadsleading to poor photosynthetic performance and reduced crop yield. Herein, we isolated a yellow leaf mutant (YX-yl) using a forward genetics approach and evaluated its agronomic traits, photosynthetic pigment content, chloroplast ultrastructure, and chlorophyll precursors. Furthermore, the molecular mechanism of yellowing was explored using transcriptome sequencing. RESULTS The YX-yl mutant showed significantly decreased plant height and low yield. The leaves exhibited a yellow-green phenotype and poor photosynthetic capacity during the entire growth period. The content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids in YX-yl leaves was lower than that in wild-type leaves. Chlorophyll precursor analysis results showed that chlorophyll biosynthesis in YX-yl was hindered by the conversion of porphobilinogen to protoporphyrin IX. Examination of chloroplast ultrastructure in the leaves revealed that the chloroplasts of YX-yl accumulated on one side of the cell. Moreover, the chloroplast structure of YX-yl was degraded. The inner and outer membranes of the chloroplasts could not be distinguished well. The numbers of grana and grana thylakoids in the chloroplasts were low. The transcriptome of the yellowing mutant YX-yl was sequenced and compared with that of the wild type. Nine chlorophyll-related genes with significantly different expression profiles were identified: PmUROD, PmCPO, PmGSAM, PmPBDG, PmLHCP, PmCAO, PmVDE, PmGluTR, and PmPNPT. The proteins encoded by these genes were located in the chloroplast, chloroplast membrane, chloroplast thylakoid membrane, and chloroplast matrix and were mainly involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis and redox-related enzyme regulation. CONCLUSIONS YX-yl is an ideal material for studying pigment metabolism mechanisms. Changes in the expression patterns of some genes between YX-yl and the wild type led to differences in chloroplast structures and enzyme activities in the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway, ultimately resulting in a yellowing phenotype in the YX-yl mutant. Our findings provide an insight to the molecular mechanisms of leaf color formation and chloroplast development in broomcorn millet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushen Wang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China, 030801
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding of Minor Crop, Taigu, Shanxi, China, 030801
- Ministerial and Provincial Co-Innovation Centre for Endemic Crops Production With High-Quality and Efficiency in Loess Plateau, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China, 030801
| | - Junjie Wang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China, 030801
| | - Liqing Chen
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China, 030801
| | - Xiaowei Meng
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China, 030801
| | - Xiaoxi Zhen
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China, 030801
| | - Yinpei Liang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China, 030801
| | - Yuanhuai Han
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China, 030801
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding of Minor Crop, Taigu, Shanxi, China, 030801
| | - Hongying Li
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China, 030801
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China, 030801.
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding of Minor Crop, Taigu, Shanxi, China, 030801.
- Ministerial and Provincial Co-Innovation Centre for Endemic Crops Production With High-Quality and Efficiency in Loess Plateau, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China, 030801.
- Institute of Agricultural Bioengineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China, 030801.
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Cia Zeaxanthin Biosynthesis, OsZEP and OsVDE Regulate Striped Leaves Occurring in Response to Deep Transplanting of Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158340. [PMID: 35955477 PMCID: PMC9369140 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The rice leaf color mutant B03S was previously generated from the photoperiod- and thermo-sensitive genic male sterile (PTGMS) rice line Efeng 1S, of which male sterility manifests by photoperiod and temperature but exhibits mainly temperature-sensitive characteristics. After these plants were deeply transplanted, the new leaves manifested typical zebra stripe patterns. Here, B03S was subjected to deep and shallow transplanting, shading with soil and aluminum foil, and control conditions in situ to determine the cause of the striped-leaf trait. The direct cause of striped leaves is the base of the leaf sheath being under darkness during deep transplanting, of which the critical shading range reached or exceeds 4 cm above the base. Moreover, typical striped leaves were analyzed based on the targeted metabolome method by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) combined with transcriptome and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR)-based verification to clarify the metabolic pathways and transcriptional regulation involved. Carotenoids enter the xanthophyll cycle, and the metabolites that differentially accumulate in the striped leaves include zeaxanthin and its derivatives for photooxidative stress protection, driven by the upregulated expression of OsZEP. These findings improve the understanding of the physiological and metabolic mechanisms underlying the leaf color mutation in rice plants, enrich the theoretical foundation of the nonuniform leaf color phenomenon widely found in nature and highlight key advancements concerning rice production involving the transplanting of seedlings or direct broadcasting of seeds.
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Han Z, Li F, Qiao W, Nong B, Cheng Y, Zhang L, Huang J, Wang Y, Lou D, Ge J, Xing M, Fan W, Nie Y, Guo W, Wang S, Liu Z, Li D, Zheng X, Yang Q. Identification of candidate genes and clarification of the maintenance of the green pericarp of weedy rice grains. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:930062. [PMID: 35937328 PMCID: PMC9354532 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.930062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea) pericarp has diverse colors (e.g., purple, red, light-red, and white). However, research on pericarp colors has focused on red and purple, but not green. Unlike many other common weedy rice resources, LM8 has a green pericarp at maturity. In this study, the coloration of the LM8 pericarp was evaluated at the cellular and genetic levels. First, an examination of their ultrastructure indicated that LM8 chloroplasts were normal regarding plastid development and they contained many plastoglobules from the early immature stage to maturity. Analyses of transcriptome profiles and differentially expressed genes revealed that most chlorophyll (Chl) degradation-related genes in LM8 were expressed at lower levels than Chl a/b cycle-related genes in mature pericarps, suggesting that the green LM8 pericarp was associated with inhibited Chl degradation in intact chloroplasts. Second, the F2 generation derived from a cross between LM8 (green pericarp) and SLG (white pericarp) had a pericarp color segregation ratio of 9:3:4 (green:brown:white). The bulked segregant analysis of the F2 populations resulted in the identification of 12 known genes in the chromosome 3 and 4 hotspot regions as candidate genes related to Chl metabolism in the rice pericarp. The RNA-seq and sqRT-PCR assays indicated that the expression of the Chl a/b cycle-related structural gene DVR (encoding divinyl reductase) was sharply up-regulated. Moreover, genes encoding magnesium-chelatase subunit D and the light-harvesting Chl a/b-binding protein were transcriptionally active in the fully ripened dry pericarp. Regarding the ethylene signal transduction pathway, the CTR (encoding an ethylene-responsive protein kinase) and ERF (encoding an ethylene-responsive factor) genes expression profiles were determined. The findings of this study highlight the regulatory roles of Chl biosynthesis- and degradation-related genes influencing Chl accumulation during the maturation of the LM8 pericarp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyun Han
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Li
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weihua Qiao
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
| | - Baoxuan Nong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Yunlian Cheng
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lifang Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingfen Huang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Danjing Lou
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinyue Ge
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Xing
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weiya Fan
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yamin Nie
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenlong Guo
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shizhuang Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ziran Liu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Danting Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoming Zheng
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
- International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Qingwen Yang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
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9
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Jiang J, Wei L, Zhu Y, Zheng M, Cui L, Cai Q, Xie H, Zhang J. 水稻黄绿叶突变体w08(YGL)基因精细定位与功能分析. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2022. [DOI: 10.1360/tb-2022-0359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Shen J, Li X, Zhu X, Ding Z, Huang X, Chen X, Jin S. Molecular and Photosynthetic Performance in the Yellow Leaf Mutant of Torreya grandis According to Transcriptome Sequencing, Chlorophyll a Fluorescence, and Modulated 820 nm Reflection. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030431. [PMID: 35159241 PMCID: PMC8834079 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To study the photosynthetic energy mechanism and electron transfer in yellow leaves, transcriptomics combined with physiological approaches was used to explore the mechanism of the yellow leaf mutant Torreya grandis ‘Merrillii’. The results showed that chlorophyll content, the maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), and the parameters related to the OJ phase of fluorescence (φEo, φRo) were all decreased significantly in mutant-type T. grandis leaves. The efficiency needed for an electron to be transferred from the reduced carriers between the two photosystems to the end acceptors of the PSI (δRo) and the quantum yield of the energy dissipation (φDo) were higher in the leaves of mutant-type T. grandis compared to those in wild-type leaves. Analysis of the prompt fluorescence kinetics and modulated 820 nm reflection showed that the electron transfer of PSII was decreased, and PSI activity was increased in yellow T. grandis leaves. Transcriptome data showed that the unigenes involved in chlorophyll synthesis and the photosynthetic electron transport complex were downregulated in the leaves of mutant-type T. grandis compared to wild-type leaves, while there were no observable changes in carotenoid content and biosynthesis. These findings suggest that the downregulation of genes involved in chlorophyll synthesis leads to decreased chlorophyll content, resulting in both PSI activity and carotenoids having higher tolerance when acting as photo-protective mechanisms for coping with chlorophyll deficit and decrease in linear electron transport in PSII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianshuang Shen
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, China; (J.S.); (X.L.); (X.Z.); (Z.D.); (X.H.); (X.C.)
| | - Xueqin Li
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, China; (J.S.); (X.L.); (X.Z.); (Z.D.); (X.H.); (X.C.)
| | - Xiangtao Zhu
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, China; (J.S.); (X.L.); (X.Z.); (Z.D.); (X.H.); (X.C.)
| | - Zhicheng Ding
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, China; (J.S.); (X.L.); (X.Z.); (Z.D.); (X.H.); (X.C.)
| | - Xiaoling Huang
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, China; (J.S.); (X.L.); (X.Z.); (Z.D.); (X.H.); (X.C.)
| | - Xia Chen
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, China; (J.S.); (X.L.); (X.Z.); (Z.D.); (X.H.); (X.C.)
| | - Songheng Jin
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, China; (J.S.); (X.L.); (X.Z.); (Z.D.); (X.H.); (X.C.)
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Correspondence:
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11
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Zheng T, Zhan J, Yang M, Wang M, Sun W, Shan Z, Chen H. Hemin-induced increase in saponin content contributes to the alleviation of osmotic and cold stress damage to Conyza blinii in a heme oxygenase 1-dependent manner. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2021; 22:682-694. [PMID: 34414702 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2000697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Hemin can improve the stress resistance of plants through the heme oxygenase system. Additionally, substances contained in plants, such as secondary metabolites, can improve stress resistance. However, few studies have explored the effects of hemin on secondary metabolite content. Therefore, the effects of hemin on saponin synthesis and the mechanism of plant injury relief by hemin in Conyza blinii were investigated in this study. Hemin treatment promoted plant growth and increased the antioxidant enzyme activity and saponin content of C. blinii under osmotic stress and cold stress. Further study showed that hemin could provide sufficient precursors for saponin synthesis by improving the photosynthetic capacity of C. blinii and increasing the gene expression of key enzymes in the saponin synthesis pathway, thus increasing the saponin content. Moreover, the promotion effect of hemin on saponin synthesis is dependent on heme oxygenase-1 and can be reversed by the inhibitor Zn-protoporphyrin-IX (ZnPPIX). This study revealed that hemin can increase the saponin content of C. blinii and alleviate the damage caused by abiotic stress, and it also broadened the understanding of the relationship between hemin and secondary metabolites in plant abiotic stress relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianrun Zheng
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.,Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Junyi Zhan
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ming Yang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Maojia Wang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Wenjun Sun
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Zhi Shan
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
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12
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Wang Q, Zhu B, Chen C, Yuan Z, Guo J, Yang X, Wang S, Lv Y, Liu Q, Yang B, Sun C, Wang P, Deng X. A Single Nucleotide Substitution of GSAM Gene Causes Massive Accumulation of Glutamate 1-Semialdehyde and Yellow Leaf Phenotype in Rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 14:50. [PMID: 34089406 PMCID: PMC8179877 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-021-00492-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tetrapyrroles play indispensable roles in various biological processes. In higher plants, glutamate 1-semialdehyde 2,1-aminomutase (GSAM) converts glutamate 1-semialdehyde (GSA) to 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), which is the rate-limiting step of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis. Up to now, GSAM genes have been successively identified from many species. Besides, it was found that GSAM could form a dimeric protein with itself by x-ray crystallography. However, no mutant of GSAM has been identified in monocotyledonous plants, and no experiment on interaction of GSAM protein with itself has been reported so far. RESULT We isolated a yellow leaf mutant, ys53, in rice (Oryza sativa). The mutant showed decreased photosynthetic pigment contents, suppressed chloroplast development, and reduced photosynthetic capacity. In consequence, its major agronomic traits were significantly affected. Map-based cloning revealed that the candidate gene was LOC_Os08g41990 encoding GSAM protein. In ys53 mutant, a single nucleotide substitution in this gene caused an amino acid change in the encoded protein, so its ALA-synthesis ability was significantly reduced and GSA was massively accumulated. Complementation assays suggested the mutant phenotype of ys53 could be rescued by introducing wild-type OsGSAM gene, confirming that the point mutation in OsGSAM is the cause of the mutant phenotype. OsGSAM is mainly expressed in green tissues, and its encoded protein is localized to chloroplast. qRT-PCR analysis indicated that the mutation of OsGSAM not only affected the expressions of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic genes, but also influenced those of photosynthetic genes in rice. In addition, the yeast two-hybrid experiment showed that OsGSAM protein could interact with itself, which could largely depend on the two specific regions containing the 81th-160th and the 321th-400th amino acid residues at its N- and C-terminals, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We successfully characterized rice GSAM gene by a yellow leaf mutant and map-based cloning approach. Meanwhile, we verified that OsGSAM protein could interact with itself mainly by means of the two specific regions of amino acid residues at its N- and C-terminals, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Baiyang Zhu
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Congping Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhaodi Yuan
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jia Guo
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaorong Yang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - San Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yan Lv
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Qingsong Liu
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Changhui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Pingrong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Xiaojian Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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13
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Cai Z, Yang C, Liao J, Song H, Zhang S. Sex-biased genes and metabolites explain morphologically sexual dimorphism and reproductive costs in Salix paraplesia catkins. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:125. [PMID: 34059667 PMCID: PMC8166972 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00566-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Dioecious species evolved from species with monomorphic sex systems in order to achieve overall fitness gains by separating male and female functions. As reproductive organs, unisexual flowers have different reproductive roles and exhibit conspicuous sexual dimorphism. To date, little is known about the temporal variations in and molecular mechanisms underlying the morphology and reproductive costs of dioecious flowers. We investigated male and female flowers of Salix paraplesia in three flowering stages before pollination (the early, blooming and late stages) via transcriptional sequencing as well as metabolite content and phenotypic analysis. We found that a large number of sex-biased genes, rather than sex-limited genes, were responsible for sexual dimorphism in S. paraplesia flowers and that the variation in gene expression in male flowers intensified this situation throughout flower development. The temporal dynamics of sex-biased genes derived from changes in reproductive function during the different flowering stages. Sexually differentiated metabolites related to respiration and flavonoid biosynthesis exhibited the same bias directions as the sex-biased genes. These sex-biased genes were involved mainly in signal transduction, photosynthesis, respiration, cell proliferation, phytochrome biosynthesis, and phenol metabolism; therefore, they resulted in more biomass accumulation and higher energy consumption in male catkins. Our results indicated that sex-biased gene expression in S. paraplesia flowers is associated with different reproductive investments in unisexual flowers; male flowers require a greater reproductive investment to meet their higher biomass accumulation and energy consumption needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Cai
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Congcong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Liao
- College of Geography and Tourism, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haifeng Song
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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14
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Nie L, Zheng Y, Zhang L, Wu Y, Zhu S, Hou J, Chen G, Tang X, Wang C, Yuan L. Characterization and transcriptomic analysis of a novel yellow-green leaf wucai (Brassica campestris L.) germplasm. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:258. [PMID: 33845769 PMCID: PMC8040211 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07573-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leaf color mutants are the ideal materials to explore the pathways of chlorophyll (Chl) metabolism, chloroplast development, and photosynthesis system. In this study, a spontaneous yellow-green leaf wucai (Brassica campestris L.) mutant "WY16-13" was identified, which exhibited yellow-green leaf color during its entire growth period. However, current understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying Chl metabolism and chloroplast development of "WY16-13" is limited. RESULTS Total Chl and carotenoid content in WY16-13 was reduced by 60.92 and 58.82%, respectively, as compared with its wild type parental line W16-13. Electron microscopic investigation revealed fewer chloroplasts per cell and looser stroma lamellae in WY16-13 than in W16-13. A comparative transcriptome profiling was performed using leaves from the yellow-green leaf type (WY16-13) and normal green-leaf type (W16-13). A total of 54.12 million (M) (WY16-13) and 56.17 M (W16-13) reads were generated. A total of 40,578 genes were identified from the mapped libraries. We identified 3882 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in WY16-13 compared with W16-13 (i.e., 1603 upregulated genes and 2279 downregulated genes). According to the Gene Ontology (GO) term and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses, these DEGs are involved in porphyrin and Chl metabolism [i.e., chlorophyllase (CLH), heme oxygenase (HO), chlorophyll (ide) b reductase (NYC), and protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR) genes], carbohydrate metabolism, photosynthesis, and carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms. Moreover, deficiency in Chl biosynthetic intermediates in WY16-13 revealed that the formation of the yellow-green phenotype was related to the disorder of heme metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide valuable insights into Chl deficiency in the yellow-green leaf mutant and a bioinformatics resource for further functional identification of key allelic genes responsible for differences in Chl content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libing Nie
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Yushan Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Liting Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Ying Wu
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Shidong Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Wanjiang Vegetable Industrial Technology Institute, Maanshan, 238200, Anhui, China
| | - Jinfeng Hou
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Wanjiang Vegetable Industrial Technology Institute, Maanshan, 238200, Anhui, China
| | - Guohu Chen
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoyan Tang
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Chenggang Wang
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China.
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China.
- Wanjiang Vegetable Industrial Technology Institute, Maanshan, 238200, Anhui, China.
| | - Lingyun Yuan
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China.
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China.
- Wanjiang Vegetable Industrial Technology Institute, Maanshan, 238200, Anhui, China.
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15
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Xiong E, Li Z, Zhang C, Zhang J, Liu Y, Peng T, Chen Z, Zhao Q. A study of leaf-senescence genes in rice based on a combination of genomics, proteomics and bioinformatics. Brief Bioinform 2020; 22:5998850. [PMID: 33257942 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbaa305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf senescence is a highly complex, genetically regulated and well-ordered process with multiple layers and pathways. Delaying leaf senescence would help increase grain yields in rice. Over the past 15 years, more than 100 rice leaf-senescence genes have been cloned, greatly improving the understanding of leaf senescence in rice. Systematically elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying leaf senescence will provide breeders with new tools/options for improving many important agronomic traits. In this study, we summarized recent reports on 125 rice leaf-senescence genes, providing an overview of the research progress in this field by analyzing the subcellular localizations, molecular functions and the relationship of them. These data showed that chlorophyll synthesis and degradation, chloroplast development, abscisic acid pathway, jasmonic acid pathway, nitrogen assimilation and ROS play an important role in regulating the leaf senescence in rice. Furthermore, we predicted and analyzed the proteins that interact with leaf-senescence proteins and achieved a more profound understanding of the molecular principles underlying the regulatory mechanisms by which leaf senescence occurs, thus providing new insights for future investigations of leaf senescence in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erhui Xiong
- College of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University (HAU), China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, South University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Ye Liu
- College of Agriculture, HAU
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16
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Yang S, Fang G, Zhang A, Ruan B, Jiang H, Ding S, Liu C, Zhang Y, Jaha N, Hu P, Xu Z, Gao Z, Wang J, Qian Q. Rice EARLY SENESCENCE 2, encoding an inositol polyphosphate kinase, is involved in leaf senescence. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:393. [PMID: 32847519 PMCID: PMC7449006 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02610-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early leaf senescence influences yield and yield quality by affecting plant growth and development. A series of leaf senescence-associated molecular mechanisms have been reported in rice. However, the complex genetic regulatory networks that control leaf senescence need to be elucidated. RESULTS In this study, an early senescence 2 (es2) mutant was obtained from ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis (EMS)-induced mutational library for the Japonica rice cultivar Wuyugeng 7 (WYG7). Leaves of es2 showed early senescence at the seedling stage and became severe at the tillering stage. The contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS) significantly increased, while chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, catalase (CAT) activity significantly decreased in the es2 mutant. Moreover, genes which related to senescence, ROS and chlorophyll degradation were up-regulated, while those associated with photosynthesis and chlorophyll synthesis were down-regulated in es2 mutant compared to WYG7. The ES2 gene, which encodes an inositol polyphosphate kinase (OsIPK2), was fine mapped to a 116.73-kb region on chromosome 2. DNA sequencing of ES2 in the mutant revealed a missense mutation, ES2 was localized to nucleus and plasma membrane of cells, and expressed in various tissues of rice. Complementation test and overexpression experiment confirmed that ES2 completely restored the normal phenotype, with chlorophyll contents and photosynthetic rate increased comparable with the wild type. These results reveal the new role of OsIPK2 in regulating leaf senescence in rice and therefore will provide additional genetic evidence on the molecular mechanisms controlling early leaf senescence. CONCLUSIONS The ES2 gene, encoding an inositol polyphosphate kinase localized in the nucleus and plasma membrane of cells, is essential for leaf senescence in rice. Further study of ES2 will facilitate the dissection of the genetic mechanisms underlying early leaf senescence and plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Northeast Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture/Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Guonan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Anpeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Northeast Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture/Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Banpu Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzhen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shilin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaolei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Northeast Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture/Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Noushin Jaha
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengjin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Northeast Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture/Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Northeast Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture/Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qian Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Abstract
Color mutation is a common, easily identifiable phenomenon in higher plants. Color mutations usually affect the photosynthetic efficiency of plants, resulting in poor growth and economic losses. Therefore, leaf color mutants have been unwittingly eliminated in recent years. Recently, however, with the development of society, the application of leaf color mutants has become increasingly widespread. Leaf color mutants are ideal materials for studying pigment metabolism, chloroplast development and differentiation, photosynthesis and other pathways that could also provide important information for improving varietal selection. In this review, we summarize the research on leaf color mutants, such as the functions and mechanisms of leaf color mutant-related genes, which affect chlorophyll synthesis, chlorophyll degradation, chloroplast development and anthocyanin metabolism. We also summarize two common methods for mapping and cloning related leaf color mutation genes using Map-based cloning and RNA-seq, and we discuss the existing problems and propose future research directions for leaf color mutants, which provide a reference for the study and application of leaf color mutants in the future.
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Guo A, Hu Y, Shi M, Wang H, Wu Y, Wang Y. Effects of iron deficiency and exogenous sucrose on the intermediates of chlorophyll biosynthesis in Malus halliana. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232694. [PMID: 32375166 PMCID: PMC7202898 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Malus halliana is an iron (Fe)-efficient apple rootstock growing in calcareous soil that shows obvious ‘greenness’ traits during Fe deficiency. Recent studies have shown that exogenous sugars can be involved in abiotic stress. To identify the key regulatory steps of chlorophyll (Chl) biosynthesis in M. halliana under Fe deficiency and to verify whether exogenous sucrose (Suc) is involved in Fe deficiency stress, we determined the contents of the Chl precursor and the expression of several Chl biosynthetic genes in M. halliana. The results showed that Fe deficiency caused a significant increase in the contents of protoporphyrin IX (Proto IX), Mg-protoporphyrin IX (Mg-Proto IX) and protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) in M. halliana compared to the Fe-sensitive rootstock Malus hupehensis. Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) also showed that the expression of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPOX), which synthesizes Proto IX, was upregulated in M. halliana and downregulated in M. hupehensis under Fe deficiency. Exogenous Suc application prominently enhanced the contents of porphobilinogen (PBG) and the subsequent precursor, whereas it decreased the level of δ-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA), suggesting that the transformation from ALA to PBG was catalyzed in M. halliana. Additionally, the transcript level of δ-aminolevulinate acid dehydratase (ALAD) was noticeably upregulated after exogenous Suc treatment. This result, combined with the precursor contents, indicated that Suc accelerated the steps of Chl biosynthesis by modulating the ALAD gene. Therefore, we conclude that PPOX is the key regulatory gene of M. halliana in response to Fe deficiency. Exogenous Suc enhances M. halliana tolerance to Fe deficiency stress by regulating Chl biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aixia Guo
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ya Hu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Mingfu Shi
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hai Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yuxia Wu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yanxiu Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- * E-mail:
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Hu L, Zhang H, Xie C, Wang J, Zhang J, Wang H, Weng Y, Chen P, Li Y. A mutation in CsHD encoding a histidine and aspartic acid domain-containing protein leads to yellow young leaf-1 (yyl-1) in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 293:110407. [PMID: 32081257 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Leaf color mutants are an ideal tool to study chlorophyll biosynthesis, chloroplast development and photosynthesis. In this study, we identified an EMS-induced yellow young leaf mutant C777. The mutant exhibited yellow cotyledons and emerging true leaves with stay-green dots that turn green gradually with leaf growth. Segregation analysis in several populations indicated that the mutant C777 was controlled by a recessive gene yyl-1. Fine mapping delimited the yyl-1 locus to a 45.3 kb region harboring 8 putative genes, but only one SNP (G to A) was identified between C777 and its wild-type parental line in this region which occurred in the 13th exon of CsHD that encodes a histidine and aspartic acid (HD) domain containing protein. This nonsense mutation introduced a stop codon and thus a premature protein. Uniqueness of this mutant allele was verified in 515 cucumber lines. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed significantly reduced expression of CsHD gene in the mutant. Further, silencing the NbHD gene by VIGS in tobacco resulted in virescent young leaves and significantly down-regulated expression of HD gene. These results strongly supported the association of the CsHD gene with the virescent young leaf phenotype in C777. This is the first report to clone and characterize the CsHD gene in the horticultural crops. The results may help understand the functions of the HD gene in chloroplast development and chlorophyll biosynthesis in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Hu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, 712100, China
| | - Haiqiang Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, 712100, China
| | - Chen Xie
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, 712100, China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yiqun Weng
- USDA-ARS, Vegetable Crops Research Unit, Horticulture Department, University of Wisconsin, 1575 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Peng Chen
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Yuhong Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, 712100, China.
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Zhang K, Mu Y, Li W, Shan X, Wang N, Feng H. Identification of two recessive etiolation genes (py1, py2) in pakchoi (Brassica rapa L. ssp. chinensis). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:68. [PMID: 32041529 PMCID: PMC7011377 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-2271-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leaf color is a major agronomic trait, which has a strong influence on crop yields. Isolating leaf color mutants can represent valuable materials for research in chlorophyll (Chl) biosynthesis and metabolism regulation. RESULTS In this study, we identified a stably inherited yellow leaf mutant derived from 'Huaguan' pakchoi variety via isolated microspore culture and designated as pylm. This mutant displayed yellow leaves after germination. Its etiolated phenotype was nonlethal and stable during the whole growth period. Its growth was weak and its hypocotyls were markedly elongated. Genetic analysis revealed that two recessive nuclear genes, named py1 and py2, are responsible for the etiolation phenotype. Bulked segregant RNA sequencing (BSR-Seq) showed that py1 and py2 were mapped on chromosomes A09 and A07, respectively. The genes were single Mendelian factors in F3:4 populations based on a 3:1 phenotypic segregation ratio. The py1 was localized to a 258.3-kb interval on a 34-gene genome. The differentially expressed gene BraA09004189 was detected in the py1 mapping region and regulated heme catabolism. One single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of BraA09004189 occurred in pylm. A candidate gene-specific SNP marker in 1520 F3:4 yellow-colored individuals co-segregated with py1. For py2, 1860 recessive homozygous F3:4 individuals were investigated and localized py2 to a 4.4-kb interval. Of the five genes in this region, BraA07001774 was predicted as a candidate for py2. It encoded an embryo defective 1187 and a phosphotransferase related to chlorophyll deficiency and hypocotyl elongation. One SNP of BraA07001774 occurred in pylm. It caused a single amino acid mutation from Asp to Asn. According to quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), BraA07001774 was downregulated in pylm. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified a Chl deficiency mutant pylm in pakchoi. Two recessive nuclear genes named py1 and py2 had a significant effect on etiolation. Candidate genes regulating etiolation were identified as BraA09004189 and BraA07001774, respectively. These findings will elucidate chlorophyll metabolism and the molecular mechanisms of the gene interactions controlling pakchoi etiolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Mu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijia Li
- Institute of Carbon Materials Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Shan
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Feng
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China.
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Rao Y, Xu N, Li S, Hu J, Jiao R, Hu P, Lin H, Lu C, Lin X, Dai Z, Zhang Y, Zhu X, Wang Y. PE-1, Encoding Heme Oxygenase 1, Impacts Heading Date and Chloroplast Development in Rice ( Oryza sativa L.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:7249-7257. [PMID: 31244201 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The duration of the rice growth phase has always been an important target trait. The identification of mutations in rice that alter these processes and result in a shorter growth phase could have potential benefits for crop production. In this study, we isolated an early aging rice mutant, pe-1, with light green leaves, using γ-mutated indica rice cultivar and subsequent screening methods, which is known as the phytochrome synthesis factor Se5 that controls rice flowering. The pe-1 plant is accompanied by a decreased chlorophyll content, an enhanced photosynthesis, and a decreased pollen fertility. PE-1, a close homologue of HY1, is localized in the chloroplast. Expression pattern analysis indicated that PE-1 was mainly expressed in roots, stems, leaves, leaf sheaths, and young panicles. The knockout of PE-1 using the CRISPR/Cas9 system decreased the chlorophyll content and downregulated the expression of PE-1-related genes. Furthermore, the chloroplasts of pe-1 were filled with many large-sized starch grains, and the number of osmiophilic granules (a chloroplast lipid reservoir) was significantly decreased. Altogether, our findings suggest that PE-1 functions as a master regulator to mediate in chlorophyll biosynthesis and photosynthetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchun Rao
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences , Zhejiang Normal University , Jinhua , Zhejiang 321004 , People's Republic of China
| | - Na Xu
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences , Zhejiang Normal University , Jinhua , Zhejiang 321004 , People's Republic of China
| | - Sanfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology , China National Rice Research Institute , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310006 , People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Hu
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences , Zhejiang Normal University , Jinhua , Zhejiang 321004 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Jiao
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences , Zhejiang Normal University , Jinhua , Zhejiang 321004 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology , China National Rice Research Institute , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310006 , People's Republic of China
| | - Han Lin
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences , Zhejiang Normal University , Jinhua , Zhejiang 321004 , People's Republic of China
| | - Caolin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology , China National Rice Research Institute , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310006 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Lin
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences , Zhejiang Normal University , Jinhua , Zhejiang 321004 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijun Dai
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences , Zhejiang Normal University , Jinhua , Zhejiang 321004 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yilan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences , Zhejiang Normal University , Jinhua , Zhejiang 321004 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xudong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology , China National Rice Research Institute , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310006 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuexing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology , China National Rice Research Institute , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310006 , People's Republic of China
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22
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Gang H, Li R, Zhao Y, Liu G, Chen S, Jiang J. Loss of GLK1 transcription factor function reveals new insights in chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:3125-3138. [PMID: 30921458 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Birch (Betula platyphylla × B. pendula) is an important tree for landscaping due to its attractive white bark and straight trunk. In this study, we characterized a T-DNA yellow-green leaf mutant, yl. We identified six insertion sites (ISs) in the mutant by genome resequencing and found a 40-kb deletion containing BpGLK1 around IS2 on chromosome 2. Complementation experiments with the yl mutant and repression of BpGLK1 in wild-type plants confirmed that BpGLK1 was responsible for the mutated phenotype. Physiological and ultrastructural analyses showed that the leaves of the yl mutant and BpGLK1-repression lines had decreased chlorophyll content and defective chloroplast development compared to the wild-type. Furthermore, the loss function of BpGLK1 also affected photosynthesis in leaves. Transcriptomics, proteomics, and ChIP-PCR analysis revealed that BpGLK1 directly interacted with the promoter of genes related to antenna proteins, chlorophyll biosynthesis, and photosystem subunit synthesis, and regulated their expression. Overall, our research not only provides new insights into the mechanism of chloroplast development and chlorophyll biosynthesis regulated by BpGLK1, but also provides new transgenic birch varieties with various levels of yellowing leaves by repressing BpGLK1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixin Gang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Ranhong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Guifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Su Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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Map-Based Cloning and Functional Analysis of YE1 in Rice, Which Is Involved in Light-Dependent Chlorophyll Biogenesis and Photoperiodic Flowering Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030758. [PMID: 30754644 PMCID: PMC6387406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Light is one of the most important environmental factors that affect many aspects of plant growth, including chlorophyll (Chl) synthesis and flowering time. Here, we identified a rice mutant, yellow leaf and early flowering (ye1), and characterized the gene YE1 by using a map-based cloning method. YE1 encodes a heme oxygenase, which is localized to the chloroplasts. YE1 is expressed in various green tissues, especially in leaves, with a diurnal-rhythmic expression pattern, and its transcripts is also induced by light during leaf-greening. The mutant displays decreased Chl contents with less and disorderly thylakoid lamellar layers in chloroplasts, which reduced the photosynthesis rate. The early flowering phenotype of ye1 was not photoperiod-sensitive. Furthermore, the expression levels of Chl biosynthetic genes were downregulated in ye1 seedlings during de-etiolation responses to light. We also found that rhythmic expression patterns of genes involved in photoperiodic flowering were altered in the mutant. Based on these results, we infer that YE1 plays an important role in light-dependent Chl biogenesis as well as photoperiodic flowering pathway in rice.
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Liu X, Yu H, Han F, Li Z, Fang Z, Yang L, Zhuang M, Lv H, Liu Y, Li Z, Li X, Zhang Y. Differentially Expressed Genes Associated with the Cabbage Yellow-Green-Leaf Mutant in the ygl-1 Mapping Interval with Recombination Suppression. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19102936. [PMID: 30261688 PMCID: PMC6212964 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the genetics and preliminary mapping of the cabbage yellow-green-leaf mutant YL-1 has been extensively studied, transcriptome profiling associated with the yellow-green-leaf mutant of YL-1 has not been discovered. Positional mapping with two populations showed that the yellow-green-leaf gene ygl-1 is located in a recombination-suppressed genomic region. Then, a bulk segregant RNA-seq (BSR) was applied to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using an F3 population (YL-1 × 11-192) and a BC2 population (YL-1 × 01-20). Among the 37,286 unique genes, 5730 and 4118 DEGs were detected between the yellow-leaf and normal-leaf pools from the F3 and BC2 populations. BSR analysis with four pools greatly reduced the number of common DEGs from 4924 to 1112. In the ygl-1 gene mapping region with suppressed recombination, 43 common DEGs were identified. Five of the DEGs were related to chloroplasts, including the down-regulated Bo1g087310, Bo1g094360, and Bo1g098630 and the up-regulated Bo1g059170 and Bo1g098440. The Bo1g098440 and Bo1g098630 genes were excluded by qRT-PCR. Hence, we inferred that these three DEGs (Bo1g094360, Bo1g087310, and Bo1g059170) in the mapping interval may be tightly associated with the development of the yellow-green-leaf mutant phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Liu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Hailong Yu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Fengqing Han
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Zhiyuan Fang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Limei Yang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Mu Zhuang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Honghao Lv
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Yumei Liu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Zhansheng Li
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xing Li
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Yangyong Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.
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Deng H, Cheema J, Zhang H, Woolfenden H, Norris M, Liu Z, Liu Q, Yang X, Yang M, Deng X, Cao X, Ding Y. Rice In Vivo RNA Structurome Reveals RNA Secondary Structure Conservation and Divergence in Plants. MOLECULAR PLANT 2018; 11:607-622. [PMID: 29409859 PMCID: PMC5886760 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
RNA secondary structure plays a critical role in gene regulation. Rice (Oryza sativa) is one of the most important food crops in the world. However, RNA structure in rice has scarcely been studied. Here, we have successfully generated in vivo Structure-seq libraries in rice. We found that the structural flexibility of mRNAs might associate with the dynamics of biological function. Higher N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification tends to have less RNA structure in 3' UTR, whereas GC content does not significantly affect in vivo mRNA structure to maintain efficient biological processes such as translation. Comparative analysis of RNA structurome between rice and Arabidopsis revealed that higher GC content does not lead to stronger structure and less RNA structural flexibility. Moreover, we found a weak correlation between sequence and structure conservation of the orthologs between rice and Arabidopsis. The conservation and divergence of both sequence and in vivo RNA structure corresponds to diverse and specific biological processes. Our results indicate that RNA secondary structure might offer a separate layer of selection to the sequence between monocot and dicot. Therefore, our study implies that RNA structure evolves differently in various biological processes to maintain robustness in development and adaptational flexibility during angiosperm evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjing Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China; CAS-JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science (CEPAMS), John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Jitender Cheema
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Hang Zhang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Hugh Woolfenden
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Matthew Norris
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Zhenshan Liu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Xiaofei Yang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Minglei Yang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Xian Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaofeng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS-JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science (CEPAMS), John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
| | - Yiliang Ding
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK; CAS-JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science (CEPAMS), John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
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Kim SH, Kwon CT, Song G, Koh HJ, An G, Paek NC. The rice zebra3 (z3) mutation disrupts citrate distribution and produces transverse dark-green/green variegation in mature leaves. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 11:1. [PMID: 29305728 PMCID: PMC5756232 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-017-0196-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice zebra mutants are leaf variegation mutants that exhibit transverse sectors of green/yellow or green/white in developing or mature leaves. In most cases, leaf variegation is caused by defects in chloroplast biogenesis pathways, leading to an accumulation of reactive oxygen species in a transverse pattern in the leaves. Here, we examine a new type of leaf variegation mutant in rice, zebra3 (z3), which exhibits transverse dark-green/green sectors in mature leaves and lacks the typical yellow or white sectors. RESULTS Map-based cloning revealed that the Z3 locus encodes a putative citrate transporter that belongs to the citrate-metal hydrogen symport (CitMHS) family. CitMHS family members have been extensively studied in bacteria and function as secondary transporters that can transport metal-citrate complexes, but whether CitMHS family transporters exist in eukaryotes remains unknown. To investigate whether Z3 acts as a citrate transporter in rice, we measured citrate levels in wild-type leaves and in the dark-green and green sectors of the leaves of z3 mutants. The results showed that citrates accumulated to high levels in the dark-green sectors of z3 mutant leaves, but not in the green sectors as compared with the wild-type leaves. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that leaf variegation in the z3 mutant is caused by an unbalanced accumulation of citrate in a transverse pattern in the leaves. Taking these results together, we propose that Z3 plays an important role in citrate transport and distribution during leaf development and is a possible candidate for a CitMHS family member in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk-Hwan Kim
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Tak Kwon
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Present address: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 11724, USA
| | - Giha Song
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jong Koh
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Gynheung An
- Crop Biotech Institute and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Chon Paek
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Crop Biotechnology Institute, Institutes of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, 25354, Republic of Korea.
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Huang R, Wang Y, Wang P, Li C, Xiao F, Chen N, Li N, Li C, Sun C, Li L, Chen R, Xu Z, Zhu J, Deng X. A single nucleotide mutation of IspF gene involved in the MEP pathway for isoprenoid biosynthesis causes yellow-green leaf phenotype in rice. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 96:5-16. [PMID: 29143298 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-017-0668-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We identified IspF gene through yellow-green leaf mutant 505ys in rice. OsIspF was expressed in all tissues detected, and its encoded protein was targeted to the chloroplast. On expression levels of genes in this mutant, OsIspF itself and the genes encoding other enzymes of the MEP pathway and chlorophyll synthase were all up-regulated, however, among eight genes associated with photosynthesis, only psaA, psaN and psbA genes for three reaction center subunits of photosystem obviously changed. Isoprenoids are the most abundant natural compounds in all organisms, which originate from the basic five-carbon units isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP). In plants, IPP and DMAPP are synthesized through two independent pathways, the mevalonic acid pathway in cytoplasm and the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway in plastids. The MEP pathway comprises seven enzymatic steps, in which IspF is the fifth enzyme. So far, no IspF gene has been identified in monocotyledonous plants. In this study, we isolated a leaf-color mutant, 505ys, in rice (Oryza sativa). The mutant displayed yellow-green leaf phenotype, reduced level of photosynthetic pigments, and arrested development of chloroplasts. By map-based cloning of this mutant, we identified OsIspF gene (LOC_Os02g45660) showing significant similarity to IspF gene of Arabidopsis, in which a missense mutation occurred in the mutant, resulting in an amino acid change in the encoded protein. OsIspF gene was expressed in all tissues detected, and its encoded protein was targeted to the chloroplast. Further, the mutant phenotype of 505ys was complemented by transformation with the wild-type OsIspF gene. Therefore, we successfully identified an IspF gene in monocotyledonous plants. In addition, real-time quantitative RT-PCR implied that a positive regulation could exist between the OsIspF gene and the genes encoding other enzymes of the MEP pathway and chlorophyll synthase. At the same time, it also implied that the individual genes involved in the MEP pathway might differentially regulated expression levels of the genes associated with photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Huang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Pingrong Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Chunmei Li
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Fuliang Xiao
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Nenggang Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Na Li
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Caixia Li
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Changhui Sun
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Lihua Li
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Rongjun Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhengjun Xu
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianqing Zhu
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaojian Deng
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
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28
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Physiological and transcriptomic analyses of a yellow-green mutant with high photosynthetic efficiency in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Funct Integr Genomics 2017; 18:175-194. [DOI: 10.1007/s10142-017-0583-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Wang R, Yang F, Zhang XQ, Wu D, Tan C, Westcott S, Broughton S, Li C, Zhang W, Xu Y. Characterization of a Thermo-Inducible Chlorophyll-Deficient Mutant in Barley. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1936. [PMID: 29184561 PMCID: PMC5694490 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Leaf color is an important trait for not only controlling crop yield but also monitoring plant status under temperature stress. In this study, a thermo-inducible chlorophyll-deficient mutant, named V-V-Y, was identified from a gamma-radiated population of the barley variety Vlamingh. The leaves of the mutant were green under normal growing temperature but turned yellowish under high temperature in the glasshouse experiment. The ratio of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in the mutant declined much faster in the first 7-9 days under heat treatment. The leaves of V-V-Y turned yellowish but took longer to senesce under heat stress in the field experiment. Genetic analysis indicated that a single nuclear gene controlled the mutant trait. The mutant gene (vvy) was mapped to the long arm of chromosome 4H between SNP markers 1_0269 and 1_1531 with a genetic distance of 2.2 cM and a physical interval of 9.85 Mb. A QTL for grain yield was mapped to the same interval and explained 10.4% of the yield variation with a LOD score of 4. This QTL is coincident with the vvy gene interval that is responsible for the thermo-inducible chlorophyll-deficient trait. Fine mapping, based on the barley reference genome sequence, further narrowed the vvy gene to a physical interval of 0.428 Mb with 11 annotated genes. This is the first report of fine mapping a thermo-inducible chlorophyll-deficient gene in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Grain Industry and Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agriculture Use of Wetland, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Western Barley Genetics Alliance, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Qi Zhang
- Western Barley Genetics Alliance, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- Western Australian Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Dianxin Wu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Grain Industry and Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agriculture Use of Wetland, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cong Tan
- Western Barley Genetics Alliance, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Sharon Westcott
- Western Barley Genetics Alliance, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- Agriculture and Food, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Sue Broughton
- Agriculture and Food, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Chengdao Li
- Western Barley Genetics Alliance, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- Western Australian Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- Agriculture and Food, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Wenying Zhang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Grain Industry and Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agriculture Use of Wetland, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yanhao Xu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Grain Industry and Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agriculture Use of Wetland, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Western Barley Genetics Alliance, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
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30
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Zhou K, Xia J, Wang Y, Ma T, Li Z. A Young Seedling Stripe2 phenotype in rice is caused by mutation of a chloroplast-localized nucleoside diphosphate kinase 2 required for chloroplast biogenesis. Genet Mol Biol 2017; 40:630-642. [PMID: 28863212 PMCID: PMC5596372 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2016-0267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chloroplast development and chlorophyll (Chl) biosynthesis in plants are regulated by many genes, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely elusive. We isolated a rice mutant named yss2 (young seedling stripe2) with a striated seedling phenotype beginning from leaf 2 of delayed plant growth. The mutant developed normal green leaves from leaf 5, but reduced tillering and chlorotic leaves and panicles appeared later. Chlorotic yss2 seedlings have decreased pigment contents and impaired chloroplast development. Genetic analysis showed that the mutant phenotype was due to a single recessive gene. Positional cloning and sequence analysis identified a single nucleotide substitution in YSS2 gene causing an amino acid change from Gly to Asp. The YSS2 allele encodes a NDPK2 (nucleoside diphosphate kinase 2) protein showing high similarity to other types of NDPKs. Real-time RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that YSS2 transcripts accumulated highly in L4 sections at the early leaf development stage. Expression levels of genes associated with Chl biosynthesis and photosynthesis in yss2 were mostly decreased, but genes involved in chloroplast biogenesis were up-regulated compared to the wild type. The YSS2 protein was associated with punctate structures in the chloroplasts of rice protoplasts. Our overall data suggest that YSS2 has important roles in chloroplast biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunneng Zhou
- Key laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Jiafa Xia
- Key laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Yuanlei Wang
- Key laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Tingchen Ma
- Key laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Zefu Li
- Key laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, P.R. China
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Sakuraba Y, Kim EY, Han SH, Piao W, An G, Todaka D, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Paek NC. Rice Phytochrome-Interacting Factor-Like1 (OsPIL1) is involved in the promotion of chlorophyll biosynthesis through feed-forward regulatory loops. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:4103-4114. [PMID: 28922754 PMCID: PMC5853433 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In phototrophic plants, the highly conserved and tightly regulated process of chlorophyll (Chl) biosynthesis comprises multi-step reactions involving more than 15 enzymes. Since the efficiency of Chl biosynthesis strongly affects plant productivity, understanding the underlying regulatory mechanisms in crop plants can be useful for strategies to increase grain and biomass yields. Here, we show that rice (Oryza sativa) Phytochrome-Interacting Factor-Like1 (OsPIL1), a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, promotes Chl biosynthesis. The T-DNA insertion knockdown ospil1 mutant showed a pale-green phenotype when grown in a natural paddy field. Transcriptome analysis revealed that several genes responsible for Chl biosynthesis and photosynthesis were significantly down-regulated in ospil1 leaves. Using promoter binding and transactivation assays, we found that OsPIL1 binds to the promoters of two Chl biosynthetic genes, OsPORB and OsCAO1, and promotes their transcription. In addition, OsPIL1 directly up-regulates the expression of two transcription factor genes, GOLDEN2-LIKE1 (OsGLK1) and OsGLK2. OsGLK1 and OsGLK2 both bind to the promoters of OsPORB and OsCAO1, as well as some of genes encoding the light-harvesting complex of photosystems, probably promoting their transcription. Thus, OsPIL1 is involved in the promotion of Chl biosynthesis by up-regulating the transcription of OsPORB and OsCAO1 via trifurcate feed-forward regulatory loops involving two OsGLKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhito Sakuraba
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Young Kim
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hyun Han
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Weilan Piao
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gynheung An
- Department of Plant Molecular Systems Biotechnology, Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Daisuke Todaka
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Nam-Chon Paek
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence:
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32
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Mei J, Li F, Liu X, Hu G, Fu Y, Liu W. Newly identified CSP41b gene localized in chloroplasts affects leaf color in rice. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 256:39-45. [PMID: 28167036 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A rice mutant with light-green leaves was discovered from a transgenic line of Oryza sativa. The mutant has reduced chlorophyll content and abnormal chloroplast morphology throughout its life cycle. Genetic analysis revealed that a single nuclear-encoded recessive gene is responsible for the mutation, here designated as lgl1. To isolate the lgl1 gene, a high-resolution physical map of the chromosomal region around the lgl1 gene was made using a mapping population consisting of 1984 mutant individuals. The lgl1 gene was mapped in the 76.5kb region between marker YG4 and marker YG5 on chromosome 12. Sequence analysis revealed that there was a 39bp deletion within the fourth exon of the candidate gene Os12g0420200 (TIGR locus Os12g23180) encoding a chloroplast stem-loop-binding protein of 41kDa b (CSP41b). The lgl1 mutation was rescued by transformation with the wild type CSP41b gene. Accordingly, the CSP41b gene is identified as the LGL1 gene. CSP41b was transcribed in various tissues and was mainly expressed in leaves. Expression of CSP41b-GFP fusion protein indicated that CSP41b is localized in chloroplasts. The expression levels of some key genes involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis and photosynthesis, such as ChlD, ChlI, Hema1, Ygl1, POR, Cab1R, Cab2R, PsaA, and rbcL, was significantly changed in the lgl1 mutant. Our results demonstrate that CSP41b is a novel gene required for normal leaf color and chloroplast morphology in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiasong Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Feifei Li
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Xuri Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Guocheng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Yaping Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Wenzhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China.
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33
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Wang L, Wang C, Wang Y, Niu M, Ren Y, Zhou K, Zhang H, Lin Q, Wu F, Cheng Z, Wang J, Zhang X, Guo X, Jiang L, Lei C, Wang J, Zhu S, Zhao Z, Wan J. WSL3, a component of the plastid-encoded plastid RNA polymerase, is essential for early chloroplast development in rice. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 92:581-595. [PMID: 27573887 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-016-0533-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Plastid-encoded plastid RNA polymerase (PEP), a dominant RNA polymerase in mature chloroplasts, consists of core subunits and peripheral subunits. Despite the importance of the peripheral subunits in control of PEP activity it is unclear how they interact with one another to exert physiological effects on chloroplast development and plant growth, especially in rice. Here, we report a mutant, designated wsl3 that lacks a peripheral subunit in rice. We isolated the WSL3 gene encoding an essential peripheral subunit of rice PEP complex, OsPAP1/OspTAC3 by map-based cloning, and verified its function by complementation analysis. The wsl3 mutant showed a typical expression pattern of plastid-encoded genes, suggesting that PEP activity was impaired. Using immunofluorescent labeling and immunoblotting, we found that WSL3 was localized to the chloroplast and associated with the nucleoid. In addition, we demonstrated that WSL3 interacted with PEP subunits in Y2H, BiFC and pull-down experiments. Furthermore, a cpDNA IP assay revealed that WSL3 was associated with the PEP complex during the entire transcription process. We provide evidence suggesting that WSL3 is essential for early chloroplast development by interacting with subunits of the PEP complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunming Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Niu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulong Ren
- National Key Facility for Crop Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Kunneng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Qibing Lin
- National Key Facility for Crop Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuqing Wu
- National Key Facility for Crop Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijun Cheng
- National Key Facility for Crop Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiulin Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuping Guo
- National Key Facility for Crop Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Cailin Lei
- National Key Facility for Crop Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Zhu
- National Key Facility for Crop Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhichao Zhao
- National Key Facility for Crop Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmin Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
- National Key Facility for Crop Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
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Kong W, Yu X, Chen H, Liu L, Xiao Y, Wang Y, Wang C, Lin Y, Yu Y, Wang C, Jiang L, Zhai H, Zhao Z, Wan J. The catalytic subunit of magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester cyclase forms a chloroplast complex to regulate chlorophyll biosynthesis in rice. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 92:177-91. [PMID: 27514852 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-016-0513-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
YGL8 has the dual functions in Chl biosynthesis: one as a catalytic subunit of MgPME cyclase, the other as a core component of FLU-YGL8-LCAA-POR complex in Chl biosynthesis. Magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester (MgPME) cyclase is an essential enzyme involved in chlorophyll (Chl) biosynthesis. However, its roles in regulating Chl biosynthesis are not fully explored. In this study, we isolated a rice mutant yellow-green leaf 8 (ygl8) that exhibited chlorosis phenotype with abnormal chloroplast development in young leaves. As the development of leaves, the chlorotic plants turned green accompanied by restorations in Chl content and chloroplast ultrastructure. Map-based cloning revealed that the ygl8 gene encodes a catalytic subunit of MgPME cyclase. The ygl8 mutation caused a conserved amino acid substitution (Asn182Ser), which was related to the alterations of Chl precursor content. YGL8 was constitutively expressed in various tissues, with more abundance in young leaves and panicles. Furthermore, we showed that expression levels of some nuclear genes associated with Chl biosynthesis were affected in both the ygl8 mutant and YGL8 RNA interference lines. By transient expression in rice protoplasts, we found that N-terminal 40 amino acid residues were enough to localize the YGL8 protein to chloroplast. In vivo experiments demonstrated a physical interaction between YGL8 and a rice chloroplast protein, low chlorophyll accumulation A (OsLCAA). Moreover, bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays revealed that YGL8 also interacted with the other two rice chloroplast proteins, viz. fluorescent (OsFLU1) and NADPH:protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (OsPORB). These results provide new insights into the roles of YGL8, not only as a subunit with catalytic activity, but as a core component of FLU-YGL8-LCAA-POR complex required for Chl biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Kong
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaowen Yu
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Haiyuan Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Linglong Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yanjia Xiao
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yunlong Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chaolong Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yun Lin
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yang Yu
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chunming Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Huqu Zhai
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jianmin Wan
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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35
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Fine mapping of a dominant gene conferring chlorophyll-deficiency in Brassica napus. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31419. [PMID: 27506952 PMCID: PMC4979034 DOI: 10.1038/srep31419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf colour regulation is important in photosynthesis and dry material production. Most of the reported chlorophyll-deficient loci are recessive. The dominant locus is rarely reported, although it may be more important than the recessive locus in the regulation of photosynthesis efficiency. During the present study, we mapped a chlorophyll-deficient dominant locus (CDE1) from the ethyl methanesulfonate-mutagenized Brassica napus line NJ7982. Using an F2 population derived from the chlorophyll-deficient mutant (cde1) and the canola variety ‘zhongshuang11’, a high-density linkage map was constructed, consisting of 19 linkage groups with 2,878 bins containing 13,347 SNP markers, with a total linkage map length of 1,968.6 cM. Next, the CDE1 locus was mapped in a 0.9-cM interval of chromosome C08 of B. napus, co-segregating with nine SNP markers. In the following fine-mapping of the gene using the inherited F2:3 populations of 620 individuals, the locus was identified in an interval with a length of 311 kb. A bioinformatics analysis revealed that the mapping interval contained 22 genes. These results produced a good foundation for continued research on the dominant locus involved in chlorophyll content regulation.
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Zhu X, Guo S, Wang Z, Du Q, Xing Y, Zhang T, Shen W, Sang X, Ling Y, He G. Map-based cloning and functional analysis of YGL8, which controls leaf colour in rice (Oryza sativa). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 16:134. [PMID: 27297403 PMCID: PMC4907030 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0821-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the indispensable part of plant, leaf blade mainly functions as the production workshops where organic substance is produced by photosynthesis. Leaf colour mutation is a genetic phenomenon that has a high frequency and is easily identified. The mutations always exhibit negative impact on the development of plants in any of the different stages of growth. Up to now, numerous genes involved in leaf colour mutations have been cloned. RESULTS In this study, a yellow-green leaf mutant, yellow-green leaf 8 (ygl8), with stable genetic phenotype, has been screened out in the progeny of an excellent indica restorer line Jinhui 10 with seeds treated by EMS. The levels of Chl a, Chl b and total chlorophyll were significantly lower in ygl8 than those in the WT throughout the whole growth period, while no clear change was noted in the Chl a/b ratio. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that the lamellae were clearly intumescent and intricately stacked in ygl8. Furthermore, compared with those of the WT, the stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of ylg8 were all significantly lower. Map-based cloning results showed that Loc_Os01g73450, encoding a chloroplast-targeted UMP kinase, corresponded to Ygl8 and played an important role in regulating leaf colour in rice (Oryza sativa). Complementation of ygl8 with the WT DNA sequence of Loc_Os01g73450 led to restoration of the normal phenotype, and transgenic RNA interference plants showed a yellow-green colour. Analysis of the spatial and temporal expression of Ygl8 indicated that it was highly expressed in leaf blades and weakly expressed in other tissues. qRT-PCR also showed that the expression levels of the major Photosystem I core subunits plastome-encoded PsaA, PsaB and PsbC were significantly reduced in ygl8. The expression levels of nuclear-encoded gene involved in Chl biosynthesis HEMC, HEME, and PORA were also decreased when compared with the wild-type. CONCLUSIONS Independent of Chl biosynthesis and photosystem, YGL8 may affect the structure and function of chloroplasts grana lamellae by regulating plastid genome encoded thylakoid membrane constitutive gene expression and indirectly influences Chl biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Rice Research Institute of Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Shuang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Rice Research Institute of Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
- Institute of Rice, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Zhongwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Rice Research Institute of Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Qing Du
- Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Rice Research Institute of Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
- Forestry Bureau of Chuanshan District, Suining, Sichuan, 629000, China
| | - Yadi Xing
- Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Rice Research Institute of Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Tianquan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Rice Research Institute of Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Wenqiang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Rice Research Institute of Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Xianchun Sang
- Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Rice Research Institute of Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Yinghua Ling
- Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Rice Research Institute of Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Guanghua He
- Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Rice Research Institute of Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.
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Li W, Tang S, Zhang S, Shan J, Tang C, Chen Q, Jia G, Han Y, Zhi H, Diao X. Gene mapping and functional analysis of the novel leaf color gene SiYGL1 in foxtail millet [Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv]. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2016; 157:24-37. [PMID: 26559175 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Setaria italica and its wild ancestor Setaria viridis are emerging as model systems for genetics and functional genomics research. However, few systematic gene mapping or functional analyses have been reported in these promising C4 models. We herein isolated the yellow-green leaf mutant (siygl1) in S. italica using forward genetics approaches. Map-based cloning revealed that SiYGL1, which is a recessive nuclear gene encoding a magnesium-chelatase D subunit (CHLD), is responsible for the mutant phenotype. A single Phe to Leu amino acid change occurring near the ATPase-conserved domain resulted in decreased chlorophyll (Chl) accumulation and modified chloroplast ultrastructure. However, the mutation enhanced the light-use efficiency of the siygl1 mutant, suggesting that the mutated CHLD protein does not completely lose its original activity, but instead, gains novel features. A transcriptional analysis of Chl a oxygenase revealed that there is a strong negative feedback control of Chl b biosynthesis in S. italica. The SiYGL1 mRNA was expressed in all examined tissues, with higher expression observed in the leaves. Comparison of gene expression profiles in wild-type and siygl1 mutant plants indicated that SiYGL1 regulates a subset of genes involved in photosynthesis (rbcL and LHCB1), thylakoid development (DEG2) and chloroplast signaling (SRP54CP). These results provide information regarding the mutant phenotype at the transcriptional level. This study demonstrated that the genetic material of a Setaria species could be ideal for gene discovery investigations using forward genetics approaches and may help to explain the molecular mechanisms associated with leaf color variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Sha Tang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jianguo Shan
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Chanjuan Tang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qiannan Chen
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Guanqing Jia
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuanhuai Han
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Hui Zhi
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xianmin Diao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
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Guan H, Xu X, He C, Liu C, Liu Q, Dong R, Liu T, Wang L. Fine Mapping and Candidate Gene Analysis of the Leaf-Color Gene ygl-1 in Maize. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153962. [PMID: 27100184 PMCID: PMC4839758 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel yellow-green leaf mutant yellow-green leaf-1 (ygl-1) was isolated in self-pollinated progenies from the cross of maize inbred lines Ye478 and Yuanwu02. The mutant spontaneously showed yellow-green character throughout the lifespan. Meanwhile, the mutant reduced contents of chlorophyll and Car, arrested chloroplast development and lowered the capacity of photosynthesis compared with the wild-type Lx7226. Genetic analysis revealed that the mutant phenotype was controlled by a recessive nuclear gene. The ygl-1 locus was initially mapped to an interval of about 0.86 Mb in bin 1.01 on the short arm of chromosome 1 using 231 yellow-green leaf individuals of an F2 segregating population from ygl-1/Lx7226. Utilizing four new polymorphic SSR markers, the ygl-1 locus was narrowed down to a region of about 48 kb using 2930 and 2247 individuals of F2 and F3 mapping populations, respectively. Among the three predicted genes annotated within this 48 kb region, GRMZM2G007441, which was predicted to encode a cpSRP43 protein, had a 1-bp nucleotide deletion in the coding region of ygl-1 resulting in a frame shift mutation. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that YGL-1 was constitutively expressed in all tested tissues and its expression level was not significantly affected in the ygl-1 mutant from early to mature stages, while light intensity regulated its expression both in the ygl-1 mutant and wild type seedlings. Furthermore, the mRNA levels of some genes involved in chloroplast development were affected in the six-week old ygl-1 plants. These findings suggested that YGL-1 plays an important role in chloroplast development of maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Guan
- Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of North Summer Maize, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, China
- National Maize Improvement Sub-Center, Jinan, China
| | - Xiangbo Xu
- Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of North Summer Maize, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, China
- National Maize Improvement Sub-Center, Jinan, China
| | - Chunmei He
- Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of North Summer Maize, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, China
- National Maize Improvement Sub-Center, Jinan, China
| | - Chunxiao Liu
- Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of North Summer Maize, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, China
- National Maize Improvement Sub-Center, Jinan, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of North Summer Maize, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, China
- National Maize Improvement Sub-Center, Jinan, China
| | - Rui Dong
- Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of North Summer Maize, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, China
- National Maize Improvement Sub-Center, Jinan, China
| | - Tieshan Liu
- Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of North Summer Maize, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, China
- National Maize Improvement Sub-Center, Jinan, China
- * E-mail: (TSL); (LMW)
| | - Liming Wang
- Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of North Summer Maize, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, China
- National Maize Improvement Sub-Center, Jinan, China
- * E-mail: (TSL); (LMW)
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Tan J, Jin M, Wang J, Wu F, Sheng P, Cheng Z, Wang J, Zheng X, Chen L, Wang M, Zhu S, Guo X, Zhang X, Liu X, Wang C, Wang H, Wu C, Wan J. OsCOL10, a CONSTANS-Like Gene, Functions as a Flowering Time Repressor Downstream of Ghd7 in Rice. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 57:798-812. [PMID: 26872834 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Flowering time, or heading date, is a critical agronomic trait that determines the cropping season and regional adaptability, and ultimately grain yield in rice. A number of genes involved in photoperiodic flowering have been cloned and their roles in modulating expression of the flowering genes have been characterized to a certain extent. However, much less is known about the pathway in transmitting the day length response signal(s) to induce transition to reproductive growth. Here, we report a constitutive flowering repressor OsCOL10, which encodes a member of the CONSTANS-like (COL) family. Transgenic rice plants overexpressing OsCOL10 (driven by a strong promoter or by fusing it to the activation domain of VP64) showed delayed flowering time under both short and long days.OsCOL10 is affected by the circadian clock and is preferentially expressed in leaf mesophyll cells; it is localized to the nucleus and has transcriptional activation activity. Further studies show that OsCOL10 represses the expression of theFT-like genes RFT1 and Hd3a through Ehd1. Transcripts of OsCOL10 are more abundant in plants carrying a functional Ghd7 allele or overexpressing Ghd7 than in Ghd7-deficient plants, thus placing OsCOL10 downstream of Ghd7.Taking these findings together, we conclude that OsCOL10 functions as a flowering time repressor that links Ghd7 and Ehd1 in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Tan
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China Present address: Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Mingna Jin
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Jiachang Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Fuqing Wu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Peike Sheng
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Zhijun Cheng
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Jiulin Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Xiaoming Zheng
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Liping Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Min Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Shanshan Zhu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Xiuping Guo
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Xin Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Xuanming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Chunming Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Chuanyin Wu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Jianmin Wan
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
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Li C, Hu Y, Huang R, Ma X, Wang Y, Liao T, Zhong P, Xiao F, Sun C, Xu Z, Deng X, Wang P. Mutation of FdC2 gene encoding a ferredoxin-like protein with C-terminal extension causes yellow-green leaf phenotype in rice. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 238:127-34. [PMID: 26259181 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Ferredoxins (Fds) are small iron-sulfur proteins that mediate electron transfer in a wide range of metabolic reactions. Besides Fds, there is a type of Fd-like proteins designated as FdC, which have conserved elements of Fds, but contain a significant C-terminal extension. So far, only two FdC genes of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) have been identified in higher plants and thus the functions of FdC proteins remain largely unknown. In this study, we isolated a yellow-green leaf mutant, 501ys, in rice (Oryza sativa). The mutant exhibited yellow-green leaf phenotype and reduced chlorophyll level. The phenotype of 501ys was caused by mutation of a gene on rice chromosome 3. Map-based cloning of this mutant resulted in identification of OsFdC2 gene (LOC_Os03g48040) showing high identity with Arabidopsis FdC2 gene (AT1G32550). OsFdC2 was expressed most abundantly in leaves and its encoded protein was targeted to the chloroplast. In 501ys mutant, a missense mutation was detected in DNA sequence of the gene, resulting in an amino acid change in the encoded protein. The mutant phenotype was rescued by introduction of the wild-type gene. Therefore, we successfully identified FdC2 gene via map-based cloning approach, and demonstrated that mutation of this gene caused yellow-green leaf phenotype in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Li
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaozhi Ma
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Tingting Liao
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ping Zhong
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Fuliang Xiao
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Changhui Sun
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhengjun Xu
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaojian Deng
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Pingrong Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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Li RQ, Huang JZ, Zhao HJ, Fu HW, Li YF, Liu GZ, Shu QY. A down-regulated epi-allele of the genomes uncoupled 4 gene generates a xantha marker trait in rice. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2014; 127:2491-501. [PMID: 25208645 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-014-2393-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A γ-ray-induced xantha trait is epigenetically controlled by the genomes uncoupled 4 gene with enhanced promoter segment methylation and down-regulated expression in rice. For easy testing and to increase varietal purity, a xantha mutation (xnt), which turns plants yellow and makes them visually distinguishable from normal green rice, has been generated and bred into male sterile lines for hybrid rice production. The xnt locus was previously fine mapped to a ~100-kb interval on chromosome 11, but its identity was unknown. In this study, xnt was further narrowed down to a 57-kb fragment carrying eight opening reading frames (ORFs). All eight ORFs had identical genomic sequences and all but ORF2 (g enomes uncoupled 4, OsGUN4) had similar transcript abundance in the xantha mutant Huangyu B (HYB) and its parental variety Longtefu B (LTB). The expression of OsGUN4, however, was significantly reduced in HYB compared with LTB in terms of both transcript abundance (0.2% that of LTB) and expressed protein level (barely detectable in HYB but greater than the heat shock protein reference in LTB). Therefore, OsGUN4 was identified as the candidate gene underlying the xantha trait. The function of OsGUN4 in the xantha phenotype was confirmed by identification and characterization of new allelic OsGUN4 mutations. Comparative bisulfite genomic sequencing of OsGUN4 revealed increased methylation in a promoter region in the mutant, and the correlation between increased methylation and the xantha phenotype was further verified by demethylation treatment. In summary, we have identified an epi-allele of OsGUN4 as the causal gene of the xantha marker trait and revealed that enhanced methylation in its promoter down-regulated its expression in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Qing Li
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Crop Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310029, Hangzhou, China
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Li Q, Zhu FY, Gao X, Sun Y, Li S, Tao Y, Lo C, Liu H. Young Leaf Chlorosis 2 encodes the stroma-localized heme oxygenase 2 which is required for normal tetrapyrrole biosynthesis in rice. PLANTA 2014; 240:701-12. [PMID: 25037719 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-014-2116-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Rice heme oxygenase 2 (OsHO2) mutants are chlorophyll deficient with distinct tetrapyrrole metabolite and transcript profiles, suggesting a potential regulatory role of the stromal-localized OsHO2 in tetrapyrrole biosynthesis. In plants, heme oxygenases (HOs) are classified into the subfamilies HO1 and HO2. HO1 are highly conserved plastid enzymes required for synthesizing the chromophore in phytochromes which mediate a number of light-regulated responses. However, the physiological and biochemical functions of HO2, which are distantly related to HO1, are not well understood, especially in crop plants. From a population of (60)Coγ-irradiated rice mutants, we identified the ylc2 (young leaf chlorosis 2) mutant which displays a chlorosis phenotype in seedlings with substantially reduced chlorophyll content. Normal leaf pigmentation is gradually restored in older plants while newly emerged leaves remain yellow. Transmission electron microscopy further revealed defective chloroplast structures in the ylc2 seedlings. Map-based cloning located the OsYLC2 gene on chromosome 3 and it encodes the OsHO2 protein. The gene identification was confirmed by complementation and T-DNA mutant analyses. Subcellular localization and chloroplast fractionation experiments indicated that OsHO2 resides in the stroma. However, recombinant enzyme assay demonstrated that OsHO2 is not a functional HO enzyme. Analysis of tetrapyrrole metabolites revealed the reduced levels of most chlorophyll and phytochromobilin precursors in the ylc2 mutant. On the other hand, elevated accumulation of 5-aminolevulinic acid and Mg-protoporphyrin IX was observed. These unique metabolite changes are accompanied by consistent changes in the expression levels of the corresponding tetrapyrrole biosynthesis genes. Taken together, our work suggests that OsHO2 has a potential regulatory role for tetrapyrrole biosynthesis in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhu Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Crops and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
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Xu J, Deng Y, Li Q, Zhu X, He Z. STRIPE2 encodes a putative dCMP deaminase that plays an important role in chloroplast development in rice. J Genet Genomics 2014; 41:539-48. [PMID: 25438698 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mutants with abnormal leaf coloration are good genetic materials for understanding the mechanism of chloroplast development and chlorophyll biosynthesis. In this study, a rice mutant st2 (stripe2) with stripe leaves was identified from the γ-ray irradiated mutant pool. The st2 mutant exhibited decreased accumulation of chlorophyll and aberrant chloroplasts. Genetic analysis indicated that the st2 mutant was controlled by a single recessive locus. The ST2 gene was finely confined to a 27-kb region on chromosome 1 by the map-based cloning strategy and a 5-bp deletion in Os01g0765000 was identified by sequence analysis. The deletion happened in the joint of exon 3 and intron 3 and led to new spliced products of mRNA. Genetic complementation confirmed that Os01g0765000 is the ST2 gene. We found that the ST2 gene was expressed ubiquitously. Subcellular localization assay showed that the ST2 protein was located in mitochondria. ST2 belongs to the cytidine deaminase-like family and possibly functions as the dCMP deaminase, which catalyzes the formation of dUMP from dCMP by deamination. Additionally, exogenous application of dUMP could partially rescue the st2 phenotype. Therefore, our study identified a putative dCMP deaminase as a novel regulator in chloroplast development for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yiwen Deng
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qun Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xudong Zhu
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 31006, China.
| | - Zuhua He
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
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